{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.CX10IW0D/b1/grub2_2.12-5_i386.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.CX10IW0D/b2/grub2_2.12-5_i386.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,38 +1,38 @@\n \n 570e4c706da41429268f0d3e7b7db5e7 10712316 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 77b38e58f06892f1540116392db21e01 2972436 admin optional grub-common_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- 49fc26ffdee17017cbb2a732a1b99bd9 646248 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ 00b32ce6b7ddc9baa7f8ddfee7a5b674 646108 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 1c87c3b536d5f5f72b140d389f0271c3 2956332 debug optional grub-coreboot-dbg_2.12-5_i386.deb\n be4f04930af6c4aace4ddb25d629634f 45880 admin optional grub-coreboot_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- 7e66332a4ab813c5cdad79af8a5a746c 1049868 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ a32bfda9a1b6e69ea752fb3555ccae2f 1049744 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 8806c7966c512204751cd552ff2601a8 3674660 debug optional grub-efi-amd64-dbg_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- 12af033c4c631eba27be37ddee321478 1360088 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ 862ebd9dca441c37cc680d5a4869d9db 1360164 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-5_i386.deb\n def18eedc9813d55a44778b5020681a1 45892 admin optional grub-efi-amd64_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- 45ae8b77ab285bde277eae5f2b8fd9ed 689044 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ 1f3244e79bff66ef499684346446697b 689028 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 365c36e33085bda7661992b8cc527da6 3328312 debug optional grub-efi-ia32-dbg_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 10071b250b11acc5d4afc384450819f0 316500 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-signed-template_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- 52e2dd02862619d82623628b159634da 1321952 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ 895ff39d09afa5e8c3b81ec73d39aa92 1321952 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 3b9cab8a92cb90f92fca3421e70cd7f4 45884 admin optional grub-efi-ia32_2.12-5_i386.deb\n d7fb94a633aa240793fa2ac535080561 2372 admin optional grub-efi_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 1210d85a8036c68fe53a58baf694512e 2629824 debug optional grub-emu-dbg_2.12-5_i386.deb\n aba79a51baf370cebff8d454583a8e9e 34472 debug optional grub-emu-dbgsym_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- 86f236f0bd7e3e059a093030138d6ca8 2821296 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- 1e01397b292d56da7cd6b0af37b53d3f 923856 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- 19a408902d2ce3e7f36579e4ee2dd691 633824 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ f02489d8d68a9546373cfdb9df6b18d6 2820716 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ 21414ed242fa19ddb1052ca0dbd6cccd 923856 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ fc0108426ecb306f94700f9772712813 634052 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 1555415ede6f7c5cc56049124794a247 2925008 debug optional grub-ieee1275-dbg_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 4b26c36c781ead849c66e2c22c896d6e 45880 admin optional grub-ieee1275_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 4c549bc327f9d7668e607b7ff4963a5e 2360 oldlibs optional grub-linuxbios_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 60b700acd75eaa6e6a39160be7e18889 471676 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.12-5_i386.udeb\n 35e0198ecd90755c8164abeb67952f9b 1157584 debug optional grub-pc-bin-dbgsym_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- 01ece80a85513513417d762c362311bf 1044300 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ fa4113dbf40352fbb3f5d21b90e55405 1044288 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb\n ce5656c4ca8ae25987bb446bab1728c1 3182296 debug optional grub-pc-dbg_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 5103de6f07d53ea46b3fa617967c6032 136708 admin optional grub-pc_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- 720da3c58040968f9c73d20a22d0deea 2643036 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ f668aabd096541d0ecddcfe05564076f 2642692 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-5_i386.deb\n f32dffbaefbb8f114a01876d7f8c61a9 2155980 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- 7aab2f25bd6d1289b79846d8b2e24865 1036304 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- ce99742e28507af22cb82064c96eaaf1 7534464 debug optional grub-xen-dbg_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- 6270ff5cf9d398b28017dca0b9a784ce 1331364 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- 191409119d21a534f36343eacd1b6d83 45816 admin optional grub-xen_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ bab2c6ae3ac73f48295ce25afb9bf42c 1036312 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ f450e0d9162676ed79ceb22913b07761 7534460 debug optional grub-xen-dbg_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ 1aa61d93e78ba44fa00308a2aca3a419 1331272 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ b2db7a7321b307d6b663fc46d2456a41 45808 admin optional grub-xen_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 84260162d55cfc75ec723089f51d42f0 1494164 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.12-5_i386.deb\n- ebe4cb0e7c22933942d96c308310c383 680504 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-5_i386.deb\n+ 9c3b312b5459b4ea02b33fa6636b31ee 680536 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-5_i386.deb\n 59a73b98ceee7d97f09e146bde8e159b 2360 oldlibs optional grub2_2.12-5_i386.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7408 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 638648 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 638508 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -146,15 +146,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3704 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3844 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3628 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3796 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3716 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5800 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4910 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2634 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2632 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2312 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27444 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13880 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15092 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4152 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=coreboot\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8132 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1041544 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1041420 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -158,15 +158,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5664 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5744 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5728 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5808 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5640 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 9112 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5318 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2558 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2556 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3120 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44024 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2360 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 21992 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 24944 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6616 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1236 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1358660 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1358736 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -764677,16 +764677,16 @@\n 232c98:\tlods %ds:(%rsi),%al\n 232c99:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232c9b:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232c9d:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232c9f:\tadd %dh,0xcd3(%rsi)\n 232ca5:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232ca7:\tadd %al,(%rax,%rax,4)\n- 232caa:\tpush %rdi\n- 232cab:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 232caa:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 232cab:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 232cad:\tadd %ah,%al\n 232caf:\trorl %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n \t...\n 2338c6:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2338c8:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 2338ca:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2338cc:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -770030,16 +770030,16 @@\n 237257:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237259:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23725b:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 23725e:\tor $0x0,%al\n 237260:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237262:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237264:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 237266:\tpush %rdi\n- 237267:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 237266:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 237267:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 237269:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 237ed0:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 237ed2:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237ed4:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 237ed6:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237ed8:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -770030,16 +770030,16 @@\n 237257:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237259:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23725b:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 23725e:\tor $0x0,%al\n 237260:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237262:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237264:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 237266:\tpush %rdi\n- 237267:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 237266:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 237267:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 237269:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 237ed0:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 237ed2:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237ed4:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 237ed6:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237ed8:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -875854,16 +875854,16 @@\n 2894ba:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2894bc:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2894be:\txchg %eax,%esp\n 2894bf:\trorb %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n 2894c2:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2894c4:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2894c6:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 2894c8:\tpush %rdi\n- 2894c9:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 2894c8:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 2894c9:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 2894cb:\tadd %dh,0xcd2(%rsi)\n \t...\n 28a20d:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28a20f:\tadd %al,(%rbx)\n 28a211:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28a213:\tadd %bl,(%rax)\n 28a215:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7876 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 680976 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 680960 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -159,15 +159,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3744 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3904 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3704 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3836 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3772 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6792 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5340 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2601 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2599 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2316 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 28644 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2404 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1996 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14404 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 16104 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4292 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -115543,15 +115543,15 @@\n 001c3560: 0200 0a00 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 3201 ....unicode.pf2.\n 001c3570: 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c 0000 0001 ...........l....\n 001c3580: 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 0200 0700 ...fonts........\n 001c3590: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 grub.cfg........\n 001c35a0: 0000 ec00 0000 0000 0000 9cd3 0c00 0000 ................\n 001c35b0: 0000 2080 6c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 .. .l...........\n 001c35c0: 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ac00 0000 ................\n-001c35d0: 0000 0000 b6d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 ..............W.\n+001c35d0: 0000 0000 b6d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 ................\n 001c35e0: 0000 e0d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c35f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3600: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3610: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3620: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3630: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3640: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -135194,15 +135194,15 @@\n 00210190: 0000 0000 0000 0300 0000 1c00 1f00 0400 ................\n 002101a0: 0000 3880 0000 0000 0000 0000 0200 0000 ..8.............\n 002101b0: 0000 0000 0200 0a00 756e 6963 6f64 652e ........unicode.\n 002101c0: 7066 3200 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c pf2............l\n 002101d0: 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 1880 6c00 .......fonts..l.\n 002101e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 ................\n 002101f0: 0000 0000 0000 94d2 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ................\n-00210200: 5704 0000 b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 W...............\n+00210200: ae08 0000 b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00210210: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00210220: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00210230: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00210240: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00210250: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00210260: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00210270: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116259,15 +116259,15 @@\n 001c6220: 0200 0a00 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 3201 ....unicode.pf2.\n 001c6230: 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c 0000 0001 ...........l....\n 001c6240: 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 0200 0700 ...fonts........\n 001c6250: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 grub.cfg........\n 001c6260: 0000 9c00 0000 0000 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 ..........L.....\n 001c6270: 0000 2080 6c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 .. .l...........\n 001c6280: 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ac00 0000 ................\n-001c6290: 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 ....f.........W.\n+001c6290: 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 ....f...........\n 001c62a0: 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c62b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c62c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c62d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c62e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c62f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6300: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116259,15 +116259,15 @@\n 001c6220: 0200 0a00 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 3201 ....unicode.pf2.\n 001c6230: 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c 0000 0001 ...........l....\n 001c6240: 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 0200 0700 ...fonts........\n 001c6250: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 grub.cfg........\n 001c6260: 0000 9c00 0000 0000 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 ..........L.....\n 001c6270: 0000 2080 6c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 .. .l...........\n 001c6280: 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ac00 0000 ................\n-001c6290: 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 ....f.........W.\n+001c6290: 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 ....f...........\n 001c62a0: 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c62b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c62c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c62d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c62e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c62f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6300: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-emu_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-emu_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6280 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2814824 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2814244 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -128,15 +128,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 26404 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-emu/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 26732 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-emu/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 29844 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-emu/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 26288 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 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15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-emu/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 48908 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-emu/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 684704 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-emu/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-emu/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-emu/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=emu\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": 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0000 1...............\n+001b3f60: 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 2...............\n 001b3f70: 0000 0000 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 ........pbuilder\n-001b3f80: 3100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1...............\n+001b3f80: 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 2...............\n 001b3f90: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3fa0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3fb0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3fc0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3fd0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3fe0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3ff0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n@@ -111621,28 +111621,28 @@\n 001b4040: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0062 ...............b\n 001b4050: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f00 0000 0000 0000 oot/grub/.......\n 001b4060: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4070: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4080: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4090: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b40a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001b40b0: 0000 0030 3030 3037 3535 0030 3030 3231 ...0000755.00021\n-001b40c0: 3237 0030 3030 3231 3237 0030 3030 3030 27.0002127.00000\n-001b40d0: 3030 3030 3030 0031 3437 3234 3335 3132 000000.147243512\n-001b40e0: 3035 0030 3133 3332 3100 2035 0000 0000 05.013321. 5....\n+001b40b0: 0000 0030 3030 3037 3535 0030 3030 3432 ...0000755.00042\n+001b40c0: 3536 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3030 56.0004256.00000\n+001b40d0: 3030 3030 3030 0031 3531 3237 3536 3431 000000.151275641\n+001b40e0: 3634 0030 3133 3334 3500 2035 0000 0000 64.013345. 5....\n 001b40f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4100: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4110: 0000 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15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -145,15 +145,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3704 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3844 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3628 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3796 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3716 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5784 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4708 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2634 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2632 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2312 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27444 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13708 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14696 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2696 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/nand.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=ieee1275\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8412 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1035696 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8416 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1035680 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -171,15 +171,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3704 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3844 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3628 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3796 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3716 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 8476 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5786 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2620 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2618 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2312 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27444 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14900 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15928 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4144 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-rescue-pc_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-rescue-pc_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file 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"./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-cdrom.iso", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 Dec 5 2024 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Dec 5 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Jan 7 2026 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Jan 7 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 2411806 Dec 5 2024 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 2411806 Jan 7 2026 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Dec 5 2024 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 7812 Dec 5 2024 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10572 Dec 5 2024 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1200 Dec 5 2024 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5640 Dec 5 2024 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6028 Dec 5 2024 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1504 Dec 5 2024 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15604 Dec 5 2024 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 492 Dec 5 2024 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Dec 5 2024 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2936 Dec 5 2024 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4112 Dec 5 2024 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5540 Dec 5 2024 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1576 Dec 5 2024 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6748 Dec 5 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0 2944 Dec 5 2024 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1160 Dec 5 2024 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 Dec 5 2024 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2204 Dec 5 2024 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4580 Dec 5 2024 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3931 Dec 5 2024 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2200 Dec 5 2024 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2588 Dec 5 2024 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2668 Dec 5 2024 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1644 Dec 5 2024 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1548 Dec 5 2024 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 Dec 5 2024 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4892 Dec 5 2024 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14636 Dec 5 2024 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3584 Dec 5 2024 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1680 Dec 5 2024 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2088 Dec 5 2024 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1712 Dec 5 2024 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2144 Dec 5 2024 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2364 Dec 5 2024 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9816 Dec 5 2024 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Dec 5 2024 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5500 Dec 5 2024 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1768 Dec 5 2024 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5292 Dec 5 2024 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1896 Dec 5 2024 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 23616 Dec 5 2024 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7640 Dec 5 2024 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11040 Dec 5 2024 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16124 Dec 5 2024 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5824 Dec 5 2024 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 31094 Dec 5 2024 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1368 Dec 5 2024 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5968 Dec 5 2024 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1380 Dec 5 2024 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6052 Dec 5 2024 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4612 Dec 5 2024 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6432 Dec 5 2024 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6112 Dec 5 2024 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17096 Dec 5 2024 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13836 Dec 5 2024 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2608 Dec 5 2024 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 219 Dec 5 2024 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2920 Dec 5 2024 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 34144 Dec 5 2024 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1580 Dec 5 2024 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7968 Dec 5 2024 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33524 Dec 5 2024 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16300 Dec 5 2024 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10516 Dec 5 2024 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 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\n----------- 0 0 0 24500 Dec 5 2024 [ 1608 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25092 Dec 5 2024 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5596 Dec 5 2024 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4800 Dec 5 2024 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 39008 Dec 5 2024 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9868 Dec 5 2024 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2788 Dec 5 2024 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4888 Dec 5 2024 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3736 Dec 5 2024 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8736 Dec 5 2024 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4612 Dec 5 2024 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5156 Dec 5 2024 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6500 Dec 5 2024 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1136 Dec 5 2024 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2584 Dec 5 2024 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3048 Dec 5 2024 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6860 Dec 5 2024 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8088 Dec 5 2024 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2940 Dec 5 2024 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5820 Dec 5 2024 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2452 Dec 5 2024 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2776 Dec 5 2024 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9128 Dec 5 2024 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6108 Dec 5 2024 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7716 Dec 5 2024 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4268 Dec 5 2024 [ 1720 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4964 Dec 5 2024 [ 1723 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1828 Dec 5 2024 [ 1726 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6252 Dec 5 2024 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14392 Dec 5 2024 [ 1731 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 30052 Dec 5 2024 [ 1739 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13500 Dec 5 2024 [ 1754 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5512 Dec 5 2024 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5740 Dec 5 2024 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3040 Dec 5 2024 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3860 Dec 5 2024 [ 1769 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4736 Dec 5 2024 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2232 Dec 5 2024 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1788 Dec 5 2024 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4760 Dec 5 2024 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3924 Dec 5 2024 [ 1780 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14164 Dec 5 2024 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8452 Dec 5 2024 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4812 Dec 5 2024 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3208 Dec 5 2024 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7376 Dec 5 2024 [ 1799 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2016 Dec 5 2024 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2100 Dec 5 2024 [ 1804 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1960 Dec 5 2024 [ 1806 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1880 Dec 5 2024 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1968 Dec 5 2024 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2780 Dec 5 2024 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3500 Dec 5 2024 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3572 Dec 5 2024 [ 1813 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3704 Dec 5 2024 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3844 Dec 5 2024 [ 1817 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3628 Dec 5 2024 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3796 Dec 5 2024 [ 1821 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3716 Dec 5 2024 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8476 Dec 5 2024 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5786 Dec 5 2024 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2620 Dec 5 2024 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2312 Dec 5 2024 [ 1835 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27444 Dec 5 2024 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2392 Dec 5 2024 [ 1851 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1972 Dec 5 2024 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14900 Dec 5 2024 [ 1854 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15928 Dec 5 2024 [ 1862 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4144 Dec 5 2024 [ 1870 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 58416 Dec 5 2024 [ 1873 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2812 Dec 5 2024 [ 1902 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6712 Dec 5 2024 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 114852 Dec 5 2024 [ 1908 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10616 Dec 5 2024 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4236 Dec 5 2024 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2500 Dec 5 2024 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2660 Dec 5 2024 [ 1976 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1440 Dec 5 2024 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10280 Dec 5 2024 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1584 Dec 5 2024 [ 1985 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 Dec 5 2024 [ 1986 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2052 Dec 5 2024 [ 1987 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2680 Dec 5 2024 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1708 Dec 5 2024 [ 1991 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1424 Dec 5 2024 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 Dec 5 2024 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2284 Dec 5 2024 [ 1995 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1732 Dec 5 2024 [ 1997 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1436 Dec 5 2024 [ 1998 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1584 Dec 5 2024 [ 1999 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 111 Dec 5 2024 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17 Dec 5 2024 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4628 Dec 5 2024 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1816 Dec 5 2024 [ 2005 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2728 Dec 5 2024 [ 2006 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4800 Dec 5 2024 [ 2008 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1308 Dec 5 2024 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2088 Dec 5 2024 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1316 Dec 5 2024 [ 2014 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2360 Dec 5 2024 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11296 Dec 5 2024 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7172 Dec 5 2024 [ 2023 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6264 Dec 5 2024 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2444 Dec 5 2024 [ 2031 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7980 Dec 5 2024 [ 2033 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1512 Dec 5 2024 [ 2037 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3496 Dec 5 2024 [ 2038 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2256 Dec 5 2024 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2144 Dec 5 2024 [ 2042 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3668 Dec 5 2024 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2604 Dec 5 2024 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 Dec 5 2024 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2188 Dec 5 2024 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3664 Dec 5 2024 [ 2051 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1824 Dec 5 2024 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1672 Dec 5 2024 [ 2054 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1624 Dec 5 2024 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 50880 Dec 5 2024 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8644 Dec 5 2024 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15032 Dec 5 2024 [ 2086 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4064 Dec 5 2024 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4608 Dec 5 2024 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3680 Dec 5 2024 [ 2099 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3128 Dec 5 2024 [ 2101 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3192 Dec 5 2024 [ 2103 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3120 Dec 5 2024 [ 2105 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6992 Dec 5 2024 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9368 Dec 5 2024 [ 2111 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 628 Dec 5 2024 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1616 Dec 5 2024 [ 2117 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5200 Dec 5 2024 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5080 Dec 5 2024 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2420 Dec 5 2024 [ 2124 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6356 Dec 5 2024 [ 2126 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2116 Dec 5 2024 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2308 Dec 5 2024 [ 2132 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5500 Dec 5 2024 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2004 Dec 5 2024 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7080 Dec 5 2024 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2108 Dec 5 2024 [ 2142 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17324 Dec 5 2024 [ 2144 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3168 Dec 5 2024 [ 2153 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 202 Dec 5 2024 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4428 Dec 5 2024 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12208 Dec 5 2024 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5076 Dec 5 2024 [ 2165 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 Dec 5 2024 [ 2168 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2708 Dec 5 2024 [ 2169 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2244 Dec 5 2024 [ 2171 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5264 Dec 5 2024 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4592 Dec 5 2024 [ 2176 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1452 Dec 5 2024 [ 2179 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2320 Dec 5 2024 [ 2180 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1656 Dec 5 2024 [ 2182 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1148 Dec 5 2024 [ 2183 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3552 Dec 5 2024 [ 2184 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8764 Dec 5 2024 [ 2186 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5212 Dec 5 2024 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5648 Dec 5 2024 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5324 Dec 5 2024 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6488 Dec 5 2024 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10368 Dec 5 2024 [ 2204 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3740 Dec 5 2024 [ 2210 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6900 Dec 5 2024 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1920 Dec 5 2024 [ 2216 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2268 Dec 5 2024 [ 2217 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2632 Dec 5 2024 [ 2219 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 Dec 5 2024 [ 2221 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3560 Dec 5 2024 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9680 Dec 5 2024 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2600 Dec 5 2024 [ 2229 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4936 Dec 5 2024 [ 2231 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2120 Dec 5 2024 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33 Dec 5 2024 [ 2236 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5924 Dec 5 2024 [ 2237 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5548 Dec 5 2024 [ 2240 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6020 Dec 5 2024 [ 2243 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5608 Dec 5 2024 [ 2246 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 21300 Dec 5 2024 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3976 Dec 5 2024 [ 2260 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4212 Dec 5 2024 [ 2262 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 Dec 5 2024 [ 2265 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1444 Dec 5 2024 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7960 Dec 5 2024 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27288 Dec 5 2024 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2080 Dec 5 2024 [ 2286 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1920 Dec 5 2024 [ 2288 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14968 Dec 5 2024 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 40432 Dec 5 2024 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5460 Dec 5 2024 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6480 Dec 5 2024 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 45732 Dec 5 2024 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Jan 7 2026 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 7812 Jan 7 2026 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10572 Jan 7 2026 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1200 Jan 7 2026 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5640 Jan 7 2026 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6028 Jan 7 2026 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1504 Jan 7 2026 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15604 Jan 7 2026 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 Jan 7 2026 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Jan 7 2026 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2936 Jan 7 2026 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4112 Jan 7 2026 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5540 Jan 7 2026 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Jan 7 2026 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6748 Jan 7 2026 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4612 Jan 7 2026 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2184 Jan 7 2026 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3600 Jan 7 2026 [ 1274 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2000 Jan 7 2026 [ 1276 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2624 Jan 7 2026 [ 1277 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 31172 Jan 7 2026 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2276 Jan 7 2026 [ 1295 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19640 Jan 7 2026 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Jan 7 2026 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2816 Jan 7 2026 [ 1309 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3848 Jan 7 2026 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3332 Jan 7 2026 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2440 Jan 7 2026 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1048 Jan 7 2026 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2748 Jan 7 2026 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3396 Jan 7 2026 [ 1320 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2944 Jan 7 2026 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1160 Jan 7 2026 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Jan 7 2026 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 Jan 7 2026 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4580 Jan 7 2026 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3931 Jan 7 2026 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2200 Jan 7 2026 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2588 Jan 7 2026 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2668 Jan 7 2026 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1644 Jan 7 2026 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1548 Jan 7 2026 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 Jan 7 2026 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4892 Jan 7 2026 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14636 Jan 7 2026 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3584 Jan 7 2026 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1680 Jan 7 2026 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Jan 7 2026 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1712 Jan 7 2026 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2144 Jan 7 2026 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2364 Jan 7 2026 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9816 Jan 7 2026 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Jan 7 2026 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5500 Jan 7 2026 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1768 Jan 7 2026 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5292 Jan 7 2026 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1896 Jan 7 2026 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 23616 Jan 7 2026 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7640 Jan 7 2026 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11040 Jan 7 2026 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16124 Jan 7 2026 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5824 Jan 7 2026 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 31094 Jan 7 2026 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 Jan 7 2026 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5968 Jan 7 2026 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1380 Jan 7 2026 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6052 Jan 7 2026 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4612 Jan 7 2026 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6432 Jan 7 2026 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6112 Jan 7 2026 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17096 Jan 7 2026 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13836 Jan 7 2026 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2608 Jan 7 2026 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 219 Jan 7 2026 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2920 Jan 7 2026 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 34144 Jan 7 2026 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1580 Jan 7 2026 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7968 Jan 7 2026 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33524 Jan 7 2026 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16300 Jan 7 2026 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10516 Jan 7 2026 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19080 Jan 7 2026 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2180 Jan 7 2026 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2868 Jan 7 2026 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3020 Jan 7 2026 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3628 Jan 7 2026 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2256 Jan 7 2026 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19272 Jan 7 2026 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8196 Jan 7 2026 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1960 Jan 7 2026 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14764 Jan 7 2026 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17736 Jan 7 2026 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8536 Jan 7 2026 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4320 Jan 7 2026 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7720 Jan 7 2026 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13464 Jan 7 2026 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 36796 Jan 7 2026 [ 1590 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 24500 Jan 7 2026 [ 1608 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25092 Jan 7 2026 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5596 Jan 7 2026 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4800 Jan 7 2026 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 39008 Jan 7 2026 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9868 Jan 7 2026 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2788 Jan 7 2026 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4888 Jan 7 2026 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3736 Jan 7 2026 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8736 Jan 7 2026 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4612 Jan 7 2026 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5156 Jan 7 2026 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6500 Jan 7 2026 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1136 Jan 7 2026 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2584 Jan 7 2026 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3048 Jan 7 2026 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6860 Jan 7 2026 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8088 Jan 7 2026 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2940 Jan 7 2026 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5820 Jan 7 2026 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2452 Jan 7 2026 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2776 Jan 7 2026 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9128 Jan 7 2026 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6108 Jan 7 2026 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7716 Jan 7 2026 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4268 Jan 7 2026 [ 1720 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4964 Jan 7 2026 [ 1723 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1828 Jan 7 2026 [ 1726 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6252 Jan 7 2026 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14392 Jan 7 2026 [ 1731 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 30052 Jan 7 2026 [ 1739 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13500 Jan 7 2026 [ 1754 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5512 Jan 7 2026 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5740 Jan 7 2026 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3040 Jan 7 2026 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3860 Jan 7 2026 [ 1769 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4736 Jan 7 2026 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2232 Jan 7 2026 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1788 Jan 7 2026 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4760 Jan 7 2026 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3924 Jan 7 2026 [ 1780 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14164 Jan 7 2026 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8452 Jan 7 2026 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4812 Jan 7 2026 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3208 Jan 7 2026 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7376 Jan 7 2026 [ 1799 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2016 Jan 7 2026 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2100 Jan 7 2026 [ 1804 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1960 Jan 7 2026 [ 1806 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1880 Jan 7 2026 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1968 Jan 7 2026 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2780 Jan 7 2026 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3500 Jan 7 2026 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3572 Jan 7 2026 [ 1813 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3704 Jan 7 2026 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3844 Jan 7 2026 [ 1817 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3628 Jan 7 2026 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3796 Jan 7 2026 [ 1821 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3716 Jan 7 2026 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8476 Jan 7 2026 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5786 Jan 7 2026 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2618 Jan 7 2026 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2312 Jan 7 2026 [ 1835 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27444 Jan 7 2026 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2392 Jan 7 2026 [ 1851 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1972 Jan 7 2026 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14900 Jan 7 2026 [ 1854 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15928 Jan 7 2026 [ 1862 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4144 Jan 7 2026 [ 1870 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 58416 Jan 7 2026 [ 1873 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2812 Jan 7 2026 [ 1902 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6712 Jan 7 2026 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 114852 Jan 7 2026 [ 1908 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10616 Jan 7 2026 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4236 Jan 7 2026 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2500 Jan 7 2026 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2660 Jan 7 2026 [ 1976 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1440 Jan 7 2026 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10280 Jan 7 2026 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1584 Jan 7 2026 [ 1985 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Jan 7 2026 [ 1986 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2052 Jan 7 2026 [ 1987 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2680 Jan 7 2026 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1708 Jan 7 2026 [ 1991 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1424 Jan 7 2026 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 Jan 7 2026 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2284 Jan 7 2026 [ 1995 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1732 Jan 7 2026 [ 1997 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1436 Jan 7 2026 [ 1998 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1584 Jan 7 2026 [ 1999 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 111 Jan 7 2026 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17 Jan 7 2026 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4628 Jan 7 2026 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1816 Jan 7 2026 [ 2005 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2728 Jan 7 2026 [ 2006 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4800 Jan 7 2026 [ 2008 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1308 Jan 7 2026 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Jan 7 2026 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1316 Jan 7 2026 [ 2014 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2360 Jan 7 2026 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11296 Jan 7 2026 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7172 Jan 7 2026 [ 2023 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6264 Jan 7 2026 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2444 Jan 7 2026 [ 2031 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7980 Jan 7 2026 [ 2033 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1512 Jan 7 2026 [ 2037 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3496 Jan 7 2026 [ 2038 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2256 Jan 7 2026 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2144 Jan 7 2026 [ 2042 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3668 Jan 7 2026 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2604 Jan 7 2026 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Jan 7 2026 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 Jan 7 2026 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3664 Jan 7 2026 [ 2051 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1824 Jan 7 2026 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1672 Jan 7 2026 [ 2054 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1624 Jan 7 2026 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 50880 Jan 7 2026 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8644 Jan 7 2026 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15032 Jan 7 2026 [ 2086 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4064 Jan 7 2026 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4608 Jan 7 2026 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3680 Jan 7 2026 [ 2099 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3128 Jan 7 2026 [ 2101 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3192 Jan 7 2026 [ 2103 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3120 Jan 7 2026 [ 2105 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6992 Jan 7 2026 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9368 Jan 7 2026 [ 2111 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 628 Jan 7 2026 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1616 Jan 7 2026 [ 2117 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5200 Jan 7 2026 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5080 Jan 7 2026 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2420 Jan 7 2026 [ 2124 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6356 Jan 7 2026 [ 2126 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2116 Jan 7 2026 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2308 Jan 7 2026 [ 2132 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5500 Jan 7 2026 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2004 Jan 7 2026 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7080 Jan 7 2026 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2108 Jan 7 2026 [ 2142 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17324 Jan 7 2026 [ 2144 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3168 Jan 7 2026 [ 2153 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 202 Jan 7 2026 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4428 Jan 7 2026 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12208 Jan 7 2026 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5076 Jan 7 2026 [ 2165 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 Jan 7 2026 [ 2168 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2708 Jan 7 2026 [ 2169 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2244 Jan 7 2026 [ 2171 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5264 Jan 7 2026 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4592 Jan 7 2026 [ 2176 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1452 Jan 7 2026 [ 2179 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2320 Jan 7 2026 [ 2180 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1656 Jan 7 2026 [ 2182 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1148 Jan 7 2026 [ 2183 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3552 Jan 7 2026 [ 2184 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8764 Jan 7 2026 [ 2186 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5212 Jan 7 2026 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5648 Jan 7 2026 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5324 Jan 7 2026 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6488 Jan 7 2026 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10368 Jan 7 2026 [ 2204 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3740 Jan 7 2026 [ 2210 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6900 Jan 7 2026 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1920 Jan 7 2026 [ 2216 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2268 Jan 7 2026 [ 2217 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2632 Jan 7 2026 [ 2219 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 Jan 7 2026 [ 2221 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3560 Jan 7 2026 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9680 Jan 7 2026 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2600 Jan 7 2026 [ 2229 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4936 Jan 7 2026 [ 2231 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2120 Jan 7 2026 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33 Jan 7 2026 [ 2236 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5924 Jan 7 2026 [ 2237 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5548 Jan 7 2026 [ 2240 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6020 Jan 7 2026 [ 2243 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5608 Jan 7 2026 [ 2246 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 21300 Jan 7 2026 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3976 Jan 7 2026 [ 2260 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4212 Jan 7 2026 [ 2262 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Jan 7 2026 [ 2265 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1444 Jan 7 2026 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7960 Jan 7 2026 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27288 Jan 7 2026 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2080 Jan 7 2026 [ 2286 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1920 Jan 7 2026 [ 2288 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14968 Jan 7 2026 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 40432 Jan 7 2026 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5460 Jan 7 2026 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6480 Jan 7 2026 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 45732 Jan 7 2026 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Dec 5 2024 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Dec 5 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Jan 7 2026 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Jan 7 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 Dec 5 2024 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 Jan 7 2026 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Dec 5 2024 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7812 Dec 5 2024 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10572 Dec 5 2024 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1200 Dec 5 2024 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5640 Dec 5 2024 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6028 Dec 5 2024 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1504 Dec 5 2024 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15604 Dec 5 2024 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Dec 5 2024 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Dec 5 2024 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2936 Dec 5 2024 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4112 Dec 5 2024 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5540 Dec 5 2024 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Dec 5 2024 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6748 Dec 5 2024 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Dec 5 2024 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2184 Dec 5 2024 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3600 Dec 5 2024 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2000 Dec 5 2024 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2624 Dec 5 2024 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31172 Dec 5 2024 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2276 Dec 5 2024 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19640 Dec 5 2024 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Dec 5 2024 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2816 Dec 5 2024 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3848 Dec 5 2024 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3332 Dec 5 2024 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2440 Dec 5 2024 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Dec 5 2024 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2748 Dec 5 2024 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 Dec 5 2024 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2944 Dec 5 2024 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1160 Dec 5 2024 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Dec 5 2024 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Dec 5 2024 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4580 Dec 5 2024 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 Dec 5 2024 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2200 Dec 5 2024 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2588 Dec 5 2024 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2668 Dec 5 2024 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1644 Dec 5 2024 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1548 Dec 5 2024 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Dec 5 2024 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4892 Dec 5 2024 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14636 Dec 5 2024 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3584 Dec 5 2024 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1680 Dec 5 2024 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Dec 5 2024 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 Dec 5 2024 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Dec 5 2024 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Dec 5 2024 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9816 Dec 5 2024 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Dec 5 2024 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5500 Dec 5 2024 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 Dec 5 2024 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5292 Dec 5 2024 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Dec 5 2024 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23616 Dec 5 2024 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7640 Dec 5 2024 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11040 Dec 5 2024 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16124 Dec 5 2024 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 Dec 5 2024 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31094 Dec 5 2024 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Dec 5 2024 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5968 Dec 5 2024 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Dec 5 2024 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6052 Dec 5 2024 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Dec 5 2024 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6432 Dec 5 2024 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6112 Dec 5 2024 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17096 Dec 5 2024 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13836 Dec 5 2024 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Dec 5 2024 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Dec 5 2024 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2920 Dec 5 2024 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34144 Dec 5 2024 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Dec 5 2024 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7968 Dec 5 2024 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33524 Dec 5 2024 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16300 Dec 5 2024 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10516 Dec 5 2024 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19080 Dec 5 2024 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2180 Dec 5 2024 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2868 Dec 5 2024 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3020 Dec 5 2024 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3628 Dec 5 2024 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2256 Dec 5 2024 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19272 Dec 5 2024 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8196 Dec 5 2024 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1960 Dec 5 2024 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14764 Dec 5 2024 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17736 Dec 5 2024 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8536 Dec 5 2024 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4320 Dec 5 2024 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7720 Dec 5 2024 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13464 Dec 5 2024 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36796 Dec 5 2024 [ 1590 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24500 Dec 5 2024 [ 1608 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25092 Dec 5 2024 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5596 Dec 5 2024 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4800 Dec 5 2024 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 39008 Dec 5 2024 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9868 Dec 5 2024 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2788 Dec 5 2024 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4888 Dec 5 2024 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3736 Dec 5 2024 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8736 Dec 5 2024 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Dec 5 2024 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5156 Dec 5 2024 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6500 Dec 5 2024 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1136 Dec 5 2024 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2584 Dec 5 2024 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3048 Dec 5 2024 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6860 Dec 5 2024 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8088 Dec 5 2024 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2940 Dec 5 2024 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5820 Dec 5 2024 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Dec 5 2024 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2776 Dec 5 2024 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9128 Dec 5 2024 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6108 Dec 5 2024 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7716 Dec 5 2024 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4268 Dec 5 2024 [ 1720 00] json.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4964 Dec 5 2024 [ 1723 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1828 Dec 5 2024 [ 1726 00] keystatus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6252 Dec 5 2024 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14392 Dec 5 2024 [ 1731 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30052 Dec 5 2024 [ 1739 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13500 Dec 5 2024 [ 1754 00] linux.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5512 Dec 5 2024 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5740 Dec 5 2024 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3040 Dec 5 2024 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3860 Dec 5 2024 [ 1769 00] ls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4736 Dec 5 2024 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2232 Dec 5 2024 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1788 Dec 5 2024 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4760 Dec 5 2024 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3924 Dec 5 2024 [ 1780 00] luks.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14164 Dec 5 2024 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8452 Dec 5 2024 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4812 Dec 5 2024 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3208 Dec 5 2024 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7376 Dec 5 2024 [ 1799 00] macho.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2016 Dec 5 2024 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2100 Dec 5 2024 [ 1804 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1960 Dec 5 2024 [ 1806 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1880 Dec 5 2024 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 Dec 5 2024 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2780 Dec 5 2024 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 Dec 5 2024 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3572 Dec 5 2024 [ 1813 00] minix.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3704 Dec 5 2024 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3844 Dec 5 2024 [ 1817 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3628 Dec 5 2024 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3796 Dec 5 2024 [ 1821 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3716 Dec 5 2024 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8476 Dec 5 2024 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5786 Dec 5 2024 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2620 Dec 5 2024 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 Dec 5 2024 [ 1835 00] morse.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27444 Dec 5 2024 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2392 Dec 5 2024 [ 1851 00] msdospart.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1972 Dec 5 2024 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14900 Dec 5 2024 [ 1854 00] multiboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15928 Dec 5 2024 [ 1862 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4144 Dec 5 2024 [ 1870 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 58416 Dec 5 2024 [ 1873 00] net.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2812 Dec 5 2024 [ 1902 00] newc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6712 Dec 5 2024 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 114852 Dec 5 2024 [ 1908 00] normal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10616 Dec 5 2024 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4236 Dec 5 2024 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2500 Dec 5 2024 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2660 Dec 5 2024 [ 1976 00] odc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1440 Dec 5 2024 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10280 Dec 5 2024 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1584 Dec 5 2024 [ 1985 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Dec 5 2024 [ 1986 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Dec 5 2024 [ 1987 00] part_apple.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Dec 5 2024 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1708 Dec 5 2024 [ 1991 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Dec 5 2024 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Dec 5 2024 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Dec 5 2024 [ 1995 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Dec 5 2024 [ 1997 00] part_plan.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1436 Dec 5 2024 [ 1998 00] part_sun.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1584 Dec 5 2024 [ 1999 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 Dec 5 2024 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 Dec 5 2024 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4628 Dec 5 2024 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1816 Dec 5 2024 [ 2005 00] password.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2728 Dec 5 2024 [ 2006 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4800 Dec 5 2024 [ 2008 00] pata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1308 Dec 5 2024 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Dec 5 2024 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 Dec 5 2024 [ 2014 00] pci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2360 Dec 5 2024 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11296 Dec 5 2024 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7172 Dec 5 2024 [ 2023 00] plainmount.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6264 Dec 5 2024 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2444 Dec 5 2024 [ 2031 00] play.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7980 Dec 5 2024 [ 2033 00] png.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1512 Dec 5 2024 [ 2037 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3496 Dec 5 2024 [ 2038 00] probe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2256 Dec 5 2024 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Dec 5 2024 [ 2042 00] progress.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Dec 5 2024 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2604 Dec 5 2024 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 Dec 5 2024 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Dec 5 2024 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3664 Dec 5 2024 [ 2051 00] random.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1824 Dec 5 2024 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1672 Dec 5 2024 [ 2054 00] read.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 Dec 5 2024 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50880 Dec 5 2024 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8644 Dec 5 2024 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15032 Dec 5 2024 [ 2086 00] relocator.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4064 Dec 5 2024 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 Dec 5 2024 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3680 Dec 5 2024 [ 2099 00] search.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 Dec 5 2024 [ 2101 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 Dec 5 2024 [ 2103 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3120 Dec 5 2024 [ 2105 00] search_label.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6992 Dec 5 2024 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9368 Dec 5 2024 [ 2111 00] serial.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 Dec 5 2024 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1616 Dec 5 2024 [ 2117 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5200 Dec 5 2024 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5080 Dec 5 2024 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2420 Dec 5 2024 [ 2124 00] shift_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6356 Dec 5 2024 [ 2126 00] signature_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 Dec 5 2024 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2308 Dec 5 2024 [ 2132 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5500 Dec 5 2024 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2004 Dec 5 2024 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7080 Dec 5 2024 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2108 Dec 5 2024 [ 2142 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17324 Dec 5 2024 [ 2144 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3168 Dec 5 2024 [ 2153 00] tar.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 Dec 5 2024 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4428 Dec 5 2024 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12208 Dec 5 2024 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5076 Dec 5 2024 [ 2165 00] test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 Dec 5 2024 [ 2168 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2708 Dec 5 2024 [ 2169 00] testload.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 Dec 5 2024 [ 2171 00] testspeed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5264 Dec 5 2024 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 Dec 5 2024 [ 2176 00] tga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1452 Dec 5 2024 [ 2179 00] time.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 Dec 5 2024 [ 2180 00] tr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 Dec 5 2024 [ 2182 00] trig.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1148 Dec 5 2024 [ 2183 00] true.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3552 Dec 5 2024 [ 2184 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8764 Dec 5 2024 [ 2186 00] udf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5212 Dec 5 2024 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5648 Dec 5 2024 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5324 Dec 5 2024 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6488 Dec 5 2024 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 Dec 5 2024 [ 2204 00] usb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Dec 5 2024 [ 2210 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6900 Dec 5 2024 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1920 Dec 5 2024 [ 2216 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2268 Dec 5 2024 [ 2217 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 Dec 5 2024 [ 2219 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Dec 5 2024 [ 2221 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 Dec 5 2024 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9680 Dec 5 2024 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2600 Dec 5 2024 [ 2229 00] verifiers.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4936 Dec 5 2024 [ 2231 00] vga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2120 Dec 5 2024 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 Dec 5 2024 [ 2236 00] video.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5924 Dec 5 2024 [ 2237 00] video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 Dec 5 2024 [ 2240 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 Dec 5 2024 [ 2243 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5608 Dec 5 2024 [ 2246 00] video_colors.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21300 Dec 5 2024 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 Dec 5 2024 [ 2260 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4212 Dec 5 2024 [ 2262 00] videotest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Dec 5 2024 [ 2265 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1444 Dec 5 2024 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7960 Dec 5 2024 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27288 Dec 5 2024 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2080 Dec 5 2024 [ 2286 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1920 Dec 5 2024 [ 2288 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14968 Dec 5 2024 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40432 Dec 5 2024 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5460 Dec 5 2024 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6480 Dec 5 2024 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45732 Dec 5 2024 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Jan 7 2026 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7812 Jan 7 2026 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10572 Jan 7 2026 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1200 Jan 7 2026 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5640 Jan 7 2026 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6028 Jan 7 2026 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1504 Jan 7 2026 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15604 Jan 7 2026 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Jan 7 2026 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Jan 7 2026 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2936 Jan 7 2026 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4112 Jan 7 2026 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5540 Jan 7 2026 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Jan 7 2026 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6748 Jan 7 2026 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Jan 7 2026 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2184 Jan 7 2026 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3600 Jan 7 2026 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2000 Jan 7 2026 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2624 Jan 7 2026 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31172 Jan 7 2026 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2276 Jan 7 2026 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19640 Jan 7 2026 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Jan 7 2026 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2816 Jan 7 2026 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3848 Jan 7 2026 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3332 Jan 7 2026 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2440 Jan 7 2026 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Jan 7 2026 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2748 Jan 7 2026 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 Jan 7 2026 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2944 Jan 7 2026 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1160 Jan 7 2026 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Jan 7 2026 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Jan 7 2026 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4580 Jan 7 2026 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 Jan 7 2026 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2200 Jan 7 2026 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2588 Jan 7 2026 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2668 Jan 7 2026 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1644 Jan 7 2026 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1548 Jan 7 2026 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Jan 7 2026 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4892 Jan 7 2026 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14636 Jan 7 2026 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3584 Jan 7 2026 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1680 Jan 7 2026 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Jan 7 2026 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 Jan 7 2026 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Jan 7 2026 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Jan 7 2026 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9816 Jan 7 2026 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Jan 7 2026 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5500 Jan 7 2026 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 Jan 7 2026 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5292 Jan 7 2026 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Jan 7 2026 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23616 Jan 7 2026 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7640 Jan 7 2026 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11040 Jan 7 2026 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16124 Jan 7 2026 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 Jan 7 2026 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31094 Jan 7 2026 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Jan 7 2026 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5968 Jan 7 2026 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Jan 7 2026 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6052 Jan 7 2026 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Jan 7 2026 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6432 Jan 7 2026 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6112 Jan 7 2026 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17096 Jan 7 2026 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13836 Jan 7 2026 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Jan 7 2026 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Jan 7 2026 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2920 Jan 7 2026 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34144 Jan 7 2026 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Jan 7 2026 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7968 Jan 7 2026 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33524 Jan 7 2026 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16300 Jan 7 2026 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10516 Jan 7 2026 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19080 Jan 7 2026 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2180 Jan 7 2026 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2868 Jan 7 2026 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3020 Jan 7 2026 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3628 Jan 7 2026 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2256 Jan 7 2026 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19272 Jan 7 2026 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8196 Jan 7 2026 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1960 Jan 7 2026 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14764 Jan 7 2026 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17736 Jan 7 2026 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8536 Jan 7 2026 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4320 Jan 7 2026 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7720 Jan 7 2026 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13464 Jan 7 2026 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36796 Jan 7 2026 [ 1590 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24500 Jan 7 2026 [ 1608 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25092 Jan 7 2026 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5596 Jan 7 2026 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4800 Jan 7 2026 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 39008 Jan 7 2026 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9868 Jan 7 2026 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2788 Jan 7 2026 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4888 Jan 7 2026 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3736 Jan 7 2026 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8736 Jan 7 2026 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Jan 7 2026 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5156 Jan 7 2026 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6500 Jan 7 2026 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1136 Jan 7 2026 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2584 Jan 7 2026 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3048 Jan 7 2026 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6860 Jan 7 2026 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8088 Jan 7 2026 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2940 Jan 7 2026 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5820 Jan 7 2026 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Jan 7 2026 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2776 Jan 7 2026 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9128 Jan 7 2026 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6108 Jan 7 2026 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7716 Jan 7 2026 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4268 Jan 7 2026 [ 1720 00] json.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4964 Jan 7 2026 [ 1723 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1828 Jan 7 2026 [ 1726 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6252 Jan 7 2026 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14392 Jan 7 2026 [ 1731 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30052 Jan 7 2026 [ 1739 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13500 Jan 7 2026 [ 1754 00] linux.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5512 Jan 7 2026 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5740 Jan 7 2026 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3040 Jan 7 2026 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3860 Jan 7 2026 [ 1769 00] ls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4736 Jan 7 2026 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2232 Jan 7 2026 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1788 Jan 7 2026 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4760 Jan 7 2026 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3924 Jan 7 2026 [ 1780 00] luks.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14164 Jan 7 2026 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8452 Jan 7 2026 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4812 Jan 7 2026 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3208 Jan 7 2026 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7376 Jan 7 2026 [ 1799 00] macho.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2016 Jan 7 2026 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2100 Jan 7 2026 [ 1804 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1960 Jan 7 2026 [ 1806 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1880 Jan 7 2026 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 Jan 7 2026 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2780 Jan 7 2026 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 Jan 7 2026 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3572 Jan 7 2026 [ 1813 00] minix.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3704 Jan 7 2026 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3844 Jan 7 2026 [ 1817 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3628 Jan 7 2026 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3796 Jan 7 2026 [ 1821 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3716 Jan 7 2026 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8476 Jan 7 2026 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5786 Jan 7 2026 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2618 Jan 7 2026 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 Jan 7 2026 [ 1835 00] morse.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27444 Jan 7 2026 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2392 Jan 7 2026 [ 1851 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1972 Jan 7 2026 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14900 Jan 7 2026 [ 1854 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15928 Jan 7 2026 [ 1862 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4144 Jan 7 2026 [ 1870 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 58416 Jan 7 2026 [ 1873 00] net.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2812 Jan 7 2026 [ 1902 00] newc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6712 Jan 7 2026 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 114852 Jan 7 2026 [ 1908 00] normal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10616 Jan 7 2026 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4236 Jan 7 2026 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2500 Jan 7 2026 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2660 Jan 7 2026 [ 1976 00] odc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1440 Jan 7 2026 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10280 Jan 7 2026 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1584 Jan 7 2026 [ 1985 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Jan 7 2026 [ 1986 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Jan 7 2026 [ 1987 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Jan 7 2026 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1708 Jan 7 2026 [ 1991 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Jan 7 2026 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Jan 7 2026 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Jan 7 2026 [ 1995 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Jan 7 2026 [ 1997 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1436 Jan 7 2026 [ 1998 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1584 Jan 7 2026 [ 1999 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 Jan 7 2026 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 Jan 7 2026 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4628 Jan 7 2026 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1816 Jan 7 2026 [ 2005 00] password.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2728 Jan 7 2026 [ 2006 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4800 Jan 7 2026 [ 2008 00] pata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1308 Jan 7 2026 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Jan 7 2026 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 Jan 7 2026 [ 2014 00] pci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2360 Jan 7 2026 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11296 Jan 7 2026 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7172 Jan 7 2026 [ 2023 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6264 Jan 7 2026 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2444 Jan 7 2026 [ 2031 00] play.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7980 Jan 7 2026 [ 2033 00] png.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1512 Jan 7 2026 [ 2037 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3496 Jan 7 2026 [ 2038 00] probe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2256 Jan 7 2026 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Jan 7 2026 [ 2042 00] progress.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Jan 7 2026 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2604 Jan 7 2026 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 Jan 7 2026 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Jan 7 2026 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3664 Jan 7 2026 [ 2051 00] random.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1824 Jan 7 2026 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1672 Jan 7 2026 [ 2054 00] read.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 Jan 7 2026 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50880 Jan 7 2026 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8644 Jan 7 2026 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15032 Jan 7 2026 [ 2086 00] relocator.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4064 Jan 7 2026 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 Jan 7 2026 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3680 Jan 7 2026 [ 2099 00] search.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 Jan 7 2026 [ 2101 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 Jan 7 2026 [ 2103 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3120 Jan 7 2026 [ 2105 00] search_label.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6992 Jan 7 2026 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9368 Jan 7 2026 [ 2111 00] serial.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 Jan 7 2026 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1616 Jan 7 2026 [ 2117 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5200 Jan 7 2026 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5080 Jan 7 2026 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2420 Jan 7 2026 [ 2124 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6356 Jan 7 2026 [ 2126 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 Jan 7 2026 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2308 Jan 7 2026 [ 2132 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5500 Jan 7 2026 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2004 Jan 7 2026 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7080 Jan 7 2026 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2108 Jan 7 2026 [ 2142 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17324 Jan 7 2026 [ 2144 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3168 Jan 7 2026 [ 2153 00] tar.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 Jan 7 2026 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4428 Jan 7 2026 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12208 Jan 7 2026 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5076 Jan 7 2026 [ 2165 00] test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 Jan 7 2026 [ 2168 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2708 Jan 7 2026 [ 2169 00] testload.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 Jan 7 2026 [ 2171 00] testspeed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5264 Jan 7 2026 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 Jan 7 2026 [ 2176 00] tga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1452 Jan 7 2026 [ 2179 00] time.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 Jan 7 2026 [ 2180 00] tr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 Jan 7 2026 [ 2182 00] trig.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1148 Jan 7 2026 [ 2183 00] true.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3552 Jan 7 2026 [ 2184 00] truecrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8764 Jan 7 2026 [ 2186 00] udf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5212 Jan 7 2026 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5648 Jan 7 2026 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5324 Jan 7 2026 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6488 Jan 7 2026 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 Jan 7 2026 [ 2204 00] usb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Jan 7 2026 [ 2210 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6900 Jan 7 2026 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1920 Jan 7 2026 [ 2216 00] usbserial_common.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2268 Jan 7 2026 [ 2217 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 Jan 7 2026 [ 2219 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Jan 7 2026 [ 2221 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 Jan 7 2026 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9680 Jan 7 2026 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2600 Jan 7 2026 [ 2229 00] verifiers.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4936 Jan 7 2026 [ 2231 00] vga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2120 Jan 7 2026 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 Jan 7 2026 [ 2236 00] video.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5924 Jan 7 2026 [ 2237 00] video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 Jan 7 2026 [ 2240 00] video_bochs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 Jan 7 2026 [ 2243 00] video_cirrus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5608 Jan 7 2026 [ 2246 00] video_colors.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21300 Jan 7 2026 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 Jan 7 2026 [ 2260 00] videoinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4212 Jan 7 2026 [ 2262 00] videotest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Jan 7 2026 [ 2265 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1444 Jan 7 2026 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7960 Jan 7 2026 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27288 Jan 7 2026 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2080 Jan 7 2026 [ 2286 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1920 Jan 7 2026 [ 2288 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14968 Jan 7 2026 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40432 Jan 7 2026 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5460 Jan 7 2026 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6480 Jan 7 2026 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45732 Jan 7 2026 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod 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boot/grub/i386-pc/pcidump.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11296 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pgp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7172 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/plainmount.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6264 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/plan9.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2444 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/play.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7980 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/png.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1512 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/priority_queue.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3496 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/probe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2256 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/procfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/progress.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pxe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2604 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pxechain.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 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boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5500 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/smbios.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2004 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/spkmodem.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7080 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/squash4.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2108 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/strtoull_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17324 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/syslinuxcfg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3168 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tar.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4428 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12208 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5076 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test_blockarg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2708 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testload.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testspeed.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5264 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tftp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1452 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/time.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/trig.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1148 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/true.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3552 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/truecrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8764 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/udf.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5212 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5648 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1_be.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5324 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs2.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6488 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/uhci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb_keyboard.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6900 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbms.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1920 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_common.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2268 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_ftdi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_pl2303.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_usbdebug.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbtest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9680 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vbe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2600 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4936 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2120 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5924 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5608 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21300 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4212 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1444 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7960 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27288 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2080 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1920 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14968 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40432 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5460 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6480 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45732 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 Dec 5 2024 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Dec 5 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Jan 7 2026 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Jan 7 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Dec 5 2024 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 3588 Dec 5 2024 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4348 Dec 5 2024 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 552 Dec 5 2024 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2672 Dec 5 2024 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3192 Dec 5 2024 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 836 Dec 5 2024 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5060 Dec 5 2024 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 240 Dec 5 2024 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 500 Dec 5 2024 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 Dec 5 2024 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2028 Dec 5 2024 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2708 Dec 5 2024 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 756 Dec 5 2024 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3612 Dec 5 2024 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2532 Dec 5 2024 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 Dec 5 2024 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2028 Dec 5 2024 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1080 Dec 5 2024 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1184 Dec 5 2024 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12544 Dec 5 2024 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1064 Dec 5 2024 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9124 Dec 5 2024 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1108 Dec 5 2024 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1360 Dec 5 2024 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1852 Dec 5 2024 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1176 Dec 5 2024 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Dec 5 2024 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 540 Dec 5 2024 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1116 Dec 5 2024 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1576 Dec 5 2024 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 Dec 5 2024 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 564 Dec 5 2024 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 856 Dec 5 2024 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1012 Dec 5 2024 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1788 Dec 5 2024 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1476 Dec 5 2024 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 844 Dec 5 2024 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1256 Dec 5 2024 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1300 Dec 5 2024 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 720 Dec 5 2024 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 784 Dec 5 2024 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 420 Dec 5 2024 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2320 Dec 5 2024 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6768 Dec 5 2024 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1476 Dec 5 2024 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 816 Dec 5 2024 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1024 Dec 5 2024 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 716 Dec 5 2024 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1096 Dec 5 2024 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1304 Dec 5 2024 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5280 Dec 5 2024 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 508 Dec 5 2024 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2236 Dec 5 2024 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 844 Dec 5 2024 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2420 Dec 5 2024 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 888 Dec 5 2024 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9396 Dec 5 2024 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3204 Dec 5 2024 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3752 Dec 5 2024 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6056 Dec 5 2024 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2472 Dec 5 2024 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 48540 Dec 5 2024 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 656 Dec 5 2024 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3376 Dec 5 2024 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 556 Dec 5 2024 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3200 Dec 5 2024 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2436 Dec 5 2024 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3396 Dec 5 2024 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3576 Dec 5 2024 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5876 Dec 5 2024 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6588 Dec 5 2024 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1160 Dec 5 2024 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 208 Dec 5 2024 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 Dec 5 2024 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8464 Dec 5 2024 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 792 Dec 5 2024 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5512 Dec 5 2024 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8432 Dec 5 2024 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10644 Dec 5 2024 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8612 Dec 5 2024 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4084 Dec 5 2024 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 944 Dec 5 2024 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1512 Dec 5 2024 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1436 Dec 5 2024 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1824 Dec 5 2024 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1308 Dec 5 2024 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7576 Dec 5 2024 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2744 Dec 5 2024 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 892 Dec 5 2024 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4504 Dec 5 2024 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5340 Dec 5 2024 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3160 Dec 5 2024 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2088 Dec 5 2024 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2960 Dec 5 2024 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10692 Dec 5 2024 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9828 Dec 5 2024 [ 251 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6060 Dec 5 2024 [ 256 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3776 Dec 5 2024 [ 259 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2552 Dec 5 2024 [ 261 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2124 Dec 5 2024 [ 263 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15580 Dec 5 2024 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3884 Dec 5 2024 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Dec 5 2024 [ 275 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1860 Dec 5 2024 [ 276 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 Dec 5 2024 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4504 Dec 5 2024 [ 278 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2192 Dec 5 2024 [ 281 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2140 Dec 5 2024 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2888 Dec 5 2024 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 492 Dec 5 2024 [ 287 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1260 Dec 5 2024 [ 288 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1448 Dec 5 2024 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3736 Dec 5 2024 [ 290 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4136 Dec 5 2024 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1524 Dec 5 2024 [ 295 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2732 Dec 5 2024 [ 296 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1168 Dec 5 2024 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1124 Dec 5 2024 [ 299 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4704 Dec 5 2024 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3324 Dec 5 2024 [ 303 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3968 Dec 5 2024 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2532 Dec 5 2024 [ 307 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1404 Dec 5 2024 [ 309 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 768 Dec 5 2024 [ 310 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2904 Dec 5 2024 [ 311 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 908 Dec 5 2024 [ 313 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11080 Dec 5 2024 [ 314 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6148 Dec 5 2024 [ 320 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2616 Dec 5 2024 [ 324 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2820 Dec 5 2024 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1368 Dec 5 2024 [ 328 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1676 Dec 5 2024 [ 329 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2068 Dec 5 2024 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 Dec 5 2024 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 808 Dec 5 2024 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1776 Dec 5 2024 [ 334 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1828 Dec 5 2024 [ 335 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5932 Dec 5 2024 [ 336 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3940 Dec 5 2024 [ 339 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2720 Dec 5 2024 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1596 Dec 5 2024 [ 343 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3240 Dec 5 2024 [ 344 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 Dec 5 2024 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 940 Dec 5 2024 [ 347 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 968 Dec 5 2024 [ 348 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 Dec 5 2024 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 900 Dec 5 2024 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Dec 5 2024 [ 351 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1540 Dec 5 2024 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2004 Dec 5 2024 [ 353 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2100 Dec 5 2024 [ 354 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2164 Dec 5 2024 [ 356 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2044 Dec 5 2024 [ 358 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2120 Dec 5 2024 [ 359 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2076 Dec 5 2024 [ 361 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4136 Dec 5 2024 [ 363 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 Dec 5 2024 [ 366 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 Dec 5 2024 [ 368 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 712 Dec 5 2024 [ 369 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12556 Dec 5 2024 [ 370 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1080 Dec 5 2024 [ 377 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 948 Dec 5 2024 [ 378 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6700 Dec 5 2024 [ 379 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7076 Dec 5 2024 [ 383 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 Dec 5 2024 [ 387 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25224 Dec 5 2024 [ 388 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1384 Dec 5 2024 [ 401 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3360 Dec 5 2024 [ 402 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 44896 Dec 5 2024 [ 404 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5776 Dec 5 2024 [ 426 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 Dec 5 2024 [ 429 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1076 Dec 5 2024 [ 431 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1300 Dec 5 2024 [ 432 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 692 Dec 5 2024 [ 433 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4452 Dec 5 2024 [ 434 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 816 Dec 5 2024 [ 437 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 900 Dec 5 2024 [ 438 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Dec 5 2024 [ 439 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1276 Dec 5 2024 [ 440 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 864 Dec 5 2024 [ 441 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 708 Dec 5 2024 [ 442 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 Dec 5 2024 [ 443 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1204 Dec 5 2024 [ 444 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 Dec 5 2024 [ 445 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 732 Dec 5 2024 [ 446 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 776 Dec 5 2024 [ 447 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 120 Dec 5 2024 [ 448 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 72 Dec 5 2024 [ 449 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2084 Dec 5 2024 [ 450 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 832 Dec 5 2024 [ 452 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1304 Dec 5 2024 [ 453 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2336 Dec 5 2024 [ 454 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 684 Dec 5 2024 [ 456 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 928 Dec 5 2024 [ 457 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 720 Dec 5 2024 [ 458 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1124 Dec 5 2024 [ 459 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4736 Dec 5 2024 [ 460 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3088 Dec 5 2024 [ 463 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3028 Dec 5 2024 [ 465 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1224 Dec 5 2024 [ 467 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4108 Dec 5 2024 [ 468 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 800 Dec 5 2024 [ 471 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1476 Dec 5 2024 [ 472 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Dec 5 2024 [ 473 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 Dec 5 2024 [ 474 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1552 Dec 5 2024 [ 475 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1136 Dec 5 2024 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 700 Dec 5 2024 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1228 Dec 5 2024 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1752 Dec 5 2024 [ 479 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 848 Dec 5 2024 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 732 Dec 5 2024 [ 481 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 740 Dec 5 2024 [ 482 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27028 Dec 5 2024 [ 483 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4276 Dec 5 2024 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6708 Dec 5 2024 [ 500 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2160 Dec 5 2024 [ 504 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2284 Dec 5 2024 [ 506 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1432 Dec 5 2024 [ 508 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1516 Dec 5 2024 [ 509 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1616 Dec 5 2024 [ 510 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1524 Dec 5 2024 [ 511 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2560 Dec 5 2024 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3960 Dec 5 2024 [ 514 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 304 Dec 5 2024 [ 516 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 676 Dec 5 2024 [ 517 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2216 Dec 5 2024 [ 518 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2596 Dec 5 2024 [ 520 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Dec 5 2024 [ 522 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4272 Dec 5 2024 [ 523 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 Dec 5 2024 [ 526 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 Dec 5 2024 [ 527 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2340 Dec 5 2024 [ 528 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 804 Dec 5 2024 [ 530 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3752 Dec 5 2024 [ 531 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 912 Dec 5 2024 [ 533 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7188 Dec 5 2024 [ 534 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1544 Dec 5 2024 [ 538 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 168 Dec 5 2024 [ 539 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 Dec 5 2024 [ 540 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5156 Dec 5 2024 [ 541 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2224 Dec 5 2024 [ 544 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 580 Dec 5 2024 [ 546 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1252 Dec 5 2024 [ 547 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1020 Dec 5 2024 [ 548 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2288 Dec 5 2024 [ 549 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1804 Dec 5 2024 [ 551 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 684 Dec 5 2024 [ 552 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1080 Dec 5 2024 [ 553 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 788 Dec 5 2024 [ 554 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 500 Dec 5 2024 [ 555 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1556 Dec 5 2024 [ 556 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4536 Dec 5 2024 [ 557 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2620 Dec 5 2024 [ 560 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2836 Dec 5 2024 [ 562 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2716 Dec 5 2024 [ 564 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2972 Dec 5 2024 [ 566 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5164 Dec 5 2024 [ 568 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 Dec 5 2024 [ 571 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2816 Dec 5 2024 [ 572 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 960 Dec 5 2024 [ 574 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1008 Dec 5 2024 [ 575 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1060 Dec 5 2024 [ 576 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 620 Dec 5 2024 [ 577 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1788 Dec 5 2024 [ 578 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4104 Dec 5 2024 [ 579 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 Dec 5 2024 [ 582 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1892 Dec 5 2024 [ 583 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1016 Dec 5 2024 [ 584 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 88 Dec 5 2024 [ 585 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2304 Dec 5 2024 [ 586 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 Dec 5 2024 [ 588 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2328 Dec 5 2024 [ 590 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2284 Dec 5 2024 [ 592 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9368 Dec 5 2024 [ 594 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1704 Dec 5 2024 [ 599 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1652 Dec 5 2024 [ 600 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 888 Dec 5 2024 [ 601 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 728 Dec 5 2024 [ 602 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4000 Dec 5 2024 [ 603 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11316 Dec 5 2024 [ 605 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 972 Dec 5 2024 [ 611 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 Dec 5 2024 [ 612 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8084 Dec 5 2024 [ 613 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 18996 Dec 5 2024 [ 617 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2724 Dec 5 2024 [ 627 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2540 Dec 5 2024 [ 629 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19324 Dec 5 2024 [ 631 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Jan 7 2026 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 3588 Jan 7 2026 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4348 Jan 7 2026 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 552 Jan 7 2026 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2672 Jan 7 2026 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3192 Jan 7 2026 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 836 Jan 7 2026 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5060 Jan 7 2026 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 240 Jan 7 2026 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 500 Jan 7 2026 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Jan 7 2026 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2028 Jan 7 2026 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2708 Jan 7 2026 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 756 Jan 7 2026 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3612 Jan 7 2026 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2532 Jan 7 2026 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Jan 7 2026 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2028 Jan 7 2026 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1080 Jan 7 2026 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1184 Jan 7 2026 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12544 Jan 7 2026 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1064 Jan 7 2026 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9124 Jan 7 2026 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1108 Jan 7 2026 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1360 Jan 7 2026 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1852 Jan 7 2026 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1176 Jan 7 2026 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Jan 7 2026 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 540 Jan 7 2026 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1116 Jan 7 2026 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Jan 7 2026 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Jan 7 2026 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 564 Jan 7 2026 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 856 Jan 7 2026 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1012 Jan 7 2026 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1788 Jan 7 2026 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1476 Jan 7 2026 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 844 Jan 7 2026 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1256 Jan 7 2026 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1300 Jan 7 2026 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 720 Jan 7 2026 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 784 Jan 7 2026 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 420 Jan 7 2026 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2320 Jan 7 2026 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6768 Jan 7 2026 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1476 Jan 7 2026 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 816 Jan 7 2026 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1024 Jan 7 2026 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 716 Jan 7 2026 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1096 Jan 7 2026 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1304 Jan 7 2026 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5280 Jan 7 2026 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 508 Jan 7 2026 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2236 Jan 7 2026 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 844 Jan 7 2026 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2420 Jan 7 2026 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 888 Jan 7 2026 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9396 Jan 7 2026 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3204 Jan 7 2026 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3752 Jan 7 2026 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6056 Jan 7 2026 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2472 Jan 7 2026 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 48540 Jan 7 2026 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 656 Jan 7 2026 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3376 Jan 7 2026 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 556 Jan 7 2026 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3200 Jan 7 2026 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2436 Jan 7 2026 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3396 Jan 7 2026 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3576 Jan 7 2026 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5876 Jan 7 2026 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6588 Jan 7 2026 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1160 Jan 7 2026 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 208 Jan 7 2026 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Jan 7 2026 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8464 Jan 7 2026 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 792 Jan 7 2026 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5512 Jan 7 2026 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8432 Jan 7 2026 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10644 Jan 7 2026 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8612 Jan 7 2026 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4084 Jan 7 2026 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 944 Jan 7 2026 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1512 Jan 7 2026 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1436 Jan 7 2026 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1824 Jan 7 2026 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1308 Jan 7 2026 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7576 Jan 7 2026 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2744 Jan 7 2026 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 892 Jan 7 2026 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4504 Jan 7 2026 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5340 Jan 7 2026 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3160 Jan 7 2026 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Jan 7 2026 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2960 Jan 7 2026 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10692 Jan 7 2026 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9828 Jan 7 2026 [ 251 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6060 Jan 7 2026 [ 256 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3776 Jan 7 2026 [ 259 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2552 Jan 7 2026 [ 261 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2124 Jan 7 2026 [ 263 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15580 Jan 7 2026 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3884 Jan 7 2026 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Jan 7 2026 [ 275 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1860 Jan 7 2026 [ 276 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Jan 7 2026 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4504 Jan 7 2026 [ 278 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2192 Jan 7 2026 [ 281 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2140 Jan 7 2026 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2888 Jan 7 2026 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 Jan 7 2026 [ 287 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1260 Jan 7 2026 [ 288 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1448 Jan 7 2026 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3736 Jan 7 2026 [ 290 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4136 Jan 7 2026 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1524 Jan 7 2026 [ 295 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2732 Jan 7 2026 [ 296 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1168 Jan 7 2026 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1124 Jan 7 2026 [ 299 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4704 Jan 7 2026 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3324 Jan 7 2026 [ 303 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3968 Jan 7 2026 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2532 Jan 7 2026 [ 307 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1404 Jan 7 2026 [ 309 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 768 Jan 7 2026 [ 310 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2904 Jan 7 2026 [ 311 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 908 Jan 7 2026 [ 313 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11080 Jan 7 2026 [ 314 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6148 Jan 7 2026 [ 320 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2616 Jan 7 2026 [ 324 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2820 Jan 7 2026 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 Jan 7 2026 [ 328 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1676 Jan 7 2026 [ 329 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2068 Jan 7 2026 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 Jan 7 2026 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 808 Jan 7 2026 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1776 Jan 7 2026 [ 334 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1828 Jan 7 2026 [ 335 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5932 Jan 7 2026 [ 336 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3940 Jan 7 2026 [ 339 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2720 Jan 7 2026 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1596 Jan 7 2026 [ 343 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3240 Jan 7 2026 [ 344 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 Jan 7 2026 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 940 Jan 7 2026 [ 347 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 968 Jan 7 2026 [ 348 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 Jan 7 2026 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 900 Jan 7 2026 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Jan 7 2026 [ 351 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1540 Jan 7 2026 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2004 Jan 7 2026 [ 353 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2100 Jan 7 2026 [ 354 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2164 Jan 7 2026 [ 356 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2044 Jan 7 2026 [ 358 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2120 Jan 7 2026 [ 359 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2076 Jan 7 2026 [ 361 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4136 Jan 7 2026 [ 363 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Jan 7 2026 [ 366 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Jan 7 2026 [ 368 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 712 Jan 7 2026 [ 369 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12556 Jan 7 2026 [ 370 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1080 Jan 7 2026 [ 377 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 948 Jan 7 2026 [ 378 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6700 Jan 7 2026 [ 379 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7076 Jan 7 2026 [ 383 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Jan 7 2026 [ 387 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25224 Jan 7 2026 [ 388 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1384 Jan 7 2026 [ 401 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3360 Jan 7 2026 [ 402 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 44896 Jan 7 2026 [ 404 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5776 Jan 7 2026 [ 426 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 Jan 7 2026 [ 429 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1076 Jan 7 2026 [ 431 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1300 Jan 7 2026 [ 432 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 692 Jan 7 2026 [ 433 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4452 Jan 7 2026 [ 434 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 816 Jan 7 2026 [ 437 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 900 Jan 7 2026 [ 438 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Jan 7 2026 [ 439 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1276 Jan 7 2026 [ 440 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 864 Jan 7 2026 [ 441 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 708 Jan 7 2026 [ 442 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Jan 7 2026 [ 443 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1204 Jan 7 2026 [ 444 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Jan 7 2026 [ 445 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 732 Jan 7 2026 [ 446 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 776 Jan 7 2026 [ 447 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 120 Jan 7 2026 [ 448 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 72 Jan 7 2026 [ 449 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2084 Jan 7 2026 [ 450 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 832 Jan 7 2026 [ 452 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1304 Jan 7 2026 [ 453 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2336 Jan 7 2026 [ 454 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 684 Jan 7 2026 [ 456 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 928 Jan 7 2026 [ 457 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 720 Jan 7 2026 [ 458 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1124 Jan 7 2026 [ 459 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4736 Jan 7 2026 [ 460 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3088 Jan 7 2026 [ 463 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3028 Jan 7 2026 [ 465 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1224 Jan 7 2026 [ 467 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4108 Jan 7 2026 [ 468 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 800 Jan 7 2026 [ 471 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1476 Jan 7 2026 [ 472 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Jan 7 2026 [ 473 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Jan 7 2026 [ 474 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1552 Jan 7 2026 [ 475 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1136 Jan 7 2026 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 700 Jan 7 2026 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1228 Jan 7 2026 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1752 Jan 7 2026 [ 479 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 848 Jan 7 2026 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 732 Jan 7 2026 [ 481 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 740 Jan 7 2026 [ 482 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27028 Jan 7 2026 [ 483 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4276 Jan 7 2026 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6708 Jan 7 2026 [ 500 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2160 Jan 7 2026 [ 504 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2284 Jan 7 2026 [ 506 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1432 Jan 7 2026 [ 508 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1516 Jan 7 2026 [ 509 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1616 Jan 7 2026 [ 510 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1524 Jan 7 2026 [ 511 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2560 Jan 7 2026 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3960 Jan 7 2026 [ 514 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 304 Jan 7 2026 [ 516 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 676 Jan 7 2026 [ 517 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2216 Jan 7 2026 [ 518 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2596 Jan 7 2026 [ 520 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Jan 7 2026 [ 522 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4272 Jan 7 2026 [ 523 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 Jan 7 2026 [ 526 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Jan 7 2026 [ 527 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2340 Jan 7 2026 [ 528 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 804 Jan 7 2026 [ 530 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3752 Jan 7 2026 [ 531 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 912 Jan 7 2026 [ 533 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7188 Jan 7 2026 [ 534 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1544 Jan 7 2026 [ 538 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 168 Jan 7 2026 [ 539 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Jan 7 2026 [ 540 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5156 Jan 7 2026 [ 541 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2224 Jan 7 2026 [ 544 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 580 Jan 7 2026 [ 546 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1252 Jan 7 2026 [ 547 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1020 Jan 7 2026 [ 548 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2288 Jan 7 2026 [ 549 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1804 Jan 7 2026 [ 551 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 684 Jan 7 2026 [ 552 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1080 Jan 7 2026 [ 553 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 788 Jan 7 2026 [ 554 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 500 Jan 7 2026 [ 555 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1556 Jan 7 2026 [ 556 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4536 Jan 7 2026 [ 557 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2620 Jan 7 2026 [ 560 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2836 Jan 7 2026 [ 562 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2716 Jan 7 2026 [ 564 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2972 Jan 7 2026 [ 566 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5164 Jan 7 2026 [ 568 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Jan 7 2026 [ 571 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2816 Jan 7 2026 [ 572 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 960 Jan 7 2026 [ 574 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1008 Jan 7 2026 [ 575 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1060 Jan 7 2026 [ 576 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 620 Jan 7 2026 [ 577 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1788 Jan 7 2026 [ 578 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4104 Jan 7 2026 [ 579 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Jan 7 2026 [ 582 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1892 Jan 7 2026 [ 583 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1016 Jan 7 2026 [ 584 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 88 Jan 7 2026 [ 585 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2304 Jan 7 2026 [ 586 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Jan 7 2026 [ 588 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2328 Jan 7 2026 [ 590 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2284 Jan 7 2026 [ 592 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9368 Jan 7 2026 [ 594 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1704 Jan 7 2026 [ 599 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1652 Jan 7 2026 [ 600 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 888 Jan 7 2026 [ 601 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 728 Jan 7 2026 [ 602 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4000 Jan 7 2026 [ 603 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11316 Jan 7 2026 [ 605 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 972 Jan 7 2026 [ 611 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Jan 7 2026 [ 612 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8084 Jan 7 2026 [ 613 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 18996 Jan 7 2026 [ 617 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2724 Jan 7 2026 [ 627 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2540 Jan 7 2026 [ 629 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19324 Jan 7 2026 [ 631 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Dec 5 2024 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Dec 5 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Jan 7 2026 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Jan 7 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Dec 5 2024 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3588 Dec 5 2024 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4348 Dec 5 2024 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 552 Dec 5 2024 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2672 Dec 5 2024 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3192 Dec 5 2024 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Dec 5 2024 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5060 Dec 5 2024 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 240 Dec 5 2024 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Dec 5 2024 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1588 Dec 5 2024 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2028 Dec 5 2024 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 Dec 5 2024 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 756 Dec 5 2024 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3612 Dec 5 2024 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Dec 5 2024 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Dec 5 2024 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2028 Dec 5 2024 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Dec 5 2024 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 Dec 5 2024 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12544 Dec 5 2024 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 Dec 5 2024 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9124 Dec 5 2024 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 Dec 5 2024 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1360 Dec 5 2024 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1852 Dec 5 2024 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1176 Dec 5 2024 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Dec 5 2024 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 540 Dec 5 2024 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1116 Dec 5 2024 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1576 Dec 5 2024 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Dec 5 2024 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 564 Dec 5 2024 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 856 Dec 5 2024 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1012 Dec 5 2024 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 Dec 5 2024 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 Dec 5 2024 [ 105 00] command.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Dec 5 2024 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1256 Dec 5 2024 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Dec 5 2024 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 720 Dec 5 2024 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 784 Dec 5 2024 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 420 Dec 5 2024 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 Dec 5 2024 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6768 Dec 5 2024 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 Dec 5 2024 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Dec 5 2024 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 Dec 5 2024 [ 120 00] date.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Dec 5 2024 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1096 Dec 5 2024 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 Dec 5 2024 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5280 Dec 5 2024 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 508 Dec 5 2024 [ 127 00] div.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2236 Dec 5 2024 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Dec 5 2024 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2420 Dec 5 2024 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Dec 5 2024 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9396 Dec 5 2024 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3204 Dec 5 2024 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3752 Dec 5 2024 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Dec 5 2024 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2472 Dec 5 2024 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 48540 Dec 5 2024 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 656 Dec 5 2024 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3376 Dec 5 2024 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 556 Dec 5 2024 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3200 Dec 5 2024 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 Dec 5 2024 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3396 Dec 5 2024 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3576 Dec 5 2024 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5876 Dec 5 2024 [ 184 00] file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6588 Dec 5 2024 [ 187 00] font.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 Dec 5 2024 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 208 Dec 5 2024 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Dec 5 2024 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8464 Dec 5 2024 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 792 Dec 5 2024 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5512 Dec 5 2024 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8432 Dec 5 2024 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10644 Dec 5 2024 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8612 Dec 5 2024 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4084 Dec 5 2024 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 944 Dec 5 2024 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1512 Dec 5 2024 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1436 Dec 5 2024 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1824 Dec 5 2024 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Dec 5 2024 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7576 Dec 5 2024 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2744 Dec 5 2024 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Dec 5 2024 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4504 Dec 5 2024 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5340 Dec 5 2024 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3160 Dec 5 2024 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 Dec 5 2024 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2960 Dec 5 2024 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10692 Dec 5 2024 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9828 Dec 5 2024 [ 251 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6060 Dec 5 2024 [ 256 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3776 Dec 5 2024 [ 259 00] gdb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2552 Dec 5 2024 [ 261 00] geli.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 Dec 5 2024 [ 263 00] gettext.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15580 Dec 5 2024 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3884 Dec 5 2024 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Dec 5 2024 [ 275 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1860 Dec 5 2024 [ 276 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1812 Dec 5 2024 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4504 Dec 5 2024 [ 278 00] gzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2192 Dec 5 2024 [ 281 00] halt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2140 Dec 5 2024 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2888 Dec 5 2024 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 492 Dec 5 2024 [ 287 00] hello.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1260 Dec 5 2024 [ 288 00] help.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1448 Dec 5 2024 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3736 Dec 5 2024 [ 290 00] hfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 Dec 5 2024 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1524 Dec 5 2024 [ 295 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Dec 5 2024 [ 296 00] http.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 Dec 5 2024 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Dec 5 2024 [ 299 00] iorw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4704 Dec 5 2024 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3324 Dec 5 2024 [ 303 00] jfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3968 Dec 5 2024 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Dec 5 2024 [ 307 00] json.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1404 Dec 5 2024 [ 309 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 768 Dec 5 2024 [ 310 00] keystatus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2904 Dec 5 2024 [ 311 00] ldm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Dec 5 2024 [ 313 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11080 Dec 5 2024 [ 314 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6148 Dec 5 2024 [ 320 00] linux.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2616 Dec 5 2024 [ 324 00] linux16.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2820 Dec 5 2024 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1368 Dec 5 2024 [ 328 00] loopback.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1676 Dec 5 2024 [ 329 00] ls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 Dec 5 2024 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Dec 5 2024 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 Dec 5 2024 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1776 Dec 5 2024 [ 334 00] lspci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 Dec 5 2024 [ 335 00] luks.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5932 Dec 5 2024 [ 336 00] luks2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3940 Dec 5 2024 [ 339 00] lvm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2720 Dec 5 2024 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1596 Dec 5 2024 [ 343 00] macbless.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3240 Dec 5 2024 [ 344 00] macho.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Dec 5 2024 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 940 Dec 5 2024 [ 347 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 968 Dec 5 2024 [ 348 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Dec 5 2024 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 Dec 5 2024 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Dec 5 2024 [ 351 00] memrw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1540 Dec 5 2024 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2004 Dec 5 2024 [ 353 00] minix.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2100 Dec 5 2024 [ 354 00] minix2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2164 Dec 5 2024 [ 356 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2044 Dec 5 2024 [ 358 00] minix3.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2120 Dec 5 2024 [ 359 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2076 Dec 5 2024 [ 361 00] minix_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 Dec 5 2024 [ 363 00] mmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Dec 5 2024 [ 366 00] moddep.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Dec 5 2024 [ 368 00] modinfo.sh \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 712 Dec 5 2024 [ 369 00] morse.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12556 Dec 5 2024 [ 370 00] mpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Dec 5 2024 [ 377 00] msdospart.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 948 Dec 5 2024 [ 378 00] mul_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6700 Dec 5 2024 [ 379 00] multiboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7076 Dec 5 2024 [ 383 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1924 Dec 5 2024 [ 387 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25224 Dec 5 2024 [ 388 00] net.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1384 Dec 5 2024 [ 401 00] newc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3360 Dec 5 2024 [ 402 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44896 Dec 5 2024 [ 404 00] normal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5776 Dec 5 2024 [ 426 00] ntfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2448 Dec 5 2024 [ 429 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 Dec 5 2024 [ 431 00] ntldr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Dec 5 2024 [ 432 00] odc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 692 Dec 5 2024 [ 433 00] offsetio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4452 Dec 5 2024 [ 434 00] ohci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Dec 5 2024 [ 437 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 Dec 5 2024 [ 438 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Dec 5 2024 [ 439 00] part_apple.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1276 Dec 5 2024 [ 440 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 864 Dec 5 2024 [ 441 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Dec 5 2024 [ 442 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Dec 5 2024 [ 443 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1204 Dec 5 2024 [ 444 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Dec 5 2024 [ 445 00] part_plan.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 Dec 5 2024 [ 446 00] part_sun.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 776 Dec 5 2024 [ 447 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 120 Dec 5 2024 [ 448 00] partmap.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 72 Dec 5 2024 [ 449 00] parttool.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2084 Dec 5 2024 [ 450 00] parttool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 832 Dec 5 2024 [ 452 00] password.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 Dec 5 2024 [ 453 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2336 Dec 5 2024 [ 454 00] pata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Dec 5 2024 [ 456 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Dec 5 2024 [ 457 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 720 Dec 5 2024 [ 458 00] pci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Dec 5 2024 [ 459 00] pcidump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4736 Dec 5 2024 [ 460 00] pgp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3088 Dec 5 2024 [ 463 00] plainmount.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3028 Dec 5 2024 [ 465 00] plan9.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1224 Dec 5 2024 [ 467 00] play.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4108 Dec 5 2024 [ 468 00] png.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Dec 5 2024 [ 471 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 Dec 5 2024 [ 472 00] probe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 956 Dec 5 2024 [ 473 00] procfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Dec 5 2024 [ 474 00] progress.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 Dec 5 2024 [ 475 00] pxe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Dec 5 2024 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Dec 5 2024 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1228 Dec 5 2024 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1752 Dec 5 2024 [ 479 00] random.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 Dec 5 2024 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 Dec 5 2024 [ 481 00] read.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 740 Dec 5 2024 [ 482 00] reboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 27028 Dec 5 2024 [ 483 00] regexp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4276 Dec 5 2024 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6708 Dec 5 2024 [ 500 00] relocator.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2160 Dec 5 2024 [ 504 00] romfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2284 Dec 5 2024 [ 506 00] scsi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1432 Dec 5 2024 [ 508 00] search.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 Dec 5 2024 [ 509 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1616 Dec 5 2024 [ 510 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1524 Dec 5 2024 [ 511 00] search_label.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2560 Dec 5 2024 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3960 Dec 5 2024 [ 514 00] serial.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 304 Dec 5 2024 [ 516 00] setjmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 676 Dec 5 2024 [ 517 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2216 Dec 5 2024 [ 518 00] setpci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2596 Dec 5 2024 [ 520 00] sfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Dec 5 2024 [ 522 00] shift_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4272 Dec 5 2024 [ 523 00] signature_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Dec 5 2024 [ 526 00] sleep.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Dec 5 2024 [ 527 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 Dec 5 2024 [ 528 00] smbios.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 Dec 5 2024 [ 530 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3752 Dec 5 2024 [ 531 00] squash4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 912 Dec 5 2024 [ 533 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7188 Dec 5 2024 [ 534 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1544 Dec 5 2024 [ 538 00] tar.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 168 Dec 5 2024 [ 539 00] terminal.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Dec 5 2024 [ 540 00] terminal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5156 Dec 5 2024 [ 541 00] terminfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2224 Dec 5 2024 [ 544 00] test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 580 Dec 5 2024 [ 546 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1252 Dec 5 2024 [ 547 00] testload.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 Dec 5 2024 [ 548 00] testspeed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 Dec 5 2024 [ 549 00] tftp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1804 Dec 5 2024 [ 551 00] tga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Dec 5 2024 [ 552 00] time.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Dec 5 2024 [ 553 00] tr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 Dec 5 2024 [ 554 00] trig.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Dec 5 2024 [ 555 00] true.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1556 Dec 5 2024 [ 556 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4536 Dec 5 2024 [ 557 00] udf.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2620 Dec 5 2024 [ 560 00] ufs1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2836 Dec 5 2024 [ 562 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2716 Dec 5 2024 [ 564 00] ufs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2972 Dec 5 2024 [ 566 00] uhci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5164 Dec 5 2024 [ 568 00] usb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1812 Dec 5 2024 [ 571 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2816 Dec 5 2024 [ 572 00] usbms.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 Dec 5 2024 [ 574 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1008 Dec 5 2024 [ 575 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1060 Dec 5 2024 [ 576 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 620 Dec 5 2024 [ 577 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 Dec 5 2024 [ 578 00] usbtest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4104 Dec 5 2024 [ 579 00] vbe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Dec 5 2024 [ 582 00] verifiers.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 Dec 5 2024 [ 583 00] vga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Dec 5 2024 [ 584 00] vga_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 88 Dec 5 2024 [ 585 00] video.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2304 Dec 5 2024 [ 586 00] video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Dec 5 2024 [ 588 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 Dec 5 2024 [ 590 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2284 Dec 5 2024 [ 592 00] video_colors.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9368 Dec 5 2024 [ 594 00] video_fb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1704 Dec 5 2024 [ 599 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1652 Dec 5 2024 [ 600 00] videotest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Dec 5 2024 [ 601 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 Dec 5 2024 [ 602 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4000 Dec 5 2024 [ 603 00] xfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11316 Dec 5 2024 [ 605 00] xnu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Dec 5 2024 [ 611 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Dec 5 2024 [ 612 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8084 Dec 5 2024 [ 613 00] xzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 18996 Dec 5 2024 [ 617 00] zfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2724 Dec 5 2024 [ 627 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 Dec 5 2024 [ 629 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19324 Dec 5 2024 [ 631 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Jan 7 2026 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3588 Jan 7 2026 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4348 Jan 7 2026 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 552 Jan 7 2026 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2672 Jan 7 2026 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3192 Jan 7 2026 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Jan 7 2026 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5060 Jan 7 2026 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 240 Jan 7 2026 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Jan 7 2026 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1588 Jan 7 2026 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2028 Jan 7 2026 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 Jan 7 2026 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 756 Jan 7 2026 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3612 Jan 7 2026 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Jan 7 2026 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Jan 7 2026 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2028 Jan 7 2026 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Jan 7 2026 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 Jan 7 2026 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12544 Jan 7 2026 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 Jan 7 2026 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9124 Jan 7 2026 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 Jan 7 2026 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1360 Jan 7 2026 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1852 Jan 7 2026 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1176 Jan 7 2026 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Jan 7 2026 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 540 Jan 7 2026 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1116 Jan 7 2026 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1576 Jan 7 2026 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Jan 7 2026 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 564 Jan 7 2026 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 856 Jan 7 2026 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1012 Jan 7 2026 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 Jan 7 2026 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 Jan 7 2026 [ 105 00] command.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Jan 7 2026 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1256 Jan 7 2026 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Jan 7 2026 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 720 Jan 7 2026 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 784 Jan 7 2026 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 420 Jan 7 2026 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 Jan 7 2026 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6768 Jan 7 2026 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 Jan 7 2026 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Jan 7 2026 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 Jan 7 2026 [ 120 00] date.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Jan 7 2026 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1096 Jan 7 2026 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 Jan 7 2026 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5280 Jan 7 2026 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 508 Jan 7 2026 [ 127 00] div.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2236 Jan 7 2026 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Jan 7 2026 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2420 Jan 7 2026 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Jan 7 2026 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9396 Jan 7 2026 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3204 Jan 7 2026 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3752 Jan 7 2026 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Jan 7 2026 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2472 Jan 7 2026 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 48540 Jan 7 2026 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 656 Jan 7 2026 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3376 Jan 7 2026 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 556 Jan 7 2026 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3200 Jan 7 2026 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 Jan 7 2026 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3396 Jan 7 2026 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3576 Jan 7 2026 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5876 Jan 7 2026 [ 184 00] file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6588 Jan 7 2026 [ 187 00] font.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 Jan 7 2026 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 208 Jan 7 2026 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Jan 7 2026 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8464 Jan 7 2026 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 792 Jan 7 2026 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5512 Jan 7 2026 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8432 Jan 7 2026 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10644 Jan 7 2026 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8612 Jan 7 2026 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4084 Jan 7 2026 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 944 Jan 7 2026 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1512 Jan 7 2026 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1436 Jan 7 2026 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1824 Jan 7 2026 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Jan 7 2026 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7576 Jan 7 2026 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2744 Jan 7 2026 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Jan 7 2026 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4504 Jan 7 2026 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5340 Jan 7 2026 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3160 Jan 7 2026 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 Jan 7 2026 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2960 Jan 7 2026 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10692 Jan 7 2026 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9828 Jan 7 2026 [ 251 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6060 Jan 7 2026 [ 256 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3776 Jan 7 2026 [ 259 00] gdb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2552 Jan 7 2026 [ 261 00] geli.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 Jan 7 2026 [ 263 00] gettext.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15580 Jan 7 2026 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3884 Jan 7 2026 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Jan 7 2026 [ 275 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1860 Jan 7 2026 [ 276 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1812 Jan 7 2026 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4504 Jan 7 2026 [ 278 00] gzio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2192 Jan 7 2026 [ 281 00] halt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2140 Jan 7 2026 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2888 Jan 7 2026 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 492 Jan 7 2026 [ 287 00] hello.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1260 Jan 7 2026 [ 288 00] help.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1448 Jan 7 2026 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3736 Jan 7 2026 [ 290 00] hfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 Jan 7 2026 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1524 Jan 7 2026 [ 295 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Jan 7 2026 [ 296 00] http.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 Jan 7 2026 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Jan 7 2026 [ 299 00] iorw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4704 Jan 7 2026 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3324 Jan 7 2026 [ 303 00] jfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3968 Jan 7 2026 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Jan 7 2026 [ 307 00] json.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1404 Jan 7 2026 [ 309 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 768 Jan 7 2026 [ 310 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2904 Jan 7 2026 [ 311 00] ldm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Jan 7 2026 [ 313 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11080 Jan 7 2026 [ 314 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6148 Jan 7 2026 [ 320 00] linux.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2616 Jan 7 2026 [ 324 00] linux16.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2820 Jan 7 2026 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1368 Jan 7 2026 [ 328 00] loopback.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1676 Jan 7 2026 [ 329 00] ls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 Jan 7 2026 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Jan 7 2026 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 Jan 7 2026 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1776 Jan 7 2026 [ 334 00] lspci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 Jan 7 2026 [ 335 00] luks.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5932 Jan 7 2026 [ 336 00] luks2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3940 Jan 7 2026 [ 339 00] lvm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2720 Jan 7 2026 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1596 Jan 7 2026 [ 343 00] macbless.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3240 Jan 7 2026 [ 344 00] macho.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Jan 7 2026 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 940 Jan 7 2026 [ 347 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 968 Jan 7 2026 [ 348 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Jan 7 2026 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 Jan 7 2026 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Jan 7 2026 [ 351 00] memrw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1540 Jan 7 2026 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2004 Jan 7 2026 [ 353 00] minix.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2100 Jan 7 2026 [ 354 00] minix2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2164 Jan 7 2026 [ 356 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2044 Jan 7 2026 [ 358 00] minix3.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2120 Jan 7 2026 [ 359 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2076 Jan 7 2026 [ 361 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 Jan 7 2026 [ 363 00] mmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Jan 7 2026 [ 366 00] moddep.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Jan 7 2026 [ 368 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 712 Jan 7 2026 [ 369 00] morse.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12556 Jan 7 2026 [ 370 00] mpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Jan 7 2026 [ 377 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 948 Jan 7 2026 [ 378 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6700 Jan 7 2026 [ 379 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7076 Jan 7 2026 [ 383 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1924 Jan 7 2026 [ 387 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25224 Jan 7 2026 [ 388 00] net.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1384 Jan 7 2026 [ 401 00] newc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3360 Jan 7 2026 [ 402 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44896 Jan 7 2026 [ 404 00] normal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5776 Jan 7 2026 [ 426 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2448 Jan 7 2026 [ 429 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 Jan 7 2026 [ 431 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Jan 7 2026 [ 432 00] odc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 692 Jan 7 2026 [ 433 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4452 Jan 7 2026 [ 434 00] ohci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Jan 7 2026 [ 437 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 Jan 7 2026 [ 438 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Jan 7 2026 [ 439 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1276 Jan 7 2026 [ 440 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 864 Jan 7 2026 [ 441 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Jan 7 2026 [ 442 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Jan 7 2026 [ 443 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1204 Jan 7 2026 [ 444 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Jan 7 2026 [ 445 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 Jan 7 2026 [ 446 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 776 Jan 7 2026 [ 447 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 120 Jan 7 2026 [ 448 00] partmap.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 72 Jan 7 2026 [ 449 00] parttool.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2084 Jan 7 2026 [ 450 00] parttool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 832 Jan 7 2026 [ 452 00] password.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 Jan 7 2026 [ 453 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2336 Jan 7 2026 [ 454 00] pata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Jan 7 2026 [ 456 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Jan 7 2026 [ 457 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 720 Jan 7 2026 [ 458 00] pci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Jan 7 2026 [ 459 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4736 Jan 7 2026 [ 460 00] pgp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3088 Jan 7 2026 [ 463 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3028 Jan 7 2026 [ 465 00] plan9.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1224 Jan 7 2026 [ 467 00] play.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4108 Jan 7 2026 [ 468 00] png.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Jan 7 2026 [ 471 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 Jan 7 2026 [ 472 00] probe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 956 Jan 7 2026 [ 473 00] procfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Jan 7 2026 [ 474 00] progress.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 Jan 7 2026 [ 475 00] pxe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Jan 7 2026 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Jan 7 2026 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1228 Jan 7 2026 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1752 Jan 7 2026 [ 479 00] random.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 Jan 7 2026 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 Jan 7 2026 [ 481 00] read.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 740 Jan 7 2026 [ 482 00] reboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 27028 Jan 7 2026 [ 483 00] regexp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4276 Jan 7 2026 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6708 Jan 7 2026 [ 500 00] relocator.mod 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verifiers.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 Jan 7 2026 [ 583 00] vga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Jan 7 2026 [ 584 00] vga_text.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 88 Jan 7 2026 [ 585 00] video.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2304 Jan 7 2026 [ 586 00] video.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Jan 7 2026 [ 588 00] video_bochs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 Jan 7 2026 [ 590 00] video_cirrus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2284 Jan 7 2026 [ 592 00] video_colors.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9368 Jan 7 2026 [ 594 00] video_fb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1704 Jan 7 2026 [ 599 00] videoinfo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1652 Jan 7 2026 [ 600 00] videotest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Jan 7 2026 [ 601 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 Jan 7 2026 [ 602 00] wrmsr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4000 Jan 7 2026 [ 603 00] xfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11316 Jan 7 2026 [ 605 00] xnu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Jan 7 2026 [ 611 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Jan 7 2026 [ 612 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8084 Jan 7 2026 [ 613 00] xzio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 18996 Jan 7 2026 [ 617 00] zfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2724 Jan 7 2026 [ 627 00] zfscrypt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 Jan 7 2026 [ 629 00] zfsinfo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19324 Jan 7 2026 [ 631 00] zstd.mod \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 43 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 43 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 44 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Dec 5 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 44 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 7 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,297 +1,297 @@\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2024-12-05 16:15:00.000000 .\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2024-12-05 16:15:02.000000 boot\n-dr-xr-xr-x 6 0 0 2048 2024-12-05 16:15:03.000000 boot/grub\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 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23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb_keyboard.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2816 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbms.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_common.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1008 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_ftdi.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1060 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_pl2303.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 620 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_usbdebug.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbtest.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4104 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vbe.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 88 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2304 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2284 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9368 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1704 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1652 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4000 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11316 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8084 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 18996 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2724 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 2026-01-07 23:09:43.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19324 2026-01-07 23:09:42.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "modinfo.sh-content", "source2": "modinfo.sh-content", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11704 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1024408 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11696 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1024424 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -124,15 +124,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3572 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3704 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3844 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3628 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3796 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3716 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2619 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2617 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27444 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 58412 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2812 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6712 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 114836 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/normal.mod\n@@ -342,15 +342,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3704 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3844 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3628 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3796 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3716 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5784 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3871 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2631 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2629 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27444 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13704 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14692 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 58412 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2812 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/newc.mod\n@@ -562,15 +562,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5552 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5664 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5744 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5728 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5808 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5640 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2544 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2542 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44024 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2360 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 95344 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4456 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 10008 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 176992 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen_pvh\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-bin", "source2": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-bin", "comments": ["Ordering differences only"], "unified_diff": "@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object **.mod*\n-grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture **.mod*\n-grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture **efiemu64.o*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object **.mod*\n-grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture **.mod*\n-grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture **efiemu64.o*\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-dbg_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-dbg_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 14400 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7519872 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7519868 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-dbg", "source2": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-dbg", "comments": ["Ordering differences only"], "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@\n grub-xen-dbg: unstripped-binary-or-object **.module*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary **.image*\n-grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n+grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture **.module*\n-grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n+grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: unstripped-binary-or-object **.module*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary **.image*\n-grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n+grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture **.module*\n-grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n+grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-host_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-host_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1292 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1329880 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1329788 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9250,17 +9250,17 @@\n .rel.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001140\n-14724351404\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+15127564276\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -92478,27 +92478,27 @@\n 0x001759f3 01000000 08280000 67727562 2e636667 .....(..grub.cfg\n 0x00175a03 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175a13 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175a23 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175a33 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175a43 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175a53 00000000 00000000 00000000 30303030 ............0000\n- 0x00175a63 36343400 30303032 31323700 30303032 644.0002127.0002\n- 0x00175a73 31323700 30303030 30303031 31343000 127.00000001140.\n- 0x00175a83 31343732 34333531 34303400 30313330 14724351404.0130\n- 0x00175a93 33340020 30000000 00000000 00000000 34. 0...........\n+ 0x00175a63 36343400 30303034 32353600 30303034 644.0004256.0004\n+ 0x00175a73 32353600 30303030 30303031 31343000 256.00000001140.\n+ 0x00175a83 31353132 37353634 32373600 30313330 15127564276.0130\n+ 0x00175a93 36330020 30000000 00000000 00000000 63. 0...........\n 0x00175aa3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175ab3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175ac3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175ad3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175ae3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175af3 00000000 00000000 00757374 61722020 .........ustar \n- 0x00175b03 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x00175b03 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x00175b13 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x00175b23 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x00175b23 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x00175b33 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175b43 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175b53 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175b63 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175b73 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175b83 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175b93 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9555,16 +9555,16 @@\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000000350\n 14645235260\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n if search -s -f /boot/grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/boot/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n if search -s -f /grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /grub/grub.cfg\n normal (memdisk)/grub.cfg\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -94464,28 +94464,28 @@\n 0x0027d4cb 01000000 00000000 01000000 08280000 .............(..\n 0x0027d4db 67727562 2e636667 00000000 00000000 grub.cfg........\n 0x0027d4eb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d4fb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d50b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d51b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d52b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0027d53b 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303032 ....0000644.0002\n- 0x0027d54b 31323700 30303032 31323700 30303030 127.0002127.0000\n+ 0x0027d53b 00000000 30303030 36363400 30303034 ....0000664.0004\n+ 0x0027d54b 32353600 30303034 32353600 30303030 256.0004256.0000\n 0x0027d55b 30303030 33353000 31343634 35323335 0000350.14645235\n- 0x0027d56b 32363000 30313330 34310020 30000000 260.013041. 0...\n+ 0x0027d56b 32363000 30313330 35370020 30000000 260.013057. 0...\n 0x0027d57b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d58b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d59b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d5ab 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d5bb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d5cb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d5db 00757374 61722020 00706275 696c6465 .ustar .pbuilde\n- 0x0027d5eb 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x0027d5eb 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x0027d5fb 00000000 00000000 00706275 696c6465 .........pbuilde\n- 0x0027d60b 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x0027d60b 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x0027d61b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d62b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d63b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d64b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d65b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d66b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d67b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -10808,17 +10808,17 @@\n .rela.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001154\n-14724351404\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+15127564276\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -130682,28 +130682,28 @@\n 0x0020e27f 00000000 00000000 01000000 08280000 .............(..\n 0x0020e28f 67727562 2e636667 00000000 00000000 grub.cfg........\n 0x0020e29f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e2af 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e2bf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e2cf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e2df 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0020e2ef 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303032 ....0000644.0002\n- 0x0020e2ff 31323700 30303032 31323700 30303030 127.0002127.0000\n- 0x0020e30f 30303031 31353400 31343732 34333531 0001154.14724351\n- 0x0020e31f 34303400 30313330 34310020 30000000 404.013041. 0...\n+ 0x0020e2ef 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303034 ....0000644.0004\n+ 0x0020e2ff 32353600 30303034 32353600 30303030 256.0004256.0000\n+ 0x0020e30f 30303031 31353400 31353132 37353634 0001154.15127564\n+ 0x0020e31f 32373600 30313330 37300020 30000000 276.013070. 0...\n 0x0020e32f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e33f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e34f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e35f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e36f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e37f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e38f 00757374 61722020 00706275 696c6465 .ustar .pbuilde\n- 0x0020e39f 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x0020e39f 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x0020e3af 00000000 00000000 00706275 696c6465 .........pbuilde\n- 0x0020e3bf 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x0020e3bf 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x0020e3cf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e3df 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e3ef 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e3ff 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e40f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e41f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020e42f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-xen_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 43980 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 43972 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1644 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2841 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./config\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1205 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./control\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 129 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./md5sums\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 28980 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./postinst\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 28976 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./postinst\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2133 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./postrm\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 415 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./preinst\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 188 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./prerm\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 130055 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./templates\n"}, {"source1": "./postinst", "source2": "./postinst", "unified_diff": "@@ -346,15 +346,15 @@\n fi\n \n mkdir -p /boot/grub\n \n case grub-xen in\n grub-pc)\n if test -e /boot/grub/device.map && ! test -e /boot/grub/core.img && \\\n- ! test -e /boot/grub/i386-xen_pvh/core.img; then\n+ ! test -e /boot/grub/x86_64-xen/core.img; then\n # Looks like your device.map was generated by GRUB Legacy, which\n # used to generate broken device.map (see #422851). Avoid the risk\n # by regenerating it.\n grub-mkdevicemap --no-floppy\n devicemap_regenerated=1\n fi\n ;;\n@@ -522,15 +522,15 @@\n # We just hooked GRUB 2 in menu.lst; then also generate grub.cfg.\n touch /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n fi\n elif running_in_container; then\n # Skip grub-install in containers.\n :\n elif test -e /boot/grub/core.img || \\\n- test -e /boot/grub/i386-xen_pvh/core.img || \\\n+ test -e /boot/grub/x86_64-xen/core.img || \\\n test \"$UPGRADE_FROM_GRUB_LEGACY\" || test \"$wubi_device\"; then\n question=grub-pc/install_devices\n priority=high\n device_map=\"$(grub-mkdevicemap -m - | grep -v '^(fd[0-9]\\+)' || true)\"\n devices=\"$(echo \"$device_map\" | cut -f2)\"\n db_get grub-pc/install_devices\n valid=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.12-5_i386.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.12-5_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1368 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 678944 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1372 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 678972 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -23,15 +23,15 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1565 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 186 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub.md5sum\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 37889 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87276 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14851 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3583 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3586 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1958 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-install.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 921 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-reboot.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 655 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-set-default.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 248 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-grub.8.gz\n lrwxrwxrwx 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-07-15 15:05:20.000000 ./usr/sbin/update-grub2 -> update-grub\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-1", "source2": "grub.info-1", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18889 +1,18889 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 312e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7.1.1 from grub.\n 00000040: 7465 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 texi...This manu\n 00000050: 616c 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 al is for GNU GR\n 00000060: 5542 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 UB (version 2.12\n-00000070: 2c20 3520 4465 6365 6d62 6572 2032 3032 , 5 December 202\n-00000080: 3429 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 4)... Copyrigh\n-00000090: 7420 c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 t ...1999,2000,2\n-000000a0: 3030 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 001,2002,2004,20\n-000000b0: 3036 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 06,2008,2009,201\n-000000c0: 302c 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 0,2011,2012,2013\n-000000d0: 2046 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 Free.Software F\n-000000e0: 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a oundation, Inc..\n-000000f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e . 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Ver\n-00000180: 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 sion 1.2 or any \n-00000190: 6c61 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 later version pu\n-000001a0: 626c 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 blished by the F\n-000001b0: 7265 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 ree Software. \n-000001c0: 2020 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 Foundation; wi\n-000001d0: 7468 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 th no Invariant \n-000001e0: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 Sections..INFO-D\n-000001f0: 4952 2d53 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 IR-SECTION Kerne\n-00000200: 6c0a 5354 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 l.START-INFO-DIR\n-00000210: 2d45 4e54 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 -ENTRY.* GRUB: (\n-00000220: 6772 7562 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 grub). \n-00000230: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 The GRand\n-00000240: 2055 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 Unified Bootloa\n-00000250: 6465 720a 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 der.* grub-insta\n-00000260: 6c6c 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 ll: (grub)Invoki\n-00000270: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e ng grub-install.\n-00000280: 2020 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 Install GRUB\n-00000290: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a on your drive.*\n-000002a0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 grub-mkconfig: \n-000002b0: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n-000002c0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 rub-mkconfig. G\n-000002d0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e enerate GRUB con\n-000002e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 figuration.* gru\n-000002f0: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n-00000300: 323a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 2: (grub)Invokin\n-00000310: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n-00000320: 7062 6b64 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d pbkdf2..* grub-m\n-00000330: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 krelpath: (grub)\n-00000340: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00000350: 7265 6c70 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d relpath..* grub-\n-00000360: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 mkrescue: (grub)\n-00000370: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00000380: 7265 7363 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 rescue. 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Permission\n-00000660: 2069 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 is granted to c\n-00000670: 6f70 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 opy, distribute \n-00000680: 616e 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 and/or modify th\n-00000690: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 is. document\n-000006a0: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 under the terms\n-000006b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 of the GNU Free\n-000006c0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n-000006d0: 6963 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 icense,. Ver\n-000006e0: 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 sion 1.2 or any \n-000006f0: 6c61 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 later version pu\n-00000700: 626c 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 blished by the F\n-00000710: 7265 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 ree Software. \n-00000720: 2020 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 Foundation; wi\n-00000730: 7468 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 th no Invariant \n-00000740: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e Sections...* Men\n-00000750: 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 u:..* Introducti\n-00000760: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 on:: \n-00000770: 2020 2020 4361 7074 7572 696e 6720 7468 Capturing th\n-00000780: 6520 7370 6972 6974 206f 6620 4752 5542 e spirit of GRUB\n-00000790: 0a2a 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e .* Naming conven\n-000007a0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion:: \n-000007b0: 204e 616d 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2064 Names of your d\n-000007c0: 7269 7665 7320 696e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 rives in GRUB.* \n-000007d0: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 OS-specific note\n-000007e0: 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f s about grub too\n-000007f0: 6c73 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls::. \n+00000070: 2c20 3720 4a61 6e75 6172 7920 3230 3236 , 7 January 2026\n+00000080: 292e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 )... Copyright\n+00000090: 20c2 a90a 3139 3939 2c32 3030 302c 3230 ...1999,2000,20\n+000000a0: 3031 2c32 3030 322c 3230 3034 2c32 3030 01,2002,2004,200\n+000000b0: 362c 3230 3038 2c32 3030 392c 3230 3130 6,2008,2009,2010\n+000000c0: 2c32 3031 312c 3230 3132 2c32 3031 3320 ,2011,2012,2013 \n+000000d0: 4672 6565 0a53 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f Free.Software Fo\n+000000e0: 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e 0a0a undation, Inc...\n+000000f0: 2020 2020 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 Permission \n+00000100: 6973 2067 7261 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 636f is granted to co\n+00000110: 7079 2c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2061 py, distribute a\n+00000120: 6e64 2f6f 7220 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6869 nd/or modify thi\n+00000130: 730a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 s. document \n+00000140: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 under the terms \n+00000150: 6f66 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 of the GNU Free \n+00000160: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 Documentation Li\n+00000170: 6365 6e73 652c 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7273 cense,. Vers\n+00000180: 696f 6e20 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c ion 1.2 or any l\n+00000190: 6174 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 ater version pub\n+000001a0: 6c69 7368 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 lished by the Fr\n+000001b0: 6565 2053 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 ee Software. \n+000001c0: 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 Foundation; wit\n+000001d0: 6820 6e6f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 h no Invariant S\n+000001e0: 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 ections..INFO-DI\n+000001f0: 522d 5345 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c R-SECTION Kernel\n+00000200: 0a53 5441 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d .START-INFO-DIR-\n+00000210: 454e 5452 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 ENTRY.* GRUB: (g\n+00000220: 7275 6229 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rub). \n+00000230: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 The GRand \n+00000240: 556e 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 Unified Bootload\n+00000250: 6572 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c er.* grub-instal\n+00000260: 6c3a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e l: (grub)Invokin\n+00000270: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 g grub-install. \n+00000280: 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 Install GRUB \n+00000290: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 on your drive.* \n+000002a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 grub-mkconfig: (\n+000002b0: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+000002c0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 ub-mkconfig. 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Copyright \n+000005f0: c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 ...1999,2000,200\n+00000600: 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 1,2002,2004,2006\n+00000610: 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c ,2008,2009,2010,\n+00000620: 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 2011,2012,2013 F\n+00000630: 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 ree.Software Fou\n+00000640: 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 ndation, Inc... \n+00000650: 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 Permission i\n+00000660: 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 s granted to cop\n+00000670: 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e y, distribute an\n+00000680: 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 d/or modify this\n+00000690: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 . document u\n+000006a0: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n+000006b0: 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 f the GNU Free D\n+000006c0: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n+000006d0: 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 ense,. Versi\n+000006e0: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n+000006f0: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n+00000700: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n+00000710: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n+00000720: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n+00000730: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n+00000740: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a ctions...* Menu:\n+00000750: 0a0a 2a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e ..* Introduction\n+00000760: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00000770: 2020 4361 7074 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 Capturing the \n+00000780: 7370 6972 6974 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a2a spirit of GRUB.*\n+00000790: 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 Naming conventi\n+000007a0: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e on:: N\n+000007b0: 616d 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2064 7269 ames of your dri\n+000007c0: 7665 7320 696e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 4f53 ves in GRUB.* OS\n+000007d0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 -specific notes \n+000007e0: 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 about grub tools\n+000007f0: 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ::. \n 00000800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000810: 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6e6f 7465 7320 Some notes \n-00000820: 6162 6f75 7420 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 about OS-specifi\n-00000830: 6320 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2047 c behaviour of G\n-00000840: 5255 420a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 RUB. \n+00000810: 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 Some notes ab\n+00000820: 6f75 7420 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 out OS-specific \n+00000830: 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2047 5255 behaviour of GRU\n+00000840: 420a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 B. \n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 2020 2020 746f 6f6c 730a 2a20 496e 7374 tools.* Inst\n-00000870: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 allation:: \n-00000880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7374 616c Instal\n-00000890: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 ling GRUB on you\n-000008a0: 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 426f 6f74 696e r drive.* Bootin\n-000008b0: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g:: \n-000008c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2062 How to b\n-000008d0: 6f6f 7420 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f70 oot different op\n-000008e0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 730a erating systems.\n-000008f0: 2a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a * Configuration:\n-00000900: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00000910: 5772 6974 696e 6720 796f 7572 206f 776e Writing your own\n-00000920: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00000930: 696c 650a 2a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 ile.* Theme file\n-00000940: 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 format:: \n-00000950: 2020 2020 466f 726d 6174 206f 6620 4752 Format of GR\n-00000960: 5542 2074 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6573 0a2a UB theme files.*\n-00000970: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 Network:: \n-00000980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n-00000990: 6f77 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 204f 5320 696d ownloading OS im\n-000009a0: 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 ages from a netw\n-000009b0: 6f72 6b0a 2a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 ork.* Serial ter\n-000009c0: 6d69 6e61 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 minal:: \n-000009d0: 2020 2020 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2076 Using GRUB v\n-000009e0: 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 ia a serial line\n-000009f0: 0a2a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d .* Vendor power-\n-00000a00: 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 on keys:: \n-00000a10: 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 4752 5542 2062 Changing GRUB b\n-00000a20: 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 7665 6e64 ehaviour on vend\n-00000a30: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 or power-on keys\n-00000a40: 0a2a 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a20 2020 2020 .* Images:: \n-00000a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000a60: 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 GRUB image file\n-00000a70: 730a 2a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 s.* Core image s\n-00000a80: 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 3a3a ize limitation::\n-00000a90: 2020 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c GRUB image fil\n-00000aa0: 6573 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 es size limitati\n-00000ab0: 6f6e 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d ons.* Filesystem\n-00000ac0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00000ad0: 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 Filesystem s\n-00000ae0: 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 yntax and semant\n-00000af0: 6963 730a 2a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 653a ics.* Interface:\n-00000b00: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00000b10: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 The menu and\n-00000b20: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-00000b30: 650a 2a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 743a e.* Environment:\n-00000b40: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00000b50: 2020 4752 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 GRUB environme\n-00000b60: 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2061 6e64 thorisation, and\n-00000c60: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2a20 506c signatures.* Pl\n-00000c70: 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f atform limitatio\n-00000c80: 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 506c 6174 ns:: Plat\n-00000c90: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6c69 form-specific li\n-00000ca0: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 506c 6174 mitations.* Plat\n-00000cb0: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 form-specific op\n-00000cc0: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a 2050 6c61 7466 erations:: Platf\n-00000cd0: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 orm-specific ope\n-00000ce0: 7261 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 5375 7070 6f72 rations.* Suppor\n-00000cf0: 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 733a 3a20 2020 ted kernels:: \n-00000d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 Supporte\n-00000d10: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 2a20 5472 6f75 d kernels.* Trou\n-00000d20: 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 bleshooting:: \n-00000d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4572 726f 7220 Error \n-00000d40: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f 6475 6365 messages produce\n-00000d50: 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a20 5573 6572 d by GRUB.* User\n-00000d60: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n-00000d70: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 6167 6520 :: Usage \n-00000d80: 6f66 2075 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 of user-space ut\n-00000d90: 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a20 4f62 7461 696e ilities.* Obtain\n-00000da0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n-00000db0: 2047 5255 423a 3a20 486f 7720 746f 206f GRUB:: How to o\n-00000dc0: 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 6275 696c 6420 btain and build \n-00000dd0: 4752 5542 0a2a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 GRUB.* Reporting\n-00000de0: 2062 7567 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 bugs:: \n-00000df0: 2020 2020 2057 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2073 Where you s\n-00000e00: 686f 756c 6420 7365 6e64 2061 2062 7567 hould send a bug\n-00000e10: 2072 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 7475 7265 report.* Future\n-00000e20: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00000e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 Some fut\n-00000e40: 7572 6520 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 ure plans on GRU\n-00000e50: 420a 2a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 B.* Copying This\n-00000e60: 204d 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 Manual:: \n-00000e70: 2020 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d Copying This M\n-00000e80: 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a anual.* Index::.\n-00000e90: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00000ea0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f fo, Node: Intro\n-00000eb0: 6475 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 duction, Next: \n-00000ec0: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n-00000ed0: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 n, Prev: Top, \n-00000ee0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f Up: Top..1 Intro\n-00000ef0: 6475 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a duction to GRUB.\n+00000860: 2020 746f 6f6c 730a 2a20 496e 7374 616c tools.* Instal\n+00000870: 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 lation:: \n+00000880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 Installi\n+00000890: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 ng GRUB on your \n+000008a0: 6472 6976 650a 2a20 426f 6f74 696e 673a drive.* Booting:\n+000008b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+000008c0: 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f How to boo\n+000008d0: 7420 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f70 6572 t different oper\n+000008e0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 730a 2a20 ating systems.* \n+000008f0: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 Configuration:: \n+00000900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 Wr\n+00000910: 6974 696e 6720 796f 7572 206f 776e 2063 iting your own c\n+00000920: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00000930: 650a 2a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 e.* Theme file f\n+00000940: 6f72 6d61 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ormat:: \n+00000950: 2020 466f 726d 6174 206f 6620 4752 5542 Format of GRUB\n+00000960: 2074 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 204e theme files.* N\n+00000970: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 etwork:: \n+00000980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 Dow\n+00000990: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 204f 5320 696d 6167 nloading OS imag\n+000009a0: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 es from a networ\n+000009b0: 6b0a 2a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 k.* Serial termi\n+000009c0: 6e61 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nal:: \n+000009d0: 2020 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2076 6961 Using GRUB via\n+000009e0: 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 0a2a a serial line.*\n+000009f0: 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e Vendor power-on\n+00000a00: 206b 6579 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2043 keys:: C\n+00000a10: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 4752 5542 2062 6568 hanging GRUB beh\n+00000a20: 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 7665 6e64 6f72 aviour on vendor\n+00000a30: 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a power-on keys.*\n+00000a40: 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 Images:: \n+00000a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 G\n+00000a60: 5255 4220 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 730a RUB image files.\n+00000a70: 2a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a * Core image siz\n+00000a80: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 e limitation:: \n+00000a90: 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 GRUB image files\n+00000aa0: 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e size limitation\n+00000ab0: 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a s.* Filesystem::\n+00000ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000ad0: 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e Filesystem syn\n+00000ae0: 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 tax and semantic\n+00000af0: 730a 2a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a20 s.* Interface:: \n+00000b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000b10: 2020 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2074 The menu and t\n+00000b20: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a he command-line.\n+00000b30: 2a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 743a 3a20 * Environment:: \n+00000b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000b50: 4752 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 GRUB environment\n+00000b60: 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6475 6365 6420 ssages produced \n+00000d50: 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a20 5573 6572 2d73 by GRUB.* User-s\n+00000d60: 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 3a3a pace utilities::\n+00000d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 6167 6520 6f66 Usage of\n+00000d80: 2075 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c user-space util\n+00000d90: 6974 6965 730a 2a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e ities.* Obtainin\n+00000da0: 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 g and Building G\n+00000db0: 5255 423a 3a20 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 RUB:: How to obt\n+00000dc0: 6169 6e20 616e 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 ain and build GR\n+00000dd0: 5542 0a2a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 UB.* Reporting b\n+00000de0: 7567 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ugs:: \n+00000df0: 2020 2057 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2073 686f Where you sho\n+00000e00: 756c 6420 7365 6e64 2061 2062 7567 2072 uld send a bug r\n+00000e10: 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 7475 7265 3a3a eport.* Future::\n+00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000e30: 2020 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 7572 Some futur\n+00000e40: 6520 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 420a e plans on GRUB.\n+00000e50: 2a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d * Copying This M\n+00000e60: 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 anual:: \n+00000e70: 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e Copying This Man\n+00000e80: 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f ual.* Index::...\n+00000e90: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00000ea0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 , Node: Introdu\n+00000eb0: 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 ction, Next: Na\n+00000ec0: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c ming convention,\n+00000ed0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 5570 Prev: Top, Up\n+00000ee0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 : Top..1 Introdu\n+00000ef0: 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a 2a2a ction to GRUB.**\n 00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00000f10: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ******..* Menu:.\n-00000f20: 0a2a 204f 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 2020 .* Overview:: \n-00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000f40: 2057 6861 7420 6578 6163 746c 7920 4752 What exactly GR\n-00000f50: 5542 2069 7320 616e 6420 686f 7720 746f UB is and how to\n-00000f60: 2075 7365 2069 740a 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 use it.* Histor\n-00000f70: 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y:: \n-00000f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 From mag\n-00000f90: 676f 7420 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 got to house fly\n-00000fa0: 0a2a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 .* Changes from \n-00000fb0: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 2020 GRUB Legacy:: \n-00000fc0: 2044 6966 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 726f Differences fro\n-00000fd0: 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 m previous versi\n-00000fe0: 6f6e 730a 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 3a3a ons.* Features::\n+00000f10: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ****..* Menu:..*\n+00000f20: 204f 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 2020 2020 Overview:: \n+00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 W\n+00000f40: 6861 7420 6578 6163 746c 7920 4752 5542 hat exactly GRUB\n+00000f50: 2069 7320 616e 6420 686f 7720 746f 2075 is and how to u\n+00000f60: 7365 2069 740a 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 793a se it.* History:\n+00000f70: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00000f80: 2020 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 676f From maggo\n+00000f90: 7420 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a t to house fly.*\n+00000fa0: 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 Changes from GR\n+00000fb0: 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 2020 2044 UB Legacy:: D\n+00000fc0: 6966 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 726f 6d20 ifferences from \n+00000fd0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e previous version\n+00000fe0: 730a 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 s.* Features:: \n 00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001000: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 GRUB feature\n-00001010: 730a 2a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f s.* Role of a bo\n-00001020: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 ot 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When b\n-00001500: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 ooting with GRUB\n-00001510: 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6569 , you can use ei\n-00001520: 7468 6572 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c ther a command-l\n-00001530: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 282a ine interface.(*\n-00001540: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e note Command-lin\n-00001550: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2c20 e interface::), \n-00001560: 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 or a menu interf\n-00001570: 6163 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 656e 750a ace (*note Menu.\n-00001580: 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2e20 2055 interface::). U\n-00001590: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 sing the command\n-000015a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c -line interface,\n-000015b0: 2079 6f75 2074 7970 6520 7468 6520 6472 you type the dr\n-000015c0: 6976 650a 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f ive.specificatio\n-000015d0: 6e20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 n and file name \n-000015e0: 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 of the kernel ma\n-000015f0: 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 nually. In the \n-00001600: 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 menu.interface, \n-00001610: 796f 7520 6a75 7374 2073 656c 6563 7420 you just select \n-00001620: 616e 204f 5320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 an OS using the \n-00001630: 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 arrow keys. 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You c\n-000016f0: 616e 2065 7665 6e20 6564 6974 206d 656e an even edit men\n-00001700: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 u entries before\n-00001710: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 using them... \n-00001720: 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e In the followin\n-00001730: 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 2c20 796f 7520 g chapters, you \n-00001740: 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e 2068 6f77 2074 will learn how t\n-00001750: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 6472 6976 o specify a driv\n-00001760: 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 e, a.partition, \n-00001770: 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 and a file name \n-00001780: 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f (*note Naming co\n-00001790: 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 746f 2047 nvention::) to G\n-000017a0: 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a 696e 7374 RUB, how to.inst\n-000017b0: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f 7572 all GRUB on your\n-000017c0: 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e drive (*note In\n-000017d0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 stallation::), a\n-000017e0: 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2079 nd how to boot y\n-000017f0: 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 our.OSes (*note \n-00001800: 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 7374 6570 Booting::), step\n-00001810: 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c by step.....Fil\n-00001820: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00001830: 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f ode: Overview-Fo\n-00001840: 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4f76 otnotes, Up: Ov\n-00001850: 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 20e2 erview.. (1) .\n-00001860: 809c 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 9d20 ..chain-load... \n-00001870: 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d is the mechanism\n-00001880: 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 6e73 for loading uns\n-00001890: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 upported operati\n-000018a0: 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2062 7920 6c6f ng.systems by lo\n-000018b0: 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f ading another bo\n-000018c0: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4974 2069 ot loader. 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Over the nex\n-00001d80: 7420 6665 7720 7965 6172 732c 2047 5255 t few years, GRU\n-00001d90: 4220 7761 7320 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2074 B was extended t\n-00001da0: 6f20 6d65 6574 206d 616e 7920 6e65 6564 o meet many need\n-00001db0: 732c 2062 7574 2069 740a 7175 6963 6b6c s, but it.quickl\n-00001dc0: 7920 6265 6361 6d65 2063 6c65 6172 2074 y became clear t\n-00001dd0: 6861 7420 6974 7320 6465 7369 676e 2077 hat its design w\n-00001de0: 6173 206e 6f74 206b 6565 7069 6e67 2075 as not keeping u\n-00001df0: 7020 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a65 7874 656e p with the.exten\n-00001e00: 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 696e 6720 6d61 6465 sions being made\n-00001e10: 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2072 to it, and we r\n-00001e20: 6561 6368 6564 2074 6865 2070 6f69 6e74 eached the point\n-00001e30: 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 7761 7320 7665 where it was ve\n-00001e40: 7279 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 ry.difficult to \n-00001e50: 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 2066 7572 7468 6572 make any further\n-00001e60: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 changes without\n-00001e70: 2062 7265 616b 696e 6720 6578 6973 7469 breaking existi\n-00001e80: 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 4172 ng.features. 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I\n+00001720: 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 n the following \n+00001730: 6368 6170 7465 7273 2c20 796f 7520 7769 chapters, you wi\n+00001740: 6c6c 206c 6561 726e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 ll learn how to \n+00001750: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 6472 6976 652c specify a drive,\n+00001760: 2061 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e a.partition, an\n+00001770: 6420 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a d a file name (*\n+00001780: 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 note Naming conv\n+00001790: 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 746f 2047 5255 ention::) to GRU\n+000017a0: 422c 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a 696e 7374 616c B, how to.instal\n+000017b0: 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 l GRUB on your d\n+000017c0: 7269 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 7374 rive (*note Inst\n+000017d0: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 allation::), and\n+000017e0: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 how to boot you\n+000017f0: 720a 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f r.OSes (*note Bo\n+00001800: 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 7374 6570 2062 oting::), step b\n+00001810: 7920 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a y step.....File:\n+00001820: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00001830: 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 e: Overview-Foot\n+00001840: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 notes, Up: Over\n+00001850: 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 20e2 809c view.. (1) ...\n+00001860: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 9d20 6973 chain-load... is\n+00001870: 2074 6865 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2066 the mechanism f\n+00001880: 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 6e73 7570 or loading unsup\n+00001890: 706f 7274 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ported operating\n+000018a0: 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 .systems by load\n+000018b0: 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 ing another boot\n+000018c0: 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 loader. It is \n+000018d0: 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 2066 typically used f\n+000018e0: 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2044 4f53 206f or.loading DOS o\n+000018f0: 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 r Windows.....Fi\n+00001900: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00001910: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 Node: History, \n+00001920: 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 Next: Changes fr\n+00001930: 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 om GRUB Legacy, \n+00001940: 2050 7265 763a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772c Prev: Overview,\n+00001950: 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 Up: Introducti\n+00001960: 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 4869 7374 6f72 7920 on..1.2 History \n+00001970: 6f66 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d of GRUB.========\n+00001980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 ===========..GRU\n+00001990: 4220 6f72 6967 696e 6174 6564 2069 6e20 B originated in \n+000019a0: 3139 3935 2077 6865 6e20 4572 6963 6820 1995 when Erich \n+000019b0: 426f 6c65 796e 2077 6173 2074 7279 696e Boleyn was tryin\n+000019c0: 6720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 474e g to boot the GN\n+000019d0: 550a 4875 7264 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 U.Hurd with the \n+000019e0: 556e 6976 6572 7369 7479 206f 6620 5574 University of Ut\n+000019f0: 6168 2773 204d 6163 6820 3420 6d69 6372 ah's Mach 4 micr\n+00001a00: 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 286e 6f77 206b 6e6f okernel (now kno\n+00001a10: 776e 2061 7320 474e 550a 4d61 6368 292e wn as GNU.Mach).\n+00001a20: 2020 4572 6963 6820 616e 6420 4272 6961 Erich and Bria\n+00001a30: 6e20 466f 7264 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 n Ford designed \n+00001a40: 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 the Multiboot Sp\n+00001a50: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f ecification (*no\n+00001a60: 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 te.Multiboot Spe\n+00001a70: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 286d 756c cification: (mul\n+00001a80: 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 2c20 6265 tiboot)Top.), be\n+00001a90: 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 2077 6572 6520 cause they were \n+00001aa0: 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 0a6e 6f74 2074 determined.not t\n+00001ab0: 6f20 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c 6172 o add to the lar\n+00001ac0: 6765 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 206d 7574 ge number of mut\n+00001ad0: 7561 6c6c 792d 696e 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ually-incompatib\n+00001ae0: 6c65 2050 4320 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f le PC boot metho\n+00001af0: 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4572 6963 6820 7468 ds... 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Erich add\n+00001c00: 6564 206d 616e 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 ed many features\n+00001c10: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 to GRUB, but ot\n+00001c20: 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7469 6573 2070 her priorities p\n+00001c30: 7265 7665 6e74 6564 2068 696d 0a66 726f revented him.fro\n+00001c40: 6d20 6b65 6570 696e 6720 7570 2077 6974 m keeping up wit\n+00001c50: 6820 7468 6520 6465 6d61 6e64 7320 6f66 h the demands of\n+00001c60: 2069 7473 2071 7569 636b 6c79 2d65 7870 its quickly-exp\n+00001c70: 616e 6469 6e67 2075 7365 7220 6261 7365 anding user base\n+00001c80: 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 3939 2c20 476f 7264 . In.1999, Gord\n+00001c90: 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 7420 616e on Matzigkeit an\n+00001ca0: 6420 596f 7368 696e 6f72 6920 4b2e 204f d Yoshinori K. 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Small amount\n+00001fd0: 7320 6f66 0a6d 6169 6e74 656e 616e 6365 s of.maintenance\n+00001fe0: 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6564 2074 6f20 6265 continued to be\n+00001ff0: 2064 6f6e 6520 6f6e 2047 5255 4220 4c65 done on GRUB Le\n+00002000: 6761 6379 2c20 6275 7420 7468 6520 6c61 gacy, but the la\n+00002010: 7374 2072 656c 6561 7365 0a28 302e 3937 st release.(0.97\n+00002020: 2920 7761 7320 6d61 6465 2069 6e20 3230 ) was made in 20\n+00002030: 3035 2061 6e64 2061 7420 7468 6520 7469 05 and at the ti\n+00002040: 6d65 206f 6620 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 me of writing it\n+00002050: 2073 6565 6d73 2075 6e6c 696b 656c 790a seems unlikely.\n+00002060: 7468 6174 2074 6865 7265 2077 696c 6c20 that there will \n+00002070: 6265 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 be another... \n+00002080: 4279 2061 726f 756e 6420 3230 3037 2c20 By around 2007, \n+00002090: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 GNU/Linux distri\n+000020a0: 6275 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6172 7465 6420 butions started \n+000020b0: 746f 2075 7365 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f to use GRUB 2 to\n+000020c0: 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 2065 7874 656e 7473 .limited extents\n+000020d0: 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2074 6865 2065 6e64 , and by the end\n+000020e0: 206f 6620 3230 3039 206d 756c 7469 706c of 2009 multipl\n+000020f0: 6520 6d61 6a6f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 e major distribu\n+00002100: 7469 6f6e 730a 7765 7265 2069 6e73 7461 tions.were insta\n+00002110: 6c6c 696e 6720 6974 2062 7920 6465 6661 lling it by defa\n+00002120: 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ult.....File: gr\n+00002130: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00002140: 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 Changes from GRU\n+00002150: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 204e 6578 743a B Legacy, Next:\n+00002160: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732c 2020 5072 6576 Features, Prev\n+00002170: 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 : History, Up: \n+00002180: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e Introduction..1.\n+00002190: 3320 4469 6666 6572 656e 6365 7320 6672 3 Differences fr\n+000021a0: 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 om previous vers\n+000021b0: 696f 6e73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ions.===========\n 000021c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n-000021e0: 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 7269 RUB 2 is a rewri\n-000021f0: 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 te of GRUB (*not\n-00002200: 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 616c e History::), al\n-00002210: 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 6573 though it shares\n-00002220: 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 7269 many.characteri\n-00002230: 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2070 stics with the p\n-00002240: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e2c revious version,\n-00002250: 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4752 now known as GR\n-00002260: 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 7273 UB Legacy..Users\n-00002270: 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 of GRUB Legacy \n-00002280: 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 may need some gu\n-00002290: 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 idance to find t\n-000022a0: 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e 640a heir way around.\n-000022b0: 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e this new version\n-000022c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f ... ... The co\n-000022d0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-000022e0: 2068 6173 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d 6520 has a new name \n-000022f0: 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 (...grub.cfg... \n-00002300: 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 rather than. \n-00002310: 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 e280 9920 ...menu.lst... \n-00002320: 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6f6e 66e2 or ...grub.conf.\n-00002330: 8099 292c 206e 6577 2073 796e 7461 7820 ..), new syntax \n-00002340: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 (*note Configura\n-00002350: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e 640a 2020 2020 tion::) and. \n-00002360: 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d 616e many new comman\n-00002370: 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e ds (*note Comman\n-00002380: 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 ds::). Configur\n-00002390: 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 650a ation cannot be.\n-000023a0: 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6f76 6572 copied over\n-000023b0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2061 6c74 686f directly, altho\n-000023c0: 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 5255 4220 4c65 ugh most GRUB Le\n-000023d0: 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 2073 686f 756c gacy users shoul\n-000023e0: 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696e 6420 d not. find \n-000023f0: 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2074 6f6f 2073 the syntax too s\n-00002400: 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 urprising... .\n-00002410: 80a2 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 .. ...grub.cfg..\n-00002420: 9920 6973 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2061 . is typically a\n-00002430: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2067 656e utomatically gen\n-00002440: 6572 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 erated by ...gru\n-00002450: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 2020 b-mkconfig.... \n-00002460: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 (*note Simple\n-00002470: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n-00002480: 292e 2020 5468 6973 206d 616b 6573 2069 ). 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The configurat\n-00002540: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 ion file is now \n-00002550: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e 2073 6f6d 6574 written in somet\n-00002560: 6869 6e67 2063 6c6f 7365 7220 746f 2061 hing closer to a\n-00002570: 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 full. scrip\n-00002580: 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 6167 653a 2076 ting language: v\n-00002590: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 636f 6e64 6974 ariables, condit\n-000025a0: 696f 6e61 6c73 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 ionals, and loop\n-000025b0: 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c s are. avail\n-000025c0: 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 able... ... A \n-000025d0: 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 small amount of \n-000025e0: 7065 7273 6973 7465 6e74 2073 746f 7261 persistent stora\n-000025f0: 6765 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 ge is available \n-00002600: 6163 726f 7373 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c0a across reboots,.\n-00002610: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 using the .\n-00002620: 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 616e ..save_env... an\n-00002630: 6420 e280 986c 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 d ...load_env...\n-00002640: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2047 5255 commands in GRU\n-00002650: 4220 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 B and the. .\n-00002660: 8098 6772 7562 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 e280 ..grub-editenv..\n-00002670: 9920 7574 696c 6974 792e 2020 5468 6973 . utility. This\n-00002680: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c is not availabl\n-00002690: 6520 696e 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f e in all. co\n-000026a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e nfigurations (*n\n-000026b0: 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ote Environment \n-000026c0: 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 block::)... ..\n-000026d0: a220 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 206d 6f72 . GRUB 2 has mor\n-000026e0: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2077 6179 7320 e reliable ways \n-000026f0: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 to find its own \n-00002700: 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7468 6f73 6520 files and those \n-00002710: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 206b of. target k\n-00002720: 6572 6e65 6c73 206f 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 ernels on multip\n-00002730: 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732c le-disk systems,\n-00002740: 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and has command\n-00002750: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7365 s (*note. se\n-00002760: 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 746f 2066 696e 6420 arch::) to find \n-00002770: 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 696e 6720 6669 devices using fi\n-00002780: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c73 le system labels\n-00002790: 206f 7220 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 790a or Universally.\n-000027a0: 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 656e Unique Iden\n-000027b0: 7469 6669 6572 7320 2855 5549 4473 292e tifiers (UUIDs).\n-000027c0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2047 5255 4220 3220 .. ... GRUB 2 \n-000027d0: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 is available for\n-000027e0: 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7468 6572 2074 several other t\n-000027f0: 7970 6573 206f 6620 7379 7374 656d 2069 ypes of system i\n-00002800: 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 n addition. \n-00002810: 746f 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 to the PC BIOS s\n-00002820: 7973 7465 6d73 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 ystems supported\n-00002830: 2062 7920 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a by GRUB Legacy:\n-00002840: 2050 4320 4546 492c 2050 430a 2020 2020 PC EFI, PC. \n-00002850: 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2050 6f77 6572 coreboot, Power\n-00002860: 5043 2c20 5350 4152 432c 2061 6e64 204d PC, SPARC, and M\n-00002870: 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f 7465 2059 6565 6c6f IPS Lemote Yeelo\n-00002880: 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 ong are all. \n-00002890: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 supported... \n-000028a0: e280 a220 4d61 6e79 206d 6f72 6520 6669 ... Many more fi\n-000028b0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2061 7265 2073 le systems are s\n-000028c0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 upported, includ\n-000028d0: 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 ing but not limi\n-000028e0: 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7434 ted to. ext4\n-000028f0: 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e 6420 4e54 4653 , HFS+, and NTFS\n-00002900: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 ... ... GRUB 2\n-00002910: 2063 616e 2072 6561 6420 6669 6c65 7320 can read files \n-00002920: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 directly from LV\n-00002930: 4d20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2064 6576 6963 M and RAID devic\n-00002940: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 6772 es... ... A gr\n-00002950: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c aphical terminal\n-00002960: 2061 6e64 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c and a graphical\n-00002970: 206d 656e 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 7265 menu system are\n-00002980: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 available... \n-00002990: e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6e74 ... GRUB 2's int\n-000029a0: 6572 6661 6365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7472 erface can be tr\n-000029b0: 616e 736c 6174 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 anslated, includ\n-000029c0: 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206e ing menu entry n\n-000029d0: 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 ames... ... Th\n-000029e0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a e image files (*\n-000029f0: 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 note Images::) t\n-00002a00: 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 hat make up GRUB\n-00002a10: 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 have been. \n-00002a20: 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 reorganised; Sta\n-00002a30: 6765 2031 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c ge 1, Stage 1.5,\n-00002a40: 2061 6e64 2053 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 and Stage 2 are\n-00002a50: 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 no more... ..\n-00002a60: a220 4752 5542 2032 2070 7574 7320 6d61 . GRUB 2 puts ma\n-00002a70: 6e79 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 696e ny facilities in\n-00002a80: 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 dynamically loa\n-00002a90: 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c ded modules, all\n-00002aa0: 6f77 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 owing. the c\n-00002ab0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 ore image to be \n-00002ac0: 736d 616c 6c65 722c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c smaller, and all\n-00002ad0: 6f77 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 owing the core i\n-00002ae0: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 mage to be. \n-00002af0: 6275 696c 7420 696e 206d 6f72 6520 666c built in more fl\n-00002b00: 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a exible ways.....\n-00002b10: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00002b20: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 Node: Features\n-00002b30: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 , Next: Role of\n-00002b40: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 a boot loader, \n-00002b50: 2050 7265 763a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 Prev: Changes f\n-00002b60: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c rom GRUB Legacy,\n-00002b70: 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 Up: Introducti\n-00002b80: 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 4752 5542 2066 6561 on..1.4 GRUB fea\n-00002b90: 7475 7265 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tures.==========\n-00002ba0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 7269 =======..The pri\n-00002bb0: 6d61 7279 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 mary requirement\n-00002bc0: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 4220 6973 2074 6861 for GRUB is tha\n-00002bd0: 7420 6974 2062 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 616e t it be complian\n-00002be0: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 t with the....Mu\n-00002bf0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n-00002c00: 6174 696f 6ee2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 ation..., which \n-00002c10: 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 is described in \n-00002c20: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a *note Multiboot.\n-00002c30: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 Specification: (\n-00002c40: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 0a0a multiboot)Top...\n-00002c50: 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 2067 6f61 The other goa\n-00002c60: 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6170 ls, listed in ap\n-00002c70: 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 6f72 6465 7220 proximate order \n-00002c80: 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 652c 2061 of importance, a\n-00002c90: 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4261 7369 re:.. ... Basi\n-00002ca0: 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 7374 c functions must\n-00002cb0: 2062 6520 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 be straightforw\n-00002cc0: 6172 6420 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 6572 ard for end-user\n-00002cd0: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 6820 s... ... Rich \n-00002ce0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f functionality to\n-00002cf0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 support kernel \n-00002d00: 6578 7065 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 7369 experts and desi\n-00002d10: 676e 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2042 gners... ... B\n-00002d20: 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ackward compatib\n-00002d30: 696c 6974 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e ility for bootin\n-00002d40: 6720 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 g FreeBSD, NetBS\n-00002d50: 442c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 640a D, OpenBSD, and.\n-00002d60: 2020 2020 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 726f Linux. Pro\n-00002d70: 7072 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 prietary kernels\n-00002d80: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 (such as DOS, W\n-00002d90: 696e 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f indows NT, and O\n-00002da0: 532f 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 S/2) are. su\n-00002db0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 pported via a ch\n-00002dc0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 ain-loading func\n-00002dd0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 tion... Except\n-00002de0: 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f for specific co\n-00002df0: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 6d6f 6465 mpatibility mode\n-00002e00: 7320 2863 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 s (chain-loading\n-00002e10: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0ae2 and the Linux..\n-00002e20: 809c 7069 6767 7962 6163 6be2 809d 2066 ..piggyback... f\n-00002e30: 6f72 6d61 7429 2c20 616c 6c20 6b65 726e ormat), all kern\n-00002e40: 656c 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7374 6172 els will be star\n-00002e50: 7465 6420 696e 206d 7563 6820 7468 6520 ted in much the \n-00002e60: 7361 6d65 2073 7461 7465 0a61 7320 696e same state.as in\n-00002e70: 2074 6865 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 the Multiboot S\n-00002e80: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f pecification. O\n-00002e90: 6e6c 7920 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6c6f 6164 nly kernels load\n-00002ea0: 6564 2061 7420 3120 6d65 6761 6279 7465 ed at 1 megabyte\n-00002eb0: 206f 720a 6162 6f76 6520 6172 6520 7072 or.above are pr\n-00002ec0: 6573 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 esently supporte\n-00002ed0: 642e 2020 416e 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 d. Any attempt \n-00002ee0: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6265 6c6f 7720 7468 to load below th\n-00002ef0: 6174 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 790a 7769 6c6c at boundary.will\n-00002f00: 2073 696d 706c 7920 7265 7375 6c74 2069 simply result i\n-00002f10: 6e20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 6520 6661 696c n immediate fail\n-00002f20: 7572 6520 616e 6420 616e 2065 7272 6f72 ure and an error\n-00002f30: 206d 6573 7361 6765 2072 6570 6f72 7469 message reporti\n-00002f40: 6e67 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a ng.the problem..\n-00002f50: 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 . In addition \n-00002f60: 746f 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 to the requireme\n-00002f70: 6e74 7320 6162 6f76 652c 2047 5255 4220 nts above, GRUB \n-00002f80: 6861 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e has the followin\n-00002f90: 670a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2028 6e6f 7465 g.features (note\n-00002fa0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 that the Multib\n-00002fb0: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n-00002fc0: 6e20 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7265 7175 6972 n doesn't requir\n-00002fd0: 6520 616c 6c20 7468 650a 6665 6174 7572 e all the.featur\n-00002fe0: 6573 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 7570 es that GRUB sup\n-00002ff0: 706f 7274 7329 3a0a 0a52 6563 6f67 6e69 ports):..Recogni\n-00003000: 7a65 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6578 6563 ze multiple exec\n-00003010: 7574 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 0a20 utable formats. \n-00003020: 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 6e79 Support many\n-00003030: 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c61 2e6f 7574 of the ...a.out\n-00003040: e280 9d20 7661 7269 616e 7473 2070 6c75 ... variants plu\n-00003050: 7320 e280 9c45 4c46 e280 9d2e 2053 796d s ...ELF.... Sym\n-00003060: 626f 6c20 7461 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 bol tables are. \n-00003070: 2020 2020 616c 736f 206c 6f61 6465 642e also loaded.\n-00003080: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4d75 ..Support non-Mu\n-00003090: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 730a ltiboot kernels.\n-000030a0: 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 206d 616e Support man\n-000030b0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6172 696f 7573 y of the various\n-000030c0: 2066 7265 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206b 6572 free 32-bit ker\n-000030d0: 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 6c61 636b 204d nels that lack M\n-000030e0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f ultiboot. co\n-000030f0: 6d70 6c69 616e 6365 2028 7072 696d 6172 mpliance (primar\n-00003100: 696c 7920 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 ily FreeBSD, Net\n-00003110: 4253 4428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 BSD(1) (*note. \n-00003120: 2020 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 Features-Foot\n-00003130: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292c 204f 7065 6e42 note-1::), OpenB\n-00003140: 5344 2c20 616e 6420 4c69 6e75 7829 2e20 SD, and Linux). \n-00003150: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f Chain-loading o\n-00003160: 660a 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f f. other boo\n-00003170: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6973 2061 6c73 t loaders is als\n-00003180: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 4c6f o supported...Lo\n-00003190: 6164 206d 756c 7469 706c 6573 206d 6f64 ad multiples mod\n-000031a0: 756c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4675 6c6c 7920 ules. Fully \n-000031b0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 support the Mult\n-000031c0: 6962 6f6f 7420 6665 6174 7572 6520 6f66 iboot feature of\n-000031d0: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c loading multipl\n-000031e0: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 e modules...Load\n-000031f0: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n-00003200: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f file. Suppo\n-00003210: 7274 2061 2068 756d 616e 2d72 6561 6461 rt a human-reada\n-00003220: 626c 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ble text configu\n-00003230: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 ration file with\n-00003240: 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 preset boot. \n-00003250: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2059 6f75 commands. You\n-00003260: 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 can also load a\n-00003270: 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 nother configura\n-00003280: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 tion file dynami\n-00003290: 6361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2065 cally. and e\n-000032a0: 6d62 6564 2061 2070 7265 7365 7420 636f mbed a preset co\n-000032b0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-000032c0: 2069 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 in a GRUB image\n-000032d0: 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 file. The. \n-000032e0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n-000032f0: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s (*note Command\n-00003300: 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7570 6572 s::) are a super\n-00003310: 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 set of those. \n-00003320: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2074 supported on t\n-00003330: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e he command-line.\n-00003340: 2020 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e An example con\n-00003350: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00003360: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 is. provided\n-00003370: 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6e66 6967 in *note Config\n-00003380: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 5072 6f76 uration::...Prov\n-00003390: 6964 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 ide a menu inter\n-000033a0: 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6d65 6e75 face. A menu\n-000033b0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 7469 interface listi\n-000033c0: 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 2063 ng preset boot c\n-000033d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 6120 ommands, with a \n-000033e0: 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 programmable. \n-000033f0: 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 6176 timeout, is av\n-00003400: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 6520 ailable. There \n-00003410: 6973 206e 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 6d69 is no fixed limi\n-00003420: 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 t on the number \n-00003430: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 of. boot ent\n-00003440: 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6375 ries, and the cu\n-00003450: 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 rrent implementa\n-00003460: 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 2066 tion has space f\n-00003470: 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 2020 or several. \n-00003480: 6875 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 2061 hundred...Have a\n-00003490: 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e flexible comman\n-000034a0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n-000034b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 2066 . A fairly f\n-000034c0: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d lexible command-\n-000034d0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 line interface, \n-000034e0: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 accessible from \n-000034f0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 the menu,. i\n-00003500: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 s available to e\n-00003510: 6469 7420 616e 7920 7072 6573 6574 2063 dit any preset c\n-00003520: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 206f 7220 7772 6974 ommands, or writ\n-00003530: 6520 6120 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 e a new boot. \n-00003540: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7420 6672 command set fr\n-00003550: 6f6d 2073 6372 6174 6368 2e20 2049 6620 om scratch. If \n-00003560: 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e no configuration\n-00003570: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 6e74 file is present\n-00003580: 2c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 ,. GRUB drop\n-00003590: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s to the command\n-000035a0: 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 -line... The\n-000035b0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n-000035c0: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s (*note Command\n-000035d0: 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 s::) are a subse\n-000035e0: 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 t of those. \n-000035f0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f supported for co\n-00003600: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00003610: 732e 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 636f 6d6d s. Editing comm\n-00003620: 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 2020 ands closely. \n-00003630: 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 6520 resembles the \n-00003640: 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Bash command-lin\n-00003650: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a 2028 e (*note Bash: (\n-00003660: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 6e64 features)Command\n-00003670: 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 Line. Editi\n-00003680: 6e67 2e29 2c20 7769 7468 203c 5441 423e ng.), with \n-00003690: 2d63 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 -completion of c\n-000036a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2064 6576 6963 6573 ommands, devices\n-000036b0: 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2c0a 2020 , partitions,. \n-000036c0: 2020 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 and files in \n-000036d0: 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6465 7065 a directory depe\n-000036e0: 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 nding on context\n-000036f0: 2e0a 0a53 7570 706f 7274 206d 756c 7469 ...Support multi\n-00003700: 706c 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 ple filesystem t\n-00003710: 7970 6573 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 ypes. Suppor\n-00003720: 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2066 696c 6573 t multiple files\n-00003730: 7973 7465 6d20 7479 7065 7320 7472 616e ystem types tran\n-00003740: 7370 6172 656e 746c 792c 2070 6c75 7320 sparently, plus \n-00003750: 6120 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 6578 a useful. ex\n-00003760: 706c 6963 6974 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 plicit blocklist\n-00003770: 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 notation. The \n-00003780: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 currently suppor\n-00003790: 7465 6420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 ted filesystem. \n-000037a0: 2020 2020 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 types are ..\n-000037b0: 9c41 6d69 6761 2046 6173 7420 4669 6c65 .Amiga Fast File\n-000037c0: 5379 7374 656d 2028 4146 4653 29e2 809d System (AFFS)...\n-000037d0: 2c20 e280 9c41 7468 654f 5320 6673 e280 , ...AtheOS fs..\n-000037e0: 9d2c 20e2 809c 4265 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 ., ...BeFS...,. \n-000037f0: 2020 2020 e280 9c42 7472 4653 e280 9d20 ...BtrFS... \n-00003800: 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2072 6169 6430 (including raid0\n-00003810: 2c20 7261 6964 312c 2072 6169 6431 302c , raid1, raid10,\n-00003820: 2067 7a69 7020 616e 6420 6c7a 6f29 2c20 gzip and lzo), \n-00003830: e280 9c63 7069 6fe2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 ...cpio.... \n-00003840: 286c 6974 746c 652d 2061 6e64 2062 6967 (little- and big\n-00003850: 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6269 6e2c 206f 6463 -endian bin, odc\n-00003860: 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6320 7661 7269 616e and newc varian\n-00003870: 7473 292c 20e2 809c 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 ts), ...Linux. \n-00003880: 2020 2065 7874 322f 6578 7433 2f65 7874 ext2/ext3/ext\n-00003890: 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c44 4f53 2046 4154 4..., ...DOS FAT\n-000038a0: 3132 2f46 4154 3136 2f46 4154 3332 e280 12/FAT16/FAT32..\n-000038b0: 9d2c 20e2 809c 6578 4641 54e2 809d 2c20 ., ...exFAT..., \n-000038c0: e280 9c46 3246 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c48 ...F2FS..., ...H\n-000038d0: 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9c48 FS...,. ...H\n-000038e0: 4653 2be2 809d 2c20 e280 9c49 534f 3936 FS+..., ...ISO96\n-000038f0: 3630 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 60... (including\n-00003900: 204a 6f6c 6965 742c 2052 6f63 6b2d 7269 Joliet, Rock-ri\n-00003910: 6467 6520 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 692d 6368 dge and multi-ch\n-00003920: 756e 6b0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 292c unk. files),\n-00003930: 20e2 809c 4a46 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c4d ...JFS..., ...M\n-00003940: 696e 6978 2066 73e2 809d 2028 7665 7273 inix fs... (vers\n-00003950: 696f 6e73 2031 2c20 3220 616e 6420 3329 ions 1, 2 and 3)\n-00003960: 2c20 e280 9c6e 696c 6673 32e2 809d 2c20 , ...nilfs2..., \n-00003970: e280 9c4e 5446 53e2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 ...NTFS.... \n-00003980: 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d 7072 (including compr\n-00003990: 6573 7369 6f6e 292c 20e2 809c 5265 6973 ession), ...Reis\n-000039a0: 6572 4653 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 524f 4d46 erFS..., ...ROMF\n-000039b0: 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c41 6d69 6761 2053 S..., ...Amiga S\n-000039c0: 6d61 7274 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c65 5379 mart. FileSy\n-000039d0: 7374 656d 2028 5346 5329 e280 9d2c 20e2 stem (SFS)..., .\n-000039e0: 809c 5371 7561 7368 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 ..Squash4..., ..\n-000039f0: 9c74 6172 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5544 46e2 .tar..., ...UDF.\n-00003a00: 809d 2c20 e280 9c42 5344 2055 4653 2f55 .., ...BSD UFS/U\n-00003a10: 4653 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c58 4653 e280 FS2..., ...XFS..\n-00003a20: 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9c5a .,. and ...Z\n-00003a30: 4653 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 FS... (including\n-00003a40: 206c 7a6a 622c 2067 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 lzjb, gzip, zle\n-00003a50: 2c20 6d69 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 7269 7065 , mirror, stripe\n-00003a60: 2c20 7261 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 , raidz1/2/3. \n-00003a70: 2020 616e 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e and encryption\n-00003a80: 2069 6e20 4145 532d 4343 4d20 616e 6420 in AES-CCM and \n-00003a90: 4145 532d 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 AES-GCM). *Note \n-00003aa0: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f Filesystem::, fo\n-00003ab0: 720a 2020 2020 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f r. more info\n-00003ac0: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 rmation...Suppor\n-00003ad0: 7420 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 6465 636f t automatic deco\n-00003ae0: 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 mpression. C\n-00003af0: 616e 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 an decompress fi\n-00003b00: 6c65 7320 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 les which were c\n-00003b10: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 6279 20e2 8098 ompressed by ...\n-00003b20: 677a 6970 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 787a gzip... or ...xz\n-00003b30: e280 9928 3229 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f ...(2). (*no\n-00003b40: 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 te Features-Foot\n-00003b50: 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 note-2::). This\n-00003b60: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 function is bot\n-00003b70: 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 640a h automatic and.\n-00003b80: 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 transparent\n-00003b90: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7573 6572 2028 692e to the user (i.\n-00003ba0: 652e 2020 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e e. all function\n-00003bb0: 7320 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 s operate upon t\n-00003bc0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 he. uncompre\n-00003bd0: 7373 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 ssed contents of\n-00003be0: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 the specified f\n-00003bf0: 696c 6573 292e 2020 5468 6973 2067 7265 iles). This gre\n-00003c00: 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6475 6365 atly. reduce\n-00003c10: 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 697a 6520 616e s a file size an\n-00003c20: 6420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2c20 d loading time, \n-00003c30: 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2067 a particularly g\n-00003c40: 7265 6174 2062 656e 6566 6974 0a20 2020 reat benefit. \n-00003c50: 2020 666f 7220 666c 6f70 7069 6573 2e28 for floppies.(\n-00003c60: 3329 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 3) (*note Featu\n-00003c70: 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d33 3a3a res-Footnote-3::\n-00003c80: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 636f ).. It is co\n-00003c90: 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 2073 nceivable that s\n-00003ca0: 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c ome kernel modul\n-00003cb0: 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 es should be loa\n-00003cc0: 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f ded in a. co\n-00003cd0: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 2c20 mpressed state, \n-00003ce0: 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d so a different m\n-00003cf0: 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 636f odule-loading co\n-00003d00: 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 mmand can be. \n-00003d10: 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 2061 specified to a\n-00003d20: 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 void uncompressi\n-00003d30: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a ng the modules..\n-00003d40: 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f 6e20 .Access data on \n-00003d50: 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6465 any installed de\n-00003d60: 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 vice. Suppor\n-00003d70: 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 2066 t reading data f\n-00003d80: 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 rom any or all f\n-00003d90: 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 6420 loppies or hard \n-00003da0: 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 6563 disk(s). rec\n-00003db0: 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 2042 ognized by the B\n-00003dc0: 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 IOS, independent\n-00003dd0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 of the setting \n-00003de0: 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 of the root. \n-00003df0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 device...Be ind\n-00003e00: 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 6976 ependent of driv\n-00003e10: 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 6e73 e geometry trans\n-00003e20: 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c lations. Unl\n-00003e30: 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 ike many other b\n-00003e40: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 5255 oot loaders, GRU\n-00003e50: 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 B makes the part\n-00003e60: 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 2020 icular drive. \n-00003e70: 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6972 translation ir\n-00003e80: 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 7269 relevant. A dri\n-00003e90: 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 ve installed and\n-00003ea0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6f6e running with on\n-00003eb0: 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 e. translati\n-00003ec0: 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 636f 6e76 6572 on may be conver\n-00003ed0: 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 ted to another t\n-00003ee0: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f ranslation witho\n-00003ef0: 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7665 ut any. adve\n-00003f00: 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 7320 6f72 2063 rse effects or c\n-00003f10: 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 hanges in GRUB's\n-00003f20: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a configuration..\n-00003f30: 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c 6c20 696e 7374 .Detect all inst\n-00003f40: 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 alled RAM. G\n-00003f50: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c RUB can generall\n-00003f60: 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 y find all the i\n-00003f70: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 414d 206f 6e20 nstalled RAM on \n-00003f80: 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 650a a PC-compatible.\n-00003f90: 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 machine. I\n-00003fa0: 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 t uses an advanc\n-00003fb0: 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 6572 7920 7465 ed BIOS query te\n-00003fc0: 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f 7220 6669 6e64 chnique for find\n-00003fd0: 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 206d 656d ing all. mem\n-00003fe0: 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 ory regions. As\n-00003ff0: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7468 described on th\n-00004000: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 e Multiboot Spec\n-00004010: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 ification (*note\n-00004020: 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 . Multiboot \n-00004030: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 Specification: (\n-00004040: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 292c multiboot)Top.),\n-00004050: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 not all kernels\n-00004060: 206d 616b 6520 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f make use. o\n-00004070: 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 f this informati\n-00004080: 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 4752 5542 2070 726f on, but GRUB pro\n-00004090: 7669 6465 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2074 686f vides it for tho\n-000040a0: 7365 2077 686f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 se who do...Supp\n-000040b0: 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 ort Logical Bloc\n-000040c0: 6b20 4164 6472 6573 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 k Address mode. \n-000040d0: 2020 2020 496e 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e In tradition\n-000040e0: 616c 2064 6973 6b20 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 al disk calls (c\n-000040f0: 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 alled ...CHS mod\n-00004100: 65e2 809d 292c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 e...), there is \n-00004110: 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 2020 2020 a geometry. \n-00004120: 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 translation prob\n-00004130: 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 lem, that is, th\n-00004140: 6520 4249 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 e BIOS cannot ac\n-00004150: 6365 7373 206f 7665 7220 3130 3234 0a20 cess over 1024. \n-00004160: 2020 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 732c 2073 cylinders, s\n-00004170: 6f20 7468 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 o the accessible\n-00004180: 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 space is limite\n-00004190: 6420 746f 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3530 d to at least 50\n-000041a0: 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 746f 8 MB. and to\n-000041b0: 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 2e20 4752 at most 8GB. GR\n-000041c0: 5542 2063 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 UB can't univers\n-000041d0: 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 ally solve this \n-000041e0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 problem, as. \n-000041f0: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 there is no sta\n-00004200: 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 ndard interface \n-00004210: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 used in all mach\n-00004220: 696e 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a ines. However,.\n-00004230: 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 several new\n-00004240: 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 er machines have\n-00004250: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 the new interfa\n-00004260: 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 ce, Logical Bloc\n-00004270: 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 k. Address (\n-00004280: e280 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 652e ...LBA...) mode.\n-00004290: 2020 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 GRUB automatic\n-000042a0: 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 ally detects if \n-000042b0: 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 LBA mode is. \n-000042c0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 available and u\n-000042d0: 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 ses it if availa\n-000042e0: 626c 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 ble. In LBA mod\n-000042f0: 652c 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 e, GRUB can acce\n-00004300: 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 ss. the enti\n-00004310: 7265 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 re disk...Suppor\n-00004320: 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e t network bootin\n-00004330: 670a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 g. GRUB is b\n-00004340: 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d asically a disk-\n-00004350: 6261 7365 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 based boot loade\n-00004360: 7220 6275 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e r but also has n\n-00004370: 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 etwork. supp\n-00004380: 6f72 742e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f ort. You can lo\n-00004390: 6164 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f ad OS images fro\n-000043a0: 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 m a network by u\n-000043b0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 5450 sing the ...TFTP\n-000043c0: e280 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f .... protoco\n-000043d0: 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f l...Support remo\n-000043e0: 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 te terminals. \n-000043f0: 2020 546f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d To support com\n-00004400: 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 puters with no c\n-00004410: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f onsole, GRUB pro\n-00004420: 7669 6465 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 vides remote ter\n-00004430: 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f minal. suppo\n-00004440: 7274 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 rt, so that you \n-00004450: 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 can control GRUB\n-00004460: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 from a remote h\n-00004470: 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 ost. Only. \n-00004480: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n-00004490: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 support is imple\n-000044a0: 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f mented at the mo\n-000044b0: 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ment.....File: g\n-000044c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000044d0: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n-000044e0: 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 tes, Up: Featur\n-000044f0: 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e es.. (1) The N\n-00004500: 6574 4253 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 etBSD/i386 kerne\n-00004510: 6c20 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 l is Multiboot-c\n-00004520: 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 ompliant, but la\n-00004530: 636b 7320 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 cks support.for \n-00004540: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 Multiboot module\n-00004550: 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 s... 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The conf\n+000022d0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 iguration file h\n+000022e0: 6173 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d 6520 28e2 as a new name (.\n+000022f0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 7261 ..grub.cfg... ra\n+00002300: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 ther than. .\n+00002310: 8098 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 e280 9920 6f72 ..menu.lst... or\n+00002320: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6f6e 66e2 8099 ...grub.conf...\n+00002330: 292c 206e 6577 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a ), new syntax (*\n+00002340: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 note Configurati\n+00002350: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e 640a 2020 2020 206d on::) and. m\n+00002360: 616e 7920 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 any new commands\n+00002370: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 (*note Commands\n+00002380: 3a3a 292e 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ::). 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Basic \n+00002ca0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 7374 2062 functions must b\n+00002cb0: 6520 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 e straightforwar\n+00002cc0: 6420 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 6572 732e d for end-users.\n+00002cd0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 6820 6675 .. ... Rich fu\n+00002ce0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f 2073 nctionality to s\n+00002cf0: 7570 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6578 upport kernel ex\n+00002d00: 7065 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 7369 676e perts and design\n+00002d10: 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2042 6163 ers... ... Bac\n+00002d20: 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c kward compatibil\n+00002d30: 6974 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 ity for booting \n+00002d40: 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 442c FreeBSD, NetBSD,\n+00002d50: 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 640a 2020 OpenBSD, and. \n+00002d60: 2020 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 726f 7072 Linux. Propr\n+00002d70: 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2028 ietary kernels (\n+00002d80: 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 696e such as DOS, Win\n+00002d90: 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f 532f dows NT, and OS/\n+00002da0: 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 2) are. supp\n+00002db0: 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 6169 orted via a chai\n+00002dc0: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 n-loading functi\n+00002dd0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 2066 on... Except f\n+00002de0: 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d70 or specific comp\n+00002df0: 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 atibility modes \n+00002e00: 2863 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 (chain-loading a\n+00002e10: 6e64 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0ae2 809c nd the Linux....\n+00002e20: 7069 6767 7962 6163 6be2 809d 2066 6f72 piggyback... for\n+00002e30: 6d61 7429 2c20 616c 6c20 6b65 726e 656c mat), all kernel\n+00002e40: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7374 6172 7465 s will be starte\n+00002e50: 6420 696e 206d 7563 6820 7468 6520 7361 d in much the sa\n+00002e60: 6d65 2073 7461 7465 0a61 7320 696e 2074 me state.as in t\n+00002e70: 6865 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 he Multiboot Spe\n+00002e80: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e6c cification. Onl\n+00002e90: 7920 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 y kernels loaded\n+00002ea0: 2061 7420 3120 6d65 6761 6279 7465 206f at 1 megabyte o\n+00002eb0: 720a 6162 6f76 6520 6172 6520 7072 6573 r.above are pres\n+00002ec0: 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e ently supported.\n+00002ed0: 2020 416e 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f Any attempt to\n+00002ee0: 206c 6f61 6420 6265 6c6f 7720 7468 6174 load below that\n+00002ef0: 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 790a 7769 6c6c 2073 boundary.will s\n+00002f00: 696d 706c 7920 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 imply result in \n+00002f10: 696d 6d65 6469 6174 6520 6661 696c 7572 immediate failur\n+00002f20: 6520 616e 6420 616e 2065 7272 6f72 206d e and an error m\n+00002f30: 6573 7361 6765 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 essage reporting\n+00002f40: 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 0a20 .the problem... \n+00002f50: 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f In addition to\n+00002f60: 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 the requirement\n+00002f70: 7320 6162 6f76 652c 2047 5255 4220 6861 s above, GRUB ha\n+00002f80: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a s the following.\n+00002f90: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2028 6e6f 7465 2074 features (note t\n+00002fa0: 6861 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f hat the Multiboo\n+00002fb0: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n+00002fc0: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7265 7175 6972 6520 doesn't require \n+00002fd0: 616c 6c20 7468 650a 6665 6174 7572 6573 all the.features\n+00002fe0: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f that GRUB suppo\n+00002ff0: 7274 7329 3a0a 0a52 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 rts):..Recognize\n+00003000: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6578 6563 7574 multiple execut\n+00003010: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 0a20 2020 able formats. \n+00003020: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 6e79 206f Support many o\n+00003030: 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c61 2e6f 7574 e280 f the ...a.out..\n+00003040: 9d20 7661 7269 616e 7473 2070 6c75 7320 . variants plus \n+00003050: e280 9c45 4c46 e280 9d2e 2053 796d 626f ...ELF.... Symbo\n+00003060: 6c20 7461 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 l tables are. \n+00003070: 2020 616c 736f 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a also loaded...\n+00003080: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4d75 6c74 Support non-Mult\n+00003090: 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 2020 iboot kernels. \n+000030a0: 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 206d 616e 7920 Support many \n+000030b0: 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6172 696f 7573 2066 of the various f\n+000030c0: 7265 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206b 6572 6e65 ree 32-bit kerne\n+000030d0: 6c73 2074 6861 7420 6c61 636b 204d 756c ls that lack Mul\n+000030e0: 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 tiboot. comp\n+000030f0: 6c69 616e 6365 2028 7072 696d 6172 696c liance (primaril\n+00003100: 7920 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 y FreeBSD, NetBS\n+00003110: 4428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 D(1) (*note. \n+00003120: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n+00003130: 7465 2d31 3a3a 292c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 te-1::), OpenBSD\n+00003140: 2c20 616e 6420 4c69 6e75 7829 2e20 2043 , and Linux). C\n+00003150: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 660a hain-loading of.\n+00003160: 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 other boot \n+00003170: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 loaders is also \n+00003180: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 supported...Load\n+00003190: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6573 206d 6f64 756c multiples modul\n+000031a0: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4675 6c6c 7920 7375 es. Fully su\n+000031b0: 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 pport the Multib\n+000031c0: 6f6f 7420 6665 6174 7572 6520 6f66 206c oot feature of l\n+000031d0: 6f61 6469 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 oading multiple \n+000031e0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 2061 modules...Load a\n+000031f0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00003200: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 ile. Support\n+00003210: 2061 2068 756d 616e 2d72 6561 6461 626c a human-readabl\n+00003220: 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 e text configura\n+00003230: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 2070 tion file with p\n+00003240: 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 reset boot. \n+00003250: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 commands. You c\n+00003260: 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f an also load ano\n+00003270: 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ther configurati\n+00003280: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 on file dynamica\n+00003290: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 lly. and emb\n+000032a0: 6564 2061 2070 7265 7365 7420 636f 6e66 ed a preset conf\n+000032b0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n+000032c0: 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 n a GRUB image f\n+000032d0: 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 206c ile. The. l\n+000032e0: 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ist of commands \n+000032f0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a (*note Commands:\n+00003300: 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7570 6572 7365 :) are a superse\n+00003310: 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 t of those. \n+00003320: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 supported on the\n+00003330: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 2020 command-line. \n+00003340: 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 An example confi\n+00003350: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 guration file is\n+00003360: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2069 . provided i\n+00003370: 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6e66 6967 7572 n *note Configur\n+00003380: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 5072 6f76 6964 ation::...Provid\n+00003390: 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 e a menu interfa\n+000033a0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6d65 6e75 2069 ce. A menu i\n+000033b0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 7469 6e67 nterface listing\n+000033c0: 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d preset boot com\n+000033d0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 mands, with a pr\n+000033e0: 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 ogrammable. \n+000033f0: 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 6176 6169 timeout, is avai\n+00003400: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 lable. There is\n+00003410: 206e 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 6d69 7420 no fixed limit \n+00003420: 6f6e 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 on the number of\n+00003430: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 . boot entri\n+00003440: 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 es, and the curr\n+00003450: 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 ent implementati\n+00003460: 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 2066 6f72 on has space for\n+00003470: 2073 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6875 several. hu\n+00003480: 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 2061 2066 ndred...Have a f\n+00003490: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d lexible command-\n+000034a0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 line interface. \n+000034b0: 2020 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 2066 6c65 A fairly fle\n+000034c0: 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 xible command-li\n+000034d0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 6163 ne interface, ac\n+000034e0: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 cessible from th\n+000034f0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 7320 e menu,. is \n+00003500: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 6469 available to edi\n+00003510: 7420 616e 7920 7072 6573 6574 2063 6f6d t any preset com\n+00003520: 6d61 6e64 732c 206f 7220 7772 6974 6520 mands, or write \n+00003530: 6120 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 a new boot. \n+00003540: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7420 6672 6f6d command set from\n+00003550: 2073 6372 6174 6368 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f scratch. If no\n+00003560: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00003570: 696c 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2c0a ile is present,.\n+00003580: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 7320 GRUB drops \n+00003590: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c to the command-l\n+000035a0: 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c ine... The l\n+000035b0: 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ist of commands \n+000035c0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a (*note Commands:\n+000035d0: 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 7420 :) are a subset \n+000035e0: 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7375 of those. su\n+000035f0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f 6e66 pported for conf\n+00003600: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e iguration files.\n+00003610: 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e Editing comman\n+00003620: 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 ds closely. \n+00003630: 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 6520 4261 resembles the Ba\n+00003640: 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 sh command-line \n+00003650: 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a 2028 6665 (*note Bash: (fe\n+00003660: 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c atures)Command L\n+00003670: 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 6e67 ine. Editing\n+00003680: 2e29 2c20 7769 7468 203c 5441 423e 2d63 .), with -c\n+00003690: 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d ompletion of com\n+000036a0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 mands, devices, \n+000036b0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2c0a 2020 2020 partitions,. \n+000036c0: 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6120 and files in a \n+000036d0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6465 7065 6e64 directory depend\n+000036e0: 696e 6720 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e0a ing on context..\n+000036f0: 0a53 7570 706f 7274 206d 756c 7469 706c .Support multipl\n+00003700: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 7970 e filesystem typ\n+00003710: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 es. Support \n+00003720: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2066 696c 6573 7973 multiple filesys\n+00003730: 7465 6d20 7479 7065 7320 7472 616e 7370 tem types transp\n+00003740: 6172 656e 746c 792c 2070 6c75 7320 6120 arently, plus a \n+00003750: 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c useful. expl\n+00003760: 6963 6974 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e icit blocklist n\n+00003770: 6f74 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 otation. The cu\n+00003780: 7272 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 rrently supporte\n+00003790: 6420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 d filesystem. \n+000037a0: 2020 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 9c41 types are ...A\n+000037b0: 6d69 6761 2046 6173 7420 4669 6c65 5379 miga Fast FileSy\n+000037c0: 7374 656d 2028 4146 4653 29e2 809d 2c20 stem (AFFS)..., \n+000037d0: e280 9c41 7468 654f 5320 6673 e280 9d2c ...AtheOS fs...,\n+000037e0: 20e2 809c 4265 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 ...BeFS...,. \n+000037f0: 2020 e280 9c42 7472 4653 e280 9d20 2869 ...BtrFS... (i\n+00003800: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2072 6169 6430 2c20 ncluding raid0, \n+00003810: 7261 6964 312c 2072 6169 6431 302c 2067 raid1, raid10, g\n+00003820: 7a69 7020 616e 6420 6c7a 6f29 2c20 e280 zip and lzo), ..\n+00003830: 9c63 7069 6fe2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 286c .cpio.... (l\n+00003840: 6974 746c 652d 2061 6e64 2062 6967 2d65 ittle- and big-e\n+00003850: 6e64 6961 6e20 6269 6e2c 206f 6463 2061 ndian bin, odc a\n+00003860: 6e64 206e 6577 6320 7661 7269 616e 7473 nd newc variants\n+00003870: 292c 20e2 809c 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 ), ...Linux. \n+00003880: 2065 7874 322f 6578 7433 2f65 7874 34e2 ext2/ext3/ext4.\n+00003890: 809d 2c20 e280 9c44 4f53 2046 4154 3132 .., ...DOS FAT12\n+000038a0: 2f46 4154 3136 2f46 4154 3332 e280 9d2c /FAT16/FAT32...,\n+000038b0: 20e2 809c 6578 4641 54e2 809d 2c20 e280 ...exFAT..., ..\n+000038c0: 9c46 3246 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c48 4653 .F2FS..., ...HFS\n+000038d0: e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9c48 4653 ...,. ...HFS\n+000038e0: 2be2 809d 2c20 e280 9c49 534f 3936 3630 +..., ...ISO9660\n+000038f0: e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 204a ... (including J\n+00003900: 6f6c 6965 742c 2052 6f63 6b2d 7269 6467 oliet, Rock-ridg\n+00003910: 6520 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 692d 6368 756e e and multi-chun\n+00003920: 6b0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 292c 20e2 k. files), .\n+00003930: 809c 4a46 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c4d 696e ..JFS..., ...Min\n+00003940: 6978 2066 73e2 809d 2028 7665 7273 696f ix fs... (versio\n+00003950: 6e73 2031 2c20 3220 616e 6420 3329 2c20 ns 1, 2 and 3), \n+00003960: e280 9c6e 696c 6673 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 ...nilfs2..., ..\n+00003970: 9c4e 5446 53e2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 2869 .NTFS.... (i\n+00003980: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 ncluding compres\n+00003990: 7369 6f6e 292c 20e2 809c 5265 6973 6572 sion), ...Reiser\n+000039a0: 4653 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 524f 4d46 53e2 FS..., ...ROMFS.\n+000039b0: 809d 2c20 e280 9c41 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 .., ...Amiga Sma\n+000039c0: 7274 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c65 5379 7374 rt. FileSyst\n+000039d0: 656d 2028 5346 5329 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c em (SFS)..., ...\n+000039e0: 5371 7561 7368 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c74 Squash4..., ...t\n+000039f0: 6172 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5544 46e2 809d ar..., ...UDF...\n+00003a00: 2c20 e280 9c42 5344 2055 4653 2f55 4653 , ...BSD UFS/UFS\n+00003a10: 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c58 4653 e280 9d2c 2..., ...XFS...,\n+00003a20: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9c5a 4653 . and ...ZFS\n+00003a30: e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206c ... (including l\n+00003a40: 7a6a 622c 2067 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 zjb, gzip, zle, \n+00003a50: 6d69 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 7269 7065 2c20 mirror, stripe, \n+00003a60: 7261 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 raidz1/2/3. \n+00003a70: 616e 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 and encryption i\n+00003a80: 6e20 4145 532d 4343 4d20 616e 6420 4145 n AES-CCM and AE\n+00003a90: 532d 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 S-GCM). *Note Fi\n+00003aa0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a lesystem::, for.\n+00003ab0: 2020 2020 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d more inform\n+00003ac0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ation...Support \n+00003ad0: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 6465 636f 6d70 automatic decomp\n+00003ae0: 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 616e ression. Can\n+00003af0: 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 decompress file\n+00003b00: 7320 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d s which were com\n+00003b10: 7072 6573 7365 6420 6279 20e2 8098 677a pressed by ...gz\n+00003b20: 6970 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 787a e280 ip... or ...xz..\n+00003b30: 9928 3229 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 .(2). (*note\n+00003b40: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n+00003b50: 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2066 te-2::). This f\n+00003b60: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 6820 unction is both \n+00003b70: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 640a 2020 automatic and. \n+00003b80: 2020 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2074 transparent t\n+00003b90: 6f20 7468 6520 7573 6572 2028 692e 652e o the user (i.e.\n+00003ba0: 2020 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 all functions \n+00003bb0: 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 operate upon the\n+00003bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 . uncompress\n+00003bd0: 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 ed contents of t\n+00003be0: 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c he specified fil\n+00003bf0: 6573 292e 2020 5468 6973 2067 7265 6174 es). This great\n+00003c00: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6475 6365 7320 ly. reduces \n+00003c10: 6120 6669 6c65 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 a file size and \n+00003c20: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 loading time, a \n+00003c30: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2067 7265 particularly gre\n+00003c40: 6174 2062 656e 6566 6974 0a20 2020 2020 at benefit. \n+00003c50: 666f 7220 666c 6f70 7069 6573 2e28 3329 for floppies.(3)\n+00003c60: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 (*note Feature\n+00003c70: 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a s-Footnote-3::).\n+00003c80: 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 636f 6e63 . It is conc\n+00003c90: 6569 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 2073 6f6d eivable that som\n+00003ca0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 e kernel modules\n+00003cb0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 should be loade\n+00003cc0: 6420 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 d in a. comp\n+00003cd0: 7265 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 2c20 736f ressed state, so\n+00003ce0: 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 a different mod\n+00003cf0: 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 636f 6d6d ule-loading comm\n+00003d00: 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 and can be. \n+00003d10: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 2061 766f specified to avo\n+00003d20: 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6e67 id uncompressing\n+00003d30: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 the modules...A\n+00003d40: 6363 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f 6e20 616e ccess data on an\n+00003d50: 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6465 7669 y installed devi\n+00003d60: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ce. Support \n+00003d70: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 2066 726f reading data fro\n+00003d80: 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f m any or all flo\n+00003d90: 7070 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 ppies or hard di\n+00003da0: 736b 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6f67 sk(s). recog\n+00003db0: 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 2042 494f nized by the BIO\n+00003dc0: 532c 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f S, independent o\n+00003dd0: 6620 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 f the setting of\n+00003de0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 the root. d\n+00003df0: 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 6570 evice...Be indep\n+00003e00: 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 6976 6520 endent of drive \n+00003e10: 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 geometry transla\n+00003e20: 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 696b tions. Unlik\n+00003e30: 6520 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f e many other boo\n+00003e40: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 5255 4220 t loaders, GRUB \n+00003e50: 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 makes the partic\n+00003e60: 756c 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 ular drive. \n+00003e70: 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6972 7265 translation irre\n+00003e80: 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 7269 7665 levant. A drive\n+00003e90: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 2072 installed and r\n+00003ea0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 650a unning with one.\n+00003eb0: 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e translation\n+00003ec0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 636f 6e76 6572 7465 may be converte\n+00003ed0: 6420 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 7261 d to another tra\n+00003ee0: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f 7574 nslation without\n+00003ef0: 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7665 7273 any. advers\n+00003f00: 6520 6566 6665 6374 7320 6f72 2063 6861 e effects or cha\n+00003f10: 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 2063 nges in GRUB's c\n+00003f20: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 onfiguration...D\n+00003f30: 6574 6563 7420 616c 6c20 696e 7374 616c etect all instal\n+00003f40: 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 led RAM. GRU\n+00003f50: 4220 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 B can generally \n+00003f60: 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 find all the ins\n+00003f70: 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 414d 206f 6e20 6120 talled RAM on a \n+00003f80: 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 650a 2020 PC-compatible. \n+00003f90: 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 machine. It \n+00003fa0: 7573 6573 2061 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 uses an advanced\n+00003fb0: 2042 494f 5320 7175 6572 7920 7465 6368 BIOS query tech\n+00003fc0: 6e69 7175 6520 666f 7220 6669 6e64 696e nique for findin\n+00003fd0: 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 g all. memor\n+00003fe0: 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 2064 y regions. As d\n+00003ff0: 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 escribed on the \n+00004000: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n+00004010: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 ication (*note. \n+00004020: 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 Multiboot Sp\n+00004030: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 ecification: (mu\n+00004040: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 292c 206e ltiboot)Top.), n\n+00004050: 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206d ot all kernels m\n+00004060: 616b 6520 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 ake use. of \n+00004070: 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e this information\n+00004080: 2c20 6275 7420 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 , but GRUB provi\n+00004090: 6465 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2074 686f 7365 des it for those\n+000040a0: 2077 686f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 who do...Suppor\n+000040b0: 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 t Logical Block \n+000040c0: 4164 6472 6573 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 Address mode. \n+000040d0: 2020 496e 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c In traditional\n+000040e0: 2064 6973 6b20 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c disk calls (cal\n+000040f0: 6c65 6420 e280 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 led ...CHS mode.\n+00004100: 809d 292c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 ..), there is a \n+00004110: 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7472 geometry. tr\n+00004120: 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 anslation proble\n+00004130: 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 m, that is, the \n+00004140: 4249 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 BIOS cannot acce\n+00004150: 7373 206f 7665 7220 3130 3234 0a20 2020 ss over 1024. \n+00004160: 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 732c 2073 6f20 cylinders, so \n+00004170: 7468 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 the accessible s\n+00004180: 7061 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 pace is limited \n+00004190: 746f 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3530 3820 to at least 508 \n+000041a0: 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 746f 2061 MB. and to a\n+000041b0: 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 2e20 4752 5542 t most 8GB. GRUB\n+000041c0: 2063 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c can't universal\n+000041d0: 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 7072 ly solve this pr\n+000041e0: 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 oblem, as. t\n+000041f0: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 here is no stand\n+00004200: 6172 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7573 ard interface us\n+00004210: 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 696e ed in all machin\n+00004220: 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 es. However,. \n+00004230: 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 6572 several newer\n+00004240: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 2074 machines have t\n+00004250: 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 he new interface\n+00004260: 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a , Logical Block.\n+00004270: 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 e280 Address (..\n+00004280: 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 652e 2020 .LBA...) mode. \n+00004290: 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c GRUB automatical\n+000042a0: 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 ly detects if LB\n+000042b0: 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 A mode is. a\n+000042c0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 vailable and use\n+000042d0: 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c s it if availabl\n+000042e0: 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c e. In LBA mode,\n+000042f0: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 GRUB can access\n+00004300: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 . the entire\n+00004310: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 disk...Support \n+00004320: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a network booting.\n+00004330: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 GRUB is bas\n+00004340: 6963 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 ically a disk-ba\n+00004350: 7365 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 sed boot loader \n+00004360: 6275 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 but also has net\n+00004370: 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 work. suppor\n+00004380: 742e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 t. You can load\n+00004390: 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 OS images from \n+000043a0: 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 a network by usi\n+000043b0: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 5450 e280 ng the ...TFTP..\n+000043c0: 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e .. protocol.\n+000043d0: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 ..Support remote\n+000043e0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 terminals. \n+000043f0: 546f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 To support compu\n+00004400: 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e ters with no con\n+00004410: 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 sole, GRUB provi\n+00004420: 6465 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 des remote termi\n+00004430: 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 nal. support\n+00004440: 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 , so that you ca\n+00004450: 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 n control GRUB f\n+00004460: 726f 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 rom a remote hos\n+00004470: 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 t. Only. se\n+00004480: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 rial terminal su\n+00004490: 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 pport is impleme\n+000044a0: 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 nted at the mome\n+000044b0: 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 nt.....File: gru\n+000044c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 b.info, Node: F\n+000044d0: 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 eatures-Footnote\n+000044e0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 s, Up: Features\n+000044f0: 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 .. (1) The Net\n+00004500: 4253 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 BSD/i386 kernel \n+00004510: 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d is Multiboot-com\n+00004520: 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b pliant, but lack\n+00004530: 7320 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 s support.for Mu\n+00004540: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e ltiboot modules.\n+00004550: 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 .. 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(3) Ther\n+000045f0: 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 e are a few path\n+00004600: 6f6c 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 ological cases w\n+00004610: 6865 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 here loading a v\n+00004620: 6572 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 ery badly.organi\n+00004630: 7a65 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d zed ELF kernel m\n+00004640: 6967 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 ight take longer\n+00004650: 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 , but in practic\n+00004660: 6520 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 e this never.hap\n+00004670: 7065 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 pen.....File: gr\n+00004680: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00004690: 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c Role of a boot l\n+000046a0: 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 oader, Prev: Fe\n+000046b0: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 atures, Up: Int\n+000046c0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 roduction..1.5 T\n+000046d0: 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f he role of a boo\n+000046e0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d t loader.=======\n 000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f ========..The fo\n-00004710: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f llowing is a quo\n-00004720: 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 tation from Gord\n-00004730: 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 on Matzigkeit, a\n-00004740: 2047 5255 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a GRUB fanatic:..\n-00004750: 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 Some people\n-00004760: 206c 696b 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c like to acknowl\n-00004770: 6564 6765 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 edge both the op\n-00004780: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 erating system a\n-00004790: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 nd. kernel w\n-000047a0: 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 hen they talk ab\n-000047b0: 6f75 7420 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 out their comput\n-000047c0: 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 ers, so they mig\n-000047d0: 6874 2073 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 ht say they. \n-000047e0: 2075 7365 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 use \"GNU/Linux\"\n-000047f0: 206f 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 or \"GNU/Hurd\". \n-00004800: 204f 7468 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 Other people se\n-00004810: 656d 2074 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 em to think that\n-00004820: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c the. kernel\n-00004830: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 is the most imp\n-00004840: 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 ortant part of t\n-00004850: 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 he system, so th\n-00004860: 6579 206c 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ey like to. \n-00004870: 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f call their GNU o\n-00004880: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-00004890: 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e \"Linux systems.\n-000048a0: 220a 0a20 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f \".. I, perso\n-000048b0: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 nally, believe t\n-000048c0: 6861 7420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 hat this is a gr\n-000048d0: 6176 6520 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 ave injustice, b\n-000048e0: 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ecause the. \n-000048f0: 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 _boot loader_ is\n-00004900: 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 the most import\n-00004910: 616e 7420 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 ant software of \n-00004920: 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a all. I used to.\n-00004930: 2020 2020 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 refer to th\n-00004940: 6520 6162 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 e above systems \n-00004950: 6173 2065 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 as either \"LILO\"\n-00004960: 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 (1) (*note Role \n-00004970: 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c of a. boot l\n-00004980: 6f61 6465 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 oader-Footnote-1\n-00004990: 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 ::) or \"GRUB\" sy\n-000049a0: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 stems... Unf\n-000049b0: 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f ortunately, nobo\n-000049c0: 6479 2065 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f dy ever understo\n-000049d0: 6f64 2077 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 od what I was ta\n-000049e0: 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 lking about; now\n-000049f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 . I just use\n-00004a00: 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 the word \"GNU\" \n-00004a10: 6173 2061 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 as a pseudonym f\n-00004a20: 6f72 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 or GRUB... S\n-00004a30: 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 o, if you ever h\n-00004a40: 6561 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 ear people talki\n-00004a50: 6e67 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 ng about their a\n-00004a60: 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 lleged \"GNU\". \n-00004a70: 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d systems, remem\n-00004a80: 6265 7220 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 ber that they ar\n-00004a90: 6520 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e e actually payin\n-00004aa0: 6720 686f 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 g homage to the \n-00004ab0: 6265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c best. boot l\n-00004ac0: 6f61 6465 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 oader around... \n-00004ad0: 4752 5542 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 GRUB!.. 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(1)\n-00004c10: 2054 6865 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 The LInux LOade\n-00004c20: 722c 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 r, a boot loader\n-00004c30: 2074 6861 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 that everybody \n-00004c40: 7573 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 uses, but nobody\n-00004c50: 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a .likes.....File:\n-00004c60: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00004c70: 653a 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e e: Naming conven\n-00004c80: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d tion, Next: OS-\n-00004c90: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 specific notes a\n-00004ca0: 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c bout grub tools,\n-00004cb0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 Prev: Introduc\n-00004cc0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a tion, Up: Top..\n-00004cd0: 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 2 Naming convent\n-00004ce0: 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ion.************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 *******..The dev\n-00004d00: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 ice syntax used \n-00004d10: 696e 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 in GRUB is a wee\n-00004d20: 2062 6974 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 bit different f\n-00004d30: 726f 6d20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 rom what you may\n-00004d40: 0a68 6176 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 .have seen befor\n-00004d50: 6520 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 e in your operat\n-00004d60: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 ing system(s), a\n-00004d70: 6e64 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b nd you need to k\n-00004d80: 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 now it so.that y\n-00004d90: 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 ou can specify a\n-00004da0: 2064 7269 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e drive/partition\n-00004db0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 ... 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Of c\n-000052d0: 6f75 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c ourse, to actual\n-000052e0: 6c79 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 ly access the di\n-000052f0: 736b 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e sks or partition\n-00005300: 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 s with GRUB, you\n-00005310: 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 .need to use the\n-00005320: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 device specific\n-00005330: 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 ation in a comma\n-00005340: 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 7420 nd, like ...set \n-00005350: 726f 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a 6f72 root=(fd0)....or\n-00005360: 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 ...parttool (hd\n-00005370: 302c 6d73 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 0,msdos3) hidden\n-00005380: 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 -.... To help y\n-00005390: 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 ou find out whic\n-000053a0: 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 6669 h number.specifi\n-000053b0: 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 es a partition y\n-000053c0: 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 5255 ou want, the GRU\n-000053d0: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 B command-line (\n-000053e0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 *note.Command-li\n-000053f0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 ne interface::) \n-00005400: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 7267 options have arg\n-00005410: 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e ument completion\n-00005420: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a 7468 . This means.th\n-00005430: 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c at, for example,\n-00005440: 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 you only need t\n-00005450: 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 o type.. set\n-00005460: 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c root=(.. foll\n-00005470: 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c owed by a ,\n-00005480: 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 and GRUB will d\n-00005490: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 isplay the list \n-000054a0: 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 7469 of drives,.parti\n-000054b0: 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 206e tions, or file n\n-000054c0: 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 686f ames. So it sho\n-000054d0: 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 uld be quite eas\n-000054e0: 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 y to determine t\n-000054f0: 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 he.name of your \n-00005500: 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e target partition\n-00005510: 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 , even with mini\n-00005520: 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 mal knowledge of\n-00005530: 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 the.syntax... \n-00005540: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 Note that GRUB \n-00005550: 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 7469 does _not_ disti\n-00005560: 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f 6d20 nguish IDE from \n-00005570: 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 SCSI - it simply\n-00005580: 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 .counts the driv\n-00005590: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 207a e numbers from z\n-000055a0: 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 7320 ero, regardless \n-000055b0: 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e 2020 of their type. \n-000055c0: 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 Normally,.any ID\n-000055d0: 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 E drive number i\n-000055e0: 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e 7920 s less than any \n-000055f0: 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 SCSI drive numbe\n-00005600: 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 6174 r, although that\n-00005610: 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 6620 .is not true if \n-00005620: 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 you change the b\n-00005630: 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 7920 oot sequence by \n-00005640: 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 6e64 swapping IDE and\n-00005650: 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 SCSI.drives in \n-00005660: 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 204e your BIOS... N\n-00005670: 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 ow the question \n-00005680: 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 is, how to speci\n-00005690: 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 6169 fy a file? Agai\n-000056a0: 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e 0a65 n, consider an.e\n-000056b0: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 xample:.. (h\n-000056c0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e d0,msdos1)/vmlin\n-000056d0: 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 uz.. This spec\n-000056e0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e ifies the file n\n-000056f0: 616d 6564 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 amed ...vmlinuz.\n-00005700: 8099 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 .., found on the\n-00005710: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n-00005720: 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 .of the first ha\n-00005730: 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk drive. \n-00005740: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 Note that the ar\n-00005750: 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f gument completio\n-00005760: 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c n works.with fil\n-00005770: 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 e names, too... \n-00005780: 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c That was easy,\n-00005790: 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 admit it. Now \n-000057a0: 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 read the next ch\n-000057b0: 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f apter, to find o\n-000057c0: 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c ut how.to actual\n-000057d0: 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 ly install GRUB \n-000057e0: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a on your drive...\n-000057f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00005800: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 o, Node: OS-spe\n-00005810: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 cific notes abou\n-00005820: 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e t grub tools, N\n-00005830: 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f ext: Installatio\n-00005840: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 n, Prev: Naming\n-00005850: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 convention, Up\n-00005860: 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 : Top..3 OS-spec\n-00005870: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 ific notes about\n-00005880: 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a grub tools.****\n+00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c ======..The foll\n+00004710: 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 owing is a quota\n+00004720: 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e tion from Gordon\n+00004730: 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 Matzigkeit, a G\n+00004740: 5255 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 RUB fanatic:.. \n+00004750: 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c Some people l\n+00004760: 696b 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 ike to acknowled\n+00004770: 6765 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 ge both the oper\n+00004780: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 ating system and\n+00004790: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 . kernel whe\n+000047a0: 6e20 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 n they talk abou\n+000047b0: 7420 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 t their computer\n+000047c0: 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 s, so they might\n+000047d0: 2073 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 say they. u\n+000047e0: 7365 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f se \"GNU/Linux\" o\n+000047f0: 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f r \"GNU/Hurd\". O\n+00004800: 7468 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d ther people seem\n+00004810: 2074 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 to think that t\n+00004820: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 he. kernel i\n+00004830: 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 s the most impor\n+00004840: 7461 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 tant part of the\n+00004850: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 system, so they\n+00004860: 206c 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 like to. ca\n+00004870: 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 ll their GNU ope\n+00004880: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 rating systems \"\n+00004890: 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a Linux systems.\".\n+000048a0: 0a20 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 . I, persona\n+000048b0: 6c6c 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 lly, believe tha\n+000048c0: 7420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 t this is a grav\n+000048d0: 6520 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 e injustice, bec\n+000048e0: 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 ause the. _b\n+000048f0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 oot loader_ is t\n+00004900: 6865 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e he most importan\n+00004910: 7420 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c t software of al\n+00004920: 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 l. I used to. \n+00004930: 2020 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 refer to the \n+00004940: 6162 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 above systems as\n+00004950: 2065 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 either \"LILO\"(1\n+00004960: 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 ) (*note Role of\n+00004970: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 a. boot loa\n+00004980: 6465 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a der-Footnote-1::\n+00004990: 2920 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 ) or \"GRUB\" syst\n+000049a0: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 ems... Unfor\n+000049b0: 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 tunately, nobody\n+000049c0: 2065 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 ever understood\n+000049d0: 2077 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b what I was talk\n+000049e0: 696e 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 ing about; now. \n+000049f0: 2020 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 I just use t\n+00004a00: 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 he word \"GNU\" as\n+00004a10: 2061 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 a pseudonym for\n+00004a20: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c GRUB... So,\n+00004a30: 2069 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 if you ever hea\n+00004a40: 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 r people talking\n+00004a50: 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c about their all\n+00004a60: 6567 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 eged \"GNU\". \n+00004a70: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 systems, remembe\n+00004a80: 7220 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 r that they are \n+00004a90: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 actually paying \n+00004aa0: 686f 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 homage to the be\n+00004ab0: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 st. boot loa\n+00004ac0: 6465 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 der around... GR\n+00004ad0: 5542 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 UB!.. We, the \n+00004ae0: 4752 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 GRUB maintainers\n+00004af0: 2c20 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c , do not (usuall\n+00004b00: 7929 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 y) encourage Gor\n+00004b10: 646f 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 don's level.of f\n+00004b20: 616e 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 anaticism, but i\n+00004b30: 7420 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d t helps to remem\n+00004b40: 6265 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ber that boot lo\n+00004b50: 6164 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 aders deserve.re\n+00004b60: 636f 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 cognition. We h\n+00004b70: 6f70 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a ope that you enj\n+00004b80: 6f79 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 oy using GNU GRU\n+00004b90: 4220 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 B as much as we \n+00004ba0: 6469 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a did.writing it..\n+00004bb0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00004bc0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 fo, Node: Role \n+00004bd0: 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 of a boot loader\n+00004be0: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a -Footnotes, Up:\n+00004bf0: 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 Role of a boot \n+00004c00: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 loader.. (1) T\n+00004c10: 6865 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c he LInux LOader,\n+00004c20: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 a boot loader t\n+00004c30: 6861 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 hat everybody us\n+00004c40: 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c es, but nobody.l\n+00004c50: 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ikes.....File: g\n+00004c60: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00004c70: 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 Naming conventi\n+00004c80: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 on, Next: OS-sp\n+00004c90: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f ecific notes abo\n+00004ca0: 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 ut grub tools, \n+00004cb0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 Prev: Introducti\n+00004cc0: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 on, Up: Top..2 \n+00004cd0: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n+00004ce0: 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n.**************\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 *****..The devic\n+00004d00: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e e syntax used in\n+00004d10: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 GRUB is a wee b\n+00004d20: 6974 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f it different fro\n+00004d30: 6d20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 m what you may.h\n+00004d40: 6176 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 ave seen before \n+00004d50: 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e in your operatin\n+00004d60: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 g system(s), and\n+00004d70: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f you need to kno\n+00004d80: 7720 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 w it so.that you\n+00004d90: 2063 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 can specify a d\n+00004da0: 7269 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a rive/partition..\n+00004db0: 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 . Look at the \n+00004dc0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c following exampl\n+00004dd0: 6573 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 es and explanati\n+00004de0: 6f6e 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 ons:.. (fd0)\n+00004df0: 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c .. First of al\n+00004e00: 6c2c 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 l, GRUB requires\n+00004e10: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 that the device\n+00004e20: 206e 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 name be enclose\n+00004e30: 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 d with ...(....a\n+00004e40: 6e64 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 nd ...).... The\n+00004e50: 20e2 8098 6664 e280 9920 7061 7274 206d ...fd... part m\n+00004e60: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 eans that it is \n+00004e70: 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 a floppy disk. \n+00004e80: 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 The number ...0.\n+00004e90: 8099 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 ...is the drive \n+00004ea0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 number, which is\n+00004eb0: 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a counted from _z\n+00004ec0: 6572 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 ero_. This expr\n+00004ed0: 6573 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 ession.means tha\n+00004ee0: 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 t GRUB will use \n+00004ef0: 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 the whole floppy\n+00004f00: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 disk... (hd\n+00004f10: 302c 6d73 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 0,msdos2).. He\n+00004f20: 7265 2c20 e280 9868 64e2 8099 206d 6561 re, ...hd... mea\n+00004f30: 6e73 2069 7420 6973 2061 2068 6172 6420 ns it is a hard \n+00004f40: 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2054 6865 disk drive. The\n+00004f50: 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 first integer .\n+00004f60: 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 ..0....indicates\n+00004f70: 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 the drive numbe\n+00004f80: 722c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 r, that is, the \n+00004f90: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c first hard disk,\n+00004fa0: 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a e280 986d the string....m\n+00004fb0: 7364 6f73 e280 9920 696e 6469 6361 7465 sdos... indicate\n+00004fc0: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 s the partition \n+00004fd0: 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 scheme, while th\n+00004fe0: 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 e second integer\n+00004ff0: 2c20 e280 9832 e280 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 , ...2...,.indic\n+00005000: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 ates the partiti\n+00005010: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 on number (or th\n+00005020: 6520 5043 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 e PC slice numbe\n+00005030: 7220 696e 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 r in the BSD.ter\n+00005040: 6d69 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 minology). The \n+00005050: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 partition number\n+00005060: 7320 6172 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 s are counted fr\n+00005070: 6f6d 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 om _one_, not fr\n+00005080: 6f6d 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 om.zero (as was \n+00005090: 7468 6520 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 the case in prev\n+000050a0: 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 ious versions of\n+000050b0: 2047 5255 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 GRUB). This exp\n+000050c0: 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 ression.means th\n+000050d0: 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 e second partiti\n+000050e0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on of the first \n+000050f0: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e hard disk drive.\n+00005100: 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a In this case,.\n+00005110: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 GRUB uses one pa\n+00005120: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 rtition of the d\n+00005130: 6973 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 isk, instead of \n+00005140: 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a the whole disk..\n+00005150: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 . (hd0,msdos\n+00005160: 3529 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 5).. This spec\n+00005170: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ifies the first \n+00005180: e280 9c65 7874 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 ...extended part\n+00005190: 6974 696f 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 ition... of the \n+000051a0: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b0a first hard disk.\n+000051b0: 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 drive. Note tha\n+000051c0: 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 t the partition \n+000051d0: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 6578 7465 numbers for exte\n+000051e0: 6e64 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 nded partitions \n+000051f0: 6172 650a 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d are.counted from\n+00005200: 20e2 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 6761 7264 ...5..., regard\n+00005210: 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6163 7475 less of the actu\n+00005220: 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2070 7269 al number of pri\n+00005230: 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 730a mary partitions.\n+00005240: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 on your hard dis\n+00005250: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 312c 6d73 k... (hd1,ms\n+00005260: 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 dos1,bsd1).. T\n+00005270: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 4253 his means the BS\n+00005280: 4420 e280 9861 e280 9920 7061 7274 6974 D ...a... partit\n+00005290: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 ion on first PC \n+000052a0: 736c 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 slice number of \n+000052b0: 7468 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 the.second hard \n+000052c0: 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 disk... Of cou\n+000052d0: 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 rse, to actually\n+000052e0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b access the disk\n+000052f0: 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 s or partitions \n+00005300: 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e with GRUB, you.n\n+00005310: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 eed to use the d\n+00005320: 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 evice specificat\n+00005330: 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ion in a command\n+00005340: 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f , like ...set ro\n+00005350: 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a 6f72 20e2 ot=(fd0)....or .\n+00005360: 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c ..parttool (hd0,\n+00005370: 6d73 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 2de2 msdos3) hidden-.\n+00005380: 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 ... To help you\n+00005390: 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 find out which \n+000053a0: 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6573 number.specifies\n+000053b0: 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 a partition you\n+000053c0: 2077 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 want, the GRUB \n+000053d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e command-line (*n\n+000053e0: 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ote.Command-line\n+000053f0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 interface::) op\n+00005400: 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 7267 756d tions have argum\n+00005410: 656e 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 ent completion. \n+00005420: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 This means.that\n+00005430: 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 , for example, y\n+00005440: 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ou only need to \n+00005450: 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 type.. set r\n+00005460: 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 oot=(.. follow\n+00005470: 6564 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 ed by a , a\n+00005480: 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 nd GRUB will dis\n+00005490: 706c 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 play the list of\n+000054a0: 2064 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 7469 7469 drives,.partiti\n+000054b0: 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 206e 616d ons, or file nam\n+000054c0: 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c es. So it shoul\n+000054d0: 6420 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 d be quite easy \n+000054e0: 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 to determine the\n+000054f0: 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 .name of your ta\n+00005500: 7267 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 rget partition, \n+00005510: 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 even with minima\n+00005520: 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 l knowledge of t\n+00005530: 6865 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e he.syntax... N\n+00005540: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f ote that GRUB do\n+00005550: 6573 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 es _not_ disting\n+00005560: 7569 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 uish IDE from SC\n+00005570: 5349 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 SI - it simply.c\n+00005580: 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 ounts the drive \n+00005590: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 numbers from zer\n+000055a0: 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 o, regardless of\n+000055b0: 2074 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f their type. No\n+000055c0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 rmally,.any IDE \n+000055d0: 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 drive number is \n+000055e0: 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 less than any SC\n+000055f0: 5349 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c SI drive number,\n+00005600: 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 although that.i\n+00005610: 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f s not true if yo\n+00005620: 7520 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f u change the boo\n+00005630: 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 t sequence by sw\n+00005640: 6170 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 apping IDE and S\n+00005650: 4353 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f CSI.drives in yo\n+00005660: 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 ur BIOS... Now\n+00005670: 2074 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 the question is\n+00005680: 2c20 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 , how to specify\n+00005690: 2061 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c a file? Again,\n+000056a0: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 consider an.exa\n+000056b0: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 mple:.. (hd0\n+000056c0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a ,msdos1)/vmlinuz\n+000056d0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 .. This specif\n+000056e0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d ies the file nam\n+000056f0: 6564 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 ed ...vmlinuz...\n+00005700: 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 , found on the f\n+00005710: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f irst partition.o\n+00005720: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n+00005730: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f disk drive. No\n+00005740: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 6775 te that the argu\n+00005750: 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 ment completion \n+00005760: 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c 6520 works.with file \n+00005770: 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 names, too... \n+00005780: 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c 2061 That was easy, a\n+00005790: 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 dmit it. Now re\n+000057a0: 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 6170 ad the next chap\n+000057b0: 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f 7574 ter, to find out\n+000057c0: 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 how.to actually\n+000057d0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e install GRUB on\n+000057e0: 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a your drive.....\n+000057f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00005800: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 Node: OS-speci\n+00005810: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 fic notes about \n+00005820: 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 grub tools, Nex\n+00005830: 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c t: Installation,\n+00005840: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 Prev: Naming c\n+00005850: 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 onvention, Up: \n+00005860: 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Top..3 OS-specif\n+00005870: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 ic notes about g\n+00005880: 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rub tools.******\n 00005890: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058b0: 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 ..On OS which ha\n-000058c0: 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 ve device nodes \n-000058d0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d similar to Unix-\n-000058e0: 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f like OS GRUB too\n-000058f0: 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 ls use the.OS na\n-00005900: 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 me. E.g. for G\n-00005910: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 NU/Linux:.. \n-00005920: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f # grub-install /\n-00005930: 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 dev/sda.. On A\n-00005940: 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 ROS we use anoth\n-00005950: 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 er syntax. For \n-00005960: 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f volumes:.. /\n-00005970: 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 3e0a /:.\n-00005980: 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f . E.g... /\n-00005990: 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 /:DH0.. For di\n-000059a0: 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 sks we use synta\n-000059b0: 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 x:. //:/unit/fl\n-000059d0: 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 ags.. E.g... \n-000059e0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-000059f0: 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f l //:ata.device/\n-00005a00: 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 0/0.. On Windo\n-00005a10: 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 ws we use UNC pa\n-00005a20: 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 th. For volumes\n-00005a30: 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a it's typically.\n-00005a40: 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 . \\\\?\\Volume\n-00005a50: 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c {}. \\\\\n-00005a60: 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 7465 723e ?\\\n-00005a70: 3a0a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 :.. E.g... \n-00005a80: 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 \\\\?\\Volume{17f3\n-00005a90: 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 4d50-cf64-4b02-8\n-00005aa0: 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 00e-51d79c3aa2ff\n-00005ab0: 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 }. \\\\?\\C:.. \n-00005ac0: 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 For disks it's\n-00005ad0: 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 .. \\\\?\\Physi\n-00005ae0: 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e calDrive\n-00005af0: 0a0a 2020 2045 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 .. E.g... \n-00005b00: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c # grub-install \\\n-00005b10: 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 \\?\\PhysicalDrive\n-00005b20: 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 0.. Beware tha\n-00005b30: 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 t you may need t\n-00005b40: 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 o further escape\n-00005b50: 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 the backslashes\n-00005b60: 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f depending.on yo\n-00005b70: 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 ur shell... Wh\n-00005b80: 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 en compiled with\n-00005b90: 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 cygwin support \n-00005ba0: 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 then cygwin driv\n-00005bb0: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f e names are.auto\n-00005bc0: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e matically when n\n-00005bd0: 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 eeded. E.g... \n-00005be0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-00005bf0: 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 l /dev/sda....Fi\n-00005c00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00005c10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 Node: Installati\n-00005c20: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 on, Next: Booti\n-00005c30: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 ng, Prev: OS-sp\n-00005c40: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f ecific notes abo\n-00005c50: 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 ut grub tools, \n-00005c60: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 Up: Top..4 Insta\n-00005c70: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a llation.********\n-00005c80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 ******..In order\n-00005c90: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to install GRUB\n-00005ca0: 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f as your boot lo\n-00005cb0: 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 ader, you need t\n-00005cc0: 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a o first install.\n-00005cd0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 the GRUB system \n-00005ce0: 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e and utilities un\n-00005cf0: 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 der your UNIX-li\n-00005d00: 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ke operating sys\n-00005d10: 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 tem.(*note Obtai\n-00005d20: 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e ning and Buildin\n-00005d30: 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 g GRUB::). You \n-00005d40: 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 can do this eith\n-00005d50: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 er from the.sour\n-00005d60: 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 ce tarball, or a\n-00005d70: 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 s a package for \n-00005d80: 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 your OS... Aft\n-00005d90: 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 er you have done\n-00005da0: 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 that, you need \n-00005db0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 to install the b\n-00005dc0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a oot loader on a.\n-00005dd0: 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 drive (floppy or\n-00005de0: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 hard disk) by u\n-00005df0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 sing the utility\n-00005e00: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-00005e10: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b ... (*note.Invok\n-00005e20: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n-00005e30: 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 ::) on a UNIX-li\n-00005e40: 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 ke OS... GRUB \n-00005e50: 636f 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 comes with boot \n-00005e60: 696d 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 images, which ar\n-00005e70: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 e normally put i\n-00005e80: 6e20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a n the directory.\n-00005e90: e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 .../usr/lib/grub\n-00005ea0: 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c 706c 6174 666f 726d /-... (for BIOS-b\n-00005ec0: 6173 6564 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a e280 ased machines...\n-00005ed0: 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 ./usr/lib/grub/i\n-00005ee0: 3338 362d 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 6572 386-pc...). Her\n-00005ef0: 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 7265 eafter, the dire\n-00005f00: 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 ctory where GRUB\n-00005f10: 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e 6974 images.are init\n-00005f20: 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 6e6f ially placed (no\n-00005f30: 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c rmally .../usr/l\n-00005f40: 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 ib/grub/-...) wil\n-00005f60: 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 l be.called the \n-00005f70: e280 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f ...image directo\n-00005f80: 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 ry..., and the d\n-00005f90: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 irectory where t\n-00005fa0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e he boot loader.n\n-00005fb0: 6565 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 eeds to find the\n-00005fc0: 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 m (usually .../b\n-00005fd0: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 oot...) will be \n-00005fe0: 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f called the ...bo\n-00005ff0: 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2e ot.directory....\n-00006000: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 ..* Menu:..* Ins\n-00006010: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 talling GRUB usi\n-00006020: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a ng grub-install:\n-00006030: 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 :.* Making a GRU\n-00006040: 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f B bootable CD-RO\n-00006050: 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 M::.* Device map\n-00006060: 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c ::.* BIOS instal\n-00006070: 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 lation::....File\n-00006080: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00006090: 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 de: Installing G\n-000060a0: 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 RUB using grub-i\n-000060b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d nstall, Next: M\n-000060c0: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n-000060d0: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 table CD-ROM, U\n-000060e0: 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a p: Installation.\n-000060f0: 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 .4.1 Installing \n-00006100: 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d GRUB using grub-\n-00006110: 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d install.========\n+000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+000058b0: 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 7665 On OS which have\n+000058c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 device nodes si\n+000058d0: 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 milar to Unix-li\n+000058e0: 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 ke OS GRUB tools\n+000058f0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 use the.OS name\n+00005900: 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 . E.g. for GNU\n+00005910: 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 /Linux:.. # \n+00005920: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 grub-install /de\n+00005930: 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 524f v/sda.. On ARO\n+00005940: 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 S we use another\n+00005950: 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 766f syntax. For vo\n+00005960: 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a lumes:.. //:\n+00005970: 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 3e0a 0a20 .. \n+00005980: 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a E.g... //:\n+00005990: 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b DH0.. For disk\n+000059a0: 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 783a s we use syntax:\n+000059b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 . //:/unit/flag\n+000059d0: 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 s.. E.g... \n+000059e0: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n+000059f0: 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f 302f //:ata.device/0/\n+00005a00: 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 7773 0.. On Windows\n+00005a10: 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 7468 we use UNC path\n+00005a20: 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 . For volumes i\n+00005a30: 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 t's typically.. \n+00005a40: 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c \\\\?\\Volume{<\n+00005a50: 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c GUID>}. \\\\?\\\n+00005a60: 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 7465 723e 3a0a :.\n+00005a70: 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 205c . E.g... \\\n+00005a80: 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 3464 \\?\\Volume{17f34d\n+00005a90: 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 3030 50-cf64-4b02-800\n+00005aa0: 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 7d0a e-51d79c3aa2ff}.\n+00005ab0: 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 \\\\?\\C:.. \n+00005ac0: 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 0a0a For disks it's..\n+00005ad0: 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 \\\\?\\Physica\n+00005ae0: 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e 0a0a lDrive..\n+00005af0: 2020 2045 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 E.g... # \n+00005b00: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f grub-install \\\\?\n+00005b10: 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 300a \\PhysicalDrive0.\n+00005b20: 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 7420 . Beware that \n+00005b30: 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 you may need to \n+00005b40: 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 2074 further escape t\n+00005b50: 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 2064 he backslashes d\n+00005b60: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 epending.on your\n+00005b70: 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e shell... When\n+00005b80: 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 compiled with c\n+00005b90: 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 ygwin support th\n+00005ba0: 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 6520 en cygwin drive \n+00005bb0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f 6d61 names are.automa\n+00005bc0: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e 6565 tically when nee\n+00005bd0: 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 ded. E.g... \n+00005be0: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n+00005bf0: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 /dev/sda....File\n+00005c00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00005c10: 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e de: Installation\n+00005c20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 , Next: Booting\n+00005c30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 6563 , Prev: OS-spec\n+00005c40: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 ific notes about\n+00005c50: 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 grub tools, Up\n+00005c60: 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c : Top..4 Install\n+00005c70: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ation.**********\n+00005c80: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 ****..In order t\n+00005c90: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2061 o install GRUB a\n+00005ca0: 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 s your boot load\n+00005cb0: 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 er, you need to \n+00005cc0: 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 first install.th\n+00005cd0: 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e e GRUB system an\n+00005ce0: 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e 6465 d utilities unde\n+00005cf0: 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 r your UNIX-like\n+00005d00: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00005d10: 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 m.(*note Obtaini\n+00005d20: 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 ng and Building \n+00005d30: 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 6361 GRUB::). You ca\n+00005d40: 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 6572 n do this either\n+00005d50: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 6365 from the.source\n+00005d60: 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 tarball, or as \n+00005d70: 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 796f a package for yo\n+00005d80: 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 ur OS... After\n+00005d90: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 2074 you have done t\n+00005da0: 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f hat, you need to\n+00005db0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f install the boo\n+00005dc0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a 6472 t loader on a.dr\n+00005dd0: 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 2068 ive (floppy or h\n+00005de0: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 7369 ard disk) by usi\n+00005df0: 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 ng the utility .\n+00005e00: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n+00005e10: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note.Invokin\n+00005e20: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g grub-install::\n+00005e30: 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 ) on a UNIX-like\n+00005e40: 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f OS... GRUB co\n+00005e50: 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d mes with boot im\n+00005e60: 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 ages, which are \n+00005e70: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 normally put in \n+00005e80: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a e280 the directory...\n+00005e90: 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c ./usr/lib/grub/<\n+00005ea0: 6370 753e 2d3c 706c 6174 666f 726d 3ee2 cpu>-.\n+00005eb0: 8099 2028 666f 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 .. (for BIOS-bas\n+00005ec0: 6564 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a e280 982f ed machines..../\n+00005ed0: 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 usr/lib/grub/i38\n+00005ee0: 362d 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6-pc...). Herea\n+00005ef0: 6674 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 fter, the direct\n+00005f00: 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 ory where GRUB i\n+00005f10: 6d61 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 mages.are initia\n+00005f20: 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d lly placed (norm\n+00005f30: 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 ally .../usr/lib\n+00005f40: 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 6c61 /grub/-...) will \n+00005f60: 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 e280 be.called the ..\n+00005f70: 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 .image directory\n+00005f80: e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 ..., and the dir\n+00005f90: 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 ectory where the\n+00005fa0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 boot loader.nee\n+00005fb0: 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 ds to find them \n+00005fc0: 2875 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f (usually .../boo\n+00005fd0: 74e2 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 t...) will be ca\n+00005fe0: 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 lled the ...boot\n+00005ff0: 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a .directory......\n+00006000: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 * Menu:..* Insta\n+00006010: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 lling GRUB using\n+00006020: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a grub-install::.\n+00006030: 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 * Making a GRUB \n+00006040: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a bootable CD-ROM:\n+00006050: 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a :.* Device map::\n+00006060: 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 .* BIOS installa\n+00006070: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tion::....File: \n+00006080: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00006090: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 : Installing GRU\n+000060a0: 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 B using grub-ins\n+000060b0: 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b tall, Next: Mak\n+000060c0: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n+000060d0: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a ble CD-ROM, Up:\n+000060e0: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 Installation..4\n+000060f0: 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 .1 Installing GR\n+00006100: 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e UB using grub-in\n+00006110: 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d stall.==========\n 00006120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00006140: 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 For information \n-00006150: 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7368 on where GRUB sh\n-00006160: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 ould be installe\n-00006170: 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 d on PC BIOS pla\n-00006180: 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 tforms,.*note BI\n-00006190: 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a OS installation:\n-000061a0: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 :... In order \n-000061b0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 to install GRUB \n-000061c0: 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c 696b under a UNIX-lik\n-000061d0: 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 474e e OS (such as GN\n-000061e0: 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 U), invoke.the p\n-000061f0: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 rogram ...grub-i\n-00006200: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 nstall... (*note\n-00006210: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n-00006220: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 nstall::) as the\n-00006230: 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 9c72 .superuser (...r\n-00006240: 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 oot...)... The\n-00006250: 2075 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 usage is basica\n-00006260: 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e lly very simple.\n-00006270: 2020 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 You only need \n-00006280: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 to specify one.a\n-00006290: 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 rgument to the p\n-000062a0: 726f 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 rogram, namely, \n-000062b0: 7768 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c where to install\n-000062c0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n-000062d0: 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 . The.argument \n-000062e0: 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 has to be either\n-000062f0: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 a device file (\n-00006300: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 like .../dev/hda\n-00006310: e280 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 ...). For examp\n-00006320: 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 le,.under Linux \n-00006330: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 the following wi\n-00006340: 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 ll install GRUB \n-00006350: 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 into the MBR of \n-00006360: 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 the first.IDE di\n-00006370: 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 sk:.. # grub\n-00006380: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 -install /dev/sd\n-00006390: 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 a.. Likewise, \n-000063a0: 756e 6465 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 under GNU/Hurd, \n-000063b0: 7468 6973 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d this has the sam\n-000063c0: 6520 6566 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e effect:.. \n-000063d0: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f # grub-install /\n-000063e0: 6465 762f 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 dev/hd0.. But \n-000063f0: 616c 6c20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 all the above ex\n-00006400: 616d 706c 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 amples assume th\n-00006410: 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 at GRUB should p\n-00006420: 7574 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a ut images under.\n-00006430: 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 the .../boot... \n-00006440: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 2079 directory. If y\n-00006450: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 6f20 ou want GRUB to \n-00006460: 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 put images under\n-00006470: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 a directory.oth\n-00006480: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 er than .../boot\n-00006490: e280 992c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f ..., you need to\n-000064a0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 specify the opt\n-000064b0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 ion ...--boot-di\n-000064c0: 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 rectory.....The \n-000064d0: 7479 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 typical usage is\n-000064e0: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 that you create\n-000064f0: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f a GRUB boot flo\n-00006500: 7070 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 ppy with a.files\n-00006510: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 ystem. Here is \n-00006520: 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 an example:.. \n-00006530: 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f # mke2fs /dev/\n-00006540: 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 fd0. # mount\n-00006550: 202d 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 -t ext2 /dev/fd\n-00006560: 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 0 /mnt. # mk\n-00006570: 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 dir /mnt/boot. \n-00006580: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-00006590: 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f l --boot-directo\n-000065a0: 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 ry=/mnt/boot /de\n-000065b0: 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f v/fd0. # umo\n-000065c0: 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d unt /mnt.. Som\n-000065d0: 6520 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 e BIOSes have a \n-000065e0: 6275 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 bug of exposing \n-000065f0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 the first partit\n-00006600: 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 ion of a USB dri\n-00006610: 7665 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 ve.as a floppy i\n-00006620: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 nstead of exposi\n-00006630: 6e67 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 ng the USB drive\n-00006640: 2061 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 as a hard disk \n-00006650: 2874 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 (they call.it \"U\n-00006660: 5342 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 SB-FDD\" boot). \n-00006670: 496e 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 In such cases, y\n-00006680: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 ou need to insta\n-00006690: 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 ll like this:.. \n-000066a0: 2020 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 # losetup /d\n-000066b0: 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 ev/loop0 /dev/sd\n-000066c0: 6231 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 b1. # mount \n-000066d0: 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f /dev/loop0 /mnt/\n-000066e0: 7573 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d usb. # grub-\n-000066f0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 install --boot-d\n-00006700: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 irectory=/mnt/us\n-00006710: 622f 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 b/bugbios --forc\n-00006720: 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 e --allow-floppy\n-00006730: 202f 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 /dev/loop0.. \n-00006740: 5468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 This install doe\n-00006750: 736e 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 sn't conflict wi\n-00006760: 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 th standard inst\n-00006770: 616c 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 all as long as t\n-00006780: 6865 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 hey.are in separ\n-00006790: 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e ate directories.\n-000067a0: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 .. On EFI syst\n-000067b0: 656d 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 ems for fixed di\n-000067c0: 736b 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 sk install you h\n-000067d0: 6176 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 ave to mount EFI\n-000067e0: 2053 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f System.Partitio\n-000067f0: 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 n. If you mount\n-00006800: 2069 7420 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f it at .../boot/\n-00006810: 6566 69e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 efi... then you \n-00006820: 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 don't need any.s\n-00006830: 7065 6369 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 pecial arguments\n-00006840: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 :.. # grub-i\n-00006850: 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 nstall.. Other\n-00006860: 7769 7365 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f wise you need to\n-00006870: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 specify where y\n-00006880: 6f75 7220 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 our EFI System p\n-00006890: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e artition is.moun\n-000068a0: 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 ted:.. # gru\n-000068b0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d b-install --efi-\n-000068c0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 directory=/mnt/e\n-000068d0: 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 fi.. For remov\n-000068e0: 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f able installs yo\n-000068f0: 7520 6861 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 u have to use ..\n-00006900: 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 9920 .--removable... \n-00006910: 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f 7468 and specify both\n-00006920: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 ....--boot-direc\n-00006930: 746f 7279 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d tory... and ...-\n-00006940: 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 -efi-directory..\n-00006950: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d .:.. # grub-\n-00006960: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 install --efi-di\n-00006970: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 rectory=/mnt/usb\n-00006980: 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 --boot-director\n-00006990: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 y=/mnt/usb/boot \n-000069a0: 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 --removable....F\n-000069b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000069c0: 204e 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 Node: Making a \n-000069d0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-000069e0: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 -ROM, Next: Dev\n-000069f0: 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ice map, Prev: \n-00006a00: 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 Installing GRUB \n-00006a10: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 using grub-insta\n-00006a20: 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c ll, Up: Install\n-00006a30: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e ation..4.2 Makin\n-00006a40: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n-00006a50: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e CD-ROM.=======\n+00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f ============..Fo\n+00006140: 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e r information on\n+00006150: 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 where GRUB shou\n+00006160: 6c64 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 ld be installed \n+00006170: 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 on PC BIOS platf\n+00006180: 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 orms,.*note BIOS\n+00006190: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e installation::.\n+000061a0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f .. In order to\n+000061b0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e install GRUB un\n+000061c0: 6465 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 der a UNIX-like \n+000061d0: 4f53 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 OS (such as GNU)\n+000061e0: 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f , invoke.the pro\n+000061f0: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 gram ...grub-ins\n+00006200: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 tall... (*note I\n+00006210: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n+00006220: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 0a73 tall::) as the.s\n+00006230: 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f uperuser (...roo\n+00006240: 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 t...)... The u\n+00006250: 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c sage is basicall\n+00006260: 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 y very simple. \n+00006270: 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f You only need to\n+00006280: 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 specify one.arg\n+00006290: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f ument to the pro\n+000062a0: 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 gram, namely, wh\n+000062b0: 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 ere to install t\n+000062c0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 he boot loader. \n+000062d0: 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 The.argument ha\n+000062e0: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 s to be either a\n+000062f0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 device file (li\n+00006300: 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 e280 ke .../dev/hda..\n+00006310: 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 .). For example\n+00006320: 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 ,.under Linux th\n+00006330: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c e following will\n+00006340: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e install GRUB in\n+00006350: 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 to the MBR of th\n+00006360: 6520 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b e first.IDE disk\n+00006370: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 :.. # grub-i\n+00006380: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a nstall /dev/sda.\n+00006390: 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e . Likewise, un\n+000063a0: 6465 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 der GNU/Hurd, th\n+000063b0: 6973 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 is has the same \n+000063c0: 6566 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 effect:.. # \n+000063d0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 grub-install /de\n+000063e0: 762f 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c v/hd0.. But al\n+000063f0: 6c20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d l the above exam\n+00006400: 706c 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 ples assume that\n+00006410: 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 GRUB should put\n+00006420: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 images under.th\n+00006430: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6469 e .../boot... di\n+00006440: 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 rectory. If you\n+00006450: 2077 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 want GRUB to pu\n+00006460: 7420 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 t images under a\n+00006470: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 directory.other\n+00006480: 2074 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 than .../boot..\n+00006490: 992c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 ., you need to s\n+000064a0: 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f pecify the optio\n+000064b0: 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 n ...--boot-dire\n+000064c0: 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 ctory.....The ty\n+000064d0: 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 pical usage is t\n+000064e0: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 hat you create a\n+000064f0: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 GRUB boot flopp\n+00006500: 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 y with a.filesys\n+00006510: 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e tem. Here is an\n+00006520: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n+00006530: 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 # mke2fs /dev/fd\n+00006540: 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 0. # mount -\n+00006550: 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 t ext2 /dev/fd0 \n+00006560: 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 /mnt. # mkdi\n+00006570: 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 r /mnt/boot. \n+00006580: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n+00006590: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n+000065a0: 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f =/mnt/boot /dev/\n+000065b0: 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e fd0. # umoun\n+000065c0: 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 t /mnt.. Some \n+000065d0: 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 BIOSes have a bu\n+000065e0: 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 g of exposing th\n+000065f0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f e first partitio\n+00006600: 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 n of a USB drive\n+00006610: 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 .as a floppy ins\n+00006620: 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 tead of exposing\n+00006630: 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 the USB drive a\n+00006640: 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 s a hard disk (t\n+00006650: 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 hey call.it \"USB\n+00006660: 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e -FDD\" boot). In\n+00006670: 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 such cases, you\n+00006680: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c need to install\n+00006690: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n+000066a0: 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 # losetup /dev\n+000066b0: 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 /loop0 /dev/sdb1\n+000066c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 . # mount /d\n+000066d0: 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 ev/loop0 /mnt/us\n+000066e0: 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e b. # grub-in\n+000066f0: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 stall --boot-dir\n+00006700: 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f ectory=/mnt/usb/\n+00006710: 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 bugbios --force \n+00006720: 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f --allow-floppy /\n+00006730: 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 dev/loop0.. Th\n+00006740: 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e is install doesn\n+00006750: 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 't conflict with\n+00006760: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c standard instal\n+00006770: 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 l as long as the\n+00006780: 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 y.are in separat\n+00006790: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a e directories...\n+000067a0: 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d On EFI system\n+000067b0: 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b s for fixed disk\n+000067c0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 install you hav\n+000067d0: 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 e to mount EFI S\n+000067e0: 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e ystem.Partition.\n+000067f0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 If you mount i\n+00006800: 7420 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 t at .../boot/ef\n+00006810: 69e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f i... then you do\n+00006820: 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 n't need any.spe\n+00006830: 6369 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a cial arguments:.\n+00006840: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n+00006850: 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 tall.. Otherwi\n+00006860: 7365 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 se you need to s\n+00006870: 7065 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 pecify where you\n+00006880: 7220 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 r EFI System par\n+00006890: 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 tition is.mounte\n+000068a0: 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d d:.. # grub-\n+000068b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 install --efi-di\n+000068c0: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 rectory=/mnt/efi\n+000068d0: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 .. For removab\n+000068e0: 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 le installs you \n+000068f0: 6861 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 982d have to use ...-\n+00006900: 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 9920 616e -removable... an\n+00006910: 6420 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 d specify both..\n+00006920: 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f ..--boot-directo\n+00006930: 7279 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d65 ry... and ...--e\n+00006940: 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 993a fi-directory...:\n+00006950: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n+00006960: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 stall --efi-dire\n+00006970: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d ctory=/mnt/usb -\n+00006980: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n+00006990: 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d /mnt/usb/boot --\n+000069a0: 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c removable....Fil\n+000069b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000069c0: 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 ode: Making a GR\n+000069d0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n+000069e0: 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 OM, Next: Devic\n+000069f0: 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e e map, Prev: In\n+00006a00: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 stalling GRUB us\n+00006a10: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+00006a20: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 , Up: Installat\n+00006a30: 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 ion..4.2 Making \n+00006a40: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+00006a50: 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d CD-ROM.=========\n 00006a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 ==========..GRUB\n-00006a80: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 e280 supports the ..\n-00006a90: 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f .no emulation mo\n-00006aa0: 6465 e280 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 de... in the El \n-00006ab0: 546f 7269 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 Torito specifica\n-00006ac0: 7469 6f6e 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d tion(1).(*note M\n-00006ad0: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n-00006ae0: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f table CD-ROM-Foo\n-00006af0: 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 tnote-1::). Thi\n-00006b00: 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 s means that you\n-00006b10: 0a63 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f .can use the who\n-00006b20: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 le CD-ROM from G\n-00006b30: 5255 4220 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 RUB and you don'\n-00006b40: 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 t have to make a\n-00006b50: 2066 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 floppy.or hard \n-00006b60: 6469 736b 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c disk image file,\n-00006b70: 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 which can cause\n-00006b80: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 compatibility p\n-00006b90: 726f 626c 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 roblems... For\n-00006ba0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 booting from a \n-00006bb0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 CD-ROM, GRUB use\n-00006bc0: 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 s a special imag\n-00006bd0: 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 626f e called....cdbo\n-00006be0: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 ot.img..., which\n-00006bf0: 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 is concatenated\n-00006c00: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d with ...core.im\n-00006c10: 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 636f g.... The ...co\n-00006c20: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 2066 re.img....used f\n-00006c30: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 or this should b\n-00006c40: 6520 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 e built with at \n-00006c50: 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f least the ...iso\n-00006c60: 3936 3630 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9862 9660... and ...b\n-00006c70: 696f 7364 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c iosdisk....modul\n-00006c80: 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 6162 es. Your bootab\n-00006c90: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 le CD-ROM will u\n-00006ca0: 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 sually also need\n-00006cb0: 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a 636f to include a.co\n-00006cc0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00006cd0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 ...grub.cfg... \n-00006ce0: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 and some other G\n-00006cf0: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 RUB modules... \n-00006d00: 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c To make a simpl\n-00006d10: 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 e generic GRUB r\n-00006d20: 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 escue CD, you ca\n-00006d30: 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 n use the....gru\n-00006d40: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 b-mkrescue... pr\n-00006d50: 6f67 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 ogram (*note Inv\n-00006d60: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n-00006d70: 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 cue::):.. $ \n-00006d80: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f grub-mkrescue -o\n-00006d90: 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f grub.iso.. Yo\n-00006da0: 7520 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 u will often nee\n-00006db0: 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 d to include oth\n-00006dc0: 6572 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 er files in your\n-00006dd0: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 image. To do.t\n-00006de0: 6869 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 his, first make \n-00006df0: 6120 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 a top directory \n-00006e00: 666f 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 for the bootable\n-00006e10: 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 image, say, ...\n-00006e20: 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 iso...:.. $ \n-00006e30: 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 mkdir iso.. Ma\n-00006e40: 6b65 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 ke a directory f\n-00006e50: 6f72 2047 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 or GRUB:.. $\n-00006e60: 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f mkdir -p iso/bo\n-00006e70: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 ot/grub.. If d\n-00006e80: 6573 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 esired, make the\n-00006e90: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 config file ...\n-00006ea0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e 6465 grub.cfg... unde\n-00006eb0: 7220 e280 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 r ...iso/boot/gr\n-00006ec0: 7562 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e ub....(*note Con\n-00006ed0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 figuration::), a\n-00006ee0: 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 nd copy any file\n-00006ef0: 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 s and directorie\n-00006f00: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 s for the disc.t\n-00006f10: 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 o the directory \n-00006f20: e280 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 ...iso/...... \n-00006f30: 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 Finally, make th\n-00006f40: 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 e image:.. $\n-00006f50: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d grub-mkrescue -\n-00006f60: 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a o grub.iso iso..\n-00006f70: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 This produces\n-00006f80: 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 a file named ..\n-00006f90: 9867 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 .grub.iso..., wh\n-00006fa0: 6963 6820 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 ich then can be \n-00006fb0: 6275 726e 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 burned into.a CD\n-00006fc0: 2028 6f72 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 (or a DVD), or \n-00006fd0: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 written to a USB\n-00006fe0: 206d 6173 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 mass storage de\n-00006ff0: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f vice... The ro\n-00007000: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 ot device will b\n-00007010: 6520 7365 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 e set up appropr\n-00007020: 6961 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 iately on enteri\n-00007030: 6e67 2079 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 622e ng your....grub.\n-00007040: 6366 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 cfg... configura\n-00007050: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 796f tion file, so yo\n-00007060: 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f 2066 u can refer to f\n-00007070: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 ile names on the\n-00007080: 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 CD.without need\n-00007090: 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 6578 ing to use an ex\n-000070a0: 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 plicit device na\n-000070b0: 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 me. This makes \n-000070c0: 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 726f it easier to.pro\n-000070d0: 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 duce rescue imag\n-000070e0: 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 es that will wor\n-000070f0: 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 6361 k on both optica\n-00007100: 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 5342 l drives and USB\n-00007110: 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 mass.storage de\n-00007120: 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 vices.....File: \n-00007130: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00007140: 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 : Making a GRUB \n-00007150: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d2d bootable CD-ROM-\n-00007160: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n-00007170: 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f Making a GRUB bo\n-00007180: 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 otable CD-ROM.. \n-00007190: 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 (1) El Torito \n-000071a0: 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 is a specificati\n-000071b0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 on for bootable \n-000071c0: 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6675 CD using BIOS.fu\n-000071d0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nctions.....File\n-000071e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000071f0: 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 de: Device map, \n-00007200: 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 Next: BIOS inst\n-00007210: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a allation, Prev:\n-00007220: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n-00007230: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 ootable CD-ROM, \n-00007240: 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f Up: Installatio\n-00007250: 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 n..4.3 The map b\n-00007260: 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 etween BIOS driv\n-00007270: 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 es and OS device\n-00007280: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 ========..GRUB s\n+00006a80: 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6e upports the ...n\n+00006a90: 6f20 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 o emulation mode\n+00006aa0: e280 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f ... in the El To\n+00006ab0: 7269 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 rito specificati\n+00006ac0: 6f6e 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b on(1).(*note Mak\n+00006ad0: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n+00006ae0: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e ble CD-ROM-Footn\n+00006af0: 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ote-1::). This \n+00006b00: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 means that you.c\n+00006b10: 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 an use the whole\n+00006b20: 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 CD-ROM from GRU\n+00006b30: 4220 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 B and you don't \n+00006b40: 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 have to make a f\n+00006b50: 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 loppy.or hard di\n+00006b60: 736b 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 sk image file, w\n+00006b70: 6869 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 hich can cause c\n+00006b80: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f ompatibility pro\n+00006b90: 626c 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 blems... For b\n+00006ba0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 ooting from a CD\n+00006bb0: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 -ROM, GRUB uses \n+00006bc0: 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 a special image \n+00006bd0: 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 called....cdboot\n+00006be0: 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2069 .img..., which i\n+00006bf0: 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 s concatenated w\n+00006c00: 6974 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 ith ...core.img.\n+00006c10: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 ... The ...core\n+00006c20: 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 .img....used for\n+00006c30: 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 this should be \n+00006c40: 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 built with at le\n+00006c50: 6173 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 ast the ...iso96\n+00006c60: 3630 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9862 696f 60... and ...bio\n+00006c70: 7364 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 sdisk....modules\n+00006c80: 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 . Your bootable\n+00006c90: 2043 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 CD-ROM will usu\n+00006ca0: 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 ally also need t\n+00006cb0: 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 o include a.conf\n+00006cc0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 iguration file .\n+00006cd0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 616e ..grub.cfg... an\n+00006ce0: 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 d some other GRU\n+00006cf0: 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 B modules... T\n+00006d00: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 o make a simple \n+00006d10: 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 6573 generic GRUB res\n+00006d20: 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 cue CD, you can \n+00006d30: 7573 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d use the....grub-\n+00006d40: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 mkrescue... prog\n+00006d50: 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ram (*note Invok\n+00006d60: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n+00006d70: 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 e::):.. $ gr\n+00006d80: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 ub-mkrescue -o g\n+00006d90: 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 rub.iso.. You \n+00006da0: 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 will often need \n+00006db0: 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 to include other\n+00006dc0: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 files in your i\n+00006dd0: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 mage. To do.thi\n+00006de0: 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 s, first make a \n+00006df0: 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f top directory fo\n+00006e00: 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 r the bootable i\n+00006e10: 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 6973 mage, say, ...is\n+00006e20: 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b o...:.. $ mk\n+00006e30: 6469 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 dir iso.. Make\n+00006e40: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 a directory for\n+00006e50: 2047 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d GRUB:.. $ m\n+00006e60: 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 kdir -p iso/boot\n+00006e70: 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 /grub.. If des\n+00006e80: 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 ired, make the c\n+00006e90: 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 onfig file ...gr\n+00006ea0: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e 6465 7220 ub.cfg... under \n+00006eb0: e280 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ...iso/boot/grub\n+00006ec0: e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 ....(*note Confi\n+00006ed0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 guration::), and\n+00006ee0: 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 7320 copy any files \n+00006ef0: 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 7320 and directories \n+00006f00: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 for the disc.to \n+00006f10: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 the directory ..\n+00006f20: 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 .iso/...... Fi\n+00006f30: 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 nally, make the \n+00006f40: 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 image:.. $ g\n+00006f50: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 rub-mkrescue -o \n+00006f60: 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 grub.iso iso.. \n+00006f70: 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 This produces a\n+00006f80: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9867 file named ...g\n+00006f90: 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 rub.iso..., whic\n+00006fa0: 6820 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 h then can be bu\n+00006fb0: 726e 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 rned into.a CD (\n+00006fc0: 6f72 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 or a DVD), or wr\n+00006fd0: 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d itten to a USB m\n+00006fe0: 6173 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 ass storage devi\n+00006ff0: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 ce... The root\n+00007000: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 device will be \n+00007010: 7365 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 set up appropria\n+00007020: 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 tely on entering\n+00007030: 2079 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 your....grub.cf\n+00007040: 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 g... configurati\n+00007050: 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 on file, so you \n+00007060: 6361 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c can refer to fil\n+00007070: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 e names on the C\n+00007080: 440a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e D.without needin\n+00007090: 6720 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c g to use an expl\n+000070a0: 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 icit device name\n+000070b0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 . This makes it\n+000070c0: 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 easier to.produ\n+000070d0: 6365 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 ce rescue images\n+000070e0: 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 that will work \n+000070f0: 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 on both optical \n+00007100: 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d drives and USB m\n+00007110: 6173 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 ass.storage devi\n+00007120: 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ces.....File: gr\n+00007130: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00007140: 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f Making a GRUB bo\n+00007150: 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f otable CD-ROM-Fo\n+00007160: 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 otnotes, Up: Ma\n+00007170: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n+00007180: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 able CD-ROM.. \n+00007190: 2831 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 (1) El Torito is\n+000071a0: 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e a specification\n+000071b0: 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 for bootable CD\n+000071c0: 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 using BIOS.func\n+000071d0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tions.....File: \n+000071e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000071f0: 3a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e : Device map, N\n+00007200: 6578 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c ext: BIOS instal\n+00007210: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d lation, Prev: M\n+00007220: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n+00007230: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 table CD-ROM, U\n+00007240: 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a p: Installation.\n+00007250: 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 .4.3 The map bet\n+00007260: 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 ween BIOS drives\n+00007270: 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a and OS devices.\n+00007280: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00007290: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072b0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 ..If the device \n-000072c0: 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 732c map file exists,\n-000072d0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 the GRUB utilit\n-000072e0: 6965 7320 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f ies (...grub-pro\n-000072f0: 6265 e280 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 be..., etc.).rea\n-00007300: 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 d it to map BIOS\n-00007310: 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 drives to OS de\n-00007320: 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c vices. This fil\n-00007330: 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 e consists of li\n-00007340: 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a nes.like this:..\n-00007350: 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 (DEVICE) FI\n-00007360: 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 LE.. DEVICE is\n-00007370: 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 a drive specifi\n-00007380: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 ed in the GRUB s\n-00007390: 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 yntax (*note Dev\n-000073a0: 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 ice.syntax::), a\n-000073b0: 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 nd FILE is an OS\n-000073c0: 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 file, which is \n-000073d0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 normally a devic\n-000073e0: 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 e file... Hist\n-000073f0: 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6465 orically, the de\n-00007400: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 7761 vice map file wa\n-00007410: 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 s used because G\n-00007420: 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 RUB device names\n-00007430: 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 .had to be used \n-00007440: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 in the configura\n-00007450: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2074 tion file, and t\n-00007460: 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 6564 hey were derived\n-00007470: 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 from.BIOS drive\n-00007480: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 206d numbers. The m\n-00007490: 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 ap between BIOS \n-000074a0: 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 drives and OS de\n-000074b0: 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 6c77 vices cannot.alw\n-000074c0: 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 6564 2063 ays be guessed c\n-000074d0: 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 6578 orrectly: for ex\n-000074e0: 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c ample, GRUB will\n-000074f0: 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 2077 get the order w\n-00007500: 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6578 6368 rong.if you exch\n-00007510: 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 ange the boot se\n-00007520: 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e 2049 quence between I\n-00007530: 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 696e 2079 DE and SCSI in y\n-00007540: 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 556e our BIOS... Un\n-00007550: 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 7665 fortunately, eve\n-00007560: 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 n OS device name\n-00007570: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 7973 s are not always\n-00007580: 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 726e stable. Modern\n-00007590: 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 .versions of the\n-000075a0: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 Linux kernel ma\n-000075b0: 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 6573 2069 y probe drives i\n-000075c0: 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f72 n a different or\n-000075d0: 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 746f der from.boot to\n-000075e0: 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 boot, and the p\n-000075f0: 7265 6669 7820 28e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 refix (.../dev/h\n-00007600: 642a e280 9920 7665 7273 7573 20e2 8098 d*... versus ...\n-00007610: 2f64 6576 2f73 642a e280 9929 206d 6179 /dev/sd*...) may\n-00007620: 2063 6861 6e67 650a 6465 7065 6e64 696e change.dependin\n-00007630: 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 7220 g on the driver \n-00007640: 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2075 7365 subsystem in use\n-00007650: 2e20 2041 7320 6120 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 . As a result, \n-00007660: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 0a66 the device map.f\n-00007670: 696c 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2066 7265 ile required fre\n-00007680: 7175 656e 7420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f6e quent editing on\n-00007690: 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a some systems...\n-000076a0: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6176 6f69 6473 2074 GRUB avoids t\n-000076b0: 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 his problem nowa\n-000076c0: 6461 7973 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 5555 days by using UU\n-000076d0: 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 IDs or file syst\n-000076e0: 656d 0a6c 6162 656c 7320 7768 656e 2067 em.labels when g\n-000076f0: 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 enerating ...gru\n-00007700: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7765 b.cfg..., and we\n-00007710: 2061 6476 6973 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 advise that you\n-00007720: 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 do the same.for\n-00007730: 2061 6e79 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 any custom menu\n-00007740: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 6f75 2077 7269 entries you wri\n-00007750: 7465 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6465 7669 te. If the devi\n-00007760: 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 646f 6573 ce map file does\n-00007770: 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 2c20 7468 656e not.exist, then\n-00007780: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 the GRUB utilit\n-00007790: 6965 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7373 756d 6520 ies will assume \n-000077a0: 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 7920 6465 7669 a temporary devi\n-000077b0: 6365 206d 6170 206f 6e20 7468 650a 666c ce map on the.fl\n-000077c0: 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6f66 7465 y. This is ofte\n-000077d0: 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 n good enough, p\n-000077e0: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 696e 2074 articularly in t\n-000077f0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 206f he common case o\n-00007800: 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 f.single-disk sy\n-00007810: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 stems... Howev\n-00007820: 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d er, the device m\n-00007830: 6170 2066 696c 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2065 ap file is not e\n-00007840: 6e74 6972 656c 7920 6f62 736f 6c65 7465 ntirely obsolete\n-00007850: 2079 6574 2c20 616e 6420 6974 2069 730a yet, and it is.\n-00007860: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7272 6964 used for overrid\n-00007870: 696e 6720 7768 656e 2063 7572 7265 6e74 ing when current\n-00007880: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 environment is \n-00007890: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 different from t\n-000078a0: 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 626f 6f74 2e20 he one.on boot. \n-000078b0: 204d 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e 2063 6173 Most common cas\n-000078c0: 6520 6973 2069 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 e is if you use \n-000078d0: 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 206c a partition or l\n-000078e0: 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 6173 ogical volume.as\n-000078f0: 2061 2064 6973 6b20 666f 7220 7669 7274 a disk for virt\n-00007900: 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 652e 2020 596f ual machine. Yo\n-00007910: 7520 6361 6e20 7075 7420 616e 7920 636f u can put any co\n-00007920: 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 mments in the fi\n-00007930: 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 6173 le if.needed, as\n-00007940: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 the GRUB utilit\n-00007950: 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 ies assume that \n-00007960: 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 a line is just a\n-00007970: 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 660a 7468 6520 comment if.the \n-00007980: 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 first character \n-00007990: 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 is ...#........F\n-000079a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000079b0: 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 Node: BIOS inst\n-000079c0: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a allation, Prev:\n-000079d0: 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5570 Device map, Up\n-000079e0: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a : Installation..\n-000079f0: 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 4.4 BIOS install\n-00007a00: 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ation.==========\n-00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 ===========..MBR\n-00007a20: 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 .===..The partit\n-00007a30: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 ion table format\n-00007a40: 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 traditionally u\n-00007a50: 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 sed on PC BIOS p\n-00007a60: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 6c6c latforms is.call\n-00007a70: 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f ed the Master Bo\n-00007a80: 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 ot Record (MBR) \n-00007a90: 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 format; this is \n-00007aa0: 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 740a the format that.\n-00007ab0: 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 6f75 allows up to fou\n-00007ac0: 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 6974 r primary partit\n-00007ad0: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 696f ions and additio\n-00007ae0: 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 7274 nal logical part\n-00007af0: 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 6869 itions..With thi\n-00007b00: 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c s partition tabl\n-00007b10: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 6520 e format, there \n-00007b20: 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 are two ways to \n-00007b30: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 6974 install GRUB: it\n-00007b40: 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 .can be embedded\n-00007b50: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 6574 in the area bet\n-00007b60: 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 6e64 ween the MBR and\n-00007b70: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the first parti\n-00007b80: 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 tion.(called by \n-00007b90: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 various names, s\n-00007ba0: 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 uch as the \"boot\n-00007bb0: 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 6761 track\", \"MBR ga\n-00007bc0: 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 696e p\", or.\"embeddin\n-00007bd0: 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 6869 g area\", and whi\n-00007be0: 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 ch is usually at\n-00007bf0: 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4229 least 1000 KiB)\n-00007c00: 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d , or the core.im\n-00007c10: 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 7461 age can be insta\n-00007c20: 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 2073 lled in a file s\n-00007c30: 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 7374 ystem and a list\n-00007c40: 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 of the blocks t\n-00007c50: 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 2063 hat.make it up c\n-00007c60: 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 an be stored in \n-00007c70: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 the first sector\n-00007c80: 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 7469 of that partiti\n-00007c90: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 on... 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This is not.\n-00007d80: 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 6520 enough to parse \n-00007d90: 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 6375 reliably difficu\n-00007da0: 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 6c69 lt structures li\n-00007db0: 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 ke Btrfs, ZFS, R\n-00007dc0: 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 AID or.LVM, or t\n-00007dd0: 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 o use difficult \n-00007de0: 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 7468 disk access meth\n-00007df0: 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e 2020 ods like ahci. \n-00007e00: 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a Hence GRUB will.\n-00007e10: 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7465 warn if attempte\n-00007e20: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 6e74 d to install int\n-00007e30: 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 7020 o small MBR gap \n-00007e40: 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 736d 616c except in a smal\n-00007e50: 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 636f 6e66 l number.of conf\n-00007e60: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 igurations that \n-00007e70: 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 were grandfather\n-00007e80: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 6e64 6661 ed. 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HFS+, I\n-00007fc0: 534f 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c 204d 696e SO9660, JFS, Min\n-00007fd0: 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c20 4d69 6e69 ix, Minix2, Mini\n-00007fe0: 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 x3, NILFS2, NTFS\n-00007ff0: 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 , ReiserFS,. \n-00008000: 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5346 532c 2074 6172 ROMFS, SFS, tar\n-00008010: 2c20 5544 462c 2055 4653 312c 2055 4653 , UDF, UFS1, UFS\n-00008020: 322c 2058 4653 0a0a 2020 204d 4252 2067 2, XFS.. 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GRUB works \n-00008120: 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7420 6279 2064 6574 around it by det\n-00008130: 6563 7469 6e67 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2062 ecting.sectors b\n-00008140: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 7761 7265 y other software\n-00008150: 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 7468 and avoiding th\n-00008160: 656d 2061 6e64 2070 726f 7465 6374 696e em and protectin\n-00008170: 6720 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 7365 6374 6f72 g its own.sector\n-00008180: 7320 7573 696e 6720 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c s using Reed-Sol\n-00008190: 6f6d 6f6e 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 672e 0a0a omon encoding...\n-000081a0: 2020 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2072 6563 GRUB team rec\n-000081b0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 6861 7669 6e67 204d ommends having M\n-000081c0: 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 BR gap of at lea\n-000081d0: 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 st 1000 KiB... \n-000081e0: 2053 686f 756c 6420 6974 206e 6f74 2062 Should it not b\n-000081f0: 6520 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 e possible, GRUB\n-00008200: 2068 6173 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 has support for\n-00008210: 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 a fallback solu\n-00008220: 7469 6f6e 0a77 6869 6368 2069 7320 6865 tion.which is he\n-00008230: 6176 696c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 avily recommende\n-00008240: 6420 6167 6169 6e73 742e 2020 496e 7374 d against. Inst\n-00008250: 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 alling to a file\n-00008260: 7379 7374 656d 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 system means.tha\n-00008270: 7420 4752 5542 2069 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 t GRUB is vulner\n-00008280: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6974 7320 626c 6f63 able to its bloc\n-00008290: 6b73 2062 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 2061 ks being moved a\n-000082a0: 726f 756e 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 7973 round by filesys\n-000082b0: 7465 6d0a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2073 7563 tem.features suc\n-000082c0: 6820 6173 2074 6169 6c20 7061 636b 696e h as tail packin\n-000082d0: 672c 206f 7220 6576 656e 2062 7920 6167 g, or even by ag\n-000082e0: 6772 6573 7369 7665 2066 7363 6b0a 696d gressive fsck.im\n-000082f0: 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 plementations, s\n-00008300: 6f20 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 o this approach \n-00008310: 6973 2071 7569 7465 2066 7261 6769 6c65 is quite fragile\n-00008320: 3b20 616e 6420 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f ; and this appro\n-00008330: 6163 680a 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 ach.can only be \n-00008340: 7573 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f used if the .../\n-00008350: 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 boot... filesyst\n-00008360: 656d 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d em is on the sam\n-00008370: 6520 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a e disk that the.\n-00008380: 4249 4f53 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2c BIOS boots from,\n-00008390: 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f so that GRUB do\n-000083a0: 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f 2072 es not have to r\n-000083b0: 656c 7920 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 ely on guessing \n-000083c0: 4249 4f53 0a64 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 BIOS.drive numbe\n-000083d0: 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4752 5542 rs... The GRUB\n-000083e0: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 development tea\n-000083f0: 6d20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 636f m generally reco\n-00008400: 6d6d 656e 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 mmends embedding\n-00008410: 2047 5255 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 GRUB before.the\n-00008420: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n-00008430: 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 6176 , unless you hav\n-00008440: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 6972 e special requir\n-00008450: 656d 656e 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 ements. 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This w\n-000085c0: 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 as.specified as \n-000085d0: 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 7465 part of the Exte\n-000085e0: 6e73 6962 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 nsible Firmware \n-000085f0: 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 292c Interface (EFI),\n-00008600: 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c 736f but it can.also\n-00008610: 2062 6520 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 be used on BIOS\n-00008620: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 7379 platforms if sy\n-00008630: 7374 656d 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7375 stem software su\n-00008640: 7070 6f72 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 pports it; for.e\n-00008650: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 6e64 xample, GRUB and\n-00008660: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e 2062 GNU/Linux can b\n-00008670: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 e used in this c\n-00008680: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 onfiguration. W\n-00008690: 6974 680a 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 742c ith.this format,\n-000086a0: 2069 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 it is possible \n-000086b0: 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2061 2077 686f to reserve a who\n-000086c0: 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 le partition for\n-000086d0: 2047 5255 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 GRUB,.called th\n-000086e0: 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 e BIOS Boot Part\n-000086f0: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e ition. GRUB can\n-00008700: 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 then be embedde\n-00008710: 6420 696e 746f 2074 6861 740a 7061 7274 d into that.part\n-00008720: 6974 696f 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 ition without th\n-00008730: 6520 7269 736b 206f 6620 6265 696e 6720 e risk of being \n-00008740: 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6279 206f overwritten by o\n-00008750: 7468 6572 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e ther software an\n-00008760: 640a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6265 696e 6720 d.without being \n-00008770: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2061 2066 contained in a f\n-00008780: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7768 6963 6820 ilesystem which \n-00008790: 6d69 6768 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 2062 might move its b\n-000087a0: 6c6f 636b 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 locks.around... \n-000087b0: 2020 5768 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 When creating \n-000087c0: 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 a BIOS Boot Part\n-000087d0: 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 2073 ition on a GPT s\n-000087e0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c ystem, you shoul\n-000087f0: 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 6174 d make.sure that\n-00008800: 2069 7420 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 it is at least \n-00008810: 3331 204b 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 31 KiB in size. \n-00008820: 2028 4750 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 (GPT-formatted \n-00008830: 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 disks are not.us\n-00008840: 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 ually particular\n-00008850: 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 6520 ly small, so we \n-00008860: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 recommend that y\n-00008870: 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 6765 ou make it large\n-00008880: 7220 7468 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 6520 r than.the bare \n-00008890: 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 minimum, such as\n-000088a0: 2031 204d 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 1 MiB, to allow\n-000088b0: 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 plenty of room \n-000088c0: 666f 7220 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 for growth.).You\n-000088d0: 206d 7573 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b 6520 must also make \n-000088e0: 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 6173 sure that it has\n-000088f0: 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 7274 the proper part\n-00008900: 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 7369 ition type. Usi\n-00008910: 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c 2079 ng.GNU Parted, y\n-00008920: 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 ou can set this \n-00008930: 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 using a command \n-00008940: 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c such as the foll\n-00008950: 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2070 owing:.. # p\n-00008960: 6172 7465 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 arted /dev/DISK \n-00008970: 7365 7420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 set PARTITION-NU\n-00008980: 4d42 4552 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 206f MBER bios_grub o\n-00008990: 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 n.. If you are\n-000089a0: 2075 7369 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 7365 using gdisk, se\n-000089b0: 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 t the partition \n-000089c0: 7479 7065 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 4630 type to ...0xEF0\n-000089d0: 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 7274 2.... With.part\n-000089e0: 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 616d itioning program\n-000089f0: 7320 7468 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 2073 s that require s\n-00008a00: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 etting the GUID \n-00008a10: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 686f directly, it sho\n-00008a20: 756c 640a 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 3631 uld.be ...216861\n-00008a30: 3438 2d36 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 3434 48-6449-6e6f-744\n-00008a40: 6536 3536 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 8099 e656564454649...\n-00008a50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a ... *Caution:*\n-00008a60: 2042 6520 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 756c Be very careful\n-00008a70: 2077 6869 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e which partition\n-00008a80: 2079 6f75 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 5768 you select! Wh\n-00008a90: 656e 2047 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 6120 en GRUB.finds a \n-00008aa0: 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 BIOS Boot Partit\n-00008ab0: 696f 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 ion during insta\n-00008ac0: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c llation, it will\n-00008ad0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f automatically.o\n-00008ae0: 7665 7277 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 6f66 verwrite part of\n-00008af0: 2069 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 it. Make sure \n-00008b00: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 that the partiti\n-00008b10: 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 on does not cont\n-00008b20: 6169 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 6461 ain any.other da\n-00008b30: 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ta.....File: gru\n-00008b40: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 b.info, Node: B\n-00008b50: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 ooting, Next: C\n-00008b60: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 onfiguration, P\n-00008b70: 7265 763a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f rev: Installatio\n-00008b80: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 2042 n, Up: Top..5 B\n-00008b90: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ooting.*********\n-00008ba0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 ..GRUB can load \n-00008bb0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 Multiboot-compli\n-00008bc0: 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2061 ant kernels in a\n-00008bd0: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 792c consistent way,\n-00008be0: 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 but for.some fr\n-00008bf0: 6565 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ee operating sys\n-00008c00: 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f tems you need to\n-00008c10: 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 use some OS-spe\n-00008c20: 6369 6669 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 cific magic...* \n-00008c30: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c Menu:..* General\n-00008c40: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 boot methods:: \n-00008c50: 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f How to bo\n-00008c60: 6f74 204f 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 ot OSes with GRU\n-00008c70: 4220 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f B generally.* Lo\n-00008c80: 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a opback booting::\n-00008c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 Note\n-00008ca0: 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f s on booting fro\n-00008cb0: 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 m loopbacks.* LV\n-00008cc0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 673a M cache booting:\n-00008cd0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 : Note\n-00008ce0: 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f s on booting fro\n-00008cf0: 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 m LVM cache logi\n-00008d00: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d cal volume.* OS-\n-00008d10: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a specific notes::\n-00008d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 Notes\n-00008d30: 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 on some operati\n-00008d40: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ng systems....Fi\n-00008d50: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00008d60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f Node: General bo\n-00008d70: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e 6578 ot methods, Nex\n-00008d80: 743a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 t: Loopback boot\n-00008d90: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e ing, Up: Bootin\n-00008da0: 670a 0a35 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f g..5.1 How to bo\n-00008db0: 6f74 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ot operating sys\n-00008dc0: 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tems.===========\n+000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+000072b0: 4966 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 If the device ma\n+000072c0: 7020 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 p file exists, t\n+000072d0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 he GRUB utilitie\n+000072e0: 7320 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 s (...grub-probe\n+000072f0: e280 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 ..., etc.).read \n+00007300: 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 2064 it to map BIOS d\n+00007310: 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 7669 rives to OS devi\n+00007320: 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 ces. This file \n+00007330: 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 consists of line\n+00007340: 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 s.like this:.. \n+00007350: 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 4c45 (DEVICE) FILE\n+00007360: 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 .. DEVICE is a\n+00007370: 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 drive specified\n+00007380: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 796e in the GRUB syn\n+00007390: 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 tax (*note Devic\n+000073a0: 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 e.syntax::), and\n+000073b0: 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 FILE is an OS f\n+000073c0: 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f ile, which is no\n+000073d0: 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 rmally a device \n+000073e0: 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 file... Histor\n+000073f0: 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 ically, the devi\n+00007400: 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 ce map file was \n+00007410: 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 used because GRU\n+00007420: 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 0a68 B device names.h\n+00007430: 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e ad to be used in\n+00007440: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the configurati\n+00007450: 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 on file, and the\n+00007460: 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 6564 2066 y were derived f\n+00007470: 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e rom.BIOS drive n\n+00007480: 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6170 umbers. The map\n+00007490: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 between BIOS dr\n+000074a0: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 ives and OS devi\n+000074b0: 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 6c77 6179 ces cannot.alway\n+000074c0: 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 6564 2063 6f72 s be guessed cor\n+000074d0: 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 6578 616d rectly: for exam\n+000074e0: 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 ple, GRUB will g\n+000074f0: 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 2077 726f et the order wro\n+00007500: 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6578 6368 616e ng.if you exchan\n+00007510: 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 ge the boot sequ\n+00007520: 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e 2049 4445 ence between IDE\n+00007530: 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 696e 2079 6f75 and SCSI in you\n+00007540: 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 556e 666f r BIOS... Unfo\n+00007550: 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 7665 6e20 rtunately, even \n+00007560: 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 OS device names \n+00007570: 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 7973 2073 are not always s\n+00007580: 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 table. Modern.v\n+00007590: 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 204c ersions of the L\n+000075a0: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 7920 inux kernel may \n+000075b0: 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 probe drives in \n+000075c0: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f72 6465 a different orde\n+000075d0: 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 746f 2062 r from.boot to b\n+000075e0: 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 7265 oot, and the pre\n+000075f0: 6669 7820 28e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 642a fix (.../dev/hd*\n+00007600: e280 9920 7665 7273 7573 20e2 8098 2f64 ... versus .../d\n+00007610: 6576 2f73 642a e280 9929 206d 6179 2063 ev/sd*...) may c\n+00007620: 6861 6e67 650a 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 hange.depending \n+00007630: 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 7220 7375 on the driver su\n+00007640: 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2075 7365 2e20 bsystem in use. \n+00007650: 2041 7320 6120 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 As a result, th\n+00007660: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 0a66 696c e device map.fil\n+00007670: 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2066 7265 7175 e required frequ\n+00007680: 656e 7420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 ent editing on s\n+00007690: 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 ome systems... \n+000076a0: 2047 5255 4220 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 GRUB avoids thi\n+000076b0: 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 s problem nowada\n+000076c0: 7973 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 ys by using UUID\n+000076d0: 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d s or file system\n+000076e0: 0a6c 6162 656c 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e .labels when gen\n+000076f0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622e erating ...grub.\n+00007700: 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2061 cfg..., and we a\n+00007710: 6476 6973 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2064 dvise that you d\n+00007720: 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 o the same.for a\n+00007730: 6e79 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 ny custom menu e\n+00007740: 6e74 7269 6573 2079 6f75 2077 7269 7465 ntries you write\n+00007750: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 . If the device\n+00007760: 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 646f 6573 206e map file does n\n+00007770: 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 2c20 7468 656e 2074 ot.exist, then t\n+00007780: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 he GRUB utilitie\n+00007790: 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7373 756d 6520 6120 s will assume a \n+000077a0: 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 7920 6465 7669 6365 temporary device\n+000077b0: 206d 6170 206f 6e20 7468 650a 666c 792e map on the.fly.\n+000077c0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 This is often \n+000077d0: 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 6172 good enough, par\n+000077e0: 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 696e 2074 6865 ticularly in the\n+000077f0: 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 206f 660a common case of.\n+00007800: 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 single-disk syst\n+00007810: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 ems... However\n+00007820: 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 , the device map\n+00007830: 2066 696c 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e74 file is not ent\n+00007840: 6972 656c 7920 6f62 736f 6c65 7465 2079 irely obsolete y\n+00007850: 6574 2c20 616e 6420 6974 2069 730a 7573 et, and it is.us\n+00007860: 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7272 6964 696e ed for overridin\n+00007870: 6720 7768 656e 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2065 g when current e\n+00007880: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6469 nvironment is di\n+00007890: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 fferent from the\n+000078a0: 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 626f 6f74 2e20 204d one.on boot. M\n+000078b0: 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e 2063 6173 6520 ost common case \n+000078c0: 6973 2069 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 6120 is if you use a \n+000078d0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 206c 6f67 partition or log\n+000078e0: 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 6173 2061 ical volume.as a\n+000078f0: 2064 6973 6b20 666f 7220 7669 7274 7561 disk for virtua\n+00007900: 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 652e 2020 596f 7520 l machine. You \n+00007910: 6361 6e20 7075 7420 616e 7920 636f 6d6d can put any comm\n+00007920: 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ents in the file\n+00007930: 2069 660a 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 6173 2074 if.needed, as t\n+00007940: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 he GRUB utilitie\n+00007950: 7320 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 6120 s assume that a \n+00007960: 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 2063 line is just a c\n+00007970: 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 660a 7468 6520 6669 omment if.the fi\n+00007980: 7273 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 6973 rst character is\n+00007990: 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ...#........Fil\n+000079a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000079b0: 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c ode: BIOS instal\n+000079c0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 lation, Prev: D\n+000079d0: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 evice map, Up: \n+000079e0: 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a 342e Installation..4.\n+000079f0: 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 4 BIOS installat\n+00007a00: 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ion.============\n+00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d =========..MBR.=\n+00007a20: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ==..The partitio\n+00007a30: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 n table format t\n+00007a40: 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 7365 raditionally use\n+00007a50: 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 d on PC BIOS pla\n+00007a60: 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 tforms is.called\n+00007a70: 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 the Master Boot\n+00007a80: 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 666f Record (MBR) fo\n+00007a90: 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7468 rmat; this is th\n+00007aa0: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 740a 616c e format that.al\n+00007ab0: 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 6f75 7220 lows up to four \n+00007ac0: 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f primary partitio\n+00007ad0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ns and additiona\n+00007ae0: 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 7274 6974 l logical partit\n+00007af0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 6869 7320 ions..With this \n+00007b00: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 partition table \n+00007b10: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 format, there ar\n+00007b20: 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 696e e two ways to in\n+00007b30: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 stall GRUB: it.c\n+00007b40: 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 an be embedded i\n+00007b50: 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 6574 7765 n the area betwe\n+00007b60: 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 6e64 2074 en the MBR and t\n+00007b70: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+00007b80: 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 on.(called by va\n+00007b90: 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 7563 rious names, suc\n+00007ba0: 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 2074 h as the \"boot t\n+00007bb0: 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 6761 7022 rack\", \"MBR gap\"\n+00007bc0: 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 , or.\"embedding \n+00007bd0: 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 6869 6368 area\", and which\n+00007be0: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 206c is usually at l\n+00007bf0: 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 east 1000 KiB), \n+00007c00: 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 or the core.imag\n+00007c10: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c e can be install\n+00007c20: 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ed in a file sys\n+00007c30: 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 7374 206f tem and a list o\n+00007c40: 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 f the blocks tha\n+00007c50: 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 2063 616e t.make it up can\n+00007c60: 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 be stored in th\n+00007c70: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f e first sector o\n+00007c80: 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e f that partition\n+00007c90: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 6f6f ... Modern too\n+00007ca0: 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6561 7665 ls usually leave\n+00007cb0: 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c MBR gap of at l\n+00007cc0: 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 4b69 422e 2054 east 1023 KiB. T\n+00007cd0: 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 7320 7375 his amount.is su\n+00007ce0: 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 636f 7665 fficient to cove\n+00007cf0: 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 r most configura\n+00007d00: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 7468 tions. Hence th\n+00007d10: 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 730a 7265 636f is value is.reco\n+00007d20: 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 mmended by the G\n+00007d30: 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 RUB team... Hi\n+00007d40: 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 206d 616e 7920 storically many \n+00007d50: 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 206f 6e6c 7920 tools left only \n+00007d60: 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 7370 6163 652e 31 KiB of space.\n+00007d70: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 656e This is not.en\n+00007d80: 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 6520 7265 ough to parse re\n+00007d90: 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 liably difficult\n+00007da0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 6c69 6b65 structures like\n+00007db0: 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 4149 Btrfs, ZFS, RAI\n+00007dc0: 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 D or.LVM, or to \n+00007dd0: 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 6469 use difficult di\n+00007de0: 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 7468 6f64 sk access method\n+00007df0: 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e 2020 4865 s like ahci. He\n+00007e00: 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 7761 nce GRUB will.wa\n+00007e10: 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7465 6420 rn if attempted \n+00007e20: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 6e74 6f20 to install into \n+00007e30: 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 7020 6578 small MBR gap ex\n+00007e40: 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 736d 616c 6c20 cept in a small \n+00007e50: 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 number.of config\n+00007e60: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7765 urations that we\n+00007e70: 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 re grandfathered\n+00007e80: 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 . The grandfath\n+00007e90: 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 670a 6d75 7374 ered config.must\n+00007ea0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7573 6520 6269 :.. ... use bi\n+00007eb0: 6f73 6469 736b 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 osdisk as disk a\n+00007ec0: 6363 6573 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 ccess module for\n+00007ed0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 .../boot..... \n+00007ee0: 20e2 80a2 206e 6f74 2075 7365 2061 6e79 ... not use any\n+00007ef0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7274 additional part\n+00007f00: 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7073 2074 6f20 6163 ition maps to ac\n+00007f10: 6365 7373 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 cess .../boot...\n+00007f20: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f .. ... .../boo\n+00007f30: 74e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 206f 6e20 t... must be on \n+00007f40: 6f6e 6520 6f66 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 one of following\n+00007f50: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 4146 filesystems: AF\n+00007f60: 4653 2c20 4146 532c 2042 4653 2c0a 2020 FS, AFS, BFS,. \n+00007f70: 2020 2063 7069 6f2c 206e 6577 632c 206f cpio, newc, o\n+00007f80: 6463 2c20 6578 7432 2f33 2f34 2c20 4641 dc, ext2/3/4, FA\n+00007f90: 542c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 T, exFAT, F2FS, \n+00007fa0: 4846 532c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 HFS, uncompresse\n+00007fb0: 640a 2020 2020 2048 4653 2b2c 2049 534f d. HFS+, ISO\n+00007fc0: 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c 204d 696e 6978 9660, JFS, Minix\n+00007fd0: 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c20 4d69 6e69 7833 , Minix2, Minix3\n+00007fe0: 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 2c20 , NILFS2, NTFS, \n+00007ff0: 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2052 ReiserFS,. R\n+00008000: 4f4d 4653 2c20 5346 532c 2074 6172 2c20 OMFS, SFS, tar, \n+00008010: 5544 462c 2055 4653 312c 2055 4653 322c UDF, UFS1, UFS2,\n+00008020: 2058 4653 0a0a 2020 204d 4252 2067 6170 XFS.. MBR gap\n+00008030: 2068 6173 2066 6577 2074 6563 686e 6963 has few technic\n+00008040: 616c 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 5468 al problems. Th\n+00008050: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7761 7920 746f ere is no way to\n+00008060: 2072 6573 6572 7665 2073 7061 6365 0a69 reserve space.i\n+00008070: 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 n the embedding \n+00008080: 6172 6561 2077 6974 6820 636f 6d70 6c65 area with comple\n+00008090: 7465 2073 6166 6574 792c 2061 6e64 2073 te safety, and s\n+000080a0: 6f6d 6520 7072 6f70 7269 6574 6172 790a ome proprietary.\n+000080b0: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2069 7320 6b6e 6f77 software is know\n+000080c0: 6e20 746f 2075 7365 2069 7420 746f 206d n to use it to m\n+000080d0: 616b 6520 6974 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 ake it difficult\n+000080e0: 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2074 6f20 776f for users to wo\n+000080f0: 726b 0a61 726f 756e 6420 6c69 6365 6e73 rk.around licens\n+00008100: 696e 6720 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e73 ing restrictions\n+00008110: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 776f 726b 7320 6172 . GRUB works ar\n+00008120: 6f75 6e64 2069 7420 6279 2064 6574 6563 ound it by detec\n+00008130: 7469 6e67 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2062 7920 ting.sectors by \n+00008140: 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 7761 7265 2061 other software a\n+00008150: 6e64 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 7468 656d nd avoiding them\n+00008160: 2061 6e64 2070 726f 7465 6374 696e 6720 and protecting \n+00008170: 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 7365 6374 6f72 7320 its own.sectors \n+00008180: 7573 696e 6720 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d using Reed-Solom\n+00008190: 6f6e 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 on encoding... \n+000081a0: 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2072 6563 6f6d GRUB team recom\n+000081b0: 6d65 6e64 7320 6861 7669 6e67 204d 4252 mends having MBR\n+000081c0: 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 gap of at least\n+000081d0: 2031 3030 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 1000 KiB... S\n+000081e0: 686f 756c 6420 6974 206e 6f74 2062 6520 hould it not be \n+000081f0: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2068 possible, GRUB h\n+00008200: 6173 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2061 as support for a\n+00008210: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 fallback soluti\n+00008220: 6f6e 0a77 6869 6368 2069 7320 6865 6176 on.which is heav\n+00008230: 696c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 ily recommended \n+00008240: 6167 6169 6e73 742e 2020 496e 7374 616c against. Instal\n+00008250: 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 ling to a filesy\n+00008260: 7374 656d 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 stem means.that \n+00008270: 4752 5542 2069 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 GRUB is vulnerab\n+00008280: 6c65 2074 6f20 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 le to its blocks\n+00008290: 2062 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 2061 726f being moved aro\n+000082a0: 756e 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 und by filesyste\n+000082b0: 6d0a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2073 7563 6820 m.features such \n+000082c0: 6173 2074 6169 6c20 7061 636b 696e 672c as tail packing,\n+000082d0: 206f 7220 6576 656e 2062 7920 6167 6772 or even by aggr\n+000082e0: 6573 7369 7665 2066 7363 6b0a 696d 706c essive fsck.impl\n+000082f0: 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 ementations, so \n+00008300: 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 6973 this approach is\n+00008310: 2071 7569 7465 2066 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 quite fragile; \n+00008320: 616e 6420 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 and this approac\n+00008330: 680a 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 h.can only be us\n+00008340: 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f ed if the .../bo\n+00008350: 6f74 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d ot... filesystem\n+00008360: 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 is on the same \n+00008370: 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 4249 disk that the.BI\n+00008380: 4f53 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 OS boots from, s\n+00008390: 6f20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 o that GRUB does\n+000083a0: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f 2072 656c not have to rel\n+000083b0: 7920 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 4249 y on guessing BI\n+000083c0: 4f53 0a64 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 OS.drive numbers\n+000083d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4752 5542 2064 ... The GRUB d\n+000083e0: 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 evelopment team \n+000083f0: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d generally recomm\n+00008400: 656e 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2047 ends embedding G\n+00008410: 5255 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 RUB before.the f\n+00008420: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 irst partition, \n+00008430: 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 unless you have \n+00008440: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 6972 656d special requirem\n+00008450: 656e 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 740a ents. You must.\n+00008460: 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 ensure that the \n+00008470: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first partition \n+00008480: 7374 6172 7473 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 starts at least \n+00008490: 3130 3030 204b 6942 2028 3230 3030 2073 1000 KiB (2000 s\n+000084a0: 6563 746f 7273 290a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 ectors).from the\n+000084b0: 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 start of the di\n+000084c0: 736b 3b20 6f6e 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 sk; on modern di\n+000084d0: 736b 732c 2069 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e sks, it is often\n+000084e0: 2061 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 0a61 a performance.a\n+000084f0: 6476 616e 7461 6765 2074 6f20 616c 6967 dvantage to alig\n+00008500: 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 n partitions on \n+00008510: 6c61 7267 6572 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 larger boundarie\n+00008520: 7320 616e 7977 6179 2c20 736f 2074 6865 s anyway, so the\n+00008530: 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first.partition\n+00008540: 206d 6967 6874 2073 7461 7274 2031 204d might start 1 M\n+00008550: 6942 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 iB from the star\n+00008560: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a t of the disk...\n+00008570: 4750 540a 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 GPT.===..Some ne\n+00008580: 7765 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7573 6520 wer systems use \n+00008590: 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 the GUID Partiti\n+000085a0: 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2066 on Table (GPT) f\n+000085b0: 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 5468 6973 2077 6173 ormat. This was\n+000085c0: 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 7061 .specified as pa\n+000085d0: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e73 rt of the Extens\n+000085e0: 6962 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 496e ible Firmware In\n+000085f0: 7465 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 292c 2062 terface (EFI), b\n+00008600: 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 ut it can.also b\n+00008610: 6520 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 e used on BIOS p\n+00008620: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 7379 7374 latforms if syst\n+00008630: 656d 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7375 7070 em software supp\n+00008640: 6f72 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 orts it; for.exa\n+00008650: 6d70 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2047 mple, GRUB and G\n+00008660: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e 2062 6520 NU/Linux can be \n+00008670: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6f6e used in this con\n+00008680: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 figuration. Wit\n+00008690: 680a 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 h.this format, i\n+000086a0: 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f t is possible to\n+000086b0: 2072 6573 6572 7665 2061 2077 686f 6c65 reserve a whole\n+000086c0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 partition for G\n+000086d0: 5255 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 RUB,.called the \n+000086e0: 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 BIOS Boot Partit\n+000086f0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2074 ion. GRUB can t\n+00008700: 6865 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 hen be embedded \n+00008710: 696e 746f 2074 6861 740a 7061 7274 6974 into that.partit\n+00008720: 696f 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 ion without the \n+00008730: 7269 736b 206f 6620 6265 696e 6720 6f76 risk of being ov\n+00008740: 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6279 206f 7468 erwritten by oth\n+00008750: 6572 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e 640a er software and.\n+00008760: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6265 696e 6720 636f without being co\n+00008770: 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2061 2066 696c ntained in a fil\n+00008780: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 esystem which mi\n+00008790: 6768 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 2062 6c6f ght move its blo\n+000087a0: 636b 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 cks.around... \n+000087b0: 5768 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 When creating a \n+000087c0: 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 BIOS Boot Partit\n+000087d0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 2073 7973 ion on a GPT sys\n+000087e0: 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 tem, you should \n+000087f0: 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 make.sure that i\n+00008800: 7420 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3331 t is at least 31\n+00008810: 204b 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 KiB in size. (\n+00008820: 4750 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 GPT-formatted di\n+00008830: 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 sks are not.usua\n+00008840: 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 lly particularly\n+00008850: 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 6520 7265 small, so we re\n+00008860: 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 commend that you\n+00008870: 206d 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 6765 7220 make it larger \n+00008880: 7468 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 6520 6d69 than.the bare mi\n+00008890: 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2031 nimum, such as 1\n+000088a0: 204d 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 MiB, to allow p\n+000088b0: 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f lenty of room fo\n+000088c0: 7220 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d r growth.).You m\n+000088d0: 7573 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b 6520 7375 ust also make su\n+000088e0: 7265 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 6173 2074 re that it has t\n+000088f0: 6865 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 7274 6974 he proper partit\n+00008900: 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 ion type. Using\n+00008910: 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c 2079 6f75 .GNU Parted, you\n+00008920: 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 7573 can set this us\n+00008930: 696e 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 ing a command su\n+00008940: 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ch as the follow\n+00008950: 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2070 6172 ing:.. # par\n+00008960: 7465 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 ted /dev/DISK se\n+00008970: 7420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 t PARTITION-NUMB\n+00008980: 4552 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 206f 6e0a ER bios_grub on.\n+00008990: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2075 . If you are u\n+000089a0: 7369 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 sing gdisk, set \n+000089b0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 the partition ty\n+000089c0: 7065 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 4630 32e2 pe to ...0xEF02.\n+000089d0: 8099 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 7274 6974 ... With.partit\n+000089e0: 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 ioning programs \n+000089f0: 7468 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 2073 6574 that require set\n+00008a00: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 6469 ting the GUID di\n+00008a10: 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 686f 756c rectly, it shoul\n+00008a20: 640a 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 3631 3438 d.be ...21686148\n+00008a30: 2d36 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 3434 6536 -6449-6e6f-744e6\n+00008a40: 3536 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 56564454649.....\n+00008a50: 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 . *Caution:* B\n+00008a60: 6520 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 756c 2077 e very careful w\n+00008a70: 6869 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 hich partition y\n+00008a80: 6f75 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 5768 656e ou select! When\n+00008a90: 2047 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 6120 4249 GRUB.finds a BI\n+00008aa0: 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f OS Boot Partitio\n+00008ab0: 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c n during install\n+00008ac0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 ation, it will a\n+00008ad0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 utomatically.ove\n+00008ae0: 7277 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2069 rwrite part of i\n+00008af0: 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 t. Make sure th\n+00008b00: 6174 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e at the partition\n+00008b10: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 does not contai\n+00008b20: 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 6461 7461 n any.other data\n+00008b30: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00008b40: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f info, Node: Boo\n+00008b50: 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6e ting, Next: Con\n+00008b60: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 figuration, Pre\n+00008b70: 763a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c v: Installation,\n+00008b80: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f Up: Top..5 Boo\n+00008b90: 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a ting.*********..\n+00008ba0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 GRUB can load Mu\n+00008bb0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e ltiboot-complian\n+00008bc0: 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2061 2063 t kernels in a c\n+00008bd0: 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 792c 2062 onsistent way, b\n+00008be0: 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 ut for.some free\n+00008bf0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00008c00: 6d73 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 ms you need to u\n+00008c10: 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 se some OS-speci\n+00008c20: 6669 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 fic magic...* Me\n+00008c30: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 nu:..* General b\n+00008c40: 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 oot methods:: \n+00008c50: 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 How to boot\n+00008c60: 204f 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 OSes with GRUB \n+00008c70: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 generally.* Loop\n+00008c80: 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 back booting:: \n+00008c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 Notes \n+00008ca0: 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 on booting from \n+00008cb0: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 loopbacks.* LVM \n+00008cc0: 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 cache booting:: \n+00008cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 Notes \n+00008ce0: 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 on booting from \n+00008cf0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n+00008d00: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 l volume.* OS-sp\n+00008d10: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 ecific notes:: \n+00008d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f Notes o\n+00008d30: 6e20 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 n some operating\n+00008d40: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems....File\n+00008d50: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00008d60: 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 de: General boot\n+00008d70: 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a methods, Next:\n+00008d80: 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e Loopback bootin\n+00008d90: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a g, Up: Booting.\n+00008da0: 0a35 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 .5.1 How to boot\n+00008db0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00008dc0: 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ms.=============\n 00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008de0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 ======..GRUB has\n-00008df0: 2074 6872 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 three distinct \n-00008e00: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f boot methods: lo\n-00008e10: 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 ading an operati\n-00008e20: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 ng system.direct\n-00008e30: 6c79 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 6320 ly, using kexec \n-00008e40: 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2c20 from userspace, \n-00008e50: 616e 6420 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 and chainloading\n-00008e60: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 another.bootloa\n-00008e70: 6465 722e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 der. Generally \n-00008e80: 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 6669 speaking, the fi\n-00008e90: 7273 7420 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 rst two are more\n-00008ea0: 2064 6573 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 desirable.becau\n-00008eb0: 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 se you don't nee\n-00008ec0: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 d to install or \n-00008ed0: 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 maintain other b\n-00008ee0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e 640a oot loaders and.\n-00008ef0: 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 GRUB is flexible\n-00008f00: 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 6420 enough to load \n-00008f10: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n-00008f20: 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 tem from an arbi\n-00008f30: 7472 6172 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 trary.disk/parti\n-00008f40: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 tion. However, \n-00008f50: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 chainloading is \n-00008f60: 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 sometimes requir\n-00008f70: 6564 2c20 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f 6573 ed, as GRUB.does\n-00008f80: 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 n't support all \n-00008f90: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 7469 existing operati\n-00008fa0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 6976 ng systems nativ\n-00008fb0: 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ely...* Menu:..*\n-00008fc0: 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 Loading an oper\n-00008fd0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 ating system dir\n-00008fe0: 6563 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 633a ectly::.* Kexec:\n-00008ff0: 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e :.* Chain-loadin\n-00009000: 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 g::....File: gru\n-00009010: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n-00009020: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 oading an operat\n-00009030: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 ing system direc\n-00009040: 746c 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 tly, Next: Kexe\n-00009050: 632c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 c, Up: General \n-00009060: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e boot methods..5.\n-00009070: 312e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 1.1 How to boot \n-00009080: 616e 204f 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 an OS directly w\n-00009090: 6974 6820 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ith GRUB.-------\n+00008de0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 2074 ====..GRUB has t\n+00008df0: 6872 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 626f hree distinct bo\n+00008e00: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 ot methods: load\n+00008e10: 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ing an operating\n+00008e20: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 system.directly\n+00008e30: 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 6320 6672 , using kexec fr\n+00008e40: 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2c20 616e om userspace, an\n+00008e50: 6420 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 d chainloading a\n+00008e60: 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nother.bootloade\n+00008e70: 722e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 r. Generally sp\n+00008e80: 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 eaking, the firs\n+00008e90: 7420 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 t two are more d\n+00008ea0: 6573 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 7365 esirable.because\n+00008eb0: 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 you don't need \n+00008ec0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 to install or ma\n+00008ed0: 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f intain other boo\n+00008ee0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e 640a 4752 t loaders and.GR\n+00008ef0: 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 UB is flexible e\n+00008f00: 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e nough to load an\n+00008f10: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00008f20: 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 m from an arbitr\n+00008f30: 6172 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 ary.disk/partiti\n+00008f40: 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6368 on. However, ch\n+00008f50: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 736f ainloading is so\n+00008f60: 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 metimes required\n+00008f70: 2c20 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f 6573 6e27 , as GRUB.doesn'\n+00008f80: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 6578 t support all ex\n+00008f90: 6973 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 isting operating\n+00008fa0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 6976 656c systems nativel\n+00008fb0: 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c y...* Menu:..* L\n+00008fc0: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 oading an operat\n+00008fd0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 ing system direc\n+00008fe0: 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a tly::.* Kexec::.\n+00008ff0: 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a * Chain-loading:\n+00009000: 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e :....File: grub.\n+00009010: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 info, Node: Loa\n+00009020: 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e ding an operatin\n+00009030: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c g system directl\n+00009040: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 632c y, Next: Kexec,\n+00009050: 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f Up: General bo\n+00009060: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e ot methods..5.1.\n+00009070: 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 1 How to boot an\n+00009080: 204f 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 OS directly wit\n+00009090: 6820 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d h GRUB.---------\n 000090a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000090c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2028 ---..Multiboot (\n-000090d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 *note Multiboot \n-000090e0: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 Specification: (\n-000090f0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 2920 multiboot)Top.) \n-00009100: 6973 2074 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a 666f is the native.fo\n-00009110: 726d 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 rmat supported b\n-00009120: 7920 4752 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 6520 y GRUB. For the \n-00009130: 7361 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 sake of convenie\n-00009140: 6e63 652c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c nce, there is al\n-00009150: 736f 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 204c so.support for L\n-00009160: 696e 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e inux, FreeBSD, N\n-00009170: 6574 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 etBSD and OpenBS\n-00009180: 442e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 D. If you want t\n-00009190: 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f 7065 o boot.other ope\n-000091a0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 rating systems, \n-000091b0: 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 746f you will have to\n-000091c0: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d chain-load them\n-000091d0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f (*note.Chain-lo\n-000091e0: 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 ading::)... FI\n-000091f0: 584d 453a 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 696f XME: this sectio\n-00009200: 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 652e n is incomplete.\n-00009210: 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 2063 .. 1. Run the c\n-00009220: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 ommand ...boot..\n-00009230: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 . (*note boot::)\n-00009240: 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2044 ... However, D\n-00009250: 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 2068 OS and Windows h\n-00009260: 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 6965 ave some deficie\n-00009270: 6e63 6965 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 ncies, so you mi\n-00009280: 6768 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 ght have to.use \n-00009290: 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 6564 more complicated\n-000092a0: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 instructions. \n-000092b0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 *Note DOS/Window\n-000092c0: 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e s::, for more.in\n-000092d0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n-000092e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000092f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 4e65 Node: Kexec, Ne\n-00009300: 7874 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e xt: Chain-loadin\n-00009310: 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e g, Prev: Loadin\n-00009320: 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 g an operating s\n-00009330: 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 ystem directly, \n-00009340: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f Up: General boo\n-00009350: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 t methods..5.1.2\n-00009360: 204b 6578 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 7562 Kexec with grub\n-00009370: 322d 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2-emu.----------\n-00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009390: 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 7275 ..GRUB can be ru\n-000093a0: 6e20 696e 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2062 n in userspace b\n-000093b0: 7920 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 2067 y invoking the g\n-000093c0: 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 rub2-emu tool. \n-000093d0: 4974 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 6c6c It will.read all\n-000093e0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 configuration s\n-000093f0: 6372 6970 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 6f6f cripts as if boo\n-00009400: 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 2873 ting directly (s\n-00009410: 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 ee *note Loading\n-00009420: 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 .an operating sy\n-00009430: 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a29 stem directly::)\n-00009440: 2e20 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d . With the ...-\n-00009450: 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2c20 -kexec... flag, \n-00009460: 616e 6420 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 7570 and kexec(8).sup\n-00009470: 706f 7274 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 port from the op\n-00009480: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 erating system, \n-00009490: 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 the ...linux... \n-000094a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 command will dir\n-000094b0: 6563 746c 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2074 ectly.boot the t\n-000094c0: 6172 6765 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 466f arget image. Fo\n-000094d0: 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 206c r systems that l\n-000094e0: 6163 6b20 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 7374 ack working syst\n-000094f0: 656d 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f 7274 emctl(1).support\n-00009500: 2066 6f72 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 7373 for kexec, pass\n-00009510: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 ing the ...--kex\n-00009520: 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 6365 ec... flag twice\n-00009530: 2077 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 will fallback t\n-00009540: 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 6563 o.invoking kexec\n-00009550: 2838 2920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f (8) directly; no\n-00009560: 7465 2068 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 7420 te however that \n-00009570: 7468 6973 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 this fallback ma\n-00009580: 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 7473 y be.unsafe outs\n-00009590: 6964 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e ide read-only en\n-000095a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 2069 vironments, as i\n-000095b0: 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b t does not invok\n-000095c0: 6520 7368 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 e shutdown.machi\n-000095d0: 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nery.....File: g\n-000095e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000095f0: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 Chain-loading, \n-00009600: 2050 7265 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 2055 Prev: Kexec, U\n-00009610: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 p: General boot \n-00009620: 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 methods..5.1.3 C\n-00009630: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 hain-loading an \n-00009640: 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d OS.-------------\n-00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 ------------..Op\n-00009660: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 erating systems \n-00009670: 7468 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 that do not supp\n-00009680: 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 616e ort Multiboot an\n-00009690: 6420 646f 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7370 d do not have sp\n-000096a0: 6563 6966 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2069 ecific.support i\n-000096b0: 6e20 4752 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 6963 n GRUB (specific\n-000096c0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 support is avai\n-000096d0: 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c lable for Linux,\n-000096e0: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 FreeBSD,.NetBSD\n-000096f0: 2061 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 and OpenBSD) mu\n-00009700: 7374 2062 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 st be chain-load\n-00009710: 6564 2c20 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f 6c76 ed, which involv\n-00009720: 6573 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 es loading anoth\n-00009730: 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 er.boot loader a\n-00009740: 6e64 206a 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 nd jumping to it\n-00009750: 2069 6e20 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 in real mode or\n-00009760: 2076 6961 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 via the firmwar\n-00009770: 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6368 e... The ...ch\n-00009780: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d ainloader... com\n-00009790: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6169 mand (*note chai\n-000097a0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 7573 nloader::) is us\n-000097b0: 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 0a75 ed to set this.u\n-000097c0: 702e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c p. It is normal\n-000097d0: 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 6172 ly also necessar\n-000097e0: 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 2047 y to load some G\n-000097f0: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e 6420 RUB modules and \n-00009800: 7365 7420 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 7269 set the.appropri\n-00009810: 6174 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652e ate root device.\n-00009820: 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 Putting this t\n-00009830: 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 7420 ogether, we get \n-00009840: 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 something like.t\n-00009850: 6869 732c 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e 646f his, for a Windo\n-00009860: 7773 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 ws system on the\n-00009870: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n-00009880: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n-00009890: 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e rd.disk:..menuen\n-000098a0: 7472 7920 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 7b0a try \"Windows\" {.\n-000098b0: 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 .insmod chain..i\n-000098c0: 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 7420 nsmod ntfs..set \n-000098d0: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 6368 root=(hd0,1)..ch\n-000098e0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a ainloader +1.}..\n-000098f0: 2020 204f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 On systems wi\n-00009900: 7468 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 7264 th multiple hard\n-00009910: 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 6974 disks, an addit\n-00009920: 696f 6e61 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 ional workaround\n-00009930: 206d 6179 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 6564 may be.required\n-00009940: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e . *Note DOS/Win\n-00009950: 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 dows::... Chai\n-00009960: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f 6e6c n-loading is onl\n-00009970: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 y supported on P\n-00009980: 4320 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2070 C BIOS and EFI p\n-00009990: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c latforms.....Fil\n-000099a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000099b0: 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f ode: Loopback bo\n-000099c0: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 oting, Next: LV\n-000099d0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c M cache booting,\n-000099e0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 Prev: General \n-000099f0: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 2055 boot methods, U\n-00009a00: 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 p: Booting..5.2 \n-00009a10: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Loopback booting\n-00009a20: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00009a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 2061 =====..GRUB is a\n-00009a40: 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d ble to read from\n-00009a50: 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 6974 an image (be it\n-00009a60: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 4844 one of CD or HD\n-00009a70: 4429 2073 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 D) stored on.any\n-00009a80: 206f 6620 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 of its accessib\n-00009a90: 6c65 2073 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 6566 le storages (ref\n-00009aa0: 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 er to *note loop\n-00009ab0: 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e back:: command).\n-00009ac0: 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f 5320 .However the OS \n-00009ad0: 6974 7365 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 itself should be\n-00009ae0: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 able to find it\n-00009af0: 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7573 s root. This us\n-00009b00: 7561 6c6c 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2072 ually.involves r\n-00009b10: 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 7061 unning a userspa\n-00009b20: 6365 2070 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e 6e69 ce program runni\n-00009b30: 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7265 ng before the re\n-00009b40: 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 636f al root is.disco\n-00009b50: 7665 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 vered. This is \n-00009b60: 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 achieved by GRUB\n-00009b70: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 6369 loading a speci\n-00009b80: 616c 6c79 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c 6c0a ally made small.\n-00009b90: 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 696e image and passin\n-00009ba0: 6720 6974 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 g it as ramdisk \n-00009bb0: 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 to the kernel. \n-00009bc0: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 This is achieved\n-00009bd0: 2062 790a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 by.commands ...\n-00009be0: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 kfreebsd_module.\n-00009bf0: 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d .., ...knetbsd_m\n-00009c00: 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 odule_elf..., ..\n-00009c10: 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 .kopenbsd_ramdis\n-00009c20: 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 k...,....initrd.\n-00009c30: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 .. (*note initrd\n-00009c40: 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 ::), ...initrd16\n-00009c50: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 ... (*note initr\n-00009c60: 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c 7469 d16::),....multi\n-00009c70: 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 boot_module..., \n-00009c80: e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f ...multiboot2_mo\n-00009c90: 6475 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 786e dule... or ...xn\n-00009ca0: 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 6570 u_ramdisk... dep\n-00009cb0: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f ending on.the lo\n-00009cc0: 6164 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 ader. Note that\n-00009cd0: 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 6865 for knetbsd the\n-00009ce0: 2069 6d61 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 image must be p\n-00009cf0: 7574 2069 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 726f ut inside.miniro\n-00009d00: 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 ot.kmod and the \n-00009d10: 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b whole miniroot.k\n-00009d20: 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f mod has to be lo\n-00009d30: 6164 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 aded. In kopenb\n-00009d40: 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 7320 sd.payload this \n-00009d50: 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 is disabled by d\n-00009d60: 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f efault. Additio\n-00009d70: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 nally, behaviour\n-00009d80: 206f 6620 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 of initial.ramd\n-00009d90: 6973 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 isk depends on c\n-00009da0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 ommand line opti\n-00009db0: 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 6469 ons. Several di\n-00009dc0: 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f 7669 stributors provi\n-00009dd0: 6465 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 de.the image for\n-00009de0: 2074 6869 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 this purpose or\n-00009df0: 2069 7427 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 it's integrated\n-00009e00: 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e 6461 in their standa\n-00009e10: 7264 2072 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 rd ramdisk.and a\n-00009e20: 6374 6976 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6563 ctivated by spec\n-00009e30: 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e ial option. Con\n-00009e40: 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c sult your kernel\n-00009e50: 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f and distributio\n-00009e60: 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 n.manual for mor\n-00009e70: 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 6865 e details. Othe\n-00009e80: 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 r loaders like .\n-00009e90: 8098 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 ..appleloader...\n-00009ea0: 2c0a e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 ,....chainloader\n-00009eb0: e280 9920 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 2c20 ... (BIOS, EFI, \n-00009ec0: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 6672 coreboot), ...fr\n-00009ed0: 6565 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 746c eedos..., ...ntl\n-00009ee0: 6472 e280 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 dr..., ...plan9.\n-00009ef0: 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 6372 .. and....truecr\n-00009f00: 7970 74e2 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e ypt... provide n\n-00009f10: 6f20 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 o possibility of\n-00009f20: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c loading initial\n-00009f30: 2072 616d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 ramdisk and as \n-00009f40: 6661 720a 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 far.as author is\n-00009f50: 2061 7761 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f aware the paylo\n-00009f60: 6164 7320 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 ads in question \n-00009f70: 646f 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 don't support ei\n-00009f80: 7468 6572 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 616d ther initial.ram\n-00009f90: 6469 736b 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 disk or discover\n-00009fa0: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f ing loopback boo\n-00009fb0: 7420 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 t in other way a\n-00009fc0: 6e64 2061 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 nd as such not.b\n-00009fd0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 ootable this way\n-00009fe0: 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 . Please consid\n-00009ff0: 6572 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 er alternative b\n-0000a000: 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 oot methods like\n-0000a010: 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c .copying all fil\n-0000a020: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 es from the imag\n-0000a030: 6520 746f 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 7274 e to actual part\n-0000a040: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 ition. Consult \n-0000a050: 796f 7572 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 your OS.document\n-0000a060: 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 ation for more d\n-0000a070: 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a etails.....File:\n-0000a080: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0000a090: 653a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f e: LVM cache boo\n-0000a0a0: 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d ting, Next: OS-\n-0000a0b0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 specific notes, \n-0000a0c0: 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 Prev: Loopback \n-0000a0d0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f booting, Up: Bo\n-0000a0e0: 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 oting..5.3 Booti\n-0000a0f0: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 ng from LVM cach\n-0000a100: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n-0000a110: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+000090c0: 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e -..Multiboot (*n\n+000090d0: 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 ote Multiboot Sp\n+000090e0: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 ecification: (mu\n+000090f0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 2920 6973 ltiboot)Top.) is\n+00009100: 2074 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a 666f 726d the native.form\n+00009110: 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 at supported by \n+00009120: 4752 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 6520 7361 GRUB. For the sa\n+00009130: 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 ke of convenienc\n+00009140: 652c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f e, there is also\n+00009150: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 204c 696e .support for Lin\n+00009160: 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 ux, FreeBSD, Net\n+00009170: 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 442e BSD and OpenBSD.\n+00009180: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 If you want to \n+00009190: 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 boot.other opera\n+000091a0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 796f ting systems, yo\n+000091b0: 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 746f 2063 u will have to c\n+000091c0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2028 hain-load them (\n+000091d0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 *note.Chain-load\n+000091e0: 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 584d ing::)... FIXM\n+000091f0: 453a 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 696f 6e20 E: this section \n+00009200: 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 652e 0a0a is incomplete...\n+00009210: 2020 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 1. Run the com\n+00009220: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 mand ...boot... \n+00009230: 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a (*note boot::)..\n+00009240: 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2044 4f53 . However, DOS\n+00009250: 2061 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 2068 6176 and Windows hav\n+00009260: 6520 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 6965 6e63 e some deficienc\n+00009270: 6965 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 ies, so you migh\n+00009280: 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f t have to.use mo\n+00009290: 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 6564 2069 re complicated i\n+000092a0: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e nstructions. *N\n+000092b0: 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a ote DOS/Windows:\n+000092c0: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f :, for more.info\n+000092d0: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n+000092e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000092f0: 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 4e65 7874 de: Kexec, Next\n+00009300: 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 672c : Chain-loading,\n+00009310: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 Prev: Loading \n+00009320: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n+00009330: 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 tem directly, U\n+00009340: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 p: General boot \n+00009350: 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b methods..5.1.2 K\n+00009360: 6578 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 7562 322d exec with grub2-\n+00009370: 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d emu.------------\n+00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00009390: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 7275 6e20 GRUB can be run \n+000093a0: 696e 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2062 7920 in userspace by \n+000093b0: 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 2067 7275 invoking the gru\n+000093c0: 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 b2-emu tool. It\n+000093d0: 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 will.read all c\n+000093e0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 onfiguration scr\n+000093f0: 6970 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 ipts as if booti\n+00009400: 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 2873 6565 ng directly (see\n+00009410: 202a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 *note Loading.a\n+00009420: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n+00009430: 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 em directly::). \n+00009440: 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b With the ...--k\n+00009450: 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2c20 616e exec... flag, an\n+00009460: 6420 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 7570 706f d kexec(8).suppo\n+00009470: 7274 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 6572 rt from the oper\n+00009480: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 ating system, th\n+00009490: 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f e ...linux... co\n+000094a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 mmand will direc\n+000094b0: 746c 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2074 6172 tly.boot the tar\n+000094c0: 6765 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 466f 7220 get image. For \n+000094d0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 206c 6163 systems that lac\n+000094e0: 6b20 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d k working system\n+000094f0: 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 ctl(1).support f\n+00009500: 6f72 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 7373 696e or kexec, passin\n+00009510: 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 g the ...--kexec\n+00009520: e280 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 6365 2077 ... flag twice w\n+00009530: 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a ill fallback to.\n+00009540: 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 6563 2838 invoking kexec(8\n+00009550: 2920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 ) directly; note\n+00009560: 2068 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 7420 7468 however that th\n+00009570: 6973 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 is fallback may \n+00009580: 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 7473 6964 be.unsafe outsid\n+00009590: 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 e read-only envi\n+000095a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 2069 7420 ronments, as it \n+000095b0: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 does not invoke \n+000095c0: 7368 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 shutdown.machine\n+000095d0: 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ry.....File: gru\n+000095e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 b.info, Node: C\n+000095f0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 hain-loading, P\n+00009600: 7265 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 2055 703a rev: Kexec, Up:\n+00009610: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 General boot me\n+00009620: 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 thods..5.1.3 Cha\n+00009630: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 in-loading an OS\n+00009640: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 ----------..Oper\n+00009660: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 ating systems th\n+00009670: 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 6f72 at do not suppor\n+00009680: 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 t Multiboot and \n+00009690: 646f 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 do not have spec\n+000096a0: 6966 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 ific.support in \n+000096b0: 4752 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 GRUB (specific s\n+000096c0: 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 upport is availa\n+000096d0: 626c 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 ble for Linux, F\n+000096e0: 7265 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 2061 reeBSD,.NetBSD a\n+000096f0: 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 7374 nd OpenBSD) must\n+00009700: 2062 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 be chain-loaded\n+00009710: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f 6c76 6573 , which involves\n+00009720: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 loading another\n+00009730: 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 .boot loader and\n+00009740: 206a 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 2069 jumping to it i\n+00009750: 6e20 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 n real mode or v\n+00009760: 6961 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e ia the firmware.\n+00009770: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 .. The ...chai\n+00009780: 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 nloader... comma\n+00009790: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6169 6e6c nd (*note chainl\n+000097a0: 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 7573 6564 oader::) is used\n+000097b0: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 0a75 702e to set this.up.\n+000097c0: 2020 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 It is normally\n+000097d0: 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 also necessary \n+000097e0: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 2047 5255 to load some GRU\n+000097f0: 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7365 B modules and se\n+00009800: 7420 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 t the.appropriat\n+00009810: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 e root device. \n+00009820: 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 Putting this tog\n+00009830: 6574 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 7420 736f ether, we get so\n+00009840: 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 mething like.thi\n+00009850: 732c 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e 646f 7773 s, for a Windows\n+00009860: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 system on the f\n+00009870: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f irst partition o\n+00009880: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n+00009890: 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 .disk:..menuentr\n+000098a0: 7920 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 y \"Windows\" {..i\n+000098b0: 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 nsmod chain..ins\n+000098c0: 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 7420 726f mod ntfs..set ro\n+000098d0: 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 6368 6169 ot=(hd0,1)..chai\n+000098e0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 nloader +1.}.. \n+000098f0: 204f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 On systems with\n+00009900: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 7264 2064 multiple hard d\n+00009910: 6973 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f isks, an additio\n+00009920: 6e61 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 206d nal workaround m\n+00009930: 6179 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 ay be.required. \n+00009940: 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f *Note DOS/Windo\n+00009950: 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e2d ws::... Chain-\n+00009960: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 loading is only \n+00009970: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 supported on PC \n+00009980: 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2070 6c61 BIOS and EFI pla\n+00009990: 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a tforms.....File:\n+000099a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000099b0: 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 e: Loopback boot\n+000099c0: 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 ing, Next: LVM \n+000099d0: 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 cache booting, \n+000099e0: 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f Prev: General bo\n+000099f0: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 2055 703a ot methods, Up:\n+00009a00: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f Booting..5.2 Lo\n+00009a10: 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d opback booting.=\n+00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00009a30: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 2061 626c ===..GRUB is abl\n+00009a40: 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 e to read from a\n+00009a50: 6e20 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 6974 206f n image (be it o\n+00009a60: 6e65 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 4844 4429 ne of CD or HDD)\n+00009a70: 2073 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f stored on.any o\n+00009a80: 6620 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 f its accessible\n+00009a90: 2073 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 6566 6572 storages (refer\n+00009aa0: 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 to *note loopba\n+00009ab0: 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 ck:: command)..H\n+00009ac0: 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f 5320 6974 owever the OS it\n+00009ad0: 7365 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 self should be a\n+00009ae0: 626c 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 ble to find its \n+00009af0: 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7573 7561 root. This usua\n+00009b00: 6c6c 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2072 756e lly.involves run\n+00009b10: 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 ning a userspace\n+00009b20: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 program running\n+00009b30: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7265 616c before the real\n+00009b40: 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 636f 7665 root is.discove\n+00009b50: 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 red. This is ac\n+00009b60: 6869 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 206c hieved by GRUB l\n+00009b70: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c oading a special\n+00009b80: 6c79 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c 6c0a 696d ly made small.im\n+00009b90: 6167 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 696e 6720 age and passing \n+00009ba0: 6974 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 746f it as ramdisk to\n+00009bb0: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 the kernel. Th\n+00009bc0: 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 is is achieved b\n+00009bd0: 790a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 y.commands ...kf\n+00009be0: 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 reebsd_module...\n+00009bf0: 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 , ...knetbsd_mod\n+00009c00: 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b ule_elf..., ...k\n+00009c10: 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 openbsd_ramdisk.\n+00009c20: 8099 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 ..,....initrd...\n+00009c30: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a (*note initrd::\n+00009c40: 292c 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 ), ...initrd16..\n+00009c50: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 6431 . (*note initrd1\n+00009c60: 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6::),....multibo\n+00009c70: 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 ot_module..., ..\n+00009c80: 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 .multiboot2_modu\n+00009c90: 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 786e 755f le... or ...xnu_\n+00009ca0: 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 6570 656e ramdisk... depen\n+00009cb0: 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 ding on.the load\n+00009cc0: 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2066 er. Note that f\n+00009cd0: 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 6865 2069 or knetbsd the i\n+00009ce0: 6d61 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 7574 mage must be put\n+00009cf0: 2069 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 inside.miniroot\n+00009d00: 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 .kmod and the wh\n+00009d10: 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f ole miniroot.kmo\n+00009d20: 6420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 d has to be load\n+00009d30: 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 ed. In kopenbsd\n+00009d40: 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 7320 6973 .payload this is\n+00009d50: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 disabled by def\n+00009d60: 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ault. Additiona\n+00009d70: 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f lly, behaviour o\n+00009d80: 6620 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 f initial.ramdis\n+00009d90: 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d k depends on com\n+00009da0: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e mand line option\n+00009db0: 732e 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 6469 7374 s. Several dist\n+00009dc0: 7269 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 ributors provide\n+00009dd0: 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2074 .the image for t\n+00009de0: 6869 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 his purpose or i\n+00009df0: 7427 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 2069 t's integrated i\n+00009e00: 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e 6461 7264 n their standard\n+00009e10: 2072 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 ramdisk.and act\n+00009e20: 6976 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6563 6961 ivated by specia\n+00009e30: 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 l option. Consu\n+00009e40: 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2061 lt your kernel a\n+00009e50: 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e0a nd distribution.\n+00009e60: 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 manual for more \n+00009e70: 6465 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 details. Other \n+00009e80: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 loaders like ...\n+00009e90: 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a appleloader...,.\n+00009ea0: e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 ...chainloader..\n+00009eb0: 9920 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 2c20 636f . (BIOS, EFI, co\n+00009ec0: 7265 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 6672 6565 reboot), ...free\n+00009ed0: 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 746c 6472 dos..., ...ntldr\n+00009ee0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 ..., ...plan9...\n+00009ef0: 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 and....truecryp\n+00009f00: 74e2 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 t... provide no \n+00009f10: 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 206c possibility of l\n+00009f20: 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 oading initial r\n+00009f30: 616d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 amdisk and as fa\n+00009f40: 720a 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 r.as author is a\n+00009f50: 7761 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 ware the payload\n+00009f60: 7320 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f s in question do\n+00009f70: 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 n't support eith\n+00009f80: 6572 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 er initial.ramdi\n+00009f90: 736b 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e sk or discoverin\n+00009fa0: 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 g loopback boot \n+00009fb0: 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 in other way and\n+00009fc0: 2061 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f as such not.boo\n+00009fd0: 7461 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 table this way. \n+00009fe0: 2050 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 Please consider\n+00009ff0: 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f alternative boo\n+0000a000: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 t methods like.c\n+0000a010: 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 opying all files\n+0000a020: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 from the image \n+0000a030: 746f 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 7274 6974 to actual partit\n+0000a040: 696f 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f ion. Consult yo\n+0000a050: 7572 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 ur OS.documentat\n+0000a060: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 ion for more det\n+0000a070: 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ails.....File: g\n+0000a080: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0000a090: 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 LVM cache booti\n+0000a0a0: 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 ng, Next: OS-sp\n+0000a0b0: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 ecific notes, P\n+0000a0c0: 7265 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f rev: Loopback bo\n+0000a0d0: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 oting, Up: Boot\n+0000a0e0: 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 ing..5.3 Booting\n+0000a0f0: 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 from LVM cache \n+0000a100: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d logical volume.=\n+0000a110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0000a120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-0000a140: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n-0000a150: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 6520 l volume is the \n-0000a160: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 logical volume c\n-0000a170: 6f6e 7369 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 onsisting of the\n-0000a180: 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7468 .original and th\n-0000a190: 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 e cache pool log\n-0000a1a0: 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 5468 ical volume. Th\n-0000a1b0: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 7573 e original is us\n-0000a1c0: 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 6765 ually on.a large\n-0000a1d0: 7220 616e 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 746f r and slower sto\n-0000a1e0: 7261 6765 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 696c rage device whil\n-0000a1f0: 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c e the cache pool\n-0000a200: 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 is on a smaller\n-0000a210: 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e 652e .and faster one.\n-0000a220: 2020 5468 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 The performanc\n-0000a230: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 e of the origina\n-0000a240: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 l volume can be \n-0000a250: 696d 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 improved.by stor\n-0000a260: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 6e74 ing the frequent\n-0000a270: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f 6e20 ly used data on \n-0000a280: 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 the cache pool t\n-0000a290: 6f20 7574 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a 6772 o utilize the.gr\n-0000a2a0: 6561 7465 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 eater performanc\n-0000a2b0: 6520 6f66 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 7669 e of faster devi\n-0000a2c0: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 6f6f ce... GRUB boo\n-0000a2d0: 7473 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 ts from LVM cach\n-0000a2e0: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n-0000a2f0: 206d 6572 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 6469 merely by readi\n-0000a300: 6e67 2069 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e 616c ng it's.original\n-0000a310: 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 logical volume \n-0000a320: 736f 2074 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 6461 so that dirty da\n-0000a330: 7461 2069 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c ta in cache pool\n-0000a340: 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 7265 volume is.disre\n-0000a350: 6761 7264 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 garded. This is\n-0000a360: 206e 6f74 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2066 not a problem f\n-0000a370: 6f72 2022 7772 6974 6574 6872 6f75 6768 or \"writethrough\n-0000a380: 2220 6361 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 \" cache mode as \n-0000a390: 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 it.ensures that \n-0000a3a0: 616e 7920 6461 7461 2077 7269 7474 656e any data written\n-0000a3b0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 746f 7265 6420 will be stored \n-0000a3c0: 626f 7468 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 both on the cach\n-0000a3d0: 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e e and the.origin\n-0000a3e0: 204c 562e 2046 6f72 2074 6865 206f 7468 LV. For the oth\n-0000a3f0: 6572 2063 6163 6865 206d 6f64 6520 2277 er cache mode \"w\n-0000a400: 7269 7465 6261 636b 222c 2077 6869 6368 riteback\", which\n-0000a410: 2064 656c 6179 7320 7772 6974 696e 670a delays writing.\n-0000a420: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 from the cache p\n-0000a430: 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ool back to the \n-0000a440: 6f72 6967 696e 204c 5620 746f 2062 6f6f origin LV to boo\n-0000a450: 7374 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 st performance, \n-0000a460: 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 746f GRUB may.fail to\n-0000a470: 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2077 616b boot in the wak\n-0000a480: 6520 6f66 2061 6363 6964 656e 7461 6c20 e of accidental \n-0000a490: 706f 7765 7220 6f75 7461 6765 2064 7565 power outage due\n-0000a4a0: 2074 6f20 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 to it's.inabili\n-0000a4b0: 7479 2074 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 ty to assemble t\n-0000a4c0: 6865 2063 6163 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 he cache device \n-0000a4d0: 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 for reading the \n-0000a4e0: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2064 6972 7479 0a64 required dirty.d\n-0000a4f0: 6174 6120 6c65 6674 2062 6568 696e 642e ata left behind.\n-0000a500: 2020 5468 6520 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e20 The situation \n-0000a510: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 will be improved\n-0000a520: 2061 6674 6572 2061 6464 696e 6720 6675 after adding fu\n-0000a530: 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 ll.support to th\n-0000a540: 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 e LVM cache logi\n-0000a550: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 cal volume in th\n-0000a560: 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e future.....Fil\n-0000a570: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0000a580: 6f64 653a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 ode: OS-specific\n-0000a590: 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c notes, Prev: L\n-0000a5a0: 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 VM cache booting\n-0000a5b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a , Up: Booting..\n-0000a5c0: 352e 3420 536f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 7473 5.4 Some caveats\n-0000a5d0: 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 on OS-specific \n-0000a5e0: 6973 7375 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d issues.=========\n+0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 ========..The LV\n+0000a140: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n+0000a150: 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c6f volume is the lo\n+0000a160: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e gical volume con\n+0000a170: 7369 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f sisting of the.o\n+0000a180: 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 riginal and the \n+0000a190: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 cache pool logic\n+0000a1a0: 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 5468 6520 al volume. The \n+0000a1b0: 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 7573 7561 original is usua\n+0000a1c0: 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 6765 7220 lly on.a larger \n+0000a1d0: 616e 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 746f 7261 and slower stora\n+0000a1e0: 6765 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 696c 6520 ge device while \n+0000a1f0: 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 the cache pool i\n+0000a200: 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 s on a smaller.a\n+0000a210: 6e64 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 nd faster one. \n+0000a220: 5468 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 The performance \n+0000a230: 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 of the original \n+0000a240: 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 696d volume can be im\n+0000a250: 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 696e proved.by storin\n+0000a260: 6720 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 g the frequently\n+0000a270: 2075 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f 6e20 7468 used data on th\n+0000a280: 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 e cache pool to \n+0000a290: 7574 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a 6772 6561 utilize the.grea\n+0000a2a0: 7465 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 ter performance \n+0000a2b0: 6f66 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 7669 6365 of faster device\n+0000a2c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 ... GRUB boots\n+0000a2d0: 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 from LVM cache \n+0000a2e0: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 206d logical volume m\n+0000a2f0: 6572 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 6469 6e67 erely by reading\n+0000a300: 2069 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e 616c 206c it's.original l\n+0000a310: 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 736f ogical volume so\n+0000a320: 2074 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 6461 7461 that dirty data\n+0000a330: 2069 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 in cache pool v\n+0000a340: 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 7265 6761 olume is.disrega\n+0000a350: 7264 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e rded. This is n\n+0000a360: 6f74 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2066 6f72 ot a problem for\n+0000a370: 2022 7772 6974 6574 6872 6f75 6768 2220 \"writethrough\" \n+0000a380: 6361 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 6974 cache mode as it\n+0000a390: 0a65 6e73 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 616e .ensures that an\n+0000a3a0: 7920 6461 7461 2077 7269 7474 656e 2077 y data written w\n+0000a3b0: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 746f 7265 6420 626f ill be stored bo\n+0000a3c0: 7468 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 th on the cache \n+0000a3d0: 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e 204c and the.origin L\n+0000a3e0: 562e 2046 6f72 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 V. For the other\n+0000a3f0: 2063 6163 6865 206d 6f64 6520 2277 7269 cache mode \"wri\n+0000a400: 7465 6261 636b 222c 2077 6869 6368 2064 teback\", which d\n+0000a410: 656c 6179 7320 7772 6974 696e 670a 6672 elays writing.fr\n+0000a420: 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 6f6f om the cache poo\n+0000a430: 6c20 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 l back to the or\n+0000a440: 6967 696e 204c 5620 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 igin LV to boost\n+0000a450: 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 4752 performance, GR\n+0000a460: 5542 206d 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 746f 2062 UB may.fail to b\n+0000a470: 6f6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2077 616b 6520 oot in the wake \n+0000a480: 6f66 2061 6363 6964 656e 7461 6c20 706f of accidental po\n+0000a490: 7765 7220 6f75 7461 6765 2064 7565 2074 wer outage due t\n+0000a4a0: 6f20 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 o it's.inability\n+0000a4b0: 2074 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 to assemble the\n+0000a4c0: 2063 6163 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f cache device fo\n+0000a4d0: 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 r reading the re\n+0000a4e0: 7175 6972 6564 2064 6972 7479 0a64 6174 quired dirty.dat\n+0000a4f0: 6120 6c65 6674 2062 6568 696e 642e 2020 a left behind. \n+0000a500: 5468 6520 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e20 7769 The situation wi\n+0000a510: 6c6c 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2061 ll be improved a\n+0000a520: 6674 6572 2061 6464 696e 6720 6675 6c6c fter adding full\n+0000a530: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 .support to the \n+0000a540: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n+0000a550: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 l volume in the \n+0000a560: 6675 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a future.....File:\n+0000a570: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0000a580: 653a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e e: OS-specific n\n+0000a590: 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 564d otes, Prev: LVM\n+0000a5a0: 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 cache booting, \n+0000a5b0: 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e Up: Booting..5.\n+0000a5c0: 3420 536f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 7473 206f 4 Some caveats o\n+0000a5d0: 6e20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 n OS-specific is\n+0000a5e0: 7375 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d sues.===========\n 0000a5f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 =============..H\n-0000a610: 6572 652c 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 ere, we describe\n-0000a620: 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e some caveats on\n-0000a630: 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 several operati\n-0000a640: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d ng systems...* M\n-0000a650: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 enu:..* GNU/Hurd\n-0000a660: 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a ::.* GNU/Linux::\n-0000a670: 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f .* NetBSD::.* DO\n-0000a680: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 S/Windows::....F\n-0000a690: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0000a6a0: 204e 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c Node: GNU/Hurd,\n-0000a6b0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 Next: GNU/Linu\n-0000a6c0: 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 x, Up: OS-speci\n-0000a6d0: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 fic notes..5.4.1\n-0000a6e0: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d GNU/Hurd.------\n-0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 --------..Since \n-0000a700: 474e 552f 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 GNU/Hurd is Mult\n-0000a710: 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 742c iboot-compliant,\n-0000a720: 2069 7420 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 it is easy to b\n-0000a730: 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 6973 oot it; there is\n-0000a740: 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 616c .nothing special\n-0000a750: 2061 626f 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 7420 about it. But \n-0000a760: 646f 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 do not forget th\n-0000a770: 6174 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 2073 at you have to s\n-0000a780: 7065 6369 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 pecify a.root pa\n-0000a790: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206b rtition to the k\n-0000a7a0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 ernel... 1. Set\n-0000a7b0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 GRUB's root dev\n-0000a7c0: 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 ice to the same \n-0000a7d0: 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 drive as GNU/Hur\n-0000a7e0: 6427 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2063 d's. The. c\n-0000a7f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 ommand ...search\n-0000a800: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 --set=root --fi\n-0000a810: 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 le /boot/gnumach\n-0000a820: 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 .gz... or simila\n-0000a830: 7220 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c 7020 r may. help \n-0000a840: 796f 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 you (*note searc\n-0000a850: 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 h::)... 2. Load\n-0000a860: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 the kernel and \n-0000a870: 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c 696b the modules, lik\n-0000a880: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e this:.. \n-0000a890: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 626f grub> multibo\n-0000a8a0: 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 ot /boot/gnumach\n-0000a8b0: 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 653a .gz root=device:\n-0000a8c0: 6864 3073 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hd0s1. \n-0000a8d0: 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 grub> module /h\n-0000a8e0: 7572 642f 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 7469 urd/ext2fs.stati\n-0000a8f0: 6320 6578 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 646f c ext2fs --reado\n-0000a900: 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nly \\. \n+0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 ===========..Her\n+0000a610: 652c 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 2073 e, we describe s\n+0000a620: 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 ome caveats on s\n+0000a630: 6576 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 everal operating\n+0000a640: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e systems...* Men\n+0000a650: 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 3a3a u:..* GNU/Hurd::\n+0000a660: 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a .* GNU/Linux::.*\n+0000a670: 204e 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f NetBSD::.* DOS/\n+0000a680: 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c Windows::....Fil\n+0000a690: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0000a6a0: 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 ode: GNU/Hurd, \n+0000a6b0: 4e65 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c Next: GNU/Linux,\n+0000a6c0: 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Up: OS-specifi\n+0000a6d0: 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 c notes..5.4.1 G\n+0000a6e0: 4e55 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d NU/Hurd.--------\n+0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 474e ------..Since GN\n+0000a700: 552f 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 U/Hurd is Multib\n+0000a710: 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 742c 2069 oot-compliant, i\n+0000a720: 7420 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f t is easy to boo\n+0000a730: 7420 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 6973 0a6e t it; there is.n\n+0000a740: 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 616c 2061 othing special a\n+0000a750: 626f 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 7420 646f bout it. But do\n+0000a760: 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 6174 not forget that\n+0000a770: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 2073 7065 you have to spe\n+0000a780: 6369 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 cify a.root part\n+0000a790: 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 ition to the ker\n+0000a7a0: 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 nel... 1. Set G\n+0000a7b0: 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 RUB's root devic\n+0000a7c0: 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 e to the same dr\n+0000a7d0: 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 ive as GNU/Hurd'\n+0000a7e0: 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d s. The. com\n+0000a7f0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d mand ...search -\n+0000a800: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 -set=root --file\n+0000a810: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 /boot/gnumach.g\n+0000a820: 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 z... or similar \n+0000a830: 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c 7020 796f may. help yo\n+0000a840: 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a u (*note search:\n+0000a850: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 :)... 2. Load t\n+0000a860: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 he kernel and th\n+0000a870: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c 696b 6520 e modules, like \n+0000a880: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0000a890: 2067 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 grub> multiboot\n+0000a8a0: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 /boot/gnumach.g\n+0000a8b0: 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 653a 6864 z root=device:hd\n+0000a8c0: 3073 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 0s1. gr\n+0000a8d0: 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 ub> module /hur\n+0000a8e0: 642f 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 7469 6320 d/ext2fs.static \n+0000a8f0: 6578 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c ext2fs --readonl\n+0000a900: 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y \\. \n 0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a920: 2020 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 --multiboot-c\n-0000a930: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 7b6b ommand-line='${k\n-0000a940: 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ernel-command-li\n-0000a950: 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ne}' \\. \n+0000a920: 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d --multiboot-com\n+0000a930: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 mand-line='${ker\n+0000a940: 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 nel-command-line\n+0000a950: 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 }' \\. \n 0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a970: 2020 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 762d --host-priv-\n-0000a980: 706f 7274 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 port='${host-por\n-0000a990: 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t}' \\. \n+0000a970: 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 762d 706f --host-priv-po\n+0000a980: 7274 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 747d rt='${host-port}\n+0000a990: 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ' \\. \n 0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9b0: 2020 202d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 7374 --device-mast\n-0000a9c0: 6572 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 6963 er-port='${devic\n-0000a9d0: 652d 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 e-port}' \\. \n+0000a9b0: 202d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 7374 6572 --device-master\n+0000a9c0: 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 6963 652d -port='${device-\n+0000a9d0: 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 port}' \\. \n 0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 --exec-s\n-0000aa00: 6572 7665 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b 6578 erver-task='${ex\n-0000aa10: 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 7970 ec-task}' -T typ\n-0000aa20: 6564 2027 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 ed '${root}' \\. \n+0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 6572 --exec-ser\n+0000aa00: 7665 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b 6578 6563 ver-task='${exec\n+0000aa10: 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 7970 6564 -task}' -T typed\n+0000aa20: 2027 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 '${root}' \\. \n 0000aa30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 2874 '$(t\n-0000aa50: 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 2428 ask-create)' '$(\n-0000aa60: 7461 736b 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a 2020 task-resume)'. \n-0000aa70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f grub> mo\n-0000aa80: 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e dule /lib/ld.so.\n-0000aa90: 3120 6578 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7865 1 exec /hurd/exe\n-0000aaa0: 6320 2724 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b 3d74 c '$(exec-task=t\n-0000aab0: 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 ask-create)'.. \n-0000aac0: 332e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 3. Finally, run \n-0000aad0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 the command ...b\n-0000aae0: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f oot... (*note bo\n-0000aaf0: 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ot::).....File: \n-0000ab00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0000ab10: 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 : GNU/Linux, Ne\n-0000ab20: 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 7265 xt: NetBSD, Pre\n-0000ab30: 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 5570 v: GNU/Hurd, Up\n-0000ab40: 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f : OS-specific no\n-0000ab50: 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c tes..5.4.2 GNU/L\n-0000ab60: 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d inux.-----------\n-0000ab70: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 6c61 ----..It is rela\n-0000ab80: 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 tively easy to b\n-0000ab90: 6f6f 7420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 oot GNU/Linux fr\n-0000aba0: 6f6d 2047 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 7365 om GRUB, because\n-0000abb0: 2069 7420 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 6573 it somewhat.res\n-0000abc0: 656d 626c 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 embles to boot a\n-0000abd0: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c Multiboot-compl\n-0000abe0: 6961 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 iant OS... 1. S\n-0000abf0: 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 et GRUB's root d\n-0000ac00: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d evice to the sam\n-0000ac10: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c e drive as GNU/L\n-0000ac20: 696e 7578 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 inux's. The. \n-0000ac30: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 command ...sea\n-0000ac40: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n-0000ac50: 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a e280 -file /vmlinuz..\n-0000ac60: 9920 6f72 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 . or similar may\n-0000ac70: 2068 656c 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 2028 help you. (\n-0000ac80: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e *note search::).\n-0000ac90: 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 .. 2. Load the \n-0000aca0: 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 kernel using the\n-0000acb0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 command ...linu\n-0000acc0: 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 x... (*note linu\n-0000acd0: 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 x::):.. \n-0000ace0: 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d grub> linux /vm\n-0000acf0: 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f linuz root=/dev/\n-0000ad00: 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f sda1.. If yo\n-0000ad10: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 u need to specif\n-0000ad20: 7920 736f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 y some kernel pa\n-0000ad30: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 rameters, just a\n-0000ad40: 7070 656e 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 ppend them to. \n-0000ad50: 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 the command. \n-0000ad60: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f For example, to\n-0000ad70: 2073 6574 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 9920 set ...acpi... \n-0000ad80: 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 646f to ...off..., do\n-0000ad90: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n-0000ada0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 grub> linux /v\n-0000adb0: 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 mlinuz root=/dev\n-0000adc0: 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a /sda1 acpi=off..\n-0000add0: 2020 2020 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 See the doc\n-0000ade0: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 umentation in th\n-0000adf0: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 2074 e Linux source t\n-0000ae00: 7265 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 ree for complete\n-0000ae10: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n-0000ae20: 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 n on the availab\n-0000ae30: 6c65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 le options... \n-0000ae40: 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 With ...linux.\n-0000ae50: 8099 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 322d .. GRUB uses 32-\n-0000ae60: 6269 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 bit protocol. S\n-0000ae70: 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 6365 ome BIOS service\n-0000ae80: 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 4d20 s like. APM \n-0000ae90: 6f72 2045 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 6176 or EDD aren't av\n-0000aea0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 6869 ailable with thi\n-0000aeb0: 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 s protocol. In \n-0000aec0: 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 this case you. \n-0000aed0: 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 need to use .\n-0000aee0: 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 ..linux16..... \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 grub> li\n-0000af00: 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 nux16 /vmlinuz r\n-0000af10: 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 oot=/dev/sda1 ac\n-0000af20: 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 pi=off.. 3. If \n-0000af30: 796f 7520 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 7472 you use an initr\n-0000af40: 642c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2063 d, execute the c\n-0000af50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 ommand ...initrd\n-0000af60: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 ... (*note initr\n-0000af70: 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 d::). after \n-0000af80: e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 ...linux...:.. \n-0000af90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e grub> in\n-0000afa0: 6974 7264 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 itrd /initrd.. \n-0000afb0: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 20e2 If you used .\n-0000afc0: 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 ..linux16... you\n-0000afd0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 need to use ...\n-0000afe0: 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 initrd16...:.. \n-0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e grub> in\n-0000b000: 6974 7264 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a itrd16 /initrd..\n-0000b010: 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 4. Finally, ru\n-0000b020: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 n the command ..\n-0000b030: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .boot... (*note \n-0000b040: 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot::).....File\n-0000b050: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0000b060: 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e 6578 de: NetBSD, Nex\n-0000b070: 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2c20 t: DOS/Windows, \n-0000b080: 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 Prev: GNU/Linux\n-0000b090: 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 , Up: OS-specif\n-0000b0a0: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 ic notes..5.4.3 \n-0000b0b0: 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d NetBSD.---------\n-0000b0c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 204e ---..Booting a N\n-0000b0d0: 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 726f etBSD kernel fro\n-0000b0e0: 6d20 4752 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 m GRUB is also r\n-0000b0f0: 656c 6174 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 3a20 elatively easy: \n-0000b100: 6669 7273 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 2773 first set.GRUB's\n-0000b110: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7468 root device, th\n-0000b120: 656e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e en load the kern\n-0000b130: 656c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c el and the modul\n-0000b140: 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a es, and finally.\n-0000b150: 7275 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a run ...boot.....\n-0000b160: 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 . 1. Set GRUB's\n-0000b170: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 root device to \n-0000b180: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 686f the partition ho\n-0000b190: 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 5344 lding the NetBSD\n-0000b1a0: 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 root. file \n-0000b1b0: 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 2064 system. For a d\n-0000b1c0: 6973 6b20 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 4253 isk with a NetBS\n-0000b1d0: 4420 6469 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 7468 D disk label, th\n-0000b1e0: 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 is is usually. \n-0000b1f0: 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 the first par\n-0000b200: 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 496e tition (a:). In\n-0000b210: 2074 6861 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e 6420 that case, and \n-0000b220: 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 assuming that th\n-0000b230: 650a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e e. partition\n-0000b240: 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 is on the first\n-0000b250: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 hard disk, set \n-0000b260: 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 GRUB's root devi\n-0000b270: 6365 2061 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f ce as. follo\n-0000b280: 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 ws:.. g\n-0000b290: 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 rub> insmod part\n-0000b2a0: 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 _bsd. g\n-0000b2b0: 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 rub> set root=(h\n-0000b2c0: 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 2020 d0,netbsd1).. \n-0000b2d0: 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 6974 For a disk wit\n-0000b2e0: 6820 6120 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 h a GUID Partiti\n-0000b2f0: 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2c20 on Table (GPT), \n-0000b300: 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 and assuming tha\n-0000b310: 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 4253 t the. NetBS\n-0000b320: 4420 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e D root partition\n-0000b330: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 4750 is the third GP\n-0000b340: 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 T partition, do \n-0000b350: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n-0000b360: 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 grub> insmod pa\n-0000b370: 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt_gpt. \n-0000b380: 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d grub> set root=\n-0000b390: 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 322e (hd0,gpt3).. 2.\n-0000b3a0: 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c Load the kernel\n-0000b3b0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 using the comma\n-0000b3c0: 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 nd ...knetbsd...\n-0000b3d0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000b3e0: 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 7462 b> knetbsd /netb\n-0000b3f0: 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f 7573 sd.. Various\n-0000b400: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 options may be \n-0000b410: 6769 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 given to ...knet\n-0000b420: 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f bsd.... These o\n-0000b430: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f 720a ptions are, for.\n-0000b440: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7061 the most pa\n-0000b450: 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 rt, the same as \n-0000b460: 696e 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 626f in the NetBSD bo\n-0000b470: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f 720a ot loader. For.\n-0000b480: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2074 instance, t\n-0000b490: 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 o boot the syste\n-0000b4a0: 6d20 696e 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 6572 m in single-user\n-0000b4b0: 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 2076 mode and with v\n-0000b4c0: 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 7373 erbose. mess\n-0000b4d0: 6167 6573 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a ages, do this:..\n-0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n-0000b4f0: 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 knetbsd /netbsd \n-0000b500: 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 206e -s -v.. 3. If n\n-0000b510: 6565 6465 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e eeded, load kern\n-0000b520: 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 6820 el modules with \n-0000b530: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 the command. \n-0000b540: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 ...knetbsd_modu\n-0000b550: 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 7479 le_elf.... A ty\n-0000b560: 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 pical example is\n-0000b570: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 the module for \n-0000b580: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 the root. fi\n-0000b590: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 le system:.. \n-0000b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 grub> knet\n-0000b5b0: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f bsd_module_elf /\n-0000b5c0: 7374 616e 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e 302f stand/amd64/6.0/\n-0000b5d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 732e modules/ffs/ffs.\n-0000b5e0: 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c kmod.. 4. Final\n-0000b5f0: 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d ly, run the comm\n-0000b600: 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 and ...boot... (\n-0000b610: 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a *note boot::)...\n-0000b620: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0000b630: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f 5769 o, Node: DOS/Wi\n-0000b640: 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 ndows, Prev: Ne\n-0000b650: 7442 5344 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 tBSD, Up: OS-sp\n-0000b660: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e ecific notes..5.\n-0000b670: 342e 3420 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 4.4 DOS/Windows.\n-0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000b690: 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 -..GRUB cannot b\n-0000b6a0: 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f oot DOS or Windo\n-0000b6b0: 7773 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 6f20 ws directly, so \n-0000b6c0: 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c you must chain-l\n-0000b6d0: 6f61 6420 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 oad them.(*note \n-0000b6e0: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 Chain-loading::)\n-0000b6f0: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6569 . However, thei\n-0000b700: 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2068 r boot loaders h\n-0000b710: 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 6361 ave some critica\n-0000b720: 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 2c20 l.deficiencies, \n-0000b730: 736f 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 776f so it may not wo\n-0000b740: 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 696e rk to just chain\n-0000b750: 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 -load them. To \n-0000b760: 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 726f overcome.the pro\n-0000b770: 626c 656d 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 blems, GRUB prov\n-0000b780: 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 7477 ides you with tw\n-0000b790: 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 696f o helper functio\n-0000b7a0: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 ns... If you h\n-0000b7b0: 6176 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f ave installed DO\n-0000b7c0: 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f S (or Windows) o\n-0000b7d0: 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6861 n a non-first ha\n-0000b7e0: 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 rd disk, you.hav\n-0000b7f0: 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6973 e to use the dis\n-0000b800: 6b20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 686e k swapping techn\n-0000b810: 6971 7565 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 ique, because th\n-0000b820: 6174 204f 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f at OS cannot boo\n-0000b830: 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 t.from any disks\n-0000b840: 2062 7574 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f but the first o\n-0000b850: 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 726f ne. The workaro\n-0000b860: 756e 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 und used in GRUB\n-0000b870: 2069 7320 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 is the.command \n-0000b880: e280 9864 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 ...drivemap... (\n-0000b890: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a *note drivemap::\n-0000b8a0: 292c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 ), like this:.. \n-0000b8b0: 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 drivemap -s \n-0000b8c0: 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 (hd0) (hd1).. \n-0000b8d0: 5468 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 This performs a \n-0000b8e0: e280 9c76 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 7377 ...virtual... sw\n-0000b8f0: 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 7220 ap between your \n-0000b900: 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 first and second\n-0000b910: 2068 6172 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 hard.drive... \n-0000b920: 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 *Caution:* This\n-0000b930: 2069 7320 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 6f6e is effective on\n-0000b940: 6c79 2069 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 ly if DOS (or Wi\n-0000b950: 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 4f53 ndows) uses BIOS\n-0000b960: 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 2073 to.access the s\n-0000b970: 7761 7070 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 wapped disks. I\n-0000b980: 6620 7468 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 2061 f that OS uses a\n-0000b990: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 7220 special driver \n-0000b9a0: 666f 7220 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c 2074 for the.disks, t\n-0000b9b0: 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e his probably won\n-0000b9c0: 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 't work... Ano\n-0000b9d0: 7468 6572 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 7269 ther problem ari\n-0000b9e0: 7365 7320 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 ses if you insta\n-0000b9f0: 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f lled more than o\n-0000ba00: 6e65 2073 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f 5769 ne set of.DOS/Wi\n-0000ba10: 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 2064 ndows onto one d\n-0000ba20: 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 isk, because the\n-0000ba30: 7920 636f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 y could be confu\n-0000ba40: 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 sed if there are\n-0000ba50: 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2070 .more than one p\n-0000ba60: 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e rimary partition\n-0000ba70: 7320 666f 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 s for DOS/Window\n-0000ba80: 732e 2020 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 796f s. Certainly yo\n-0000ba90: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 2064 u should.avoid d\n-0000baa0: 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2074 oing this, but t\n-0000bab0: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 7469 here is a soluti\n-0000bac0: 6f6e 2069 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 616e on if you do wan\n-0000bad0: 7420 746f 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 7365 t to do so. Use\n-0000bae0: 0a74 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 .the partition h\n-0000baf0: 6964 696e 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 2074 iding/unhiding t\n-0000bb00: 6563 686e 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 echnique... If\n-0000bb10: 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 e280 GRUB ...hides..\n-0000bb20: 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 . a DOS (or Wind\n-0000bb30: 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 ows) partition (\n-0000bb40: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a *note parttool::\n-0000bb50: 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e 646f ), DOS.(or Windo\n-0000bb60: 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6520 ws) will ignore \n-0000bb70: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 the partition. \n-0000bb80: 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 6964 If GRUB ...unhid\n-0000bb90: 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 720a es... a DOS (or.\n-0000bba0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 Windows) partiti\n-0000bbb0: 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 on, DOS (or Wind\n-0000bbc0: 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 ows) will detect\n-0000bbd0: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 the partition. \n-0000bbe0: 2054 6875 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6861 Thus,.if you ha\n-0000bbf0: 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 ve installed DOS\n-0000bc00: 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e (or Windows) on\n-0000bc10: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2074 the first and t\n-0000bc20: 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 6974 he second.partit\n-0000bc30: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ion of the first\n-0000bc40: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e 6420 hard disk, and \n-0000bc50: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 you want to boot\n-0000bc60: 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 the copy on the\n-0000bc70: 0a66 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e .first partition\n-0000bc80: 2c20 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 , do the followi\n-0000bc90: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f ng:.. partto\n-0000bca0: 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 6465 ol (hd0,1) hidde\n-0000bcb0: 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c n-. parttool\n-0000bcc0: 2028 6864 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 6e2b (hd0,2) hidden+\n-0000bcd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 . set root=(\n-0000bce0: 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6169 hd0,1). chai\n-0000bcf0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 nloader +1. \n-0000bd00: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d parttool ${root}\n-0000bd10: 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 boot+. boot\n-0000bd20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0000bd30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 nfo, Node: Conf\n-0000bd40: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 iguration, Next\n-0000bd50: 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 : Theme file for\n-0000bd60: 6d61 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 mat, Prev: Boot\n-0000bd70: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 ing, Up: Top..6\n-0000bd80: 2057 7269 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 Writing your ow\n-0000bd90: 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 n configuration \n-0000bda0: 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a file.***********\n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 2874 6173 '$(tas\n+0000aa50: 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 2428 7461 k-create)' '$(ta\n+0000aa60: 736b 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a 2020 2020 sk-resume)'. \n+0000aa70: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 grub> modu\n+0000aa80: 6c65 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 le /lib/ld.so.1 \n+0000aa90: 6578 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7865 6320 exec /hurd/exec \n+0000aaa0: 2724 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b 3d74 6173 '$(exec-task=tas\n+0000aab0: 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 332e k-create)'.. 3.\n+0000aac0: 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 Finally, run th\n+0000aad0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f e command ...boo\n+0000aae0: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 t... (*note boot\n+0000aaf0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+0000ab00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0000ab10: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 GNU/Linux, Next\n+0000ab20: 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 7265 763a : NetBSD, Prev:\n+0000ab30: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 5570 3a20 GNU/Hurd, Up: \n+0000ab40: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 OS-specific note\n+0000ab50: 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e s..5.4.2 GNU/Lin\n+0000ab60: 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ux.-------------\n+0000ab70: 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 6c61 7469 --..It is relati\n+0000ab80: 7665 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f vely easy to boo\n+0000ab90: 7420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d t GNU/Linux from\n+0000aba0: 2047 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 GRUB, because i\n+0000abb0: 7420 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 6573 656d t somewhat.resem\n+0000abc0: 626c 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 204d bles to boot a M\n+0000abd0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 ultiboot-complia\n+0000abe0: 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 nt OS... 1. Set\n+0000abf0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 GRUB's root dev\n+0000ac00: 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 ice to the same \n+0000ac10: 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e drive as GNU/Lin\n+0000ac20: 7578 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ux's. The. \n+0000ac30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 command ...searc\n+0000ac40: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 h --set=root --f\n+0000ac50: 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a e280 9920 ile /vmlinuz... \n+0000ac60: 6f72 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 2068 or similar may h\n+0000ac70: 656c 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e elp you. (*n\n+0000ac80: 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote search::)...\n+0000ac90: 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 2. Load the ke\n+0000aca0: 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 rnel using the c\n+0000acb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 ommand ...linux.\n+0000acc0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a .. (*note linux:\n+0000acd0: 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 :):.. g\n+0000ace0: 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 rub> linux /vmli\n+0000acf0: 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 nuz root=/dev/sd\n+0000ad00: 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 a1.. If you \n+0000ad10: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 need to specify \n+0000ad20: 736f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 some kernel para\n+0000ad30: 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 7070 meters, just app\n+0000ad40: 656e 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 end them to. \n+0000ad50: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 the command. F\n+0000ad60: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 or example, to s\n+0000ad70: 6574 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 9920 746f et ...acpi... to\n+0000ad80: 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 646f 2074 ...off..., do t\n+0000ad90: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 his:.. \n+0000ada0: 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c grub> linux /vml\n+0000adb0: 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 inuz root=/dev/s\n+0000adc0: 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 da1 acpi=off.. \n+0000add0: 2020 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d See the docum\n+0000ade0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 entation in the \n+0000adf0: 4c69 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 2074 7265 Linux source tre\n+0000ae00: 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 e for complete. \n+0000ae10: 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 information \n+0000ae20: 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 on the available\n+0000ae30: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 options... \n+0000ae40: 5769 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 With ...linux...\n+0000ae50: 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 322d 6269 GRUB uses 32-bi\n+0000ae60: 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d t protocol. Som\n+0000ae70: 6520 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 6365 7320 e BIOS services \n+0000ae80: 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 like. APM or\n+0000ae90: 2045 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 6176 6169 EDD aren't avai\n+0000aea0: 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 lable with this \n+0000aeb0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 protocol. In th\n+0000aec0: 6973 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 is case you. \n+0000aed0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 need to use ...\n+0000aee0: 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 linux16..... \n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 grub> linu\n+0000af00: 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f x16 /vmlinuz roo\n+0000af10: 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 t=/dev/sda1 acpi\n+0000af20: 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f =off.. 3. If yo\n+0000af30: 7520 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 7472 642c u use an initrd,\n+0000af40: 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6d execute the com\n+0000af50: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 mand ...initrd..\n+0000af60: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a . (*note initrd:\n+0000af70: 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 e280 :). after ..\n+0000af80: 986c 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 .linux...:.. \n+0000af90: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 grub> init\n+0000afa0: 7264 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 rd /initrd.. \n+0000afb0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 20e2 8098 If you used ...\n+0000afc0: 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 206e linux16... you n\n+0000afd0: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 696e eed to use ...in\n+0000afe0: 6974 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 itrd16...:.. \n+0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 grub> init\n+0000b000: 7264 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 rd16 /initrd.. \n+0000b010: 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 4. Finally, run \n+0000b020: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 the command ...b\n+0000b030: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f oot... (*note bo\n+0000b040: 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ot::).....File: \n+0000b050: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0000b060: 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e 6578 743a : NetBSD, Next:\n+0000b070: 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 DOS/Windows, P\n+0000b080: 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 rev: GNU/Linux, \n+0000b090: 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 Up: OS-specific\n+0000b0a0: 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 4e65 notes..5.4.3 Ne\n+0000b0b0: 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tBSD.-----------\n+0000b0c0: 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 204e 6574 -..Booting a Net\n+0000b0d0: 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 726f 6d20 BSD kernel from \n+0000b0e0: 4752 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 656c GRUB is also rel\n+0000b0f0: 6174 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 3a20 6669 atively easy: fi\n+0000b100: 7273 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 2773 2072 rst set.GRUB's r\n+0000b110: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7468 656e oot device, then\n+0000b120: 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c load the kernel\n+0000b130: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 and the modules\n+0000b140: 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 , and finally.ru\n+0000b150: 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 n ...boot...... \n+0000b160: 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 1. Set GRUB's r\n+0000b170: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 oot device to th\n+0000b180: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 e partition hold\n+0000b190: 696e 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 5344 2072 ing the NetBSD r\n+0000b1a0: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 oot. file sy\n+0000b1b0: 7374 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 stem. For a dis\n+0000b1c0: 6b20 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 k with a NetBSD \n+0000b1d0: 6469 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 7468 6973 disk label, this\n+0000b1e0: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 is usually. \n+0000b1f0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the first parti\n+0000b200: 7469 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 496e 2074 tion (a:). In t\n+0000b210: 6861 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e 6420 6173 hat case, and as\n+0000b220: 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a suming that the.\n+0000b230: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 partition i\n+0000b240: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 s on the first h\n+0000b250: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 4752 ard disk, set GR\n+0000b260: 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 UB's root device\n+0000b270: 2061 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 as. follows\n+0000b280: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n+0000b290: 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f62 b> insmod part_b\n+0000b2a0: 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 sd. gru\n+0000b2b0: 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 b> set root=(hd0\n+0000b2c0: 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 ,netbsd1).. \n+0000b2d0: 466f 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 For a disk with \n+0000b2e0: 6120 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e a GUID Partition\n+0000b2f0: 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2c20 616e Table (GPT), an\n+0000b300: 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 d assuming that \n+0000b310: 7468 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 4253 4420 the. NetBSD \n+0000b320: 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 root partition i\n+0000b330: 7320 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 4750 5420 s the third GPT \n+0000b340: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 partition, do th\n+0000b350: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 is:.. g\n+0000b360: 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 rub> insmod part\n+0000b370: 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 _gpt. g\n+0000b380: 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 rub> set root=(h\n+0000b390: 6430 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 322e 204c d0,gpt3).. 2. L\n+0000b3a0: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 oad the kernel u\n+0000b3b0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 sing the command\n+0000b3c0: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a ...knetbsd...:.\n+0000b3d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0000b3e0: 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 7462 7364 knetbsd /netbsd\n+0000b3f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f 7573 206f .. Various o\n+0000b400: 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 ptions may be gi\n+0000b410: 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 ven to ...knetbs\n+0000b420: 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 d.... These opt\n+0000b430: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f 720a 2020 ions are, for. \n+0000b440: 2020 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7061 7274 the most part\n+0000b450: 2c20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e , the same as in\n+0000b460: 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 626f 6f74 the NetBSD boot\n+0000b470: 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f 720a 2020 loader. For. \n+0000b480: 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 instance, to \n+0000b490: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 boot the system \n+0000b4a0: 696e 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 6572 206d in single-user m\n+0000b4b0: 6f64 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 2076 6572 ode and with ver\n+0000b4c0: 626f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 bose. messag\n+0000b4d0: 6573 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 es, do this:.. \n+0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e grub> kn\n+0000b4f0: 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 2d73 etbsd /netbsd -s\n+0000b500: 202d 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 206e 6565 -v.. 3. If nee\n+0000b510: 6465 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c ded, load kernel\n+0000b520: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 modules with th\n+0000b530: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 e command. .\n+0000b540: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 ..knetbsd_module\n+0000b550: 5f65 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 7479 7069 _elf.... A typi\n+0000b560: 6361 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 2074 cal example is t\n+0000b570: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7468 he module for th\n+0000b580: 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 e root. file\n+0000b590: 2073 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 system:.. \n+0000b5a0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 grub> knetbs\n+0000b5b0: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 d_module_elf /st\n+0000b5c0: 616e 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e 302f 6d6f and/amd64/6.0/mo\n+0000b5d0: 6475 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 732e 6b6d dules/ffs/ffs.km\n+0000b5e0: 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 od.. 4. Finally\n+0000b5f0: 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e , run the comman\n+0000b600: 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e d ...boot... (*n\n+0000b610: 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a ote boot::).....\n+0000b620: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0000b630: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 Node: DOS/Wind\n+0000b640: 6f77 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 ows, Prev: NetB\n+0000b650: 5344 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 SD, Up: OS-spec\n+0000b660: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e ific notes..5.4.\n+0000b670: 3420 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 4 DOS/Windows.--\n+0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0000b690: 0a47 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f .GRUB cannot boo\n+0000b6a0: 7420 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 t DOS or Windows\n+0000b6b0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 6f20 796f directly, so yo\n+0000b6c0: 7520 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 u must chain-loa\n+0000b6d0: 6420 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 d them.(*note Ch\n+0000b6e0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 ain-loading::). \n+0000b6f0: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6569 7220 However, their \n+0000b700: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2068 6176 boot loaders hav\n+0000b710: 6520 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a e some critical.\n+0000b720: 6465 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f deficiencies, so\n+0000b730: 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 776f 726b it may not work\n+0000b740: 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c to just chain-l\n+0000b750: 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 oad them. To ov\n+0000b760: 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c ercome.the probl\n+0000b770: 656d 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 ems, GRUB provid\n+0000b780: 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 7477 6f20 es you with two \n+0000b790: 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 helper functions\n+0000b7a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 ... If you hav\n+0000b7b0: 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 e installed DOS \n+0000b7c0: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 (or Windows) on \n+0000b7d0: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 a non-first hard\n+0000b7e0: 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 disk, you.have \n+0000b7f0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 to use the disk \n+0000b800: 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 swapping techniq\n+0000b810: 7565 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6174 ue, because that\n+0000b820: 204f 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a OS cannot boot.\n+0000b830: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 2062 from any disks b\n+0000b840: 7574 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 ut the first one\n+0000b850: 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e . The workaroun\n+0000b860: 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 d used in GRUB i\n+0000b870: 7320 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 s the.command ..\n+0000b880: 9864 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e .drivemap... (*n\n+0000b890: 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 292c ote drivemap::),\n+0000b8a0: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n+0000b8b0: 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 drivemap -s (h\n+0000b8c0: 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 5468 d0) (hd1).. Th\n+0000b8d0: 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 e280 is performs a ..\n+0000b8e0: 9c76 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 7377 6170 .virtual... swap\n+0000b8f0: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 7220 6669 between your fi\n+0000b900: 7273 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 2068 rst and second h\n+0000b910: 6172 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 202a ard.drive... *\n+0000b920: 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 2069 Caution:* This i\n+0000b930: 7320 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 s effective only\n+0000b940: 2069 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 if DOS (or Wind\n+0000b950: 6f77 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 4f53 2074 ows) uses BIOS t\n+0000b960: 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 2073 7761 o.access the swa\n+0000b970: 7070 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 pped disks. If \n+0000b980: 7468 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 2061 2073 that OS uses a s\n+0000b990: 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f pecial driver fo\n+0000b9a0: 7220 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c 2074 6869 r the.disks, thi\n+0000b9b0: 7320 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 s probably won't\n+0000b9c0: 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 work... Anoth\n+0000b9d0: 6572 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 7269 7365 er problem arise\n+0000b9e0: 7320 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c s if you install\n+0000b9f0: 6564 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 ed more than one\n+0000ba00: 2073 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f 5769 6e64 set of.DOS/Wind\n+0000ba10: 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 2064 6973 ows onto one dis\n+0000ba20: 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7920 k, because they \n+0000ba30: 636f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 could be confuse\n+0000ba40: 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 0a6d d if there are.m\n+0000ba50: 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2070 7269 ore than one pri\n+0000ba60: 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 mary partitions \n+0000ba70: 666f 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732e for DOS/Windows.\n+0000ba80: 2020 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 Certainly you \n+0000ba90: 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 2064 6f69 should.avoid doi\n+0000baa0: 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2074 6865 ng this, but the\n+0000bab0: 7265 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e re is a solution\n+0000bac0: 2069 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 616e 7420 if you do want \n+0000bad0: 746f 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 to do so. Use.t\n+0000bae0: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 he partition hid\n+0000baf0: 696e 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 2074 6563 ing/unhiding tec\n+0000bb00: 686e 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2047 hnique... If G\n+0000bb10: 5255 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 RUB ...hides... \n+0000bb20: 6120 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 a DOS (or Window\n+0000bb30: 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e s) partition (*n\n+0000bb40: 6f74 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c ote parttool::),\n+0000bb50: 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 DOS.(or Windows\n+0000bb60: 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6520 7468 ) will ignore th\n+0000bb70: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 e partition. If\n+0000bb80: 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 GRUB ...unhides\n+0000bb90: e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 720a 5769 ... a DOS (or.Wi\n+0000bba0: 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ndows) partition\n+0000bbb0: 2c20 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 , DOS (or Window\n+0000bbc0: 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 2074 s) will detect t\n+0000bbd0: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 he partition. T\n+0000bbe0: 6875 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 hus,.if you have\n+0000bbf0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 installed DOS (\n+0000bc00: 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 or Windows) on t\n+0000bc10: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2074 6865 he first and the\n+0000bc20: 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 6974 696f second.partitio\n+0000bc30: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 n of the first h\n+0000bc40: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e 6420 796f ard disk, and yo\n+0000bc50: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 u want to boot t\n+0000bc60: 6865 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 he copy on the.f\n+0000bc70: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 irst partition, \n+0000bc80: 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 do the following\n+0000bc90: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c :.. parttool\n+0000bca0: 2028 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 6465 6e2d (hd0,1) hidden-\n+0000bcb0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 . parttool (\n+0000bcc0: 6864 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 hd0,2) hidden+. \n+0000bcd0: 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 set root=(hd\n+0000bce0: 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 0,1). chainl\n+0000bcf0: 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7061 oader +1. pa\n+0000bd00: 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 rttool ${root} b\n+0000bd10: 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a oot+. boot..\n+0000bd20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0000bd30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 o, Node: Config\n+0000bd40: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 uration, Next: \n+0000bd50: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n+0000bd60: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 696e t, Prev: Bootin\n+0000bd70: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 2057 g, Up: Top..6 W\n+0000bd80: 7269 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 riting your own \n+0000bd90: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+0000bda0: 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a le.*************\n 0000bdb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 **********..GRUB\n-0000bdd0: 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2075 is configured u\n-0000bde0: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 sing ...grub.cfg\n-0000bdf0: e280 992c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 ..., usually loc\n-0000be00: 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 ated under .../b\n-0000be10: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a54 6869 oot/grub.....Thi\n-0000be20: 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 s file is quite \n-0000be30: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f flexible, but mo\n-0000be40: 7374 2075 7365 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f st users will no\n-0000be50: 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 t need to write \n-0000be60: 7468 650a 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 696e 6720 the.whole thing \n-0000be70: 6279 2068 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 by hand...* Menu\n-0000be80: 3a0a 0a2a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 :..* Simple conf\n-0000be90: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 iguration:: \n-0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 Recommend\n-0000beb0: 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 ed for most user\n-0000bec0: 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 s.* Root Identif\n-0000bed0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 cation Heuristic\n-0000bee0: 733a 3a20 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e s:: Summary on\n-0000bef0: 2068 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 how the root fi\n-0000bf00: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2069 6465 le system is ide\n-0000bf10: 6e74 6966 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c ntified..* Shell\n-0000bf20: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a -like scripting:\n-0000bf30: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 : For\n-0000bf40: 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 2061 6e64 power users and\n-0000bf50: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 developers.* Mu\n-0000bf60: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n-0000bf70: 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 config:: \n-0000bf80: 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 7264 For non-standard\n-0000bf90: 206d 756c 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 656e 6172 multi-OS scenar\n-0000bfa0: 696f 730a 2a20 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 ios.* Embedded c\n-0000bfb0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 onfiguration:: \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d 6265 6464 696e Embeddin\n-0000bfd0: 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f g a configuratio\n-0000bfe0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 n file into GRUB\n-0000bff0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0000c000: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 6d70 nfo, Node: Simp\n-0000c010: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n-0000c020: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 , Next: Root Id\n-0000c030: 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 entifcation Heur\n-0000c040: 6973 7469 6373 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e istics, Up: Con\n-0000c050: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3120 figuration..6.1 \n-0000c060: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n-0000c070: 7469 6f6e 2068 616e 646c 696e 670a 3d3d tion handling.==\n+0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 ********..GRUB i\n+0000bdd0: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2075 7369 s configured usi\n+0000bde0: 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 ng ...grub.cfg..\n+0000bdf0: 992c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 ., usually locat\n+0000be00: 6564 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f ed under .../boo\n+0000be10: 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a54 6869 7320 t/grub.....This \n+0000be20: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 666c file is quite fl\n+0000be30: 6578 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 exible, but most\n+0000be40: 2075 7365 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 users will not \n+0000be50: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 7468 need to write th\n+0000be60: 650a 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 696e 6720 6279 e.whole thing by\n+0000be70: 2068 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a hand...* Menu:.\n+0000be80: 0a2a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 .* Simple config\n+0000be90: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 uration:: \n+0000bea0: 2020 2020 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 Recommended\n+0000beb0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 730a for most users.\n+0000bec0: 2a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 * Root Identifca\n+0000bed0: 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 733a tion Heuristics:\n+0000bee0: 3a20 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 : Summary on h\n+0000bef0: 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 ow the root file\n+0000bf00: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2069 6465 6e74 system is ident\n+0000bf10: 6966 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c ified..* Shell-l\n+0000bf20: 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a20 ike scripting:: \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2070 For p\n+0000bf40: 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2064 ower users and d\n+0000bf50: 6576 656c 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 evelopers.* Mult\n+0000bf60: 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f i-boot manual co\n+0000bf70: 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f nfig:: Fo\n+0000bf80: 7220 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 7264 206d r non-standard m\n+0000bf90: 756c 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 656e 6172 696f ulti-OS scenario\n+0000bfa0: 730a 2a20 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e s.* Embedded con\n+0000bfb0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 figuration:: \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 Embedding \n+0000bfd0: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n+0000bfe0: 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a0a file into GRUB..\n+0000bff0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0000c000: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 6d70 6c65 o, Node: Simple\n+0000c010: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 configuration, \n+0000c020: 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e Next: Root Iden\n+0000c030: 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 tifcation Heuris\n+0000c040: 7469 6373 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 tics, Up: Confi\n+0000c050: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3120 5369 guration..6.1 Si\n+0000c060: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n+0000c070: 6f6e 2068 616e 646c 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d on handling.====\n 0000c080: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-0000c0a0: 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .The program ...\n-0000c0b0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n-0000c0c0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 (*note Invoking\n-0000c0d0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a grub-mkconfig::\n-0000c0e0: 2920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 730a e280 9867 ) generates....g\n-0000c0f0: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 rub.cfg... files\n-0000c100: 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 6d6f suitable for mo\n-0000c110: 7374 2063 6173 6573 2e20 2049 7420 6973 st cases. It is\n-0000c120: 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 7573 suitable for us\n-0000c130: 6520 7768 656e 0a75 7067 7261 6469 6e67 e when.upgrading\n-0000c140: 2061 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c a distribution,\n-0000c150: 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 and will discov\n-0000c160: 6572 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206b 6572 er available ker\n-0000c170: 6e65 6c73 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 656d 7074 nels and.attempt\n-0000c180: 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e to generate men\n-0000c190: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 u entries for th\n-0000c1a0: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d em... ...grub-\n-0000c1b0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 646f 6573 mkconfig... does\n-0000c1c0: 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 206c 696d 6974 have some limit\n-0000c1d0: 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 2061 ations. While a\n-0000c1e0: 6464 696e 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 7374 dding extra.cust\n-0000c1f0: 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 om menu entries \n-0000c200: 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 to the end of th\n-0000c210: 6520 6c69 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f e list can be do\n-0000c220: 6e65 2062 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a e280 ne by editing...\n-0000c230: 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f ./etc/grub.d/40_\n-0000c240: 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 7265 custom... or cre\n-0000c250: 6174 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 ating .../boot/g\n-0000c260: 7275 622f 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 rub/custom.cfg..\n-0000c270: 992c 2063 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 6520 ., changing.the \n-0000c280: 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e order of menu en\n-0000c290: 7472 6965 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 696e tries or changin\n-0000c2a0: 6720 7468 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 206d g their titles m\n-0000c2b0: 6179 2072 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b 696e ay require makin\n-0000c2c0: 670a 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e 6765 g.complex change\n-0000c2d0: 7320 746f 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 s to shell scrip\n-0000c2e0: 7473 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 ts stored in ...\n-0000c2f0: 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 992e /etc/grub.d/....\n-0000c300: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 2062 650a 696d This may be.im\n-0000c310: 7072 6f76 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 proved in the fu\n-0000c320: 7475 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 ture. In the me\n-0000c330: 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6f73 6520 7768 antime, those wh\n-0000c340: 6f20 6665 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 2077 o feel that it w\n-0000c350: 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 7369 6572 2074 ould.be easier t\n-0000c360: 6f20 7772 6974 6520 e280 9867 7275 622e o write ...grub.\n-0000c370: 6366 67e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 cfg... directly \n-0000c380: 6172 6520 656e 636f 7572 6167 6564 2074 are encouraged t\n-0000c390: 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a42 o do so (*note.B\n-0000c3a0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e ooting::, and *n\n-0000c3b0: 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ote Shell-like s\n-0000c3c0: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 cripting::), and\n-0000c3d0: 2074 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 616e 7920 to disable any \n-0000c3e0: 7379 7374 656d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 6420 system.provided \n-0000c3f0: 6279 2074 6865 6972 2064 6973 7472 6962 by their distrib\n-0000c400: 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 ution to automat\n-0000c410: 6963 616c 6c79 2072 756e 20e2 8098 6772 ically run ...gr\n-0000c420: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e0a ub-mkconfig.....\n-0000c430: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 . The file ...\n-0000c440: 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 /etc/default/gru\n-0000c450: 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 b... controls th\n-0000c460: 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 e operation of..\n-0000c470: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-0000c480: 8099 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 6f75 7263 ... It is sourc\n-0000c490: 6564 2062 7920 6120 7368 656c 6c20 7363 ed by a shell sc\n-0000c4a0: 7269 7074 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206d 7573 ript, and so mus\n-0000c4b0: 7420 6265 2076 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 t be valid.POSIX\n-0000c4c0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f shell input; no\n-0000c4d0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 rmally, it will \n-0000c4e0: 6a75 7374 2062 6520 6120 7365 7175 656e just be a sequen\n-0000c4f0: 6365 206f 6620 e280 984b 4559 3d76 616c ce of ...KEY=val\n-0000c500: 7565 e280 990a 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 7574 ue....lines, but\n-0000c510: 2069 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 636f if the value co\n-0000c520: 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 7061 6365 7320 6f72 ntains spaces or\n-0000c530: 206f 7468 6572 2073 7065 6369 616c 2063 other special c\n-0000c540: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 7468 656e 0a69 haracters then.i\n-0000c550: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7175 6f74 6564 t must be quoted\n-0000c560: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a . For example:.\n-0000c570: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 . GRUB_TERMI\n-0000c580: 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e 736f NAL_INPUT=\"conso\n-0000c590: 6c65 2073 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 le serial\".. V\n-0000c5a0: 616c 6964 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 8098 alid keys in ...\n-0000c5b0: 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 /etc/default/gru\n-0000c5c0: 62e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c b... are as foll\n-0000c5d0: 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 ows:.....GRUB_DE\n-0000c5e0: 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 FAULT.... Th\n-0000c5f0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 e default menu e\n-0000c600: 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 ntry. This may \n-0000c610: 6265 2061 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 6e20 be a number, in \n-0000c620: 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a 2020 which case it. \n-0000c630: 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 7468 identifies th\n-0000c640: 6520 4e74 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 e Nth entry in t\n-0000c650: 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d 656e he generated men\n-0000c660: 7520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 207a u counted from z\n-0000c670: 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 6865 ero,. or the\n-0000c680: 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 title of a menu\n-0000c690: 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2073 entry, or the s\n-0000c6a0: 7065 6369 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 e280 pecial string ..\n-0000c6b0: 9873 6176 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 696e .saved.... Usin\n-0000c6c0: 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 6d61 g. the id ma\n-0000c6d0: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2079 y be useful if y\n-0000c6e0: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 ou want to set a\n-0000c6f0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 2074 menu entry as t\n-0000c700: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 he default. \n-0000c710: 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6572 even though ther\n-0000c720: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 6961 e may be a varia\n-0000c730: 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e ble number of en\n-0000c740: 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 742e tries before it.\n-0000c750: 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 .. For examp\n-0000c760: 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a le, if you have:\n-0000c770: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-0000c780: 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 'Example GNU/Li\n-0000c790: 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e nux distribution\n-0000c7a0: 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 ' --class gnu-li\n-0000c7b0: 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 nux --id example\n-0000c7c0: 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 2020 -gnu-linux {. \n-0000c7d0: 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 ..... }.. \n-0000c7e0: 2020 2020 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e then you can\n-0000c7f0: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 make this the d\n-0000c800: 6566 6175 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 efault using:.. \n-0000c810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4445 GRUB_DE\n-0000c820: 4641 554c 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e FAULT=example-gn\n-0000c830: 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 u-linux.. Pr\n-0000c840: 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2069 7420 7761 7320 eviously it was \n-0000c850: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2074 6865 2077 documented the w\n-0000c860: 6179 2074 6f20 7573 6520 656e 7472 7920 ay to use entry \n-0000c870: 7469 746c 652e 2020 5768 696c 650a 2020 title. While. \n-0000c880: 2020 2074 6869 7320 7374 696c 6c20 776f this still wo\n-0000c890: 726b 7320 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2072 6563 rks it's not rec\n-0000c8a0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2074 ommended since t\n-0000c8b0: 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 636f 6e74 itles often cont\n-0000c8c0: 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7461 626c ain. unstabl\n-0000c8d0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2061 e device names a\n-0000c8e0: 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c nd may be transl\n-0000c8f0: 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f ated.. If yo\n-0000c900: 7520 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 e280 u set this to ..\n-0000c910: 9873 6176 6564 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 .saved..., then \n-0000c920: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 the default menu\n-0000c930: 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 entry will be. \n-0000c940: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 6176 6564 2062 that saved b\n-0000c950: 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 y ...GRUB_SAVEDE\n-0000c960: 4641 554c 54e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9867 FAULT... or ...g\n-0000c970: 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 rub-set-default.\n-0000c980: 8099 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2072 ... This. r\n-0000c990: 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 elies on the env\n-0000c9a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 ironment block, \n-0000c9b0: 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 which may not be\n-0000c9c0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 616c available in al\n-0000c9d0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e l. situation\n-0000c9e0: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e s (*note Environ\n-0000c9f0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a ment block::)...\n-0000ca00: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n-0000ca10: 2069 7320 e280 9830 e280 992e 0a0a e280 is ...0........\n-0000ca20: 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c .GRUB_SAVEDEFAUL\n-0000ca30: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 T.... If thi\n-0000ca40: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n-0000ca50: 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 to ...true..., t\n-0000ca60: 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 616e 2065 6e74 hen, when an ent\n-0000ca70: 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c0a ry is selected,.\n-0000ca80: 2020 2020 2073 6176 6520 6974 2061 7320 save it as \n-0000ca90: 6120 6e65 7720 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e a new default en\n-0000caa0: 7472 7920 666f 7220 7573 6520 6279 2066 try for use by f\n-0000cab0: 7574 7572 6520 7275 6e73 206f 6620 4752 uture runs of GR\n-0000cac0: 5542 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6973 UB. This. is\n-0000cad0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 only useful if \n-0000cae0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d ...GRUB_DEFAULT=\n-0000caf0: 7361 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 2069 7320 saved...; it is \n-0000cb00: 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 206f 7074 696f a separate optio\n-0000cb10: 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6563 6175 7365 20e2 n. because .\n-0000cb20: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 ..GRUB_DEFAULT=s\n-0000cb30: 6176 6564 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6675 aved... is usefu\n-0000cb40: 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6973 206f l without this o\n-0000cb50: 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 ption, in. c\n-0000cb60: 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 onjunction with \n-0000cb70: e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 ...grub-set-defa\n-0000cb80: 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 2062 ult.... Unset b\n-0000cb90: 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 y default. This\n-0000cba0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 656c . option rel\n-0000cbb0: 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 ies on the envir\n-0000cbc0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 onment block, wh\n-0000cbd0: 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 ich may not be a\n-0000cbe0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 696e vailable. in\n-0000cbf0: 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 all situations \n-0000cc00: 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 (*note Environme\n-0000cc10: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 nt block::).....\n-0000cc20: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 .GRUB_TIMEOUT...\n-0000cc30: 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 . Boot the d\n-0000cc40: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6869 efault entry thi\n-0000cc50: 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 s many seconds a\n-0000cc60: 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 fter the menu is\n-0000cc70: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642c . displayed,\n-0000cc80: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 6973 unless a key is\n-0000cc90: 2070 7265 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2064 pressed. The d\n-0000cca0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9835 e280 efault is ...5..\n-0000ccb0: 992e 2020 5365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 .. Set to. \n-0000ccc0: e280 9830 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ...0... to boot \n-0000ccd0: 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 7468 immediately with\n-0000cce0: 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 out displaying t\n-0000ccf0: 6865 206d 656e 752c 206f 7220 746f 20e2 he menu, or to .\n-0000cd00: 8098 2d31 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ..-1... to. \n-0000cd10: 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c wait indefinitel\n-0000cd20: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 9847 y... If ...G\n-0000cd30: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n-0000cd40: 45e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 E... is set to .\n-0000cd50: 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f ..countdown... o\n-0000cd60: 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 r ...hidden..., \n-0000cd70: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 696d 656f 7574 the. timeout\n-0000cd80: 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e is instead coun\n-0000cd90: 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d ted before the m\n-0000cda0: 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 enu is displayed\n-0000cdb0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ......GRUB_TIMEO\n-0000cdc0: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 UT_STYLE.... \n-0000cdd0: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n-0000cde0: 6973 2075 6e73 6574 206f 7220 7365 7420 is unset or set \n-0000cdf0: 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 2074 to ...menu..., t\n-0000ce00: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6469 hen GRUB will di\n-0000ce10: 7370 6c61 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d splay. the m\n-0000ce20: 656e 7520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2077 6169 enu and then wai\n-0000ce30: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 t for the timeou\n-0000ce40: 7420 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 t set by ...GRUB\n-0000ce50: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 746f 0a20 _TIMEOUT... to. \n-0000ce60: 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 2062 6566 6f72 expire befor\n-0000ce70: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 e booting the de\n-0000ce80: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 5072 fault entry. Pr\n-0000ce90: 6573 7369 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 6e74 essing a key int\n-0000cea0: 6572 7275 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 errupts. the\n-0000ceb0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 timeout... \n-0000cec0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n-0000ced0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e s set to ...coun\n-0000cee0: 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 tdown... or ...h\n-0000cef0: 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 idden..., then, \n-0000cf00: 6265 666f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 before. disp\n-0000cf10: 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c laying the menu,\n-0000cf20: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 GRUB will wait \n-0000cf30: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 for the timeout \n-0000cf40: 7365 7420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 set by. ...G\n-0000cf50: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 RUB_TIMEOUT... t\n-0000cf60: 6f20 6578 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 o expire. If or are \n-0000cf80: 7072 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 pressed, or . is held\n-0000cfa0: 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 down during tha\n-0000cfb0: 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 t time, it will \n-0000cfc0: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 display the menu\n-0000cfd0: 2061 6e64 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 and wait. f\n-0000cfe0: 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 6620 6120 or input. If a \n-0000cff0: 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 hotkey associate\n-0000d000: 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e d with a menu en\n-0000d010: 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 try is pressed, \n-0000d020: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f it. will boo\n-0000d030: 7420 7468 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 t the associated\n-0000d040: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 menu entry imme\n-0000d050: 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 diately. If the\n-0000d060: 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6578 timeout. ex\n-0000d070: 7069 7265 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 pires before eit\n-0000d080: 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 her of these hap\n-0000d090: 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 626f pens, it will bo\n-0000d0a0: 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 ot the default. \n-0000d0b0: 2020 2020 656e 7472 792e 2020 496e 2074 entry. In t\n-0000d0c0: 6865 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 he ...countdown.\n-0000d0d0: 8099 2063 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c .. case, it will\n-0000d0e0: 2073 686f 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 show a one-line\n-0000d0f0: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 indication. \n-0000d100: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e of the remainin\n-0000d110: 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 g time......GRUB\n-0000d120: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 _DEFAULT_BUTTON.\n-0000d130: 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ......GRUB_TIMEO\n-0000d140: 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 UT_BUTTON.......\n-0000d150: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n-0000d160: 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 LE_BUTTON.......\n-0000d170: 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 GRUB_BUTTON_CMOS\n-0000d180: 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 2020 _ADDRESS.... \n-0000d190: 2056 6172 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 Variants of the\n-0000d1a0: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 corresponding v\n-0000d1b0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 ariables without\n-0000d1c0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 the ..._BUTTON.\n-0000d1d0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6978 2c20 ... suffix, \n-0000d1e0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 used to support \n-0000d1f0: 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 vendor-specific \n-0000d200: 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 power buttons. \n-0000d210: 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2056 656e 646f *Note. Vendo\n-0000d220: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a r power-on keys:\n-0000d230: 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5354 :......GRUB_DIST\n-0000d240: 5249 4255 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 RIBUTOR.... \n-0000d250: 5365 7420 6279 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 Set by distribut\n-0000d260: 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 ors of GRUB to t\n-0000d270: 6865 6972 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 heir identifying\n-0000d280: 206e 616d 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a name. This is.\n-0000d290: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 656e used to gen\n-0000d2a0: 6572 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 erate more infor\n-0000d2b0: 6d61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 mative menu entr\n-0000d2c0: 7920 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 y titles......GR\n-0000d2d0: 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 UB_TERMINAL_INPU\n-0000d2e0: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 T.... Select\n-0000d2f0: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e the terminal in\n-0000d300: 7075 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 put device. You\n-0000d310: 206d 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 may select mult\n-0000d320: 6970 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 iple devices. \n-0000d330: 2020 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 here, separate\n-0000d340: 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 d by spaces... \n-0000d350: 2020 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 Valid termina\n-0000d360: 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 l input names de\n-0000d370: 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 pend on the plat\n-0000d380: 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e form, but may in\n-0000d390: 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f clude. ...co\n-0000d3a0: 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 nsole... (native\n-0000d3b0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c platform consol\n-0000d3c0: 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 e), ...serial...\n-0000d3d0: 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 (serial termina\n-0000d3e0: 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 l),. ...seri\n-0000d3f0: 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 al_... (se\n-0000d400: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 rial terminal wi\n-0000d410: 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 th explicit port\n-0000d420: 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 selection),. \n-0000d430: 2020 e280 9861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 ...at_keyboard\n-0000d440: e280 9920 2850 4320 4154 206b 6579 626f ... (PC AT keybo\n-0000d450: 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 625f ard), or ...usb_\n-0000d460: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2855 5342 keyboard... (USB\n-0000d470: 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a 2020 2020 2075 keyboard. u\n-0000d480: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2048 4944 2042 6f6f sing the HID Boo\n-0000d490: 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 t Protocol, for \n-0000d4a0: 6361 7365 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 cases where the \n-0000d4b0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f firmware does no\n-0000d4c0: 740a 2020 2020 2068 616e 646c 6520 7468 t. handle th\n-0000d4d0: 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 is)... The d\n-0000d4e0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 efault is to use\n-0000d4f0: 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 the platform's \n-0000d500: 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 native terminal \n-0000d510: 696e 7075 742e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f input......GRUB_\n-0000d520: 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 TERMINAL_OUTPUT.\n-0000d530: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 ... Select t\n-0000d540: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 he terminal outp\n-0000d550: 7574 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 596f 7520 ut device. You \n-0000d560: 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 6374 206d 756c 7469 may select multi\n-0000d570: 706c 6520 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 ple devices. \n-0000d580: 2068 6572 652c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 here, separated\n-0000d590: 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 by spaces... \n-0000d5a0: 2020 5661 6c69 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c Valid terminal\n-0000d5b0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 output names de\n-0000d5c0: 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 pend on the plat\n-0000d5d0: 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e form, but may in\n-0000d5e0: 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f clude. ...co\n-0000d5f0: 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 nsole... (native\n-0000d600: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c platform consol\n-0000d610: 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 e), ...serial...\n-0000d620: 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 (serial termina\n-0000d630: 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 l),. ...seri\n-0000d640: 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 al_... (se\n-0000d650: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 rial terminal wi\n-0000d660: 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 th explicit port\n-0000d670: 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 selection),. \n-0000d680: 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 ...gfxterm... \n-0000d690: 2867 7261 7068 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 206f (graphics-mode o\n-0000d6a0: 7574 7075 7429 2c20 e280 9876 6761 5f74 utput), ...vga_t\n-0000d6b0: 6578 74e2 8099 2028 5647 4120 7465 7874 ext... (VGA text\n-0000d6c0: 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 output),. .\n-0000d6d0: 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 284d ..mda_text... (M\n-0000d6e0: 4441 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 292c DA text output),\n-0000d6f0: 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f ...morse... (Mo\n-0000d700: 7273 652d 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7369 6e67 rse-coding using\n-0000d710: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2062 6565 system. bee\n-0000d720: 7065 7229 206f 7220 e280 9873 706b 6d6f per) or ...spkmo\n-0000d730: 6465 6de2 8099 2028 7369 6d70 6c65 2064 dem... (simple d\n-0000d740: 6174 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2075 7369 ata protocol usi\n-0000d750: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7370 6561 6b65 ng system speake\n-0000d760: 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 706b r)... ...spk\n-0000d770: 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 modem... is usef\n-0000d780: 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 ul when no seria\n-0000d790: 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 l port is availa\n-0000d7a0: 626c 652e 2020 436f 6e6e 6563 7420 7468 ble. Connect th\n-0000d7b0: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 e. output of\n-0000d7c0: 2073 656e 6469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 sending system \n-0000d7d0: 2877 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 6973 2072 (where GRUB is r\n-0000d7e0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 746f 206c 696e 652d unning) to line-\n-0000d7f0: 696e 206f 660a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6569 in of. recei\n-0000d800: 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2875 7375 ving system (usu\n-0000d810: 616c 6c79 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 206d ally developer m\n-0000d820: 6163 6869 6e65 292e 2020 4f6e 2072 6563 achine). On rec\n-0000d830: 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 eiving system. \n-0000d840: 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 compile ...sp\n-0000d850: 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 2066 kmodem-recv... f\n-0000d860: 726f 6d20 e280 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d rom ...util/spkm\n-0000d870: 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 762e 63e2 8099 2061 odem-recv.c... a\n-0000d880: 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 nd run:.. \n-0000d890: 2020 2070 6172 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 parecord --ch\n-0000d8a0: 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 653d annels=1 --rate=\n-0000d8b0: 3438 3030 3020 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 3d73 48000 --format=s\n-0000d8c0: 3136 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 16le | ./spkmode\n-0000d8d0: 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 m-recv.. The\n-0000d8e0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 default is to u\n-0000d8f0: 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 se the platform'\n-0000d900: 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s native termina\n-0000d910: 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 l output......GR\n-0000d920: 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4ce2 8099 0a20 UB_TERMINAL.... \n-0000d930: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 If this opti\n-0000d940: 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 on is set, it ov\n-0000d950: 6572 7269 6465 7320 626f 7468 20e2 8098 errides both ...\n-0000d960: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e GRUB_TERMINAL_IN\n-0000d970: 5055 54e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 PUT... and. \n-0000d980: e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c ...GRUB_TERMINAL\n-0000d990: 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 _OUTPUT... to th\n-0000d9a0: 6520 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0ae2 e same value....\n-0000d9b0: 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4552 4941 4c5f 434f ..GRUB_SERIAL_CO\n-0000d9c0: 4d4d 414e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4120 MMAND.... A \n-0000d9d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 command to confi\n-0000d9e0: 6775 7265 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 gure the serial \n-0000d9f0: 706f 7274 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 port when using \n-0000da00: 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 2020 the serial. \n-0000da10: 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 console. *Note \n-0000da20: 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2e20 2044 6566 6175 serial::. Defau\n-0000da30: 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c lts to ...serial\n-0000da40: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d .........GRUB_CM\n-0000da50: 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 0a20 DLINE_LINUX.... \n-0000da60: 2020 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Command-line\n-0000da70: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f20 6164 arguments to ad\n-0000da80: 6420 746f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 d to menu entrie\n-0000da90: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 s for the Linux \n-0000daa0: 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 kernel......GRUB\n-0000dab0: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 _CMDLINE_LINUX_D\n-0000dac0: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 EFAULT.... U\n-0000dad0: 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 nless ...GRUB_DI\n-0000dae0: 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 e280 SABLE_RECOVERY..\n-0000daf0: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 . is set to ...t\n-0000db00: 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7477 6f20 6d65 6e75 rue..., two menu\n-0000db10: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7769 entries. wi\n-0000db20: 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 ll be generated \n-0000db30: 666f 7220 6561 6368 204c 696e 7578 206b for each Linux k\n-0000db40: 6572 6e65 6c3a 206f 6e65 2064 6566 6175 ernel: one defau\n-0000db50: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 lt entry and one\n-0000db60: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 . entry for \n-0000db70: 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 652e 2020 recovery mode. \n-0000db80: 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6c69 7374 This option list\n-0000db90: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 s command-line a\n-0000dba0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f rguments. to\n-0000dbb0: 2061 6464 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2074 6865 add only to the\n-0000dbc0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n-0000dbd0: 7472 792c 2061 6674 6572 2074 686f 7365 try, after those\n-0000dbe0: 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 listed in. \n-0000dbf0: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n-0000dc00: 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 LINUX.........GR\n-0000dc10: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n-0000dc20: 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 0a20 2020 _RECOVERY.... \n-0000dc30: 2020 556e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 4752 5542 Unless ...GRUB\n-0000dc40: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 _DISABLE_RECOVER\n-0000dc50: 59e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 Y... is set to .\n-0000dc60: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 776f 206d ..true..., two m\n-0000dc70: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 2020 enu entries. \n-0000dc80: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 will be generat\n-0000dc90: 6564 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4c69 6e75 ed for each Linu\n-0000dca0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 3a20 6f6e 6520 6465 x kernel: one de\n-0000dcb0: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 fault entry and \n-0000dcc0: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2066 one. entry f\n-0000dcd0: 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f 6465 or recovery mode\n-0000dce0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206c . This option l\n-0000dcf0: 6973 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ists command-lin\n-0000dd00: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 e arguments. \n-0000dd10: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 to add only to \n-0000dd20: 7468 6520 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 656e the recovery men\n-0000dd30: 7520 656e 7472 792c 2062 6566 6f72 6520 u entry, before \n-0000dd40: 7468 6f73 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e0a those listed in.\n-0000dd50: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 ...GRUB_CMD\n-0000dd60: 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 992e 2020 LINE_LINUX.... \n-0000dd70: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 The default is .\n-0000dd80: 8098 7369 6e67 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a e280 ..single........\n-0000dd90: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 .GRUB_CMDLINE_NE\n-0000dda0: 5442 5344 e280 990a e280 9847 5255 425f TBSD.......GRUB_\n-0000ddb0: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 5f44 CMDLINE_NETBSD_D\n-0000ddc0: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 EFAULT.... A\n-0000ddd0: 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e s ...GRUB_CMDLIN\n-0000dde0: 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 E_LINUX... and .\n-0000ddf0: 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c ..GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n-0000de00: 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 992c INUX_DEFAULT...,\n-0000de10: 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 but for. Ne\n-0000de20: 7442 5344 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 tBSD......GRUB_C\n-0000de30: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 4d41 4348 e280 MDLINE_GNUMACH..\n-0000de40: 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 .. As ...GRU\n-0000de50: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 B_CMDLINE_LINUX.\n-0000de60: 8099 2c20 6275 7420 666f 7220 474e 5520 .., but for GNU \n-0000de70: 4d61 6368 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 Mach......GRUB_C\n-0000de80: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f58 454e e280 990a e280 MDLINE_XEN......\n-0000de90: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 5845 .GRUB_CMDLINE_XE\n-0000dea0: 4e5f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 N_DEFAULT.... \n-0000deb0: 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6573 206f 6620 The values of \n-0000dec0: 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 these options ar\n-0000ded0: 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 5865 6e20 e passed to Xen \n-0000dee0: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2058 656e 206d hypervisor Xen m\n-0000def0: 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 enu. entries\n-0000df00: 2c20 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7265 7370 6563 , for all respec\n-0000df10: 7469 7665 6c79 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 656e tively normal en\n-0000df20: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f tries......GRUB_\n-0000df30: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5845 CMDLINE_LINUX_XE\n-0000df40: 4e5f 5245 504c 4143 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 N_REPLACE.......\n-0000df50: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n-0000df60: 5558 5f58 454e 5f52 4550 4c41 4345 5f44 UX_XEN_REPLACE_D\n-0000df70: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 EFAULT.... T\n-0000df80: 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 6865 he values of the\n-0000df90: 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2072 6570 6c61 se options repla\n-0000dfa0: 6365 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 ce the values of\n-0000dfb0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d . ...GRUB_CM\n-0000dfc0: 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 DLINE_LINUX... a\n-0000dfd0: 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 nd ...GRUB_CMDLI\n-0000dfe0: 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 NE_LINUX_DEFAULT\n-0000dff0: e280 9920 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 616e ... for Linux an\n-0000e000: 640a 2020 2020 2058 656e 206d 656e 7520 d. Xen menu \n-0000e010: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 entries......GRU\n-0000e020: 425f 544f 505f 4c45 5645 4ce2 8099 0ae2 B_TOP_LEVEL.....\n-0000e030: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c ..GRUB_TOP_LEVEL\n-0000e040: 5f58 454e e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 _XEN.... Thi\n-0000e050: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 s option should \n-0000e060: 6265 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2070 be an absolute p\n-0000e070: 6174 6820 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ath to a kernel \n-0000e080: 696d 6167 652e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 image. If. \n-0000e090: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 7468 6520 696d provided, the im\n-0000e0a0: 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 age specified wi\n-0000e0b0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 2074 6865 2074 ll be made the t\n-0000e0c0: 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2065 6e74 7279 2069 op-level entry i\n-0000e0d0: 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2066 6f75 f. it is fou\n-0000e0e0: 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7363 616e 2e0a nd in the scan..\n-0000e0f0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 ....GRUB_TOP_LEV\n-0000e100: 454c 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 e280 990a EL_OS_PROBER....\n-0000e110: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n-0000e120: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c 696e should be a lin\n-0000e130: 6520 6f66 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d e of output from\n-0000e140: 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 ...os-prober...\n-0000e150: 2e20 2041 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 . As. ...GR\n-0000e160: 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c e280 992c UB_TOP_LEVEL...,\n-0000e170: 2069 6620 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 7468 if provided, th\n-0000e180: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 e image specifie\n-0000e190: 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 2074 d will be made t\n-0000e1a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 746f 702d 6c65 7665 he. top-leve\n-0000e1b0: 6c20 656e 7472 7920 6966 2069 7420 6973 l entry if it is\n-0000e1c0: 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7363 found in the sc\n-0000e1d0: 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 an......GRUB_EAR\n-0000e1e0: 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f LY_INITRD_LINUX_\n-0000e1f0: 4355 5354 4f4d e280 990a e280 9847 5255 CUSTOM.......GRU\n-0000e200: 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e 4954 5244 5f4c B_EARLY_INITRD_L\n-0000e210: 494e 5558 5f53 544f 434b e280 990a 2020 INUX_STOCK.... \n-0000e220: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7061 6365 List of space\n-0000e230: 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2065 6172 6c79 -separated early\n-0000e240: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 6573 2074 initrd images t\n-0000e250: 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d o be loaded from\n-0000e260: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 . .../boot..\n-0000e270: 992e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 666f 7220 .. This is for \n-0000e280: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 696e 6773 206c loading things l\n-0000e290: 696b 6520 4350 5520 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 ike CPU microcod\n-0000e2a0: 652c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 0a20 2020 e, firmware,. \n-0000e2b0: 2020 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 732c 2063 ACPI tables, c\n-0000e2c0: 7279 7074 6f20 6b65 7973 2c20 616e 6420 rypto keys, and \n-0000e2d0: 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6561 so on. These ea\n-0000e2e0: 726c 7920 696d 6167 6573 2077 696c 6c20 rly images will \n-0000e2f0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 be. loaded i\n-0000e300: 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6465 636c n the order decl\n-0000e310: 6172 6564 2c20 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7769 ared, and all wi\n-0000e320: 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 ll be loaded bef\n-0000e330: 6f72 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 6374 ore the. act\n-0000e340: 7561 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 ual functional i\n-0000e350: 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 nitrd image... \n-0000e360: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 ...GRUB_EARLY\n-0000e370: 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 5354 _INITRD_LINUX_ST\n-0000e380: 4f43 4be2 8099 2069 7320 666f 7220 796f OCK... is for yo\n-0000e390: 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 ur distribution \n-0000e3a0: 746f 2064 6563 6c61 7265 0a20 2020 2020 to declare. \n-0000e3b0: 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 images that are \n-0000e3c0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 provided by the \n-0000e3d0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 distribution. I\n-0000e3e0: 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2062 650a t should not be.\n-0000e3f0: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 7769 modified wi\n-0000e400: 7468 6f75 7420 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 thout understand\n-0000e410: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6571 7565 ing the conseque\n-0000e420: 6e63 6573 2e20 2054 6865 7920 7769 6c6c nces. They will\n-0000e430: 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 6420 be. loaded \n-0000e440: 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 first... ...\n-0000e450: 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 GRUB_EARLY_INITR\n-0000e460: 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d e280 D_LINUX_CUSTOM..\n-0000e470: 9920 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 6375 . is for your cu\n-0000e480: 7374 6f6d 2063 7265 6174 6564 2069 6d61 stom created ima\n-0000e490: 6765 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 ges... The d\n-0000e4a0: 6566 6175 6c74 2073 746f 636b 2069 6d61 efault stock ima\n-0000e4b0: 6765 7320 6172 6520 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f ges are as follo\n-0000e4c0: 7773 2c20 7468 6f75 6768 2074 6865 7920 ws, though they \n-0000e4d0: 6d61 7920 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 may be. over\n-0000e4e0: 7269 6464 656e 2062 7920 796f 7572 2064 ridden by your d\n-0000e4f0: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e3a 0a20 2020 istribution:. \n-0000e500: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e74 656c 2d75 632e intel-uc.\n-0000e510: 696d 6720 696e 7465 6c2d 7563 6f64 652e img intel-ucode.\n-0000e520: 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 2e69 6d67 2061 img amd-uc.img a\n-0000e530: 6d64 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 6d67 2065 6172 md-ucode.img ear\n-0000e540: 6c79 5f75 636f 6465 2e63 7069 6f20 6d69 ly_ucode.cpio mi\n-0000e550: 6372 6f63 6f64 652e 6370 696f 0a0a e280 crocode.cpio....\n-0000e560: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 .GRUB_DISABLE_LI\n-0000e570: 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 990a 2020 2020 NUX_UUID.... \n-0000e580: 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 8098 6772 Normally, ...gr\n-0000e590: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2077 ub-mkconfig... w\n-0000e5a0: 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e ill generate men\n-0000e5b0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 6174 2075 u entries that u\n-0000e5c0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 se. universa\n-0000e5d0: 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 6e74 lly-unique ident\n-0000e5e0: 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 7329 2074 ifiers (UUIDs) t\n-0000e5f0: 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 o identify the r\n-0000e600: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 oot. filesys\n-0000e610: 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 tem to the Linux\n-0000e620: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2075 7369 6e67 2061 kernel, using a\n-0000e630: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d55 5549 443d 2e2e ...root=UUID=..\n-0000e640: 2ee2 8099 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 .... kernel. \n-0000e650: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 2054 6869 parameter. Thi\n-0000e660: 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 s is usually mor\n-0000e670: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 e reliable, but \n-0000e680: 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 6974 in some cases it\n-0000e690: 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6265 may. not be\n-0000e6a0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2e20 2054 appropriate. T\n-0000e6b0: 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 7573 o disable the us\n-0000e6c0: 6520 6f66 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 7420 e of UUIDs, set \n-0000e6d0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 this option. \n-0000e6e0: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2e0a to ...true.....\n-0000e6f0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ....GRUB_DISABLE\n-0000e700: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 _LINUX_PARTUUID.\n-0000e710: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6772 ... If ...gr\n-0000e720: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 ub-mkconfig... c\n-0000e730: 616e 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 annot identify t\n-0000e740: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 he root filesyst\n-0000e750: 656d 2076 6961 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 em via its. \n-0000e760: 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 universally-uniq\n-0000e770: 7565 2069 6e64 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 ue indentifier (\n-0000e780: 5555 4944 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d UUID), ...grub-m\n-0000e790: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e 2075 kconfig... can u\n-0000e7a0: 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 se the. UUID\n-0000e7b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f of the partitio\n-0000e7c0: 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 n containing the\n-0000e7d0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2069 filesystem to i\n-0000e7e0: 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 dentify the. \n-0000e7f0: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d root filesystem\n-0000e800: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 to the Linux ke\n-0000e810: 726e 656c 2076 6961 2061 20e2 8098 726f rnel via a ...ro\n-0000e820: 6f74 3d50 4152 5455 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 ot=PARTUUID=....\n-0000e830: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2070 ... kernel p\n-0000e840: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 arameter. This \n-0000e850: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 7320 7265 6c69 6162 is not as reliab\n-0000e860: 6c65 2061 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 le as using the \n-0000e870: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 filesystem. \n-0000e880: 5555 4944 2c20 6275 7420 6973 206d 6f72 UUID, but is mor\n-0000e890: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2074 6861 6e20 e reliable than \n-0000e8a0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 using the Linux \n-0000e8b0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2057 device names. W\n-0000e8c0: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 hen. ...GRUB\n-0000e8d0: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 _DISABLE_LINUX_P\n-0000e8e0: 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 ARTUUID... is se\n-0000e8f0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 t to ...false...\n-0000e900: 2c20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e , the Linux kern\n-0000e910: 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e20 el. version \n-0000e920: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 322e 362e 3337 2028 must be 2.6.37 (\n-0000e930: 332e 3130 2066 6f72 2073 7973 7465 6d73 3.10 for systems\n-0000e940: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 204d 5344 4f53 using the MSDOS\n-0000e950: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 partition. \n-0000e960: 7363 6865 6d65 2920 6f72 206e 6577 6572 scheme) or newer\n-0000e970: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2064 . This option d\n-0000e980: 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7472 efaults to ...tr\n-0000e990: 7565 e280 992e 2020 546f 2065 6e61 626c ue.... To enabl\n-0000e9a0: 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2075 7365 206f e the. use o\n-0000e9b0: 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5555 4944 f partition UUID\n-0000e9c0: 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 s, set this opti\n-0000e9d0: 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 e280 on to ...false..\n-0000e9e0: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 .......GRUB_DISA\n-0000e9f0: 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 e280 990a BLE_RECOVERY....\n-0000ea00: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 If this opt\n-0000ea10: 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ion is set to ..\n-0000ea20: 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 6469 7361 626c .true..., disabl\n-0000ea30: 6520 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e e the generation\n-0000ea40: 206f 6620 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 2020 of recovery. \n-0000ea50: 2020 6d6f 6465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 mode menu entr\n-0000ea60: 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 ies......GRUB_DI\n-0000ea70: 5341 424c 455f 5555 4944 e280 990a 2020 SABLE_UUID.... \n-0000ea80: 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 8098 Normally, ...\n-0000ea90: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n-0000eaa0: 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d will generate m\n-0000eab0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 6174 enu entries that\n-0000eac0: 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 use. univer\n-0000ead0: 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 sally-unique ide\n-0000eae0: 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 7329 ntifiers (UUIDs)\n-0000eaf0: 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2076 6172 to identify var\n-0000eb00: 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 ious. filesy\n-0000eb10: 7374 656d 7320 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 stems to search \n-0000eb20: 666f 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 5468 6973 for files. This\n-0000eb30: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 is usually more\n-0000eb40: 2072 656c 6961 626c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 reliable,. \n-0000eb50: 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 but in some case\n-0000eb60: 7320 6974 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 s it may not be \n-0000eb70: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 652e 2020 546f appropriate. To\n-0000eb80: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6869 7320 7573 disable this us\n-0000eb90: 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 5555 4944 732c e. of UUIDs,\n-0000eba0: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e set this option\n-0000ebb0: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2e20 to ...true.... \n-0000ebc0: 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 Setting this op\n-0000ebd0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 tion to. ...\n-0000ebe0: 7472 7565 e280 992c 2077 696c 6c20 616c true..., will al\n-0000ebf0: 736f 2073 6574 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f so set the optio\n-0000ec00: 6e73 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 ns ...GRUB_DISAB\n-0000ec10: 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 LE_LINUX_UUID...\n-0000ec20: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 and. ...GRU\n-0000ec30: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n-0000ec40: 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 746f 20e2 PARTUUID... to .\n-0000ec50: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2075 6e6c 6573 ..true..., unles\n-0000ec60: 7320 7468 6579 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e s they have been\n-0000ec70: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6963 696c 7479 . explicilty\n-0000ec80: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 set to ...false\n-0000ec90: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5649 .........GRUB_VI\n-0000eca0: 4445 4f5f 4241 434b 454e 44e2 8099 0a20 DEO_BACKEND.... \n-0000ecb0: 2020 2020 4966 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c If graphical\n-0000ecc0: 2076 6964 656f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 video support i\n-0000ecd0: 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6569 7468 s required, eith\n-0000ece0: 6572 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 er because the. \n-0000ecf0: 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 ...gfxterm..\n-0000ed00: 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d . graphical term\n-0000ed10: 696e 616c 2069 7320 696e 2075 7365 206f inal is in use o\n-0000ed20: 7220 6265 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 20e2 r because. .\n-0000ed30: 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 ..GRUB_GFXPAYLOA\n-0000ed40: 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 D_LINUX... is se\n-0000ed50: 742c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 622d t, then ...grub-\n-0000ed60: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c mkconfig... will\n-0000ed70: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 206c normally. l\n-0000ed80: 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 626c oad all availabl\n-0000ed90: 6520 4752 5542 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 e GRUB video dri\n-0000eda0: 7665 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7365 2074 6865 vers and use the\n-0000edb0: 206f 6e65 206d 6f73 740a 2020 2020 2061 one most. a\n-0000edc0: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2066 6f72 2079 ppropriate for y\n-0000edd0: 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2e20 2049 our hardware. I\n-0000ede0: 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6f76 f you need to ov\n-0000edf0: 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 7320 666f 720a erride this for.\n-0000ee00: 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 6f6e some reason\n-0000ee10: 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 , then you can s\n-0000ee20: 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a et this option..\n-0000ee30: 0a20 2020 2020 4166 7465 7220 e280 9867 . After ...g\n-0000ee40: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 rub-install... h\n-0000ee50: 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2c 2074 6865 as been run, the\n-0000ee60: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f available video\n-0000ee70: 2064 7269 7665 7273 2061 7265 0a20 2020 drivers are. \n-0000ee80: 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e280 982f listed in .../\n-0000ee90: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 7669 6465 6f2e boot/grub/video.\n-0000eea0: 6c73 74e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 lst.........GRUB\n-0000eeb0: 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 990a 2020 2020 _GFXMODE.... \n-0000eec0: 2053 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 Set the resolut\n-0000eed0: 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ion used on the \n-0000eee0: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 ...gfxterm... gr\n-0000eef0: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c aphical terminal\n-0000ef00: 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 . Note. tha\n-0000ef10: 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2075 t you can only u\n-0000ef20: 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 6869 6368 2079 se modes which y\n-0000ef30: 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 6172 our graphics car\n-0000ef40: 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2076 6961 0a20 d supports via. \n-0000ef50: 2020 2020 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 4578 VESA BIOS Ex\n-0000ef60: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 2c20 tensions (VBE), \n-0000ef70: 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206e so for example n\n-0000ef80: 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 6c0a ative LCD panel.\n-0000ef90: 2020 2020 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e73 resolutions\n-0000efa0: 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 may not be avai\n-0000efb0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 lable. The defa\n-0000efc0: 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 ult is ...auto..\n-0000efd0: 992c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7472 ., which. tr\n-0000efe0: 6965 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 6120 ies to select a \n-0000eff0: 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7265 736f 6c75 preferred resolu\n-0000f000: 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 6678 tion. *Note gfx\n-0000f010: 6d6f 6465 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 mode::......GRUB\n-0000f020: 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 44e2 8099 0a20 _BACKGROUND.... \n-0000f030: 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 6261 636b 6772 Set a backgr\n-0000f040: 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2075 ound image for u\n-0000f050: 7365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 9867 se with the ...g\n-0000f060: 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 fxterm... graphi\n-0000f070: 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 cal. termina\n-0000f080: 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 l. The value of\n-0000f090: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 7573 this option mus\n-0000f0a0: 7420 6265 2061 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 t be a file read\n-0000f0b0: 6162 6c65 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 2020 able by GRUB. \n-0000f0c0: 2020 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 at boot time, \n-0000f0d0: 616e 6420 6974 206d 7573 7420 656e 6420 and it must end \n-0000f0e0: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2e70 6e67 e280 992c with ....png...,\n-0000f0f0: 20e2 8098 2e74 6761 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ....tga..., ...\n-0000f100: 2e6a 7067 e280 992c 206f 720a 2020 2020 .jpg..., or. \n-0000f110: 20e2 8098 2e6a 7065 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 ....jpeg.... T\n-0000f120: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2077 696c 6c20 6265 he image will be\n-0000f130: 2073 6361 6c65 6420 6966 206e 6563 6573 scaled if neces\n-0000f140: 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 6520 sary to fit the \n-0000f150: 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6d61 screen.. 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G\n-0000f410: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 6666 NU/Linux to suff\n-0000f420: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 er from various \n-0000f430: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 display problems\n-0000f440: 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 , particularly. \n-0000f450: 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 during the e\n-0000f460: 6172 6c79 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 arly part of the\n-0000f470: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 boot sequence. \n-0000f480: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f If you have pro\n-0000f490: 626c 656d 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 blems,. set \n-0000f4a0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 this option to .\n-0000f4b0: 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 ..text... and GR\n-0000f4c0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e UB will tell Lin\n-0000f4d0: 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a 2020 ux to boot in. \n-0000f4e0: 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d normal text m\n-0000f4f0: 6f64 652e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 ode......GRUB_DI\n-0000f500: 5341 424c 455f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 52e2 SABLE_OS_PROBER.\n-0000f510: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 ... The ...g\n-0000f520: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-0000f530: 6861 7320 6120 6665 6174 7572 6520 746f has a feature to\n-0000f540: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2065 7874 6572 6e61 use the externa\n-0000f550: 6c20 e280 986f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 e280 l ...os-prober..\n-0000f560: 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d 2074 .. program t\n-0000f570: 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 206f 7468 6572 o discover other\n-0000f580: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-0000f590: 6d73 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 ms installed on \n-0000f5a0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 the same. ma\n-0000f5b0: 6368 696e 6520 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 chine and genera\n-0000f5c0: 7465 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 206d te appropriate m\n-0000f5d0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 enu entries for \n-0000f5e0: 7468 656d 2e20 2049 7420 6973 0a20 2020 them. It is. \n-0000f5f0: 2020 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 disabled by de\n-0000f600: 6661 756c 7420 7369 6e63 6520 6175 746f fault since auto\n-0000f610: 6d61 7469 6320 616e 6420 7369 6c65 6e74 matic and silent\n-0000f620: 2065 7865 6375 7469 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 execution of. \n-0000f630: 2020 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 ...os-prober.\n-0000f640: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6372 6561 7469 6e67 .., and creating\n-0000f650: 2062 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 6261 boot entries ba\n-0000f660: 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6461 7461 sed on that data\n-0000f670: 2c20 6973 2061 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 , is a. pote\n-0000f680: 6e74 6961 6c20 6174 7461 636b 2076 6563 ntial attack vec\n-0000f690: 746f 722e 2020 5365 7420 7468 6973 206f tor. Set this o\n-0000f6a0: 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 ption to ...fals\n-0000f6b0: 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 e... to enable t\n-0000f6c0: 6869 730a 2020 2020 2066 6561 7475 7265 his. feature\n-0000f6d0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d in the ...grub-\n-0000f6e0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 636f 6d6d mkconfig... comm\n-0000f6f0: 616e 642e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4f53 and......GRUB_OS\n-0000f700: 5f50 524f 4245 525f 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 _PROBER_SKIP_LIS\n-0000f710: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f T.... List o\n-0000f720: 6620 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 f space-separate\n-0000f730: 6420 4653 2055 5549 4473 206f 6620 6669 d FS UUIDs of fi\n-0000f740: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2062 6520 lesystems to be \n-0000f750: 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 ignored from. \n-0000f760: 2020 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 6f75 7470 os-prober outp\n-0000f770: 7574 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 6669 2063 6861 ut. 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For entri\n-0000f8a0: 6573 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 20e2 es returned by .\n-0000f8b0: 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2066 ..os-prober... f\n-0000f8c0: 6972 7374 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 irst entry will \n-0000f8d0: 6265 2070 7574 206f 6e20 746f 700a 2020 be put on top. \n-0000f8e0: 2020 206c 6576 656c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c level and all\n-0000f8f0: 206f 7468 6572 7320 696e 2073 7562 6d65 others in subme\n-0000f900: 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 nu. If this opt\n-0000f910: 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ion is set to ..\n-0000f920: 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 .true...,. f\n-0000f930: 6c61 7420 6d65 6e75 2077 6974 6820 616c lat menu with al\n-0000f940: 6c20 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6f70 l entries on top\n-0000f950: 206c 6576 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 level will be g\n-0000f960: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 enerated instead\n-0000f970: 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 .. Changing \n-0000f980: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c this option will\n-0000f990: 2072 6571 7569 7265 2063 6861 6e67 696e require changin\n-0000f9a0: 6720 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2076 616c 7565 g existing value\n-0000f9b0: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 s of. ...GRU\n-0000f9c0: 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 e280 B_DEFAULT..., ..\n-0000f9d0: 9866 616c 6c62 6163 6be2 8099 2028 2a6e .fallback... (*n\n-0000f9e0: 6f74 6520 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a 2920 ote fallback::) \n-0000f9f0: 616e 6420 e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 e280 and ...default..\n-0000fa00: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6465 . (*note. de\n-0000fa10: 6661 756c 743a 3a29 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e fault::) environ\n-0000fa20: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 ment variables a\n-0000fa30: 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7361 7665 6420 s well as saved \n-0000fa40: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 790a 2020 default entry. \n-0000fa50: 2020 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 using ...grub\n-0000fa60: 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 -set-default... \n-0000fa70: 616e 6420 7661 6c75 6520 7573 6564 2077 and value used w\n-0000fa80: 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 626f ith ...grub-rebo\n-0000fa90: 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f ot.........GRUB_\n-0000faa0: 454e 4142 4c45 5f43 5259 5054 4f44 4953 ENABLE_CRYPTODIS\n-0000fab0: 4be2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2073 6574 K.... If set\n-0000fac0: 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 992c 20e2 8098 to ...y..., ...\n-0000fad0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n-0000fae0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 and ...grub-ins\n-0000faf0: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2063 6865 tall... will che\n-0000fb00: 636b 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 ck for. encr\n-0000fb10: 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 616e 6420 ypted disks and \n-0000fb20: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 6464 6974 696f generate additio\n-0000fb30: 6e61 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206e 6565 nal commands nee\n-0000fb40: 6465 6420 746f 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 ded to access. \n-0000fb50: 2020 2074 6865 6d20 6475 7269 6e67 2062 them during b\n-0000fb60: 6f6f 742e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 oot. Note that \n-0000fb70: 696e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2075 6e61 in this case una\n-0000fb80: 7474 656e 6465 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 ttended boot is \n-0000fb90: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 626c not. possibl\n-0000fba0: 6520 6265 6361 7573 6520 4752 5542 2077 e because GRUB w\n-0000fbb0: 696c 6c20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2070 6173 ill wait for pas\n-0000fbc0: 7370 6872 6173 6520 746f 2075 6e6c 6f63 sphrase to unloc\n-0000fbd0: 6b20 656e 6372 7970 7465 640a 2020 2020 k encrypted. \n-0000fbe0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 container......\n-0000fbf0: 4752 5542 5f49 4e49 545f 5455 4e45 e280 GRUB_INIT_TUNE..\n-0000fc00: 990a 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 .. Play a tu\n-0000fc10: 6e65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6561 6b65 ne on the speake\n-0000fc20: 7220 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7374 6172 r when GRUB star\n-0000fc30: 7473 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2070 6172 ts. This is par\n-0000fc40: 7469 6375 6c61 726c 790a 2020 2020 2075 ticularly. u\n-0000fc50: 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 7573 6572 7320 seful for users \n-0000fc60: 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7468 unable to see th\n-0000fc70: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 e screen. 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A setting\n-0000fe80: 206f 6620 2d31 2063 6175 7365 7320 4752 of -1 causes GR\n-0000fe90: 5542 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2075 UB to wait for u\n-0000fea0: 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 696e 6465 6669 ser input indefi\n-0000feb0: 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 6f77 nitely.. How\n-0000fec0: 6576 6572 2c20 6120 6661 6c73 6520 706f ever, a false po\n-0000fed0: 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 sitive in the re\n-0000fee0: 636f 7264 6661 696c 206d 6563 6861 6e69 cordfail mechani\n-0000fef0: 736d 206d 6179 206f 6363 7572 2069 660a sm may occur if.\n-0000ff00: 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2069 7320 6c6f power is lo\n-0000ff10: 7374 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2062 st during boot b\n-0000ff20: 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 2073 7563 6365 efore boot succe\n-0000ff30: 7373 2069 7320 7265 636f 7264 6564 2069 ss is recorded i\n-0000ff40: 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 n. userspace\n-0000ff50: 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 . The default s\n-0000ff60: 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 3330 2c20 7768 etting is 30, wh\n-0000ff70: 6963 6820 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 4220 ich causes GRUB \n-0000ff80: 746f 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 to wait. for\n-0000ff90: 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 666f 7220 user input for \n-0000ffa0: 7468 6972 7479 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 thirty seconds b\n-0000ffb0: 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7569 6e67 efore continuing\n-0000ffc0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6465 6661 756c 740a . 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This o\n-000100e0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6566 ption is only ef\n-000100f0: 6665 6374 6976 6520 7768 656e 2047 5255 fective when GRU\n-00010100: 4220 7761 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 B was configured\n-00010110: 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 with the. .\n-00010120: 8098 2d2d 656e 6162 6c65 2d71 7569 636b ..--enable-quick\n-00010130: 2d62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e -boot... option.\n-00010140: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5245 434f 5645 .....GRUB_RECOVE\n-00010150: 5259 5f54 4954 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 RY_TITLE.... \n-00010160: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 6574 This option set\n-00010170: 7320 7468 6520 456e 676c 6973 6820 7465 s the English te\n-00010180: 7874 206f 6620 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 xt of the string\n-00010190: 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 that will be. \n-000101a0: 2020 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2069 6e20 displayed in \n-000101b0: 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 746f 2069 parentheses to i\n-000101c0: 6e64 6963 6174 6520 7468 6174 2061 2062 ndicate that a b\n-000101d0: 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7072 oot option is pr\n-000101e0: 6f76 6964 6564 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2068 ovided. to h\n-000101f0: 656c 7020 7573 6572 7320 7265 636f 7665 elp users recove\n-00010200: 7220 6120 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 r a broken syste\n-00010210: 6d2e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 m. The default \n-00010220: 6973 2022 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 2020 is \"recovery. \n-00010230: 2020 6d6f 6465 222e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 mode\"... The\n-00010240: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n-00010250: 6e73 2061 7265 2073 7469 6c6c 2061 6363 ns are still acc\n-00010260: 6570 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 epted for compat\n-00010270: 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 0a65 7869 ibility with.exi\n-00010280: 7374 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 sting configurat\n-00010290: 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 6861 7665 2062 ions, but have b\n-000102a0: 6574 7465 7220 7265 706c 6163 656d 656e etter replacemen\n-000102b0: 7473 3a0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 ts:.....GRUB_HID\n-000102c0: 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 DEN_TIMEOUT.... \n-000102d0: 2020 2020 5761 6974 2074 6869 7320 6d61 Wait this ma\n-000102e0: 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 ny seconds befor\n-000102f0: 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 e displaying the\n-00010300: 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 203c 4553 433e menu. If \n-00010310: 206f 720a 2020 2020 203c 4634 3e20 6172 or. ar\n-00010320: 6520 7072 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 e pressed, or is held do\n-00010340: 776e 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 wn during that t\n-00010350: 696d 652c 2064 6973 706c 6179 0a20 2020 ime, display. \n-00010360: 2020 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 the menu and w\n-00010370: 6169 7420 666f 7220 696e 7075 7420 6163 ait for input ac\n-00010380: 636f 7264 696e 6720 746f 20e2 8098 4752 cording to ...GR\n-00010390: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 992e 2020 UB_TIMEOUT.... \n-000103a0: 4966 2061 0a20 2020 2020 686f 746b 6579 If a. hotkey\n-000103b0: 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 associated with\n-000103c0: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 a menu entry is\n-000103d0: 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 626f 6f74 2074 pressed, boot t\n-000103e0: 6865 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 640a 2020 he associated. \n-000103f0: 2020 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d menu entry im\n-00010400: 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 mediately. If t\n-00010410: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 he timeout expir\n-00010420: 6573 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6569 7468 6572 es before either\n-00010430: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7365 2068 of. these h\n-00010440: 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 appens, display \n-00010450: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2066 6f72 2074 6865 the menu for the\n-00010460: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e number of secon\n-00010470: 6473 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 2020 ds specified. \n-00010480: 2020 696e 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d in ...GRUB_TIM\n-00010490: 454f 5554 e280 9920 6265 666f 7265 2062 EOUT... before b\n-000104a0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 ooting the defau\n-000104b0: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 lt entry... \n-000104c0: 4966 2079 6f75 2073 6574 20e2 8098 4752 If you set ...GR\n-000104d0: 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 UB_HIDDEN_TIMEOU\n-000104e0: 54e2 8099 2c20 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 T..., you should\n-000104f0: 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 740a 2020 2020 20e2 also set. .\n-00010500: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 3d30 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT=0\n-00010510: e280 9920 736f 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 ... so that the \n-00010520: 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 7370 menu is not disp\n-00010530: 6c61 7965 6420 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 6e6c layed at all unl\n-00010540: 6573 730a 2020 2020 203c 4553 433e 206f ess. o\n-00010550: 7220 3c46 343e 2061 7265 2070 7265 7373 r are press\n-00010560: 6564 2c20 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e 2069 ed, or i\n-00010570: 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 s held down... \n-00010580: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 This option i\n-00010590: 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 s unset by defau\n-000105a0: 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 lt, and is depre\n-000105b0: 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 cated in favour \n-000105c0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 of the. less\n-000105d0: 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 confusing ...GR\n-000105e0: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n-000105f0: 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 =countdown... or\n-00010600: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 . ...GRUB_TI\n-00010610: 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 6464 MEOUT_STYLE=hidd\n-00010620: 656e e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f en.........GRUB_\n-00010630: 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f51 HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_Q\n-00010640: 5549 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 UIET.... In \n-00010650: 636f 6e6a 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 conjunction with\n-00010660: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f ...GRUB_HIDDEN_\n-00010670: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7365 7420 TIMEOUT..., set \n-00010680: 7468 6973 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 this to ...true.\n-00010690: 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 .. to. suppr\n-000106a0: 6573 7320 7468 6520 7665 7262 6f73 6520 ess the verbose \n-000106b0: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 7768 696c 6520 countdown while \n-000106c0: 7761 6974 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 6b65 waiting for a ke\n-000106d0: 7920 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 2070 7265 y to be. pre\n-000106e0: 7373 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6469 7370 ssed before disp\n-000106f0: 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752e laying the menu.\n-00010700: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 .. This opti\n-00010710: 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 on is unset by d\n-00010720: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 efault, and is d\n-00010730: 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 eprecated in fav\n-00010740: 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 our of the. \n-00010750: 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 less confusing .\n-00010760: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n-00010770: 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 TYLE=countdown..\n-00010780: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 .......GRUB_HIDD\n-00010790: 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f EN_TIMEOUT_BUTTO\n-000107a0: 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5661 7269 616e N.... Varian\n-000107b0: 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 t of ...GRUB_HID\n-000107c0: 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 DEN_TIMEOUT..., \n-000107d0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 used to support \n-000107e0: 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 630a vendor-specific.\n-000107f0: 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2062 7574 746f power butto\n-00010800: 6e73 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2056 656e 646f ns. *Note Vendo\n-00010810: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a r power-on keys:\n-00010820: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 :... This op\n-00010830: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 tion is unset by\n-00010840: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 default, and is\n-00010850: 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 deprecated in f\n-00010860: 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 avour of the. \n-00010870: 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 less confusing\n-00010880: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-00010890: 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e _STYLE=countdown\n-000108a0: e280 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 ... or. ...G\n-000108b0: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n-000108c0: 453d 6869 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 E=hidden...... \n-000108d0: 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c For more detail\n-000108e0: 6564 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7361 7469 6f6e ed customisation\n-000108f0: 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f of ...grub-mkco\n-00010900: 6e66 6967 e280 9927 7320 6f75 7470 7574 nfig...'s output\n-00010910: 2c20 796f 7520 6d61 790a 6564 6974 2074 , you may.edit t\n-00010920: 6865 2073 6372 6970 7473 2069 6e20 e280 he scripts in ..\n-00010930: 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 e280 9920 ./etc/grub.d... \n-00010940: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 20e2 8098 2f65 directly. .../e\n-00010950: 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 tc/grub.d/40_cus\n-00010960: 746f 6de2 8099 2069 730a 7061 7274 6963 tom... is.partic\n-00010970: 756c 6172 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f ularly useful fo\n-00010980: 7220 6164 6469 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 6520 r adding entire \n-00010990: 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 custom menu entr\n-000109a0: 6965 733b 2073 696d 706c 7920 7479 7065 ies; simply type\n-000109b0: 0a74 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 .the menu entrie\n-000109c0: 7320 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6164 s you want to ad\n-000109d0: 6420 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 d at the end of \n-000109e0: 7468 6174 2066 696c 652c 206d 616b 696e that file, makin\n-000109f0: 6720 7375 7265 2074 6f0a 6c65 6176 6520 g sure to.leave \n-00010a00: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2074 6865 2066 6972 at least the fir\n-00010a10: 7374 2074 776f 206c 696e 6573 2069 6e74 st two lines int\n-00010a20: 6163 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 act.....File: gr\n-00010a30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00010a40: 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 Root Identifcati\n-00010a50: 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c 2020 on Heuristics, \n-00010a60: 4e65 7874 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 Next: Shell-like\n-00010a70: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 scripting, Pre\n-00010a80: 763a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 v: Simple config\n-00010a90: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f uration, Up: Co\n-00010aa0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e32 nfiguration..6.2\n-00010ab0: 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 Root Identifcat\n-00010ac0: 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 0a3d ion Heuristics.=\n+0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+0000c0a0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 he program ...gr\n+0000c0b0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 ub-mkconfig... (\n+0000c0c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 *note Invoking g\n+0000c0d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2920 rub-mkconfig::) \n+0000c0e0: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 730a e280 9867 7275 generates....gru\n+0000c0f0: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 2073 b.cfg... files s\n+0000c100: 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 uitable for most\n+0000c110: 2063 6173 6573 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 cases. It is s\n+0000c120: 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 uitable for use \n+0000c130: 7768 656e 0a75 7067 7261 6469 6e67 2061 when.upgrading a\n+0000c140: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2061 distribution, a\n+0000c150: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 nd will discover\n+0000c160: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206b 6572 6e65 available kerne\n+0000c170: 6c73 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 656d 7074 2074 ls and.attempt t\n+0000c180: 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 o generate menu \n+0000c190: 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d entries for them\n+0000c1a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ... ...grub-mk\n+0000c1b0: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 646f 6573 2068 config... does h\n+0000c1c0: 6176 6520 736f 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6174 ave some limitat\n+0000c1d0: 696f 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 2061 6464 ions. While add\n+0000c1e0: 696e 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 7374 6f6d ing extra.custom\n+0000c1f0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 746f menu entries to\n+0000c200: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 the end of the \n+0000c210: 6c69 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 list can be done\n+0000c220: 2062 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a e280 982f by editing..../\n+0000c230: 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 etc/grub.d/40_cu\n+0000c240: 7374 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 7265 6174 stom... or creat\n+0000c250: 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ing .../boot/gru\n+0000c260: 622f 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 992c b/custom.cfg...,\n+0000c270: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 6520 6f72 changing.the or\n+0000c280: 6465 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 der of menu entr\n+0000c290: 6965 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 ies or changing \n+0000c2a0: 7468 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 206d 6179 their titles may\n+0000c2b0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b 696e 670a require making.\n+0000c2c0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e 6765 7320 complex changes \n+0000c2d0: 746f 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 7473 to shell scripts\n+0000c2e0: 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 stored in .../e\n+0000c2f0: 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 992e 2020 tc/grub.d/.... \n+0000c300: 5468 6973 206d 6179 2062 650a 696d 7072 This may be.impr\n+0000c310: 6f76 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 oved in the futu\n+0000c320: 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 616e re. In the mean\n+0000c330: 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6f73 6520 7768 6f20 time, those who \n+0000c340: 6665 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 2077 6f75 feel that it wou\n+0000c350: 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 ld.be easier to \n+0000c360: 7772 6974 6520 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 write ...grub.cf\n+0000c370: 67e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6172 g... directly ar\n+0000c380: 6520 656e 636f 7572 6167 6564 2074 6f20 e encouraged to \n+0000c390: 646f 2073 6f20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a42 6f6f do so (*note.Boo\n+0000c3a0: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 ting::, and *not\n+0000c3b0: 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 e Shell-like scr\n+0000c3c0: 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2074 ipting::), and t\n+0000c3d0: 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 616e 7920 7379 o disable any sy\n+0000c3e0: 7374 656d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 stem.provided by\n+0000c3f0: 2074 6865 6972 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 their distribut\n+0000c400: 696f 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 ion to automatic\n+0000c410: 616c 6c79 2072 756e 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ally run ...grub\n+0000c420: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 -mkconfig...... \n+0000c430: 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f65 The file .../e\n+0000c440: 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 tc/default/grub.\n+0000c450: 8099 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 .. controls the \n+0000c460: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 8098 operation of....\n+0000c470: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+0000c480: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 6f75 7263 6564 . It is sourced\n+0000c490: 2062 7920 6120 7368 656c 6c20 7363 7269 by a shell scri\n+0000c4a0: 7074 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206d 7573 7420 pt, and so must \n+0000c4b0: 6265 2076 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 be valid.POSIX s\n+0000c4c0: 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d hell input; norm\n+0000c4d0: 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 ally, it will ju\n+0000c4e0: 7374 2062 6520 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 st be a sequence\n+0000c4f0: 206f 6620 e280 984b 4559 3d76 616c 7565 of ...KEY=value\n+0000c500: e280 990a 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 7574 2069 ....lines, but i\n+0000c510: 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 f the value cont\n+0000c520: 6169 6e73 2073 7061 6365 7320 6f72 206f ains spaces or o\n+0000c530: 7468 6572 2073 7065 6369 616c 2063 6861 ther special cha\n+0000c540: 7261 6374 6572 7320 7468 656e 0a69 7420 racters then.it \n+0000c550: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 must be quoted. \n+0000c560: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 For example:.. \n+0000c570: 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 GRUB_TERMINA\n+0000c580: 4c5f 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 L_INPUT=\"console\n+0000c590: 2073 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 616c serial\".. Val\n+0000c5a0: 6964 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 id keys in .../e\n+0000c5b0: 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 tc/default/grub.\n+0000c5c0: 8099 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 .. are as follow\n+0000c5d0: 733a 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 s:.....GRUB_DEFA\n+0000c5e0: 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ULT.... The \n+0000c5f0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 default menu ent\n+0000c600: 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 ry. This may be\n+0000c610: 2061 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 6e20 7768 a number, in wh\n+0000c620: 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a 2020 2020 ich case it. \n+0000c630: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 identifies the \n+0000c640: 4e74 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 Nth entry in the\n+0000c650: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 generated menu \n+0000c660: 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 counted from zer\n+0000c670: 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 6865 2074 o,. or the t\n+0000c680: 6974 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 itle of a menu e\n+0000c690: 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2073 7065 ntry, or the spe\n+0000c6a0: 6369 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 e280 9873 cial string ...s\n+0000c6b0: 6176 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 696e 670a aved.... Using.\n+0000c6c0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 6d61 7920 the id may \n+0000c6d0: 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 be useful if you\n+0000c6e0: 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 206d want to set a m\n+0000c6f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 2074 6865 enu entry as the\n+0000c700: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 6576 default. ev\n+0000c710: 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6572 6520 en though there \n+0000c720: 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c may be a variabl\n+0000c730: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 7472 e number of entr\n+0000c740: 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 742e 0a0a ies before it...\n+0000c750: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 For example\n+0000c760: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a , if you have:..\n+0000c770: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 menuentry '\n+0000c780: 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 Example GNU/Linu\n+0000c790: 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 x distribution' \n+0000c7a0: 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 --class gnu-linu\n+0000c7b0: 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 x --id example-g\n+0000c7c0: 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 2020 2020 nu-linux {. \n+0000c7d0: 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 ..... }.. \n+0000c7e0: 2020 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d then you can m\n+0000c7f0: 616b 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 ake this the def\n+0000c800: 6175 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 ault using:.. \n+0000c810: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4445 4641 GRUB_DEFA\n+0000c820: 554c 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d ULT=example-gnu-\n+0000c830: 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6576 linux.. Prev\n+0000c840: 696f 7573 6c79 2069 7420 7761 7320 646f iously it was do\n+0000c850: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2074 6865 2077 6179 cumented the way\n+0000c860: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 656e 7472 7920 7469 to use entry ti\n+0000c870: 746c 652e 2020 5768 696c 650a 2020 2020 tle. While. \n+0000c880: 2074 6869 7320 7374 696c 6c20 776f 726b this still work\n+0000c890: 7320 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d s it's not recom\n+0000c8a0: 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2074 6974 mended since tit\n+0000c8b0: 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 les often contai\n+0000c8c0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7461 626c 6520 n. unstable \n+0000c8d0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2061 6e64 device names and\n+0000c8e0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 may be translat\n+0000c8f0: 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 ed.. If you \n+0000c900: 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 e280 9873 set this to ...s\n+0000c910: 6176 6564 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 aved..., then th\n+0000c920: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 e default menu e\n+0000c930: 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 ntry will be. \n+0000c940: 2020 7468 6174 2073 6176 6564 2062 7920 that saved by \n+0000c950: e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 ...GRUB_SAVEDEFA\n+0000c960: 554c 54e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9867 7275 ULT... or ...gru\n+0000c970: 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 b-set-default...\n+0000c980: 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2072 656c . This. rel\n+0000c990: 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 ies on the envir\n+0000c9a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 onment block, wh\n+0000c9b0: 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 ich may not be a\n+0000c9c0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 616c 6c0a vailable in all.\n+0000c9d0: 2020 2020 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 situations \n+0000c9e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 (*note Environme\n+0000c9f0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 nt block::)... \n+0000ca00: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n+0000ca10: 7320 e280 9830 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 s ...0.........G\n+0000ca20: 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 RUB_SAVEDEFAULT.\n+0000ca30: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 ... If this \n+0000ca40: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f option is set to\n+0000ca50: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 6865 ...true..., the\n+0000ca60: 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 616e 2065 6e74 7279 n, when an entry\n+0000ca70: 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c0a 2020 is selected,. \n+0000ca80: 2020 2073 6176 6520 6974 2061 7320 6120 save it as a \n+0000ca90: 6e65 7720 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 new default entr\n+0000caa0: 7920 666f 7220 7573 6520 6279 2066 7574 y for use by fut\n+0000cab0: 7572 6520 7275 6e73 206f 6620 4752 5542 ure runs of GRUB\n+0000cac0: 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f . This. is o\n+0000cad0: 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 e280 nly useful if ..\n+0000cae0: 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 7361 .GRUB_DEFAULT=sa\n+0000caf0: 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 2069 7320 6120 ved...; it is a \n+0000cb00: 7365 7061 7261 7465 206f 7074 696f 6e0a separate option.\n+0000cb10: 2020 2020 2062 6563 6175 7365 20e2 8098 because ...\n+0000cb20: 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 GRUB_DEFAULT=sav\n+0000cb30: 6564 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 ed... is useful \n+0000cb40: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 without this opt\n+0000cb50: 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e ion, in. con\n+0000cb60: 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 e280 junction with ..\n+0000cb70: 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c .grub-set-defaul\n+0000cb80: 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 2062 7920 t.... Unset by \n+0000cb90: 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 default. This. \n+0000cba0: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 option relie\n+0000cbb0: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e s on the environ\n+0000cbc0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 ment block, whic\n+0000cbd0: 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 h may not be ava\n+0000cbe0: 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 ilable. in a\n+0000cbf0: 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a ll situations (*\n+0000cc00: 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 note Environment\n+0000cc10: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 9847 block::)......G\n+0000cc20: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 RUB_TIMEOUT.... \n+0000cc30: 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 Boot the def\n+0000cc40: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6869 7320 ault entry this \n+0000cc50: 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 many seconds aft\n+0000cc60: 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a20 er the menu is. \n+0000cc70: 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642c 2075 displayed, u\n+0000cc80: 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 6973 2070 nless a key is p\n+0000cc90: 7265 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 ressed. The def\n+0000cca0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9835 e280 992e ault is ...5....\n+0000ccb0: 2020 5365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 Set to. ..\n+0000ccc0: 9830 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696d .0... to boot im\n+0000ccd0: 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 7468 6f75 mediately withou\n+0000cce0: 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 t displaying the\n+0000ccf0: 206d 656e 752c 206f 7220 746f 20e2 8098 menu, or to ...\n+0000cd00: 2d31 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7761 -1... to. wa\n+0000cd10: 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e it indefinitely.\n+0000cd20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 9847 5255 .. If ...GRU\n+0000cd30: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 B_TIMEOUT_STYLE.\n+0000cd40: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 .. is set to ...\n+0000cd50: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 countdown... or \n+0000cd60: e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 ...hidden..., th\n+0000cd70: 650a 2020 2020 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 e. timeout i\n+0000cd80: 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 s instead counte\n+0000cd90: 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e d before the men\n+0000cda0: 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a u is displayed..\n+0000cdb0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ....GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0000cdc0: 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 _STYLE.... I\n+0000cdd0: 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 f this option is\n+0000cde0: 2075 6e73 6574 206f 7220 7365 7420 746f unset or set to\n+0000cdf0: 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 2074 6865 ...menu..., the\n+0000ce00: 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 n GRUB will disp\n+0000ce10: 6c61 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e lay. the men\n+0000ce20: 7520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2077 6169 7420 u and then wait \n+0000ce30: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 for the timeout \n+0000ce40: 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 set by ...GRUB_T\n+0000ce50: 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 IMEOUT... to. \n+0000ce60: 2020 6578 7069 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6520 expire before \n+0000ce70: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 booting the defa\n+0000ce80: 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 5072 6573 ult entry. Pres\n+0000ce90: 7369 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 6e74 6572 sing a key inter\n+0000cea0: 7275 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 rupts. the t\n+0000ceb0: 696d 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 imeout... If\n+0000cec0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n+0000ced0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 set to ...countd\n+0000cee0: 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 own... or ...hid\n+0000cef0: 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 6265 den..., then, be\n+0000cf00: 666f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 fore. displa\n+0000cf10: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 ying the menu, G\n+0000cf20: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f RUB will wait fo\n+0000cf30: 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 r the timeout se\n+0000cf40: 7420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 t by. ...GRU\n+0000cf50: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 B_TIMEOUT... to \n+0000cf60: 6578 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 expire. If or are pr\n+0000cf80: 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 essed, or . is held d\n+0000cfa0: 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 own during that \n+0000cfb0: 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6469 time, it will di\n+0000cfc0: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 splay the menu a\n+0000cfd0: 6e64 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 nd wait. for\n+0000cfe0: 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 6620 6120 686f input. If a ho\n+0000cff0: 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 tkey associated \n+0000d000: 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 with a menu entr\n+0000d010: 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6974 y is pressed, it\n+0000d020: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 . will boot \n+0000d030: 7468 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 206d the associated m\n+0000d040: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 enu entry immedi\n+0000d050: 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 ately. If the t\n+0000d060: 696d 656f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 imeout. expi\n+0000d070: 7265 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 res before eithe\n+0000d080: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 r of these happe\n+0000d090: 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 ns, it will boot\n+0000d0a0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 the default. \n+0000d0b0: 2020 656e 7472 792e 2020 496e 2074 6865 entry. In the\n+0000d0c0: 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 ...countdown...\n+0000d0d0: 2063 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 case, it will s\n+0000d0e0: 686f 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 how a one-line i\n+0000d0f0: 6e64 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f ndication. o\n+0000d100: 6620 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 f the remaining \n+0000d110: 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 time......GRUB_D\n+0000d120: 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 EFAULT_BUTTON...\n+0000d130: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ....GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0000d140: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 _BUTTON.......GR\n+0000d150: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n+0000d160: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 _BUTTON.......GR\n+0000d170: 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 UB_BUTTON_CMOS_A\n+0000d180: 4444 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 2020 2056 DDRESS.... V\n+0000d190: 6172 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 ariants of the c\n+0000d1a0: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 6172 orresponding var\n+0000d1b0: 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 iables without t\n+0000d1c0: 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 he ..._BUTTON...\n+0000d1d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6978 2c20 7573 . suffix, us\n+0000d1e0: 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 ed to support ve\n+0000d1f0: 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 706f ndor-specific po\n+0000d200: 7765 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e wer buttons. *N\n+0000d210: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2056 656e 646f 7220 ote. Vendor \n+0000d220: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e power-on keys::.\n+0000d230: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5354 5249 .....GRUB_DISTRI\n+0000d240: 4255 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 BUTOR.... Se\n+0000d250: 7420 6279 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 t by distributor\n+0000d260: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 s of GRUB to the\n+0000d270: 6972 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 206e ir identifying n\n+0000d280: 616d 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 ame. This is. \n+0000d290: 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 656e 6572 used to gener\n+0000d2a0: 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 ate more informa\n+0000d2b0: 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 tive menu entry \n+0000d2c0: 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 titles......GRUB\n+0000d2d0: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 _TERMINAL_INPUT.\n+0000d2e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 ... Select t\n+0000d2f0: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 he terminal inpu\n+0000d300: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d t device. You m\n+0000d310: 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 ay select multip\n+0000d320: 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 le devices. \n+0000d330: 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 here, separated \n+0000d340: 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 by spaces... \n+0000d350: 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 Valid terminal \n+0000d360: 696e 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 input names depe\n+0000d370: 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f nd on the platfo\n+0000d380: 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c rm, but may incl\n+0000d390: 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 ude. ...cons\n+0000d3a0: 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 ole... (native p\n+0000d3b0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 latform console)\n+0000d3c0: 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 , ...serial... (\n+0000d3d0: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 serial terminal)\n+0000d3e0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c ,. ...serial\n+0000d3f0: 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 7269 _... (seri\n+0000d400: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 al terminal with\n+0000d410: 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 explicit port s\n+0000d420: 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 election),. \n+0000d430: e280 9861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 ...at_keyboard..\n+0000d440: 9920 2850 4320 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 . (PC AT keyboar\n+0000d450: 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 625f 6b65 d), or ...usb_ke\n+0000d460: 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2855 5342 206b yboard... (USB k\n+0000d470: 6579 626f 6172 640a 2020 2020 2075 7369 eyboard. usi\n+0000d480: 6e67 2074 6865 2048 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 ng the HID Boot \n+0000d490: 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 6361 Protocol, for ca\n+0000d4a0: 7365 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6669 ses where the fi\n+0000d4b0: 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a rmware does not.\n+0000d4c0: 2020 2020 2068 616e 646c 6520 7468 6973 handle this\n+0000d4d0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 )... The def\n+0000d4e0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 ault is to use t\n+0000d4f0: 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 he platform's na\n+0000d500: 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e tive terminal in\n+0000d510: 7075 742e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 put......GRUB_TE\n+0000d520: 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 RMINAL_OUTPUT...\n+0000d530: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 . Select the\n+0000d540: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 terminal output\n+0000d550: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 device. You ma\n+0000d560: 7920 7365 6c65 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c y select multipl\n+0000d570: 6520 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 e devices. h\n+0000d580: 6572 652c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ere, separated b\n+0000d590: 7920 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 y spaces... \n+0000d5a0: 5661 6c69 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f Valid terminal o\n+0000d5b0: 7574 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 utput names depe\n+0000d5c0: 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f nd on the platfo\n+0000d5d0: 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c rm, but may incl\n+0000d5e0: 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 ude. ...cons\n+0000d5f0: 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 ole... (native p\n+0000d600: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 latform console)\n+0000d610: 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 , ...serial... (\n+0000d620: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 serial terminal)\n+0000d630: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c ,. ...serial\n+0000d640: 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 7269 _... (seri\n+0000d650: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 al terminal with\n+0000d660: 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 explicit port s\n+0000d670: 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 election),. \n+0000d680: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 2867 ...gfxterm... (g\n+0000d690: 7261 7068 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 206f 7574 raphics-mode out\n+0000d6a0: 7075 7429 2c20 e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 put), ...vga_tex\n+0000d6b0: 74e2 8099 2028 5647 4120 7465 7874 206f t... (VGA text o\n+0000d6c0: 7574 7075 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 utput),. ...\n+0000d6d0: 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 284d 4441 mda_text... (MDA\n+0000d6e0: 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 292c 20e2 text output), .\n+0000d6f0: 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f 7273 ..morse... (Mors\n+0000d700: 652d 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7369 6e67 2073 e-coding using s\n+0000d710: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2062 6565 7065 ystem. beepe\n+0000d720: 7229 206f 7220 e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 r) or ...spkmode\n+0000d730: 6de2 8099 2028 7369 6d70 6c65 2064 6174 m... (simple dat\n+0000d740: 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2075 7369 6e67 a protocol using\n+0000d750: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7370 6561 6b65 7229 system speaker)\n+0000d760: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 706b 6d6f ... ...spkmo\n+0000d770: 6465 6de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c dem... is useful\n+0000d780: 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 6c20 when no serial \n+0000d790: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c port is availabl\n+0000d7a0: 652e 2020 436f 6e6e 6563 7420 7468 650a e. Connect the.\n+0000d7b0: 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2073 output of s\n+0000d7c0: 656e 6469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2877 ending system (w\n+0000d7d0: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 6973 2072 756e here GRUB is run\n+0000d7e0: 6e69 6e67 2920 746f 206c 696e 652d 696e ning) to line-in\n+0000d7f0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6569 7669 of. receivi\n+0000d800: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2875 7375 616c ng system (usual\n+0000d810: 6c79 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 206d 6163 ly developer mac\n+0000d820: 6869 6e65 292e 2020 4f6e 2072 6563 6569 hine). On recei\n+0000d830: 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 ving system. \n+0000d840: 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d compile ...spkm\n+0000d850: 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 2066 726f odem-recv... fro\n+0000d860: 6d20 e280 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 m ...util/spkmod\n+0000d870: 656d 2d72 6563 762e 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 em-recv.c... and\n+0000d880: 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 run:.. \n+0000d890: 2070 6172 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 616e parecord --chan\n+0000d8a0: 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 653d 3438 nels=1 --rate=48\n+0000d8b0: 3030 3020 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 3d73 3136 000 --format=s16\n+0000d8c0: 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d le | ./spkmodem-\n+0000d8d0: 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 recv.. The d\n+0000d8e0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 efault is to use\n+0000d8f0: 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 the platform's \n+0000d900: 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 native terminal \n+0000d910: 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 output......GRUB\n+0000d920: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4ce2 8099 0a20 2020 _TERMINAL.... \n+0000d930: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n+0000d940: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 is set, it over\n+0000d950: 7269 6465 7320 626f 7468 20e2 8098 4752 rides both ...GR\n+0000d960: 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 UB_TERMINAL_INPU\n+0000d970: 54e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 T... and. ..\n+0000d980: 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f .GRUB_TERMINAL_O\n+0000d990: 5554 5055 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 UTPUT... to the \n+0000d9a0: 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0ae2 8098 same value......\n+0000d9b0: 4752 5542 5f53 4552 4941 4c5f 434f 4d4d GRUB_SERIAL_COMM\n+0000d9c0: 414e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4120 636f AND.... A co\n+0000d9d0: 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 mmand to configu\n+0000d9e0: 7265 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f re the serial po\n+0000d9f0: 7274 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 rt when using th\n+0000da00: 6520 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 2020 636f e serial. co\n+0000da10: 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 7365 nsole. *Note se\n+0000da20: 7269 616c 3a3a 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 rial::. Default\n+0000da30: 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c e280 s to ...serial..\n+0000da40: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c .......GRUB_CMDL\n+0000da50: 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 0a20 2020 INE_LINUX.... \n+0000da60: 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 Command-line a\n+0000da70: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f20 6164 6420 rguments to add \n+0000da80: 746f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 to menu entries \n+0000da90: 666f 7220 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 for the Linux ke\n+0000daa0: 726e 656c 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 rnel......GRUB_C\n+0000dab0: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 MDLINE_LINUX_DEF\n+0000dac0: 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c AULT.... Unl\n+0000dad0: 6573 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 ess ...GRUB_DISA\n+0000dae0: 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 e280 9920 BLE_RECOVERY... \n+0000daf0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 is set to ...tru\n+0000db00: 65e2 8099 2c20 7477 6f20 6d65 6e75 2065 e..., two menu e\n+0000db10: 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c ntries. will\n+0000db20: 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 666f be generated fo\n+0000db30: 7220 6561 6368 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 r each Linux ker\n+0000db40: 6e65 6c3a 206f 6e65 2064 6566 6175 6c74 nel: one default\n+0000db50: 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 0a20 entry and one. \n+0000db60: 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 7265 entry for re\n+0000db70: 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 covery mode. 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If \n+0000ede0: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 you need to over\n+0000edf0: 7269 6465 2074 6869 7320 666f 720a 2020 ride this for. \n+0000ee00: 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2c20 some reason, \n+0000ee10: 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 then you can set\n+0000ee20: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 this option... \n+0000ee30: 2020 2020 4166 7465 7220 e280 9867 7275 After ...gru\n+0000ee40: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 6173 b-install... has\n+0000ee50: 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2c 2074 6865 2061 been run, the a\n+0000ee60: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f 2064 vailable video d\n+0000ee70: 7269 7665 7273 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 rivers are. \n+0000ee80: 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f listed in .../bo\n+0000ee90: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 7669 6465 6f2e 6c73 ot/grub/video.ls\n+0000eea0: 74e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 t.........GRUB_G\n+0000eeb0: 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 FXMODE.... 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GNU\n+0000f410: 2f4c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 6666 6572 /Linux to suffer\n+0000f420: 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 from various di\n+0000f430: 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 splay problems, \n+0000f440: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 particularly. \n+0000f450: 2020 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 during the ear\n+0000f460: 6c79 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 ly part of the b\n+0000f470: 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 oot sequence. I\n+0000f480: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c f you have probl\n+0000f490: 656d 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 ems,. set th\n+0000f4a0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 is option to ...\n+0000f4b0: 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 text... and GRUB\n+0000f4c0: 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 will tell Linux\n+0000f4d0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 to boot in. \n+0000f4e0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 normal text mod\n+0000f4f0: 652e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 e......GRUB_DISA\n+0000f500: 424c 455f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 52e2 8099 BLE_OS_PROBER...\n+0000f510: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 . The ...gru\n+0000f520: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6861 b-mkconfig... ha\n+0000f530: 7320 6120 6665 6174 7572 6520 746f 2075 s a feature to u\n+0000f540: 7365 2074 6865 2065 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 se the external \n+0000f550: e280 986f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 e280 990a ...os-prober....\n+0000f560: 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d 2074 6f20 program to \n+0000f570: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 206f 7468 6572 206f discover other o\n+0000f580: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+0000f590: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 7468 installed on th\n+0000f5a0: 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 e same. mach\n+0000f5b0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 ine and generate\n+0000f5c0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 206d 656e appropriate men\n+0000f5d0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 u entries for th\n+0000f5e0: 656d 2e20 2049 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 em. It is. \n+0000f5f0: 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 disabled by defa\n+0000f600: 756c 7420 7369 6e63 6520 6175 746f 6d61 ult since automa\n+0000f610: 7469 6320 616e 6420 7369 6c65 6e74 2065 tic and silent e\n+0000f620: 7865 6375 7469 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 2020 xecution of. \n+0000f630: 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 ...os-prober...\n+0000f640: 2c20 616e 6420 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2062 , and creating b\n+0000f650: 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 6261 7365 oot entries base\n+0000f660: 6420 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6461 7461 2c20 d on that data, \n+0000f670: 6973 2061 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 is a. potent\n+0000f680: 6961 6c20 6174 7461 636b 2076 6563 746f ial attack vecto\n+0000f690: 722e 2020 5365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 r. Set this opt\n+0000f6a0: 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 ion to ...false.\n+0000f6b0: 8099 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 6869 .. to enable thi\n+0000f6c0: 730a 2020 2020 2066 6561 7475 7265 2069 s. feature i\n+0000f6d0: 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b n the ...grub-mk\n+0000f6e0: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e config... comman\n+0000f6f0: 642e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4f53 5f50 d......GRUB_OS_P\n+0000f700: 524f 4245 525f 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 54e2 ROBER_SKIP_LIST.\n+0000f710: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 ... List of \n+0000f720: 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 space-separated \n+0000f730: 4653 2055 5549 4473 206f 6620 6669 6c65 FS UUIDs of file\n+0000f740: 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2062 6520 6967 systems to be ig\n+0000f750: 6e6f 7265 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 nored from. \n+0000f760: 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 6f75 7470 7574 os-prober output\n+0000f770: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 6669 2063 6861 696e . For efi chain\n+0000f780: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6974 2773 203c 5555 loaders it's @..\n+0000f7a0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n+0000f7b0: 5355 424d 454e 55e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 SUBMENU.... \n+0000f7c0: 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 e280 9867 7275 Normally, ...gru\n+0000f7d0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 b-mkconfig... wi\n+0000f7e0: 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 746f 7020 ll generate top \n+0000f7f0: 6c65 7665 6c20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 level menu entry\n+0000f800: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 for. the ke\n+0000f810: 726e 656c 2077 6974 6820 6869 6768 6573 rnel with highes\n+0000f820: 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 t version number\n+0000f830: 2061 6e64 2070 7574 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 and put all oth\n+0000f840: 6572 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 er found. ke\n+0000f850: 726e 656c 7320 6f72 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 rnels or alterna\n+0000f860: 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 tive menu entrie\n+0000f870: 7320 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d s for recovery m\n+0000f880: 6f64 6520 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a ode in submenu..\n+0000f890: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 6e74 7269 6573 For entries\n+0000f8a0: 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 20e2 8098 returned by ...\n+0000f8b0: 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2066 6972 os-prober... fir\n+0000f8c0: 7374 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 st entry will be\n+0000f8d0: 2070 7574 206f 6e20 746f 700a 2020 2020 put on top. \n+0000f8e0: 206c 6576 656c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f level and all o\n+0000f8f0: 7468 6572 7320 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 thers in submenu\n+0000f900: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f . If this optio\n+0000f910: 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 n is set to ...t\n+0000f920: 7275 65e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 rue...,. fla\n+0000f930: 7420 6d65 6e75 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 t menu with all \n+0000f940: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c entries on top l\n+0000f950: 6576 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e evel will be gen\n+0000f960: 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a erated instead..\n+0000f970: 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 Changing th\n+0000f980: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2072 is option will r\n+0000f990: 6571 7569 7265 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 equire changing \n+0000f9a0: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2076 616c 7565 7320 existing values \n+0000f9b0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f of. ...GRUB_\n+0000f9c0: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 e280 9866 DEFAULT..., ...f\n+0000f9d0: 616c 6c62 6163 6be2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 allback... (*not\n+0000f9e0: 6520 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a 2920 616e e fallback::) an\n+0000f9f0: 6420 e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 d ...default... \n+0000fa00: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 (*note. defa\n+0000fa10: 756c 743a 3a29 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 ult::) environme\n+0000fa20: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7320 nt variables as \n+0000fa30: 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7361 7665 6420 6465 well as saved de\n+0000fa40: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 790a 2020 2020 fault entry. \n+0000fa50: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 using ...grub-s\n+0000fa60: 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 616e et-default... an\n+0000fa70: 6420 7661 6c75 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 d value used wit\n+0000fa80: 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 626f 6f74 h ...grub-reboot\n+0000fa90: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 454e .........GRUB_EN\n+0000faa0: 4142 4c45 5f43 5259 5054 4f44 4953 4be2 ABLE_CRYPTODISK.\n+0000fab0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2073 6574 2074 ... If set t\n+0000fac0: 6f20 e280 9879 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6772 o ...y..., ...gr\n+0000fad0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 ub-mkconfig... a\n+0000fae0: 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 nd ...grub-insta\n+0000faf0: 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2063 6865 636b ll... will check\n+0000fb00: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 for. encryp\n+0000fb10: 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 616e 6420 6765 ted disks and ge\n+0000fb20: 6e65 7261 7465 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 nerate additiona\n+0000fb30: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206e 6565 6465 l commands neede\n+0000fb40: 6420 746f 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 d to access. \n+0000fb50: 2074 6865 6d20 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f them during boo\n+0000fb60: 742e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e t. Note that in\n+0000fb70: 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2075 6e61 7474 this case unatt\n+0000fb80: 656e 6465 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6e6f ended boot is no\n+0000fb90: 740a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 t. possible \n+0000fba0: 6265 6361 7573 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c because GRUB wil\n+0000fbb0: 6c20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7370 l wait for passp\n+0000fbc0: 6872 6173 6520 746f 2075 6e6c 6f63 6b20 hrase to unlock \n+0000fbd0: 656e 6372 7970 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 encrypted. c\n+0000fbe0: 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 ontainer......GR\n+0000fbf0: 5542 5f49 4e49 545f 5455 4e45 e280 990a UB_INIT_TUNE....\n+0000fc00: 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 Play a tune\n+0000fc10: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6561 6b65 7220 on the speaker \n+0000fc20: 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7374 6172 7473 when GRUB starts\n+0000fc30: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2070 6172 7469 . This is parti\n+0000fc40: 6375 6c61 726c 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 cularly. use\n+0000fc50: 6675 6c20 666f 7220 7573 6572 7320 756e ful for users un\n+0000fc60: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7468 6520 able to see the \n+0000fc70: 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c screen. The val\n+0000fc80: 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 ue of this. \n+0000fc90: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 option is passed\n+0000fca0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 202a 6e6f directly to *no\n+0000fcb0: 7465 2070 6c61 793a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 te play::......G\n+0000fcc0: 5255 425f 4241 4452 414d e280 990a 2020 RUB_BADRAM.... \n+0000fcd0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n+0000fce0: 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2c20 4752 5542 2077 n is set, GRUB w\n+0000fcf0: 696c 6c20 6973 7375 6520 6120 2a6e 6f74 ill issue a *not\n+0000fd00: 6520 6261 6472 616d 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 e badram:: comma\n+0000fd10: 6e64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 7465 nd to. filte\n+0000fd20: 7220 6f75 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 r out specified \n+0000fd30: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 2052 414d 2e0a regions of RAM..\n+0000fd40: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f50 5245 4c4f 4144 ....GRUB_PRELOAD\n+0000fd50: 5f4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a 2020 2020 _MODULES.... \n+0000fd60: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 This option may\n+0000fd70: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 be set to a lis\n+0000fd80: 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 t of GRUB module\n+0000fd90: 206e 616d 6573 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 names separated\n+0000fda0: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 732e by. spaces.\n+0000fdb0: 2020 4561 6368 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 Each module wi\n+0000fdc0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7320 ll be loaded as \n+0000fdd0: 6561 726c 7920 6173 2070 6f73 7369 626c early as possibl\n+0000fde0: 652c 2061 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 e, at the. s\n+0000fdf0: 7461 7274 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622e tart of ...grub.\n+0000fe00: 6366 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 cfg.........GRUB\n+0000fe10: 5f52 4543 4f52 4446 4149 4c5f 5449 4d45 _RECORDFAIL_TIME\n+0000fe20: 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 OUT.... If t\n+0000fe30: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n+0000fe40: 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 t, it overrides \n+0000fe50: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7265 636f the default reco\n+0000fe60: 7264 6661 696c 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2e0a rdfail setting..\n+0000fe70: 2020 2020 2041 2073 6574 7469 6e67 206f A setting o\n+0000fe80: 6620 2d31 2063 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 f -1 causes GRUB\n+0000fe90: 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2075 7365 to wait for use\n+0000fea0: 7220 696e 7075 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 r input indefini\n+0000feb0: 7465 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 6f77 6576 tely.. Howev\n+0000fec0: 6572 2c20 6120 6661 6c73 6520 706f 7369 er, a false posi\n+0000fed0: 7469 7665 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 636f tive in the reco\n+0000fee0: 7264 6661 696c 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d rdfail mechanism\n+0000fef0: 206d 6179 206f 6363 7572 2069 660a 2020 may occur if. \n+0000ff00: 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2069 7320 6c6f 7374 power is lost\n+0000ff10: 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2062 6566 during boot bef\n+0000ff20: 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 2073 7563 6365 7373 ore boot success\n+0000ff30: 2069 7320 7265 636f 7264 6564 2069 6e0a is recorded in.\n+0000ff40: 2020 2020 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2e20 userspace. \n+0000ff50: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6574 The default set\n+0000ff60: 7469 6e67 2069 7320 3330 2c20 7768 6963 ting is 30, whic\n+0000ff70: 6820 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f h causes GRUB to\n+0000ff80: 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2075 wait. for u\n+0000ff90: 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 666f 7220 7468 ser input for th\n+0000ffa0: 6972 7479 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 irty seconds bef\n+0000ffb0: 6f72 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7569 6e67 2e20 ore continuing. \n+0000ffc0: 2054 6869 7320 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 This default. \n+0000ffd0: 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 696e 7465 7261 allows intera\n+0000ffe0: 6374 6976 6520 7573 6572 7320 7468 6520 ctive users the \n+0000fff0: 6f70 706f 7274 756e 6974 7920 746f 2073 opportunity to s\n+00010000: 7769 7463 6820 746f 2061 2064 6966 6665 witch to a diffe\n+00010010: 7265 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6f72 6b69 rent,. worki\n+00010020: 6e67 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6c65 ng kernel, while\n+00010030: 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 6120 6661 6c73 avoiding a fals\n+00010040: 6520 706f 7369 7469 7665 2063 6175 7369 e positive causi\n+00010050: 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 746f 0a20 ng the boot to. \n+00010060: 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 696e 6465 6669 block indefi\n+00010070: 6e69 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 6865 6164 6c65 nitely on headle\n+00010080: 7373 2061 6e64 2061 7070 6c69 616e 6365 ss and appliance\n+00010090: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2061 systems where a\n+000100a0: 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6120 ccess. to a \n+000100b0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 2072 6573 7472 console is restr\n+000100c0: 6963 7465 6420 6f72 206c 696d 6974 6564 icted or limited\n+000100d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 ... This opt\n+000100e0: 696f 6e20 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6566 6665 ion is only effe\n+000100f0: 6374 6976 6520 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 ctive when GRUB \n+00010100: 7761 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 was configured w\n+00010110: 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ith the. ...\n+00010120: 2d2d 656e 6162 6c65 2d71 7569 636b 2d62 --enable-quick-b\n+00010130: 6f6f 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a oot... option...\n+00010140: e280 9847 5255 425f 5245 434f 5645 5259 ...GRUB_RECOVERY\n+00010150: 5f54 4954 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 _TITLE.... T\n+00010160: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 6574 7320 his option sets \n+00010170: 7468 6520 456e 676c 6973 6820 7465 7874 the English text\n+00010180: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 2074 of the string t\n+00010190: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 hat will be. \n+000101a0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2069 6e20 7061 displayed in pa\n+000101b0: 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 746f 2069 6e64 rentheses to ind\n+000101c0: 6963 6174 6520 7468 6174 2061 2062 6f6f icate that a boo\n+000101d0: 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7072 6f76 t option is prov\n+000101e0: 6964 6564 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2068 656c ided. to hel\n+000101f0: 7020 7573 6572 7320 7265 636f 7665 7220 p users recover \n+00010200: 6120 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d2e a broken system.\n+00010210: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+00010220: 2022 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 2020 2020 \"recovery. \n+00010230: 6d6f 6465 222e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 mode\"... The f\n+00010240: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n+00010250: 2061 7265 2073 7469 6c6c 2061 6363 6570 are still accep\n+00010260: 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ted for compatib\n+00010270: 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 0a65 7869 7374 ility with.exist\n+00010280: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ing configuratio\n+00010290: 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 6861 7665 2062 6574 ns, but have bet\n+000102a0: 7465 7220 7265 706c 6163 656d 656e 7473 ter replacements\n+000102b0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 :.....GRUB_HIDDE\n+000102c0: 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 N_TIMEOUT.... \n+000102d0: 2020 5761 6974 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 Wait this many\n+000102e0: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 6520 seconds before \n+000102f0: 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d displaying the m\n+00010300: 656e 752e 2020 4966 203c 4553 433e 206f enu. If o\n+00010310: 720a 2020 2020 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 r. are \n+00010320: 7072 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 pressed, or is held down\n+00010340: 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 696d during that tim\n+00010350: 652c 2064 6973 706c 6179 0a20 2020 2020 e, display. \n+00010360: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 the menu and wai\n+00010370: 7420 666f 7220 696e 7075 7420 6163 636f t for input acco\n+00010380: 7264 696e 6720 746f 20e2 8098 4752 5542 rding to ...GRUB\n+00010390: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 992e 2020 4966 _TIMEOUT.... If\n+000103a0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 686f 746b 6579 2061 a. hotkey a\n+000103b0: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 ssociated with a\n+000103c0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 menu entry is p\n+000103d0: 7265 7373 6564 2c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 ressed, boot the\n+000103e0: 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 640a 2020 2020 associated. \n+000103f0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 menu entry imme\n+00010400: 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 diately. If the\n+00010410: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 6573 timeout expires\n+00010420: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f before either o\n+00010430: 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 f. these hap\n+00010440: 7065 6e73 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 pens, display th\n+00010450: 6520 6d65 6e75 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206e e menu for the n\n+00010460: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 umber of seconds\n+00010470: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 2020 2020 specified. \n+00010480: 696e 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f in ...GRUB_TIMEO\n+00010490: 5554 e280 9920 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f UT... before boo\n+000104a0: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ting the default\n+000104b0: 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 entry... If\n+000104c0: 2079 6f75 2073 6574 20e2 8098 4752 5542 you set ...GRUB\n+000104d0: 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 _HIDDEN_TIMEOUT.\n+000104e0: 8099 2c20 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 .., you should a\n+000104f0: 6c73 6f20 7365 740a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 lso set. ...\n+00010500: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 3d30 e280 GRUB_TIMEOUT=0..\n+00010510: 9920 736f 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6d65 . so that the me\n+00010520: 6e75 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 7370 6c61 nu is not displa\n+00010530: 7965 6420 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 6e6c 6573 yed at all unles\n+00010540: 730a 2020 2020 203c 4553 433e 206f 7220 s. or \n+00010550: 3c46 343e 2061 7265 2070 7265 7373 6564 are pressed\n+00010560: 2c20 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e 2069 7320 , or is \n+00010570: 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 held down... \n+00010580: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 This option is \n+00010590: 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 unset by default\n+000105a0: 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 , and is depreca\n+000105b0: 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 ted in favour of\n+000105c0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 the. less c\n+000105d0: 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 onfusing ...GRUB\n+000105e0: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 _TIMEOUT_STYLE=c\n+000105f0: 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0a20 ountdown... or. \n+00010600: 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 ...GRUB_TIME\n+00010610: 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 6464 656e OUT_STYLE=hidden\n+00010620: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 .........GRUB_HI\n+00010630: 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f51 5549 DDEN_TIMEOUT_QUI\n+00010640: 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 636f ET.... In co\n+00010650: 6e6a 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 20e2 njunction with .\n+00010660: 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 ..GRUB_HIDDEN_TI\n+00010670: 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7365 7420 7468 MEOUT..., set th\n+00010680: 6973 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 is to ...true...\n+00010690: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 6573 to. suppres\n+000106a0: 7320 7468 6520 7665 7262 6f73 6520 636f s the verbose co\n+000106b0: 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 7768 696c 6520 7761 untdown while wa\n+000106c0: 6974 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 6b65 7920 iting for a key \n+000106d0: 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 to be. press\n+000106e0: 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6469 7370 6c61 ed before displa\n+000106f0: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752e 0a0a ying the menu...\n+00010700: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n+00010710: 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 is unset by def\n+00010720: 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 ault, and is dep\n+00010730: 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 recated in favou\n+00010740: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 r of the. le\n+00010750: 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 ss confusing ...\n+00010760: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n+00010770: 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 992e LE=countdown....\n+00010780: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e .....GRUB_HIDDEN\n+00010790: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 _TIMEOUT_BUTTON.\n+000107a0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5661 7269 616e 7420 ... Variant \n+000107b0: 6f66 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 of ...GRUB_HIDDE\n+000107c0: 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7573 N_TIMEOUT..., us\n+000107d0: 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 ed to support ve\n+000107e0: 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 ndor-specific. \n+000107f0: 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2062 7574 746f 6e73 power buttons\n+00010800: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2056 656e 646f 7220 . *Note Vendor \n+00010810: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e power-on keys::.\n+00010820: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 .. 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If....GRUB\n-000111b0: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 _DISABLE_LINUX_P\n-000111c0: 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 616c ARTUUID... is al\n-000111d0: 736f 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 so set to ...tru\n-000111e0: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f e..., ...grub-co\n-000111f0: 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c0a 6964 mmand... will.id\n-00011200: 656e 7469 6679 2062 7920 6974 7320 4c69 entify by its Li\n-00011210: 6e75 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e nux device name.\n-00011220: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 .. 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The first\n+00010bf0: 2069 7320 6966 2061 6e20 696e 6974 7264 is if an initrd\n+00010c00: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 740a for the target.\n+00010c10: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00010c20: 2069 7320 616c 736f 2070 7265 7365 6e74 is also present\n+00010c30: 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6973 . The second is\n+00010c40: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ....GRUB_DISABLE\n+00010c50: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 2061 _LINUX_UUID... a\n+00010c60: 6e64 2069 6620 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 nd if set to ...\n+00010c70: 7472 7565 e280 992c 2070 7265 7665 6e74 true..., prevent\n+00010c80: 7320 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 s ...grub-mkconf\n+00010c90: 6967 e280 990a 6672 6f6d 2069 6465 6e74 ig....from ident\n+00010ca0: 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 ifying the root \n+00010cb0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6279 2069 file system by i\n+00010cc0: 7473 2055 5549 442e 2054 6865 2074 6869 ts UUID. The thi\n+00010cd0: 7264 2069 730a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 rd is....GRUB_DI\n+00010ce0: 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 SABLE_LINUX_PART\n+00010cf0: 5555 4944 e280 9920 616e 6420 6966 2073 UUID... and if s\n+00010d00: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 et to ...true...\n+00010d10: 2c20 7072 6576 656e 7473 0ae2 8098 6772 , prevents....gr\n+00010d20: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2066 ub-mkconfig... f\n+00010d30: 726f 6d20 6964 656e 7469 6679 696e 6720 rom identifying \n+00010d40: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 the root file sy\n+00010d50: 7374 656d 2076 6961 2074 6865 2055 5549 stem via the UUI\n+00010d60: 4420 6f66 0a69 7473 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 D of.its enclosi\n+00010d70: 6e67 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 ng partition. I\n+00010d80: 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 f the variables \n+00010d90: 6172 6520 6173 7369 676e 6564 2061 6e79 are assigned any\n+00010da0: 206f 7468 6572 2076 616c 7565 2c0a 7468 other value,.th\n+00010db0: 6174 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 636f 6e73 at value is cons\n+00010dc0: 6964 6572 6564 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e idered equivalen\n+00010dd0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 t to ...false...\n+00010de0: 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 . The variables\n+00010df0: 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f0a 636f 6e73 6964 are also.consid\n+00010e00: 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6574 2074 ered to be set t\n+00010e10: 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 e280 9920 6966 o ...false... if\n+00010e20: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7365 they are not se\n+00010e30: 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 t... When boot\n+00010e40: 696e 672c 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b ing, the Linux k\n+00010e50: 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2064 656c 6567 ernel will deleg\n+00010e60: 6174 6520 7468 6520 7461 736b 206f 6620 ate the task of \n+00010e70: 6d6f 756e 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f mounting the.roo\n+00010e80: 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 t filesystem to \n+00010e90: 7468 6520 696e 6974 7264 2e20 204d 6f73 the initrd. Mos\n+00010ea0: 7420 696e 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 7320 t initrd images \n+00010eb0: 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7468 6520 726f determine the ro\n+00010ec0: 6f74 0a66 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2062 ot.file system b\n+00010ed0: 7920 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 204c y checking the L\n+00010ee0: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c27 7320 636f inux kernel's co\n+00010ef0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2074 mmand-line for t\n+00010f00: 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a 6b65 he ...root....ke\n+00010f10: 7920 616e 6420 7573 6520 6974 7320 7661 y and use its va\n+00010f20: 6c75 6520 6173 2074 6865 2069 6465 6e74 lue as the ident\n+00010f30: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6d65 7468 6f64 ification method\n+00010f40: 206f 6620 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c of the root fil\n+00010f50: 650a 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 696d e.system. To im\n+00010f60: 7072 6f76 6520 7468 6520 7265 6c69 6162 prove the reliab\n+00010f70: 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 ility of booting\n+00010f80: 2c20 6d6f 7374 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d , most initrd im\n+00010f90: 6167 6573 2061 6c73 6f0a 616c 6c6f 7720 ages also.allow \n+00010fa0: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 the root file sy\n+00010fb0: 7374 656d 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6465 6e74 stem to be ident\n+00010fc0: 6966 6965 6420 6279 2069 7473 2055 5549 ified by its UUI\n+00010fd0: 442e 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 D. Because of th\n+00010fe0: 6973 0a62 6568 6176 696f 722c 2074 6865 is.behavior, the\n+00010ff0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n+00011000: 67e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c g... command wil\n+00011010: 6c20 7365 7420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 l set ...root...\n+00011020: 2074 6f20 e280 9872 6f6f 743d 5555 4944 to ...root=UUID\n+00011030: 3d2e 2e2e e280 990a 746f 2070 726f 7669 =.......to provi\n+00011040: 6465 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 de the initrd wi\n+00011050: 7468 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 th the filesyste\n+00011060: 6d20 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 726f m UUID of the ro\n+00011070: 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a ot file system..\n+00011080: 0a20 2020 4966 206e 6f20 696e 6974 7264 . If no initrd\n+00011090: 2069 7320 6465 7465 6374 6564 206f 7220 is detected or \n+000110a0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n+000110b0: 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 9920 6973 LINUX_UUID... is\n+000110c0: 2073 6574 2074 6f0a e280 9874 7275 65e2 set to....true.\n+000110d0: 8099 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 622d .. then ...grub-\n+000110e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 command... will \n+000110f0: 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f identify the roo\n+00011100: 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 t filesystem by \n+00011110: 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 6b65 726e setting.the kern\n+00011120: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 el command-line \n+00011130: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 variable ...root\n+00011140: e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 ... to ...root=P\n+00011150: 4152 5455 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2075 ARTUUID=...... u\n+00011160: 6e6c 6573 730a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 nless....GRUB_DI\n+00011170: 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 SABLE_LINUX_PART\n+00011180: 5555 4944 e280 9920 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 UUID... is also \n+00011190: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 set to ...true..\n+000111a0: 992e 2020 4966 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 .. If....GRUB_D\n+000111b0: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 ISABLE_LINUX_PAR\n+000111c0: 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 616c 736f TUUID... is also\n+000111d0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 set to ...true.\n+000111e0: 8099 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f 6d6d .., ...grub-comm\n+000111f0: 616e 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c0a 6964 656e and... will.iden\n+00011200: 7469 6679 2062 7920 6974 7320 4c69 6e75 tify by its Linu\n+00011210: 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a0a x device name...\n+00011220: 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 The following\n+00011230: 2074 6162 6c65 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7a65 table summarize\n+00011240: 7320 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f s the behavior o\n+00011250: 6620 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b f the ...grub-mk\n+00011260: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e config....comman\n+00011270: 642e 0a0a 496e 6974 7264 2020 2020 2047 d...Initrd G\n+00011280: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n+00011290: 585f 5041 5254 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false\n+00011350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00011360: 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 false false\n+00011370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00011380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 false \n 00011390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000113a0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7420 5555 4944 0a66 part UUID.f\n-000113b0: 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 alse false \n+000113a0: 2020 2070 6172 7420 5555 4944 0a66 616c part UUID.fal\n+000113b0: 7365 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 se false \n 000113c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000113d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 true \n+000113d0: 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 true \n 000113e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000113f0: 2020 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a 6661 6c73 part UUID.fals\n-00011400: 6520 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 e true \n+000113f0: 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a 6661 6c73 6520 part UUID.false \n+00011400: 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 true \n 00011410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011420: 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 false \n-00011430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n-00011440: 6576 206e 616d 650a 6661 6c73 6520 2020 ev name.false \n-00011450: 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n-00011460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011470: 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n-00011480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6576 206e dev n\n-00011490: 616d 650a 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2066 ame.true f\n-000114a0: 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alse \n-000114b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c fal\n-000114c0: 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se \n-000114d0: 2020 2020 2020 2066 7320 5555 4944 0a74 fs UUID.t\n-000114e0: 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 rue false \n+00011420: 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n+00011430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6576 dev\n+00011440: 206e 616d 650a 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 name.false \n+00011450: 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00011460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00011470: 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue \n+00011480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6576 206e 616d dev nam\n+00011490: 650a 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c e.true fal\n+000114a0: 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se \n+000114b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 false\n+000114c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000114d0: 2020 2020 2066 7320 5555 4944 0a74 7275 fs UUID.tru\n+000114e0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 e false \n 000114f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 true \n+00011500: 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 true \n 00011510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011520: 2020 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a 7472 7565 part UUID.true\n-00011530: 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 true \n+00011520: 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a 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Remember,\n-000115d0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ...GRUB_DISABLE\n-000115e0: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 _LINUX_PARTUUID.\n-000115f0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 .. and ...GRUB_D\n-00011600: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 ISABLE_LINUX_UUI\n-00011610: 44e2 8099 0a61 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 636f D....are also co\n-00011620: 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2073 nsidered to be s\n-00011630: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 et to ...true...\n-00011640: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 and ...false...\n-00011650: 2c20 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 , respectively, \n-00011660: 7768 656e 0a74 6865 7920 6172 6520 756e when.they are un\n-00011670: 7365 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 set.....File: gr\n-00011680: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00011690: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n-000116a0: 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 756c ting, Next: Mul\n-000116b0: 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 6d61 6e75 616c 2063 ti-boot manual c\n-000116c0: 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 526f onfig, Prev: Ro\n-000116d0: 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e ot Identifcation\n-000116e0: 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c 2020 5570 Heuristics, Up\n-000116f0: 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a : Configuration.\n-00011700: 0a36 2e33 2057 7269 7469 6e67 2066 756c .6.3 Writing ful\n-00011710: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 l configuration \n-00011720: 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a3d files directly.=\n+00011550: 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n+00011560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7320 fs \n+00011570: 5555 4944 0a74 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 UUID.true \n+00011580: 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00011590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 tr\n+000115a0: 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue \n+000115b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 7620 6e61 6d65 dev name\n+000115c0: 0a0a 2020 2052 656d 656d 6265 722c 20e2 .. 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When posi\n-00012310: 7469 6f6e 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 tional variable \n-00012320: 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 names are active\n-00012330: 2c0a 6f74 6865 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 ,.other special \n-00012340: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 20e2 variable names .\n-00012350: 8098 40e2 8099 2c20 e280 982a e280 9920 ..@..., ...*... \n-00012360: 616e 6420 e280 9823 e280 9920 6172 6520 and ...#... are \n-00012370: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 defined and they\n-00012380: 0a65 7870 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 .expand to all p\n-00012390: 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 ositional parame\n-000123a0: 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 ters with necess\n-000123b0: 6172 7920 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 ary quoting, pos\n-000123c0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 itional.paramete\n-000123d0: 7273 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 rs without any q\n-000123e0: 756f 7469 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 uoting, and posi\n-000123f0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 tional parameter\n-00012400: 2063 6f75 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 count.respectiv\n-00012410: 656c 792e 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d ely...Comments.=\n-00012420: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 =======..A word \n-00012430: 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 beginning with .\n-00012440: 8098 23e2 8099 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 ..#... causes th\n-00012450: 6174 2077 6f72 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 at word and all \n-00012460: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 remaining charac\n-00012470: 7465 7273 0a6f 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e ters.on that lin\n-00012480: 6520 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e e to be ignored.\n-00012490: 0a0a 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ..Simple command\n-000124a0: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-000124b0: 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 =..A ...simple c\n-000124c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 2061 2073 ommand... is a s\n-000124d0: 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 equence of words\n-000124e0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 separated by sp\n-000124f0: 6163 6573 206f 7220 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 aces or tabs.and\n-00012500: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 6420 6279 2061 terminated by a\n-00012510: 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 semicolon or a \n-00012520: 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 5468 6520 6669 newline. The fi\n-00012530: 7273 7420 776f 7264 2073 7065 6369 6669 rst word specifi\n-00012540: 6573 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 es.the command t\n-00012550: 6f20 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 o be executed. \n-00012560: 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 776f The remaining wo\n-00012570: 7264 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 rds are passed a\n-00012580: 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 746f 2074 s arguments.to t\n-00012590: 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 he invoked comma\n-000125a0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 nd... The retu\n-000125b0: 726e 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 7369 rn value of a si\n-000125c0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 mple command is \n-000125d0: 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e its exit status.\n-000125e0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a72 6573 6572 7665 If the.reserve\n-000125f0: 6420 776f 7264 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2070 d word ...!... p\n-00012600: 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d recedes the comm\n-00012610: 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 and, then the re\n-00012620: 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 696e turn value is in\n-00012630: 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 stead.the logica\n-00012640: 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 l negation of th\n-00012650: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 e command's exit\n-00012660: 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 status...Compou\n-00012670: 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d nd commands.====\n-00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 =============..A\n-00012690: 20e2 809c 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d ...compound com\n-000126a0: 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 206f mand... is one o\n-000126b0: 6620 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a f the following:\n-000126c0: 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f ..for NAME in WO\n-000126d0: 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b RD ...; do LIST;\n-000126e0: 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c done. The l\n-000126f0: 6973 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c ist of words fol\n-00012700: 6c6f 7769 6e67 20e2 8098 696e e280 9920 lowing ...in... \n-00012710: 6973 2065 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e is expanded, gen\n-00012720: 6572 6174 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f erating a list o\n-00012730: 660a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 f. items. T\n-00012740: 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 he variable NAME\n-00012750: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 is set to each \n-00012760: 656c 656d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 element of this \n-00012770: 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 list in. tur\n-00012780: 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 n, and LIST is e\n-00012790: 7865 6375 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d xecuted each tim\n-000127a0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 e. The return v\n-000127b0: 616c 7565 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 alue is the exit\n-000127c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 . status of \n-000127d0: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the last command\n-000127e0: 2074 6861 7420 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 that executes. \n-000127f0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f If the expansio\n-00012800: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 n of the. it\n-00012810: 656d 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e280 ems following ..\n-00012820: 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 .in... results i\n-00012830: 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 742c n an empty list,\n-00012840: 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 no commands are\n-00012850: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 . executed, \n-00012860: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 and the return s\n-00012870: 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 tatus is 0...if \n-00012880: 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 543b LIST; then LIST;\n-00012890: 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 6865 [elif LIST; the\n-000128a0: 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b 656c n LIST;] ... [el\n-000128b0: 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 se LIST;] fi. \n-000128c0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 204c The ...if... L\n-000128d0: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c IST is executed,\n-000128e0: 2077 6865 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 2061 where LIST is a\n-000128f0: 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 series of ...si\n-00012900: 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e mple. comman\n-00012910: 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 d...s separated \n-00012920: 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 6974 by a \";\". If it\n-00012930: 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 s exit status of\n-00012940: 2074 6865 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2063 the last. c\n-00012950: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 ommand is zero, \n-00012960: 7468 6520 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c the ...then... L\n-00012970: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e IST is executed.\n-00012980: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2065 6163 Otherwise, eac\n-00012990: 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656c 6966 e280 h. ...elif..\n-000129a0: 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 . LIST is execut\n-000129b0: 6564 2069 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 616e 6420 ed in turn, and \n-000129c0: 6966 2069 7473 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d if its last comm\n-000129d0: 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 and's exit. \n-000129e0: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 status is zero, \n-000129f0: 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e the correspondin\n-00012a00: 6720 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 g ...then... LIS\n-00012a10: 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e T is executed an\n-00012a20: 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 d the. comma\n-00012a30: 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e20 204f nd completes. O\n-00012a40: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 e280 therwise, the ..\n-00012a50: 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 .else... LIST is\n-00012a60: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2069 660a 2020 executed, if. \n-00012a70: 2020 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 present. The\n-00012a80: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 exit status is \n-00012a90: 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 the exit status \n-00012aa0: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n-00012ab0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 and. execute\n-00012ac0: 642c 206f 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6e6f d, or zero if no\n-00012ad0: 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 condition teste\n-00012ae0: 6420 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 d true...while C\n-00012af0: 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f OND; do LIST; do\n-00012b00: 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 ne.until COND; d\n-00012b10: 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 o LIST; done. \n-00012b20: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 The ...while..\n-00012b30: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e . command contin\n-00012b40: 756f 7573 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 uously executes \n-00012b50: 7468 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 the ...do... LIS\n-00012b60: 5420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 2020 T as long as. \n-00012b70: 2020 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 the last comma\n-00012b80: 6e64 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 7572 nd in COND retur\n-00012b90: 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 ns an exit statu\n-00012ba0: 7320 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 s of zero, where\n-00012bb0: 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6120 COND. is a \n-00012bc0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d 706c list of ...simpl\n-00012bd0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 e command...s se\n-00012be0: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 parated by a \";\"\n-00012bf0: 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 . The ...until.\n-00012c00: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ... command \n-00012c10: 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 is identical to \n-00012c20: 7468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 the ...while... \n-00012c30: 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 command, except \n-00012c40: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a 2020 that the test. \n-00012c50: 2020 2069 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 is negated; t\n-00012c60: 6865 20e2 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 5354 he ...do... LIST\n-00012c70: 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 7320 is executed as \n-00012c80: 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 long as the last\n-00012c90: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e command. in\n-00012ca0: 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 6120 COND returns a \n-00012cb0: 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 non-zero exit st\n-00012cc0: 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 atus. The exit \n-00012cd0: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 status of the. \n-00012ce0: 2020 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2061 ...while... a\n-00012cf0: 6e64 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 nd ...until... c\n-00012d00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 ommands is the e\n-00012d10: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 xit status of th\n-00012d20: 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 990a e last ...do....\n-00012d30: 2020 2020 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e LIST comman\n-00012d40: 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a d executed, or z\n-00012d50: 6572 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 ero if none was \n-00012d60: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 executed...funct\n-00012d70: 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 ion NAME { COMMA\n-00012d80: 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 ND; ... }. T\n-00012d90: 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 his defines a fu\n-00012da0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d nction named NAM\n-00012db0: 452e 2020 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 E. The ...body.\n-00012dc0: 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 .. of the functi\n-00012dd0: 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c on is. the l\n-00012de0: 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ist of commands \n-00012df0: 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2065 within braces, e\n-00012e00: 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 ach of which mus\n-00012e10: 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e t be. termin\n-00012e20: 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 6d69 ated with a semi\n-00012e30: 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 6c69 colon or a newli\n-00012e40: 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 206f ne. This list o\n-00012e50: 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 f commands. \n-00012e60: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 will be executed\n-00012e70: 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 whenever NAME i\n-00012e80: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2074 s specified as t\n-00012e90: 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 696d he name of a sim\n-00012ea0: 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ple. command\n-00012eb0: 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 . Function defi\n-00012ec0: 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2061 nitions do not a\n-00012ed0: 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 ffect the exit s\n-00012ee0: 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 tatus in. ..\n-00012ef0: 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 .$?.... When ex\n-00012f00: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 ecuted, the exit\n-00012f10: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e status of a fun\n-00012f20: 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 ction is the exi\n-00012f30: 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 t. status of\n-00012f40: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e the last comman\n-00012f50: 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 d executed in th\n-00012f60: 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 e body...menuent\n-00012f70: 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d 2d63 ry TITLE [...--c\n-00012f80: 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 2e2e lass=class... ..\n-00012f90: 2e5d 205b e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 .] [...--users=u\n-00012fa0: 7365 7273 e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d75 sers...] [...--u\n-00012fb0: 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 nrestricted...] \n-00012fc0: 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 [...--hotkey=key\n-00012fd0: e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d 6964 ...] [...--id=id\n-00012fe0: e280 995d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 ...] { COMMAND; \n-00012ff0: 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 ... }. *Note\n-00013000: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 menuentry::...B\n-00013010: 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 uilt-in Commands\n-00013020: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00013030: 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 ==..Some built-i\n-00013040: 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 n commands are a\n-00013050: 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 lso provided by \n-00013060: 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 GRUB script to h\n-00013070: 656c 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 elp script.write\n-00013080: 7273 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f rs perform actio\n-00013090: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 ns that are othe\n-000130a0: 7277 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 rwise not possib\n-000130b0: 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 le. For example\n-000130c0: 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 ,.these include \n-000130d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 commands to jump\n-000130e0: 206f 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 out of a loop w\n-000130f0: 6974 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d ithout fully com\n-00013100: 706c 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e pleting.it, etc.\n-00013110: 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 ..break [...n...\n-00013120: 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d ]. Exit from\n-00013130: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 6f72 within a ...for\n-00013140: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 ..., ...while...\n-00013150: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 , or ...until...\n-00013160: 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 loop. If ...n.\n-00013170: 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 .. is. speci\n-00013180: 6669 6564 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 986e fied, break ...n\n-00013190: e280 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 ... levels. ...\n-000131a0: 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 n... must be gre\n-000131b0: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 ater than or equ\n-000131c0: 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 al to. 1. I\n-000131d0: 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 7265 f ...n... is gre\n-000131e0: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 ater than the nu\n-000131f0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e mber of enclosin\n-00013200: 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 g loops, all. \n-00013210: 2020 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 enclosing loop\n-00013220: 7320 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 s are exited. T\n-00013230: 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 he return value \n-00013240: 6973 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 986e is 0 unless ...n\n-00013250: e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 ... is. not \n-00013260: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 greater than or \n-00013270: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e equal to 1...con\n-00013280: 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a tinue [...n...].\n-00013290: 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 6520 Resume the \n-000132a0: 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 206f next iteration o\n-000132b0: 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 f the enclosing \n-000132c0: e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 ...for..., ...wh\n-000132d0: 696c 65e2 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 ile... or. .\n-000132e0: 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e ..until... loop.\n-000132f0: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 If ...n... is \n-00013300: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 756d specified, resum\n-00013310: 6520 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 e at the ...n...\n-00013320: 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 th enclosing. \n-00013330: 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 loop. ...n...\n-00013340: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 must be greater\n-00013350: 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 than or equal t\n-00013360: 6f20 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 o 1. If ...n...\n-00013370: 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 is greater. \n-00013380: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 than the number\n-00013390: 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f of enclosing lo\n-000133a0: 6f70 732c 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e ops, the last en\n-000133b0: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 closing loop (th\n-000133c0: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d 6c65 e. ...top-le\n-000133d0: 7665 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 vel... loop) is \n-000133e0: 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 resumed. The re\n-000133f0: 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 3020 turn value is 0 \n-00013400: 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 unless ...n... i\n-00013410: 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 s. not great\n-00013420: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c er than or equal\n-00013430: 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b to 1...return [\n-00013440: e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 ...n...]. Ca\n-00013450: 7573 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 uses a function \n-00013460: 746f 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 to exit with the\n-00013470: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 return value sp\n-00013480: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 ecified by ...n.\n-00013490: 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 986e .... If ...n\n-000134a0: e280 9920 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 ... is omitted, \n-000134b0: 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 the return statu\n-000134c0: 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 s is that of the\n-000134d0: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 last command. \n-000134e0: 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e 2074 executed in t\n-000134f0: 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f 6479 he function body\n-00013500: 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 7369 . If used outsi\n-00013510: 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 de a function th\n-00013520: 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7374 e. return st\n-00013530: 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a atus is false...\n-00013540: 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 6172 setparams [...ar\n-00013550: 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 g...] .... R\n-00013560: 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 eplace positiona\n-00013570: 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 l parameters sta\n-00013580: 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2431 rting with ...$1\n-00013590: e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e ... with argumen\n-000135a0: 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 ts to. ...se\n-000135b0: 7470 6172 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 tparams......shi\n-000135c0: 6674 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 ft [...n...]. \n-000135d0: 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c The positional\n-000135e0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 6f6d parameters from\n-000135f0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 ...n...+1 ... a\n-00013600: 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 e280 re renamed to ..\n-00013610: 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 .$1........ \n-00013620: 5061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 Parameters repre\n-00013630: 7365 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 sented by the nu\n-00013640: 6d62 6572 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2064 mbers ...$#... d\n-00013650: 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992d own to ...$#...-\n-00013660: e280 986e e280 992b 3120 6172 650a 2020 ...n...+1 are. \n-00013670: 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 unset. ...n.\n-00013680: 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e .. must be a non\n-00013690: 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 -negative number\n-000136a0: 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 less than or eq\n-000136b0: 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 ual to. ...$\n-000136c0: 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 #.... If ...n..\n-000136d0: 9920 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 616d . is 0, no param\n-000136e0: 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e 6765 eters are change\n-000136f0: 642e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 d. If ...n... i\n-00013700: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e s not. given\n-00013710: 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 , it is assumed \n-00013720: 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 to be 1. If ...\n-00013730: 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 n... is greater \n-00013740: 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c 2074 than ...$#..., t\n-00013750: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e he. position\n-00013760: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 al parameters ar\n-00013770: 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 e not changed. \n-00013780: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 The return statu\n-00013790: 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 s is. greate\n-000137a0: 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 r than zero if .\n-000137b0: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 ..n... is greate\n-000137c0: 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 9920 r than ...$#... \n-000137d0: 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 or less than zer\n-000137e0: 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 o;. otherwis\n-000137f0: 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 e 0.....File: gr\n-00013800: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00013810: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n-00013820: 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 ting-Footnotes, \n-00013830: 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 Up: Shell-like \n-00013840: 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 scripting.. (1\n-00013850: 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 ) Currently a ba\n-00013860: 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 ckslash-newline \n-00013870: 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 pair within a va\n-00013880: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e riable name is n\n-00013890: 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 ot.handled prope\n-000138a0: 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 rly, so use this\n-000138b0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f feature with so\n-000138c0: 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 me care.....File\n-000138d0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000138e0: 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d de: Multi-boot m\n-000138f0: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e anual config, N\n-00013900: 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f ext: Embedded co\n-00013910: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 nfiguration, Pr\n-00013920: 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ev: Shell-like s\n-00013930: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 cripting, Up: C\n-00013940: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e onfiguration..6.\n-00013950: 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 4 Multi-boot man\n-00013960: 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ual config.=====\n+00011750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a e280 9867 ==========.....g\n+00011760: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 7320 7772 rub.cfg... is wr\n+00011770: 6974 7465 6e20 696e 2047 5255 4227 7320 itten in GRUB's \n+00011780: 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 6372 6970 7469 built-in scripti\n+00011790: 6e67 206c 616e 6775 6167 652c 2077 6869 ng language, whi\n+000117a0: 6368 2068 6173 2061 0a73 796e 7461 7820 ch has a.syntax \n+000117b0: 7175 6974 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f quite similar to\n+000117c0: 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2047 4e55 2042 6173 that of GNU Bas\n+000117d0: 6820 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 426f 7572 h and other Bour\n+000117e0: 6e65 2073 6865 6c6c 0a64 6572 6976 6174 ne shell.derivat\n+000117f0: 6976 6573 2e0a 0a57 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d ives...Words.===\n+00011800: 3d3d 0a0a 4120 e280 9c77 6f72 64e2 809d ==..A ...word...\n+00011810: 2069 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f is a sequence o\n+00011820: 6620 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2063 6f6e f characters con\n+00011830: 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 2061 2073 696e sidered as a sin\n+00011840: 676c 6520 756e 6974 2062 790a 4752 5542 gle unit by.GRUB\n+00011850: 2e20 2057 6f72 6473 2061 7265 2073 6570 . Words are sep\n+00011860: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 9c6d 6574 arated by ...met\n+00011870: 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 73e2 809d 2c20 acharacters..., \n+00011880: 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 7468 6520 666f which are the fo\n+00011890: 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 706c 7573 2073 7061 llowing.plus spa\n+000118a0: 6365 2c20 7461 622c 2061 6e64 206e 6577 ce, tab, and new\n+000118b0: 6c69 6e65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7b20 7d20 line:.. { } \n+000118c0: 7c20 2620 2420 3b20 3c20 3e0a 0a20 2020 | & $ ; < >.. \n+000118d0: 5175 6f74 696e 6720 6d61 7920 6265 2075 Quoting may be u\n+000118e0: 7365 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206d sed to include m\n+000118f0: 6574 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e etacharacters in\n+00011900: 2077 6f72 6473 3b20 7365 6520 6265 6c6f words; see belo\n+00011910: 772e 0a0a 5265 7365 7276 6564 2077 6f72 w...Reserved wor\n+00011920: 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ds.=============\n+00011930: 3d0a 0a52 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 =..Reserved word\n+00011940: 7320 6861 7665 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c s have a special\n+00011950: 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 5542 meaning to GRUB\n+00011960: 2e20 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 . The following \n+00011970: 776f 7264 7320 6172 650a 7265 636f 676e words are.recogn\n+00011980: 6973 6564 2061 7320 7265 7365 7276 6564 ised as reserved\n+00011990: 2077 6865 6e20 756e 7175 6f74 6564 2061 when unquoted a\n+000119a0: 6e64 2065 6974 6865 7220 7468 6520 6669 nd either the fi\n+000119b0: 7273 7420 776f 7264 206f 6620 610a 7369 rst word of a.si\n+000119c0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206f 7220 mple command or \n+000119d0: 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 776f 7264 206f the third word o\n+000119e0: 6620 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 9920 636f f a ...for... co\n+000119f0: 6d6d 616e 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2021 205b mmand:.. ! [\n+00011a00: 5b20 5d5d 207b 207d 0a20 2020 2020 6361 [ ]] { }. ca\n+00011a10: 7365 2064 6f20 646f 6e65 2065 6c69 6620 se do done elif \n+00011a20: 656c 7365 2065 7361 6320 6669 2066 6f72 else esac fi for\n+00011a30: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 function. i\n+00011a40: 6620 696e 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2073 f in menuentry s\n+00011a50: 656c 6563 7420 7468 656e 2074 696d 6520 elect then time \n+00011a60: 756e 7469 6c20 7768 696c 650a 0a20 2020 until while.. \n+00011a70: 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 Not all of these\n+00011a80: 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 reserved words \n+00011a90: 6861 7665 2061 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7075 have a useful pu\n+00011aa0: 7270 6f73 6520 7965 743b 2073 6f6d 6520 rpose yet; some \n+00011ab0: 6172 650a 7265 7365 7276 6564 2066 6f72 are.reserved for\n+00011ac0: 2066 7574 7572 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f future expansio\n+00011ad0: 6e2e 0a0a 5175 6f74 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d n...Quoting.====\n+00011ae0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a51 756f 7469 6e67 2069 7320 ===..Quoting is \n+00011af0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 used to remove t\n+00011b00: 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 he special meani\n+00011b10: 6e67 206f 6620 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6368 ng of certain ch\n+00011b20: 6172 6163 7465 7273 206f 720a 776f 7264 aracters or.word\n+00011b30: 732e 2020 4974 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 s. It can be us\n+00011b40: 6564 2074 6f20 7472 6561 7420 6d65 7461 ed to treat meta\n+00011b50: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2061 7320 7061 characters as pa\n+00011b60: 7274 206f 6620 6120 776f 7264 2c20 746f rt of a word, to\n+00011b70: 0a70 7265 7665 6e74 2072 6573 6572 7665 .prevent reserve\n+00011b80: 6420 776f 7264 7320 6672 6f6d 2062 6569 d words from bei\n+00011b90: 6e67 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 6420 6173 ng recognised as\n+00011ba0: 2073 7563 682c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 7072 such, and to pr\n+00011bb0: 6576 656e 740a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 event.variable e\n+00011bc0: 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 xpansion... Th\n+00011bd0: 6572 6520 6172 6520 7468 7265 6520 7175 ere are three qu\n+00011be0: 6f74 696e 6720 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 oting mechanisms\n+00011bf0: 3a20 7468 6520 6573 6361 7065 2063 6861 : the escape cha\n+00011c00: 7261 6374 6572 2c20 7369 6e67 6c65 0a71 racter, single.q\n+00011c10: 756f 7465 732c 2061 6e64 2064 6f75 626c uotes, and doubl\n+00011c20: 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 e quotes... A \n+00011c30: 6e6f 6e2d 7175 6f74 6564 2062 6163 6b73 non-quoted backs\n+00011c40: 6c61 7368 2028 5c29 2069 7320 7468 6520 lash (\\) is the \n+00011c50: e280 9c65 7363 6170 6520 6368 6172 6163 ...escape charac\n+00011c60: 7465 72e2 809d 2e20 2049 7420 7072 6573 ter.... It pres\n+00011c70: 6572 7665 730a 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 erves.the litera\n+00011c80: 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206e l value of the n\n+00011c90: 6578 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7468 ext character th\n+00011ca0: 6174 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 7769 7468 at follows, with\n+00011cb0: 2074 6865 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 0a6f the exception.o\n+00011cc0: 6620 6e65 776c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2045 f newline... E\n+00011cd0: 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 2063 6861 7261 6374 nclosing charact\n+00011ce0: 6572 7320 696e 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 ers in single qu\n+00011cf0: 6f74 6573 2070 7265 7365 7276 6573 2074 otes preserves t\n+00011d00: 6865 206c 6974 6572 616c 2076 616c 7565 he literal value\n+00011d10: 206f 660a 6561 6368 2063 6861 7261 6374 of.each charact\n+00011d20: 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 7175 er within the qu\n+00011d30: 6f74 6573 2e20 2041 2073 696e 676c 6520 otes. A single \n+00011d40: 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6f63 quote may not oc\n+00011d50: 6375 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e0a 7369 6e67 cur between.sing\n+00011d60: 6c65 2071 756f 7465 732c 2065 7665 6e20 le quotes, even \n+00011d70: 7768 656e 2070 7265 6365 6465 6420 6279 when preceded by\n+00011d80: 2061 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2e0a 0a20 a backslash... \n+00011d90: 2020 456e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6368 6172 Enclosing char\n+00011da0: 6163 7465 7273 2069 6e20 646f 7562 6c65 acters in double\n+00011db0: 2071 756f 7465 7320 7072 6573 6572 7665 quotes preserve\n+00011dc0: 7320 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 7661 s the literal va\n+00011dd0: 6c75 6520 6f66 0a61 6c6c 2063 6861 7261 lue of.all chara\n+00011de0: 6374 6572 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 cters within the\n+00011df0: 2071 756f 7465 732c 2077 6974 6820 7468 quotes, with th\n+00011e00: 6520 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 e exception of .\n+00011e10: 8098 24e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 5ce2 ..$... and ...\\.\n+00011e20: 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 e280 9824 e280 9920 ....The ...$... \n+00011e30: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7265 7461 696e character retain\n+00011e40: 7320 6974 7320 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 s its special me\n+00011e50: 616e 696e 6720 7769 7468 696e 2064 6f75 aning within dou\n+00011e60: 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 2054 6865 ble quotes. The\n+00011e70: 0a62 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2072 6574 6169 .backslash retai\n+00011e80: 6e73 2069 7473 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d ns its special m\n+00011e90: 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e eaning only when\n+00011ea0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 206f 6e65 followed by one\n+00011eb0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e of the.followin\n+00011ec0: 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 3a20 e280 g characters: ..\n+00011ed0: 9824 e280 992c 20e2 8098 22e2 8099 2c20 .$..., ...\"..., \n+00011ee0: e280 985c e280 992c 206f 7220 6e65 776c ...\\..., or newl\n+00011ef0: 696e 652e 2020 4120 6261 636b 736c 6173 ine. A backslas\n+00011f00: 682d 6e65 776c 696e 650a 7061 6972 2069 h-newline.pair i\n+00011f10: 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2061 206c s treated as a l\n+00011f20: 696e 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7561 7469 6f6e ine continuation\n+00011f30: 2028 7468 6174 2069 732c 2069 7420 6973 (that is, it is\n+00011f40: 2072 656d 6f76 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 removed from th\n+00011f50: 650a 696e 7075 7420 7374 7265 616d 2061 e.input stream a\n+00011f60: 6e64 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2069 nd effectively i\n+00011f70: 676e 6f72 6564 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 gnored(1) (*note\n+00011f80: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 650a 7363 7269 Shell-like.scri\n+00011f90: 7074 696e 672d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 pting-Footnote-1\n+00011fa0: 3a3a 2929 2e20 2041 2064 6f75 626c 6520 ::)). A double \n+00011fb0: 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2071 756f quote may be quo\n+00011fc0: 7465 6420 7769 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c ted within doubl\n+00011fd0: 650a 7175 6f74 6573 2062 7920 7072 6563 e.quotes by prec\n+00011fe0: 6564 696e 6720 6974 2077 6974 6820 6120 eding it with a \n+00011ff0: 6261 636b 736c 6173 682e 0a0a 5661 7269 backslash...Vari\n+00012000: 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 0a3d able expansion.=\n+00012010: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00012020: 3d0a 0a54 6865 20e2 8098 24e2 8099 2063 =..The ...$... c\n+00012030: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2069 6e74 726f 6475 haracter introdu\n+00012040: 6365 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 ces variable exp\n+00012050: 616e 7369 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 ansion. The var\n+00012060: 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f0a 6265 iable name to.be\n+00012070: 2065 7870 616e 6465 6420 6d61 7920 6265 expanded may be\n+00012080: 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 696e 2062 7261 enclosed in bra\n+00012090: 6365 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 206f ces, which are o\n+000120a0: 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 7365 7276 ptional but serv\n+000120b0: 6520 746f 0a70 726f 7465 6374 2074 6865 e to.protect the\n+000120c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2062 6520 variable to be \n+000120d0: 6578 7061 6e64 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6368 expanded from ch\n+000120e0: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 aracters immedia\n+000120f0: 7465 6c79 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 tely.following i\n+00012100: 7420 7768 6963 6820 636f 756c 6420 6265 t which could be\n+00012110: 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 interpreted as \n+00012120: 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 part of the name\n+00012130: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 2076 6172 ... Normal var\n+00012140: 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 iable names begi\n+00012150: 6e20 7769 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7068 6162 n with an alphab\n+00012160: 6574 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 etic character, \n+00012170: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a 7a65 726f followed by.zero\n+00012180: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2061 6c70 6861 6e75 or more alphanu\n+00012190: 6d65 7269 6320 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 meric characters\n+000121a0: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206e 616d 6573 2072 . These names r\n+000121b0: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 656e 7472 6965 7320 efer to entries \n+000121c0: 696e 0a74 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 in.the GRUB envi\n+000121d0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 ronment (*note E\n+000121e0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 292e 0a0a nvironment::)...\n+000121f0: 2020 2050 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7661 Positional va\n+00012200: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2063 6f6e riable names con\n+00012210: 7369 7374 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d sist of one or m\n+00012220: 6f72 6520 6469 6769 7473 2e20 2054 6865 ore digits. The\n+00012230: 790a 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 7261 y.represent para\n+00012240: 6d65 7465 7273 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f meters passed to\n+00012250: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c 732c function calls,\n+00012260: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2072 with ...$1... r\n+00012270: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 696e 670a 7468 6520 epresenting.the \n+00012280: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c first parameter,\n+00012290: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 and so on... \n+000122a0: 5468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 The special vari\n+000122b0: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 e280 983f e280 able name ...?..\n+000122c0: 9920 6578 7061 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 . expands to the\n+000122d0: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 exit status of \n+000122e0: 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c the most.recentl\n+000122f0: 7920 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 y executed comma\n+00012300: 6e64 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 nd. When positi\n+00012310: 6f6e 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 onal variable na\n+00012320: 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a mes are active,.\n+00012330: 6f74 6865 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 other special va\n+00012340: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 20e2 8098 riable names ...\n+00012350: 40e2 8099 2c20 e280 982a e280 9920 616e @..., ...*... an\n+00012360: 6420 e280 9823 e280 9920 6172 6520 6465 d ...#... are de\n+00012370: 6669 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 fined and they.e\n+00012380: 7870 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 xpand to all pos\n+00012390: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 itional paramete\n+000123a0: 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 rs with necessar\n+000123b0: 7920 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 y quoting, posit\n+000123c0: 696f 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ional.parameters\n+000123d0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f without any quo\n+000123e0: 7469 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 ting, and positi\n+000123f0: 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 onal parameter c\n+00012400: 6f75 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c ount.respectivel\n+00012410: 792e 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d y...Comments.===\n+00012420: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 =====..A word be\n+00012430: 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 ginning with ...\n+00012440: 23e2 8099 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 #... causes that\n+00012450: 2077 6f72 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 word and all re\n+00012460: 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 maining characte\n+00012470: 7273 0a6f 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 rs.on that line \n+00012480: 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a to be ignored...\n+00012490: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Simple commands.\n+000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000124b0: 0a41 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d .A ...simple com\n+000124c0: 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 2061 2073 6571 mand... is a seq\n+000124d0: 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 uence of words s\n+000124e0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 eparated by spac\n+000124f0: 6573 206f 7220 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 es or tabs.and t\n+00012500: 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 erminated by a s\n+00012510: 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 emicolon or a ne\n+00012520: 776c 696e 652e 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 wline. The firs\n+00012530: 7420 776f 7264 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 t word specifies\n+00012540: 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 .the command to \n+00012550: 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 be executed. Th\n+00012560: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 e remaining word\n+00012570: 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 s are passed as \n+00012580: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 arguments.to the\n+00012590: 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 invoked command\n+000125a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e ... The return\n+000125b0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 7369 6d70 value of a simp\n+000125c0: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6974 le command is it\n+000125d0: 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 2020 s exit status. \n+000125e0: 4966 2074 6865 0a72 6573 6572 7665 6420 If the.reserved \n+000125f0: 776f 7264 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2070 7265 word ...!... pre\n+00012600: 6365 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e cedes the comman\n+00012610: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7475 d, then the retu\n+00012620: 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 696e 7374 rn value is inst\n+00012630: 6561 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 ead.the logical \n+00012640: 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 negation of the \n+00012650: 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 2073 command's exit s\n+00012660: 7461 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 tatus...Compound\n+00012670: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.======\n+00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 ===========..A .\n+00012690: 809c 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..compound comma\n+000126a0: 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 nd... is one of \n+000126b0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a the following:..\n+000126c0: 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 for NAME in WORD\n+000126d0: 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 ...; do LIST; d\n+000126e0: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 one. The lis\n+000126f0: 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f t of words follo\n+00012700: 7769 6e67 20e2 8098 696e e280 9920 6973 wing ...in... is\n+00012710: 2065 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 expanded, gener\n+00012720: 6174 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a ating a list of.\n+00012730: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 items. The\n+00012740: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 variable NAME i\n+00012750: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c s set to each el\n+00012760: 656d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 ement of this li\n+00012770: 7374 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c st in. turn,\n+00012780: 2061 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 and LIST is exe\n+00012790: 6375 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e cuted each time.\n+000127a0: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c The return val\n+000127b0: 7565 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 ue is the exit. \n+000127c0: 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 status of th\n+000127d0: 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 e last command t\n+000127e0: 6861 7420 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 hat executes. I\n+000127f0: 6620 7468 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 f the expansion \n+00012800: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d of the. item\n+00012810: 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e280 9869 s following ...i\n+00012820: 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 n... results in \n+00012830: 616e 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e an empty list, n\n+00012840: 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 o commands are. \n+00012850: 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e executed, an\n+00012860: 6420 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 d the return sta\n+00012870: 7475 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 tus is 0...if LI\n+00012880: 5354 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b ST; then LIST; [\n+00012890: 656c 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 elif LIST; then \n+000128a0: 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 LIST;] ... [else\n+000128b0: 204c 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 LIST;] fi. \n+000128c0: 5468 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 204c 4953 The ...if... LIS\n+000128d0: 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2077 T is executed, w\n+000128e0: 6865 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 2061 2073 here LIST is a s\n+000128f0: 6572 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 eries of ...simp\n+00012900: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 le. command.\n+00012910: 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ..s separated by\n+00012920: 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 6974 7320 a \";\". If its \n+00012930: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 exit status of t\n+00012940: 6865 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d he last. com\n+00012950: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 mand is zero, th\n+00012960: 6520 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 e ...then... LIS\n+00012970: 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 T is executed. \n+00012980: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2065 6163 680a Otherwise, each.\n+00012990: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656c 6966 e280 9920 ...elif... \n+000129a0: 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 LIST is executed\n+000129b0: 2069 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 616e 6420 6966 in turn, and if\n+000129c0: 2069 7473 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e its last comman\n+000129d0: 6427 7320 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 d's exit. st\n+000129e0: 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 atus is zero, th\n+000129f0: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e corresponding \n+00012a00: e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 ...then... LIST \n+00012a10: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 is executed and \n+00012a20: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the. command\n+00012a30: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e20 204f 7468 completes. Oth\n+00012a40: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9865 erwise, the ...e\n+00012a50: 6c73 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 lse... LIST is e\n+00012a60: 7865 6375 7465 642c 2069 660a 2020 2020 xecuted, if. \n+00012a70: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2065 present. The e\n+00012a80: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7468 xit status is th\n+00012a90: 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 e exit status of\n+00012aa0: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e the last comman\n+00012ab0: 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c d. executed,\n+00012ac0: 206f 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 or zero if no c\n+00012ad0: 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 6420 ondition tested \n+00012ae0: 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e true...while CON\n+00012af0: 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 D; do LIST; done\n+00012b00: 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 .until COND; do \n+00012b10: 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 LIST; done. \n+00012b20: 5468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 The ...while... \n+00012b30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e 756f command continuo\n+00012b40: 7573 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 usly executes th\n+00012b50: 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 5420 e ...do... LIST \n+00012b60: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 2020 2020 as long as. \n+00012b70: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the last command\n+00012b80: 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 7572 6e73 in COND returns\n+00012b90: 2061 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 an exit status \n+00012ba0: 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 2043 of zero, where C\n+00012bb0: 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6120 6c69 OND. is a li\n+00012bc0: 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d 706c 6520 st of ...simple \n+00012bd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 command...s sepa\n+00012be0: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 rated by a \";\". \n+00012bf0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 The ...until...\n+00012c00: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 . command is\n+00012c10: 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 identical to th\n+00012c20: 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f e ...while... co\n+00012c30: 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 mmand, except th\n+00012c40: 6174 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a 2020 2020 at the test. \n+00012c50: 2069 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 is negated; the\n+00012c60: 20e2 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 ...do... LIST i\n+00012c70: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f s executed as lo\n+00012c80: 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 ng as the last c\n+00012c90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2043 ommand. in C\n+00012ca0: 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f OND returns a no\n+00012cb0: 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 n-zero exit stat\n+00012cc0: 7573 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 us. The exit st\n+00012cd0: 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 atus of the. \n+00012ce0: 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 ...while... and\n+00012cf0: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d ...until... com\n+00012d00: 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 mands is the exi\n+00012d10: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 t status of the \n+00012d20: 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 990a 2020 last ...do.... \n+00012d30: 2020 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 LIST command \n+00012d40: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 executed, or zer\n+00012d50: 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 o if none was ex\n+00012d60: 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f ecuted...functio\n+00012d70: 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 n NAME { COMMAND\n+00012d80: 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ; ... }. Thi\n+00012d90: 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 s defines a func\n+00012da0: 7469 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e tion named NAME.\n+00012db0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d The ...body...\n+00012dc0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e of the function\n+00012dd0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 is. the lis\n+00012de0: 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 t of commands wi\n+00012df0: 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 thin braces, eac\n+00012e00: 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 h of which must \n+00012e10: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 be. terminat\n+00012e20: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f ed with a semico\n+00012e30: 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 lon or a newline\n+00012e40: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 . This list of \n+00012e50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 commands. wi\n+00012e60: 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 ll be executed w\n+00012e70: 6865 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 henever NAME is \n+00012e80: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 specified as the\n+00012e90: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c name of a simpl\n+00012ea0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 e. command. \n+00012eb0: 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 Function defini\n+00012ec0: 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 tions do not aff\n+00012ed0: 6563 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 ect the exit sta\n+00012ee0: 7475 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 tus in. ...$\n+00012ef0: 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6563 ?.... When exec\n+00012f00: 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 uted, the exit s\n+00012f10: 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e 6374 tatus of a funct\n+00012f20: 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 740a ion is the exit.\n+00012f30: 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 status of t\n+00012f40: 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 he last command \n+00012f50: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 executed in the \n+00012f60: 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 body...menuentry\n+00012f70: 2054 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d 2d63 6c61 TITLE [...--cla\n+00012f80: 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d ss=class... ...]\n+00012f90: 205b e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 [...--users=use\n+00012fa0: 7273 e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d75 6e72 rs...] [...--unr\n+00012fb0: 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 estricted...] [.\n+00012fc0: 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 ..--hotkey=key..\n+00012fd0: 995d 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d 6964 e280 .] [...--id=id..\n+00012fe0: 995d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e .] { COMMAND; ..\n+00012ff0: 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d . }. *Note m\n+00013000: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 enuentry::...Bui\n+00013010: 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d lt-in Commands.=\n+00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00013030: 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 ..Some built-in \n+00013040: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 commands are als\n+00013050: 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 o provided by GR\n+00013060: 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c UB script to hel\n+00013070: 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 p script.writers\n+00013080: 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 perform actions\n+00013090: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 that are otherw\n+000130a0: 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 ise not possible\n+000130b0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n+000130c0: 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f these include co\n+000130d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f mmands to jump o\n+000130e0: 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 ut of a loop wit\n+000130f0: 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c hout fully compl\n+00013100: 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a eting.it, etc...\n+00013110: 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a break [...n...].\n+00013120: 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 Exit from w\n+00013130: 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 ithin a ...for..\n+00013140: 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 ., ...while..., \n+00013150: 6f72 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c or ...until... l\n+00013160: 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 oop. If ...n...\n+00013170: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 is. specifi\n+00013180: 6564 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 986e e280 ed, break ...n..\n+00013190: 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 . levels. ...n.\n+000131a0: 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 .. must be great\n+000131b0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c er than or equal\n+000131c0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 6620 to. 1. If \n+000131d0: e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 7265 6174 ...n... is great\n+000131e0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 er than the numb\n+000131f0: 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 er of enclosing \n+00013200: 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 loops, all. \n+00013210: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 enclosing loops \n+00013220: 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 are exited. The\n+00013230: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 return value is\n+00013240: 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 986e e280 0 unless ...n..\n+00013250: 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 . is. not gr\n+00013260: 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 eater than or eq\n+00013270: 7561 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 ual to 1...conti\n+00013280: 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 nue [...n...]. \n+00013290: 2020 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 Resume the ne\n+000132a0: 7874 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 xt iteration of \n+000132b0: 7468 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 e280 the enclosing ..\n+000132c0: 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c .for..., ...whil\n+000132d0: 65e2 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 e... or. ...\n+000132e0: 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 until... loop. \n+000132f0: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 7370 If ...n... is sp\n+00013300: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 ecified, resume \n+00013310: 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 at the ...n...th\n+00013320: 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 enclosing. \n+00013330: 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d loop. ...n... m\n+00013340: 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ust be greater t\n+00013350: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 han or equal to \n+00013360: 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 1. If ...n... i\n+00013370: 7320 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 s greater. t\n+00013380: 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f han the number o\n+00013390: 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 f enclosing loop\n+000133a0: 732c 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c s, the last encl\n+000133b0: 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a osing loop (the.\n+000133c0: 2020 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d 6c65 7665 ...top-leve\n+000133d0: 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 l... loop) is re\n+000133e0: 7375 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 sumed. The retu\n+000133f0: 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e rn value is 0 un\n+00013400: 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a less ...n... is.\n+00013410: 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 6572 not greater\n+00013420: 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 than or equal t\n+00013430: 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b e280 o 1...return [..\n+00013440: 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 .n...]. Caus\n+00013450: 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f es a function to\n+00013460: 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 exit with the r\n+00013470: 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 eturn value spec\n+00013480: 6966 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 ified by ...n...\n+00013490: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 .. If ...n..\n+000134a0: 9920 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 . is omitted, th\n+000134b0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 e return status \n+000134c0: 6973 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c is that of the l\n+000134d0: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 ast command. \n+000134e0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 executed in the\n+000134f0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 function body. \n+00013500: 2049 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 If used outside\n+00013510: 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a a function the.\n+00013520: 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 return stat\n+00013530: 7573 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 us is false...se\n+00013540: 7470 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 tparams [...arg.\n+00013550: 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6570 ..] .... Rep\n+00013560: 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 lace positional \n+00013570: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 7274 parameters start\n+00013580: 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2431 e280 ing with ...$1..\n+00013590: 9920 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 . with arguments\n+000135a0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7470 to. ...setp\n+000135b0: 6172 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 arams......shift\n+000135c0: 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 [...n...]. \n+000135d0: 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 The positional p\n+000135e0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 arameters from .\n+000135f0: 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 ..n...+1 ... are\n+00013600: 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 renamed to ...$\n+00013610: 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 1........ Pa\n+00013620: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 rameters represe\n+00013630: 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 nted by the numb\n+00013640: 6572 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 ers ...$#... dow\n+00013650: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992d e280 n to ...$#...-..\n+00013660: 986e e280 992b 3120 6172 650a 2020 2020 .n...+1 are. \n+00013670: 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 unset. ...n...\n+00013680: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e must be a non-n\n+00013690: 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c egative number l\n+000136a0: 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 ess than or equa\n+000136b0: 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 23e2 l to. ...$#.\n+000136c0: 8099 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 ... If ...n... \n+000136d0: 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 is 0, no paramet\n+000136e0: 6572 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e ers are changed.\n+000136f0: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 If ...n... is \n+00013700: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 not. given, \n+00013710: 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f it is assumed to\n+00013720: 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 be 1. If ...n.\n+00013730: 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 .. is greater th\n+00013740: 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c 2074 6865 an ...$#..., the\n+00013750: 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c . positional\n+00013760: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 parameters are \n+00013770: 6e6f 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 not changed. Th\n+00013780: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 e return status \n+00013790: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 is. greater \n+000137a0: 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 than zero if ...\n+000137b0: 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 n... is greater \n+000137c0: 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 9920 6f72 than ...$#... or\n+000137d0: 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f3b less than zero;\n+000137e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 . otherwise \n+000137f0: 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 0.....File: grub\n+00013800: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 .info, Node: Sh\n+00013810: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n+00013820: 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 ng-Footnotes, U\n+00013830: 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 p: Shell-like sc\n+00013840: 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 ripting.. (1) \n+00013850: 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 636b Currently a back\n+00013860: 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 7061 slash-newline pa\n+00013870: 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 7269 ir within a vari\n+00013880: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e 6f74 able name is not\n+00013890: 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 726c .handled properl\n+000138a0: 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 2066 y, so use this f\n+000138b0: 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f 6d65 eature with some\n+000138c0: 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 care.....File: \n+000138d0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000138e0: 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e : Multi-boot man\n+000138f0: 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 ual config, Nex\n+00013900: 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 t: Embedded conf\n+00013910: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 iguration, Prev\n+00013920: 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 : Shell-like scr\n+00013930: 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e ipting, Up: Con\n+00013940: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 figuration..6.4 \n+00013950: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n+00013960: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l config.=======\n 00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00013980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 =======..Current\n-00013990: 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e ly autogeneratin\n-000139a0: 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 g config files f\n-000139b0: 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e or multi-boot en\n-000139c0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e vironments.depen\n-000139d0: 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 ds on os-prober \n-000139e0: 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 and has several \n-000139f0: 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 shortcomings. D\n-00013a00: 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 ue to that it is\n-00013a10: 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 .disabled by def\n-00013a20: 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 ault. It is adv\n-00013a30: 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 ised to use the \n-00013a40: 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 power of GRUB sy\n-00013a50: 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 ntax and.do it y\n-00013a60: 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 ourself. A poss\n-00013a70: 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ible configurati\n-00013a80: 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 on is detailed h\n-00013a90: 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 ere, feel free t\n-00013aa0: 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 o.adjust to your\n-00013ab0: 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 needs... Firs\n-00013ac0: 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 t create a separ\n-00013ad0: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 ate GRUB partiti\n-00013ae0: 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 on, big enough t\n-00013af0: 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d o hold GRUB. Som\n-00013b00: 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 e.of the followi\n-00013b10: 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 ng entries show \n-00013b20: 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 how to load OS i\n-00013b30: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 nstaller images \n-00013b40: 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 from this.same p\n-00013b50: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 artition, for th\n-00013b60: 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 at you obviously\n-00013b70: 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 need to make th\n-00013b80: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 e partition larg\n-00013b90: 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 e.enough to hold\n-00013ba0: 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 those images as\n-00013bb0: 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 well. Mount th\n-00013bc0: 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f is partition on/\n-00013bd0: 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 mnt/boot.and dis\n-00013be0: 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c able GRUB in all\n-00013bf0: 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c OSes and manual\n-00013c00: 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d ly install self-\n-00013c10: 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a compiled latest.\n-00013c20: 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 GRUB with:.. .\n-00013c30: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d ..grub-install -\n-00013c40: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n-00013c50: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 /mnt/boot /dev/s\n-00013c60: 6461 e280 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c da..... In all\n-00013c70: 2074 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c the OSes instal\n-00013c80: 6c20 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 l GRUB tools but\n-00013c90: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c disable install\n-00013ca0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 ing GRUB in.boot\n-00013cb0: 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c sector, so you'l\n-00013cc0: 6c20 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 l have menu.lst \n-00013cd0: 616e 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 and grub.cfg ava\n-00013ce0: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a ilable for use..\n-00013cf0: 416c 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d Also disable os-\n-00013d00: 7072 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 prober use by se\n-00013d10: 7474 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 4752 tting:.. ...GR\n-00013d20: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 UB_DISABLE_OS_PR\n-00013d30: 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 OBER=true..... \n-00013d40: 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 in /etc/default\n-00013d50: 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 /grub.. Then w\n-00013d60: 7269 7465 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 rite a grub.cfg \n-00013d70: 282f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f (/mnt/boot/grub/\n-00013d80: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 grub.cfg):... \n-00013d90: 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 menuentry \"OS \n-00013da0: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 using grub2\" {. \n-00013db0: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 insmod xf\n-00013dc0: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 s. search\n-00013dd0: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n-00013de0: 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 bel OS1 --hint h\n-00013df0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos8. \n-00013e00: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f configfile /bo\n-00013e10: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n-00013e20: 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 . }.. me\n-00013e30: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e nuentry \"OS usin\n-00013e40: 6720 6772 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 g grub2-legacy\" \n-00013e50: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 {. insmod\n-00013e60: 2065 7874 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 ext2. se\n-00013e70: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n-00013e80: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 --label OS2 --hi\n-00013e90: 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 nt hd0,msdos6. \n-00013ea0: 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e legacy_con\n-00013eb0: 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 figfile /boot/gr\n-00013ec0: 7562 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 ub/menu.lst. \n-00013ed0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n-00013ee0: 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 ry \"Windows XP\" \n-00013ef0: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 {. insmod\n-00013f00: 206e 7466 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 ntfs. se\n-00013f10: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n-00013f20: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f --label WINDOWS_\n-00013f30: 5850 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 XP --hint hd0,ms\n-00013f40: 646f 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c dos1. ntl\n-00013f50: 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d dr /ntldr. }\n-00013f60: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-00013f70: 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 \"Windows 7\" {. \n-00013f80: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 insmod nt\n-00013f90: 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 fs. searc\n-00013fa0: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c h --set=root --l\n-00013fb0: 6162 656c 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d abel WINDOWS_7 -\n-00013fc0: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 -hint hd0,msdos2\n-00013fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f . ntldr /\n-00013fe0: 626f 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a bootmgr. }..\n-00013ff0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n-00014000: 4672 6565 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 FreeBSD\" {. \n-00014010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 insmod\n-00014020: 207a 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 zfs. \n-00014030: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n-00014040: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 =root --label fr\n-00014050: 6565 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 eepool --hint hd\n-00014060: 302c 6d73 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos7. \n-00014070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 kfreebsd\n-00014080: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n-00014090: 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 kernel/kernel. \n-000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 kfr\n-000140b0: 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 eebsd_module_elf\n-000140c0: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n-000140d0: 6b65 726e 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 kernel/opensolar\n-000140e0: 6973 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 is.ko. \n-000140f0: 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f kfreebsd_mo\n-00014100: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 dule_elf /freebs\n-00014110: 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a d@/boot/kernel/z\n-00014120: 6673 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fs.ko. \n-00014130: 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f kfreebsd_mo\n-00014140: 6475 6c65 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 dule /freebsd@/b\n-00014150: 6f6f 742f 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 oot/zfs/zpool.ca\n-00014160: 6368 6520 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a che type=/boot/z\n-00014170: 6673 2f7a 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 fs/zpool.cache. \n-00014180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n-00014190: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 t kFreeBSD.vfs.r\n-000141a0: 6f6f 742e 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 oot.mountfrom=zf\n-000141b0: 733a 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 s:freepool/freeb\n-000141c0: 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sd. \n-000141d0: 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 set kFreeBSD.h\n-000141e0: 772e 7073 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f w.psm.synaptics_\n-000141f0: 7375 7070 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d support=1. }\n-00014200: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-00014210: 2022 6578 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 \"experimental G\n-00014220: 5255 4222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 RUB\" {. \n-00014230: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n-00014240: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n-00014250: 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c GRUB --hint hd0,\n-00014260: 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 msdos5. \n-00014270: 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 multiboot \n-00014280: 2f65 7870 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 /experimental/gr\n-00014290: 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e ub/i386-pc/core.\n-000142a0: 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 img. }.. \n-000142b0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f menuentry \"Fedo\n-000142c0: 7261 2031 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 ra 16 installer\"\n-000142d0: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-000142e0: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n-000142f0: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 oot --label GRUB\n-00014300: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n-00014310: 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s5. \n-00014320: 2020 6c69 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f linux /fedora/\n-00014330: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f vmlinuz lang=en_\n-00014340: 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 US keymap=sg res\n-00014350: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 olution=1280x800\n-00014360: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00014370: 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 initrd /fedora/i\n-00014380: 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d nitrd.img. }\n-00014390: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-000143a0: 2022 4665 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 \"Fedora rawhide\n-000143b0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 installer\" {. \n-000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 sea\n-000143d0: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n-000143e0: 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 -label GRUB --hi\n-000143f0: 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 nt hd0,msdos5. \n-00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e lin\n-00014410: 7578 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e ux /fedora/vmlin\n-00014420: 757a 2072 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 uz repo=ftp://mi\n-00014430: 7272 6f72 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d rror.switch.ch/m\n-00014440: 6972 726f 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e irror/fedora/lin\n-00014450: 7578 2f64 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 ux/development/r\n-00014460: 6177 6869 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 awhide/x86_64 la\n-00014470: 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d ng=en_US keymap=\n-00014480: 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 sg resolution=12\n-00014490: 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 80x800. \n-000144a0: 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 initrd /fe\n-000144b0: 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a dora/initrd.img.\n-000144c0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n-000144d0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 uentry \"Debian s\n-000144e0: 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a id installer\" {.\n-000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00014500: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n-00014510: 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d --label GRUB --\n-00014520: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a hint hd0,msdos5.\n-00014530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n-00014540: 696e 7578 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 inux /debian/dis\n-00014550: 7473 2f73 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 ts/sid/main/inst\n-00014560: 616c 6c65 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 aller-amd64/curr\n-00014570: 656e 742f 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 ent/images/hd-me\n-00014580: 6469 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 dia/vmlinuz. \n-00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 initr\n-000145a0: 6420 2f64 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f d /debian/dists/\n-000145b0: 7369 642f 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c sid/main/install\n-000145c0: 6572 2d61 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 er-amd64/current\n-000145d0: 2f69 6d61 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 /images/hd-media\n-000145e0: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 /initrd.gz. \n-000145f0: 7d0a 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 }... Notes:. \n-00014600: 20e2 80a2 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f ... Argument to\n-00014610: 2073 6561 7263 6820 6166 7465 7220 2d6c search after -l\n-00014620: 6162 656c 2069 7320 4653 204c 4142 454c abel is FS LABEL\n-00014630: 2e20 596f 7520 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2075 . You can also u\n-00014640: 7365 2055 5549 4473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 se UUIDs. wi\n-00014650: 7468 202d 6673 2d75 7569 6420 5555 4944 th -fs-uuid UUID\n-00014660: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 instead of -lab\n-00014670: 656c 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 636f el LABEL. You co\n-00014680: 756c 6420 616c 736f 2075 7365 0a20 2020 uld also use. \n-00014690: 2020 6469 7265 6374 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 direct ...root\n-000146a0: 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 58e2 8099 2062 =hd0,msdosX... b\n-000146b0: 7574 2074 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2072 ut this is not r\n-000146c0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 7565 2074 ecommended due t\n-000146d0: 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 o device. na\n-000146e0: 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a me instability..\n-000146f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00014700: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 6564 fo, Node: Embed\n-00014710: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n-00014720: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d n, Prev: Multi-\n-00014730: 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 boot manual conf\n-00014740: 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 ig, Up: Configu\n-00014750: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 456d 6265 ration..6.5 Embe\n-00014760: 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 dding a configur\n-00014770: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 ation file into \n-00014780: 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d GRUB.===========\n+00013980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 =====..Currently\n+00013990: 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 autogenerating \n+000139a0: 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 config files for\n+000139b0: 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 multi-boot envi\n+000139c0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e 6473 ronments.depends\n+000139d0: 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 616e on os-prober an\n+000139e0: 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7368 d has several sh\n+000139f0: 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 7565 ortcomings. Due\n+00013a00: 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 0a64 to that it is.d\n+00013a10: 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 isabled by defau\n+00013a20: 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 6973 lt. It is advis\n+00013a30: 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706f ed to use the po\n+00013a40: 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 6e74 wer of GRUB synt\n+00013a50: 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 ax and.do it you\n+00013a60: 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 6962 rself. A possib\n+00013a70: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n+00013a80: 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 6572 is detailed her\n+00013a90: 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 6f0a e, feel free to.\n+00013aa0: 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 206e adjust to your n\n+00013ab0: 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 eeds... First \n+00013ac0: 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 create a separat\n+00013ad0: 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e e GRUB partition\n+00013ae0: 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 , big enough to \n+00013af0: 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d 650a hold GRUB. Some.\n+00013b00: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 of the following\n+00013b10: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 686f entries show ho\n+00013b20: 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 w to load OS ins\n+00013b30: 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6672 taller images fr\n+00013b40: 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 6172 om this.same par\n+00013b50: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 6174 tition, for that\n+00013b60: 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 206e you obviously n\n+00013b70: 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 eed to make the \n+00013b80: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 650a partition large.\n+00013b90: 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 enough to hold t\n+00013ba0: 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 2077 hose images as w\n+00013bb0: 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 6973 ell. Mount this\n+00013bc0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e partition on/mn\n+00013bd0: 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 6162 t/boot.and disab\n+00013be0: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c 204f le GRUB in all O\n+00013bf0: 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 Ses and manually\n+00013c00: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d 636f install self-co\n+00013c10: 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a 4752 mpiled latest.GR\n+00013c20: 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 UB with:.. ...\n+00013c30: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 grub-install --b\n+00013c40: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d oot-directory=/m\n+00013c50: 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 nt/boot /dev/sda\n+00013c60: e280 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 ..... In all t\n+00013c70: 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 he OSes install \n+00013c80: 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 GRUB tools but d\n+00013c90: 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e isable installin\n+00013ca0: 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 g GRUB in.bootse\n+00013cb0: 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 ctor, so you'll \n+00013cc0: 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e have menu.lst an\n+00013cd0: 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c d grub.cfg avail\n+00013ce0: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c able for use..Al\n+00013cf0: 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 so disable os-pr\n+00013d00: 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 ober use by sett\n+00013d10: 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 ing:.. ...GRUB\n+00013d20: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 _DISABLE_OS_PROB\n+00013d30: 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 ER=true..... i\n+00013d40: 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 n /etc/default/g\n+00013d50: 7275 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 rub.. Then wri\n+00013d60: 7465 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f te a grub.cfg (/\n+00013d70: 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 mnt/boot/grub/gr\n+00013d80: 7562 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ub.cfg):... \n+00013d90: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 menuentry \"OS us\n+00013da0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 ing grub2\" {. \n+00013db0: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a insmod xfs.\n+00013dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n+00013dd0: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n+00013de0: 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 l OS1 --hint hd0\n+00013df0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos8. \n+00013e00: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 configfile /boot\n+00013e10: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 /grub/grub.cfg. \n+00013e20: 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 }.. menu\n+00013e30: 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 entry \"OS using \n+00013e40: 6772 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a grub2-legacy\" {.\n+00013e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 insmod e\n+00013e60: 7874 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 xt2. sear\n+00013e70: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+00013e80: 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 label OS2 --hint\n+00013e90: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos6. \n+00013ea0: 2020 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 legacy_confi\n+00013eb0: 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 gfile /boot/grub\n+00013ec0: 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d /menu.lst. }\n+00013ed0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+00013ee0: 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a \"Windows XP\" {.\n+00013ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e insmod n\n+00013f00: 7466 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 tfs. sear\n+00013f10: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+00013f20: 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 label WINDOWS_XP\n+00013f30: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n+00013f40: 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 s1. ntldr\n+00013f50: 202f 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a /ntldr. }..\n+00013f60: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+00013f70: 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 Windows 7\" {. \n+00013f80: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 insmod ntfs\n+00013f90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 . search \n+00013fa0: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 --set=root --lab\n+00013fb0: 656c 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 el WINDOWS_7 --h\n+00013fc0: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 int hd0,msdos2. \n+00013fd0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f ntldr /bo\n+00013fe0: 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 otmgr. }.. \n+00013ff0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 menuentry \"Fr\n+00014000: 6565 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD\" {. \n+00014010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a insmod z\n+00014020: 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fs. \n+00014030: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n+00014040: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 oot --label free\n+00014050: 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c pool --hint hd0,\n+00014060: 6d73 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 msdos7. \n+00014070: 2020 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f kfreebsd /\n+00014080: 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 freebsd@/boot/ke\n+00014090: 726e 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 rnel/kernel. \n+000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 kfree\n+000140b0: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f bsd_module_elf /\n+000140c0: 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 freebsd@/boot/ke\n+000140d0: 726e 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 rnel/opensolaris\n+000140e0: 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .ko. \n+000140f0: 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 kfreebsd_modu\n+00014100: 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 le_elf /freebsd@\n+00014110: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 /boot/kernel/zfs\n+00014120: 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .ko. \n+00014130: 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 kfreebsd_modu\n+00014140: 6c65 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f le /freebsd@/boo\n+00014150: 742f 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 t/zfs/zpool.cach\n+00014160: 6520 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 e type=/boot/zfs\n+00014170: 2f7a 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 /zpool.cache. \n+00014180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 set \n+00014190: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f kFreeBSD.vfs.roo\n+000141a0: 742e 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a t.mountfrom=zfs:\n+000141b0: 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 freepool/freebsd\n+000141c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000141d0: 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e set kFreeBSD.hw.\n+000141e0: 7073 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 psm.synaptics_su\n+000141f0: 7070 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a pport=1. }..\n+00014200: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+00014210: 6578 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 experimental GRU\n+00014220: 4222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 B\" {. \n+00014230: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n+00014240: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 =root --label GR\n+00014250: 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 UB --hint hd0,ms\n+00014260: 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos5. \n+00014270: 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 multiboot /e\n+00014280: 7870 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 xperimental/grub\n+00014290: 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d /i386-pc/core.im\n+000142a0: 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d g. }.. m\n+000142b0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 enuentry \"Fedora\n+000142c0: 2031 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 16 installer\" {\n+000142d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000142e0: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+000142f0: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d t --label GRUB -\n+00014300: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 -hint hd0,msdos5\n+00014310: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00014320: 6c69 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d linux /fedora/vm\n+00014330: 6c69 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 linuz lang=en_US\n+00014340: 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c keymap=sg resol\n+00014350: 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 ution=1280x800. \n+00014360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n+00014370: 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 itrd /fedora/ini\n+00014380: 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a trd.img. }..\n+00014390: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+000143a0: 4665 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 Fedora rawhide i\n+000143b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 nstaller\" {. \n+000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 searc\n+000143d0: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c h --set=root --l\n+000143e0: 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 abel GRUB --hint\n+000143f0: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos5. \n+00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 linux\n+00014410: 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a /fedora/vmlinuz\n+00014420: 2072 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 repo=ftp://mirr\n+00014430: 6f72 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 or.switch.ch/mir\n+00014440: 726f 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 ror/fedora/linux\n+00014450: 2f64 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 /development/raw\n+00014460: 6869 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 hide/x86_64 lang\n+00014470: 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 =en_US keymap=sg\n+00014480: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 resolution=1280\n+00014490: 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x800. \n+000144a0: 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f initrd /fedo\n+000144b0: 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 ra/initrd.img. \n+000144c0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n+000144d0: 6e74 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 ntry \"Debian sid\n+000144e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 installer\" {. \n+000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 sea\n+00014500: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n+00014510: 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 -label GRUB --hi\n+00014520: 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 nt hd0,msdos5. \n+00014530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e lin\n+00014540: 7578 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 ux /debian/dists\n+00014550: 2f73 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c /sid/main/instal\n+00014560: 6c65 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e ler-amd64/curren\n+00014570: 742f 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 t/images/hd-medi\n+00014580: 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 a/vmlinuz. \n+00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 initrd \n+000145a0: 2f64 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 /debian/dists/si\n+000145b0: 642f 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 d/main/installer\n+000145c0: 2d61 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 -amd64/current/i\n+000145d0: 6d61 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 mages/hd-media/i\n+000145e0: 6e69 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a nitrd.gz. }.\n+000145f0: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 .. Notes:. .\n+00014600: 80a2 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 .. Argument to s\n+00014610: 6561 7263 6820 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 earch after -lab\n+00014620: 656c 2069 7320 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 el is FS LABEL. \n+00014630: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 You can also use\n+00014640: 2055 5549 4473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 UUIDs. with\n+00014650: 202d 6673 2d75 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 -fs-uuid UUID i\n+00014660: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c nstead of -label\n+00014670: 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c LABEL. You coul\n+00014680: 6420 616c 736f 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 d also use. \n+00014690: 6469 7265 6374 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d68 direct ...root=h\n+000146a0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 58e2 8099 2062 7574 d0,msdosX... but\n+000146b0: 2074 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 this is not rec\n+000146c0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 7565 2074 6f20 ommended due to \n+000146d0: 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 device. name\n+000146e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f instability....\n+000146f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00014700: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 , Node: Embedde\n+00014710: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c d configuration,\n+00014720: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f Prev: Multi-bo\n+00014730: 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 ot manual config\n+00014740: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 , Up: Configura\n+00014750: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 456d 6265 6464 tion..6.5 Embedd\n+00014760: 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ing a configurat\n+00014770: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 ion file into GR\n+00014780: 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d UB.=============\n 00014790: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147b0: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 =..GRUB supports\n-000147c0: 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e embedding a con\n-000147d0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-000147e0: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 directly into th\n-000147f0: 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 736f e core.image, so\n-00014800: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 that it is load\n-00014810: 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 656e 7465 7269 ed before enteri\n-00014820: 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e20 ng normal mode. \n-00014830: 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a75 7365 6675 6c2c This is.useful,\n-00014840: 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7768 for example, wh\n-00014850: 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7472 en it is not str\n-00014860: 6169 6768 7466 6f72 7761 7264 2074 6f20 aightforward to \n-00014870: 6669 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c0a 636f find the real.co\n-00014880: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00014890: 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6e65 , or when you ne\n-000148a0: 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6275 6720 7072 6f62 ed to debug prob\n-000148b0: 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 696e lems with loadin\n-000148c0: 6720 7468 6174 0a66 696c 652e 2020 e280 g that.file. ..\n-000148d0: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n-000148e0: 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 uses this featu\n-000148f0: 7265 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f re when it is no\n-00014900: 7420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 6973 t using BIOS dis\n-00014910: 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 k.functions or w\n-00014920: 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 hen installing t\n-00014930: 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6469 o a different di\n-00014940: 736b 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 sk from the one \n-00014950: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0ae2 8098 2f62 containing..../b\n-00014960: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 2069 6e20 oot/grub..., in \n-00014970: 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 which case it ne\n-00014980: 6564 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 eds to use the .\n-00014990: 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ..search... comm\n-000149a0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 and (*note.searc\n-000149b0: 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 20e2 8098 h::) to find ...\n-000149c0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a0a /boot/grub......\n-000149d0: 2020 2054 6f20 656d 6265 6420 6120 636f To embed a co\n-000149e0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-000149f0: 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d 63e2 , use the ...-c.\n-00014a00: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 .. option to ...\n-00014a10: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 992e grub-mkimage....\n-00014a20: 0a54 6865 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 .The file is cop\n-00014a30: 6965 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ied into the cor\n-00014a40: 6520 696d 6167 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d e image, so it m\n-00014a50: 6179 2072 6573 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 ay reside anywhe\n-00014a60: 7265 206f 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 re on the.file s\n-00014a70: 7973 7465 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 ystem, and may b\n-00014a80: 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 e removed after \n-00014a90: 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d running ...grub-\n-00014aa0: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 mkimage...... \n-00014ab0: 4166 7465 7220 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 After the embedd\n-00014ac0: 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ed configuration\n-00014ad0: 2066 696c 6520 2869 6620 616e 7929 2069 file (if any) i\n-00014ae0: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 4752 5542 s executed, GRUB\n-00014af0: 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 will.load the .\n-00014b00: 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 ..normal... modu\n-00014b10: 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c le (*note normal\n-00014b20: 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 ::), which will \n-00014b30: 7468 656e 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 7265 then read the re\n-00014b40: 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e al.configuration\n-00014b50: 2066 696c 6520 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 file from ...$p\n-00014b60: 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 refix/grub.cfg..\n-00014b70: 992e 2020 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e .. By this poin\n-00014b80: 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 t, the ...root..\n-00014b90: 990a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 ..variable will \n-00014ba0: 616c 736f 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 also have been s\n-00014bb0: 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 et to the root d\n-00014bc0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 evice name. For\n-00014bd0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a e280 9870 7265 example,....pre\n-00014be0: 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 fix... might be \n-00014bf0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 set to ...(hd0,1\n-00014c00: 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 )/boot/grub..., \n-00014c10: 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d and ...root... m\n-00014c20: 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 0ae2 ight be set to..\n-00014c30: 8098 6864 302c 31e2 8099 2e20 2054 6875 ..hd0,1.... Thu\n-00014c40: 732c 2069 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 s, in most cases\n-00014c50: 2c20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 , the embedded c\n-00014c60: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00014c70: 6520 6f6e 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 e only.needs to \n-00014c80: 7365 7420 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 set the ...prefi\n-00014c90: 78e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 x... and ...root\n-00014ca0: e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2061 ... variables, a\n-00014cb0: 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 6872 nd then drop thr\n-00014cc0: 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 206e ough to.GRUB's n\n-00014cd0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 ormal processing\n-00014ce0: 2e20 2041 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 . A typical exa\n-00014cf0: 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6973 206d 6967 mple of this mig\n-00014d00: 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 ht look like.thi\n-00014d10: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e s:.. search.\n-00014d20: 6673 5f75 7569 6420 3031 3233 3435 3637 fs_uuid 01234567\n-00014d30: 2d38 3961 622d 6364 6566 2d30 3132 332d -89ab-cdef-0123-\n-00014d40: 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 2072 6f6f 456789abcdef roo\n-00014d50: 740a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 t. set prefi\n-00014d60: 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 x=($root)/boot/g\n-00014d70: 7275 620a 0a20 2020 2854 6865 20e2 8098 rub.. (The ...\n-00014d80: 7365 6172 6368 5f66 735f 7575 6964 e280 search_fs_uuid..\n-00014d90: 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 . module must be\n-00014da0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 included in the\n-00014db0: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f 720a core image for.\n-00014dc0: 7468 6973 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 this example to \n-00014dd0: 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f work.).. In mo\n-00014de0: 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 6573 re complex cases\n-00014df0: 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 , it may be usef\n-00014e00: 756c 2074 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 6572 ul to read other\n-00014e10: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 configuration.f\n-00014e20: 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6672 iles directly fr\n-00014e30: 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 om the embedded \n-00014e40: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00014e50: 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 le. This allows\n-00014e60: 2073 7563 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 7320 such.things as \n-00014e70: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f reading files no\n-00014e80: 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 t called ...grub\n-00014e90: 2e63 6667 e280 992c 206f 7220 7265 6164 .cfg..., or read\n-00014ea0: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 ing files from a\n-00014eb0: 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 .directory other\n-00014ec0: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 than that where\n-00014ed0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 GRUB's loadable\n-00014ee0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 modules are ins\n-00014ef0: 7461 6c6c 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 talled..To do th\n-00014f00: 6973 2c20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 is, include the \n-00014f10: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n-00014f20: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 and ...normal..\n-00014f30: 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 . modules in the\n-00014f40: 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 core.image, and\n-00014f50: 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 embed a configu\n-00014f60: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 ration file that\n-00014f70: 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e uses the ...con\n-00014f80: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 figfile... comma\n-00014f90: 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 nd.to load anoth\n-00014fa0: 6572 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f er file. The fo\n-00014fb0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 llowing example \n-00014fc0: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 of this also req\n-00014fd0: 7569 7265 7320 7468 650a e280 9865 6368 uires the....ech\n-00014fe0: 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 685f o..., ...search_\n-00014ff0: 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 label..., and ..\n-00015000: 9874 6573 74e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 .test... modules\n-00015010: 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 to be included \n-00015020: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 in the core.imag\n-00015030: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e e:.. search.\n-00015040: 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 7275 6220 726f fs_label grub ro\n-00015050: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6966 205b 202d 6520 ot. if [ -e \n-00015060: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 /boot/grub/examp\n-00015070: 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 le/test1.cfg ]; \n-00015080: 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 then. se\n-00015090: 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 t prefix=($root)\n-000150a0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 /boot/grub. \n-000150b0: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f configfile /\n-000150c0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c boot/grub/exampl\n-000150d0: 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 670a 2020 2020 e/test1.cfg. \n-000150e0: 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 else. i\n-000150f0: 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 f [ -e /boot/gru\n-00015100: 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 322e b/example/test2.\n-00015110: 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 cfg ]; then. \n-00015120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 set pre\n-00015130: 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 fix=($root)/boot\n-00015140: 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 /grub. \n-00015150: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 configfile /b\n-00015160: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 oot/grub/example\n-00015170: 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 /test2.cfg. \n-00015180: 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 else. \n-00015190: 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2022 436f 756c echo \"Coul\n-000151a0: 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 6578 d not find an ex\n-000151b0: 616d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ample configurat\n-000151c0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 2020 ion file!\". \n-000151d0: 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2020 2020 6669 0a0a fi. fi..\n-000151e0: 2020 2054 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 The embedded \n-000151f0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00015200: 6c65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 le may not conta\n-00015210: 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a in menu entries.\n-00015220: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 directly, but ma\n-00015230: 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 6420 7468 656d y only read them\n-00015240: 2066 726f 6d20 656c 7365 7768 6572 6520 from elsewhere \n-00015250: 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 using ...configf\n-00015260: 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ile........File:\n-00015270: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00015280: 653a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f e: Theme file fo\n-00015290: 726d 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 rmat, Next: Net\n-000152a0: 776f 726b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6e work, Prev: Con\n-000152b0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a figuration, Up:\n-000152c0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 6669 Top..7 Theme fi\n-000152d0: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a le format.******\n-000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 *************..7\n-000152f0: 2e31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a .1 Introduction.\n-00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00015310: 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 ..The GRUB graph\n-00015320: 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 6f72 ical menu suppor\n-00015330: 7473 2074 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2063 ts themes that c\n-00015340: 616e 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 an customize the\n-00015350: 206c 6179 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 7065 layout.and appe\n-00015360: 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 arance of the GR\n-00015370: 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 UB boot menu. T\n-00015380: 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f 6e66 he theme is conf\n-00015390: 6967 7572 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 igured through a\n-000153a0: 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 .plain text file\n-000153b0: 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 that specifies \n-000153c0: 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 7468 the layout of th\n-000153d0: 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 636f e various GUI co\n-000153e0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c 7564 mponents.(includ\n-000153f0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e ing the boot men\n-00015400: 752c 2074 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f 6772 u, timeout progr\n-00015410: 6573 7320 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 6578 ess bar, and tex\n-00015420: 7420 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 0a77 t messages) as.w\n-00015430: 656c 6c20 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 6561 ell as the appea\n-00015440: 7261 6e63 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f 6c6f rance using colo\n-00015450: 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2069 rs, fonts, and i\n-00015460: 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c 6520 mages. Example \n-00015470: 6973 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 is.available in \n-00015480: 646f 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 docs/example_the\n-00015490: 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 656d me.txt..7.2 Them\n-000154a0: 6520 456c 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d e Elements.=====\n-000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 =============..7\n-000154c0: 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d .2.1 Colors.----\n-000154d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 --------..Colors\n-000154e0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n-000154f0: 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 d in several way\n-00015500: 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2048 544d 4c2d s:.. ... HTML-\n-00015510: 7374 796c 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 style \"#RRGGBB\" \n-00015520: 6f72 2022 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 or \"#RGB\" format\n-00015530: 2c20 7768 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a , where *R*, *G*\n-00015540: 2c20 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 , and *B* are. \n-00015550: 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 hexadecimal d\n-00015560: 6967 6974 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 igits (e.g., \"#8\n-00015570: 3839 3946 4622 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 899FF\"). ... a\n-00015580: 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 s comma-separate\n-00015590: 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 d decimal RGB va\n-000155a0: 6c75 6573 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 lues (e.g., \"128\n-000155b0: 2c20 3132 382c 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 , 128, 255\"). \n-000155c0: e280 a220 7769 7468 2022 5356 4720 312e ... with \"SVG 1.\n-000155d0: 3020 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 0 color names\" (\n-000155e0: 652e 672e 2c20 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 e.g., \"cornflowe\n-000155f0: 7262 6c75 6522 2920 7768 6963 6820 6d75 rblue\") which mu\n-00015600: 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 st be. speci\n-00015610: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 fied in lowercas\n-00015620: 652e 0a0a 372e 322e 3220 466f 6e74 730a e...7.2.2 Fonts.\n-00015630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 -----------..The\n-00015640: 2066 6f6e 7473 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 fonts GRUB uses\n-00015650: 2022 5046 4632 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d \"PFF2 font form\n-00015660: 6174 2220 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 at\" bitmap fonts\n-00015670: 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a73 7065 . Fonts are.spe\n-00015680: 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 6675 6c6c cified with full\n-00015690: 2066 6f6e 7420 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 4375 font names. Cu\n-000156a0: 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 rrently there is\n-000156b0: 206e 6f20 7072 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 666f no provision fo\n-000156c0: 7220 610a 7072 6566 6572 656e 6365 206c r a.preference l\n-000156d0: 6973 7420 6f66 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 ist of fonts, or\n-000156e0: 2064 6572 6976 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 666f deriving one fo\n-000156f0: 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 722e nt from another.\n-00015700: 2020 466f 6e74 7320 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 Fonts are.load\n-00015710: 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 226c 6f61 ed with the \"loa\n-00015720: 6466 6f6e 7422 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 dfont\" command i\n-00015730: 6e20 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f n GRUB (*note lo\n-00015740: 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a 292e 2020 546f 2073 adfont::). To s\n-00015750: 6565 0a74 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c ee.the list of l\n-00015760: 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732c 2065 7865 oaded fonts, exe\n-00015770: 6375 7465 2074 6865 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 cute the \"lsfont\n-00015780: 7322 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 s\" command (*not\n-00015790: 650a 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 e.lsfonts::). I\n-000157a0: 6620 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 746f 6f20 f there are too \n-000157b0: 6d61 6e79 2066 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 6669 many fonts to fi\n-000157c0: 7420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 t on screen, do \n-000157d0: 2273 6574 0a70 6167 6572 3d31 2220 6265 \"set.pager=1\" be\n-000157e0: 666f 7265 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2022 fore executing \"\n-000157f0: 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 lsfonts\"...7.2.3\n-00015800: 2050 726f 6772 6573 7320 4261 720a 2d2d Progress Bar.--\n-00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015820: 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e31 0a46 6967 ..Figure 7.1.Fig\n-00015830: 7572 6520 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 ure 7.2.Progress\n-00015840: 2062 6172 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 bars are used t\n-00015850: 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 o display the re\n-00015860: 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 maining time bef\n-00015870: 6f72 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 ore GRUB boots.t\n-00015880: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he default menu \n-00015890: 656e 7472 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 entry. To creat\n-000158a0: 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 e a progress bar\n-000158b0: 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c that will displ\n-000158c0: 6179 2074 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 ay the.remaining\n-000158d0: 2074 696d 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 time before aut\n-000158e0: 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d omatic boot, sim\n-000158f0: 706c 7920 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 ply create a \"pr\n-00015900: 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 ogress_bar\".comp\n-00015910: 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 onent with the i\n-00015920: 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e d \"__timeout__\".\n-00015930: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 This indicates\n-00015940: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 to GRUB that th\n-00015950: 650a 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 e.progress bar s\n-00015960: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 hould be updated\n-00015970: 2061 7320 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c as time passes,\n-00015980: 2061 6e64 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 and it should b\n-00015990: 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 e made.invisible\n-000159a0: 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 if the countdow\n-000159b0: 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 n to automatic b\n-000159c0: 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 oot is interrupt\n-000159d0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a ed by the user..\n-000159e0: 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 . Progress bar\n-000159f0: 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 s may optionally\n-00015a00: 2068 6176 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c have text displ\n-00015a10: 6179 6564 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 ayed on them. T\n-00015a20: 6869 7320 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 his text.is cont\n-00015a30: 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 rolled by variab\n-00015a40: 6c65 2022 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 le \"text\" which \n-00015a50: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 contains a print\n-00015a60: 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a f template with.\n-00015a70: 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e the only argumen\n-00015a80: 7420 2564 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 t %d is the numb\n-00015a90: 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 er of seconds re\n-00015aa0: 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 maining. Additi\n-00015ab0: 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 onally.special v\n-00015ac0: 616c 7565 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f alues \"@TIMEOUT_\n-00015ad0: 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f NOTIFICATION_SHO\n-00015ae0: 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f RT@\",.\"@TIMEOUT_\n-00015af0: 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 NOTIFICATION_MID\n-00015b00: 444c 4540 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 DLE@\", \"@TIMEOUT\n-00015b10: 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f _NOTIFICATION_LO\n-00015b20: 4e47 4022 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 NG@\" are.replace\n-00015b30: 6420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 d with standard \n-00015b40: 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 and translated t\n-00015b50: 656d 706c 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 emplates...7.2.4\n-00015b60: 2043 6972 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 Circular Progre\n-00015b70: 7373 2049 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d ss Indicator.---\n+000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000147b0: 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2065 .GRUB supports e\n+000147c0: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 mbedding a confi\n+000147d0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6469 guration file di\n+000147e0: 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 rectly into the \n+000147f0: 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2074 core.image, so t\n+00014800: 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 hat it is loaded\n+00014810: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 656e 7465 7269 6e67 before entering\n+00014820: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 normal mode. T\n+00014830: 6869 7320 6973 0a75 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 his is.useful, f\n+00014840: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7768 656e or example, when\n+00014850: 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7472 6169 it is not strai\n+00014860: 6768 7466 6f72 7761 7264 2074 6f20 6669 ghtforward to fi\n+00014870: 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 nd the real.conf\n+00014880: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 iguration file, \n+00014890: 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 or when you need\n+000148a0: 2074 6f20 6465 6275 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 to debug proble\n+000148b0: 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 ms with loading \n+000148c0: 7468 6174 0a66 696c 652e 2020 e280 9867 that.file. ...g\n+000148d0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 rub-install... u\n+000148e0: 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 ses this feature\n+000148f0: 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 when it is not \n+00014900: 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a using BIOS disk.\n+00014910: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 6865 functions or whe\n+00014920: 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 n installing to \n+00014930: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6469 736b a different disk\n+00014940: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 636f from the one co\n+00014950: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f ntaining..../boo\n+00014960: 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 2069 6e20 7768 t/grub..., in wh\n+00014970: 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 ich case it need\n+00014980: 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 s to use the ...\n+00014990: 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e search... comman\n+000149a0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a d (*note.search:\n+000149b0: 3a29 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 :) to find .../b\n+000149c0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 oot/grub...... \n+000149d0: 2054 6f20 656d 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 To embed a conf\n+000149e0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 iguration file, \n+000149f0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d 63e2 8099 use the ...-c...\n+00014a00: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 option to ...gr\n+00014a10: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a54 ub-mkimage.....T\n+00014a20: 6865 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 he file is copie\n+00014a30: 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 d into the core \n+00014a40: 696d 6167 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 image, so it may\n+00014a50: 2072 6573 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 reside anywhere\n+00014a60: 206f 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 on the.file sys\n+00014a70: 7465 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 tem, and may be \n+00014a80: 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 removed after ru\n+00014a90: 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b nning ...grub-mk\n+00014aa0: 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 image...... Af\n+00014ab0: 7465 7220 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 ter the embedded\n+00014ac0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00014ad0: 696c 6520 2869 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 ile (if any) is \n+00014ae0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 executed, GRUB w\n+00014af0: 696c 6c0a 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ill.load the ...\n+00014b00: 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 normal... module\n+00014b10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a (*note normal::\n+00014b20: 292c 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7468 ), which will th\n+00014b30: 656e 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c en read the real\n+00014b40: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 .configuration f\n+00014b50: 696c 6520 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 7265 ile from ...$pre\n+00014b60: 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e fix/grub.cfg....\n+00014b70: 2020 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e 742c By this point,\n+00014b80: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a the ...root....\n+00014b90: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c variable will al\n+00014ba0: 736f 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 so have been set\n+00014bb0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 to the root dev\n+00014bc0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 ice name. For e\n+00014bd0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a e280 9870 7265 6669 xample,....prefi\n+00014be0: 78e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 x... might be se\n+00014bf0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f t to ...(hd0,1)/\n+00014c00: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e boot/grub..., an\n+00014c10: 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 6967 d ...root... mig\n+00014c20: 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 ht be set to....\n+00014c30: 6864 302c 31e2 8099 2e20 2054 6875 732c hd0,1.... Thus,\n+00014c40: 2069 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 in most cases, \n+00014c50: 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e the embedded con\n+00014c60: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+00014c70: 6f6e 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 only.needs to se\n+00014c80: 7420 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 t the ...prefix.\n+00014c90: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 .. and ...root..\n+00014ca0: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 . variables, and\n+00014cb0: 2074 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 then drop throu\n+00014cc0: 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 gh to.GRUB's nor\n+00014cd0: 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 mal processing. \n+00014ce0: 2041 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 A typical examp\n+00014cf0: 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6973 206d 6967 6874 le of this might\n+00014d00: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a look like.this:\n+00014d10: 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 .. search.fs\n+00014d20: 5f75 7569 6420 3031 3233 3435 3637 2d38 _uuid 01234567-8\n+00014d30: 3961 622d 6364 6566 2d30 3132 332d 3435 9ab-cdef-0123-45\n+00014d40: 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 6789abcdef root.\n+00014d50: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d set prefix=\n+00014d60: 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ($root)/boot/gru\n+00014d70: 620a 0a20 2020 2854 6865 20e2 8098 7365 b.. (The ...se\n+00014d80: 6172 6368 5f66 735f 7575 6964 e280 9920 arch_fs_uuid... \n+00014d90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 module must be i\n+00014da0: 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 ncluded in the c\n+00014db0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f 720a 7468 ore image for.th\n+00014dc0: 6973 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 776f is example to wo\n+00014dd0: 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 rk.).. In more\n+00014de0: 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 6573 2c20 complex cases, \n+00014df0: 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c it may be useful\n+00014e00: 2074 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 6572 2063 to read other c\n+00014e10: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c onfiguration.fil\n+00014e20: 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6672 6f6d es directly from\n+00014e30: 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f the embedded co\n+00014e40: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00014e50: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 . This allows s\n+00014e60: 7563 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 7320 7265 uch.things as re\n+00014e70: 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 ading files not \n+00014e80: 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 called ...grub.c\n+00014e90: 6667 e280 992c 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e fg..., or readin\n+00014ea0: 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 g files from a.d\n+00014eb0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 irectory other t\n+00014ec0: 6861 6e20 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 han that where G\n+00014ed0: 5255 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d RUB's loadable m\n+00014ee0: 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 odules are insta\n+00014ef0: 6c6c 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 lled..To do this\n+00014f00: 2c20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 e280 , include the ..\n+00014f10: 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2061 .configfile... a\n+00014f20: 6e64 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 nd ...normal... \n+00014f30: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2063 modules in the c\n+00014f40: 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2065 ore.image, and e\n+00014f50: 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 mbed a configura\n+00014f60: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2075 tion file that u\n+00014f70: 7365 7320 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 ses the ...confi\n+00014f80: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 gfile... command\n+00014f90: 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 .to load another\n+00014fa0: 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c file. The foll\n+00014fb0: 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 owing example of\n+00014fc0: 2074 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 this also requi\n+00014fd0: 7265 7320 7468 650a e280 9865 6368 6fe2 res the....echo.\n+00014fe0: 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 685f 6c61 .., ...search_la\n+00014ff0: 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9874 bel..., and ...t\n+00015000: 6573 74e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 est... modules t\n+00015010: 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e o be included in\n+00015020: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 653a the core.image:\n+00015030: 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 .. search.fs\n+00015040: 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 7275 6220 726f 6f74 _label grub root\n+00015050: 0a20 2020 2020 6966 205b 202d 6520 2f62 . if [ -e /b\n+00015060: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 oot/grub/example\n+00015070: 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 7468 /test1.cfg ]; th\n+00015080: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 en. set \n+00015090: 7072 6566 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 prefix=($root)/b\n+000150a0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 oot/grub. \n+000150b0: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f configfile /bo\n+000150c0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f ot/grub/example/\n+000150d0: 7465 7374 312e 6366 670a 2020 2020 2065 test1.cfg. e\n+000150e0: 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6620 lse. if \n+000150f0: 5b20 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f [ -e /boot/grub/\n+00015100: 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 322e 6366 example/test2.cf\n+00015110: 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 g ]; then. \n+00015120: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 set prefi\n+00015130: 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 x=($root)/boot/g\n+00015140: 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rub. \n+00015150: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f configfile /boo\n+00015160: 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 t/grub/example/t\n+00015170: 6573 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 2020 est2.cfg. \n+00015180: 2020 656c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 else. \n+00015190: 2020 2020 6563 686f 2022 436f 756c 6420 echo \"Could \n+000151a0: 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 6578 616d not find an exam\n+000151b0: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n+000151c0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 2020 2020 n file!\". \n+000151d0: 2020 6669 0a20 2020 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 fi. fi.. \n+000151e0: 2054 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f The embedded co\n+000151f0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00015200: 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e may not contain\n+00015210: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 6469 menu entries.di\n+00015220: 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 rectly, but may \n+00015230: 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 6420 7468 656d 2066 only read them f\n+00015240: 726f 6d20 656c 7365 7768 6572 6520 7573 rom elsewhere us\n+00015250: 696e 6720 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c ing ...configfil\n+00015260: 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 e........File: g\n+00015270: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00015280: 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d Theme file form\n+00015290: 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f at, Next: Netwo\n+000152a0: 726b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 rk, Prev: Confi\n+000152b0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 guration, Up: T\n+000152c0: 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 op..7 Theme file\n+000152d0: 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a format.********\n+000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 ***********..7.1\n+000152f0: 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d Introduction.==\n+00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00015310: 5468 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 The GRUB graphic\n+00015320: 616c 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 al menu supports\n+00015330: 2074 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e themes that can\n+00015340: 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 206c customize the l\n+00015350: 6179 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 7065 6172 ayout.and appear\n+00015360: 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 ance of the GRUB\n+00015370: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 boot menu. The\n+00015380: 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 theme is config\n+00015390: 7572 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 ured through a.p\n+000153a0: 6c61 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 2074 lain text file t\n+000153b0: 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 hat specifies th\n+000153c0: 6520 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 7468 6520 e layout of the \n+000153d0: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 636f 6d70 various GUI comp\n+000153e0: 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e onents.(includin\n+000153f0: 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752c g the boot menu,\n+00015400: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f 6772 6573 timeout progres\n+00015410: 7320 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 6578 7420 s bar, and text \n+00015420: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 0a77 656c messages) as.wel\n+00015430: 6c20 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 6561 7261 l as the appeara\n+00015440: 6e63 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 nce using colors\n+00015450: 2c20 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 , fonts, and ima\n+00015460: 6765 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c 6520 6973 ges. Example is\n+00015470: 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 646f .available in do\n+00015480: 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 cs/example_theme\n+00015490: 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 656d 6520 .txt..7.2 Theme \n+000154a0: 456c 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Elements.=======\n+000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 ===========..7.2\n+000154c0: 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .1 Colors.------\n+000154d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 ------..Colors c\n+000154e0: 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 an be specified \n+000154f0: 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 733a in several ways:\n+00015500: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 .. ... HTML-st\n+00015510: 796c 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 yle \"#RRGGBB\" or\n+00015520: 2022 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 \"#RGB\" format, \n+00015530: 7768 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 where *R*, *G*, \n+00015540: 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 and *B* are. \n+00015550: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 hexadecimal dig\n+00015560: 6974 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 its (e.g., \"#889\n+00015570: 3946 4622 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 9FF\"). ... as \n+00015580: 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 comma-separated \n+00015590: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 decimal RGB valu\n+000155a0: 6573 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 es (e.g., \"128, \n+000155b0: 3132 382c 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 e280 128, 255\"). ..\n+000155c0: a220 7769 7468 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 . with \"SVG 1.0 \n+000155d0: 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e color names\" (e.\n+000155e0: 672e 2c20 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 g., \"cornflowerb\n+000155f0: 6c75 6522 2920 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 lue\") which must\n+00015600: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 be. specifi\n+00015610: 6564 2069 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e ed in lowercase.\n+00015620: 0a0a 372e 322e 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d ..7.2.2 Fonts.--\n+00015630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 ---------..The f\n+00015640: 6f6e 7473 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 onts GRUB uses \"\n+00015650: 5046 4632 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 PFF2 font format\n+00015660: 2220 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 \" bitmap fonts. \n+00015670: 2046 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 Fonts are.speci\n+00015680: 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 fied with full f\n+00015690: 6f6e 7420 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 ont names. Curr\n+000156a0: 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e ently there is n\n+000156b0: 6f20 7072 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 o provision for \n+000156c0: 610a 7072 6566 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 a.preference lis\n+000156d0: 7420 6f66 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 t of fonts, or d\n+000156e0: 6572 6976 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 eriving one font\n+000156f0: 2066 726f 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 from another. \n+00015700: 466f 6e74 7320 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 Fonts are.loaded\n+00015710: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 with the \"loadf\n+00015720: 6f6e 7422 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 ont\" command in \n+00015730: 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 GRUB (*note load\n+00015740: 666f 6e74 3a3a 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 font::). To see\n+00015750: 0a74 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 .the list of loa\n+00015760: 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 ded fonts, execu\n+00015770: 7465 2074 6865 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 te the \"lsfonts\"\n+00015780: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a command (*note.\n+00015790: 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 lsfonts::). If \n+000157a0: 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 there are too ma\n+000157b0: 6e79 2066 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 ny fonts to fit \n+000157c0: 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 on screen, do \"s\n+000157d0: 6574 0a70 6167 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f et.pager=1\" befo\n+000157e0: 7265 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 re executing \"ls\n+000157f0: 666f 6e74 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 fonts\"...7.2.3 P\n+00015800: 726f 6772 6573 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d rogress Bar.----\n+00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00015820: 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 Figure 7.1.Figur\n+00015830: 6520 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 e 7.2.Progress b\n+00015840: 6172 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 ars are used to \n+00015850: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 display the rema\n+00015860: 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 ining time befor\n+00015870: 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 e GRUB boots.the\n+00015880: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n+00015890: 7472 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 try. To create \n+000158a0: 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 a progress bar t\n+000158b0: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 hat will display\n+000158c0: 2074 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 the.remaining t\n+000158d0: 696d 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d ime before autom\n+000158e0: 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c atic boot, simpl\n+000158f0: 7920 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 y create a \"prog\n+00015900: 7265 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e ress_bar\".compon\n+00015910: 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 ent with the id \n+00015920: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 \"__timeout__\". \n+00015930: 5468 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 This indicates t\n+00015940: 6f20 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a o GRUB that the.\n+00015950: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f progress bar sho\n+00015960: 756c 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 uld be updated a\n+00015970: 7320 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 s time passes, a\n+00015980: 6e64 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 nd it should be \n+00015990: 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 made.invisible i\n+000159a0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 f the countdown \n+000159b0: 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f to automatic boo\n+000159c0: 7420 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 t is interrupted\n+000159d0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 by the user... \n+000159e0: 2020 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 Progress bars \n+000159f0: 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 may optionally h\n+00015a00: 6176 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 ave text display\n+00015a10: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 ed on them. Thi\n+00015a20: 7320 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f s text.is contro\n+00015a30: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 lled by variable\n+00015a40: 2022 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f \"text\" which co\n+00015a50: 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 ntains a printf \n+00015a60: 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 template with.th\n+00015a70: 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 e only argument \n+00015a80: 2564 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 %d is the number\n+00015a90: 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 of seconds rema\n+00015aa0: 696e 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e ining. Addition\n+00015ab0: 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c ally.special val\n+00015ac0: 7565 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f ues \"@TIMEOUT_NO\n+00015ad0: 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 TIFICATION_SHORT\n+00015ae0: 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f @\",.\"@TIMEOUT_NO\n+00015af0: 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c TIFICATION_MIDDL\n+00015b00: 4540 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e E@\", \"@TIMEOUT_N\n+00015b10: 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 OTIFICATION_LONG\n+00015b20: 4022 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 @\" are.replaced \n+00015b30: 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e with standard an\n+00015b40: 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d d translated tem\n+00015b50: 706c 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 plates...7.2.4 C\n+00015b60: 6972 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 ircular Progress\n+00015b70: 2049 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d Indicator.-----\n 00015b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00015ba0: 5468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f The circular pro\n-00015bb0: 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 gress indicator \n-00015bc0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 functions simila\n-00015bd0: 726c 7920 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 rly to the progr\n-00015be0: 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 ess bar..When gi\n-00015bf0: 7665 6e20 616e 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f ven an id of \"__\n-00015c00: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 timeout__\", GRUB\n-00015c10: 2075 7064 6174 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 updates the cir\n-00015c20: 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 cular progress.i\n-00015c30: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 ndicator's value\n-00015c40: 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 to indicate the\n-00015c50: 2074 696d 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e time remaining.\n-00015c60: 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6369 7263 756c For the circul\n-00015c70: 6172 0a70 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 ar.progress indi\n-00015c80: 6361 746f 722c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 cator, there are\n-00015c90: 2074 776f 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7573 6564 two images used\n-00015ca0: 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 2069 743a 2074 to render it: t\n-00015cb0: 6865 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 he *center*.imag\n-00015cc0: 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b e, and the *tick\n-00015cd0: 2a20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 * image. The ce\n-00015ce0: 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7265 nter image is re\n-00015cf0: 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 ndered in the ce\n-00015d00: 6e74 6572 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 nter.of the comp\n-00015d10: 6f6e 656e 742c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 onent, while the\n-00015d20: 2074 6963 6b20 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 tick image is u\n-00015d30: 7365 6420 746f 2072 656e 6465 7220 6561 sed to render ea\n-00015d40: 6368 206d 6172 6b20 616c 6f6e 670a 7468 ch mark along.th\n-00015d50: 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 e circumference \n-00015d60: 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 of the indicator\n-00015d70: 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e35 204c 6162 656c 730a ...7.2.5 Labels.\n-00015d80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5465 ------------..Te\n-00015d90: 7874 206c 6162 656c 7320 6361 6e20 6265 xt labels can be\n-00015da0: 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 placed on the b\n-00015db0: 6f6f 7420 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 oot screen. The\n-00015dc0: 2066 6f6e 742c 2063 6f6c 6f72 2c20 616e font, color, an\n-00015dd0: 640a 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 d.horizontal ali\n-00015de0: 676e 6d65 6e74 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 gnment can be sp\n-00015df0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f 7220 6c61 6265 ecified for labe\n-00015e00: 6c73 2e20 2049 6620 6120 6c61 6265 6c20 ls. If a label \n-00015e10: 6973 2067 6976 656e 0a74 6865 2069 6420 is given.the id \n-00015e20: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222c 2074 \"__timeout__\", t\n-00015e30: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 2274 6578 7422 2070 hen the \"text\" p\n-00015e40: 726f 7065 7274 7920 666f 7220 7468 6174 roperty for that\n-00015e50: 206c 6162 656c 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a75 label is also.u\n-00015e60: 7064 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d65 pdated with a me\n-00015e70: 7373 6167 6520 696e 666f 726d 696e 6720 ssage informing \n-00015e80: 7468 6520 7573 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 the user of the \n-00015e90: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 number of second\n-00015ea0: 730a 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 756e 7469 s.remaining unti\n-00015eb0: 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 626f 6f74 l automatic boot\n-00015ec0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 . This is usefu\n-00015ed0: 6c20 696e 2063 6173 6520 796f 7520 7761 l in case you wa\n-00015ee0: 6e74 2074 6865 0a74 6578 7420 6469 7370 nt the.text disp\n-00015ef0: 6c61 7965 6420 736f 6d65 7768 6572 6520 layed somewhere \n-00015f00: 656c 7365 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 else instead of \n-00015f10: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 directly on the \n-00015f20: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e0a 0a37 progress bar...7\n-00015f30: 2e32 2e36 2042 6f6f 7420 4d65 6e75 0a2d .2.6 Boot Menu.-\n-00015f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00015f50: 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 7768 The boot menu wh\n-00015f60: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2064 6973 706c 6179 ere GRUB display\n-00015f70: 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 s the menu entri\n-00015f80: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 2267 7275 es from the \"gru\n-00015f90: 622e 6366 6722 0a66 696c 652e 2020 4974 b.cfg\".file. It\n-00015fa0: 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6974 is a list of it\n-00015fb0: 656d 732c 2077 6865 7265 2065 6163 6820 ems, where each \n-00015fc0: 6974 656d 2068 6173 2061 2074 6974 6c65 item has a title\n-00015fd0: 2061 6e64 2061 6e0a 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c and an.optional\n-00015fe0: 2069 636f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 6963 6f6e icon. The icon\n-00015ff0: 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 6173 is selected bas\n-00016000: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 2a63 6c61 7373 ed on the *class\n-00016010: 6573 2a20 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 666f es* specified.fo\n-00016020: 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 r the menu entry\n-00016030: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 . If there is a\n-00016040: 2050 4e47 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 PNG file named \n-00016050: 226d 7963 6c61 7373 2e70 6e67 2220 696e \"myclass.png\" in\n-00016060: 2074 6865 0a22 6772 7562 2f74 6865 6d65 the.\"grub/theme\n-00016070: 732f 6963 6f6e 7322 2064 6972 6563 746f s/icons\" directo\n-00016080: 7279 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 ry, it will be d\n-00016090: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2066 6f72 2069 7465 isplayed for ite\n-000160a0: 6d73 2077 6869 6368 2068 6176 650a 7468 ms which have.th\n-000160b0: 6520 636c 6173 7320 2a6d 7963 6c61 7373 e class *myclass\n-000160c0: 2a2e 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e *. The boot men\n-000160d0: 7520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 7573 746f 6d69 u can be customi\n-000160e0: 7a65 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 zed in several w\n-000160f0: 6179 732c 0a73 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 ays,.such as the\n-00016100: 2066 6f6e 7420 616e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 font and color \n-00016110: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e used for the men\n-00016120: 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 652c 2061 u entry title, a\n-00016130: 6e64 2062 790a 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 nd by.specifying\n-00016140: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 666f styled boxes fo\n-00016150: 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 656c r the menu itsel\n-00016160: 6620 616e 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 f and for the se\n-00016170: 6c65 6374 6564 2069 7465 6d0a 6869 6768 lected item.high\n-00016180: 6c69 6768 742e 0a0a 372e 322e 3720 5374 light...7.2.7 St\n-00016190: 796c 6564 2042 6f78 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d yled Boxes.-----\n-000161a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f -------------..O\n-000161b0: 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 ne of the most i\n-000161c0: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2066 6561 7475 7265 mportant feature\n-000161d0: 7320 666f 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 696e s for customizin\n-000161e0: 6720 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 2069 7320 g the layout is \n-000161f0: 7468 6520 7573 650a 6f66 202a 7374 796c the use.of *styl\n-00016200: 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2a2e 2020 4120 7374 ed boxes*. A st\n-00016210: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f 6d70 yled box is comp\n-00016220: 6f73 6564 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 616e osed of 9 rectan\n-00016230: 6775 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e gular (and.poten\n-00016240: 7469 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 7265 tially empty) re\n-00016250: 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 gions, which are\n-00016260: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 used to seamles\n-00016270: 736c 7920 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 7479 sly draw the sty\n-00016280: 6c65 640a 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 led.box on scree\n-00016290: 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 286e n:..Northwest (n\n-000162a0: 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 7468 w) North\n-000162b0: 2028 6e29 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (n) \n-000162c0: 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e 6529 Northeast (ne)\n-000162d0: 0a57 6573 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 2020 .West (w) \n-000162e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 2028 Center (\n-000162f0: 6329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 c) E\n-00016300: 6173 7420 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 6573 ast (e).Southwes\n-00016310: 7420 2873 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 t (sw) S\n-00016320: 6f75 7468 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 2020 outh (s) \n-00016330: 2020 2020 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 7420 Southeast \n-00016340: 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 7070 (se).. To supp\n-00016350: 6f72 7420 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 ort any size of \n-00016360: 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 box on screen, t\n-00016370: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 he center slice \n-00016380: 616e 6420 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 0a66 and the slices.f\n-00016390: 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 or the top, bott\n-000163a0: 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 6172 om, and sides ar\n-000163b0: 6520 616c 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 e all scaled to \n-000163c0: 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 7a65 the correct size\n-000163d0: 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 for.the compone\n-000163e0: 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 7573 nt on screen, us\n-000163f0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e ing the followin\n-00016400: 6720 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 g rules:.. 1. T\n-00016410: 6865 2065 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 he edge slices (\n-00016420: 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 north, south, ea\n-00016430: 7374 2c20 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 st, and west) ar\n-00016440: 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a e scaled in the.\n-00016450: 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f direction o\n-00016460: 6620 7468 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 f the edge they \n-00016470: 6172 6520 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e are adjacent to.\n-00016480: 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 For instance, \n-00016490: 7468 6520 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c the west. sl\n-000164a0: 6963 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 ice is scaled ve\n-000164b0: 7274 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 rtically.. 2. T\n-000164c0: 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 6963 6573 he corner slices\n-000164d0: 2028 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 742c 206e 6f72 (northwest, nor\n-000164e0: 7468 6561 7374 2c20 736f 7574 6865 6173 theast, southeas\n-000164f0: 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 7765 7374 t, and southwest\n-00016500: 290a 2020 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 ). are not s\n-00016510: 6361 6c65 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 6520 caled.. 3. The \n-00016520: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 center slice is \n-00016530: 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 scaled to fill t\n-00016540: 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 he remaining spa\n-00016550: 6365 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d ce in the. m\n-00016560: 6964 646c 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 616e iddle... As an\n-00016570: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 686f 7720 example of how \n-00016580: 616e 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6967 6874 2062 an image might b\n-00016590: 6520 736c 6963 6564 2075 702c 2063 6f6e e sliced up, con\n-000165a0: 7369 6465 7220 7468 6520 7374 796c 6564 sider the styled\n-000165b0: 0a62 6f78 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 .box used for a \n-000165c0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2076 6965 772e 0a0a terminal view...\n-000165d0: 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e33 0a37 2e32 2e38 Figure 7.3.7.2.8\n-000165e0: 2043 7265 6174 696e 6720 5374 796c 6564 Creating Styled\n-000165f0: 2042 6f78 2049 6d61 6765 730a 2d2d 2d2d Box Images.----\n+00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00015ba0: 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 e circular progr\n+00015bb0: 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 ess indicator fu\n+00015bc0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c nctions similarl\n+00015bd0: 7920 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 y to the progres\n+00015be0: 7320 6261 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 s bar..When give\n+00015bf0: 6e20 616e 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 n an id of \"__ti\n+00015c00: 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 meout__\", GRUB u\n+00015c10: 7064 6174 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 pdates the circu\n+00015c20: 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 lar progress.ind\n+00015c30: 6963 6174 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 icator's value t\n+00015c40: 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 o indicate the t\n+00015c50: 696d 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 ime remaining. \n+00015c60: 466f 7220 7468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 For the circular\n+00015c70: 0a70 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 .progress indica\n+00015c80: 746f 722c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 tor, there are t\n+00015c90: 776f 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7573 6564 2074 wo images used t\n+00015ca0: 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 2069 743a 2074 6865 o render it: the\n+00015cb0: 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 652c *center*.image,\n+00015cc0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 and the *tick* \n+00015cd0: 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 image. The cent\n+00015ce0: 6572 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7265 6e64 er image is rend\n+00015cf0: 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 ered in the cent\n+00015d00: 6572 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e er.of the compon\n+00015d10: 656e 742c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2074 ent, while the t\n+00015d20: 6963 6b20 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 ick image is use\n+00015d30: 6420 746f 2072 656e 6465 7220 6561 6368 d to render each\n+00015d40: 206d 6172 6b20 616c 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 mark along.the \n+00015d50: 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 circumference of\n+00015d60: 2074 6865 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a the indicator..\n+00015d70: 0a37 2e32 2e35 204c 6162 656c 730a 2d2d .7.2.5 Labels.--\n+00015d80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 ----------..Text\n+00015d90: 206c 6162 656c 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2070 labels can be p\n+00015da0: 6c61 6365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f laced on the boo\n+00015db0: 7420 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2066 t screen. The f\n+00015dc0: 6f6e 742c 2063 6f6c 6f72 2c20 616e 640a ont, color, and.\n+00015dd0: 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e horizontal align\n+00015de0: 6d65 6e74 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 ment can be spec\n+00015df0: 6966 6965 6420 666f 7220 6c61 6265 6c73 ified for labels\n+00015e00: 2e20 2049 6620 6120 6c61 6265 6c20 6973 . 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It i\n+00015fa0: 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6974 656d s a list of item\n+00015fb0: 732c 2077 6865 7265 2065 6163 6820 6974 s, where each it\n+00015fc0: 656d 2068 6173 2061 2074 6974 6c65 2061 em has a title a\n+00015fd0: 6e64 2061 6e0a 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 nd an.optional i\n+00015fe0: 636f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 con. 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A styl\n+00016210: 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 ed box is compos\n+00016220: 6564 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 616e 6775 ed of 9 rectangu\n+00016230: 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 lar (and.potenti\n+00016240: 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 7265 6769 ally empty) regi\n+00016250: 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 2075 ons, which are u\n+00016260: 7365 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 736c sed to seamlessl\n+00016270: 7920 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 7479 6c65 y draw the style\n+00016280: 640a 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e3a d.box on screen:\n+00016290: 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 286e 7729 ..Northwest (nw)\n+000162a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 7468 2028 North (\n+000162b0: 6e29 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n) \n+000162c0: 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e 6529 0a57 Northeast (ne).W\n+000162d0: 6573 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 est (w) \n+000162e0: 2020 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 2028 6329 Center (c)\n+000162f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6173 Eas\n+00016300: 7420 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 6573 7420 t (e).Southwest \n+00016310: 2873 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f75 (sw) Sou\n+00016320: 7468 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th (s) \n+00016330: 2020 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 7420 2873 Southeast (s\n+00016340: 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 e).. To suppor\n+00016350: 7420 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 626f t any size of bo\n+00016360: 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 x on screen, the\n+00016370: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 616e center slice an\n+00016380: 6420 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 d the slices.for\n+00016390: 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d the top, bottom\n+000163a0: 2c20 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 6172 6520 , and sides are \n+000163b0: 616c 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 all scaled to th\n+000163c0: 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 7a65 2066 e correct size f\n+000163d0: 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 or.the component\n+000163e0: 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 7573 696e on screen, usin\n+000163f0: 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 g the following \n+00016400: 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 6865 rules:.. 1. The\n+00016410: 2065 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f edge slices (no\n+00016420: 7274 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 rth, south, east\n+00016430: 2c20 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 , and west) are \n+00016440: 7363 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 scaled in the. \n+00016450: 2020 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 direction of \n+00016460: 7468 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 the edge they ar\n+00016470: 6520 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 e adjacent to. \n+00016480: 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 For instance, th\n+00016490: 6520 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 e west. slic\n+000164a0: 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 e is scaled vert\n+000164b0: 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 ically.. 2. The\n+000164c0: 2063 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 6963 6573 2028 corner slices (\n+000164d0: 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 742c 206e 6f72 7468 northwest, north\n+000164e0: 6561 7374 2c20 736f 7574 6865 6173 742c east, southeast,\n+000164f0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 7765 7374 290a and southwest).\n+00016500: 2020 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6361 are not sca\n+00016510: 6c65 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 6520 6365 led.. 3. The ce\n+00016520: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 7363 nter slice is sc\n+00016530: 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 aled to fill the\n+00016540: 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 remaining space\n+00016550: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6964 in the. mid\n+00016560: 646c 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 616e 2065 dle... As an e\n+00016570: 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 686f 7720 616e xample of how an\n+00016580: 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 image might be \n+00016590: 736c 6963 6564 2075 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 sliced up, consi\n+000165a0: 6465 7220 7468 6520 7374 796c 6564 0a62 der the styled.b\n+000165b0: 6f78 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 7465 ox used for a te\n+000165c0: 726d 696e 616c 2076 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 rminal view...Fi\n+000165d0: 6775 7265 2037 2e33 0a37 2e32 2e38 2043 gure 7.3.7.2.8 C\n+000165e0: 7265 6174 696e 6720 5374 796c 6564 2042 reating Styled B\n+000165f0: 6f78 2049 6d61 6765 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ox Images.------\n 00016600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00016610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-00016620: 6520 496e 6b73 6361 7065 5f20 7363 616c e Inkscape_ scal\n-00016630: 6162 6c65 2076 6563 746f 7220 6772 6170 able vector grap\n-00016640: 6869 6373 2065 6469 746f 7220 6973 2061 hics editor is a\n-00016650: 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f6f very useful too\n-00016660: 6c20 666f 720a 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2073 l for.creating s\n-00016670: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 696d 6167 6573 tyled box images\n-00016680: 2e20 204f 6e65 2070 726f 6365 7373 2074 . One process t\n-00016690: 6861 7420 776f 726b 7320 7765 6c6c 2066 hat works well f\n-000166a0: 6f72 2073 6c69 6369 6e67 2061 0a64 7261 or slicing a.dra\n-000166b0: 7769 6e67 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 wing into the ne\n-000166c0: 6365 7373 6172 7920 696d 6167 6520 736c cessary image sl\n-000166d0: 6963 6573 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2043 ices is:.. 1. C\n-000166e0: 7265 6174 6520 6f72 206f 7065 6e20 7468 reate or open th\n-000166f0: 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 796f 7527 6420 e drawing you'd \n-00016700: 6c69 6b65 2075 7365 2e0a 2020 322e 2043 like use.. 2. C\n-00016710: 7265 6174 6520 6120 6e65 7720 6c61 7965 reate a new laye\n-00016720: 7220 6f6e 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f 6620 r on the top of \n-00016730: 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 7374 6163 6b2e the layer stack.\n-00016740: 2020 4d61 6b65 2069 7420 7669 7369 626c Make it visibl\n-00016750: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 e.. 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Th\n-00016820: 6520 636f 726e 6572 7320 6f66 2074 6865 e corners of the\n-00016830: 2073 6c69 6365 7320 6d75 7374 206d 6565 slices must mee\n-00016840: 7420 7072 6563 6973 656c 793b 2069 6620 t precisely; if \n-00016850: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f 6666 2062 it. is off b\n-00016860: 7920 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6978 656c y a single pixel\n-00016870: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 , it will probab\n-00016880: 6c79 2062 6520 6576 6964 656e 7420 7768 ly be evident wh\n-00016890: 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7374 796c en the. styl\n-000168a0: 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 ed box is render\n-000168b0: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d ed in the GRUB m\n-000168c0: 656e 752e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 enu. You should\n-000168d0: 2070 726f 6261 626c 7920 676f 2074 6f0a probably go to.\n-000168e0: 2020 2020 2046 696c 6520 7c20 446f 6375 File | Docu\n-000168f0: 6d65 6e74 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 ment Properties \n-00016900: 7c20 4772 6964 7320 616e 6420 656e 6162 | Grids and enab\n-00016910: 6c65 2061 2067 7269 6420 6f72 2063 7265 le a grid or cre\n-00016920: 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2067 7569 6465 ate a. guide\n-00016930: 2028 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e 206f 6e65 206f (click on one o\n-00016940: 6620 7468 6520 7275 6c65 7273 206e 6578 f the rulers nex\n-00016950: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2064 7261 7769 6e67 t to the drawing\n-00016960: 2061 6e64 2064 7261 6720 6f76 6572 0a20 and drag over. \n-00016970: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 673b the drawing;\n-00016980: 2072 656c 6561 7365 2074 6865 206d 6f75 release the mou\n-00016990: 7365 2062 7574 746f 6e20 746f 2070 6c61 se button to pla\n-000169a0: 6365 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 2920 746f ce the guide) to\n-000169b0: 2068 656c 700a 2020 2020 2070 6c61 6365 help. place\n-000169c0: 2074 6865 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 7320 the rectangles \n-000169d0: 7072 6563 6973 656c 792e 0a20 2034 2e20 precisely.. 4. \n-000169e0: 5269 6768 7420 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e 2074 Right click on t\n-000169f0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 he center slice \n-00016a00: 7265 6374 616e 676c 6520 616e 6420 6368 rectangle and ch\n-00016a10: 6f6f 7365 204f 626a 6563 740a 2020 2020 oose Object. \n-00016a20: 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 732e 2020 4368 Properties. 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Save \n-00016b00: 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 672e 0a20 2036 the drawing.. 6\n-00016b10: 2e20 5365 6c65 6374 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 . Select all the\n-00016b20: 2073 6c69 6365 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 slice rectangle\n-00016b30: 732e 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 2073 6c69 s. With the sli\n-00016b40: 6365 206c 6179 6572 2073 656c 6563 7465 ce layer selecte\n-00016b50: 642c 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 6361 6e20 d,. you can \n-00016b60: 7369 6d70 6c79 2070 7265 7373 2043 7472 simply press Ctr\n-00016b70: 6c2b 4120 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 616c l+A to select al\n-00016b80: 6c20 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2e20 2054 l rectangles. T\n-00016b90: 6865 2073 7461 7475 730a 2020 2020 2062 he status. b\n-00016ba0: 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 696e 6469 6361 ar should indica\n-00016bb0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 3920 7265 6374 616e te that 9 rectan\n-00016bc0: 676c 6573 2061 7265 2073 656c 6563 7465 gles are selecte\n-00016bd0: 642e 0a20 2037 2e20 436c 6963 6b20 7468 d.. 7. Click th\n-00016be0: 6520 6c61 7965 7220 6869 6465 2069 636f e layer hide ico\n-00016bf0: 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 736c 6963 6520 n for the slice \n-00016c00: 6c61 7965 7220 696e 2074 6865 206c 6179 layer in the lay\n-00016c10: 6572 2070 616c 6574 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 er palette.. \n-00016c20: 2054 6865 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 7320 The rectangles \n-00016c30: 7769 6c6c 2072 656d 6169 6e20 7365 6c65 will remain sele\n-00016c40: 6374 6564 2c20 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 cted, even thoug\n-00016c50: 6820 7468 6579 2061 7265 2068 6964 6465 h they are hidde\n-00016c60: 6e2e 0a20 2038 2e20 4368 6f6f 7365 2046 n.. 8. Choose F\n-00016c70: 696c 6520 7c20 4578 706f 7274 2042 6974 ile | Export Bit\n-00016c80: 6d61 7020 616e 6420 6368 6563 6b20 7468 map and check th\n-00016c90: 6520 2a42 6174 6368 2065 7870 6f72 7420 e *Batch export \n-00016ca0: 3920 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 9 selected. \n-00016cb0: 6f62 6a65 6374 732a 2062 6f78 2e20 204d objects* box. 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Componen\n-00016ef0: 7420 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 2e0a t construction..\n-00016f00: 0a37 2e33 2e31 2047 6c6f 6261 6c20 5072 .7.3.1 Global Pr\n-00016f10: 6f70 6572 7469 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d operties.-------\n-00016f20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00016f30: 0a0a 372e 332e 3220 466f 726d 6174 0a2d ..7.3.2 Format.-\n-00016f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 6c6f -----------..Glo\n-00016f50: 6261 6c20 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2061 bal properties a\n-00016f60: 7265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 re specified wit\n-00016f70: 6820 7468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 2066 6f72 h the simple for\n-00016f80: 6d61 743a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6e61 6d65 mat:. ... name\n-00016f90: 313a 2076 616c 7565 310a 2020 20e2 80a2 1: value1. ...\n-00016fa0: 206e 616d 6532 3a20 2276 616c 7565 2077 name2: \"value w\n-00016fb0: 6869 6368 206d 6179 2063 6f6e 7461 696e hich may contain\n-00016fc0: 2073 7061 6365 7322 0a20 2020 e280 a220 spaces\". ... \n-00016fd0: 6e61 6d65 333a 2023 3838 460a 0a20 2020 name3: #88F.. \n-00016fe0: 496e 2074 6869 7320 6578 616d 706c 652c In this example,\n-00016ff0: 206e 616d 6533 2069 7320 6173 7369 676e name3 is assign\n-00017000: 6564 2061 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 ed a color value\n-00017010: 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e33 2047 6c6f 6261 6c20 ...7.3.3 Global \n-00017020: 5072 6f70 6572 7479 204c 6973 740a 2d2d Property List.--\n+00016610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 ----------..The \n+00016620: 496e 6b73 6361 7065 5f20 7363 616c 6162 Inkscape_ scalab\n+00016630: 6c65 2076 6563 746f 7220 6772 6170 6869 le vector graphi\n+00016640: 6373 2065 6469 746f 7220 6973 2061 2076 cs editor is a v\n+00016650: 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f6f 6c20 ery useful tool \n+00016660: 666f 720a 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2073 7479 for.creating sty\n+00016670: 6c65 6420 626f 7820 696d 6167 6573 2e20 led box images. \n+00016680: 204f 6e65 2070 726f 6365 7373 2074 6861 One process tha\n+00016690: 7420 776f 726b 7320 7765 6c6c 2066 6f72 t works well for\n+000166a0: 2073 6c69 6369 6e67 2061 0a64 7261 7769 slicing a.drawi\n+000166b0: 6e67 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 6365 ng into the nece\n+000166c0: 7373 6172 7920 696d 6167 6520 736c 6963 ssary image slic\n+000166d0: 6573 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2043 7265 es is:.. 1. Cre\n+000166e0: 6174 6520 6f72 206f 7065 6e20 7468 6520 ate or open the \n+000166f0: 6472 6177 696e 6720 796f 7527 6420 6c69 drawing you'd li\n+00016700: 6b65 2075 7365 2e0a 2020 322e 2043 7265 ke use.. 2. Cre\n+00016710: 6174 6520 6120 6e65 7720 6c61 7965 7220 ate a new layer \n+00016720: 6f6e 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f 6620 7468 on the top of th\n+00016730: 6520 6c61 7965 7220 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 e layer stack. \n+00016740: 4d61 6b65 2069 7420 7669 7369 626c 652e Make it visible.\n+00016750: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6869 . Select thi\n+00016760: 7320 6c61 7965 7220 6173 2074 6865 2063 s layer as the c\n+00016770: 7572 7265 6e74 206c 6179 6572 2e0a 2020 urrent layer.. \n+00016780: 332e 2044 7261 7720 3920 7265 6374 616e 3. Draw 9 rectan\n+00016790: 676c 6573 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7261 gles on your dra\n+000167a0: 7769 6e67 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2764 wing where you'd\n+000167b0: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 like the slices\n+000167c0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2062 652e 2020 436c to. be. Cl\n+000167d0: 6561 7220 7468 6520 6669 6c6c 206f 7074 ear the fill opt\n+000167e0: 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 ion, and set the\n+000167f0: 2073 7472 6f6b 6520 746f 2031 2070 6978 stroke to 1 pix\n+00016800: 656c 2077 6964 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6c el wide. sol\n+00016810: 6964 2073 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 5468 6520 id stroke. The \n+00016820: 636f 726e 6572 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 corners of the s\n+00016830: 6c69 6365 7320 6d75 7374 206d 6565 7420 lices must meet \n+00016840: 7072 6563 6973 656c 793b 2069 6620 6974 precisely; if it\n+00016850: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f 6666 2062 7920 . is off by \n+00016860: 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6978 656c 2c20 a single pixel, \n+00016870: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 it will probably\n+00016880: 2062 6520 6576 6964 656e 7420 7768 656e be evident when\n+00016890: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 the. styled\n+000168a0: 2062 6f78 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 box is rendered\n+000168b0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 656e in the GRUB men\n+000168c0: 752e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 u. You should p\n+000168d0: 726f 6261 626c 7920 676f 2074 6f0a 2020 robably go to. \n+000168e0: 2020 2046 696c 6520 7c20 446f 6375 6d65 File | Docume\n+000168f0: 6e74 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 7c20 nt Properties | \n+00016900: 4772 6964 7320 616e 6420 656e 6162 6c65 Grids and enable\n+00016910: 2061 2067 7269 6420 6f72 2063 7265 6174 a grid or creat\n+00016920: 6520 610a 2020 2020 2067 7569 6465 2028 e a. guide (\n+00016930: 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e 206f 6e65 206f 6620 click on one of \n+00016940: 7468 6520 7275 6c65 7273 206e 6578 7420 the rulers next \n+00016950: 746f 2074 6865 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2061 to the drawing a\n+00016960: 6e64 2064 7261 6720 6f76 6572 0a20 2020 nd drag over. \n+00016970: 2020 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 673b 2072 the drawing; r\n+00016980: 656c 6561 7365 2074 6865 206d 6f75 7365 elease the mouse\n+00016990: 2062 7574 746f 6e20 746f 2070 6c61 6365 button to place\n+000169a0: 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 2920 746f 2068 the guide) to h\n+000169b0: 656c 700a 2020 2020 2070 6c61 6365 2074 elp. place t\n+000169c0: 6865 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 7320 7072 he rectangles pr\n+000169d0: 6563 6973 656c 792e 0a20 2034 2e20 5269 ecisely.. 4. Ri\n+000169e0: 6768 7420 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e 2074 6865 ght click on the\n+000169f0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 7265 center slice re\n+00016a00: 6374 616e 676c 6520 616e 6420 6368 6f6f ctangle and choo\n+00016a10: 7365 204f 626a 6563 740a 2020 2020 2050 se Object. P\n+00016a20: 726f 7065 7274 6965 732e 2020 4368 616e roperties. Chan\n+00016a30: 6765 2074 6865 2022 4964 2220 746f 2022 ge the \"Id\" to \"\n+00016a40: 736c 6963 655f 6322 2061 6e64 2063 6c69 slice_c\" and cli\n+00016a50: 636b 2053 6574 2e20 2052 6570 6561 740a ck Set. Repeat.\n+00016a60: 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 666f 7220 7468 this for th\n+00016a70: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 3820 7265 e remaining 8 re\n+00016a80: 6374 616e 676c 6573 2c20 6769 7669 6e67 ctangles, giving\n+00016a90: 2074 6865 6d20 4964 2076 616c 7565 7320 them Id values \n+00016aa0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2273 6c69 6365 5f6e of. \"slice_n\n+00016ab0: 222c 2022 736c 6963 655f 6e65 222c 2022 \", \"slice_ne\", \"\n+00016ac0: 736c 6963 655f 6522 2c20 616e 6420 736f slice_e\", and so\n+00016ad0: 206f 6e20 6163 636f 7264 696e 6720 746f on according to\n+00016ae0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 7469 the. locati\n+00016af0: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 352e 2053 6176 6520 7468 on.. 5. Save th\n+00016b00: 6520 6472 6177 696e 672e 0a20 2036 2e20 e drawing.. 6. \n+00016b10: 5365 6c65 6374 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2073 Select all the s\n+00016b20: 6c69 6365 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 732e lice rectangles.\n+00016b30: 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 With the slice\n+00016b40: 206c 6179 6572 2073 656c 6563 7465 642c layer selected,\n+00016b50: 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7369 . you can si\n+00016b60: 6d70 6c79 2070 7265 7373 2043 7472 6c2b mply press Ctrl+\n+00016b70: 4120 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 616c 6c20 A to select all \n+00016b80: 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2e20 2054 6865 rectangles. The\n+00016b90: 2073 7461 7475 730a 2020 2020 2062 6172 status. bar\n+00016ba0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 696e 6469 6361 7465 should indicate\n+00016bb0: 2074 6861 7420 3920 7265 6374 616e 676c that 9 rectangl\n+00016bc0: 6573 2061 7265 2073 656c 6563 7465 642e es are selected.\n+00016bd0: 0a20 2037 2e20 436c 6963 6b20 7468 6520 . 7. Click the \n+00016be0: 6c61 7965 7220 6869 6465 2069 636f 6e20 layer hide icon \n+00016bf0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 736c 6963 6520 6c61 for the slice la\n+00016c00: 7965 7220 696e 2074 6865 206c 6179 6572 yer in the layer\n+00016c10: 2070 616c 6574 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 palette.. T\n+00016c20: 6865 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 7320 7769 he rectangles wi\n+00016c30: 6c6c 2072 656d 6169 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 ll remain select\n+00016c40: 6564 2c20 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 ed, even though \n+00016c50: 7468 6579 2061 7265 2068 6964 6465 6e2e they are hidden.\n+00016c60: 0a20 2038 2e20 4368 6f6f 7365 2046 696c . 8. Choose Fil\n+00016c70: 6520 7c20 4578 706f 7274 2042 6974 6d61 e | Export Bitma\n+00016c80: 7020 616e 6420 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6520 p and check the \n+00016c90: 2a42 6174 6368 2065 7870 6f72 7420 3920 *Batch export 9 \n+00016ca0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6f62 selected. ob\n+00016cb0: 6a65 6374 732a 2062 6f78 2e20 204d 616b jects* box. 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It will \n-00017300: 6265 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 6974 be scaled to fit\n-00017310: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00017320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 scre\n-00017330: 656e 2073 697a 6520 6f72 2070 726f 706f en size or propo\n-00017340: 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7363 616c 6564 rtionally scaled\n-00017350: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 7065 6e64 696e dependin\n-00017370: 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6361 6c65 206d g on the scale m\n-00017380: 6574 686f 642e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 ethod..desktop-i\n-00017390: 6d61 6765 2d73 6361 6c65 2d6d 6574 686f mage-scale-metho\n-000173a0: 6453 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2073 dSpecifies the s\n-000173b0: 6361 6c69 6e67 206d 6574 686f 6420 666f caling method fo\n-000173c0: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r the. \n-000173d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 *de\n-000173e0: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2e20 204f sktop-image*. O\n-000173f0: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 7374 7265 ptions are \"stre\n-00017400: 7463 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tch\",. \n-00017410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6372 \"cr\n-00017420: 6f70 222c 2022 7061 6464 696e 6722 2c20 op\", \"padding\", \n-00017430: 2266 6974 7769 6474 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 \"fitwidth\",. \n+00017110: 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6520 6174 2074 6865 message at the\n+00017120: 2074 6f70 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 top of the scre\n+00017130: 656e 2e0a 7469 746c 652d 636f 6c6f 7220 en..title-color \n+00017140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e Defin\n+00017150: 6573 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 206f 6620 es the color of \n+00017160: 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 6d65 7373 6167 the title messag\n+00017170: 652e 0a6d 6573 7361 6765 2d66 6f6e 7420 e..message-font \n+00017180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e Curren\n+00017190: 746c 7920 756e 7573 6564 2e20 204c 6566 tly unused. Lef\n+000171a0: 7420 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 t for backward. \n+000171b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000171c0: 2020 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c compatibil\n+000171d0: 6974 792e 0a6d 6573 7361 6765 2d63 6f6c ity..message-col\n+000171e0: 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4375 7272 or Curr\n+000171f0: 656e 746c 7920 756e 7573 6564 2e20 204c ently unused. L\n+00017200: 6566 7420 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 eft for backward\n+00017210: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 compatib\n+00017230: 696c 6974 792e 0a6d 6573 7361 6765 2d62 ility..message-b\n+00017240: 672d 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 4375 g-color Cu\n+00017250: 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 7573 6564 2e20 rrently unused. \n+00017260: 204c 6566 7420 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 Left for backwa\n+00017270: 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd. \n+00017280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6174 compat\n+00017290: 6962 696c 6974 792e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 ibility..desktop\n+000172a0: 2d69 6d61 6765 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 -image \n+000172b0: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 696d Specifies the im\n+000172c0: 6167 6520 746f 2075 7365 2061 7320 7468 age to use as th\n+000172d0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+000172e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b67 726f backgro\n+000172f0: 756e 642e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 und. It will be\n+00017300: 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 6974 2074 scaled to fit t\n+00017310: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00017320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e screen\n+00017330: 2073 697a 6520 6f72 2070 726f 706f 7274 size or proport\n+00017340: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7363 616c 6564 0a20 ionally scaled. \n+00017350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017360: 2020 2020 2020 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 depending \n+00017370: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6361 6c65 206d 6574 on the scale met\n+00017380: 686f 642e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 hod..desktop-ima\n+00017390: 6765 2d73 6361 6c65 2d6d 6574 686f 6453 ge-scale-methodS\n+000173a0: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2073 6361 pecifies the sca\n+000173b0: 6c69 6e67 206d 6574 686f 6420 666f 7220 ling method for \n+000173c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+000173d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b *desk\n+000173e0: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2e20 204f 7074 top-image*. Opt\n+000173f0: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 7374 7265 7463 ions are \"stretc\n+00017400: 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h\",. \n+00017410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6372 6f70 \"crop\n+00017420: 222c 2022 7061 6464 696e 6722 2c20 2266 \", \"padding\", \"f\n+00017430: 6974 7769 6474 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 itwidth\",. \n 00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017450: 2020 2022 6669 7468 6569 6768 7422 2e20 \"fitheight\". \n-00017460: 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2066 6f72 2066 \"stretch\" for f\n-00017470: 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 itting the. \n+00017450: 2022 6669 7468 6569 6768 7422 2e20 2022 \"fitheight\". \"\n+00017460: 7374 7265 7463 6822 2066 6f72 2066 6974 stretch\" for fit\n+00017470: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ting the. \n 00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017490: 2020 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a 652e 2020 screen size. \n-000174a0: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6974 2069 730a Otherwise it is.\n+00017490: 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a 652e 2020 4f74 screen size. Ot\n+000174a0: 6865 7277 6973 6520 6974 2069 730a 2020 herwise it is. \n 000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000174c0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f proportio\n-000174d0: 6e61 6c20 7363 616c 696e 6720 6f66 2061 nal scaling of a\n-000174e0: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 part of. \n-000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017500: 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 *desktop-image* \n-00017510: 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 to the part of t\n-00017520: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-00017530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e screen\n-00017540: 2e20 2022 6372 6f70 2220 7061 7274 206f . \"crop\" part o\n-00017550: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n-00017560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 *de\n-00017570: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2077 696c sktop-image* wil\n-00017580: 6c20 6265 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 l be proportiona\n-00017590: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lly. \n-000175a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6361 6c65 scale\n-000175b0: 6420 746f 2066 6974 2074 6865 2073 6372 d to fit the scr\n-000175c0: 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 een sizes.. \n+000174c0: 2020 2020 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 proportiona\n+000174d0: 6c20 7363 616c 696e 6720 6f66 2061 2070 l scaling of a p\n+000174e0: 6172 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 art of. \n+000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 *d\n+00017500: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 746f esktop-image* to\n+00017510: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the part of the\n+00017520: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2e20 screen. \n+00017540: 2022 6372 6f70 2220 7061 7274 206f 6620 \"crop\" part of \n+00017550: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b *desk\n+00017570: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c20 top-image* will \n+00017580: 6265 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c be proportionall\n+00017590: 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y. \n+000175a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6361 6c65 6420 scaled \n+000175b0: 746f 2066 6974 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 to fit the scree\n+000175c0: 6e20 7369 7a65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 n sizes.. \n 000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000175e0: 2020 2270 6164 6469 6e67 2220 7468 6520 \"padding\" the \n-000175f0: 656e 7469 7265 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d entire *desktop-\n-00017600: 696d 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 image* will. \n+000175e0: 2270 6164 6469 6e67 2220 7468 6520 656e \"padding\" the en\n+000175f0: 7469 7265 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d tire *desktop-im\n+00017600: 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 age* will. \n 00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017620: 2020 2062 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 be contained \n-00017630: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 on the screen. \n-00017640: 2266 6974 7769 6474 6822 0a20 2020 2020 \"fitwidth\". \n+00017620: 2062 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 6f6e be contained on\n+00017630: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2266 the screen. \"f\n+00017640: 6974 7769 6474 6822 0a20 2020 2020 2020 itwidth\". \n 00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017660: 2020 666f 7220 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 for fitting th\n-00017670: 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 e *desktop-image\n-00017680: 2a27 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 *'s width. \n-00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000176a0: 2077 6974 6820 7363 7265 656e 2077 6964 with screen wid\n-000176b0: 7468 2e20 2022 6669 7468 6569 6768 7422 th. \"fitheight\"\n-000176c0: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 for. \n-000176d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 7474 fitt\n-000176e0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 ing the *desktop\n-000176f0: 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 6865 6967 6874 -image*'s height\n-00017700: 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 with. \n-00017710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n-00017720: 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6865 6967 6874 2e20 screen height. \n-00017730: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2273 7472 Default is \"str\n-00017740: 6574 6368 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 etch\"..desktop-i\n-00017750: 6d61 6765 2d68 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 mage-h-align Sp\n-00017760: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 686f 7269 ecifies the hori\n-00017770: 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 zontal alignment\n-00017780: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n-00017790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a *\n-000177a0: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 desktop-image* i\n-000177b0: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f. \n-000177c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f *deskto\n-000177d0: 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 p-image-scale-me\n-000177e0: 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 7420 6571 7565 thod* isn't eque\n-000177f0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al. \n-00017800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f 2022 7374 to \"st\n-00017810: 7265 7463 6822 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 retch\". Options\n-00017820: 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 222c 0a20 2020 are \"left\",. \n+00017660: 666f 7220 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 for fitting the \n+00017670: 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 *desktop-image*'\n+00017680: 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s width. \n+00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 w\n+000176a0: 6974 6820 7363 7265 656e 2077 6964 7468 ith screen width\n+000176b0: 2e20 2022 6669 7468 6569 6768 7422 2066 . \"fitheight\" f\n+000176c0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+000176d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 7474 696e fittin\n+000176e0: 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 g the *desktop-i\n+000176f0: 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 6865 6967 6874 2077 mage*'s height w\n+00017700: 6974 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ith. \n+00017710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 the s\n+00017720: 6372 6565 6e20 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2044 creen height. D\n+00017730: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2273 7472 6574 efault is \"stret\n+00017740: 6368 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 ch\"..desktop-ima\n+00017750: 6765 2d68 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 ge-h-align Spec\n+00017760: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 686f 7269 7a6f ifies the horizo\n+00017770: 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f ntal alignment o\n+00017780: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n+00017790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 *de\n+000177a0: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a sktop-image* if.\n+000177b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000177c0: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n+000177d0: 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 image-scale-meth\n+000177e0: 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c od* isn't equeal\n+000177f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f 2022 7374 7265 to \"stre\n+00017810: 7463 6822 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 tch\". Options a\n+00017820: 7265 2022 6c65 6674 222c 0a20 2020 2020 re \"left\",. \n 00017830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017840: 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 2c20 2272 \"center\", \"r\n-00017850: 6967 6874 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 ight\". Default \n-00017860: 6973 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 6573 is \"center\"..des\n-00017870: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d76 2d61 6c69 ktop-image-v-ali\n-00017880: 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 gn Specifies th\n-00017890: 6520 7665 7274 6963 616c 2061 6c69 676e e vertical align\n-000178a0: 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ment of the. \n+00017840: 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 2c20 2272 6967 \"center\", \"rig\n+00017850: 6874 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 ht\". Default is\n+00017860: 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 \"center\"..deskt\n+00017870: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d76 2d61 6c69 676e op-image-v-align\n+00017880: 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 Specifies the \n+00017890: 7665 7274 6963 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 vertical alignme\n+000178a0: 6e74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 nt of the. \n 000178b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000178c0: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n-000178d0: 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e* if. \n-000178e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 *de\n-000178f0: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c sktop-image-scal\n-00017900: 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 7420 e-method* isn't \n-00017910: 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 equeal. \n-00017920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f to\n-00017930: 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e20 204f 7074 \"stretch\". Opt\n-00017940: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 746f 7022 2c0a ions are \"top\",.\n+000178c0: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a *desktop-image*\n+000178d0: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n+000178e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b *desk\n+000178f0: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c 652d top-image-scale-\n+00017900: 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 7420 6571 method* isn't eq\n+00017910: 7565 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ueal. \n+00017920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f 2022 to \"\n+00017930: 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e20 204f 7074 696f stretch\". Optio\n+00017940: 6e73 2061 7265 2022 746f 7022 2c0a 2020 ns are \"top\",. \n 00017950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017960: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c \"center\",\n-00017970: 2022 626f 7474 6f6d 222e 2020 4465 6661 \"bottom\". Defa\n-00017980: 756c 7420 6973 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222e ult is \"center\".\n-00017990: 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d63 6f6c 6f72 2020 .desktop-color \n-000179a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 Specifie\n-000179b0: 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 s the color for \n-000179c0: 7468 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 the background i\n-000179d0: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f. \n-000179e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f *deskto\n-000179f0: 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 p-image* is not \n-00017a00: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642e 0a74 6572 6d69 specified..termi\n-00017a10: 6e61 6c2d 626f 7820 2020 2020 2020 2020 nal-box \n-00017a20: 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 Specifies the \n-00017a30: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7061 7474 6572 file name patter\n-00017a40: 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 n for the. \n-00017a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017a60: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 736c 6963 styled box slic\n-00017a70: 6573 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 es used for the \n-00017a80: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 command. \n-00017a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n-00017aa0: 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e ine terminal win\n-00017ab0: 646f 772e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c dow. For exampl\n-00017ac0: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e,. \n-00017ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2274 6572 6d69 \"termi\n-00017ae0: 6e61 6c2d 626f 783a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 nal-box: termina\n-00017af0: 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 2077 696c 6c20 7573 l_*.png\" will us\n-00017b00: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00017b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6d61 the ima\n-00017b20: 6765 7320 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 632e ges \"terminal_c.\n-00017b30: 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6365 6e74 png\" as the cent\n-00017b40: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er. \n-00017b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 6561 2c20 area, \n-00017b60: 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6e2e 706e 6722 \"terminal_n.png\"\n-00017b70: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6820 2874 as the north (t\n-00017b80: 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 op). \n-00017b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6467 652c edge,\n-00017ba0: 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6e 772e 706e \"terminal_nw.pn\n-00017bb0: 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6877 g\" as the northw\n-00017bc0: 6573 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 est. \n-00017bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 7570 7065 (uppe\n-00017be0: 7220 6c65 6674 2920 636f 726e 6572 2c20 r left) corner, \n-00017bf0: 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 and so on. If t\n-00017c00: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-00017c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 image \n-00017c20: 666f 7220 616e 7920 736c 6963 6520 6973 for any slice is\n-00017c30: 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6974 2077 not found, it w\n-00017c40: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill. \n-00017c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 696d 706c simpl\n-00017c60: 7920 6265 206c 6566 7420 656d 7074 792e y be left empty.\n-00017c70: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7264 6572 .terminal-border\n-00017c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 Specifie\n-00017c90: 7320 7468 6520 626f 7264 6572 2077 6964 s the border wid\n-00017ca0: 7468 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 th of the. \n-00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017cc0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 terminal window\n-00017cd0: 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d6c 6566 7420 ..terminal-left \n-00017ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 Specifi\n-00017cf0: 6573 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 636f 6f72 es the left coor\n-00017d00: 6469 6e61 7465 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 dinate of the. \n+00017960: 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 \"center\", \"\n+00017970: 626f 7474 6f6d 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c bottom\". Defaul\n+00017980: 7420 6973 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 t is \"center\"..d\n+00017990: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 esktop-color \n+000179a0: 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 Specifies \n+000179b0: 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 7468 the color for th\n+000179c0: 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 660a e background if.\n+000179d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000179e0: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n+000179f0: 696d 6167 652a 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 image* is not sp\n+00017a00: 6563 6966 6965 642e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 ecified..termina\n+00017a10: 6c2d 626f 7820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l-box \n+00017a20: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 Specifies the fi\n+00017a30: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 le name pattern \n+00017a40: 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n+00017a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00017a60: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 736c 6963 6573 tyled box slices\n+00017a70: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f used for the co\n+00017a80: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mmand. \n+00017a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e lin\n+00017aa0: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f e terminal windo\n+00017ab0: 772e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c w. For example,\n+00017ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 \"termina\n+00017ae0: 6c2d 626f 783a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f l-box: terminal_\n+00017af0: 2a2e 706e 6722 2077 696c 6c20 7573 650a *.png\" will use.\n+00017b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017b10: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 the image\n+00017b20: 7320 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 632e 706e s \"terminal_c.pn\n+00017b30: 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 g\" as the center\n+00017b40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 6561 2c20 2274 area, \"t\n+00017b60: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6e2e 706e 6722 2061 erminal_n.png\" a\n+00017b70: 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6820 2874 6f70 s the north (top\n+00017b80: 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ). \n+00017b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6467 652c 2022 edge, \"\n+00017ba0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 terminal_nw.png\"\n+00017bb0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 as the northwes\n+00017bc0: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n+00017bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 7570 7065 7220 (upper \n+00017be0: 6c65 6674 2920 636f 726e 6572 2c20 616e left) corner, an\n+00017bf0: 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 d so on. If the\n+00017c00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 666f image fo\n+00017c20: 7220 616e 7920 736c 6963 6520 6973 206e r any slice is n\n+00017c30: 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6974 2077 696c ot found, it wil\n+00017c40: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n+00017c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 696d 706c 7920 simply \n+00017c60: 6265 206c 6566 7420 656d 7074 792e 0a74 be left empty..t\n+00017c70: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7264 6572 2020 erminal-border \n+00017c80: 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 Specifies \n+00017c90: 7468 6520 626f 7264 6572 2077 6964 7468 the border width\n+00017ca0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00017cc0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a erminal window..\n+00017cd0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d6c 6566 7420 2020 terminal-left \n+00017ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 Specifies\n+00017cf0: 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 636f 6f72 6469 the left coordi\n+00017d00: 6e61 7465 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 nate of the. \n 00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017d20: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 terminal wi\n-00017d30: 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d74 ndow..terminal-t\n-00017d40: 6f70 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 op Spe\n-00017d50: 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2063 cifies the top c\n-00017d60: 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 oordinate of the\n-00017d70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c terminal\n-00017d90: 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 window..termina\n-00017da0: 6c2d 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 l-width \n-00017db0: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7769 Specifies the wi\n-00017dc0: 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 dth of the termi\n-00017dd0: 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nal. \n-00017de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696e 646f windo\n-00017df0: 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 6865 6967 w..terminal-heig\n-00017e00: 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 ht Specif\n-00017e10: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f ies the height o\n-00017e20: 6620 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 f the terminal. \n+00017d20: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 terminal wind\n+00017d30: 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d74 6f70 ow..terminal-top\n+00017d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 Speci\n+00017d50: 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2063 6f6f fies the top coo\n+00017d60: 7264 696e 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 rdinate of the. \n+00017d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017d80: 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 terminal w\n+00017d90: 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d indow..terminal-\n+00017da0: 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 width Sp\n+00017db0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 ecifies the widt\n+00017dc0: 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 h of the termina\n+00017dd0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n+00017de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696e 646f 772e window.\n+00017df0: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 6865 6967 6874 .terminal-height\n+00017e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 Specifie\n+00017e10: 7320 7468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 s the height of \n+00017e20: 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 the terminal. \n 00017e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017e40: 2020 2020 2020 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 0a37 window...7\n-00017e50: 2e33 2e34 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2043 .3.4 Component C\n-00017e60: 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d onstruction.----\n+00017e40: 2020 2020 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 0a37 2e33 window...7.3\n+00017e50: 2e34 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2043 6f6e .4 Component Con\n+00017e60: 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d struction.------\n 00017e70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00017e80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4772 6561 7465 --------..Greate\n-00017e90: 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 6162 696c 6974 r customizabilit\n-00017ea0: 7920 636f 6d65 7320 6973 2070 726f 7669 y comes is provi\n-00017eb0: 6465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 ded by component\n-00017ec0: 732e 2020 4120 7472 6565 206f 660a 636f s. 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Prop\n-00018220: 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 erties:. id \n-00018230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n-00018240: 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 to \"__timeout__\"\n-00018250: 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 to display the \n-00018260: 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 time elapsed. \n-00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018280: 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 to an automatic\n-00018290: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 al boot of the d\n-000182a0: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 efault entry.. \n-000182b0: 2020 2074 6578 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 text \n-000182c0: 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2074 6f20 6469 The text to di\n-000182d0: 7370 6c61 792e 2020 4966 2022 6964 2220 splay. If \"id\" \n-000182e0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 is set to. \n-000182f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 225f \"_\n-00018300: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 6420 _timeout__\" and \n-00018310: 6e6f 2022 7465 7874 2220 7072 6f70 6572 no \"text\" proper\n-00018320: 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 7468 656e 0a20 ty is set then. \n+00017e80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4772 6561 7465 7220 ------..Greater \n+00017e90: 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 6162 696c 6974 7920 customizability \n+00017ea0: 636f 6d65 7320 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 comes is provide\n+00017eb0: 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732e d by components.\n+00017ec0: 2020 4120 7472 6565 206f 660a 636f 6d70 A tree of.comp\n+00017ed0: 6f6e 656e 7473 2066 6f72 6d73 2074 6865 onents forms the\n+00017ee0: 2075 7365 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e user interface.\n+00017ef0: 2020 2a43 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 732a 2061 *Containers* a\n+00017f00: 7265 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 re components th\n+00017f10: 6174 0a63 616e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206f at.can contain o\n+00017f20: 7468 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c ther components,\n+00017f30: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c and there is al\n+00017f40: 7761 7973 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 726f ways a single ro\n+00017f50: 6f74 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6869 ot.component whi\n+00017f60: 6368 2069 7320 616e 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 ch is an instanc\n+00017f70: 6520 6f66 2061 202a 6361 6e76 6173 2a20 e of a *canvas* \n+00017f80: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 722e 0a0a 2020 2043 container... C\n+00017f90: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6372 omponents are cr\n+00017fa0: 6561 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 eated in the the\n+00017fb0: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 6279 2070 7265 6669 me file by prefi\n+00017fc0: 7869 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7970 6520 6f66 xing the type of\n+00017fd0: 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 .component with \n+00017fe0: 6120 272b 2720 7369 676e 3a0a 0a20 2020 a '+' sign:.. \n+00017ff0: e280 9820 2b20 6c61 6265 6c20 7b20 7465 ... + label { te\n+00018000: 7874 3d22 4752 5542 2220 666f 6e74 3d22 xt=\"GRUB\" font=\"\n+00018010: 6171 7569 2031 3122 2063 6f6c 6f72 3d22 aqui 11\" color=\"\n+00018020: 2338 4646 2220 7d20 e280 990a 0a20 2020 #8FF\" } ..... \n+00018030: 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 206f 6620 6120 properties of a \n+00018040: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6172 6520 7370 component are sp\n+00018050: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2022 6e61 6d65 ecified as \"name\n+00018060: 203d 2076 616c 7565 2220 2877 6869 7465 = value\" (white\n+00018070: 7370 6163 650a 7375 7272 6f75 6e64 696e space.surroundin\n+00018080: 6720 746f 6b65 6e73 2069 7320 6f70 7469 g tokens is opti\n+00018090: 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6967 6e6f onal and is igno\n+000180a0: 7265 6429 2077 6865 7265 202a 7661 6c75 red) where *valu\n+000180b0: 652a 206d 6179 2062 653a 0a20 2020 e280 e* may be:. ..\n+000180c0: a220 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2077 6f72 6420 . a single word \n+000180d0: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 616c 6967 6e20 3d20 (e.g., \"align = \n+000180e0: 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 636f 6c6f 7220 center\", \"color \n+000180f0: 3d20 2346 4638 3038 3022 292c 0a20 2020 = #FF8080\"),. \n+00018100: e280 a220 6120 7175 6f74 6564 2073 7472 ... a quoted str\n+00018110: 696e 6720 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 7465 7874 ing (e.g., \"text\n+00018120: 203d 2022 4865 6c6c 6f2c 2057 6f72 6c64 = \"Hello, World\n+00018130: 2122 2229 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 e280 a220 !\"\"), or. ... \n+00018140: 6120 7475 706c 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 a tuple (e.g., \"\n+00018150: 7072 6566 6572 7265 645f 7369 7a65 203d preferred_size =\n+00018160: 2028 3132 302c 2038 3029 2229 2e0a 0a37 (120, 80)\")...7\n+00018170: 2e33 2e35 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 204c .3.5 Component L\n+00018180: 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ist.------------\n+00018190: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f --------..The fo\n+000181a0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 206c 6973 llowing is a lis\n+000181b0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 t of the compone\n+000181c0: 6e74 7320 616e 6420 7468 6520 7072 6f70 nts and the prop\n+000181d0: 6572 7469 6573 2074 6865 790a 7375 7070 erties they.supp\n+000181e0: 6f72 742e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6162 ort... ... lab\n+000181f0: 656c 2041 206c 6162 656c 2064 6973 706c el A label displ\n+00018200: 6179 7320 6120 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 7465 ays a line of te\n+00018210: 7874 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 xt... Proper\n+00018220: 7469 6573 3a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 ties:. id \n+00018230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f Set to\n+00018240: 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 \"__timeout__\" t\n+00018250: 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 o display the ti\n+00018260: 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 2020 me elapsed. \n+00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00018280: 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c o an automatical\n+00018290: 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 boot of the def\n+000182a0: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 ault entry.. \n+000182b0: 2074 6578 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 text \n+000182c0: 5468 6520 7465 7874 2074 6f20 6469 7370 The text to disp\n+000182d0: 6c61 792e 2020 4966 2022 6964 2220 6973 lay. If \"id\" is\n+000182e0: 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 set to. \n+000182f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 225f 5f74 \"__t\n+00018300: 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 6420 6e6f imeout__\" and no\n+00018310: 2022 7465 7874 2220 7072 6f70 6572 7479 \"text\" property\n+00018320: 2069 7320 7365 7420 7468 656e 0a20 2020 is set then. \n 00018330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018340: 2020 2074 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 the amount of\n-00018350: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 seconds will be\n-00018360: 2073 686f 776e 2e20 2049 6620 7365 7420 shown. If set \n-00018370: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n-00018380: 2020 2020 2020 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f \"@KEYMAP_\n-00018390: 5348 4f52 5440 222c 2022 404b 4559 4d41 SHORT@\", \"@KEYMA\n-000183a0: 505f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 P_MIDDLE@\" or. \n+00018340: 2074 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 the amount of s\n+00018350: 6563 6f6e 6473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 econds will be s\n+00018360: 686f 776e 2e20 2049 6620 7365 7420 746f hown. If set to\n+00018370: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018380: 2020 2020 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f 5348 \"@KEYMAP_SH\n+00018390: 4f52 5440 222c 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f ORT@\", \"@KEYMAP_\n+000183a0: 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 MIDDLE@\" or. \n 000183b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000183c0: 2020 2240 4b45 594d 4150 5f4c 4f4e 4740 \"@KEYMAP_LONG@\n-000183d0: 2220 7468 656e 2070 7265 6465 6669 6e65 \" then predefine\n-000183e0: 6420 686f 746b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d hotkey. \n-000183f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e66 inf\n-00018400: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ormation will be\n-00018410: 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 6f6e shown.. fon\n-00018420: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 t The \n-00018430: 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 font to use for \n-00018440: 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 2e0a 2020 text display.. \n-00018450: 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 color \n-00018460: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2074 The color of t\n-00018470: 6865 2074 6578 742e 0a20 2020 2020 616c he text.. al\n-00018480: 6967 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 ign The\n-00018490: 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 616c 6967 horizontal alig\n-000184a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 nment of the tex\n-000184b0: 7420 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 t within the. \n-000184c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000184d0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 204f 7074 component. Opt\n-000184e0: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 222c ions are \"left\",\n-000184f0: 2022 6365 6e74 6572 2220 616e 640a 2020 \"center\" and. \n+000183c0: 2240 4b45 594d 4150 5f4c 4f4e 4740 2220 \"@KEYMAP_LONG@\" \n+000183d0: 7468 656e 2070 7265 6465 6669 6e65 6420 then predefined \n+000183e0: 686f 746b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 hotkey. \n+000183f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 infor\n+00018400: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 mation will be s\n+00018410: 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 6f6e 7420 hown.. font \n+00018420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f The fo\n+00018430: 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7465 nt to use for te\n+00018440: 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 2e0a 2020 2020 xt display.. \n+00018450: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 color \n+00018460: 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 The color of the\n+00018470: 2074 6578 742e 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6967 text.. alig\n+00018480: 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2068 n The h\n+00018490: 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 616c 6967 6e6d orizontal alignm\n+000184a0: 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 ent of the text \n+000184b0: 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 within the. \n+000184c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+000184d0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 204f 7074 696f omponent. Optio\n+000184e0: 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 222c 2022 ns are \"left\", \"\n+000184f0: 6365 6e74 6572 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 center\" and. \n 00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018510: 2020 2272 6967 6874 222e 0a20 2020 2020 \"right\".. \n-00018520: 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2053 visible S\n-00018530: 6574 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 746f et to \"false\" to\n-00018540: 2068 6964 6520 7468 6520 6c61 6265 6c2e hide the label.\n-00018550: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 6d61 6765 2041 .. ... image A\n-00018560: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 component that \n-00018570: 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6e20 696d 6167 displays an imag\n-00018580: 652e 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 e. The image is\n-00018590: 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 scaled to. \n-000185a0: 6669 7420 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e fit the componen\n-000185b0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 t... Propert\n-000185c0: 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 ies:.. file \n-000185d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6675 The fu\n-000185e0: 6c6c 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2069 ll path to the i\n-000185f0: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 mage file to loa\n-00018600: 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 726f 6772 d... ... progr\n-00018610: 6573 735f 6261 7220 4469 7370 6c61 7973 ess_bar Displays\n-00018620: 2061 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c6c 7920 a horizontally \n-00018630: 6f72 6965 6e74 6564 2070 726f 6772 6573 oriented progres\n-00018640: 7320 6261 722e 2020 4974 2063 616e 0a20 s bar. It can. \n-00018650: 2020 2020 6265 2072 656e 6465 7265 6420 be rendered \n-00018660: 7573 696e 6720 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 6f6c using simple sol\n-00018670: 6964 2066 696c 6c65 6420 7265 6374 616e id filled rectan\n-00018680: 676c 6573 2c20 6f72 2075 7369 6e67 2061 gles, or using a\n-00018690: 2070 6169 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7069 pair. of pi\n-000186a0: 786d 6170 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 xmap styled boxe\n-000186b0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 s... Propert\n-000186c0: 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 ies:.. id \n-000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f Set to\n-000186e0: 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 \"__timeout__\" t\n-000186f0: 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 o display the ti\n-00018700: 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 2020 me elapsed. \n-00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00018720: 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c o an automatical\n-00018730: 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 boot of the def\n-00018740: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 ault entry.. \n-00018750: 2066 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 fg_color \n-00018760: 5468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 The foreground c\n-00018770: 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 olor for plain s\n-00018780: 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 olid color. \n-00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n-000187a0: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 endering.. b\n-000187b0: 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 g_color Th\n-000187c0: 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c e background col\n-000187d0: 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c or for plain sol\n-000187e0: 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 id color. \n-000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e ren\n-00018800: 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f72 dering.. bor\n-00018810: 6465 725f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 5468 6520 der_color The \n-00018820: 626f 7264 6572 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 border color for\n-00018830: 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c plain solid col\n-00018840: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-00018850: 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 rendering\n-00018860: 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 745f 636f 6c6f .. text_colo\n-00018870: 7220 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2063 r The text c\n-00018880: 6f6c 6f72 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6172 5f73 olor.. bar_s\n-00018890: 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7374 tyle The st\n-000188a0: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 yled box specifi\n-000188b0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2066 cation for the f\n-000188c0: 7261 6d65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rame of. \n-000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 the \n-000188e0: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2045 progress bar. E\n-000188f0: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 xample:. \n-00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 726f \"pro\n-00018910: 6772 6573 735f 6672 616d 655f 2a2e 706e gress_frame_*.pn\n-00018920: 6722 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 g\" If the value \n-00018930: 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 is equal to. \n-00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018950: 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 \"highlight_style\n-00018960: 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f20 7374 796c 6564 \" then no styled\n-00018970: 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 boxes will be. \n+00018510: 2272 6967 6874 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 \"right\".. vi\n+00018520: 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 sible Set\n+00018530: 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 746f 2068 to \"false\" to h\n+00018540: 6964 6520 7468 6520 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a0a ide the label...\n+00018550: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 6d61 6765 2041 2063 ... image A c\n+00018560: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6469 omponent that di\n+00018570: 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6e20 696d 6167 652e splays an image.\n+00018580: 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 2073 The image is s\n+00018590: 6361 6c65 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6669 caled to. fi\n+000185a0: 7420 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e t the component.\n+000185b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 .. Propertie\n+000185c0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 s:.. file \n+000185d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6675 6c6c The full\n+000185e0: 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 path to the ima\n+000185f0: 6765 2066 696c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 642e ge file to load.\n+00018600: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 726f 6772 6573 .. ... progres\n+00018610: 735f 6261 7220 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 s_bar Displays a\n+00018620: 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c6c 7920 6f72 horizontally or\n+00018630: 6965 6e74 6564 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 iented progress \n+00018640: 6261 722e 2020 4974 2063 616e 0a20 2020 bar. It can. \n+00018650: 2020 6265 2072 656e 6465 7265 6420 7573 be rendered us\n+00018660: 696e 6720 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 6f6c 6964 ing simple solid\n+00018670: 2066 696c 6c65 6420 7265 6374 616e 676c filled rectangl\n+00018680: 6573 2c20 6f72 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2070 es, or using a p\n+00018690: 6169 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7069 786d air. of pixm\n+000186a0: 6170 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 732e ap styled boxes.\n+000186b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 .. Propertie\n+000186c0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 s:.. id \n+000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 Set to \"\n+000186e0: 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 __timeout__\" to \n+000186f0: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 display the time\n+00018700: 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 elapsed. \n+00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 to \n+00018720: 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 an automatical b\n+00018730: 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 oot of the defau\n+00018740: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 lt entry.. f\n+00018750: 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 g_color Th\n+00018760: 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c e foreground col\n+00018770: 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c or for plain sol\n+00018780: 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 id color. \n+00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e ren\n+000187a0: 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 675f dering.. bg_\n+000187b0: 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 color The \n+000187c0: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 background color\n+000187d0: 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 for plain solid\n+000187e0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 color. \n+000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 rende\n+00018800: 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f72 6465 ring.. borde\n+00018810: 725f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 5468 6520 626f r_color The bo\n+00018820: 7264 6572 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 rder color for p\n+00018830: 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 lain solid color\n+00018840: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018850: 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a rendering..\n+00018860: 2020 2020 2074 6578 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 text_color \n+00018870: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6c The text col\n+00018880: 6f72 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6172 5f73 7479 or.. bar_sty\n+00018890: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7374 796c le The styl\n+000188a0: 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 ed box specifica\n+000188b0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2066 7261 tion for the fra\n+000188c0: 6d65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 me of. \n+000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7072 the pr\n+000188e0: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 ogress bar. Exa\n+000188f0: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:. \n+00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 726f 6772 \"progr\n+00018910: 6573 735f 6672 616d 655f 2a2e 706e 6722 ess_frame_*.png\"\n+00018920: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 If the value is\n+00018930: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 equal to. \n+00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2268 \"h\n+00018950: 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 ighlight_style\" \n+00018960: 7468 656e 206e 6f20 7374 796c 6564 2062 then no styled b\n+00018970: 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 oxes will be. \n 00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018990: 2020 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 shown.. h\n-000189a0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 5468 ighlight_styleTh\n-000189b0: 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 e styled box spe\n-000189c0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 cification for t\n-000189d0: 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 0a20 he highlighted. \n+00018990: 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 shown.. hig\n+000189a0: 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 5468 6520 hlight_styleThe \n+000189b0: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 styled box speci\n+000189c0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 fication for the\n+000189d0: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 0a20 2020 highlighted. \n 000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000189f0: 2020 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 region of the\n-00018a00: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 progress bar. \n-00018a10: 5468 6973 2062 6f78 2077 696c 6c20 6265 This box will be\n-00018a20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018a30: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 6169 used to pai\n-00018a40: 6e74 206a 7573 7420 7468 6520 6869 6768 nt just the high\n-00018a50: 6c69 6768 7465 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 206f lighted region o\n-00018a60: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n-00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 722c 2061 bar, a\n-00018a80: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 7265 nd will be incre\n-00018a90: 6173 6564 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2061 7320 ased in size as \n-00018aa0: 7468 6520 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 the bar. \n-00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 6172 near\n-00018ac0: 7320 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2045 s completion. E\n-00018ad0: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a20 2270 726f 6772 6573 xample: \"progres\n-00018ae0: 735f 686c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 222e 0a20 2020 s_hl_*.png\".. \n-00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018b00: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 If the value is\n-00018b10: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 2262 6172 5f73 equal to \"bar_s\n-00018b20: 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f0a 2020 tyle\" then no. \n+000189f0: 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 region of the p\n+00018a00: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 5468 rogress bar. Th\n+00018a10: 6973 2062 6f78 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 is box will be. \n+00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018a30: 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 6169 6e74 used to paint\n+00018a40: 206a 7573 7420 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 just the highli\n+00018a50: 6768 7465 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 ghted region of \n+00018a60: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 722c 2061 6e64 bar, and\n+00018a80: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 7265 6173 will be increas\n+00018a90: 6564 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2061 7320 7468 ed in size as th\n+00018aa0: 6520 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e bar. \n+00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 6172 7320 nears \n+00018ac0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2045 7861 completion. Exa\n+00018ad0: 6d70 6c65 3a20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f mple: \"progress_\n+00018ae0: 686c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 222e 0a20 2020 2020 hl_*.png\".. \n+00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n+00018b00: 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 f the value is e\n+00018b10: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 2262 6172 5f73 7479 qual to \"bar_sty\n+00018b20: 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 le\" then no. \n 00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018b40: 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 styled boxes w\n-00018b50: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 ill be shown.. \n-00018b60: 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f6f 7665 highlight_ove\n-00018b70: 726c 6179 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 rlayIf this opti\n-00018b80: 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 on is set to \"tr\n-00018b90: 7565 2220 7468 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ue\" then the. \n-00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018bb0: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2062 6f78 2073 highlight box s\n-00018bc0: 6964 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 ide slices (ever\n-00018bd0: 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 0a20 y slice except. \n+00018b40: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c styled boxes wil\n+00018b50: 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 l be shown.. \n+00018b60: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f6f 7665 726c highlight_overl\n+00018b70: 6179 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e ayIf this option\n+00018b80: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 is set to \"true\n+00018b90: 2220 7468 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 \" then the. \n+00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n+00018bb0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2062 6f78 2073 6964 ighlight box sid\n+00018bc0: 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 e slices (every \n+00018bd0: 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 0a20 2020 slice except. \n 00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018bf0: 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c the center sl\n-00018c00: 6963 6529 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 6c61 ice) will overla\n-00018c10: 7920 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 626f 780a y the frame box.\n+00018bf0: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+00018c00: 6529 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 e) will overlay \n+00018c10: 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 626f 780a 2020 the frame box. \n 00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018c30: 2020 2020 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e side slices.\n-00018c40: 2020 416e 6420 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 And the center\n-00018c50: 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 slice of the. \n+00018c30: 2020 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 side slices. \n+00018c40: 416e 6420 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 And the center s\n+00018c50: 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 lice of the. \n 00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018c70: 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f 7820 highlight box \n-00018c80: 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 can move all the\n-00018c90: 2077 6179 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 way (from top t\n-00018ca0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-00018cb0: 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 bottom), b\n-00018cc0: 6569 6e67 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 eing drawn on th\n-00018cd0: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f e center slice o\n-00018ce0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n-00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 616d 6520 frame \n-00018d00: 626f 782e 2020 5468 6174 2077 6179 2077 box. That way w\n-00018d10: 6520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 726f e can make a pro\n-00018d20: 6772 6573 7320 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 gress bar. \n-00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 wi\n-00018d40: 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 6420 th round-shaped \n-00018d50: 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 edges so there w\n-00018d60: 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 on't be a free. \n+00018c70: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f 7820 6361 highlight box ca\n+00018c80: 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2077 n move all the w\n+00018c90: 6179 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 6f0a ay (from top to.\n+00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018cb0: 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 bottom), bei\n+00018cc0: 6e67 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ng drawn on the \n+00018cd0: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 center slice of \n+00018ce0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 616d 6520 626f frame bo\n+00018d00: 782e 2020 5468 6174 2077 6179 2077 6520 x. That way we \n+00018d10: 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 726f 6772 can make a progr\n+00018d20: 6573 7320 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ess bar. \n+00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 with\n+00018d40: 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 6420 6564 round-shaped ed\n+00018d50: 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e ges so there won\n+00018d60: 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 't be a free. \n 00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018d80: 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 space from th\n-00018d90: 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 746f 2074 e highlight to t\n-00018da0: 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2069 6e20 746f 7020 he frame in top \n-00018db0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and. \n-00018dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 bottom s\n-00018dd0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6f73 6974 696f crollbar positio\n-00018de0: 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 ns. Default is \n-00018df0: 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 666f \"false\".. fo\n-00018e00: 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 nt The\n-00018e10: 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 font to use for\n-00018e20: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a20 progress bar.. \n-00018e30: 2020 2020 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 text \n-00018e40: 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 The text to d\n-00018e50: 6973 706c 6179 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 isplay on the pr\n-00018e60: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2049 6620 ogress bar. If \n-00018e70: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00018e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7265 7373 progress\n-00018e90: 2062 6172 2773 2049 4420 6973 2073 6574 bar's ID is set\n-00018ea0: 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f to \"__timeout__\n-00018eb0: 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" and. \n-00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7661 the va\n-00018ed0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 lue of this prop\n-00018ee0: 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 erty is set to. \n+00018d80: 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 space from the \n+00018d90: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 746f 2074 6865 highlight to the\n+00018da0: 2066 7261 6d65 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e frame in top an\n+00018db0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+00018dc0: 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 bottom scr\n+00018dd0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 ollbar positions\n+00018de0: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 . Default is \"f\n+00018df0: 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6e74 alse\".. font\n+00018e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 The f\n+00018e10: 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2070 ont to use for p\n+00018e20: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a20 2020 rogress bar.. \n+00018e30: 2020 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 text \n+00018e40: 2054 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 The text to dis\n+00018e50: 706c 6179 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 play on the prog\n+00018e60: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ress bar. If th\n+00018e70: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00018e80: 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 progress b\n+00018e90: 6172 2773 2049 4420 6973 2073 6574 2074 ar's ID is set t\n+00018ea0: 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 o \"__timeout__\" \n+00018eb0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and. \n+00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7661 6c75 the valu\n+00018ed0: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 e of this proper\n+00018ee0: 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 ty is set to. \n 00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f00: 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 \"@TIMEOUT_NOT\n-00018f10: 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 5348 4f52 5440 IFICATION_SHORT@\n-00018f20: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \",. \n-00018f30: 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 \"@TIMEOUT\n-00018f40: 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4d49 _NOTIFICATION_MI\n-00018f50: 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 DDLE@\" or. \n-00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 \"@\n-00018f70: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 TIMEOUT_NOTIFICA\n-00018f80: 5449 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e 4740 222c 2074 6865 TION_LONG@\", the\n-00018f90: 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 n GRUB will. \n-00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018fb0: 7570 6461 7465 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 update this prop\n-00018fc0: 6572 7479 2077 6974 6820 616e 2069 6e66 erty with an inf\n-00018fd0: 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 6573 7361 6765 ormative message\n-00018fe0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018ff0: 2020 2020 2061 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 as the time\n-00019000: 6f75 7420 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 2e0a out approaches..\n-00019010: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6369 7263 756c 6172 . ... circular\n-00019020: 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7320 4469 7370 6c61 _progress Displa\n-00019030: 7973 2061 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 ys a circular pr\n-00019040: 6f67 7265 7373 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 ogress indicator\n-00019050: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 . The. appe\n-00019060: 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6973 2063 arance of this c\n-00019070: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 6465 7465 omponent is dete\n-00019080: 726d 696e 6564 2062 7920 7477 6f20 696d rmined by two im\n-00019090: 6167 6573 3a20 7468 650a 2020 2020 202a ages: the. *\n-000190a0: 6365 6e74 6572 2a20 696d 6167 6520 616e center* image an\n-000190b0: 6420 7468 6520 2a74 6963 6b2a 2069 6d61 d the *tick* ima\n-000190c0: 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 ge. The center \n-000190d0: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c image is general\n-000190e0: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7267 6572 2061 ly. larger a\n-000190f0: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e nd will be drawn\n-00019100: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 206f in the center o\n-00019110: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e f the component.\n-00019120: 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 Around. th\n-00019130: 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 e circumference \n-00019140: 6f66 2061 2063 6972 636c 6520 7769 7468 of a circle with\n-00019150: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 in the component\n-00019160: 2c20 7468 6520 7469 636b 2069 6d61 6765 , the tick image\n-00019170: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 . will be dr\n-00019180: 6177 6e20 6120 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 awn a certain nu\n-00019190: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 732c 2064 mber of times, d\n-000191a0: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a epending on the.\n-000191b0: 2020 2020 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 properties \n-000191c0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 of the component\n-000191d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 ... Properti\n-000191e0: 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 es:.. id \n-000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019200: 2053 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f Set to \"__timeo\n-00019210: 7574 5f5f 2220 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 ut__\" to display\n-00019220: 2074 6865 2074 696d 650a 2020 2020 2020 the time. \n+00018f00: 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIF\n+00018f10: 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 5348 4f52 5440 222c ICATION_SHORT@\",\n+00018f20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018f30: 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e \"@TIMEOUT_N\n+00018f40: 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 OTIFICATION_MIDD\n+00018f50: 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 LE@\" or. \n+00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 \"@TI\n+00018f70: 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 MEOUT_NOTIFICATI\n+00018f80: 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e 4740 222c 2074 6865 6e20 ON_LONG@\", then \n+00018f90: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 GRUB will. \n+00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7570 up\n+00018fb0: 6461 7465 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 date this proper\n+00018fc0: 7479 2077 6974 6820 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 ty with an infor\n+00018fd0: 6d61 7469 7665 206d 6573 7361 6765 0a20 mative message. \n+00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018ff0: 2020 2061 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 as the timeou\n+00019000: 7420 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 t approaches... \n+00019010: 2020 e280 a220 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 ... circular_p\n+00019020: 726f 6772 6573 7320 4469 7370 6c61 7973 rogress Displays\n+00019030: 2061 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 a circular prog\n+00019040: 7265 7373 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 ress indicator. \n+00019050: 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 The. appear\n+00019060: 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6973 2063 6f6d ance of this com\n+00019070: 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 6465 7465 726d ponent is determ\n+00019080: 696e 6564 2062 7920 7477 6f20 696d 6167 ined by two imag\n+00019090: 6573 3a20 7468 650a 2020 2020 202a 6365 es: the. *ce\n+000190a0: 6e74 6572 2a20 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 nter* image and \n+000190b0: 7468 6520 2a74 6963 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 the *tick* image\n+000190c0: 2e20 2054 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 696d . The center im\n+000190d0: 6167 6520 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 age is generally\n+000190e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 . larger and\n+000190f0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 will be drawn i\n+00019100: 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 206f 6620 n the center of \n+00019110: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 the component. \n+00019120: 4172 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 Around. the \n+00019130: 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 circumference of\n+00019140: 2061 2063 6972 636c 6520 7769 7468 696e a circle within\n+00019150: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 the component, \n+00019160: 7468 6520 7469 636b 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 the tick image. \n+00019170: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 will be draw\n+00019180: 6e20 6120 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 n a certain numb\n+00019190: 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 732c 2064 6570 er of times, dep\n+000191a0: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 ending on the. \n+000191b0: 2020 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6f66 properties of\n+000191c0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a the component..\n+000191d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 . Properties\n+000191e0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 2020 :.. id \n+000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n+00019200: 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 et to \"__timeout\n+00019210: 5f5f 2220 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 __\" to display t\n+00019220: 6865 2074 696d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 he time. \n 00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019240: 2020 2020 2020 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f elapsed to\n-00019250: 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 an automatical \n-00019260: 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 boot of the. \n+00019240: 2020 2020 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 elapsed to a\n+00019250: 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 626f n automatical bo\n+00019260: 6f74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 ot of the. \n 00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7420 default \n-00019290: 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 2020 6365 6e74 entry.. cent\n-000192a0: 6572 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 er_bitmap \n-000192b0: 2020 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 The file name\n-000192c0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f of the image to\n-000192d0: 2064 7261 7720 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 draw in the. \n+00019280: 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e default en\n+00019290: 7472 792e 0a20 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 try.. center\n+000192a0: 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _bitmap \n+000192b0: 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f The file name o\n+000192c0: 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 f the image to d\n+000192d0: 7261 7720 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 raw in the. \n 000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000192f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 center \n-00019300: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 of the component\n-00019310: 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6963 6b5f 6269 746d .. tick_bitm\n-00019320: 6170 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 ap Th\n-00019330: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 e file name of t\n-00019340: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6472 6177 he image to draw\n-00019350: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 for. \n-00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019370: 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 732e the tick marks.\n-00019380: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d5f 7469 636b 7320 . num_ticks \n-00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n-000193a0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 6963 6b73 number of ticks\n-000193b0: 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 6120 that make up a \n-000193c0: 6675 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 full. \n-000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000193e0: 2063 6972 636c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 circle.. ti\n-000193f0: 636b 735f 6469 7361 7070 6561 7220 2020 cks_disappear \n-00019400: 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c Boolean val\n-00019410: 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 ue indicating wh\n-00019420: 6574 6865 7220 7469 636b 0a20 2020 2020 ether tick. \n+000192f0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 center of\n+00019300: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a the component..\n+00019310: 2020 2020 2074 6963 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 tick_bitmap\n+00019320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+00019330: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 file name of the\n+00019340: 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2066 image to draw f\n+00019350: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00019370: 6865 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 he tick marks.. \n+00019380: 2020 2020 6e75 6d5f 7469 636b 7320 2020 num_ticks \n+00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e The n\n+000193a0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 6963 6b73 2074 umber of ticks t\n+000193b0: 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 6120 6675 hat make up a fu\n+000193c0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll. \n+000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+000193e0: 6972 636c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b ircle.. tick\n+000193f0: 735f 6469 7361 7070 6561 7220 2020 2020 s_disappear \n+00019400: 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 Boolean value\n+00019410: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 indicating whet\n+00019420: 6865 7220 7469 636b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 her tick. \n 00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019440: 2020 2020 2020 206d 6172 6b73 2073 686f marks sho\n-00019450: 756c 6420 7072 6f67 7265 7373 6976 656c uld progressivel\n-00019460: 7920 6170 7065 6172 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 y appear, or. \n+00019440: 2020 2020 206d 6172 6b73 2073 686f 756c marks shoul\n+00019450: 6420 7072 6f67 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 d progressively \n+00019460: 6170 7065 6172 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 appear, or. \n 00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 6573 progres\n-00019490: 7369 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 sively disappear\n-000194a0: 2061 7320 2a76 616c 7565 2a0a 2020 2020 as *value*. \n+00019480: 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 progressi\n+00019490: 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 2061 vely disappear a\n+000194a0: 7320 2a76 616c 7565 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 s *value*. \n 000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000194c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f61 6368 approach\n-000194d0: 6573 202a 656e 642a 2e20 2053 7065 6369 es *end*. Speci\n-000194e0: 6679 2022 7472 7565 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 fy \"true\" or. \n+000194c0: 2020 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 approaches\n+000194d0: 202a 656e 642a 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 *end*. Specify\n+000194e0: 2022 7472 7565 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 \"true\" or. \n 000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6661 6c73 6522 \"false\"\n-00019510: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 . Default is \"f\n-00019520: 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6172 alse\".. star\n-00019530: 745f 616e 676c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_angle \n-00019540: 2020 2054 6865 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 The position \n-00019550: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6963 of the first tic\n-00019560: 6b20 6d61 726b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 k mark to. \n+00019500: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 \"false\". \n+00019510: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c Default is \"fal\n+00019520: 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6172 745f se\".. start_\n+00019530: 616e 676c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 angle \n+00019540: 2054 6865 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 The position of\n+00019550: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6963 6b20 the first tick \n+00019560: 6d61 726b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 mark to. \n 00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019580: 2020 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 206f 7220 appear or \n-00019590: 6469 7361 7070 6561 722e 2020 4d65 6173 disappear. Meas\n-000195a0: 7572 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ured in. \n+00019580: 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 206f 7220 6469 appear or di\n+00019590: 7361 7070 6561 722e 2020 4d65 6173 7572 sappear. Measur\n+000195a0: 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed in. \n 000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000195c0: 2020 2020 2270 6172 726f 7473 222c 2031 \"parrots\", 1\n-000195d0: 2022 7061 7272 6f74 2220 3d20 3120 2f20 \"parrot\" = 1 / \n-000195e0: 3235 3620 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 256 of the. \n+000195c0: 2020 2270 6172 726f 7473 222c 2031 2022 \"parrots\", 1 \"\n+000195d0: 7061 7272 6f74 2220 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 parrot\" = 1 / 25\n+000195e0: 3620 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6 of the. \n 000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019600: 2020 2020 2020 2066 756c 6c20 6369 7263 full circ\n-00019610: 6c65 2e20 2055 7365 2076 616c 7565 7320 le. Use values \n-00019620: 2278 7878 2064 6567 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 \"xxx deg\" or. \n+00019600: 2020 2020 2066 756c 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 full circle\n+00019610: 2e20 2055 7365 2076 616c 7565 7320 2278 . Use values \"x\n+00019620: 7878 2064 6567 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 xx deg\" or. \n 00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7878 7820 5c78 \"xxx \\x\n-00019650: 6332 5c78 6230 2220 746f 2073 6574 2074 c2\\xb0\" to set t\n-00019660: 6865 2061 6e67 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 he angle in. \n+00019640: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7878 7820 5c78 6332 \"xxx \\xc2\n+00019650: 5c78 6230 2220 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 \\xb0\" to set the\n+00019660: 2061 6e67 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 angle in. \n 00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6772 6565 732e degrees.\n-00019690: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 745f 6d65 .. ... boot_me\n-000196a0: 6e75 2044 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 nu Displays the \n-000196b0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 GRUB boot menu. \n-000196c0: 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 656c 6563 It allows selec\n-000196d0: 7469 6e67 2069 7465 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 ting items. \n-000196e0: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 7468 and executing th\n-000196f0: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 em... Proper\n-00019700: 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d ties:.. item\n-00019710: 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _font \n-00019720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f The fo\n-00019730: 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 nt to use for th\n-00019740: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 e menu item. \n+00019680: 2020 2020 2020 6465 6772 6565 732e 0a0a degrees...\n+00019690: 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 ... boot_menu\n+000196a0: 2044 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 4752 Displays the GR\n+000196b0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 UB boot menu. I\n+000196c0: 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 656c 6563 7469 t allows selecti\n+000196d0: 6e67 2069 7465 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 616e ng items. an\n+000196e0: 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 7468 656d d executing them\n+000196f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 ... Properti\n+00019700: 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f66 es:.. item_f\n+00019710: 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ont \n+00019720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 The font\n+00019730: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 to use for the \n+00019740: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 menu item. \n 00019750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00019770: 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 itles.. sele\n-00019780: 6374 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 cted_item_font \n-00019790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f The fo\n-000197a0: 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 nt to use for th\n-000197b0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 e selected. \n+00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 tit\n+00019770: 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 les.. select\n+00019780: 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 ed_item_font \n+00019790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 The font\n+000197a0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 to use for the \n+000197b0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 selected. \n 000197c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 me\n-000197e0: 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 nu item, or \"inh\n-000197f0: 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 erit\" (the. \n+000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 menu\n+000197e0: 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 item, or \"inher\n+000197f0: 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 it\" (the. \n 00019800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n-00019820: 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 fault) to use \"i\n-00019830: 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2220 666f 720a 2020 tem_font\" for. \n+00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 defa\n+00019820: 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 ult) to use \"ite\n+00019830: 6d5f 666f 6e74 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 m_font\" for. \n 00019840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019860: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 the selected me\n-00019870: 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e nu item as well.\n-00019880: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 . item_color\n+00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00019860: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 he selected menu\n+00019870: 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 item as well.. \n+00019880: 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 item_color \n 00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198a0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 746f The color to\n-000198b0: 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e use for the men\n-000198c0: 7520 6974 656d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 u item. \n+000198a0: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 The color to u\n+000198b0: 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 se for the menu \n+000198c0: 6974 656d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 item. \n 000198d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 titles\n-000198f0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f .. selected_\n-00019900: 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 item_color \n-00019910: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 The color t\n-00019920: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 o use for the se\n-00019930: 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lected. \n+000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 2e0a titles..\n+000198f0: 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 selected_it\n+00019900: 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 em_color \n+00019910: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 6f20 The color to \n+00019920: 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 use for the sele\n+00019930: 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cted. \n 00019940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 menu i\n-00019960: 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 tem, or \"inherit\n-00019970: 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" (the. \n+00019950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 menu ite\n+00019960: 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 m, or \"inherit\" \n+00019970: 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (the. \n 00019980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c defaul\n-000199a0: 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f t) to use \"item_\n-000199b0: 636f 6c6f 7222 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 color\" for. \n+00019990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 default)\n+000199a0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 636f to use \"item_co\n+000199b0: 6c6f 7222 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 lor\" for. \n 000199c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 th\n-000199e0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 206d 656e 7520 e selected menu \n-000199f0: 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 2020 item as well.. \n-00019a00: 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 7769 6474 6820 2020 icon_width \n-00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a20: 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 6d65 The width of me\n-00019a30: 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 nu item icons.. \n+000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 the \n+000199e0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 206d 656e 7520 6974 selected menu it\n+000199f0: 656d 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 em as well.. \n+00019a00: 2069 636f 6e5f 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 icon_width \n+00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n+00019a20: 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 he width of menu\n+00019a30: 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 item icons.. \n 00019a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a60: 2020 4963 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7363 616c Icons are scal\n-00019a70: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 ed to the specif\n-00019a80: 6965 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ied. \n+00019a60: 4963 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 Icons are scaled\n+00019a70: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 to the specifie\n+00019a80: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n 00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 size.. \n-00019ab0: 2020 6963 6f6e 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 icon_height \n-00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ad0: 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6d65 The height of me\n-00019ae0: 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 nu item icons.. \n-00019af0: 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f68 6569 6768 7420 item_height \n+00019aa0: 2020 2020 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2020 size.. \n+00019ab0: 6963 6f6e 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 icon_height \n+00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n+00019ad0: 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 e height of menu\n+00019ae0: 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 item icons.. \n+00019af0: 2020 6974 656d 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 item_height \n 00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b10: 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 The height of \n-00019b20: 6561 6368 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 each menu item i\n-00019b30: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+00019b10: 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6561 The height of ea\n+00019b20: 6368 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 6e0a ch menu item in.\n+00019b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b50: 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 pixels.. \n-00019b60: 2020 6974 656d 5f70 6164 6469 6e67 2020 item_padding \n-00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b80: 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 The amount of sp\n-00019b90: 6163 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 7320 746f ace in pixels to\n-00019ba0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019b50: 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 pixels.. \n+00019b60: 6974 656d 5f70 6164 6469 6e67 2020 2020 item_padding \n+00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n+00019b80: 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 e amount of spac\n+00019b90: 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 7320 746f 0a20 e in pixels to. \n+00019ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bc0: 2020 2020 6c65 6176 6520 6f6e 2065 6163 leave on eac\n-00019bd0: 6820 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 h side of the me\n-00019be0: 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nu. \n+00019bc0: 2020 6c65 6176 6520 6f6e 2065 6163 6820 leave on each \n+00019bd0: 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 side of the menu\n+00019be0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c00: 2020 2020 2020 6974 656d 2063 6f6e 7465 item conte\n-00019c10: 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f69 nts.. item_i\n-00019c20: 636f 6e5f 7370 6163 6520 2020 2020 2020 con_space \n-00019c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7370 6163 The spac\n-00019c40: 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2069 7465 e between an ite\n-00019c50: 6d27 7320 6963 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 m's icon. \n+00019c00: 2020 2020 6974 656d 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 item content\n+00019c10: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f69 636f s.. item_ico\n+00019c20: 6e5f 7370 6163 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 n_space \n+00019c30: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7370 6163 6520 The space \n+00019c40: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2069 7465 6d27 between an item'\n+00019c50: 7320 6963 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 s icon. \n 00019c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 and \n-00019c80: 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 7465 7874 2c20 the title text, \n-00019c90: 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 in pixels.. \n-00019ca0: 6974 656d 5f73 7061 6369 6e67 2020 2020 item_spacing \n-00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n-00019cc0: 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 e amount of spac\n-00019cd0: 6520 746f 206c 6561 7665 0a20 2020 2020 e to leave. \n+00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 and th\n+00019c80: 6520 7469 746c 6520 7465 7874 2c20 696e e title text, in\n+00019c90: 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 pixels.. it\n+00019ca0: 656d 5f73 7061 6369 6e67 2020 2020 2020 em_spacing \n+00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+00019cc0: 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 amount of space \n+00019cd0: 746f 206c 6561 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 to leave. \n 00019ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 be\n-00019d00: 7477 6565 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d73 tween menu items\n-00019d10: 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 , in pixels.. \n-00019d20: 2020 6d65 6e75 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 menu_pixmap_st\n-00019d30: 796c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yle \n-00019d40: 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 The image file p\n-00019d50: 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 attern for the. \n+00019cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 7477 betw\n+00019d00: 6565 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d73 2c20 een menu items, \n+00019d10: 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 in pixels.. \n+00019d20: 6d65 6e75 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c menu_pixmap_styl\n+00019d30: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 e Th\n+00019d40: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 e image file pat\n+00019d50: 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 tern for the. \n 00019d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019d80: 2020 6d65 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 7479 menu frame sty\n-00019d90: 6c65 6420 626f 782e 2020 4578 616d 706c led box. Exampl\n-00019da0: 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:. \n+00019d80: 6d65 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 menu frame style\n+00019d90: 6420 626f 782e 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a d box. Example:\n+00019da0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019dc0: 2020 2020 2020 226d 656e 755f 2a2e 706e \"menu_*.pn\n-00019dd0: 6722 2028 7468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 7573 g\" (this will us\n-00019de0: 6520 696d 6167 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e images. \n+00019dc0: 2020 2020 226d 656e 755f 2a2e 706e 6722 \"menu_*.png\"\n+00019dd0: 2028 7468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 (this will use \n+00019de0: 696d 6167 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 images. \n 00019df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 6368 such\n-00019e10: 2061 7320 226d 656e 755f 632e 706e 6722 as \"menu_c.png\"\n-00019e20: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,. \n+00019e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 such a\n+00019e10: 7320 226d 656e 755f 632e 706e 6722 2c0a s \"menu_c.png\",.\n+00019e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e40: 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 5f77 2e70 6e67 \"menu_w.png\n-00019e50: 222c 2027 6d65 6e75 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 \", 'menu_nw.png\"\n-00019e60: 2c20 6574 632e 290a 2020 2020 2069 7465 , etc.). ite\n-00019e70: 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 m_pixmap_style \n-00019e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 The i\n-00019e90: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 mage file patter\n-00019ea0: 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 n for the. \n+00019e40: 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 5f77 2e70 6e67 222c \"menu_w.png\",\n+00019e50: 2027 6d65 6e75 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2c20 'menu_nw.png\", \n+00019e60: 6574 632e 290a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f etc.). item_\n+00019e70: 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 pixmap_style \n+00019e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 The ima\n+00019e90: 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 ge file pattern \n+00019ea0: 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n 00019eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7465 ite\n-00019ed0: 6d20 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 m styled box.. \n-00019ee0: 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d selected_item\n-00019ef0: 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 _pixmap_style \n-00019f00: 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 The image file \n-00019f10: 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a pattern for the.\n+00019ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 item \n+00019ed0: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 styled box.. \n+00019ee0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f70 selected_item_p\n+00019ef0: 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 2054 ixmap_style T\n+00019f00: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 he image file pa\n+00019f10: 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 ttern for the. \n 00019f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f40: 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6974 656d selected item\n-00019f50: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2073 7479 6c65 highlight style\n-00019f60: 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2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ff0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 the scroll bar \n-0001a000: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 should be drawn \n-0001a010: 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n+00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00019ff0: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7368 he scroll bar sh\n+0001a000: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6966 ould be drawn if\n+0001a010: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a030: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 the frame \n-0001a040: 616e 6420 7468 756d 6220 7374 796c 6564 and thumb styled\n-0001a050: 2062 6f78 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 boxes. \n+0001a030: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 616e the frame an\n+0001a040: 6420 7468 756d 6220 7374 796c 6564 2062 d thumb styled b\n+0001a050: 6f78 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oxes. \n 0001a060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 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Example:. \n+0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 ent\n+0001a0f0: 6972 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2e20 ire scroll bar. \n+0001a100: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 Example:. \n 0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-0001a130: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 2a2e 706e 6722 scrollbar_*.png\"\n-0001a140: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f . scrollbar_\n-0001a150: 7468 756d 6220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 thumb \n-0001a160: 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 The image fi\n-0001a170: 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 le pattern for t\n-0001a180: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 \"sc\n+0001a130: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 rollbar_*.png\". \n+0001a140: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 scrollbar_th\n+0001a150: 756d 6220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 umb \n+0001a160: 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 The image file\n+0001a170: 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 pattern for the\n+0001a180: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1a0: 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 scroll bar\n-0001a1b0: 2074 6875 6d62 2028 7468 6520 7061 7274 thumb (the part\n-0001a1c0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+0001a1a0: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 scroll bar t\n+0001a1b0: 6875 6d62 2028 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f humb (the part o\n+0001a1c0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n 0001a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c scrol\n-0001a1f0: 6c20 6261 7220 7468 6174 206d 6f76 6573 l bar that moves\n-0001a200: 2061 7320 7363 726f 6c6c 696e 670a 2020 as scrolling. \n+0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 scroll \n+0001a1f0: 6261 7220 7468 6174 206d 6f76 6573 2061 bar that moves a\n+0001a200: 7320 7363 726f 6c6c 696e 670a 2020 2020 s scrolling. \n 0001a210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a230: 206f 6363 7572 7329 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 occurs). Examp\n-0001a240: 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:. \n+0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f o\n+0001a230: 6363 7572 7329 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 ccurs). Example\n+0001a240: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n 0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a260: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \"scrollba\n-0001a270: 725f 7468 756d 625f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 r_thumb_*.png\". \n-0001a280: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 scrollbar_th\n-0001a290: 756d 625f 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 2020 2020 umb_overlay \n-0001a2a0: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n-0001a2b0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 is set to \"true\n-0001a2c0: 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \". \n+0001a260: 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f \"scrollbar_\n+0001a270: 7468 756d 625f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 thumb_*.png\". \n+0001a280: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d scrollbar_thum\n+0001a290: 625f 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 2020 2020 2020 b_overlay \n+0001a2a0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n+0001a2b0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 220a s set to \"true\".\n+0001a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a2e0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7363 then the sc\n-0001a2f0: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7468 756d 6220 7369 rollbar thumb si\n-0001a300: 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 de. \n+0001a2e0: 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7363 726f then the scro\n+0001a2f0: 6c6c 6261 7220 7468 756d 6220 7369 6465 llbar thumb side\n+0001a300: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a320: 2020 2020 2020 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 slices (ev\n-0001a330: 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 ery slice except\n-0001a340: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001a320: 2020 2020 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 slices (ever\n+0001a330: 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 2074 y slice except t\n+0001a340: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 2073 center s\n-0001a370: 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 726c lice) will overl\n-0001a380: 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ay the. \n+0001a360: 2020 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 center sli\n+0001a370: 6365 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 ce) will overlay\n+0001a380: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c scroll\n-0001a3b0: 6261 7220 6672 616d 6520 7369 6465 2073 bar frame side s\n-0001a3c0: 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 640a 2020 2020 lices. And. \n+0001a3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 scrollba\n+0001a3b0: 7220 6672 616d 6520 7369 6465 2073 6c69 r frame side sli\n+0001a3c0: 6365 732e 2020 416e 640a 2020 2020 2020 ces. And. \n 0001a3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-0001a3f0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 he center slice \n-0001a400: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n+0001a3f0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 center slice of\n+0001a400: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c scroll\n-0001a430: 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 6361 6e20 6d6f bar_thumb can mo\n-0001a440: 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ve all the. \n+0001a420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 scrollba\n+0001a430: 725f 7468 756d 6220 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 r_thumb can move\n+0001a440: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 all the. \n 0001a450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7761 wa\n-0001a470: 7920 2866 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 y (from top to b\n-0001a480: 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 670a 2020 ottom), being. \n+0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7761 7920 way \n+0001a470: 2866 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 (from top to bot\n+0001a480: 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 670a 2020 2020 tom), being. \n 0001a490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4b0: 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 drawn on the ce\n-0001a4c0: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 nter slice of th\n-0001a4d0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n+0001a4b0: 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 rawn on the cent\n+0001a4c0: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a er slice of the.\n+0001a4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4f0: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 scrollbar f\n-0001a500: 7261 6d65 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 7920 rame. That way \n-0001a510: 7765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 we can. \n+0001a4f0: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 scrollbar fra\n+0001a500: 6d65 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 me. That way we\n+0001a510: 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 can. \n 0001a520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2061 make a\n-0001a540: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6974 6820 scrollbar with \n-0001a550: 726f 756e 642d 7368 6170 6564 0a20 2020 round-shaped. \n+0001a530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 make a s\n+0001a540: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6974 6820 726f crollbar with ro\n+0001a550: 756e 642d 7368 6170 6564 0a20 2020 2020 und-shaped. \n 0001a560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a580: 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 edges so there w\n-0001a590: 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 on't be a free. \n+0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 ed\n+0001a580: 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e ges so there won\n+0001a590: 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 't be a free. \n 0001a5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5c0: 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 space from the\n-0001a5d0: 2074 6875 6d62 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 thumb to the fr\n-0001a5e0: 616d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame. \n+0001a5c0: 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 space from the t\n+0001a5d0: 6875 6d62 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d humb to the fram\n+0001a5e0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a600: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e in top an\n-0001a610: 6420 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 d bottom scrollb\n-0001a620: 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar. \n+0001a600: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 6420 in top and \n+0001a610: 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 bottom scrollbar\n+0001a620: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a640: 2020 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e positions.\n-0001a650: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 Default is \"fa\n-0001a660: 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c lse\".. scrol\n-0001a670: 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2020 2020 2020 lbar_slice \n-0001a680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206d 656e The men\n-0001a690: 7520 6672 616d 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 u frame styled b\n-0001a6a0: 6f78 2773 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 ox's slice. \n+0001a640: 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 positions. \n+0001a650: 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 Default is \"fals\n+0001a660: 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 e\".. scrollb\n+0001a670: 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar_slice \n+0001a680: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 The menu \n+0001a690: 6672 616d 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 frame styled box\n+0001a6a0: 2773 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 's slice. \n 0001a6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n-0001a6d0: 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c which the scrol\n-0001a6e0: 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 lbar will be. \n+0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2077 in w\n+0001a6d0: 6869 6368 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 hich the scrollb\n+0001a6e0: 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 ar will be. \n 0001a6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a710: 6472 6177 6e2e 2020 506f 7373 6962 6c65 drawn. Possible\n-0001a720: 2076 616c 7565 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 values are. \n+0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 dr\n+0001a710: 6177 6e2e 2020 506f 7373 6962 6c65 2076 awn. Possible v\n+0001a720: 616c 7565 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2020 alues are. \n 0001a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-0001a750: 7765 7374 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c west\", \"center\",\n-0001a760: 2022 6561 7374 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 \"east\". \n+0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7765 \"we\n+0001a750: 7374 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 st\", \"center\", \"\n+0001a760: 6561 7374 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 east\". \n 0001a770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6465 6661 (defa\n-0001a790: 756c 7429 2e20 2022 7765 7374 2220 2d20 ult). \"west\" - \n-0001a7a0: 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 the scrollbar. \n+0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6465 6661 756c (defaul\n+0001a790: 7429 2e20 2022 7765 7374 2220 2d20 7468 t). \"west\" - th\n+0001a7a0: 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 e scrollbar. \n 0001a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a7d0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 will be drawn i\n-0001a7e0: 6e20 7468 6520 7765 7374 2073 6c69 6365 n the west slice\n-0001a7f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 w\n+0001a7d0: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 ill be drawn in \n+0001a7e0: 7468 6520 7765 7374 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 the west slice. \n+0001a7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a810: 2020 2020 2872 6967 6874 2d61 6c69 676e (right-align\n-0001a820: 6564 292e 2020 2265 6173 7422 202d 2074 ed). \"east\" - t\n-0001a830: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+0001a810: 2020 2872 6967 6874 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 (right-aligned\n+0001a820: 292e 2020 2265 6173 7422 202d 2074 6865 ). \"east\" - the\n+0001a830: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a850: 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 scrollbar \n-0001a860: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e will be drawn in\n-0001a870: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001a850: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 scrollbar wi\n+0001a860: 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 ll be drawn in t\n+0001a870: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6561 7374 2073 6c69 east sli\n-0001a8a0: 6365 2028 6c65 6674 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 ce (left-aligned\n-0001a8b0: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).. \n+0001a890: 2020 2020 2020 6561 7374 2073 6c69 6365 east slice\n+0001a8a0: 2028 6c65 6674 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e (left-aligned).\n+0001a8b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 202d \"center\" -\n-0001a8e0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 the scrollbar w\n-0001a8f0: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill be. \n+0001a8d0: 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 202d 2074 \"center\" - t\n+0001a8e0: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c he scrollbar wil\n+0001a8f0: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l be. \n 0001a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 drawn \n-0001a920: 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c in the center sl\n-0001a930: 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a0a 2020 2020 ice. Note:. \n+0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 696e drawn in\n+0001a920: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+0001a930: 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 e. Note:. \n 0001a940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n-0001a960: 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 2263 656e 7465 n case of \"cente\n-0001a970: 7222 2073 6c69 6365 3a20 6129 2049 660a r\" slice: a) If.\n+0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 in \n+0001a960: 6361 7365 206f 6620 2263 656e 7465 7222 case of \"center\"\n+0001a970: 2073 6c69 6365 3a20 6129 2049 660a 2020 slice: a) If. \n 0001a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9a0: 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 the scrollbar\n-0001a9b0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2064 7261 776e should be drawn\n-0001a9c0: 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 then. \n+0001a9a0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 the scrollbar s\n+0001a9b0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2064 7261 776e 2074 hould be drawn t\n+0001a9c0: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hen. \n 0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 boot me\n-0001a9f0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 nu entry's width\n-0001aa00: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 is. \n+0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 boot menu\n+0001a9f0: 2065 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 2069 entry's width i\n+0001aa00: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s. \n 0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa20: 2020 2020 2020 2064 6563 7265 6173 6564 decreased\n-0001aa30: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 by the scrollba\n-0001aa40: 7227 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 r's width. \n+0001aa20: 2020 2020 2064 6563 7265 6173 6564 2062 decreased b\n+0001aa30: 7920 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 y the scrollbar'\n+0001aa40: 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s width. \n 0001aa50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 and\n-0001aa70: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2069 the scrollbar i\n-0001aa80: 7320 6472 6177 6e20 6174 2074 6865 0a20 s drawn at the. \n+0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 and t\n+0001aa70: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2069 7320 he scrollbar is \n+0001aa80: 6472 6177 6e20 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 drawn at the. \n 0001aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aab0: 2020 7269 6768 7420 7369 6465 206f 6620 right side of \n-0001aac0: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n-0001aad0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n+0001aab0: 7269 6768 7420 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 right side of th\n+0001aac0: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a e center slice..\n+0001aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaf0: 2020 2020 2062 2920 4966 2074 6865 2073 b) If the s\n-0001ab00: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 crollbar won't b\n-0001ab10: 6520 6472 6177 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e drawn. \n+0001aaf0: 2020 2062 2920 4966 2074 6865 2073 6372 b) If the scr\n+0001ab00: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 ollbar won't be \n+0001ab10: 6472 6177 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 drawn. \n 0001ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 then \n-0001ab40: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 656e the boot menu en\n-0001ab50: 7472 7927 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 try's width. \n+0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 then th\n+0001ab40: 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 e boot menu entr\n+0001ab50: 7927 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 y's width. \n 0001ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n-0001ab80: 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 s the width of t\n-0001ab90: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e he center slice.\n-0001aba0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7320 is \n+0001ab80: 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 the width of the\n+0001ab90: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 0a20 center slice.. \n+0001aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abc0: 2020 2020 6329 2057 6520 646f 6e27 7420 c) We don't \n-0001abd0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 6e65 6564 2074 necessary need t\n-0001abe0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+0001abc0: 2020 6329 2057 6520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 c) We don't ne\n+0001abd0: 6365 7373 6172 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6865 cessary need the\n+0001abe0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac00: 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2070 6978 6d61 menu pixma\n-0001ac10: 7020 626f 7820 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 p box to display\n-0001ac20: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001ac00: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2070 6978 6d61 7020 menu pixmap \n+0001ac10: 626f 7820 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 box to display t\n+0001ac20: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 scrollba\n-0001ac50: 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 r.. scrollba\n-0001ac60: 725f 6c65 6674 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 r_left_pad \n-0001ac70: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6674 2073 The left s\n-0001ac80: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 crollbar padding\n-0001ac90: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+0001ac40: 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 722e scrollbar.\n+0001ac50: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f . scrollbar_\n+0001ac60: 6c65 6674 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 left_pad \n+0001ac70: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6674 2073 6372 The left scr\n+0001ac80: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 ollbar padding i\n+0001ac90: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n 0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001acb0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 pixels. \n-0001acc0: 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 Unused if. \n+0001acb0: 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e pixels. Un\n+0001acc0: 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 used if. \n 0001acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 \"sc\n-0001acf0: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 rollbar_slice\" i\n-0001ad00: 7320 2277 6573 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 s \"west\".. s\n-0001ad10: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f72 6967 6874 5f70 crollbar_right_p\n-0001ad20: 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 ad The\n-0001ad30: 2072 6967 6874 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 right scrollbar\n-0001ad40: 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 padding in. \n+0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f \"scro\n+0001acf0: 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 llbar_slice\" is \n+0001ad00: 2277 6573 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 \"west\".. scr\n+0001ad10: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f72 6967 6874 5f70 6164 ollbar_right_pad\n+0001ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 The r\n+0001ad30: 6967 6874 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 ight scrollbar p\n+0001ad40: 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 adding in. \n 0001ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-0001ad70: 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 ixels. Unused i\n-0001ad80: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f. \n+0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n+0001ad70: 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a els. Unused if.\n+0001ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ada0: 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f \"scrollbar_\n-0001adb0: 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2265 6173 7422 slice\" is \"east\"\n-0001adc0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n-0001add0: 5f74 6f70 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 _top_pad \n-0001ade0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6f70 2073 6372 The top scr\n-0001adf0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 ollbar padding i\n-0001ae00: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+0001ada0: 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c \"scrollbar_sl\n+0001adb0: 6963 6522 2069 7320 2265 6173 7422 2e0a ice\" is \"east\"..\n+0001adc0: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 scrollbar_t\n+0001add0: 6f70 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 op_pad \n+0001ade0: 2020 2054 6865 2074 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c The top scrol\n+0001adf0: 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a lbar padding in.\n+0001ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae20: 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 pixels.. \n-0001ae30: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 626f 7474 scrollbar_bott\n-0001ae40: 6f6d 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 om_pad \n-0001ae50: 5468 6520 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c The bottom scrol\n-0001ae60: 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a lbar padding in.\n+0001ae20: 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 pixels.. \n+0001ae30: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 626f 7474 6f6d scrollbar_bottom\n+0001ae40: 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 _pad Th\n+0001ae50: 6520 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 e bottom scrollb\n+0001ae60: 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 ar padding in. \n 0001ae70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae90: 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 pixels.. \n-0001aea0: 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 visible \n-0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 Se\n-0001aec0: 7420 746f 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 t to \"false\" to \n-0001aed0: 6869 6465 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 hide the boot. \n+0001ae90: 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 pixels.. vi\n+0001aea0: 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sible \n+0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n+0001aec0: 746f 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 6869 to \"false\" to hi\n+0001aed0: 6465 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 de the boot. \n 0001aee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001af00: 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 menu... ... c\n-0001af10: 616e 7661 7320 4361 6e76 6173 2069 7320 anvas Canvas is \n-0001af20: 6120 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 7468 6174 a container that\n-0001af30: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2070 allows manual p\n-0001af40: 6c61 6365 6d65 6e74 206f 660a 2020 2020 lacement of. \n-0001af50: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 7468 components with\n-0001af60: 696e 2069 742e 2020 4974 2064 6f65 7320 in it. It does \n-0001af70: 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 6520 706f not alter the po\n-0001af80: 7369 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2063 sitions of its c\n-0001af90: 6869 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e hild. compon\n-0001afa0: 656e 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6173 7369 676e ents. It assign\n-0001afb0: 7320 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6420 636f 6d70 s all child comp\n-0001afc0: 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6865 6972 2070 7265 onents their pre\n-0001afd0: 6665 7272 6564 2073 697a 6573 2e0a 0a20 ferred sizes... \n-0001afe0: 2020 e280 a220 6862 6f78 2054 6865 202a ... hbox The *\n-0001aff0: 6862 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 hbox* container \n-0001b000: 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 7473 2063 6869 lays out its chi\n-0001b010: 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d 206c 6566 7420 ldren from left \n-0001b020: 746f 2072 6967 6874 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 to right,. g\n-0001b030: 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 206f 6e65 2069 iving each one i\n-0001b040: 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 ts preferred wid\n-0001b050: 7468 2e20 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 th. The height \n-0001b060: 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6368 696c 6420 6973 of each child is\n-0001b070: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 . set to the\n-0001b080: 206d 6178 696d 756d 206f 6620 7468 6520 maximum of the \n-0001b090: 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 preferred height\n-0001b0a0: 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 s of all childre\n-0001b0b0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2076 626f 7820 n... ... vbox \n-0001b0c0: 5468 6520 2a76 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 The *vbox* conta\n-0001b0d0: 696e 6572 206c 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 iner lays out it\n-0001b0e0: 7320 6368 696c 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 s children from \n-0001b0f0: 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d2c 0a20 top to bottom,. \n-0001b100: 2020 2020 6769 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 giving each \n-0001b110: 6f6e 6520 6974 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 one its preferre\n-0001b120: 6420 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2054 6865 2077 d height. The w\n-0001b130: 6964 7468 206f 6620 6561 6368 2063 6869 idth of each chi\n-0001b140: 6c64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 ld is. set t\n-0001b150: 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 o the maximum of\n-0001b160: 2074 6865 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 the preferred w\n-0001b170: 6964 7468 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 idths of all chi\n-0001b180: 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 372e 332e 3620 436f ldren...7.3.6 Co\n-0001b190: 6d6d 6f6e 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 730a mmon properties.\n+0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n+0001af00: 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 616e enu... ... can\n+0001af10: 7661 7320 4361 6e76 6173 2069 7320 6120 vas Canvas is a \n+0001af20: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 7468 6174 2061 container that a\n+0001af30: 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2070 6c61 llows manual pla\n+0001af40: 6365 6d65 6e74 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 cement of. c\n+0001af50: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 7468 696e omponents within\n+0001af60: 2069 742e 2020 4974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f it. It does no\n+0001af70: 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 6520 706f 7369 t alter the posi\n+0001af80: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6869 tions of its chi\n+0001af90: 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ld. componen\n+0001afa0: 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6173 7369 676e 7320 ts. It assigns \n+0001afb0: 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e all child compon\n+0001afc0: 656e 7473 2074 6865 6972 2070 7265 6665 ents their prefe\n+0001afd0: 7272 6564 2073 697a 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 rred sizes... \n+0001afe0: e280 a220 6862 6f78 2054 6865 202a 6862 ... hbox The *hb\n+0001aff0: 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 ox* container la\n+0001b000: 7973 206f 7574 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 ys out its child\n+0001b010: 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d 206c 6566 7420 746f ren from left to\n+0001b020: 2072 6967 6874 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 6976 right,. giv\n+0001b030: 696e 6720 6561 6368 206f 6e65 2069 7473 ing each one its\n+0001b040: 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 preferred width\n+0001b050: 2e20 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 . 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The distan\n-0001b2f0: 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 ce from the left\n-0001b300: 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 border of conta\n-0001b310: 696e 6572 2074 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 iner to left bor\n-0001b320: 6465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 der of. the \n-0001b330: 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 object in same f\n-0001b340: 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 7769 6474 68e2 ormat.....width.\n-0001b350: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 ... The widt\n-0001b360: 6820 6f66 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 h of object in s\n-0001b370: 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9868 ame format.....h\n-0001b380: 6569 6768 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 eight.... Th\n-0001b390: 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 e height of obje\n-0001b3a0: 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 ct in same forma\n-0001b3b0: 742e 0ae2 8098 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 t.....id.... \n-0001b3c0: 2054 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 The identifier \n-0001b3d0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e for the componen\n-0001b3e0: 742e 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 t. This can be \n-0001b3f0: 616e 7920 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 2020 any arbitrary. \n-0001b400: 2020 2073 7472 696e 672e 2020 5468 6520 string. The \n-0001b410: 4944 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 ID can be used b\n-0001b420: 7920 7363 7269 7074 7320 746f 2072 6566 y scripts to ref\n-0001b430: 6572 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 er to various. \n-0001b440: 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e components in\n-0001b450: 2074 6865 2047 5549 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 the GUI compone\n-0001b460: 6e74 2074 7265 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e nt tree. Curren\n-0001b470: 746c 792c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6f6e tly, there is on\n-0001b480: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 616c 2049 e. special I\n-0001b490: 4420 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 D value that GRU\n-0001b4a0: 4220 7265 636f 676e 697a 6573 3a0a 0a20 B recognizes:.. \n-0001b4b0: 2020 2020 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f \"__timeout__\n-0001b4c0: 2220 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 \" Component wit\n-0001b4d0: 6820 7468 6973 2049 4420 7769 6c6c 2062 h this ID will b\n-0001b4e0: 6520 7570 6461 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 e updated by GRU\n-0001b4f0: 420a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 B. \n-0001b500: 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2069 and will i\n-0001b510: 6e64 6963 6174 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 ndicate time ela\n-0001b520: 7073 6564 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d psed to an autom\n-0001b530: 6174 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 atical. \n-0001b540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 boot \n-0001b550: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 of the default e\n-0001b560: 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 ntry. Affected \n-0001b570: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 components:. \n-0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001b590: 226c 6162 656c 222c 2022 6369 7263 756c \"label\", \"circul\n-0001b5a0: 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7322 2c20 2270 ar_progress\", \"p\n-0001b5b0: 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 7222 2e0a 0a1f rogress_bar\"....\n-0001b5c0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0001b5d0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b , Node: Network\n-0001b5e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 , Next: Serial \n-0001b5f0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a terminal, Prev:\n-0001b600: 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d Theme file form\n-0001b610: 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3820 at, Up: Top..8 \n-0001b620: 426f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2066 726f Booting GRUB fro\n-0001b630: 6d20 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a2a m the network.**\n+0001b1b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f -----..The follo\n+0001b1c0: 7769 6e67 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 wing properties \n+0001b1d0: 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6279 are supported by\n+0001b1e0: 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 733a all components:\n+0001b1f0: 0ae2 8098 6c65 6674 e280 990a 2020 2020 ....left.... \n+0001b200: 2054 6865 2064 6973 7461 6e63 6520 6672 The distance fr\n+0001b210: 6f6d 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 om the left bord\n+0001b220: 6572 206f 6620 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 er of container \n+0001b230: 746f 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f to left border o\n+0001b240: 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206f 626a 6563 f. the objec\n+0001b250: 7420 696e 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 t in either of t\n+0001b260: 6872 6565 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 3a0a 2020 hree formats:. \n+0001b270: 2020 2078 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x \n+0001b280: 2020 5661 6c75 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c Value in pixel\n+0001b290: 730a 2020 2020 2070 2520 2020 2020 2020 s. p% \n+0001b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 5065 7263 656e 7461 6765 Percentage\n+0001b2b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7025 2b78 2020 2020 2020 . p%+x \n+0001b2c0: 2020 2020 206d 6978 7475 7265 206f 6620 mixture of \n+0001b2d0: 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 746f 70e2 8099 0a20 both....top.... \n+0001b2e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6469 7374 616e 6365 The distance\n+0001b2f0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 2062 from the left b\n+0001b300: 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 696e order of contain\n+0001b310: 6572 2074 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 er to left borde\n+0001b320: 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6f62 r of. the ob\n+0001b330: 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 ject in same for\n+0001b340: 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 7769 6474 68e2 8099 mat.....width...\n+0001b350: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 . The width \n+0001b360: 6f66 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d of object in sam\n+0001b370: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9868 6569 e format.....hei\n+0001b380: 6768 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ght.... The \n+0001b390: 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 height of object\n+0001b3a0: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e in same format.\n+0001b3b0: 0ae2 8098 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ....id.... T\n+0001b3c0: 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 666f he identifier fo\n+0001b3d0: 7220 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e r the component.\n+0001b3e0: 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e This can be an\n+0001b3f0: 7920 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 2020 2020 y arbitrary. \n+0001b400: 2073 7472 696e 672e 2020 5468 6520 4944 string. The ID\n+0001b410: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 can be used by \n+0001b420: 7363 7269 7074 7320 746f 2072 6566 6572 scripts to refer\n+0001b430: 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 to various. \n+0001b440: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 components in t\n+0001b450: 6865 2047 5549 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 he GUI component\n+0001b460: 2074 7265 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c tree. Currentl\n+0001b470: 792c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6f6e 650a y, there is one.\n+0001b480: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 616c 2049 4420 special ID \n+0001b490: 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 value that GRUB \n+0001b4a0: 7265 636f 676e 697a 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 recognizes:.. \n+0001b4b0: 2020 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 \"__timeout__\" \n+0001b4c0: 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 Component with \n+0001b4d0: 7468 6973 2049 4420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 this ID will be \n+0001b4e0: 7570 6461 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a updated by GRUB.\n+0001b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001b500: 2020 2020 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2069 6e64 and will ind\n+0001b510: 6963 6174 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 icate time elaps\n+0001b520: 6564 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 ed to an automat\n+0001b530: 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ical. \n+0001b540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 boot of\n+0001b550: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 the default ent\n+0001b560: 7279 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 636f ry. Affected co\n+0001b570: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 mponents:. \n+0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226c \"l\n+0001b590: 6162 656c 222c 2022 6369 7263 756c 6172 abel\", \"circular\n+0001b5a0: 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7322 2c20 2270 726f _progress\", \"pro\n+0001b5b0: 6772 6573 735f 6261 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 gress_bar\".....F\n+0001b5c0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0001b5d0: 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 Node: Network, \n+0001b5e0: 204e 6578 743a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 Next: Serial te\n+0001b5f0: 726d 696e 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 rminal, Prev: T\n+0001b600: 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 heme file format\n+0001b610: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f , Up: Top..8 Bo\n+0001b620: 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 oting GRUB from \n+0001b630: 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a the network.****\n 0001b640: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 *************..T\n-0001b660: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e73 he following ins\n-0001b670: 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 6e27 7420 tructions don't \n-0001b680: 776f 726b 2066 6f72 202a 2d65 6d75 2c20 work for *-emu, \n-0001b690: 6933 3836 2d71 656d 752c 0a69 3338 362d i386-qemu,.i386-\n-0001b6a0: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d coreboot, i386-m\n-0001b6b0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 6d69 7073 5f6c ultiboot, mips_l\n-0001b6c0: 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e2c 206d 6970 732d 6172 oongson, mips-ar\n-0001b6d0: 6320 616e 640a 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f c and.mips_qemu_\n-0001b6e0: 6d69 7073 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6765 6e65 mips.. To gene\n-0001b6f0: 7261 7465 2061 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 rate a netbootab\n-0001b700: 6c65 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 7275 le directory, ru\n-0001b710: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b n:.. grub-mk\n-0001b720: 6e65 7464 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 netdir --net-dir\n-0001b730: 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 ectory=/srv/tftp\n-0001b740: 202d 2d73 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f --subdir=/boot/\n-0001b750: 6772 7562 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 grub -d /usr/lib\n-0001b760: 2f67 7275 622f 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e /grub/\n-0001b770: 0a0a 2020 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2069 .. E.g. for i\n-0001b780: 3338 362d 7063 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 386-pc:.. gr\n-0001b790: 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 ub-mknetdir --ne\n-0001b7a0: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 t-directory=/srv\n-0001b7b0: 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 3d2f /tftp --subdir=/\n-0001b7c0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 202f 7573 boot/grub -d /us\n-0001b7d0: 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d r/lib/grub/i386-\n-0001b7e0: 7063 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 666f 6c6c pc.. Then foll\n-0001b7f0: 6f77 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 ow instructions \n-0001b800: 7072 696e 7465 6420 6f75 7420 6279 2067 printed out by g\n-0001b810: 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 206f 6e20 rub-mknetdir on \n-0001b820: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 696e 670a 796f 7572 configuring.your\n-0001b830: 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 DHCP server... \n-0001b840: 2020 5468 6520 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2066 The grub.cfg f\n-0001b850: 696c 6520 6973 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696e ile is placed in\n-0001b860: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 7265 6374 the same direct\n-0001b870: 6f72 7920 6173 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 ory as the path \n-0001b880: 6f75 7470 7574 0a62 7920 6772 7562 2d6d output.by grub-m\n-0001b890: 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 6865 7265 6166 7465 knetdir hereafte\n-0001b8a0: 7220 7265 6665 7272 6564 2074 6f20 6173 r referred to as\n-0001b8b0: 2046 5750 4154 482e 2047 5255 4220 7769 FWPATH. GRUB wi\n-0001b8c0: 6c6c 2073 6561 7263 6820 666f 720a 6974 ll search for.it\n-0001b8d0: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 s configuration \n-0001b8e0: 6669 6c65 7320 696e 206f 7264 6572 2075 files in order u\n-0001b8f0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 sing the followi\n-0001b900: 6e67 2072 756c 6573 2077 6865 7265 2074 ng rules where t\n-0001b910: 6865 0a61 7070 656e 6465 6420 7661 6c75 he.appended valu\n-0001b920: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f e corresponds to\n-0001b930: 2061 2076 616c 7565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 a value on the \n-0001b940: 636c 6965 6e74 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e0a client machine..\n-0001b950: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n-0001b960: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 ).../grub.cfg-..\n-0001b970: 9828 5555 4944 204f 4620 4d41 4348 494e .(UUID OF MACHIN\n-0001b980: 4529 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 E).... ...(F\n-0001b990: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n-0001b9a0: 6667 2de2 8098 284d 4143 2041 4444 5245 fg-...(MAC ADDRE\n-0001b9b0: 5353 204f 4620 4e49 4329 e280 990a 2020 SS OF NIC).... \n-0001b9c0: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n-0001b9d0: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 2849 ./grub.cfg-...(I\n-0001b9e0: 5076 3420 4f52 2049 5076 3620 4144 4452 Pv4 OR IPv6 ADDR\n-0001b9f0: 4553 5329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ESS).... ...\n-0001ba00: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n-0001ba10: 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2055 5549 .cfg.. The UUI\n-0001ba20: 4420 6973 2074 6865 2043 6c69 656e 7420 D is the Client \n-0001ba30: 4d61 6368 696e 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 Machine Identifi\n-0001ba40: 6572 204f 7074 696f 6e20 4465 6669 6e69 er Option Defini\n-0001ba50: 7469 6f6e 2061 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 tion as.specifie\n-0001ba60: 6420 696e 2052 4643 2034 3537 382e 2020 d in RFC 4578. \n-0001ba70: 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 The client will \n-0001ba80: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 only attempt to \n-0001ba90: 6c6f 6f75 6b20 7570 2061 2055 5549 440a loouk up a UUID.\n-0001baa0: 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 6966 2069 config file if i\n-0001bab0: 7420 7761 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 t was provided b\n-0001bac0: 7920 7468 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 y the DHCP serve\n-0001bad0: 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e r... The clien\n-0001bae0: 7420 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 t will only atte\n-0001baf0: 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f6f 6b20 7570 2061 mpt to look up a\n-0001bb00: 6e20 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 n IPv6 address c\n-0001bb10: 6f6e 6669 6720 6f6e 6365 2c0a 686f 7765 onfig once,.howe\n-0001bb20: 7665 722c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 ver, it will try\n-0001bb30: 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 6d75 6c74 6970 the IPv4 multip\n-0001bb40: 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2063 le times. The c\n-0001bb50: 6f6e 6372 6574 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a oncrete example.\n-0001bb60: 6265 6c6f 7720 7368 6f77 7320 7768 6174 below shows what\n-0001bb70: 2077 6f75 6c64 2068 6170 7065 6e20 756e would happen un\n-0001bb80: 6465 7220 7468 6520 4950 7634 2063 6173 der the IPv4 cas\n-0001bb90: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 5549 443a 2037 e... UUID: 7\n-0001bba0: 3732 3661 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 726a678-7fc0-485\n-0001bbb0: 332d 6134 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3-a4f6-c85ac36a1\n-0001bbc0: 3230 610a 2020 2020 204d 4143 3a20 2035 20a. MAC: 5\n-0001bbd0: 323a 3534 3a30 303a 6563 3a33 333a 3831 2:54:00:ec:33:81\n-0001bbe0: 0a20 2020 2020 4950 5634 3a20 3130 2e30 . IPV4: 10.0\n-0001bbf0: 2e30 2e31 3330 2028 3041 3030 3030 3832 .0.130 (0A000082\n-0001bc00: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 ).. ...(FWPA\n-0001bc10: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n-0001bc20: 3737 3236 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 7726a678-7fc0-48\n-0001bc30: 3533 2d61 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 53-a4f6-c85ac36a\n-0001bc40: 3132 3061 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 120a. ...(FW\n-0001bc50: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n-0001bc60: 672d 3532 2d35 342d 3030 2d65 632d 3333 g-52-54-00-ec-33\n-0001bc70: 2d38 310a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 -81. ...(FWP\n-0001bc80: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001bc90: 2d30 4130 3030 3038 320a 2020 2020 20e2 -0A000082. .\n-0001bca0: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n-0001bcb0: 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 0a20 ub.cfg-0A00008. \n-0001bcc0: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n-0001bcd0: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 ../grub.cfg-0A00\n-0001bce0: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 00. ...(FWPA\n-0001bcf0: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n-0001bd00: 3041 3030 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 0A000. ...(F\n-0001bd10: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n-0001bd20: 6667 2d30 4130 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 fg-0A00. ...\n-0001bd30: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n-0001bd40: 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 0a20 2020 2020 e280 .cfg-0A0. ..\n-0001bd50: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n-0001bd60: 622e 6366 672d 3041 0a20 2020 2020 e280 b.cfg-0A. ..\n-0001bd70: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n-0001bd80: 622e 6366 672d 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 b.cfg-0. ...\n-0001bd90: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n-0001bda0: 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6665 .cfg.. This fe\n-0001bdb0: 6174 7572 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 ature is enabled\n-0001bdc0: 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6275 7420 by default but \n-0001bdd0: 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c it can be disabl\n-0001bde0: 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 ed by setting.th\n-0001bdf0: 6520 e280 9866 6561 7475 7265 5f6e 6574 e ...feature_net\n-0001be00: 5f73 6561 7263 685f 6366 67e2 8099 2074 _search_cfg... t\n-0001be10: 6f20 e280 986e e280 992e 2020 5369 6e63 o ...n.... Sinc\n-0001be20: 6520 7468 6973 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2062 e this happens b\n-0001be30: 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 efore the.config\n-0001be40: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 uration file is \n-0001be50: 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 2c20 7468 read by GRUB, th\n-0001be60: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6861 7320 746f is option has to\n-0001be70: 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2069 6e20 be disabled in \n-0001be80: 616e 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 an.embedded conf\n-0001be90: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 iguration file (\n-0001bea0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 *note Embedded c\n-0001beb0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e onfiguration::).\n-0001bec0: 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 .. After GRUB \n-0001bed0: 6861 7320 7374 6172 7465 642c 2066 696c has started, fil\n-0001bee0: 6573 206f 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 2073 es on the TFTP s\n-0001bef0: 6572 7665 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6163 erver will be ac\n-0001bf00: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 0a76 6961 2074 6865 cessible.via the\n-0001bf10: 20e2 8098 2874 6674 7029 e280 9920 6465 ...(tftp)... de\n-0001bf20: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7365 vice... The se\n-0001bf30: 7276 6572 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 rver IP address \n-0001bf40: 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 can be controlle\n-0001bf50: 6420 6279 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 d by changing th\n-0001bf60: 6520 e280 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 0a64 e ...(tftp)....d\n-0001bf70: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 e280 evice name to ..\n-0001bf80: 9828 7466 7470 2c53 4552 5645 522d 4950 .(tftp,SERVER-IP\n-0001bf90: 29e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 ).... Note that\n-0001bfa0: 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 this should be \n-0001bfb0: 6368 616e 6765 640a 626f 7468 2069 6e20 changed.both in \n-0001bfc0: 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 2061 6e64 2069 the prefix and i\n-0001bfd0: 6e20 616e 7920 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6573 n any references\n-0001bfe0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e to the device n\n-0001bff0: 616d 6520 696e 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 ame in the.confi\n-0001c000: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 0a0a guration file...\n-0001c010: 2020 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 GRUB provides\n-0001c020: 2073 6576 6572 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e several environ\n-0001c030: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 ment variables w\n-0001c040: 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 hich may be used\n-0001c050: 2074 6f0a 696e 7370 6563 7420 6f72 2063 to.inspect or c\n-0001c060: 6861 6e67 6520 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 hange the behavi\n-0001c070: 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2050 5845 2064 our of the PXE d\n-0001c080: 6576 6963 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2066 evice. In the f\n-0001c090: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a64 6573 6372 6970 ollowing.descrip\n-0001c0a0: 7469 6f6e 203c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e tion \n-0001c0b0: 2069 7320 706c 6163 6568 6f6c 6465 7220 is placeholder \n-0001c0c0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 for the name of \n-0001c0d0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 network interfac\n-0001c0e0: 650a 2870 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6465 7065 e.(platform depe\n-0001c0f0: 6e64 656e 7429 3a0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f ndent):.....net_\n-0001c100: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 e280 _ip..\n-0001c110: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f .. The netwo\n-0001c120: 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 2049 rk interface's I\n-0001c130: 5020 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 P address. Read\n-0001c140: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c -only......net_<\n-0001c150: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 e280 INTERFACE>_mac..\n-0001c160: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f .. The netwo\n-0001c170: 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d rk interface's M\n-0001c180: 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 AC address. Rea\n-0001c190: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n-0001c1a0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n-0001c1b0: 6e74 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ntid.... The\n-0001c1c0: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 6964 2070 726f 7669 client id provi\n-0001c1d0: 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 ded by DHCP. Rea\n-0001c1e0: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n-0001c1f0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n-0001c200: 6e74 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ntuuid.... T\n-0001c210: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7575 6964 2070 he client uuid p\n-0001c220: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e rovided by DHCP.\n-0001c230: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n-0001c240: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-0001c250: 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 hostname.... \n-0001c260: 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 686f 7374 The client host\n-0001c270: 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 name provided b\n-0001c280: 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c y DHCP. Read-onl\n-0001c290: 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 y......net__domain...\n-0001c2b0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 . The client\n-0001c2c0: 2064 6f6d 6169 6e20 6e61 6d65 2070 726f domain name pro\n-0001c2d0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 vided by DHCP. R\n-0001c2e0: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n-0001c2f0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f t__ro\n-0001c300: 6f74 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 otpath.... T\n-0001c310: 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 he path to the c\n-0001c320: 6c69 656e 7427 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6973 lient's root dis\n-0001c330: 6b20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 k provided by DH\n-0001c340: 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a CP. Read-only...\n-0001c350: e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 ...net__extensionspat\n-0001c370: 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7061 h.... The pa\n-0001c380: 7468 2074 6f20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c th to additional\n-0001c390: 2044 4843 5020 7665 6e64 6f72 2065 7874 DHCP vendor ext\n-0001c3a0: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 ensions provided\n-0001c3b0: 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 by DHCP.. R\n-0001c3c0: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n-0001c3d0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n-0001c3e0: 6f74 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ot_file.... \n-0001c3f0: 5468 6520 626f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 6e61 The boot file na\n-0001c400: 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 me provided by D\n-0001c410: 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a HCP. Read-only..\n-0001c420: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__dhcp_server_\n-0001c440: 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 name.... The\n-0001c450: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2044 4843 name of the DHC\n-0001c460: 5020 7365 7276 6572 2072 6573 706f 6e73 P server respons\n-0001c470: 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2062 ible for these b\n-0001c480: 6f6f 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a oot parameters..\n-0001c490: 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a Read-only..\n-0001c4a0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__next_server.\n-0001c4c0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4950 2061 ... The IP a\n-0001c4d0: 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e65 ddress of the ne\n-0001c4e0: 7874 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2054 4654 xt (usually, TFT\n-0001c4f0: 5029 2073 6572 7665 7220 7072 6f76 6964 P) server provid\n-0001c500: 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 ed by DHCP.. \n-0001c510: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n-0001c520: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 net_default_inte\n-0001c530: 7266 6163 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e rface.... In\n-0001c540: 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 746f 206e itially set to n\n-0001c550: 616d 6520 6f66 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 ame of network i\n-0001c560: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2074 6861 7420 7761 nterface that wa\n-0001c570: 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 s used to load. \n-0001c580: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2e20 2052 6561 642d grub. Read-\n-0001c590: 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 write, although \n-0001c5a0: 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 2061 6666 6563 setting it affec\n-0001c5b0: 7473 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 7465 7270 7265 ts only interpre\n-0001c5c0: 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 tation. of .\n-0001c5d0: 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 ..net_default_ip\n-0001c5e0: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986e 6574 5f64 ... and ...net_d\n-0001c5f0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 0ae2 efault_mac......\n-0001c600: 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 ..net_default_ip\n-0001c610: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 5020 .... The IP \n-0001c620: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2064 6566 6175 address of defau\n-0001c630: 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2052 lt interface. R\n-0001c640: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ead-only. This \n-0001c650: 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 is alias for. \n-0001c660: 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e the ...net_${n\n-0001c670: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 et_default_inter\n-0001c680: 6661 6365 7d5f 6970 e280 992e 0a0a e280 face}_ip........\n-0001c690: 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 .net_default_mac\n-0001c6a0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 .... The def\n-0001c6b0: 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 ault interface's\n-0001c6c0: 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 MAC address. R\n-0001c6d0: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ead-only. This \n-0001c6e0: 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 is alias for. \n-0001c6f0: 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e the ...net_${n\n-0001c700: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 et_default_inter\n-0001c710: 6661 6365 7d5f 6d61 63e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 face}_mac.......\n-0001c720: 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 ..net_default_se\n-0001c730: 7276 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 rver.... The\n-0001c740: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6572 7665 7220 default server \n-0001c750: 7573 6564 2062 7920 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 used by network \n-0001c760: 6472 6976 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 drives (*note De\n-0001c770: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e0a vice syntax::)..\n-0001c780: 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c Read-write,\n-0001c790: 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e although settin\n-0001c7a0: 6720 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 g this is only u\n-0001c7b0: 7365 6675 6c20 6265 666f 7265 206f 7065 seful before ope\n-0001c7c0: 6e69 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7477 ning a. netw\n-0001c7d0: 6f72 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ork device.....F\n-0001c7e0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0001c7f0: 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 Node: Serial te\n-0001c800: 726d 696e 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2056 rminal, Next: V\n-0001c810: 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b endor power-on k\n-0001c820: 6579 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 eys, Prev: Netw\n-0001c830: 6f72 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 ork, Up: Top..9\n-0001c840: 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7669 6120 Using GRUB via \n-0001c850: 6120 7365 7269 616c 206c 696e 650a 2a2a a serial line.**\n+0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 ***********..The\n+0001b660: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 following instr\n+0001b670: 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 6e27 7420 776f uctions don't wo\n+0001b680: 726b 2066 6f72 202a 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 rk for *-emu, i3\n+0001b690: 3836 2d71 656d 752c 0a69 3338 362d 636f 86-qemu,.i386-co\n+0001b6a0: 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c reboot, i386-mul\n+0001b6b0: 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f tiboot, mips_loo\n+0001b6c0: 6e67 736f 6e2c 206d 6970 732d 6172 6320 ngson, mips-arc \n+0001b6d0: 616e 640a 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 and.mips_qemu_mi\n+0001b6e0: 7073 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 ps.. To genera\n+0001b6f0: 7465 2061 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 te a netbootable\n+0001b700: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a directory, run:\n+0001b710: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 .. grub-mkne\n+0001b720: 7464 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 tdir --net-direc\n+0001b730: 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d tory=/srv/tftp -\n+0001b740: 2d73 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 -subdir=/boot/gr\n+0001b750: 7562 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 ub -d /usr/lib/g\n+0001b760: 7275 622f 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e 0a0a rub/..\n+0001b770: 2020 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2069 3338 E.g. for i38\n+0001b780: 362d 7063 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 6-pc:.. grub\n+0001b790: 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d -mknetdir --net-\n+0001b7a0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 directory=/srv/t\n+0001b7b0: 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f ftp --subdir=/bo\n+0001b7c0: 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f ot/grub -d /usr/\n+0001b7d0: 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 lib/grub/i386-pc\n+0001b7e0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 .. Then follow\n+0001b7f0: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 instructions pr\n+0001b800: 696e 7465 6420 6f75 7420 6279 2067 7275 inted out by gru\n+0001b810: 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 206f 6e20 636f b-mknetdir on co\n+0001b820: 6e66 6967 7572 696e 670a 796f 7572 2044 nfiguring.your D\n+0001b830: 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 HCP server... \n+0001b840: 5468 6520 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2066 696c The grub.cfg fil\n+0001b850: 6520 6973 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 e is placed in t\n+0001b860: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 he same director\n+0001b870: 7920 6173 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f75 y as the path ou\n+0001b880: 7470 7574 0a62 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e tput.by grub-mkn\n+0001b890: 6574 6469 7220 6865 7265 6166 7465 7220 etdir hereafter \n+0001b8a0: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2074 6f20 6173 2046 referred to as F\n+0001b8b0: 5750 4154 482e 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c WPATH. GRUB will\n+0001b8c0: 2073 6561 7263 6820 666f 720a 6974 7320 search for.its \n+0001b8d0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+0001b8e0: 6c65 7320 696e 206f 7264 6572 2075 7369 les in order usi\n+0001b8f0: 6e67 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ng the following\n+0001b900: 2072 756c 6573 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 rules where the\n+0001b910: 0a61 7070 656e 6465 6420 7661 6c75 6520 .appended value \n+0001b920: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2061 corresponds to a\n+0001b930: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636c value on the cl\n+0001b940: 6965 6e74 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 ient machine... \n+0001b950: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n+0001b960: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 ../grub.cfg-...(\n+0001b970: 5555 4944 204f 4620 4d41 4348 494e 4529 UUID OF MACHINE)\n+0001b980: e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 .... ...(FWP\n+0001b990: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n+0001b9a0: 2de2 8098 284d 4143 2041 4444 5245 5353 -...(MAC ADDRESS\n+0001b9b0: 204f 4620 4e49 4329 e280 990a 2020 2020 OF NIC).... \n+0001b9c0: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n+0001b9d0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 2849 5076 grub.cfg-...(IPv\n+0001b9e0: 3420 4f52 2049 5076 3620 4144 4452 4553 4 OR IPv6 ADDRES\n+0001b9f0: 5329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 S).... ...(F\n+0001ba00: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001ba10: 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2055 5549 4420 fg.. The UUID \n+0001ba20: 6973 2074 6865 2043 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 is the Client Ma\n+0001ba30: 6368 696e 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 chine Identifier\n+0001ba40: 204f 7074 696f 6e20 4465 6669 6e69 7469 Option Definiti\n+0001ba50: 6f6e 2061 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 on as.specified \n+0001ba60: 696e 2052 4643 2034 3537 382e 2020 5468 in RFC 4578. Th\n+0001ba70: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e e client will on\n+0001ba80: 6c79 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f ly attempt to lo\n+0001ba90: 6f75 6b20 7570 2061 2055 5549 440a 636f ouk up a UUID.co\n+0001baa0: 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 6966 2069 7420 nfig file if it \n+0001bab0: 7761 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 was provided by \n+0001bac0: 7468 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e the DHCP server.\n+0001bad0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 .. The client \n+0001bae0: 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 will only attemp\n+0001baf0: 7420 746f 206c 6f6f 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 t to look up an \n+0001bb00: 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 6f6e IPv6 address con\n+0001bb10: 6669 6720 6f6e 6365 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 fig once,.howeve\n+0001bb20: 722c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 r, it will try t\n+0001bb30: 6865 2049 5076 3420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 he IPv4 multiple\n+0001bb40: 2074 696d 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6e times. The con\n+0001bb50: 6372 6574 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a 6265 crete example.be\n+0001bb60: 6c6f 7720 7368 6f77 7320 7768 6174 2077 low shows what w\n+0001bb70: 6f75 6c64 2068 6170 7065 6e20 756e 6465 ould happen unde\n+0001bb80: 7220 7468 6520 4950 7634 2063 6173 652e r the IPv4 case.\n+0001bb90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 5549 443a 2037 3732 .. UUID: 772\n+0001bba0: 3661 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6a678-7fc0-4853-\n+0001bbb0: 6134 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 a4f6-c85ac36a120\n+0001bbc0: 610a 2020 2020 204d 4143 3a20 2035 323a a. MAC: 52:\n+0001bbd0: 3534 3a30 303a 6563 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 54:00:ec:33:81. \n+0001bbe0: 2020 2020 4950 5634 3a20 3130 2e30 2e30 IPV4: 10.0.0\n+0001bbf0: 2e31 3330 2028 3041 3030 3030 3832 290a .130 (0A000082).\n+0001bc00: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n+0001bc10: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3737 ).../grub.cfg-77\n+0001bc20: 3236 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 26a678-7fc0-4853\n+0001bc30: 2d61 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 -a4f6-c85ac36a12\n+0001bc40: 3061 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 0a. ...(FWPA\n+0001bc50: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n+0001bc60: 3532 2d35 342d 3030 2d65 632d 3333 2d38 52-54-00-ec-33-8\n+0001bc70: 310a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 1. ...(FWPAT\n+0001bc80: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 H).../grub.cfg-0\n+0001bc90: 4130 3030 3038 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 A000082. ...\n+0001bca0: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n+0001bcb0: 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 0a20 2020 .cfg-0A00008. \n+0001bcc0: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n+0001bcd0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 /grub.cfg-0A0000\n+0001bce0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n+0001bcf0: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 ).../grub.cfg-0A\n+0001bd00: 3030 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 000. ...(FWP\n+0001bd10: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n+0001bd20: 2d30 4130 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 -0A00. ...(F\n+0001bd30: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001bd40: 6667 2d30 4130 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 fg-0A0. ...(\n+0001bd50: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n+0001bd60: 6366 672d 3041 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 cfg-0A. ...(\n+0001bd70: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n+0001bd80: 6366 672d 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 cfg-0. ...(F\n+0001bd90: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001bda0: 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6665 6174 fg.. This feat\n+0001bdb0: 7572 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 ure is enabled b\n+0001bdc0: 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6275 7420 6974 y default but it\n+0001bdd0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 can be disabled\n+0001bde0: 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 by setting.the \n+0001bdf0: e280 9866 6561 7475 7265 5f6e 6574 5f73 ...feature_net_s\n+0001be00: 6561 7263 685f 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 earch_cfg... to \n+0001be10: e280 986e e280 992e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 ...n.... Since \n+0001be20: 7468 6973 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2062 6566 this happens bef\n+0001be30: 6f72 6520 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ore the.configur\n+0001be40: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7265 ation file is re\n+0001be50: 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6973 ad by GRUB, this\n+0001be60: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6861 7320 746f 2062 option has to b\n+0001be70: 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2069 6e20 616e e disabled in an\n+0001be80: 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 .embedded config\n+0001be90: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e uration file (*n\n+0001bea0: 6f74 6520 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e ote Embedded con\n+0001beb0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a figuration::)...\n+0001bec0: 2020 2041 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 6861 After GRUB ha\n+0001bed0: 7320 7374 6172 7465 642c 2066 696c 6573 s started, files\n+0001bee0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 2073 6572 on the TFTP ser\n+0001bef0: 7665 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6163 6365 ver will be acce\n+0001bf00: 7373 6962 6c65 0a76 6961 2074 6865 20e2 ssible.via the .\n+0001bf10: 8098 2874 6674 7029 e280 9920 6465 7669 ..(tftp)... devi\n+0001bf20: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7365 7276 ce... The serv\n+0001bf30: 6572 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6361 er IP address ca\n+0001bf40: 6e20 6265 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 n be controlled \n+0001bf50: 6279 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6520 by changing the \n+0001bf60: e280 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 ...(tftp)....dev\n+0001bf70: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 e280 9828 ice name to ...(\n+0001bf80: 7466 7470 2c53 4552 5645 522d 4950 29e2 tftp,SERVER-IP).\n+0001bf90: 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 ... Note that t\n+0001bfa0: 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6368 his should be ch\n+0001bfb0: 616e 6765 640a 626f 7468 2069 6e20 7468 anged.both in th\n+0001bfc0: 6520 7072 6566 6978 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 e prefix and in \n+0001bfd0: 616e 7920 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2074 any references t\n+0001bfe0: 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d o the device nam\n+0001bff0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 e in the.configu\n+0001c000: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 ration file... \n+0001c010: 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2073 GRUB provides s\n+0001c020: 6576 6572 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 everal environme\n+0001c030: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 nt variables whi\n+0001c040: 6368 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 ch may be used t\n+0001c050: 6f0a 696e 7370 6563 7420 6f72 2063 6861 o.inspect or cha\n+0001c060: 6e67 6520 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 nge the behaviou\n+0001c070: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2050 5845 2064 6576 r of the PXE dev\n+0001c080: 6963 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c ice. In the fol\n+0001c090: 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a64 6573 6372 6970 7469 lowing.descripti\n+0001c0a0: 6f6e 203c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 2069 on i\n+0001c0b0: 7320 706c 6163 6568 6f6c 6465 7220 666f s placeholder fo\n+0001c0c0: 7220 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 r the name of ne\n+0001c0d0: 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a twork interface.\n+0001c0e0: 2870 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 (platform depend\n+0001c0f0: 656e 7429 3a0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 ent):.....net__ip....\n+0001c110: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b The network\n+0001c120: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 2049 5020 interface's IP \n+0001c130: 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f address. Read-o\n+0001c140: 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e nly......net__mac....\n+0001c160: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b The network\n+0001c170: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 interface's MAC\n+0001c180: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d address. Read-\n+0001c190: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__client\n+0001c1b0: 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 id.... The c\n+0001c1c0: 6c69 656e 7420 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 lient id provide\n+0001c1d0: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d d by DHCP. Read-\n+0001c1e0: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__client\n+0001c200: 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 uuid.... The\n+0001c210: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7575 6964 2070 726f client uuid pro\n+0001c220: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 vided by DHCP. R\n+0001c230: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n+0001c240: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f t__ho\n+0001c250: 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 stname.... T\n+0001c260: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 686f 7374 206e he client host n\n+0001c270: 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 ame provided by \n+0001c280: 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e DHCP. Read-only.\n+0001c290: 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 .....net__domain.... \n+0001c2b0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2064 The client d\n+0001c2c0: 6f6d 6169 6e20 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 omain name provi\n+0001c2d0: 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 ded by DHCP. Rea\n+0001c2e0: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n+0001c2f0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f 6f74 _root\n+0001c300: 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 path.... The\n+0001c310: 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6c69 path to the cli\n+0001c320: 656e 7427 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 ent's root disk \n+0001c330: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n+0001c340: 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 . Read-only.....\n+0001c350: 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e .net_\n+0001c360: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 _extensionspath.\n+0001c370: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 ... The path\n+0001c380: 2074 6f20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 to additional D\n+0001c390: 4843 5020 7665 6e64 6f72 2065 7874 656e HCP vendor exten\n+0001c3a0: 7369 6f6e 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 sions provided b\n+0001c3b0: 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 y DHCP.. Rea\n+0001c3c0: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n+0001c3d0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f 6f74 _boot\n+0001c3e0: 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 _file.... Th\n+0001c3f0: 6520 626f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 e boot file name\n+0001c400: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 provided by DHC\n+0001c410: 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 P. Read-only....\n+0001c420: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__dhcp_server_na\n+0001c440: 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e me.... The n\n+0001c450: 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 ame of the DHCP \n+0001c460: 7365 7276 6572 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 server responsib\n+0001c470: 6c65 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2062 6f6f le for these boo\n+0001c480: 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 t parameters.. \n+0001c490: 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 Read-only....\n+0001c4a0: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__next_server...\n+0001c4c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4950 2061 6464 . The IP add\n+0001c4d0: 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e65 7874 ress of the next\n+0001c4e0: 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2054 4654 5029 (usually, TFTP)\n+0001c4f0: 2073 6572 7665 7220 7072 6f76 6964 6564 server provided\n+0001c500: 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 by DHCP.. R\n+0001c510: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n+0001c520: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 t_default_interf\n+0001c530: 6163 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 6974 ace.... Init\n+0001c540: 6961 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 746f 206e 616d ially set to nam\n+0001c550: 6520 6f66 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 e of network int\n+0001c560: 6572 6661 6365 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 erface that was \n+0001c570: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 used to load. \n+0001c580: 2020 6772 7562 2e20 2052 6561 642d 7772 grub. Read-wr\n+0001c590: 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 ite, although se\n+0001c5a0: 7474 696e 6720 6974 2061 6666 6563 7473 tting it affects\n+0001c5b0: 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 only interpreta\n+0001c5c0: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 tion. of ...\n+0001c5d0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 net_default_ip..\n+0001c5e0: 9920 616e 6420 e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 . and ...net_def\n+0001c5f0: 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 0ae2 8098 ault_mac........\n+0001c600: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 net_default_ip..\n+0001c610: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 5020 6164 .. The IP ad\n+0001c620: 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2064 6566 6175 6c74 dress of default\n+0001c630: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2052 6561 interface. Rea\n+0001c640: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 d-only. This is\n+0001c650: 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 alias for. \n+0001c660: 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 the ...net_${net\n+0001c670: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 _default_interfa\n+0001c680: 6365 7d5f 6970 e280 992e 0a0a e280 986e ce}_ip.........n\n+0001c690: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 et_default_mac..\n+0001c6a0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n+0001c6b0: 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d lt interface's M\n+0001c6c0: 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 AC address. Rea\n+0001c6d0: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 d-only. This is\n+0001c6e0: 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 alias for. \n+0001c6f0: 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 the ...net_${net\n+0001c700: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 _default_interfa\n+0001c710: 6365 7d5f 6d61 63e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ce}_mac.........\n+0001c720: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n+0001c730: 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 er.... The d\n+0001c740: 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6572 7665 7220 7573 efault server us\n+0001c750: 6564 2062 7920 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 ed by network dr\n+0001c760: 6976 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 ives (*note Devi\n+0001c770: 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 ce syntax::).. \n+0001c780: 2020 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 Read-write, a\n+0001c790: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 lthough setting \n+0001c7a0: 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 this is only use\n+0001c7b0: 6675 6c20 6265 666f 7265 206f 7065 6e69 ful before openi\n+0001c7c0: 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 ng a. networ\n+0001c7d0: 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c k device.....Fil\n+0001c7e0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0001c7f0: 6f64 653a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d ode: Serial term\n+0001c800: 696e 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2056 656e inal, Next: Ven\n+0001c810: 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 dor power-on key\n+0001c820: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 s, Prev: Networ\n+0001c830: 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2055 k, Up: Top..9 U\n+0001c840: 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7669 6120 6120 sing GRUB via a \n+0001c850: 7365 7269 616c 206c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a serial line.****\n 0001c860: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 ************..Th\n-0001c880: 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2064 6573 6372 is chapter descr\n-0001c890: 6962 6573 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 6520 ibes how to use \n-0001c8a0: 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 the serial termi\n-0001c8b0: 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 696e 2047 nal support in G\n-0001c8c0: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 RUB... If you \n-0001c8d0: 6861 7665 206d 616e 7920 636f 6d70 7574 have many comput\n-0001c8e0: 6572 7320 6f72 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 ers or computers\n-0001c8f0: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2064 6973 706c 6179 with no display\n-0001c900: 2f6b 6579 626f 6172 642c 2069 740a 636f /keyboard, it.co\n-0001c910: 756c 6420 6265 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 uld be very usef\n-0001c920: 756c 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 ul to control th\n-0001c930: 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 7468 726f e computers thro\n-0001c940: 7567 6820 7365 7269 616c 0a63 6f6d 6d75 ugh serial.commu\n-0001c950: 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 546f 2063 nications. To c\n-0001c960: 6f6e 6e65 6374 206f 6e65 2063 6f6d 7075 onnect one compu\n-0001c970: 7465 7220 7769 7468 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 ter with another\n-0001c980: 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 via a serial li\n-0001c990: 6e65 2c0a 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ne,.you need to \n-0001c9a0: 7072 6570 6172 6520 6120 6e75 6c6c 2d6d prepare a null-m\n-0001c9b0: 6f64 656d 2028 6372 6f73 7329 2073 6572 odem (cross) ser\n-0001c9c0: 6961 6c20 6361 626c 652c 2061 6e64 2079 ial cable, and y\n-0001c9d0: 6f75 206d 6179 206e 6565 640a 746f 2068 ou may need.to h\n-0001c9e0: 6176 6520 6d75 6c74 6970 6f72 7420 7365 ave multiport se\n-0001c9f0: 7269 616c 2062 6f61 7264 732c 2069 6620 rial boards, if \n-0001ca00: 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 646f your computer do\n-0001ca10: 6573 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2065 7874 7261 esn't have extra\n-0001ca20: 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 732e 2020 .serial ports. \n-0001ca30: 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e2c 2061 2074 In addition, a t\n-0001ca40: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 erminal emulator\n-0001ca50: 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 is also require\n-0001ca60: 642c 2073 7563 680a 6173 206d 696e 6963 d, such.as minic\n-0001ca70: 6f6d 2e20 2052 6566 6572 2074 6f20 6120 om. Refer to a \n-0001ca80: 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f manual of your o\n-0001ca90: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c perating system,\n-0001caa0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d for more.inform\n-0001cab0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 666f ation... As fo\n-0001cac0: 7220 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 696e 7374 r GRUB, the inst\n-0001cad0: 7275 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 ruction to set u\n-0001cae0: 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 p a serial termi\n-0001caf0: 6e61 6c20 6973 2071 7569 7465 0a73 696d nal is quite.sim\n-0001cb00: 706c 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e ple. Here is an\n-0001cb10: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n-0001cb20: 6772 7562 3e20 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d75 grub> serial --u\n-0001cb30: 6e69 743d 3020 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3936 nit=0 --speed=96\n-0001cb40: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7465 00. grub> te\n-0001cb50: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 rminal_input ser\n-0001cb60: 6961 6c3b 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 ial; terminal_ou\n-0001cb70: 7470 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 0a20 2020 tput serial.. \n-0001cb80: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 The command ...s\n-0001cb90: 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2069 6e69 7469 616c erial... initial\n-0001cba0: 697a 6573 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 izes the serial \n-0001cbb0: 756e 6974 2030 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 unit 0 with the \n-0001cbc0: 7370 6565 640a 3936 3030 6270 732e 2020 speed.9600bps. \n-0001cbd0: 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2075 6e69 7420 The serial unit \n-0001cbe0: 3020 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2063 616c 0 is usually cal\n-0001cbf0: 6c65 6420 e280 9843 4f4d 31e2 8099 2c20 led ...COM1..., \n-0001cc00: 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 so, if you want \n-0001cc10: 746f 0a75 7365 2043 4f4d 322c 2079 6f75 to.use COM2, you\n-0001cc20: 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 e280 must specify ..\n-0001cc30: 982d 2d75 6e69 743d 31e2 8099 2069 6e73 .--unit=1... ins\n-0001cc40: 7465 6164 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d tead. This comm\n-0001cc50: 616e 6420 6163 6365 7074 730a 6d61 6e79 and accepts.many\n-0001cc60: 206f 7468 6572 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 other options, \n-0001cc70: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2066 *note serial:: f\n-0001cc80: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e or more details.\n-0001cc90: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .. The command\n-0001cca0: 7320 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e s ...terminal_in\n-0001ccb0: 7075 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 put... (*note te\n-0001ccc0: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2920 rminal_input::) \n-0001ccd0: 616e 640a e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f and....terminal_\n-0001cce0: 6f75 7470 7574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 output... (*note\n-0001ccf0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n-0001cd00: 3a3a 2920 6368 6f6f 7365 2077 6869 6368 ::) choose which\n-0001cd10: 2074 7970 6520 6f66 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 type of.termina\n-0001cd20: 6c20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 l you want to us\n-0001cd30: 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2063 6173 6520 e. In the case \n-0001cd40: 6162 6f76 652c 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 above, the termi\n-0001cd50: 6e61 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 610a 7365 nal will be a.se\n-0001cd60: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2062 rial terminal, b\n-0001cd70: 7574 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 ut you can also \n-0001cd80: 7061 7373 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 pass ...console.\n-0001cd90: 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e .. to the comman\n-0001cda0: 642c 2061 730a e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 d, as....termina\n-0001cdb0: 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c 2063 l_input serial c\n-0001cdc0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 992e 2020 496e 2074 onsole.... In t\n-0001cdd0: 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c20 6120 7465 726d his case, a term\n-0001cde0: 696e 616c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f inal in which yo\n-0001cdf0: 750a 7072 6573 7320 616e 7920 6b65 7920 u.press any key \n-0001ce00: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 will be selected\n-0001ce10: 2061 7320 6120 4752 5542 2074 6572 6d69 as a GRUB termi\n-0001ce20: 6e61 6c2e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2065 7861 nal. In the exa\n-0001ce30: 6d70 6c65 0a61 626f 7665 2c20 6e6f 7465 mple.above, note\n-0001ce40: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 that you need t\n-0001ce50: 6f20 7075 7420 626f 7468 2063 6f6d 6d61 o put both comma\n-0001ce60: 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 nds on the same \n-0001ce70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c0a 6173 command line,.as\n-0001ce80: 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 7365 2074 you will lose t\n-0001ce90: 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 7479 he ability to ty\n-0001cea0: 7065 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 pe commands on t\n-0001ceb0: 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6674 6572 he console after\n-0001cec0: 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 the.first comma\n-0001ced0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c nd... However,\n-0001cee0: 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 note that GRUB \n-0001cef0: 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 assumes that you\n-0001cf00: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 r terminal emula\n-0001cf10: 746f 7220 6973 0a63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c tor is.compatibl\n-0001cf20: 6520 7769 7468 2056 5431 3030 2062 7920 e with VT100 by \n-0001cf30: 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 default. This i\n-0001cf40: 7320 7472 7565 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 s true for most \n-0001cf50: 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a65 6d75 6c61 746f terminal.emulato\n-0001cf60: 7273 206e 6f77 6164 6179 732c 2062 7574 rs nowadays, but\n-0001cf70: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7061 7373 you should pass\n-0001cf80: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d the option ...-\n-0001cf90: 2d64 756d 62e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 650a -dumb... to the.\n-0001cfa0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6966 2079 6f75 7220 command if your \n-0001cfb0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f terminal emulato\n-0001cfc0: 7220 6973 206e 6f74 2056 5431 3030 2d63 r is not VT100-c\n-0001cfd0: 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f72 2069 6d70 ompatible or imp\n-0001cfe0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 6665 7720 5654 3130 lements.few VT10\n-0001cff0: 3020 6573 6361 7065 2073 6571 7565 6e63 0 escape sequenc\n-0001d000: 6573 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 es. If you spec\n-0001d010: 6966 7920 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ify this option \n-0001d020: 7468 656e 2047 5255 420a 7072 6f76 6964 then GRUB.provid\n-0001d030: 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 616e 2061 es you with an a\n-0001d040: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 lternative menu \n-0001d050: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2062 6563 6175 interface, becau\n-0001d060: 7365 2074 6865 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d65 se the normal me\n-0001d070: 6e75 0a72 6571 7569 7265 7320 7365 7665 nu.requires seve\n-0001d080: 7261 6c20 6661 6e63 7920 6665 6174 7572 ral fancy featur\n-0001d090: 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 es of your termi\n-0001d0a0: 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 nal.....File: gr\n-0001d0b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0001d0c0: 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 Vendor power-on \n-0001d0d0: 6b65 7973 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6d61 keys, Next: Ima\n-0001d0e0: 6765 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 7269 ges, Prev: Seri\n-0001d0f0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 5570 al terminal, Up\n-0001d100: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3020 5573 696e 6720 : Top..10 Using \n-0001d110: 4752 5542 2077 6974 6820 7665 6e64 6f72 GRUB with vendor\n-0001d120: 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a power-on keys.*\n+0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 **********..This\n+0001c880: 2063 6861 7074 6572 2064 6573 6372 6962 chapter describ\n+0001c890: 6573 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 es how to use th\n+0001c8a0: 6520 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 e serial termina\n+0001c8b0: 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 696e 2047 5255 l support in GRU\n+0001c8c0: 422e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 B... If you ha\n+0001c8d0: 7665 206d 616e 7920 636f 6d70 7574 6572 ve many computer\n+0001c8e0: 7320 6f72 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 s or computers w\n+0001c8f0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2f6b ith no display/k\n+0001c900: 6579 626f 6172 642c 2069 740a 636f 756c eyboard, it.coul\n+0001c910: 6420 6265 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c d be very useful\n+0001c920: 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 6520 to control the \n+0001c930: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 7468 726f 7567 computers throug\n+0001c940: 6820 7365 7269 616c 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 h serial.communi\n+0001c950: 6361 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 546f 2063 6f6e cations. To con\n+0001c960: 6e65 6374 206f 6e65 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 nect one compute\n+0001c970: 7220 7769 7468 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 r with another v\n+0001c980: 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 ia a serial line\n+0001c990: 2c0a 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 ,.you need to pr\n+0001c9a0: 6570 6172 6520 6120 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 epare a null-mod\n+0001c9b0: 656d 2028 6372 6f73 7329 2073 6572 6961 em (cross) seria\n+0001c9c0: 6c20 6361 626c 652c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 l cable, and you\n+0001c9d0: 206d 6179 206e 6565 640a 746f 2068 6176 may need.to hav\n+0001c9e0: 6520 6d75 6c74 6970 6f72 7420 7365 7269 e multiport seri\n+0001c9f0: 616c 2062 6f61 7264 732c 2069 6620 796f al boards, if yo\n+0001ca00: 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 646f 6573 ur computer does\n+0001ca10: 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2065 7874 7261 0a73 n't have extra.s\n+0001ca20: 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 732e 2020 496e erial ports. In\n+0001ca30: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 addition, a ter\n+0001ca40: 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 minal emulator i\n+0001ca50: 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 642c s also required,\n+0001ca60: 2073 7563 680a 6173 206d 696e 6963 6f6d such.as minicom\n+0001ca70: 2e20 2052 6566 6572 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 . Refer to a ma\n+0001ca80: 6e75 616c 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 nual of your ope\n+0001ca90: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 rating system, f\n+0001caa0: 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more.informat\n+0001cab0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 666f 7220 ion... As for \n+0001cac0: 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 GRUB, the instru\n+0001cad0: 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 ction to set up \n+0001cae0: 6120 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 a serial termina\n+0001caf0: 6c20 6973 2071 7569 7465 0a73 696d 706c l is quite.simpl\n+0001cb00: 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 e. Here is an e\n+0001cb10: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 xample:.. gr\n+0001cb20: 7562 3e20 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 ub> serial --uni\n+0001cb30: 743d 3020 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 t=0 --speed=9600\n+0001cb40: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7465 726d . grub> term\n+0001cb50: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 inal_input seria\n+0001cb60: 6c3b 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 l; terminal_outp\n+0001cb70: 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 ut serial.. Th\n+0001cb80: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6572 e command ...ser\n+0001cb90: 6961 6ce2 8099 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a ial... initializ\n+0001cba0: 6573 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e es the serial un\n+0001cbb0: 6974 2030 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 it 0 with the sp\n+0001cbc0: 6565 640a 3936 3030 6270 732e 2020 5468 eed.9600bps. Th\n+0001cbd0: 6520 7365 7269 616c 2075 6e69 7420 3020 e serial unit 0 \n+0001cbe0: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 is usually calle\n+0001cbf0: 6420 e280 9843 4f4d 31e2 8099 2c20 736f d ...COM1..., so\n+0001cc00: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f , if you want to\n+0001cc10: 0a75 7365 2043 4f4d 322c 2079 6f75 206d .use COM2, you m\n+0001cc20: 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 e280 982d ust specify ...-\n+0001cc30: 2d75 6e69 743d 31e2 8099 2069 6e73 7465 -unit=1... inste\n+0001cc40: 6164 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e ad. This comman\n+0001cc50: 6420 6163 6365 7074 730a 6d61 6e79 206f d accepts.many o\n+0001cc60: 7468 6572 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e ther options, *n\n+0001cc70: 6f74 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 ote serial:: for\n+0001cc80: 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a more details...\n+0001cc90: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 The commands \n+0001cca0: e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 ...terminal_inpu\n+0001ccb0: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d t... (*note term\n+0001ccc0: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2920 616e inal_input::) an\n+0001ccd0: 640a e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 d....terminal_ou\n+0001cce0: 7470 7574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 tput... (*note t\n+0001ccf0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a erminal_output::\n+0001cd00: 2920 6368 6f6f 7365 2077 6869 6368 2074 ) choose which t\n+0001cd10: 7970 6520 6f66 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ype of.terminal \n+0001cd20: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 652e you want to use.\n+0001cd30: 2020 496e 2074 6865 2063 6173 6520 6162 In the case ab\n+0001cd40: 6f76 652c 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ove, the termina\n+0001cd50: 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 610a 7365 7269 l will be a.seri\n+0001cd60: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2062 7574 al terminal, but\n+0001cd70: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 7061 you can also pa\n+0001cd80: 7373 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 ss ...console...\n+0001cd90: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c to the command,\n+0001cda0: 2061 730a e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f as....terminal_\n+0001cdb0: 696e 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c 2063 6f6e input serial con\n+0001cdc0: 736f 6c65 e280 992e 2020 496e 2074 6869 sole.... In thi\n+0001cdd0: 7320 6361 7365 2c20 6120 7465 726d 696e s case, a termin\n+0001cde0: 616c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f 750a al in which you.\n+0001cdf0: 7072 6573 7320 616e 7920 6b65 7920 7769 press any key wi\n+0001ce00: 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2061 ll be selected a\n+0001ce10: 7320 6120 4752 5542 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s a GRUB termina\n+0001ce20: 6c2e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 l. In the examp\n+0001ce30: 6c65 0a61 626f 7665 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 le.above, note t\n+0001ce40: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 hat you need to \n+0001ce50: 7075 7420 626f 7468 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 put both command\n+0001ce60: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 636f s on the same co\n+0001ce70: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c0a 6173 2079 mmand line,.as y\n+0001ce80: 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 7365 2074 6865 ou will lose the\n+0001ce90: 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 7479 7065 ability to type\n+0001cea0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 commands on the\n+0001ceb0: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6674 6572 2074 console after t\n+0001cec0: 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 he.first command\n+0001ced0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 206e ... However, n\n+0001cee0: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6173 ote that GRUB as\n+0001cef0: 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 sumes that your \n+0001cf00: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f terminal emulato\n+0001cf10: 7220 6973 0a63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 r is.compatible \n+0001cf20: 7769 7468 2056 5431 3030 2062 7920 6465 with VT100 by de\n+0001cf30: 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 fault. This is \n+0001cf40: 7472 7565 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7465 true for most te\n+0001cf50: 726d 696e 616c 0a65 6d75 6c61 746f 7273 rminal.emulators\n+0001cf60: 206e 6f77 6164 6179 732c 2062 7574 2079 nowadays, but y\n+0001cf70: 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7061 7373 2074 ou should pass t\n+0001cf80: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d64 he option ...--d\n+0001cf90: 756d 62e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 650a 636f umb... to the.co\n+0001cfa0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6966 2079 6f75 7220 7465 mmand if your te\n+0001cfb0: 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 rminal emulator \n+0001cfc0: 6973 206e 6f74 2056 5431 3030 2d63 6f6d is not VT100-com\n+0001cfd0: 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f72 2069 6d70 6c65 patible or imple\n+0001cfe0: 6d65 6e74 730a 6665 7720 5654 3130 3020 ments.few VT100 \n+0001cff0: 6573 6361 7065 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 escape sequences\n+0001d000: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 . If you specif\n+0001d010: 7920 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7468 y this option th\n+0001d020: 656e 2047 5255 420a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 en GRUB.provides\n+0001d030: 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 616e 2061 6c74 you with an alt\n+0001d040: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 696e ernative menu in\n+0001d050: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 terface, because\n+0001d060: 2074 6865 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d65 6e75 the normal menu\n+0001d070: 0a72 6571 7569 7265 7320 7365 7665 7261 .requires severa\n+0001d080: 6c20 6661 6e63 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 l fancy features\n+0001d090: 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 of your termina\n+0001d0a0: 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 l.....File: grub\n+0001d0b0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5665 .info, Node: Ve\n+0001d0c0: 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 ndor power-on ke\n+0001d0d0: 7973 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6d61 6765 ys, Next: Image\n+0001d0e0: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 7269 616c s, Prev: Serial\n+0001d0f0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 terminal, Up: \n+0001d100: 546f 700a 0a31 3020 5573 696e 6720 4752 Top..10 Using GR\n+0001d110: 5542 2077 6974 6820 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 UB with vendor p\n+0001d120: 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a 2a2a ower-on keys.***\n 0001d130: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 0001d140: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d150: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 206c 6170 ******..Some lap\n-0001d160: 746f 7020 7665 6e64 6f72 7320 7072 6f76 top vendors prov\n-0001d170: 6964 6520 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ide an additiona\n-0001d180: 6c20 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 2062 7574 746f l power-on butto\n-0001d190: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 626f 6f74 730a 616e n which boots.an\n-0001d1a0: 6f74 6865 7220 4f53 2e20 4752 5542 2073 other OS. GRUB s\n-0001d1b0: 7570 706f 7274 7320 7375 6368 2062 7574 upports such but\n-0001d1c0: 746f 6e73 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 tons with the ..\n-0001d1d0: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_BU\n-0001d1e0: 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 TTON...,....GRUB\n-0001d1f0: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 _TIMEOUT_STYLE_B\n-0001d200: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 UTTON..., ...GRU\n-0001d210: 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e B_DEFAULT_BUTTON\n-0001d220: e280 992c 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 ..., and....GRUB\n-0001d230: 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 _BUTTON_CMOS_ADD\n-0001d240: 5245 5353 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 RESS... variable\n-0001d250: 7320 696e 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 s in default/gru\n-0001d260: 6220 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a b (*note Simple.\n-0001d270: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n-0001d280: 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f . ...GRUB_TIMEO\n-0001d290: 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 UT_BUTTON..., ..\n-0001d2a0: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n-0001d2b0: 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0a61 YLE_BUTTON...,.a\n-0001d2c0: 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 nd ...GRUB_DEFAU\n-0001d2d0: 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2061 7265 LT_BUTTON... are\n-0001d2e0: 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 used instead of\n-0001d2f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 the correspondi\n-0001d300: 6e67 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 ng.variables wit\n-0001d310: 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 hout the ..._BUT\n-0001d320: 544f 4ee2 8099 2073 7566 6669 7820 7768 TON... suffix wh\n-0001d330: 656e 2070 6f77 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7573 en powered on us\n-0001d340: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c0a ing the special.\n-0001d350: 6275 7474 6f6e 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 button. ...GRUB\n-0001d360: 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 _BUTTON_CMOS_ADD\n-0001d370: 5245 5353 e280 9920 6973 2076 656e 646f RESS... is vendo\n-0001d380: 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2061 6e64 2070 r-specific and p\n-0001d390: 6172 7469 616c 6c79 0a6d 6f64 656c 2d73 artially.model-s\n-0001d3a0: 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 pecific. Values\n-0001d3b0: 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 known to the GR\n-0001d3c0: 5542 2074 6561 6d20 6172 653a 0a0a 3c44 UB team are:...\n-0001d3e0: 2020 2020 2031 3231 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 121:3.. \n-0001d400: 2038 353a 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 4c61 7469 85:3.. \n-0001d420: 2038 353a 330a 3c41 7375 7320 4565 6550 85:3.. 8\n-0001d440: 343a 3120 2875 6e63 6f6e 6669 726d 6564 4:1 (unconfirmed\n-0001d450: 290a 3c4c 454e 4f56 4f20 5468 696e 6b50 ).. 101:3..\n-0001d480: 2020 2054 6f20 7461 6b65 2066 756c 6c20 To take full \n-0001d490: 6164 7661 6e74 6167 6520 6f66 2074 6869 advantage of thi\n-0001d4a0: 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 7374 s function, inst\n-0001d4b0: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 all GRUB into th\n-0001d4c0: 6520 4d42 520a 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e73 e MBR.(*note Ins\n-0001d4d0: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 talling GRUB usi\n-0001d4e0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a ng grub-install:\n-0001d4f0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 :)... If you h\n-0001d500: 6176 6520 6120 6c61 7074 6f70 2077 6869 ave a laptop whi\n-0001d510: 6368 2068 6173 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 ch has a similar\n-0001d520: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 feature and not\n-0001d530: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 650a 6c69 in the above.li\n-0001d540: 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 2079 6f75 2066 6967 st could you fig\n-0001d550: 7572 6520 796f 7572 2061 6464 7265 7373 ure your address\n-0001d560: 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 653f and contribute?\n-0001d570: 2020 546f 2064 6973 636f 7665 7220 7468 To discover th\n-0001d580: 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 646f 2074 6865 e.address do the\n-0001d590: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 2020 20e2 following:. .\n-0001d5a0: 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 .. boot normally\n-0001d5b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 . ... sud\n-0001d5c0: 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d o modprobe nvram\n-0001d5d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 . sudo \n-0001d5e0: 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c cat /dev/nvram |\n-0001d5f0: 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6275 xxd > normal_bu\n-0001d600: 7474 6f6e 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tton.txt. ... \n-0001d610: 626f 6f74 2075 7369 6e67 2076 656e 646f boot using vendo\n-0001d620: 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 r button. ... \n-0001d630: 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f sudo modpro\n-0001d640: 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 be nvram. \n-0001d650: 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 sudo cat /dev\n-0001d660: 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e /nvram | xxd > n\n-0001d670: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 7665 6e64 6f72 2e74 7874 ormal_vendor.txt\n-0001d680: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 6172 .. Then compar\n-0001d690: 6520 7468 6573 6520 7465 7874 2066 696c e these text fil\n-0001d6a0: 6573 2061 6e64 2066 696e 6420 7768 6572 es and find wher\n-0001d6b0: 6520 6120 6269 7420 7761 7320 746f 6767 e a bit was togg\n-0001d6c0: 6c65 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a69 6e20 6361 led. E.g..in ca\n-0001d6d0: 7365 206f 6620 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 2069 se of Dell XPS i\n-0001d6e0: 7420 7761 733a 0a20 2020 2020 6279 7465 t was:. byte\n-0001d6f0: 2030 7834 373a 2032 3020 2d2d 3e20 3238 0x47: 20 --> 28\n-0001d700: 0a20 2020 4974 2773 2061 2062 6974 206e . It's a bit n\n-0001d710: 756d 6265 7220 3320 6173 2073 6565 6e20 umber 3 as seen \n-0001d720: 6672 6f6d 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 from following t\n-0001d730: 6162 6c65 3a0a 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 able:.0 \n-0001d740: 2020 2020 2030 310a 3120 2020 2020 2020 01.1 \n-0001d750: 2020 2020 2020 2030 320a 3220 2020 2020 02.2 \n-0001d760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 340a 3320 2020 04.3 \n-0001d770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 380a 3420 08.4 \n-0001d780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 300a 10.\n-0001d790: 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 5 2\n-0001d7a0: 300a 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 0.6 \n-0001d7b0: 2034 300a 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 40.7 \n-0001d7c0: 2020 2038 300a 0a20 2020 3078 3437 2069 80.. 0x47 i\n-0001d7d0: 7320 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 3731 2e20 204c s decimal 71. L\n-0001d7e0: 696e 7578 206e 7672 616d 2069 6d70 6c65 inux nvram imple\n-0001d7f0: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6375 7473 2066 mentation cuts f\n-0001d800: 6972 7374 2031 3420 6279 7465 730a 6f66 irst 14 bytes.of\n-0001d810: 2043 4d4f 532e 2053 6f20 7468 6520 7265 CMOS. So the re\n-0001d820: 616c 2062 7974 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 al byte address \n-0001d830: 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6973 2037 312b 3134 in CMOS is 71+14\n-0001d840: 3d38 3520 536f 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 650a =85 So complete.\n-0001d850: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6973 2038 353a 330a address is 85:3.\n-0001d860: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0001d870: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6d61 6765 fo, Node: Image\n-0001d880: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7265 2069 s, Next: Core i\n-0001d890: 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 mage size limita\n-0001d8a0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 656e tion, Prev: Ven\n-0001d8b0: 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 dor power-on key\n-0001d8c0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3120 s, Up: Top..11 \n-0001d8d0: 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 GRUB image files\n-0001d8e0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-0001d8f0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 7369 ****..GRUB consi\n-0001d900: 7374 7320 6f66 2073 6576 6572 616c 2069 sts of several i\n-0001d910: 6d61 6765 733a 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 mages: a variety\n-0001d920: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 7374 7261 7020 696d of bootstrap im\n-0001d930: 6167 6573 2066 6f72 0a73 7461 7274 696e ages for.startin\n-0001d940: 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e20 7661 7269 6f75 g GRUB in variou\n-0001d950: 7320 7761 7973 2c20 6120 6b65 726e 656c s ways, a kernel\n-0001d960: 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6120 7365 image, and a se\n-0001d970: 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a77 6869 t of modules.whi\n-0001d980: 6368 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 6420 ch are combined \n-0001d990: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 with the kernel \n-0001d9a0: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 image to form a \n-0001d9b0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2048 6572 core image. Her\n-0001d9c0: 6520 6973 0a61 2073 686f 7274 206f 7665 e is.a short ove\n-0001d9d0: 7276 6965 7720 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a rview of them...\n-0001d9e0: e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 ...boot.img.... \n-0001d9f0: 2020 2020 4f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 On PC BIOS s\n-0001da00: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 6d61 ystems, this ima\n-0001da10: 6765 2069 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ge is the first \n-0001da20: 7061 7274 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 part of GRUB to \n-0001da30: 7374 6172 742e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 start.. It i\n-0001da40: 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 206d s written to a m\n-0001da50: 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 aster boot recor\n-0001da60: 6420 284d 4252 2920 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 d (MBR) or to th\n-0001da70: 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 720a 2020 e boot sector. \n-0001da80: 2020 206f 6620 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f of a partitio\n-0001da90: 6e2e 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6120 5043 n. Because a PC\n-0001daa0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2069 7320 boot sector is \n-0001dab0: 3531 3220 6279 7465 732c 2074 6865 2073 512 bytes, the s\n-0001dac0: 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 ize of. this\n-0001dad0: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6578 6163 746c image is exactl\n-0001dae0: 7920 3531 3220 6279 7465 732e 0a0a 2020 y 512 bytes... \n-0001daf0: 2020 2054 6865 2073 6f6c 6520 6675 6e63 The sole func\n-0001db00: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9862 6f6f 742e tion of ...boot.\n-0001db10: 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 746f 2072 6561 img... is to rea\n-0001db20: 6420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 d the first sect\n-0001db30: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 or of the. c\n-0001db40: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 ore image from a\n-0001db50: 206c 6f63 616c 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 local disk and \n-0001db60: 6a75 6d70 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2042 6563 jump to it. Bec\n-0001db70: 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 ause of the size\n-0001db80: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f . restrictio\n-0001db90: 6e2c 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 n, ...boot.img..\n-0001dba0: 9920 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 7374 . cannot underst\n-0001dbb0: 616e 6420 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 and any file sys\n-0001dbc0: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 tem. structu\n-0001dbd0: 7265 2c20 736f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 re, so ...grub-i\n-0001dbe0: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 6861 7264 636f nstall... hardco\n-0001dbf0: 6465 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e des the location\n-0001dc00: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 2020 of the first. \n-0001dc10: 2020 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 sector of the\n-0001dc20: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f core image into\n-0001dc30: 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...boot.img... \n-0001dc40: 7768 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 when installing \n-0001dc50: 4752 5542 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6469 736b 626f GRUB......diskbo\n-0001dc60: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ot.img.... T\n-0001dc70: 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 his image is use\n-0001dc80: 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 d as the first s\n-0001dc90: 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ector of the cor\n-0001dca0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 e image when. \n-0001dcb0: 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 booting from a\n-0001dcc0: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 7420 hard disk. It \n-0001dcd0: 7265 6164 7320 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f reads the rest o\n-0001dce0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 f the core image\n-0001dcf0: 2069 6e74 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 into. memor\n-0001dd00: 7920 616e 6420 7374 6172 7473 2074 6865 y and starts the\n-0001dd10: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 kernel. Since \n-0001dd20: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6861 6e64 file system hand\n-0001dd30: 6c69 6e67 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 ling is not. \n-0001dd40: 2079 6574 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 yet available, \n-0001dd50: 6974 2065 6e63 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c it encodes the l\n-0001dd60: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 ocation of the c\n-0001dd70: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7573 696e 6720 ore image using \n-0001dd80: 610a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 a. block lis\n-0001dd90: 7420 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6364 t format......cd\n-0001dda0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 boot.img.... \n-0001ddb0: 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 This image is u\n-0001ddc0: 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 sed as the first\n-0001ddd0: 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 sector of the c\n-0001dde0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 ore image when. \n-0001ddf0: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d booting from\n-0001de00: 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6472 6976 652e a CD-ROM drive.\n-0001de10: 2020 4974 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 It performs a \n-0001de20: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e similar function\n-0001de30: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b to. ...disk\n-0001de40: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a e280 boot.img........\n-0001de50: 9870 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a .pxeboot.img....\n-0001de60: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 This image \n-0001de70: 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2073 is used as the s\n-0001de80: 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 tart of the core\n-0001de90: 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 image when boot\n-0001dea0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ing from. th\n-0001deb0: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7573 696e 6720 e network using \n-0001dec0: 5058 452e 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f PXE. *Note Netwo\n-0001ded0: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6c6e 7862 6f6f rk::......lnxboo\n-0001dee0: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 t.img.... Th\n-0001def0: 6973 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6179 2062 6520 is image may be \n-0001df00: 706c 6163 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 7374 placed at the st\n-0001df10: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 art of the core \n-0001df20: 696d 6167 6520 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 image in order t\n-0001df30: 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 4752 5542 o. make GRUB\n-0001df40: 206c 6f6f 6b20 656e 6f75 6768 206c 696b look enough lik\n-0001df50: 6520 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c e a Linux kernel\n-0001df60: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 that it can be \n-0001df70: 626f 6f74 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 204c booted by. L\n-0001df80: 494c 4f20 7573 696e 6720 616e 20e2 8098 ILO using an ...\n-0001df90: 696d 6167 653d e280 9920 7365 6374 696f image=... sectio\n-0001dfa0: 6e2e 0a0a e280 986b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d n......kernel.im\n-0001dfb0: 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 g.... This i\n-0001dfc0: 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 4752 mage contains GR\n-0001dfd0: 5542 2773 2062 6173 6963 2072 756e 2d74 UB's basic run-t\n-0001dfe0: 696d 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 3a20 ime facilities: \n-0001dff0: 6672 616d 6577 6f72 6b73 0a20 2020 2020 frameworks. \n-0001e000: 666f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2066 for device and f\n-0001e010: 696c 6520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c20 656e ile handling, en\n-0001e020: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0001e030: 6c65 732c 2074 6865 2072 6573 6375 650a les, the rescue.\n-0001e040: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mode comman\n-0001e050: 642d 6c69 6e65 2070 6172 7365 722c 2061 d-line parser, a\n-0001e060: 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6973 nd so on. It is\n-0001e070: 2072 6172 656c 7920 7573 6564 2064 6972 rarely used dir\n-0001e080: 6563 746c 792c 0a20 2020 2020 6275 7420 ectly,. but \n-0001e090: 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 616c is built into al\n-0001e0a0: 6c20 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a l core images...\n-0001e0b0: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 ...core.img.... \n-0001e0c0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 This is the \n-0001e0d0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 206f 6620 4752 core image of GR\n-0001e0e0: 5542 2e20 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 UB. It is built \n-0001e0f0: 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6672 6f6d dynamically from\n-0001e100: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c the. kernel\n-0001e110: 2069 6d61 6765 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 6172 image and an ar\n-0001e120: 6269 7472 6172 7920 6c69 7374 206f 6620 bitrary list of \n-0001e130: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6279 2074 6865 20e2 modules by the .\n-0001e140: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 ..grub-mkimage..\n-0001e150: 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d 2e20 .. program. \n-0001e160: 2055 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e Usually, it con\n-0001e170: 7461 696e 7320 656e 6f75 6768 206d 6f64 tains enough mod\n-0001e180: 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 ules to access. \n-0001e190: 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 .../boot/gru\n-0001e1a0: 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 7320 b..., and loads \n-0001e1b0: 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 everything else \n-0001e1c0: 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206d 656e 7520 (including menu \n-0001e1d0: 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 handling,. t\n-0001e1e0: 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f he ability to lo\n-0001e1f0: 6164 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 6572 6174 ad target operat\n-0001e200: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 ing systems, and\n-0001e210: 2073 6f20 6f6e 2920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 so on) from the\n-0001e220: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 . file syste\n-0001e230: 6d20 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e 2020 m at run-time. \n-0001e240: 5468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c61 7220 6465 7369 The modular desi\n-0001e250: 676e 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 6520 636f gn allows the co\n-0001e260: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 746f re image. to\n-0001e270: 2062 6520 6b65 7074 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 be kept small, \n-0001e280: 7369 6e63 6520 7468 6520 6172 6561 7320 since the areas \n-0001e290: 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7768 6572 6520 6974 of disk where it\n-0001e2a0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 696e must be. in\n-0001e2b0: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 stalled are ofte\n-0001e2c0: 6e20 6173 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 7320 3332 n as small as 32\n-0001e2d0: 4b42 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 KB... *Note \n-0001e2e0: 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f BIOS installatio\n-0001e2f0: 6e3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 n::, for details\n-0001e300: 206f 6e20 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 636f on where the co\n-0001e310: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 re image can. \n-0001e320: 2020 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f be installed o\n-0001e330: 6e20 5043 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0ae2 n PC systems....\n-0001e340: 8098 2a2e 6d6f 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ..*.mod.... \n-0001e350: 4576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 Everything else \n-0001e360: 696e 2047 5255 4220 7265 7369 6465 7320 in GRUB resides \n-0001e370: 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c in dynamically l\n-0001e380: 6f61 6461 626c 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e oadable modules.\n-0001e390: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 . These are \n-0001e3a0: 6f66 7465 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7574 often loaded aut\n-0001e3b0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 6f72 2062 omatically, or b\n-0001e3c0: 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f uilt into the co\n-0001e3d0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 6966 re image. if\n-0001e3e0: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6573 7365 6e74 they are essent\n-0001e3f0: 6961 6c2c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2061 6c73 ial, but may als\n-0001e400: 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d61 6e75 o be loaded manu\n-0001e410: 616c 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 ally using the. \n-0001e420: 2020 2020 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 ...insmod...\n-0001e430: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n-0001e440: 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 292e 0a0a 466f 7220 insmod::)...For \n-0001e450: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 7573 6572 GRUB Legacy user\n-0001e460: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-0001e470: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 =======..GRUB 2 \n-0001e480: 6861 7320 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 has a different \n-0001e490: 6465 7369 676e 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 design from GRUB\n-0001e4a0: 204c 6567 6163 792c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 Legacy, and so \n-0001e4b0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 656e 6365 730a correspondences.\n-0001e4c0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 with the images \n-0001e4d0: 6974 2075 7365 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 it used cannot b\n-0001e4e0: 6520 6578 6163 742e 2020 4e65 7665 7274 e exact. Nevert\n-0001e4f0: 6865 6c65 7373 2c20 4752 5542 204c 6567 heless, GRUB Leg\n-0001e500: 6163 790a 7573 6572 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 acy.users often \n-0001e510: 6173 6b20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 7320 696e ask questions in\n-0001e520: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 2074 6865 7920 the terms they \n-0001e530: 6172 6520 6661 6d69 6c69 6172 2077 6974 are familiar wit\n-0001e540: 682c 2061 6e64 2073 6f0a 6865 7265 2069 h, and so.here i\n-0001e550: 7320 6120 6272 6965 6620 6775 6964 6520 s a brief guide \n-0001e560: 746f 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 3227 7320 to how GRUB 2's \n-0001e570: 696d 6167 6573 2072 656c 6174 6520 746f images relate to\n-0001e580: 2074 6861 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 that......stage\n-0001e590: 31e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5374 6167 6520 1.... Stage \n-0001e5a0: 3120 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 1 from GRUB Lega\n-0001e5b0: 6379 2077 6173 2076 6572 7920 7369 6d69 cy was very simi\n-0001e5c0: 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 lar to ...boot.i\n-0001e5d0: 6d67 e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 322c mg... in GRUB 2,\n-0001e5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6579 2073 . and they s\n-0001e5f0: 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6675 erve the same fu\n-0001e600: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a5f 7374 nction......*_st\n-0001e610: 6167 6531 5f35 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 age1_5.... I\n-0001e620: 6e20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2053 n GRUB Legacy, S\n-0001e630: 7461 6765 2031 2e35 2773 2066 756e 6374 tage 1.5's funct\n-0001e640: 696f 6e20 7761 7320 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 ion was to inclu\n-0001e650: 6465 2065 6e6f 7567 680a 2020 2020 2066 de enough. f\n-0001e660: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6465 2074 ilesystem code t\n-0001e670: 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 6d75 6368 o allow the much\n-0001e680: 206c 6172 6765 7220 5374 6167 6520 3220 larger Stage 2 \n-0001e690: 746f 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 to be read from \n-0001e6a0: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 an. ordinary\n-0001e6b0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 496e filesystem. In\n-0001e6c0: 2074 6869 7320 7265 7370 6563 742c 2069 this respect, i\n-0001e6d0: 7473 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 ts function was \n-0001e6e0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 similar to. \n-0001e6f0: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 ...core.img... i\n-0001e700: 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 n GRUB 2. Howev\n-0001e710: 6572 2c20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 er, ...core.img.\n-0001e720: 8099 2069 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 .. is much more \n-0001e730: 6361 7061 626c 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 capable. tha\n-0001e740: 6e20 5374 6167 6520 312e 3520 7761 733b n Stage 1.5 was;\n-0001e750: 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 6f66 6665 7273 since it offers\n-0001e760: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c a rescue shell,\n-0001e770: 2069 7420 6973 2073 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 it is sometimes\n-0001e780: 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 . possible t\n-0001e790: 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 6d61 6e75 616c o recover manual\n-0001e7a0: 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6576 656e 7420 ly in the event \n-0001e7b0: 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 2075 6e61 626c that it is unabl\n-0001e7c0: 6520 746f 206c 6f61 640a 2020 2020 2061 e to load. a\n-0001e7d0: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 ny other modules\n-0001e7e0: 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 , for example if\n-0001e7f0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 partition numbe\n-0001e800: 7273 2068 6176 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e rs have changed.\n-0001e810: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d . ...core.im\n-0001e820: 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e g... is built in\n-0001e830: 2061 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 a more flexible\n-0001e840: 2077 6179 2c20 616c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2047 way, allowing G\n-0001e850: 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7375 RUB 2 to. su\n-0001e860: 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6d6f pport reading mo\n-0001e870: 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 6476 616e dules from advan\n-0001e880: 6365 6420 6469 736b 2074 7970 6573 2073 ced disk types s\n-0001e890: 7563 6820 6173 204c 564d 2061 6e64 0a20 uch as LVM and. \n-0001e8a0: 2020 2020 5241 4944 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 RAID... \n-0001e8b0: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 636f 756c GRUB Legacy coul\n-0001e8c0: 6420 7275 6e20 7769 7468 206f 6e6c 7920 d run with only \n-0001e8d0: 5374 6167 6520 3120 616e 6420 5374 6167 Stage 1 and Stag\n-0001e8e0: 6520 3220 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 e 2 in some limi\n-0001e8f0: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ted. configu\n-0001e900: 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6c65 2047 rations, while G\n-0001e910: 5255 4220 3220 7265 7175 6972 6573 20e2 RUB 2 requires .\n-0001e920: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e ..core.img... an\n-0001e930: 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 d cannot work. \n-0001e940: 2020 2077 6974 686f 7574 2069 742e 0a0a without it...\n-0001e950: e280 9873 7461 6765 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...stage2.... \n-0001e960: 2020 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 206e 6f20 GRUB 2 has no \n-0001e970: 7369 6e67 6c65 2053 7461 6765 2032 2069 single Stage 2 i\n-0001e980: 6d61 6765 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 mage. Instead, \n-0001e990: 6974 206c 6f61 6473 206d 6f64 756c 6573 it loads modules\n-0001e9a0: 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 from. .../b\n-0001e9b0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 6174 2072 oot/grub... at r\n-0001e9c0: 756e 2d74 696d 652e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 un-time......sta\n-0001e9d0: 6765 325f 656c 746f 7269 746f e280 990a ge2_eltorito....\n-0001e9e0: 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 In GRUB 2, \n-0001e9f0: 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 images for booti\n-0001ea00: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 ng from CD-ROM d\n-0001ea10: 7269 7665 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 770a 2020 rives are now. \n-0001ea20: 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 2075 constructed u\n-0001ea30: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 sing ...cdboot.i\n-0001ea40: 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9863 6f72 mg... and ...cor\n-0001ea50: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 e.img..., making\n-0001ea60: 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 sure that the. \n-0001ea70: 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 core image c\n-0001ea80: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 e280 9869 ontains the ...i\n-0001ea90: 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 so9660... module\n-0001eaa0: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 . It is usually\n-0001eab0: 2062 6573 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 best to. us\n-0001eac0: 6520 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b e the ...grub-mk\n-0001ead0: 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 rescue... progra\n-0001eae0: 6d20 666f 7220 7468 6973 2e0a 0ae2 8098 m for this......\n-0001eaf0: 6e62 6772 7562 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 nbgrub.... T\n-0001eb00: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6173 2079 6574 206e here is as yet n\n-0001eb10: 6f20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2066 6f72 o equivalent for\n-0001eb20: 20e2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 e280 9920 696e ...nbgrub... in\n-0001eb30: 2047 5255 4220 323b 2069 7420 7761 7320 GRUB 2; it was \n-0001eb40: 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6279 2045 7468 used. by Eth\n-0001eb50: 6572 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 erboot and some \n-0001eb60: 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f other network bo\n-0001eb70: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ot loaders......\n-0001eb80: 7078 6567 7275 62e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 pxegrub.... \n-0001eb90: 496e 2047 5255 4220 322c 2069 6d61 6765 In GRUB 2, image\n-0001eba0: 7320 666f 7220 5058 4520 6e65 7477 6f72 s for PXE networ\n-0001ebb0: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6172 6520 6e6f k booting are no\n-0001ebc0: 7720 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 6420 7573 w constructed us\n-0001ebd0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7078 6562 ing. ...pxeb\n-0001ebe0: 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 oot.img... and .\n-0001ebf0: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 206d ..core.img..., m\n-0001ec00: 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 aking sure that \n-0001ec10: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 the core image. \n-0001ec20: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 contains the\n-0001ec30: 20e2 8098 7078 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 ...pxe... and .\n-0001ec40: 8098 7078 6563 6d64 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 ..pxecmd... modu\n-0001ec50: 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 les. *Note Netw\n-0001ec60: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n-0001ec70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0001ec80: 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a : Core image siz\n-0001ec90: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e e limitation, N\n-0001eca0: 6578 743a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c ext: Filesystem,\n-0001ecb0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 Prev: Images, \n-0001ecc0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3132 2043 6f72 Up: Top..12 Cor\n-0001ecd0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d e image size lim\n-0001ece0: 6974 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a itation.********\n+0001d150: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 206c 6170 746f ****..Some lapto\n+0001d160: 7020 7665 6e64 6f72 7320 7072 6f76 6964 p vendors provid\n+0001d170: 6520 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 e an additional \n+0001d180: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 2062 7574 746f 6e20 power-on button \n+0001d190: 7768 6963 6820 626f 6f74 730a 616e 6f74 which boots.anot\n+0001d1a0: 6865 7220 4f53 2e20 4752 5542 2073 7570 her OS. GRUB sup\n+0001d1b0: 706f 7274 7320 7375 6368 2062 7574 746f ports such butto\n+0001d1c0: 6e73 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 9847 ns with the ...G\n+0001d1d0: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 RUB_TIMEOUT_BUTT\n+0001d1e0: 4f4e e280 992c 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 ON...,....GRUB_T\n+0001d1f0: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 IMEOUT_STYLE_BUT\n+0001d200: 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f TON..., ...GRUB_\n+0001d210: 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 DEFAULT_BUTTON..\n+0001d220: 992c 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 ., and....GRUB_B\n+0001d230: 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 UTTON_CMOS_ADDRE\n+0001d240: 5353 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 SS... variables \n+0001d250: 696e 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 6220 in default/grub \n+0001d260: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f (*note Simple.co\n+0001d270: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e20 nfiguration::). \n+0001d280: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0001d290: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 _BUTTON..., ...G\n+0001d2a0: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n+0001d2b0: 455f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0a61 6e64 E_BUTTON...,.and\n+0001d2c0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 ...GRUB_DEFAULT\n+0001d2d0: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2061 7265 2075 _BUTTON... are u\n+0001d2e0: 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2074 sed instead of t\n+0001d2f0: 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 he corresponding\n+0001d300: 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f .variables witho\n+0001d310: 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f ut the ..._BUTTO\n+0001d320: 4ee2 8099 2073 7566 6669 7820 7768 656e N... suffix when\n+0001d330: 2070 6f77 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7573 696e powered on usin\n+0001d340: 6720 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c0a 6275 g the special.bu\n+0001d350: 7474 6f6e 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 tton. ...GRUB_B\n+0001d360: 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 UTTON_CMOS_ADDRE\n+0001d370: 5353 e280 9920 6973 2076 656e 646f 722d SS... is vendor-\n+0001d380: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2061 6e64 2070 6172 specific and par\n+0001d390: 7469 616c 6c79 0a6d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 tially.model-spe\n+0001d3a0: 6369 6669 632e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206b cific. Values k\n+0001d3b0: 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 nown to the GRUB\n+0001d3c0: 2074 6561 6d20 6172 653a 0a0a 3c44 656c team are:... \n+0001d3e0: 2020 2031 3231 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 121:3.. 8\n+0001d400: 353a 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 4c61 7469 7475 5:3.. 8\n+0001d420: 353a 330a 3c41 7375 7320 4565 6550 4320 5:3.. 84:\n+0001d440: 3120 2875 6e63 6f6e 6669 726d 6564 290a 1 (unconfirmed).\n+0001d450: 3c4c 454e 4f56 4f20 5468 696e 6b50 6164 . 101:3.. \n+0001d480: 2054 6f20 7461 6b65 2066 756c 6c20 6164 To take full ad\n+0001d490: 7661 6e74 6167 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 vantage of this \n+0001d4a0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 7374 616c function, instal\n+0001d4b0: 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 l GRUB into the \n+0001d4c0: 4d42 520a 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e73 7461 MBR.(*note Insta\n+0001d4d0: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 lling GRUB using\n+0001d4e0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 grub-install::)\n+0001d4f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 ... If you hav\n+0001d500: 6520 6120 6c61 7074 6f70 2077 6869 6368 e a laptop which\n+0001d510: 2068 6173 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 has a similar f\n+0001d520: 6561 7475 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 2069 eature and not i\n+0001d530: 6e20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 650a 6c69 7374 n the above.list\n+0001d540: 2063 6f75 6c64 2079 6f75 2066 6967 7572 could you figur\n+0001d550: 6520 796f 7572 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 e your address a\n+0001d560: 6e64 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 653f 2020 nd contribute? \n+0001d570: 546f 2064 6973 636f 7665 7220 7468 650a To discover the.\n+0001d580: 6164 6472 6573 7320 646f 2074 6865 2066 address do the f\n+0001d590: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ollowing:. ...\n+0001d5a0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 boot normally. \n+0001d5b0: 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 ... sudo \n+0001d5c0: 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 modprobe nvram. \n+0001d5d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 sudo ca\n+0001d5e0: 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 t /dev/nvram | x\n+0001d5f0: 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6275 7474 xd > normal_butt\n+0001d600: 6f6e 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f on.txt. ... bo\n+0001d610: 6f74 2075 7369 6e67 2076 656e 646f 7220 ot using vendor \n+0001d620: 6275 7474 6f6e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 button. ... \n+0001d630: 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 sudo modprobe\n+0001d640: 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nvram. \n+0001d650: 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e sudo cat /dev/n\n+0001d660: 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 vram | xxd > nor\n+0001d670: 6d61 6c5f 7665 6e64 6f72 2e74 7874 0a0a mal_vendor.txt..\n+0001d680: 2020 2054 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 6172 6520 Then compare \n+0001d690: 7468 6573 6520 7465 7874 2066 696c 6573 these text files\n+0001d6a0: 2061 6e64 2066 696e 6420 7768 6572 6520 and find where \n+0001d6b0: 6120 6269 7420 7761 7320 746f 6767 6c65 a bit was toggle\n+0001d6c0: 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a69 6e20 6361 7365 d. E.g..in case\n+0001d6d0: 206f 6620 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 2069 7420 of Dell XPS it \n+0001d6e0: 7761 733a 0a20 2020 2020 6279 7465 2030 was:. byte 0\n+0001d6f0: 7834 373a 2032 3020 2d2d 3e20 3238 0a20 x47: 20 --> 28. \n+0001d700: 2020 4974 2773 2061 2062 6974 206e 756d It's a bit num\n+0001d710: 6265 7220 3320 6173 2073 6565 6e20 6672 ber 3 as seen fr\n+0001d720: 6f6d 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 om following tab\n+0001d730: 6c65 3a0a 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:.0 \n+0001d740: 2020 2030 310a 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 01.1 \n+0001d750: 2020 2020 2030 320a 3220 2020 2020 2020 02.2 \n+0001d760: 2020 2020 2020 2030 340a 3320 2020 2020 04.3 \n+0001d770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 380a 3420 2020 08.4 \n+0001d780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 300a 3520 10.5 \n+0001d790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 300a 20.\n+0001d7a0: 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 6 4\n+0001d7b0: 300a 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 0.7 \n+0001d7c0: 2038 300a 0a20 2020 3078 3437 2069 7320 80.. 0x47 is \n+0001d7d0: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 3731 2e20 204c 696e decimal 71. Lin\n+0001d7e0: 7578 206e 7672 616d 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 ux nvram impleme\n+0001d7f0: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6375 7473 2066 6972 ntation cuts fir\n+0001d800: 7374 2031 3420 6279 7465 730a 6f66 2043 st 14 bytes.of C\n+0001d810: 4d4f 532e 2053 6f20 7468 6520 7265 616c MOS. So the real\n+0001d820: 2062 7974 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 696e byte address in\n+0001d830: 2043 4d4f 5320 6973 2037 312b 3134 3d38 CMOS is 71+14=8\n+0001d840: 3520 536f 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 650a 6164 5 So complete.ad\n+0001d850: 6472 6573 7320 6973 2038 353a 330a 0a1f dress is 85:3...\n+0001d860: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0001d870: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6d61 6765 732c , Node: Images,\n+0001d880: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 Next: Core ima\n+0001d890: 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 ge size limitati\n+0001d8a0: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 656e 646f on, Prev: Vendo\n+0001d8b0: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c r power-on keys,\n+0001d8c0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3120 4752 Up: Top..11 GR\n+0001d8d0: 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 0a2a UB image files.*\n+0001d8e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001d8f0: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 **..GRUB consist\n+0001d900: 7320 6f66 2073 6576 6572 616c 2069 6d61 s of several ima\n+0001d910: 6765 733a 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f ges: a variety o\n+0001d920: 6620 626f 6f74 7374 7261 7020 696d 6167 f bootstrap imag\n+0001d930: 6573 2066 6f72 0a73 7461 7274 696e 6720 es for.starting \n+0001d940: 4752 5542 2069 6e20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 GRUB in various \n+0001d950: 7761 7973 2c20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2069 ways, a kernel i\n+0001d960: 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6120 7365 7420 mage, and a set \n+0001d970: 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a77 6869 6368 of modules.which\n+0001d980: 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 6420 7769 are combined wi\n+0001d990: 7468 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d th the kernel im\n+0001d9a0: 6167 6520 746f 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 636f age to form a co\n+0001d9b0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2048 6572 6520 re image. Here \n+0001d9c0: 6973 0a61 2073 686f 7274 206f 7665 7276 is.a short overv\n+0001d9d0: 6965 7720 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a e280 iew of them.....\n+0001d9e0: 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 .boot.img.... \n+0001d9f0: 2020 4f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 On PC BIOS sys\n+0001da00: 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 tems, this image\n+0001da10: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 is the first pa\n+0001da20: 7274 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 rt of GRUB to st\n+0001da30: 6172 742e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 art.. It is \n+0001da40: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 206d 6173 written to a mas\n+0001da50: 7465 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 6420 ter boot record \n+0001da60: 284d 4252 2920 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 (MBR) or to the \n+0001da70: 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 720a 2020 2020 boot sector. \n+0001da80: 206f 6620 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e of a partition.\n+0001da90: 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6120 5043 2062 Because a PC b\n+0001daa0: 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2069 7320 3531 oot sector is 51\n+0001dab0: 3220 6279 7465 732c 2074 6865 2073 697a 2 bytes, the siz\n+0001dac0: 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 2069 e of. this i\n+0001dad0: 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6578 6163 746c 7920 mage is exactly \n+0001dae0: 3531 3220 6279 7465 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 512 bytes... \n+0001daf0: 2054 6865 2073 6f6c 6520 6675 6e63 7469 The sole functi\n+0001db00: 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d on of ...boot.im\n+0001db10: 67e2 8099 2069 7320 746f 2072 6561 6420 g... is to read \n+0001db20: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 the first sector\n+0001db30: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 of the. cor\n+0001db40: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 206c e image from a l\n+0001db50: 6f63 616c 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 6a75 ocal disk and ju\n+0001db60: 6d70 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2042 6563 6175 mp to it. Becau\n+0001db70: 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 se of the size. \n+0001db80: 2020 2020 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e2c restriction,\n+0001db90: 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...boot.img... \n+0001dba0: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e cannot understan\n+0001dbb0: 6420 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 d any file syste\n+0001dbc0: 6d0a 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 m. structure\n+0001dbd0: 2c20 736f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 , so ...grub-ins\n+0001dbe0: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 6861 7264 636f 6465 tall... hardcode\n+0001dbf0: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f s the location o\n+0001dc00: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 f the first. \n+0001dc10: 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 sector of the c\n+0001dc20: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 20e2 ore image into .\n+0001dc30: 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7768 ..boot.img... wh\n+0001dc40: 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 en installing GR\n+0001dc50: 5542 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 UB......diskboot\n+0001dc60: 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 .img.... Thi\n+0001dc70: 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 s image is used \n+0001dc80: 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 as the first sec\n+0001dc90: 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 tor of the core \n+0001dca0: 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 image when. \n+0001dcb0: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2068 booting from a h\n+0001dcc0: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 7420 7265 ard disk. It re\n+0001dcd0: 6164 7320 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 ads the rest of \n+0001dce0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 the core image i\n+0001dcf0: 6e74 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 nto. memory \n+0001dd00: 616e 6420 7374 6172 7473 2074 6865 206b and starts the k\n+0001dd10: 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 6669 ernel. Since fi\n+0001dd20: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6861 6e64 6c69 le system handli\n+0001dd30: 6e67 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2079 ng is not. y\n+0001dd40: 6574 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 et available, it\n+0001dd50: 2065 6e63 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 encodes the loc\n+0001dd60: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ation of the cor\n+0001dd70: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7573 696e 6720 610a e image using a.\n+0001dd80: 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 block list \n+0001dd90: 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6364 626f format......cdbo\n+0001dda0: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ot.img.... T\n+0001ddb0: 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 his image is use\n+0001ddc0: 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 d as the first s\n+0001ddd0: 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ector of the cor\n+0001dde0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 e image when. \n+0001ddf0: 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 booting from a\n+0001de00: 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6472 6976 652e 2020 CD-ROM drive. \n+0001de10: 4974 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7369 It performs a si\n+0001de20: 6d69 6c61 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2074 milar function t\n+0001de30: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b 626f o. ...diskbo\n+0001de40: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9870 ot.img.........p\n+0001de50: 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 xeboot.img.... \n+0001de60: 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 This image is\n+0001de70: 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2073 7461 used as the sta\n+0001de80: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 rt of the core i\n+0001de90: 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e mage when bootin\n+0001dea0: 6720 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 g from. the \n+0001deb0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7573 696e 6720 5058 network using PX\n+0001dec0: 452e 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b E. *Note Network\n+0001ded0: 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6c6e 7862 6f6f 742e ::......lnxboot.\n+0001dee0: 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 img.... This\n+0001def0: 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6179 2062 6520 706c image may be pl\n+0001df00: 6163 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 7374 6172 aced at the star\n+0001df10: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d t of the core im\n+0001df20: 6167 6520 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a age in order to.\n+0001df30: 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 4752 5542 206c make GRUB l\n+0001df40: 6f6f 6b20 656e 6f75 6768 206c 696b 6520 ook enough like \n+0001df50: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 a Linux kernel t\n+0001df60: 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 626f hat it can be bo\n+0001df70: 6f74 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 204c 494c oted by. LIL\n+0001df80: 4f20 7573 696e 6720 616e 20e2 8098 696d O using an ...im\n+0001df90: 6167 653d e280 9920 7365 6374 696f 6e2e age=... section.\n+0001dfa0: 0a0a e280 986b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 67e2 .....kernel.img.\n+0001dfb0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 ... 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In \n+0001e620: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2053 7461 GRUB Legacy, Sta\n+0001e630: 6765 2031 2e35 2773 2066 756e 6374 696f ge 1.5's functio\n+0001e640: 6e20 7761 7320 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 n was to include\n+0001e650: 2065 6e6f 7567 680a 2020 2020 2066 696c enough. fil\n+0001e660: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6465 2074 6f20 esystem code to \n+0001e670: 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 6d75 6368 206c allow the much l\n+0001e680: 6172 6765 7220 5374 6167 6520 3220 746f arger Stage 2 to\n+0001e690: 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 616e be read from an\n+0001e6a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2066 . ordinary f\n+0001e6b0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 496e 2074 ilesystem. 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The\n+0001eb00: 7265 2069 7320 6173 2079 6574 206e 6f20 re is as yet no \n+0001eb10: 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2066 6f72 20e2 equivalent for .\n+0001eb20: 8098 6e62 6772 7562 e280 9920 696e 2047 ..nbgrub... in G\n+0001eb30: 5255 4220 323b 2069 7420 7761 7320 7573 RUB 2; it was us\n+0001eb40: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6279 2045 7468 6572 ed. by Ether\n+0001eb50: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 boot and some ot\n+0001eb60: 6865 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 her network boot\n+0001eb70: 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 loaders......px\n+0001eb80: 6567 7275 62e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e egrub.... In\n+0001eb90: 2047 5255 4220 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 GRUB 2, images \n+0001eba0: 666f 7220 5058 4520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 for PXE network \n+0001ebb0: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6172 6520 6e6f 7720 booting are now \n+0001ebc0: 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 6420 7573 696e constructed usin\n+0001ebd0: 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f g. ...pxeboo\n+0001ebe0: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 t.img... and ...\n+0001ebf0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 206d 616b core.img..., mak\n+0001ec00: 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 ing sure that th\n+0001ec10: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 e core image. \n+0001ec20: 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 contains the .\n+0001ec30: 8098 7078 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 ..pxe... and ...\n+0001ec40: 7078 6563 6d64 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 pxecmd... module\n+0001ec50: 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 s. *Note Networ\n+0001ec60: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+0001ec70: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0001ec80: 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 Core image size \n+0001ec90: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 limitation, Nex\n+0001eca0: 743a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 t: Filesystem, \n+0001ecb0: 5072 6576 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2055 Prev: Images, U\n+0001ecc0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3132 2043 6f72 6520 p: Top..12 Core \n+0001ecd0: 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 image size limit\n+0001ece0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ation.**********\n 0001ecf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001ed00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a48 6561 7669 6c79 206c *****..Heavily l\n-0001ed10: 696d 6974 6564 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 imited platforms\n-0001ed20: 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 :. ... i386-pc\n-0001ed30: 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 2061 6e64 2050 5845 (normal and PXE\n-0001ed40: 293a 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 ): the core imag\n-0001ed50: 6520 7369 7a65 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 e size (compress\n-0001ed60: 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 ed) is. limi\n-0001ed70: 7465 6420 6279 2034 3538 3234 3020 6279 ted by 458240 by\n-0001ed80: 7465 732e 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 tes. kernel.img\n-0001ed90: 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 (.text + .data \n-0001eda0: 2b20 2e62 7373 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 + .bss,. unc\n-0001edb0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 7320 6c69 ompressed) is li\n-0001edc0: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 3420 mited by 392704 \n-0001edd0: 6279 7465 732e 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 bytes. module s\n-0001ede0: 697a 650a 2020 2020 2028 756e 636f 6d70 ize. 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(c\n-0001f070: 6f72 652e 696d 6720 776f 756c 6420 6265 ore.img would be\n-0001f080: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 524f 4d20 limited by ROM \n-0001f090: 7369 7a65 2062 7574 2069 7427 7320 756e size but it's un\n-0001f0a0: 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e20 limited. on \n-0001f0b0: 7165 6d75 0a20 2020 e280 a220 416c 6c20 qemu. ... All \n-0001f0c0: 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 733a 206c EFI platforms: l\n-0001f0d0: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 636f 6e74 6967 imited by contig\n-0001f0e0: 756f 7573 2052 414d 2073 697a 6520 616e uous RAM size an\n-0001f0f0: 6420 706f 7373 6962 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 d possibly. \n-0001f100: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2062 7567 730a 2020 firmware bugs. \n-0001f110: 20e2 80a2 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 616e ... 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(decom\n-0001f5c0: 7072 6573 736f 7220 2b20 7363 7261 7463 pressor + scratc\n-0001f5d0: 6820 7370 6163 6529 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 h space) is limi\n-0001f5e0: 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 ted by the space\n-0001f5f0: 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2038 6264 3030 from. 8bd00\n-0001f600: 3030 3020 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 000 backward. \n-0001f610: e280 a220 706f 7765 7270 632d 6965 6565 ... powerpc-ieee\n-0001f620: 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 1275: kernel.img\n-0001f630: 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 (.text + .data \n-0001f640: 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 + .bss) + module\n-0001f650: 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 s is. limite\n-0001f660: 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 2061 7661 696c d by space avail\n-0001f670: 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 3230 3030 3030 able at 0x200000\n-0001f680: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0001f690: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 nfo, Node: File\n-0001f6a0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 system, Next: I\n-0001f6b0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a nterface, Prev:\n-0001f6c0: 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 Core image size\n-0001f6d0: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 limitation, Up\n-0001f6e0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3320 4669 6c65 7379 : Top..13 Filesy\n-0001f6f0: 7374 656d 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 stem syntax and \n-0001f700: 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a semantics.******\n+0001ed00: 2a2a 2a0a 0a48 6561 7669 6c79 206c 696d ***..Heavily lim\n+0001ed10: 6974 6564 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a ited platforms:.\n+0001ed20: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 2028 ... i386-pc (\n+0001ed30: 6e6f 726d 616c 2061 6e64 2050 5845 293a normal and PXE):\n+0001ed40: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n+0001ed50: 7369 7a65 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 size (compressed\n+0001ed60: 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 ) is. limite\n+0001ed70: 6420 6279 2034 3538 3234 3020 6279 7465 d by 458240 byte\n+0001ed80: 732e 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 s. kernel.img (\n+0001ed90: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 .text + .data + \n+0001eda0: 2e62 7373 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d .bss,. uncom\n+0001edb0: 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 pressed) is limi\n+0001edc0: 7465 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 3420 6279 ted by 392704 by\n+0001edd0: 7465 732e 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 697a tes. module siz\n+0001ede0: 650a 2020 2020 2028 756e 636f 6d70 7265 e. 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Because of BI\n-0001f790: 4f53 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 OS limitations, \n-0001f7a0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6469 7374 GRUB cannot dist\n-0001f7b0: 696e 6775 6973 680a 6265 7477 6565 6e20 inguish.between \n-0001f7c0: 4944 452c 2045 5344 492c 2053 4353 492c IDE, ESDI, SCSI,\n-0001f7d0: 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2059 6f75 or others. You\n-0001f7e0: 206d 7573 7420 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 7273 must know yours\n-0001f7f0: 656c 6620 7768 6963 6820 4249 4f53 0a64 elf which BIOS.d\n-0001f800: 6576 6963 6520 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c evice is equival\n-0001f810: 656e 7420 746f 2077 6869 6368 204f 5320 ent to which OS \n-0001f820: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c device. Normall\n-0001f830: 792c 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 y, that will be \n-0001f840: 636c 6561 720a 6966 2079 6f75 2073 6565 clear.if you see\n-0001f850: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6120 the files in a \n-0001f860: 6465 7669 6365 206f 7220 7573 6520 7468 device or use th\n-0001f870: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 e command ...sea\n-0001f880: 7263 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 rch... 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BIOS and\n-0001faa0: 2045 4649 2064 6973 6b73 2075 7365 2065 EFI disks use e\n-0001fab0: 6974 6865 7220 e280 9866 64e2 8099 206f ither ...fd... o\n-0001fac0: 7220 e280 9868 64e2 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f r ...hd... follo\n-0001fad0: 7765 6420 6279 2061 0a64 6967 6974 2c20 wed by a.digit, \n-0001fae0: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6664 30e2 8099 2c20 like ...fd0..., \n-0001faf0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6364 e280 992e 2020 4148 or ...cd.... AH\n-0001fb00: 4349 2c20 5041 5441 2028 6174 6129 2c20 CI, PATA (ata), \n-0001fb10: 6372 7970 746f 2c20 5553 4220 7573 6520 crypto, USB use \n-0001fb20: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 0a6f 6620 6472 6976 the name.of driv\n-0001fb30: 6572 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 er followed by a\n-0001fb40: 206e 756d 6265 722e 2020 4d65 6d64 6973 number. Memdis\n-0001fb50: 6b20 616e 6420 686f 7374 2061 7265 206c k and host are l\n-0001fb60: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6f6e 650a 6469 imited to one.di\n-0001fb70: 736b 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6974 2773 2072 sk and so it's r\n-0001fb80: 6566 6572 6564 206a 7573 7420 6279 2064 efered just by d\n-0001fb90: 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2052 4149 river name. RAI\n-0001fba0: 4420 286d 6429 2c20 6f66 6469 736b 0a28 D (md), ofdisk.(\n-0001fbb0: 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 206e 616e ieee1275 and nan\n-0001fbc0: 6429 2c20 4c56 4d20 286c 766d 292c 204c d), LVM (lvm), L\n-0001fbd0: 444d 2c20 7669 7274 696f 2028 7664 736b DM, virtio (vdsk\n-0001fbe0: 2920 616e 6420 6172 6364 6973 6b20 2861 ) and arcdisk (a\n-0001fbf0: 7263 2920 7573 650a 696e 7472 696e 7369 rc) use.intrinsi\n-0001fc00: 6320 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6469 736b 2070 c name of disk p\n-0001fc10: 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 2064 7269 7665 refixed by drive\n-0001fc20: 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f r name. Additio\n-0001fc30: 6e61 6c6c 7920 6a75 7374 0a22 6e61 6e64 nally just.\"nand\n-0001fc40: 2220 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 6520 \" refers to the \n-0001fc50: 6469 736b 2061 6c69 6173 6564 2061 7320 disk aliased as \n-0001fc60: 226e 616e 6422 2e20 2043 6f6e 666c 6963 \"nand\". Conflic\n-0001fc70: 7473 2061 7265 2073 6f6c 7665 6420 6279 ts are solved by\n-0001fc80: 0a73 7566 6669 7869 6e67 2061 206e 756d .suffixing a num\n-0001fc90: 6265 7220 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 7272 ber if necessarr\n-0001fca0: 792e 2020 436f 6d6d 6173 206e 6565 6420 y. Commas need \n-0001fcb0: 746f 2062 6520 6573 6361 7065 642e 2020 to be escaped. \n-0001fcc0: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a75 7365 7320 7768 Loopback.uses wh\n-0001fcd0: 6174 6576 6572 206e 616d 6520 7370 6563 atever name spec\n-0001fce0: 6966 6965 6420 746f 20e2 8098 6c6f 6f70 ified to ...loop\n-0001fcf0: 6261 636b e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e back... command.\n-0001fd00: 2020 486f 7374 6469 736b 2075 7365 7320 Hostdisk uses \n-0001fd10: 6e61 6d65 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 names.specified \n-0001fd20: 696e 2064 6576 6963 652e 6d61 7020 6173 in device.map as\n-0001fd30: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2069 7427 7320 6f66 long as it's of\n-0001fd40: 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d20 5b66 6863 5d64 the form [fhc]d\n-0001fd50: 5b30 2d39 5d2a 206f 720a 686f 7374 6469 [0-9]* or.hostdi\n-0001fd60: 736b 2f3c 4f53 2044 4556 4943 453e 2e20 sk/. \n-0001fd70: 2046 6f72 2063 7279 7074 6f20 616e 6420 For crypto and \n-0001fd80: 5241 4944 2028 6d64 2920 6164 6469 7469 RAID (md) additi\n-0001fd90: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 onally you can u\n-0001fda0: 7365 0a74 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 3c64 se.the syntax uuid/\n-0001fdc0: 3c75 7569 643e 2e20 2046 6f72 204c 564d . For LVM\n-0001fdd0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f additionally yo\n-0001fde0: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 u can use.the sy\n-0001fdf0: 6e74 6178 206c 766d 6964 2f3c 766f 6c75 ntax lvmid//<\n-0001fe10: 766f 6c75 6d65 2d75 7569 643e 2e0a 0a20 volume-uuid>... \n-0001fe20: 2020 2020 2866 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 (fd0). (\n-0001fe30: 6864 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 6429 0a20 hd0). (cd). \n-0001fe40: 2020 2020 2861 6863 6930 290a 2020 2020 (ahci0). \n-0001fe50: 2028 6174 6130 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 (ata0). (cr\n-0001fe60: 7970 746f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2875 7362 ypto0). (usb\n-0001fe70: 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 7279 7074 6f75 0). (cryptou\n-0001fe80: 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 uid/123456789abc\n-0001fe90: 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 def0123456789abc\n-0001fea0: 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 7575 def0). (mduu\n-0001feb0: 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 id/123456789abcd\n-0001fec0: 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 ef0123456789abcd\n-0001fed0: 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 286c 766d 2f73 ef0). (lvm/s\n-0001fee0: 7973 7465 6d2d 726f 6f74 290a 2020 2020 ystem-root). \n-0001fef0: 2028 6c76 6d69 642f 4631 696b 6744 2d32 (lvmid/F1ikgD-2\n-0001ff00: 5245 532d 3330 3647 2d69 6c39 4d2d 3769 RES-306G-il9M-7i\n-0001ff10: 7761 2d34 4e4b 572d 4562 5631 4e56 2f65 wa-4NKW-EbV1NV/e\n-0001ff20: 4c47 7543 512d 4c34 4b61 2d58 5567 522d LGuCQ-L4Ka-XUgR-\n-0001ff30: 736a 744a 2d66 6663 682d 6261 6a72 2d66 sjtJ-ffch-bajr-f\n-0001ff40: 434e 667a 3529 0a20 2020 2020 286d 642f CNfz5). (md/\n-0001ff50: 6d79 7261 6964 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 myraid). (md\n-0001ff60: 2f30 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 3132 /0). (ieee12\n-0001ff70: 3735 2f64 6973 6b32 290a 2020 2020 2028 75/disk2). (\n-0001ff80: 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f2f 7063 6940 3166 ieee1275//pci@1f\n-0001ff90: 5c2c 302f 6964 6540 642f 6469 736b 4032 \\,0/ide@d/disk@2\n-0001ffa0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6e61 6e64 290a 2020 ). (nand). \n-0001ffb0: 2020 2028 6d65 6d64 6973 6b29 0a20 2020 (memdisk). \n-0001ffc0: 2020 2868 6f73 7429 0a20 2020 2020 286d (host). (m\n-0001ffd0: 796c 6f6f 7029 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 yloop). (hos\n-0001ffe0: 7464 6973 6b2f 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 290a tdisk//dev/sda).\n-0001fff0: 0a20 2020 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 2072 6570 . PART-NUM rep\n-00020000: 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 resents the part\n-00020010: 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 ition number of \n-00020020: 4445 5649 4345 2c20 7374 6172 7469 6e67 DEVICE, starting\n-00020030: 2066 726f 6d0a 6f6e 652e 2020 5041 5254 from.one. PART\n-00020040: 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c NAME is optional\n-00020050: 2062 7574 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e but is recommen\n-00020060: 6465 6420 7369 6e63 6520 6469 736b 206d ded since disk m\n-00020070: 6179 2068 6176 650a 7365 7665 7261 6c20 ay have.several \n-00020080: 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 7061 7274 6d61 top-level partma\n-00020090: 7073 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 ps. Specifying \n-000200a0: 7468 6972 6420 616e 6420 6c61 7465 7220 third and later \n-000200b0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 796f 750a 6361 component you.ca\n-000200c0: 6e20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7375 6270 n access to subp\n-000200d0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 artitions... T\n-000200e0: 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 e280 9828 6864 he syntax ...(hd\n-000200f0: 3029 e280 9920 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 0)... represents\n-00020100: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e74 6972 using the entir\n-00020110: 6520 6469 736b 2028 6f72 2074 6865 204d e disk (or the M\n-00020120: 4252 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c 6c69 BR when.installi\n-00020130: 6e67 2047 5255 4229 2c20 7768 696c 6520 ng GRUB), while \n-00020140: 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 8098 2868 the syntax ...(h\n-00020150: 6430 2c31 29e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 d0,1)... represe\n-00020160: 6e74 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 nts using the fi\n-00020170: 7273 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 rst.partition of\n-00020180: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 7468 the disk (or th\n-00020190: 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 e boot sector of\n-000201a0: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 the partition w\n-000201b0: 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 hen.installing G\n-000201c0: 5255 4229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 RUB)... (hd0\n-000201d0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 ,msdos1). (h\n-000201e0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6d73 646f 7335 d0,msdos1,msdos5\n-000201f0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f ). (hd0,msdo\n-00020200: 7331 2c62 7364 3329 0a20 2020 2020 2868 s1,bsd3). (h\n-00020210: 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 2020 2020 d0,netbsd1). \n-00020220: 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 290a 2020 2020 (hd0,gpt1). \n-00020230: 2028 6864 302c 312c 3329 0a0a 2020 2049 (hd0,1,3).. I\n-00020240: 6620 796f 7520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 7468 f you enabled th\n-00020250: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7375 7070 6f72 e network suppor\n-00020260: 742c 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 t, the special d\n-00020270: 7269 7665 730a e280 9828 5052 4f54 4f43 rives....(PROTOC\n-00020280: 4f4c 5b2c 5345 5256 4552 5d29 e280 9920 OL[,SERVER])... \n-00020290: 6172 6520 616c 736f 2061 7661 696c 6162 are also availab\n-000202a0: 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2070 le. Supported p\n-000202b0: 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2061 7265 0ae2 8098 rotocols are....\n-000202c0: 6874 7470 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9874 http... and ...t\n-000202d0: 6674 70e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5345 5256 ftp.... If SERV\n-000202e0: 4552 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2076 ER is omitted, v\n-000202f0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d alue of environm\n-00020300: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0ae2 8098 ent variable....\n-00020310: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n-00020320: 6572 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 642e 2020 er... is used. \n-00020330: 4265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 Before using the\n-00020340: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2064 7269 7665 2c20 network drive, \n-00020350: 796f 7520 6d75 7374 0a69 6e69 7469 616c you must.initial\n-00020360: 697a 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e ize the network.\n-00020370: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a *Note Network:\n-00020380: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f :, for more info\n-00020390: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 rmation... Whe\n-000203a0: 6e20 7573 696e 6720 e280 9868 7474 70e2 n using ...http.\n-000203b0: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 .. or ...tftp...\n-000203c0: 2c20 706f 7274 7320 6f74 6865 7220 7468 , ports other th\n-000203d0: 616e 20e2 8098 3830 e280 9920 6361 6e20 an ...80... can \n-000203e0: 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a75 7369 be specified.usi\n-000203f0: 6e67 2061 2063 6f6c 6f6e 2028 e280 983a ng a colon (...:\n-00020400: e280 9929 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 2061 ...) after the a\n-00020410: 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2054 6f20 6176 6f69 ddress. To avoi\n-00020420: 6420 7061 7273 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6c69 d parsing confli\n-00020430: 6374 732c 2077 6865 6e0a 7573 696e 6720 cts, when.using \n-00020440: 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2077 IPv6 addresses w\n-00020450: 6974 6820 6375 7374 6f6d 2070 6f72 7473 ith custom ports\n-00020460: 2c20 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 , the addresses \n-00020470: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 must be enclosed\n-00020480: 0a77 6974 6820 7371 7561 7265 2062 7261 .with square bra\n-00020490: 636b 6574 7320 28e2 8098 5b5d e280 9929 ckets (...[]...)\n-000204a0: 2c20 6173 2069 7320 7374 616e 6461 7264 , as is standard\n-000204b0: 2070 7261 6374 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 practice... \n-000204c0: 2028 6874 7470 2c67 7275 622e 6578 616d (http,grub.exam\n-000204d0: 706c 652e 636f 6d3a 3331 3333 3729 0a20 ple.com:31337). \n-000204e0: 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 3139 322e 302e (http,192.0.\n-000204f0: 322e 313a 3333 3929 0a20 2020 2020 2868 2.1:339). (h\n-00020500: 7474 702c 5b32 3030 313a 6462 383a 3a31 ttp,[2001:db8::1\n-00020510: 5d3a 3131 3233 3529 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 ]:11235).. If \n-00020520: 796f 7520 626f 6f74 2047 5255 4220 6672 you boot GRUB fr\n-00020530: 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d2c 20e2 8098 om a CD-ROM, ...\n-00020540: 2863 6429 e280 9920 6973 2061 7661 696c (cd)... is avail\n-00020550: 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204d 616b able. *Note Mak\n-00020560: 696e 6720 610a 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a.GRUB boota\n-00020570: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 2c20 666f ble CD-ROM::, fo\n-00020580: 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 r details.....Fi\n-00020590: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000205a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 Node: File name \n-000205b0: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 syntax, Next: B\n-000205c0: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 lock list syntax\n-000205d0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 , Prev: Device \n-000205e0: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c syntax, Up: Fil\n-000205f0: 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3220 486f esystem..13.2 Ho\n-00020600: 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c w to specify fil\n-00020610: 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d es.=============\n-00020620: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00020630: 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 ere are two ways\n-00020640: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 to specify file\n-00020650: 732c 2062 7920 e280 9c61 6273 6f6c 7574 s, by ...absolut\n-00020660: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 65e2 809d 2061 e file name... a\n-00020670: 6e64 2062 790a e280 9c62 6c6f 636b 206c nd by....block l\n-00020680: 6973 74e2 809d 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2061 ist...... An a\n-00020690: 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d bsolute file nam\n-000206a0: 6520 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 6120 556e e resembles a Un\n-000206b0: 6978 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 ix absolute file\n-000206c0: 206e 616d 652c 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 name, using ...\n-000206d0: 2fe2 8099 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2064 6972 /....for the dir\n-000206e0: 6563 746f 7279 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 ectory separator\n-000206f0: 2028 6e6f 7420 e280 985c e280 9920 6173 (not ...\\... as\n-00020700: 2069 6e20 444f 5329 2e20 4f6e 6520 6578 in DOS). One ex\n-00020710: 616d 706c 6520 6973 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 ample is....(hd0\n-00020720: 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 ,1)/boot/grub/gr\n-00020730: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 ub.cfg.... This\n-00020740: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 means the file \n-00020750: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 .../boot/grub/gr\n-00020760: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 990a 696e 2074 6865 ub.cfg....in the\n-00020770: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n-00020780: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n-00020790: 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 rd disk. If you\n-000207a0: 206f 6d69 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 omit the device\n-000207b0: 0a6e 616d 6520 696e 2061 6e20 6162 736f .name in an abso\n-000207c0: 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 lute file name, \n-000207d0: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 GRUB uses GRUB's\n-000207e0: 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 ...root device.\n-000207f0: 809d 0a69 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 792e 2020 ...implicitly. \n-00020800: 536f 2069 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 So if you set th\n-00020810: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f e root device to\n-00020820: 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 , say, ...(hd1,1\n-00020830: 29e2 8099 2062 7920 7468 650a 636f 6d6d )... by the.comm\n-00020840: 616e 6420 e280 9873 6574 2072 6f6f 743d and ...set root=\n-00020850: 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 (hd1,1)... (*not\n-00020860: 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 e set::), then .\n-00020870: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 ../boot/kernel..\n-00020880: 9920 6973 2074 6865 0a73 616d 6520 6173 . is the.same as\n-00020890: 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 ...(hd1,1)/boot\n-000208a0: 2f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 /kernel...... \n-000208b0: 4f6e 205a 4653 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 On ZFS filesyste\n-000208c0: 6d20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7468 m the first path\n-000208d0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206d 7573 7420 component must \n-000208e0: 6265 0a56 4f4c 554d 45e2 8098 40e2 8099 be.VOLUME...@...\n-000208f0: 5b53 4e41 5053 484f 545d 2e20 2053 6f20 [SNAPSHOT]. So \n-00020900: e280 982f 726f 6f74 766f 6c40 736e 6170 .../rootvol@snap\n-00020910: 2d31 3239 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 -129/boot/grub/g\n-00020920: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2072 6566 6572 rub.cfg... refer\n-00020930: 730a 746f 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f s.to file .../bo\n-00020940: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n-00020950: e280 9920 696e 2073 6e61 7073 686f 7420 ... in snapshot \n-00020960: 6f66 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 e280 9872 6f6f of volume ...roo\n-00020970: 7476 6f6c e280 9920 7769 7468 206e 616d tvol... with nam\n-00020980: 650a e280 9873 6e61 702d 3132 39e2 8099 e....snap-129...\n-00020990: 2e20 2054 7261 696c 696e 6720 e280 9840 . Trailing ...@\n-000209a0: e280 9920 6166 7465 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 ... after volume\n-000209b0: 206e 616d 6520 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f name is mandato\n-000209c0: 7279 2065 7665 6e20 6966 0a73 6e61 7073 ry even if.snaps\n-000209d0: 686f 7420 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 hot name is omit\n-000209e0: 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ted.....File: gr\n-000209f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00020a00: 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 Block list synta\n-00020a10: 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 206e x, Prev: File n\n-00020a20: 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a ame syntax, Up:\n-00020a30: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e Filesystem..13.\n-00020a40: 3320 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 3 How to specify\n-00020a50: 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7473 0a3d 3d3d block lists.===\n+0001f9d0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 ===..The device \n+0001f9e0: 7379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 syntax is like t\n+0001f9f0: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 his:.. (DEVI\n+0001fa00: 4345 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 CE[,PARTMAP-NAME\n+0001fa10: 3150 4152 542d 4e55 4d31 5b2c 5041 5254 1PART-NUM1[,PART\n+0001fa20: 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3250 4152 542d 4e55 MAP-NAME2PART-NU\n+0001fa30: 4d32 5b2c 2e2e 2e5d 5d5d 290a 0a20 2020 M2[,...]]]).. \n+0001fa40: e280 985b 5de2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2074 ...[]... means t\n+0001fa50: 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2069 7320 he parameter is \n+0001fa60: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2e20 2044 4556 4943 optional. DEVIC\n+0001fa70: 4520 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 E depends on the\n+0001fa80: 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 6572 2069 6e20 disk.driver in \n+0001fa90: 7573 652e 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 use. BIOS and E\n+0001faa0: 4649 2064 6973 6b73 2075 7365 2065 6974 FI disks use eit\n+0001fab0: 6865 7220 e280 9866 64e2 8099 206f 7220 her ...fd... or \n+0001fac0: e280 9868 64e2 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 ...hd... followe\n+0001fad0: 6420 6279 2061 0a64 6967 6974 2c20 6c69 d by a.digit, li\n+0001fae0: 6b65 20e2 8098 6664 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 ke ...fd0..., or\n+0001faf0: 20e2 8098 6364 e280 992e 2020 4148 4349 ...cd.... AHCI\n+0001fb00: 2c20 5041 5441 2028 6174 6129 2c20 6372 , PATA (ata), cr\n+0001fb10: 7970 746f 2c20 5553 4220 7573 6520 7468 ypto, USB use th\n+0001fb20: 6520 6e61 6d65 0a6f 6620 6472 6976 6572 e name.of driver\n+0001fb30: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 206e followed by a n\n+0001fb40: 756d 6265 722e 2020 4d65 6d64 6973 6b20 umber. Memdisk \n+0001fb50: 616e 6420 686f 7374 2061 7265 206c 696d and host are lim\n+0001fb60: 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6f6e 650a 6469 736b ited to one.disk\n+0001fb70: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6974 2773 2072 6566 and so it's ref\n+0001fb80: 6572 6564 206a 7573 7420 6279 2064 7269 ered just by dri\n+0001fb90: 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2052 4149 4420 ver name. RAID \n+0001fba0: 286d 6429 2c20 6f66 6469 736b 0a28 6965 (md), ofdisk.(ie\n+0001fbb0: 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 206e 616e 6429 ee1275 and nand)\n+0001fbc0: 2c20 4c56 4d20 286c 766d 292c 204c 444d , LVM (lvm), LDM\n+0001fbd0: 2c20 7669 7274 696f 2028 7664 736b 2920 , virtio (vdsk) \n+0001fbe0: 616e 6420 6172 6364 6973 6b20 2861 7263 and arcdisk (arc\n+0001fbf0: 2920 7573 650a 696e 7472 696e 7369 6320 ) use.intrinsic \n+0001fc00: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6469 736b 2070 7265 name of disk pre\n+0001fc10: 6669 7865 6420 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 fixed by driver \n+0001fc20: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 name. Additiona\n+0001fc30: 6c6c 7920 6a75 7374 0a22 6e61 6e64 2220 lly just.\"nand\" \n+0001fc40: 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 refers to the di\n+0001fc50: 736b 2061 6c69 6173 6564 2061 7320 226e sk aliased as \"n\n+0001fc60: 616e 6422 2e20 2043 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 and\". Conflicts\n+0001fc70: 2061 7265 2073 6f6c 7665 6420 6279 0a73 are solved by.s\n+0001fc80: 7566 6669 7869 6e67 2061 206e 756d 6265 uffixing a numbe\n+0001fc90: 7220 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 7272 792e r if necessarry.\n+0001fca0: 2020 436f 6d6d 6173 206e 6565 6420 746f Commas need to\n+0001fcb0: 2062 6520 6573 6361 7065 642e 2020 4c6f be escaped. Lo\n+0001fcc0: 6f70 6261 636b 0a75 7365 7320 7768 6174 opback.uses what\n+0001fcd0: 6576 6572 206e 616d 6520 7370 6563 6966 ever name specif\n+0001fce0: 6965 6420 746f 20e2 8098 6c6f 6f70 6261 ied to ...loopba\n+0001fcf0: 636b e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 ck... command. \n+0001fd00: 486f 7374 6469 736b 2075 7365 7320 6e61 Hostdisk uses na\n+0001fd10: 6d65 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e mes.specified in\n+0001fd20: 2064 6576 6963 652e 6d61 7020 6173 206c device.map as l\n+0001fd30: 6f6e 6720 6173 2069 7427 7320 6f66 2074 ong as it's of t\n+0001fd40: 6865 2066 6f72 6d20 5b66 6863 5d64 5b30 he form [fhc]d[0\n+0001fd50: 2d39 5d2a 206f 720a 686f 7374 6469 736b -9]* or.hostdisk\n+0001fd60: 2f3c 4f53 2044 4556 4943 453e 2e20 2046 /. F\n+0001fd70: 6f72 2063 7279 7074 6f20 616e 6420 5241 or crypto and RA\n+0001fd80: 4944 2028 6d64 2920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e ID (md) addition\n+0001fd90: 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 ally you can use\n+0001fda0: 0a74 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 3c64 7269 .the syntax uuid/. For LVM a\n+0001fdd0: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 dditionally you \n+0001fde0: 6361 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 can use.the synt\n+0001fdf0: 6178 206c 766d 6964 2f3c 766f 6c75 6d65 ax lvmid//... \n+0001fe20: 2020 2866 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 (fd0). (hd\n+0001fe30: 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 6429 0a20 2020 0). (cd). \n+0001fe40: 2020 2861 6863 6930 290a 2020 2020 2028 (ahci0). (\n+0001fe50: 6174 6130 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 ata0). (cryp\n+0001fe60: 746f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2875 7362 3029 to0). (usb0)\n+0001fe70: 0a20 2020 2020 2863 7279 7074 6f75 7569 . (cryptouui\n+0001fe80: 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 d/123456789abcde\n+0001fe90: 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 f0123456789abcde\n+0001fea0: 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 7575 6964 f0). (mduuid\n+0001feb0: 2f31 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 /123456789abcdef\n+0001fec0: 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 0123456789abcdef\n+0001fed0: 3029 0a20 2020 2020 286c 766d 2f73 7973 0). (lvm/sys\n+0001fee0: 7465 6d2d 726f 6f74 290a 2020 2020 2028 tem-root). (\n+0001fef0: 6c76 6d69 642f 4631 696b 6744 2d32 5245 lvmid/F1ikgD-2RE\n+0001ff00: 532d 3330 3647 2d69 6c39 4d2d 3769 7761 S-306G-il9M-7iwa\n+0001ff10: 2d34 4e4b 572d 4562 5631 4e56 2f65 4c47 -4NKW-EbV1NV/eLG\n+0001ff20: 7543 512d 4c34 4b61 2d58 5567 522d 736a uCQ-L4Ka-XUgR-sj\n+0001ff30: 744a 2d66 6663 682d 6261 6a72 2d66 434e tJ-ffch-bajr-fCN\n+0001ff40: 667a 3529 0a20 2020 2020 286d 642f 6d79 fz5). (md/my\n+0001ff50: 7261 6964 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 2f30 raid). (md/0\n+0001ff60: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 ). (ieee1275\n+0001ff70: 2f64 6973 6b32 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 /disk2). (ie\n+0001ff80: 6565 3132 3735 2f2f 7063 6940 3166 5c2c ee1275//pci@1f\\,\n+0001ff90: 302f 6964 6540 642f 6469 736b 4032 290a 0/ide@d/disk@2).\n+0001ffa0: 2020 2020 2028 6e61 6e64 290a 2020 2020 (nand). \n+0001ffb0: 2028 6d65 6d64 6973 6b29 0a20 2020 2020 (memdisk). \n+0001ffc0: 2868 6f73 7429 0a20 2020 2020 286d 796c (host). (myl\n+0001ffd0: 6f6f 7029 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7464 oop). (hostd\n+0001ffe0: 6973 6b2f 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 290a 0a20 isk//dev/sda).. \n+0001fff0: 2020 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 2072 6570 7265 PART-NUM repre\n+00020000: 7365 6e74 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 sents the partit\n+00020010: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4445 ion number of DE\n+00020020: 5649 4345 2c20 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 VICE, starting f\n+00020030: 726f 6d0a 6f6e 652e 2020 5041 5254 4e41 rom.one. PARTNA\n+00020040: 4d45 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2062 ME is optional b\n+00020050: 7574 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 ut is recommende\n+00020060: 6420 7369 6e63 6520 6469 736b 206d 6179 d since disk may\n+00020070: 2068 6176 650a 7365 7665 7261 6c20 746f have.several to\n+00020080: 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 7061 7274 6d61 7073 p-level partmaps\n+00020090: 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 . Specifying th\n+000200a0: 6972 6420 616e 6420 6c61 7465 7220 636f ird and later co\n+000200b0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 796f 750a 6361 6e20 mponent you.can \n+000200c0: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7375 6270 6172 access to subpar\n+000200d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 titions... The\n+000200e0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 e280 9828 6864 3029 syntax ...(hd0)\n+000200f0: e280 9920 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2075 ... represents u\n+00020100: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e74 6972 6520 sing the entire \n+00020110: 6469 736b 2028 6f72 2074 6865 204d 4252 disk (or the MBR\n+00020120: 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 when.installing\n+00020130: 2047 5255 4229 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 GRUB), while th\n+00020140: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 8098 2868 6430 e syntax ...(hd0\n+00020150: 2c31 29e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 ,1)... represent\n+00020160: 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 s using the firs\n+00020170: 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 t.partition of t\n+00020180: 6865 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 7468 6520 he disk (or the \n+00020190: 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 boot sector of t\n+000201a0: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 he partition whe\n+000201b0: 6e0a 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 n.installing GRU\n+000201c0: 4229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d B)... (hd0,m\n+000201d0: 7364 6f73 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 sdos1). (hd0\n+000201e0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6d73 646f 7335 290a ,msdos1,msdos5).\n+000201f0: 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 (hd0,msdos1\n+00020200: 2c62 7364 3329 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 ,bsd3). (hd0\n+00020210: 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 2020 2020 2028 ,netbsd1). (\n+00020220: 6864 302c 6770 7431 290a 2020 2020 2028 hd0,gpt1). (\n+00020230: 6864 302c 312c 3329 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 hd0,1,3).. If \n+00020240: 796f 7520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 7468 6520 you enabled the \n+00020250: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7375 7070 6f72 742c network support,\n+00020260: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 the special dri\n+00020270: 7665 730a e280 9828 5052 4f54 4f43 4f4c ves....(PROTOCOL\n+00020280: 5b2c 5345 5256 4552 5d29 e280 9920 6172 [,SERVER])... ar\n+00020290: 6520 616c 736f 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 e also available\n+000202a0: 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2070 726f . Supported pro\n+000202b0: 746f 636f 6c73 2061 7265 0ae2 8098 6874 tocols are....ht\n+000202c0: 7470 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9874 6674 tp... and ...tft\n+000202d0: 70e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5345 5256 4552 p.... If SERVER\n+000202e0: 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2076 616c is omitted, val\n+000202f0: 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ue of environmen\n+00020300: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0ae2 8098 6e65 t variable....ne\n+00020310: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n+00020320: e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 642e 2020 4265 ... is used. Be\n+00020330: 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206e fore using the n\n+00020340: 6574 776f 726b 2064 7269 7665 2c20 796f etwork drive, yo\n+00020350: 7520 6d75 7374 0a69 6e69 7469 616c 697a u must.initializ\n+00020360: 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 e the network. \n+00020370: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2c *Note Network::,\n+00020380: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d for more inform\n+00020390: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 ation... When \n+000203a0: 7573 696e 6720 e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 using ...http...\n+000203b0: 206f 7220 e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2c20 or ...tftp..., \n+000203c0: 706f 7274 7320 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e ports other than\n+000203d0: 20e2 8098 3830 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 ...80... can be\n+000203e0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a75 7369 6e67 specified.using\n+000203f0: 2061 2063 6f6c 6f6e 2028 e280 983a e280 a colon (...:..\n+00020400: 9929 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 2061 6464 .) after the add\n+00020410: 7265 7373 2e20 2054 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 ress. To avoid \n+00020420: 7061 7273 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6c69 6374 parsing conflict\n+00020430: 732c 2077 6865 6e0a 7573 696e 6720 4950 s, when.using IP\n+00020440: 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2077 6974 v6 addresses wit\n+00020450: 6820 6375 7374 6f6d 2070 6f72 7473 2c20 h custom ports, \n+00020460: 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 6d75 the addresses mu\n+00020470: 7374 2062 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 0a77 st be enclosed.w\n+00020480: 6974 6820 7371 7561 7265 2062 7261 636b ith square brack\n+00020490: 6574 7320 28e2 8098 5b5d e280 9929 2c20 ets (...[]...), \n+000204a0: 6173 2069 7320 7374 616e 6461 7264 2070 as is standard p\n+000204b0: 7261 6374 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 ractice... (\n+000204c0: 6874 7470 2c67 7275 622e 6578 616d 706c http,grub.exampl\n+000204d0: 652e 636f 6d3a 3331 3333 3729 0a20 2020 e.com:31337). \n+000204e0: 2020 2868 7474 702c 3139 322e 302e 322e (http,192.0.2.\n+000204f0: 313a 3333 3929 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 1:339). (htt\n+00020500: 702c 5b32 3030 313a 6462 383a 3a31 5d3a p,[2001:db8::1]:\n+00020510: 3131 3233 3529 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 11235).. If yo\n+00020520: 7520 626f 6f74 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d u boot GRUB from\n+00020530: 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d2c 20e2 8098 2863 a CD-ROM, ...(c\n+00020540: 6429 e280 9920 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 d)... is availab\n+00020550: 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e le. *Note Makin\n+00020560: 6720 610a 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a.GRUB bootabl\n+00020570: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 e CD-ROM::, for \n+00020580: 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 details.....File\n+00020590: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000205a0: 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 de: File name sy\n+000205b0: 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6c6f ntax, Next: Blo\n+000205c0: 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 ck list syntax, \n+000205d0: 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 Prev: Device sy\n+000205e0: 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 ntax, Up: Files\n+000205f0: 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3220 486f 7720 ystem..13.2 How \n+00020600: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 to specify files\n+00020610: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00020620: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6572 ==========..Ther\n+00020630: 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 e are two ways t\n+00020640: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 732c o specify files,\n+00020650: 2062 7920 e280 9c61 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 by ...absolute \n+00020660: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 65e2 809d 2061 6e64 file name... and\n+00020670: 2062 790a e280 9c62 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 by....block lis\n+00020680: 74e2 809d 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2061 6273 t...... An abs\n+00020690: 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 olute file name \n+000206a0: 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 6120 556e 6978 resembles a Unix\n+000206b0: 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e absolute file n\n+000206c0: 616d 652c 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 2fe2 ame, using .../.\n+000206d0: 8099 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 ...for the direc\n+000206e0: 746f 7279 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2028 tory separator (\n+000206f0: 6e6f 7420 e280 985c e280 9920 6173 2069 not ...\\... as i\n+00020700: 6e20 444f 5329 2e20 4f6e 6520 6578 616d n DOS). One exam\n+00020710: 706c 6520 6973 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 ple is....(hd0,1\n+00020720: 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 )/boot/grub/grub\n+00020730: 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d .cfg.... This m\n+00020740: 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 e280 eans the file ..\n+00020750: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 ./boot/grub/grub\n+00020760: 2e63 6667 e280 990a 696e 2074 6865 2066 .cfg....in the f\n+00020770: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f irst partition o\n+00020780: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n+00020790: 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206f disk. If you o\n+000207a0: 6d69 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 0a6e mit the device.n\n+000207b0: 616d 6520 696e 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 ame in an absolu\n+000207c0: 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 4752 te file name, GR\n+000207d0: 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 UB uses GRUB's .\n+000207e0: 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d ..root device...\n+000207f0: 0a69 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 792e 2020 536f .implicitly. So\n+00020800: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6520 if you set the \n+00020810: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2c20 root device to, \n+00020820: 7361 792c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 say, ...(hd1,1).\n+00020830: 8099 2062 7920 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e .. by the.comman\n+00020840: 6420 e280 9873 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 d ...set root=(h\n+00020850: 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 d1,1)... (*note \n+00020860: 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 set::), then ...\n+00020870: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 /boot/kernel... \n+00020880: 6973 2074 6865 0a73 616d 6520 6173 20e2 is the.same as .\n+00020890: 8098 2868 6431 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f6b ..(hd1,1)/boot/k\n+000208a0: 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e ernel...... On\n+000208b0: 205a 4653 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 ZFS filesystem \n+000208c0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7468 2063 the first path c\n+000208d0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206d 7573 7420 6265 omponent must be\n+000208e0: 0a56 4f4c 554d 45e2 8098 40e2 8099 5b53 .VOLUME...@...[S\n+000208f0: 4e41 5053 484f 545d 2e20 2053 6f20 e280 NAPSHOT]. So ..\n+00020900: 982f 726f 6f74 766f 6c40 736e 6170 2d31 ./rootvol@snap-1\n+00020910: 3239 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 29/boot/grub/gru\n+00020920: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2072 6566 6572 730a b.cfg... refers.\n+00020930: 746f 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 to file .../boot\n+00020940: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 /grub/grub.cfg..\n+00020950: 9920 696e 2073 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6f66 . in snapshot of\n+00020960: 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 7476 volume ...rootv\n+00020970: 6f6c e280 9920 7769 7468 206e 616d 650a ol... with name.\n+00020980: e280 9873 6e61 702d 3132 39e2 8099 2e20 ...snap-129.... \n+00020990: 2054 7261 696c 696e 6720 e280 9840 e280 Trailing ...@..\n+000209a0: 9920 6166 7465 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 206e . after volume n\n+000209b0: 616d 6520 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 ame is mandatory\n+000209c0: 2065 7665 6e20 6966 0a73 6e61 7073 686f even if.snapsho\n+000209d0: 7420 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 t name is omitte\n+000209e0: 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 d.....File: grub\n+000209f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 426c .info, Node: Bl\n+00020a00: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c ock list syntax,\n+00020a10: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d Prev: File nam\n+00020a20: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 e syntax, Up: F\n+00020a30: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3320 ilesystem..13.3 \n+00020a40: 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 How to specify b\n+00020a50: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d lock lists.=====\n 00020a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 ============..A \n-00020a80: 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2069 7320 7573 block list is us\n-00020a90: 6564 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e ed for specifyin\n-00020aa0: 6720 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 646f g a file that do\n-00020ab0: 6573 6e27 7420 6170 7065 6172 2069 6e20 esn't appear in \n-00020ac0: 7468 650a 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 the.filesystem, \n-00020ad0: 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 like a chainload\n-00020ae0: 6572 2e20 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 er. The syntax \n-00020af0: 6973 0ae2 8098 5b4f 4646 5345 545d 2b5b is....[OFFSET]+[\n-00020b00: 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5b 2c5b 4f46 4653 4554 LENGTH][,[OFFSET\n-00020b10: 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 485d 5d2e 2e2e e280 ]+[LENGTH]].....\n-00020b20: 992e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 .. Here is an e\n-00020b30: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 302b xample:.. 0+\n-00020b40: 3130 302c 3230 302b 312c 3330 302b 3330 100,200+1,300+30\n-00020b50: 302c 3830 302b 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 0,800+.. This \n-00020b60: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6861 7420 represents that \n-00020b70: 4752 5542 2073 686f 756c 6420 7265 6164 GRUB should read\n-00020b80: 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3020 7468 726f 7567 blocks 0 throug\n-00020b90: 6820 3939 2c20 626c 6f63 6b20 3230 302c h 99, block 200,\n-00020ba0: 0a62 6c6f 636b 7320 3330 3020 7468 726f .blocks 300 thro\n-00020bb0: 7567 6820 3539 392c 2061 6e64 2062 6c6f ugh 599, and blo\n-00020bc0: 636b 7320 3830 3020 756e 7469 6c20 7468 cks 800 until th\n-00020bd0: 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6576 e end of the dev\n-00020be0: 6963 652e 2020 4966 0a79 6f75 206f 6d69 ice. If.you omi\n-00020bf0: 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 742c 2074 6865 t an offset, the\n-00020c00: 6e20 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 n GRUB assumes t\n-00020c10: 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 6973 207a 6572 he offset is zer\n-00020c20: 6f2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 o. If the lengt\n-00020c30: 680a 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 h.is omitted, th\n-00020c40: 656e 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 en GRUB assumes \n-00020c50: 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2065 the block list e\n-00020c60: 7874 656e 6473 2075 6e74 696c 2074 6865 xtends until the\n-00020c70: 2065 6e64 206f 660a 7468 6520 6465 7669 end of.the devi\n-00020c80: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 2074 6865 ce... Like the\n-00020c90: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 file name synta\n-00020ca0: 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 x (*note File na\n-00020cb0: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 6966 me syntax::), if\n-00020cc0: 2061 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a64 6f65 a blocklist.doe\n-00020cd0: 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 s not contain a \n-00020ce0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652c 2074 6865 device name, the\n-00020cf0: 6e20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 5542 n GRUB uses GRUB\n-00020d00: 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 's ...root devic\n-00020d10: 65e2 809d 2e20 2053 6f0a e280 9828 6864 e.... So....(hd\n-00020d20: 302c 3229 2b31 e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 0,2)+1... is the\n-00020d30: 2073 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 2b31 e280 same as ...+1..\n-00020d40: 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 . when the root \n-00020d50: 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 e280 9828 6864 device is ...(hd\n-00020d60: 302c 3229 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 0,2)........File\n-00020d70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00020d80: 6465 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 de: Interface, \n-00020d90: 4e65 7874 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Next: Environmen\n-00020da0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 t, Prev: Filesy\n-00020db0: 7374 656d 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a stem, Up: Top..\n-00020dc0: 3134 2047 5255 4227 7320 7573 6572 2069 14 GRUB's user i\n-00020dd0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a nterface.*******\n-00020de0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00020df0: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 6861 7320 626f 7468 *..GRUB has both\n-00020e00: 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 a simple menu i\n-00020e10: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2066 6f72 2063 686f nterface for cho\n-00020e20: 6f73 696e 6720 7072 6573 6574 2065 6e74 osing preset ent\n-00020e30: 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 610a 636f 6e66 ries from a.conf\n-00020e40: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 iguration file, \n-00020e50: 616e 6420 6120 6869 6768 6c79 2066 6c65 and a highly fle\n-00020e60: 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 xible command-li\n-00020e70: 6e65 2066 6f72 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e ne for performin\n-00020e80: 670a 616e 7920 6465 7369 7265 6420 636f g.any desired co\n-00020e90: 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2062 6f6f mbination of boo\n-00020ea0: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 t commands... \n-00020eb0: 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b73 2066 6f72 2069 GRUB looks for i\n-00020ec0: 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ts configuration\n-00020ed0: 2066 696c 6520 6173 2073 6f6f 6e20 6173 file as soon as\n-00020ee0: 2069 7420 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 it is loaded. \n-00020ef0: 4966 0a6f 6e65 2069 7320 666f 756e 642c If.one is found,\n-00020f00: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 206d then the full m\n-00020f10: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 enu interface is\n-00020f20: 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2075 7369 6e67 activated using\n-00020f30: 2077 6861 7465 7665 720a 656e 7472 6965 whatever.entrie\n-00020f40: 7320 7765 7265 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 s were found in \n-00020f50: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 796f the file. If yo\n-00020f60: 7520 6368 6f6f 7365 2074 6865 20e2 809c u choose the ...\n-00020f70: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d20 command-line... \n-00020f80: 6d65 6e75 0a6f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 menu.option, or \n-00020f90: 6966 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 if the configura\n-00020fa0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 6e6f tion file was no\n-00020fb0: 7420 666f 756e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 t found, then GR\n-00020fc0: 5542 2064 726f 7073 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 UB drops to.the \n-00020fd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 command-line int\n-00020fe0: 6572 6661 6365 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a erface...* Menu:\n-00020ff0: 0a0a 2a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ..* Command-line\n-00021000: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 interface:: \n-00021010: 2020 5468 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2063 The flexible c\n-00021020: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n-00021030: 7266 6163 650a 2a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 rface.* Menu int\n-00021040: 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 erface:: \n-00021050: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 The simple\n-00021060: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a menu interface.\n-00021070: 2a20 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 * Menu entry edi\n-00021080: 746f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tor:: \n-00021090: 4564 6974 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 Editing a menu e\n-000210a0: 6e74 7279 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ntry....File: gr\n-000210b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000210c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 Command-line int\n-000210d0: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d erface, Next: M\n-000210e0: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 enu interface, \n-000210f0: 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 Up: Interface..1\n-00021100: 342e 3120 5468 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 4.1 The flexible\n-00021110: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e command-line in\n-00021120: 7465 7266 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d terface.========\n+00020a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 626c ==========..A bl\n+00020a80: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2069 7320 7573 6564 ock list is used\n+00020a90: 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 for specifying \n+00020aa0: 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 646f 6573 a file that does\n+00020ab0: 6e27 7420 6170 7065 6172 2069 6e20 7468 n't appear in th\n+00020ac0: 650a 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6c69 e.filesystem, li\n+00020ad0: 6b65 2061 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 ke a chainloader\n+00020ae0: 2e20 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 . The syntax is\n+00020af0: 0ae2 8098 5b4f 4646 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 ....[OFFSET]+[LE\n+00020b00: 4e47 5448 5d5b 2c5b 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b NGTH][,[OFFSET]+\n+00020b10: 5b4c 454e 4754 485d 5d2e 2e2e e280 992e [LENGTH]].......\n+00020b20: 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 Here is an exa\n+00020b30: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 302b 3130 mple:.. 0+10\n+00020b40: 302c 3230 302b 312c 3330 302b 3330 302c 0,200+1,300+300,\n+00020b50: 3830 302b 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7265 800+.. This re\n+00020b60: 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6861 7420 4752 presents that GR\n+00020b70: 5542 2073 686f 756c 6420 7265 6164 2062 UB should read b\n+00020b80: 6c6f 636b 7320 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 locks 0 through \n+00020b90: 3939 2c20 626c 6f63 6b20 3230 302c 0a62 99, block 200,.b\n+00020ba0: 6c6f 636b 7320 3330 3020 7468 726f 7567 locks 300 throug\n+00020bb0: 6820 3539 392c 2061 6e64 2062 6c6f 636b h 599, and block\n+00020bc0: 7320 3830 3020 756e 7469 6c20 7468 6520 s 800 until the \n+00020bd0: 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 end of the devic\n+00020be0: 652e 2020 4966 0a79 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 e. If.you omit \n+00020bf0: 616e 206f 6666 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 an offset, then \n+00020c00: 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 6865 GRUB assumes the\n+00020c10: 206f 6666 7365 7420 6973 207a 6572 6f2e offset is zero.\n+00020c20: 2020 4966 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 680a If the length.\n+00020c30: 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e is omitted, then\n+00020c40: 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 GRUB assumes th\n+00020c50: 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2065 7874 e block list ext\n+00020c60: 656e 6473 2075 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2065 ends until the e\n+00020c70: 6e64 206f 660a 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 nd of.the device\n+00020c80: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 2074 6865 2066 ... Like the f\n+00020c90: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 7820 ile name syntax \n+00020ca0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 (*note File name\n+00020cb0: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 6966 2061 syntax::), if a\n+00020cc0: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a64 6f65 7320 blocklist.does \n+00020cd0: 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 6465 not contain a de\n+00020ce0: 7669 6365 206e 616d 652c 2074 6865 6e20 vice name, then \n+00020cf0: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 GRUB uses GRUB's\n+00020d00: 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 ...root device.\n+00020d10: 809d 2e20 2053 6f0a e280 9828 6864 302c ... 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If you \n+00020f60: 6368 6f6f 7365 2074 6865 20e2 809c 636f choose the ...co\n+00020f70: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d20 6d65 mmand-line... me\n+00020f80: 6e75 0a6f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 6966 nu.option, or if\n+00020f90: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the configurati\n+00020fa0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 on file was not \n+00020fb0: 666f 756e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 found, then GRUB\n+00020fc0: 2064 726f 7073 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 636f drops to.the co\n+00020fd0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n+00020fe0: 6661 6365 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a face...* Menu:..\n+00020ff0: 2a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 * Command-line i\n+00021000: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 nterface:: \n+00021010: 5468 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d The flexible com\n+00021020: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n+00021030: 6163 650a 2a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 ace.* Menu inter\n+00021040: 6661 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 face:: \n+00021050: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 206d The simple m\n+00021060: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 enu interface.* \n+00021070: 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f Menu entry edito\n+00021080: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4564 r:: Ed\n+00021090: 6974 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 iting a menu ent\n+000210a0: 7279 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ry....File: grub\n+000210b0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n+000210c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n+000210d0: 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 656e face, Next: Men\n+000210e0: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 u interface, Up\n+000210f0: 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e : Interface..14.\n+00021100: 3120 5468 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2063 1 The flexible c\n+00021110: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n+00021120: 7266 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rface.==========\n 00021130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021150: 0a0a 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ..The command-li\n-00021160: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2070 726f ne interface pro\n-00021170: 7669 6465 7320 6120 7072 6f6d 7074 2061 vides a prompt a\n-00021180: 6e64 2061 6674 6572 2069 7420 616e 2065 nd after it an e\n-00021190: 6469 7461 626c 650a 7465 7874 2061 7265 ditable.text are\n-000211a0: 6120 6d75 6368 206c 696b 6520 6120 636f a much like a co\n-000211b0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 556e mmand-line in Un\n-000211c0: 6978 206f 7220 444f 532e 2045 6163 6820 ix or DOS. 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(1) Howeve\n-00021890: 722c 2074 6869 7320 6265 6861 7669 6f72 r, this behavior\n-000218a0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 will be changed\n-000218b0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2076 in the future v\n-000218c0: 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 696e 0a61 2075 7365 ersion, in.a use\n-000218d0: 722d 696e 7669 7369 626c 6520 7761 792e r-invisible way.\n-000218e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000218f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 nfo, Node: Menu\n-00021900: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 interface, Nex\n-00021910: 743a 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 t: Menu entry ed\n-00021920: 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d itor, Prev: Com\n-00021930: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n-00021940: 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 ace, Up: Interf\n-00021950: 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3220 5468 6520 7369 ace..14.2 The si\n-00021960: 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 mple menu interf\n-00021970: 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ace.============\n+00021140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00021150: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 The command-line\n+00021160: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2070 726f 7669 interface provi\n+00021170: 6465 7320 6120 7072 6f6d 7074 2061 6e64 des a prompt and\n+00021180: 2061 6674 6572 2069 7420 616e 2065 6469 after it an edi\n+00021190: 7461 626c 650a 7465 7874 2061 7265 6120 table.text area \n+000211a0: 6d75 6368 206c 696b 6520 6120 636f 6d6d much like a comm\n+000211b0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 556e 6978 and-line in Unix\n+000211c0: 206f 7220 444f 532e 2045 6163 6820 636f or DOS. Each co\n+000211d0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a69 6d6d 6564 6961 mmand is.immedia\n+000211e0: 7465 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 6166 tely executed af\n+000211f0: 7465 7220 6974 2069 7320 656e 7465 7265 ter it is entere\n+00021200: 6428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d d(1) (*note Comm\n+00021210: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 and-line.interfa\n+00021220: 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 ce-Footnote-1::)\n+00021230: 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 . 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Move up \n+00021580: 7468 726f 7567 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 through the hist\n+00021590: 6f72 7920 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6e3e ory list...\n+000215a0: 0a3c 5043 2064 6f77 6e20 6b65 793e 0a20 .. \n+000215b0: 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 Move down th\n+000215c0: 726f 7567 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 rough the histor\n+000215d0: 7920 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e y list... When\n+000215e0: 2074 7970 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 typing commands\n+000215f0: 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 interactively, \n+00021600: 6966 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 6973 if the cursor is\n+00021610: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6f72 2062 6566 6f72 within or befor\n+00021620: 650a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 e.the first word\n+00021630: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d in the command-\n+00021640: 6c69 6e65 2c20 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 line, pressing t\n+00021650: 6865 203c 5441 423e 206b 6579 2028 6f72 he key (or\n+00021660: 203c 432d 693e 290a 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 ).will dis\n+00021670: 706c 6179 2061 206c 6973 7469 6e67 206f play a listing o\n+00021680: 6620 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 f the available \n+00021690: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 616e 6420 6966 commands, and if\n+000216a0: 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 6973 0a61 the cursor is.a\n+000216b0: 6674 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2077 fter the first w\n+000216c0: 6f72 642c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 3c54 4142 ord, the ...... will provid\n+000216e0: 6520 6120 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 206c e a completion l\n+000216f0: 6973 7469 6e67 206f 660a 6469 736b 732c isting of.disks,\n+00021700: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 partitions, and\n+00021710: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 file names depe\n+00021720: 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e nding on the con\n+00021730: 7465 7874 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 text. Note that\n+00021740: 0a74 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 206c 6973 .to obtain a lis\n+00021750: 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c 206f 6e65 t of drives, one\n+00021760: 206d 7573 7420 6f70 656e 2061 2070 6172 must open a par\n+00021770: 656e 7468 6573 6973 2c20 6173 20e2 8098 enthesis, as ...\n+00021780: 726f 6f74 2028 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 204e root (...... N\n+00021790: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e ote that you can\n+000217a0: 6e6f 7420 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d70 not use the comp\n+000217b0: 6c65 7469 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 letion functiona\n+000217c0: 6c69 7479 2069 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 lity in the TFTP\n+000217d0: 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 .filesystem. Th\n+000217e0: 6973 2069 7320 6265 6361 7573 6520 5446 is is because TF\n+000217f0: 5450 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2073 7570 706f TP doesn't suppo\n+00021800: 7274 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206c 6973 rt file name lis\n+00021810: 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2073 6563 ting for.the sec\n+00021820: 7572 6974 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 urity.....File: \n+00021830: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00021840: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 : Command-line i\n+00021850: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 nterface-Footnot\n+00021860: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 es, Up: Command\n+00021870: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a -line interface.\n+00021880: 0a20 2020 2831 2920 486f 7765 7665 722c . (1) However,\n+00021890: 2074 6869 7320 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2077 this behavior w\n+000218a0: 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2069 ill be changed i\n+000218b0: 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2076 6572 n the future ver\n+000218c0: 7369 6f6e 2c20 696e 0a61 2075 7365 722d sion, in.a user-\n+000218d0: 696e 7669 7369 626c 6520 7761 792e 0a0a invisible way...\n+000218e0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000218f0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 o, Node: Menu i\n+00021900: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a nterface, Next:\n+00021910: 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 Menu entry edit\n+00021920: 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 or, Prev: Comma\n+00021930: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n+00021940: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 e, Up: Interfac\n+00021950: 650a 0a31 342e 3220 5468 6520 7369 6d70 e..14.2 The simp\n+00021960: 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 le menu interfac\n+00021970: 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e.==============\n 00021980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021990: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 ==..The menu int\n-000219a0: 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 erface is quite \n-000219b0: 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 4974 easy to use. It\n-000219c0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2062 s commands are b\n-000219d0: 6f74 680a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c79 2069 oth.reasonably i\n-000219e0: 6e74 7569 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2064 6573 ntuitive and des\n-000219f0: 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e cribed on screen\n-00021a00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4261 7369 6361 6c6c 792c ... Basically,\n-00021a10: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 the menu interf\n-00021a20: 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 206c ace provides a l\n-00021a30: 6973 7420 6f66 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 2065 ist of ...boot e\n-00021a40: 6e74 7269 6573 e280 9d20 746f 0a74 6865 ntries... to.the\n-00021a50: 2075 7365 7220 746f 2063 686f 6f73 6520 user to choose \n-00021a60: 6672 6f6d 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6865 2061 from. Use the a\n-00021a70: 7272 6f77 206b 6579 7320 746f 2073 656c rrow keys to sel\n-00021a80: 6563 7420 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6f66 ect the entry of\n-00021a90: 0a63 686f 6963 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7072 .choice, then pr\n-00021aa0: 6573 7320 3c52 4554 3e20 746f 2072 756e ess to run\n-00021ab0: 2069 742e 2020 416e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 it. An optiona\n-00021ac0: 6c20 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6973 2061 7661 l timeout is ava\n-00021ad0: 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 626f 6f74 2074 ilable to.boot t\n-00021ae0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 he default entry\n-00021af0: 2028 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6f6e 6520 (the first one \n-00021b00: 6966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 292c 2077 6869 if not set), whi\n-00021b10: 6368 2069 7320 6162 6f72 7465 6420 6279 ch is aborted by\n-00021b20: 0a70 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e 7920 6b65 .pressing any ke\n-00021b30: 792e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 y... Commands \n-00021b40: 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f are available to\n-00021b50: 2065 6e74 6572 2061 2062 6172 6520 636f enter a bare co\n-00021b60: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2062 7920 7072 mmand-line by pr\n-00021b70: 6573 7369 6e67 203c 633e 0a28 7768 6963 essing .(whic\n-00021b80: 6820 6f70 6572 6174 6573 2065 7861 6374 h operates exact\n-00021b90: 6c79 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d ly like the non-\n-00021ba0: 636f 6e66 6967 2d66 696c 6520 7665 7273 config-file vers\n-00021bb0: 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 ion of GRUB, but\n-00021bc0: 0a61 6c6c 6f77 7320 6f6e 6520 746f 2072 .allows one to r\n-00021bd0: 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206d 656e eturn to the men\n-00021be0: 7520 6966 2064 6573 6972 6564 2062 7920 u if desired by \n-00021bf0: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2920 pressing ) \n-00021c00: 6f72 2074 6f0a 6564 6974 2061 6e79 206f or to.edit any o\n-00021c10: 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 656e f the ...boot en\n-00021c20: 7472 6965 73e2 809d 2062 7920 7072 6573 tries... by pres\n-00021c30: 7369 6e67 203c 653e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 sing ... If\n-00021c40: 2079 6f75 2070 726f 7465 6374 2074 6865 you protect the\n-00021c50: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 menu interface \n-00021c60: 7769 7468 2061 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 with a password \n-00021c70: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a (*note Security:\n-00021c80: 3a29 2c0a 616c 6c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 :),.all you can \n-00021c90: 646f 2069 7320 6368 6f6f 7365 2061 6e20 do is choose an \n-00021ca0: 656e 7472 7920 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e entry by pressin\n-00021cb0: 6720 3c52 4554 3e2c 206f 7220 7072 6573 g , or pres\n-00021cc0: 7320 3c70 3e20 746f 0a65 6e74 6572 2074 s

to.enter t\n-00021cd0: 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e 0a0a 2020 he password... \n-00021ce0: 2050 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c43 7472 6c2d Pressing will refresh \n-00021d00: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 7768 6963 6820 the menu, which \n-00021d10: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 can be useful wh\n-00021d20: 656e 0a63 6f6e 6e65 6374 696e 6720 7669 en.connecting vi\n-00021d30: 6120 7365 7269 616c 2061 6674 6572 2074 a serial after t\n-00021d40: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6861 7320 6265 656e he menu has been\n-00021d50: 2064 7261 776e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a drawn.....File:\n-00021d60: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00021d70: 653a 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 e: Menu entry ed\n-00021d80: 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 656e itor, Prev: Men\n-00021d90: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 u interface, Up\n-00021da0: 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e : Interface..14.\n-00021db0: 3320 4564 6974 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 3 Editing a menu\n-00021dc0: 2065 6e74 7279 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d entry.=========\n-00021dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021de0: 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 ..The menu entry\n-00021df0: 2065 6469 746f 7220 6c6f 6f6b 7320 6d75 editor looks mu\n-00021e00: 6368 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 6d61 696e ch like the main\n-00021e10: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c menu interface,\n-00021e20: 2062 7574 2074 6865 0a6c 696e 6573 2069 but the.lines i\n-00021e30: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 7265 2069 n the menu are i\n-00021e40: 6e64 6976 6964 7561 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e ndividual comman\n-00021e50: 6473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 ds in the select\n-00021e60: 6564 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6e73 7465 6164 ed entry instead\n-00021e70: 0a6f 6620 656e 7472 7920 6e61 6d65 732e .of entry names.\n-00021e80: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 616e 203c 4553 433e .. If an \n-00021e90: 2069 7320 7072 6573 7365 6420 696e 2074 is pressed in t\n-00021ea0: 6865 2065 6469 746f 722c 2069 7420 6162 he editor, it ab\n-00021eb0: 6f72 7473 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2063 6861 orts all the cha\n-00021ec0: 6e67 6573 206d 6164 650a 746f 2074 6865 nges made.to the\n-00021ed0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 configuration e\n-00021ee0: 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 ntry and returns\n-00021ef0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 696e 206d 656e to the main men\n-00021f00: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 u interface... \n-00021f10: 2045 6163 6820 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 7468 Each line in th\n-00021f20: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 616e e menu entry can\n-00021f30: 2062 6520 6564 6974 6564 2066 7265 656c be edited freel\n-00021f40: 792c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2061 y, and you can a\n-00021f50: 6464 206e 6577 0a6c 696e 6573 2062 7920 dd new.lines by \n-00021f60: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 5245 543e 2061 pressing a\n-00021f70: 7420 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2061 206c t the end of a l\n-00021f80: 696e 652e 2020 546f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 ine. To boot th\n-00021f90: 6520 6564 6974 6564 2065 6e74 7279 2c0a e edited entry,.\n-00021fa0: 7072 6573 7320 3c43 7472 6c2d 783e 2e0a press ..\n-00021fb0: 0a20 2020 416c 7468 6f75 6768 2047 5255 . Although GRU\n-00021fc0: 4220 756e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 7920 B unfortunately \n-00021fd0: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2073 7570 706f 7274 does not support\n-00021fe0: 20e2 809c 756e 646f e280 9d2c 2079 6f75 ...undo..., you\n-00021ff0: 2063 616e 2064 6f0a 616c 6d6f 7374 2074 can do.almost t\n-00022000: 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 696e 6720 6279 he same thing by\n-00022010: 206a 7573 7420 7265 7475 726e 696e 6720 just returning \n-00022020: 746f 2074 6865 206d 6169 6e20 6d65 6e75 to the main menu\n-00022030: 2075 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2e0a 0a1f using ....\n-00022040: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00022050: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e , Node: Environ\n-00022060: 6d65 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 6f64 ment, Next: Mod\n-00022070: 756c 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e74 ules, Prev: Int\n-00022080: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 erface, Up: Top\n-00022090: 0a0a 3135 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f ..15 GRUB enviro\n-000220a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00021990: 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 ..The menu inter\n+000219a0: 6661 6365 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 6561 face is quite ea\n+000219b0: 7379 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 4974 7320 sy to use. Its \n+000219c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2062 6f74 commands are bot\n+000219d0: 680a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c79 2069 6e74 h.reasonably int\n+000219e0: 7569 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2064 6573 6372 uitive and descr\n+000219f0: 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2e0a ibed on screen..\n+00021a00: 0a20 2020 4261 7369 6361 6c6c 792c 2074 . Basically, t\n+00021a10: 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 he menu interfac\n+00021a20: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 206c 6973 e provides a lis\n+00021a30: 7420 6f66 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 t of ...boot ent\n+00021a40: 7269 6573 e280 9d20 746f 0a74 6865 2075 ries... to.the u\n+00021a50: 7365 7220 746f 2063 686f 6f73 6520 6672 ser to choose fr\n+00021a60: 6f6d 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6865 2061 7272 om. Use the arr\n+00021a70: 6f77 206b 6579 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 ow keys to selec\n+00021a80: 7420 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6f66 0a63 t the entry of.c\n+00021a90: 686f 6963 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7072 6573 hoice, then pres\n+00021aa0: 7320 3c52 4554 3e20 746f 2072 756e 2069 s to run i\n+00021ab0: 742e 2020 416e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 t. An optional \n+00021ac0: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6973 2061 7661 696c timeout is avail\n+00021ad0: 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 able to.boot the\n+00021ae0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2028 default entry (\n+00021af0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6f6e 6520 6966 the first one if\n+00021b00: 206e 6f74 2073 6574 292c 2077 6869 6368 not set), which\n+00021b10: 2069 7320 6162 6f72 7465 6420 6279 0a70 is aborted by.p\n+00021b20: 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e 7920 6b65 792e ressing any key.\n+00021b30: 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 .. Commands ar\n+00021b40: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 e available to e\n+00021b50: 6e74 6572 2061 2062 6172 6520 636f 6d6d nter a bare comm\n+00021b60: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2062 7920 7072 6573 and-line by pres\n+00021b70: 7369 6e67 203c 633e 0a28 7768 6963 6820 sing .(which \n+00021b80: 6f70 6572 6174 6573 2065 7861 6374 6c79 operates exactly\n+00021b90: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d 636f like the non-co\n+00021ba0: 6e66 6967 2d66 696c 6520 7665 7273 696f nfig-file versio\n+00021bb0: 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 0a61 n of GRUB, but.a\n+00021bc0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 6f6e 6520 746f 2072 6574 llows one to ret\n+00021bd0: 7572 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 urn to the menu \n+00021be0: 6966 2064 6573 6972 6564 2062 7920 7072 if desired by pr\n+00021bf0: 6573 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2920 6f72 essing ) or\n+00021c00: 2074 6f0a 6564 6974 2061 6e79 206f 6620 to.edit any of \n+00021c10: 7468 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 the ...boot entr\n+00021c20: 6965 73e2 809d 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 ies... by pressi\n+00021c30: 6e67 203c 653e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 ng ... 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to.enter the\n+00021cd0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e 0a0a 2020 2050 password... 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If the\n-000228d0: 2042 494f 534e 554d 0a76 6172 6961 626c BIOSNUM.variabl\n-000228e0: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206f 7665 e is set, it ove\n-000228f0: 7272 6964 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 6f77 rrides GRUB's ow\n-00022900: 6e20 6d65 616e 7320 6f66 2067 7565 7373 n means of guess\n-00022910: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f ing this... Fo\n-00022920: 7220 616e 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 r an alternative\n-00022930: 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 7768 6963 6820 approach which \n-00022940: 616c 736f 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2042 494f also changes BIO\n-00022950: 5320 6472 6976 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6773 S drive mappings\n-00022960: 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6861 696e 2d6c .for the chain-l\n-00022970: 6f61 6465 6420 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2a6e oaded system, *n\n-00022980: 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 2e0a ote drivemap::..\n-00022990: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000229a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6865 636b fo, Node: check\n-000229b0: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 _signatures, Ne\n-000229c0: 7874 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 2050 7265 xt: chosen, Pre\n-000229d0: 763a 2062 696f 736e 756d 2c20 2055 703a v: biosnum, Up:\n-000229e0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-000229f0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00022a00: 3135 2e31 2e32 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 15.1.2 check_sig\n-00022a10: 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d natures.--------\n-00022a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00022a30: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 .This variable c\n-00022a40: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7768 6574 6865 7220 ontrols whether \n-00022a50: 4752 5542 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 7320 6469 GRUB enforces di\n-00022a60: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a gital signature.\n-00022a70: 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 6c6f validation on lo\n-00022a80: 6164 6564 2066 696c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f aded files. *No\n-00022a90: 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c te Using digital\n-00022aa0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2e 0a0a signatures::...\n-00022ab0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00022ac0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6f73 656e o, Node: chosen\n-00022ad0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 , Next: cmdpath\n-00022ae0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 , Prev: check_s\n-00022af0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ignatures, Up: \n-00022b00: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00022b10: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00022b20: 352e 312e 3320 6368 6f73 656e 0a2d 2d2d 5.1.3 chosen.---\n-00022b30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5768 656e ----------..When\n-00022b40: 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2061 206d 656e executing a men\n-00022b50: 7520 656e 7472 792c 2047 5255 4220 7365 u entry, GRUB se\n-00022b60: 7473 2074 6865 2043 484f 5345 4e20 7661 ts the CHOSEN va\n-00022b70: 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7469 riable to the ti\n-00022b80: 746c 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7279 tle.of the entry\n-00022b90: 2062 6569 6e67 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e being executed.\n-00022ba0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 .. If the menu\n-00022bb0: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 206f 6e65 entry is in one\n-00022bc0: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 or more submenu\n-00022bd0: 732c 2074 6865 6e20 4348 4f53 454e 2069 s, then CHOSEN i\n-00022be0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a74 6865 2074 6974 s set to.the tit\n-00022bf0: 6c65 7320 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 les of each of t\n-00022c00: 6865 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 he submenus star\n-00022c10: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f ting from the to\n-00022c20: 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 p level followed\n-00022c30: 0a62 7920 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 6f66 .by the title of\n-00022c40: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 the menu entry \n-00022c50: 6974 7365 6c66 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 itself, separate\n-00022c60: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2e0a 0a1f d by ...>.......\n-00022c70: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00022c80: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 , Node: cmdpath\n-00022c90: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 , Next: color_h\n-00022ca0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a ighlight, Prev:\n-00022cb0: 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 chosen, Up: Sp\n-00022cc0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00022cd0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00022ce0: 312e 3420 636d 6470 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 1.4 cmdpath.----\n-00022cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 ----------..The \n-00022d00: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7768 location from wh\n-00022d10: 6963 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 ich ...core.img.\n-00022d20: 8099 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6173 .. was loaded as\n-00022d30: 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2064 6972 an absolute dir\n-00022d40: 6563 746f 7279 0a6e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f ectory.name (*no\n-00022d50: 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e te File name syn\n-00022d60: 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 tax::). This is\n-00022d70: 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 set by GRUB at \n-00022d80: 7374 6172 7475 7020 6261 7365 640a 6f6e startup based.on\n-00022d90: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 information ret\n-00022da0: 7572 6e65 6420 6279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 urned by platfor\n-00022db0: 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 204e 6f74 m firmware. Not\n-00022dc0: 2065 7665 7279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a every platform.\n-00022dd0: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2074 6869 7320 696e provides this in\n-00022de0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 736f formation and so\n-00022df0: 6d65 206d 6179 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6f6e me may return on\n-00022e00: 6c79 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 6f75 ly device withou\n-00022e10: 7420 7061 7468 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 1f0a t path.name.....\n-00022e20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00022e30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 Node: color_hi\n-00022e40: 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ghlight, Next: \n-00022e50: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 color_normal, P\n-00022e60: 7265 763a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2055 rev: cmdpath, U\n-00022e70: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00022e80: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00022e90: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e35 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 ..15.1.5 color_h\n-00022ea0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ighlight.-------\n-00022eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00022ec0: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 .This variable c\n-00022ed0: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 2268 6967 ontains the \"hig\n-00022ee0: 686c 6967 6874 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 hlight\" foregrou\n-00022ef0: 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e nd and backgroun\n-00022f00: 640a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2063 6f6c 6f72 d.terminal color\n-00022f10: 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 s, separated by \n-00022f20: 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 a slash (.../...\n-00022f30: 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 ). Setting this\n-00022f40: 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 6368 616e 6765 variable.change\n-00022f50: 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 s those colors. \n-00022f60: 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 For the availab\n-00022f70: 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c20 le color names, \n-00022f80: 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d *note.color_norm\n-00022f90: 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 al::... The de\n-00022fa0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 626c 6163 fault is ...blac\n-00022fb0: 6b2f 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 e280 992e k/light-gray....\n-00022fc0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00022fd0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f nfo, Node: colo\n-00022fe0: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a r_normal, Next:\n-00022ff0: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 config_director\n-00023000: 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f y, Prev: color_\n-00023010: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 highlight, Up: \n-00023020: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00023030: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00023040: 352e 312e 3620 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 5.1.6 color_norm\n-00023050: 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al.-------------\n-00023060: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n-00023070: 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 iable contains t\n-00023080: 6865 2022 6e6f 726d 616c 2220 666f 7265 he \"normal\" fore\n-00023090: 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 ground and backg\n-000230a0: 726f 756e 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a63 round terminal.c\n-000230b0: 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 olors, separated\n-000230c0: 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 by a slash (...\n-000230d0: 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 /...). Setting \n-000230e0: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 this variable ch\n-000230f0: 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 650a 636f 6c6f anges those.colo\n-00023100: 7273 2e20 2045 6163 6820 636f 6c6f 7220 rs. Each color \n-00023110: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 6e61 6d65 2066 must be a name f\n-00023120: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e rom the followin\n-00023130: 6720 6c69 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 g list:.. ... \n-00023140: 626c 6163 6b0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6c75 black. ... blu\n-00023150: 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 2067 7265 656e 0a20 e. ... green. \n-00023160: 2020 e280 a220 6379 616e 0a20 2020 e280 ... cyan. ..\n-00023170: a220 7265 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6167 . red. ... mag\n-00023180: 656e 7461 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6272 6f77 enta. ... brow\n-00023190: 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d67 n. ... light-g\n-000231a0: 7261 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 2064 6172 6b2d ray. ... dark-\n-000231b0: 6772 6179 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 gray. ... ligh\n-000231c0: 742d 626c 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 t-blue. ... li\n-000231d0: 6768 742d 6772 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ght-green. ...\n-000231e0: 206c 6967 6874 2d63 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 light-cyan. .\n-000231f0: 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d72 6564 0a20 2020 .. light-red. \n-00023200: e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6d61 6765 6e74 ... light-magent\n-00023210: 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 2079 656c 6c6f 770a a. ... yellow.\n-00023220: 2020 20e2 80a2 2077 6869 7465 0a0a 2020 ... white.. \n-00023230: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n-00023240: e280 986c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 792f 626c ...light-gray/bl\n-00023250: 6163 6be2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 ack...... The \n-00023260: 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7375 color support su\n-00023270: 7070 6f72 7420 7661 7269 6573 2066 726f pport varies fro\n-00023280: 6d20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 6f20 7465 m terminal to te\n-00023290: 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 986d rminal... ...m\n-000232a0: 6f72 7365 e280 9920 6861 7320 6e6f 2063 orse... has no c\n-000232b0: 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 7420 olor support at \n-000232c0: 616c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f all... ...mda_\n-000232d0: 7465 7874 e280 9920 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 text... color su\n-000232e0: 7070 6f72 7420 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 pport is limited\n-000232f0: 2074 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 to highlighting\n-00023300: 2062 7920 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 650a by black/white.\n-00023310: 7265 7665 7273 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 reversal... ..\n-00023320: 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2041 .console... on A\n-00023330: 5243 2c20 454d 5520 616e 6420 4945 4545 RC, EMU and IEEE\n-00023340: 3132 3735 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6c5f 1275, ...serial_\n-00023350: 2ae2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d *... and ...spkm\n-00023360: 6f64 656d e280 9920 6172 650a 676f 7665 odem... are.gove\n-00023370: 726e 6564 2062 7920 7465 726d 696e 666f rned by terminfo\n-00023380: 2061 6e64 2073 7570 706f 7274 206f 6e6c and support onl\n-00023390: 7920 3820 636f 6c6f 7273 2069 6620 696e y 8 colors if in\n-000233a0: 206d 6f64 6573 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d modes ...vt100-\n-000233b0: 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 0a28 6465 6661 756c color....(defaul\n-000233c0: 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e t for console on\n-000233d0: 2065 6d75 292c 20e2 8098 6172 63e2 8099 emu), ...arc...\n-000233e0: 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f (default for co\n-000233f0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2041 5243 292c 0ae2 nsole on ARC),..\n-00023400: 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 9920 2864 ..ieee1275... (d\n-00023410: 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f efault for conso\n-00023420: 6c65 206f 6e20 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e le on IEEE1275).\n-00023430: 2020 5768 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 When in mode .\n-00023440: 8098 7674 3130 30e2 8099 2074 6865 6e0a ..vt100... then.\n-00023450: 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 the color suppor\n-00023460: 7420 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 t is limited to \n-00023470: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 highlighting by \n-00023480: 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 6520 7265 7665 black/white reve\n-00023490: 7273 616c 2e0a 5768 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f rsal..When in mo\n-000234a0: 6465 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 9920 7468 de ...dumb... th\n-000234b0: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 ere is no color \n-000234c0: 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 support... Whe\n-000234d0: 6e20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 6f72 n console suppor\n-000234e0: 7473 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6869 ts no colors thi\n-000234f0: 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 6973 2069 676e s setting is ign\n-00023500: 6f72 6564 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a 636f 6e73 ored. When.cons\n-00023510: 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2038 2063 ole supports 8 c\n-00023520: 6f6c 6f72 732c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 olors, then the \n-00023530: 636f 6c6f 7273 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 colors from the \n-00023540: 7365 636f 6e64 2068 616c 6620 6f66 2074 second half of t\n-00023550: 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6c69 7374 he.previous list\n-00023560: 2061 7265 206d 6170 7065 6420 746f 2074 are mapped to t\n-00023570: 6865 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 636f 6c6f he matching colo\n-00023580: 7273 206f 6620 6669 7273 7420 6861 6c66 rs of first half\n-00023590: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 ... ...console\n-000235a0: e280 9920 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 2042 ... on EFI and B\n-000235b0: 494f 5320 616e 6420 e280 9876 6761 5f74 IOS and ...vga_t\n-000235c0: 6578 74e2 8099 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 ext... support a\n-000235d0: 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a20 ll 16 colors... \n-000235e0: 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 ...gfxterm... \n-000235f0: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 supports all 16 \n-00023600: 636f 6c6f 7273 2061 6e64 2077 6f75 6c64 colors and would\n-00023610: 2062 6520 7468 656f 7265 7469 6361 6c6c be theoreticall\n-00023620: 790a 6578 7465 6e64 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 y.extendable to \n-00023630: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7768 6f6c 6520 7267 support whole rg\n-00023640: 6232 3420 7061 6c65 7474 6520 6275 7420 b24 palette but \n-00023650: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 currently there \n-00023660: 6973 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 656c 6c69 6e67 is no.compelling\n-00023670: 2072 6561 736f 6e20 746f 2067 6f20 6265 reason to go be\n-00023680: 796f 6e64 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 yond the current\n-00023690: 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 16 colors.....F\n-000236a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000236b0: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 Node: config_di\n-000236c0: 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 rectory, Next: \n-000236d0: 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5072 config_file, Pr\n-000236e0: 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c ev: color_normal\n-000236f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00023700: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00023710: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e37 2063 6f6e bles..15.1.7 con\n-00023720: 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2d2d fig_directory.--\n+000223a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 2076 6172 =====..These var\n+000223b0: 6961 626c 6573 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 iables have spec\n+000223c0: 6961 6c20 6d65 616e 696e 6720 746f 2047 ial meaning to G\n+000223d0: 5255 422e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a RUB...* Menu:..*\n+000223e0: 2062 696f 736e 756d 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6865 biosnum::.* che\n+000223f0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a0a ck_signatures::.\n+00022400: 2a20 6368 6f73 656e 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6d64 * chosen::.* cmd\n+00022410: 7061 7468 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 path::.* color_h\n+00022420: 6967 686c 6967 6874 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6c ighlight::.* col\n+00022430: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 636f or_normal::.* co\n+00022440: 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3a3a nfig_directory::\n+00022450: 0a2a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 3a3a .* config_file::\n+00022460: 0a2a 2064 6562 7567 3a3a 0a2a 2064 6566 .* debug::.* def\n+00022470: 6175 6c74 3a3a 0a2a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 ault::.* fallbac\n+00022480: 6b3a 3a0a 2a20 6766 786d 6f64 653a 3a0a k::.* gfxmode::.\n+00022490: 2a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 3a3a 0a2a * gfxpayload::.*\n+000224a0: 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 743a 3a0a gfxterm_font::.\n+000224b0: 2a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 3a3a 0a2a 2067 * grub_cpu::.* g\n+000224c0: 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 3a3a 0a2a rub_platform::.*\n+000224d0: 2069 636f 6e64 6972 3a3a 0a2a 206c 616e icondir::.* lan\n+000224e0: 673a 3a0a 2a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 g::.* locale_dir\n+000224f0: 3a3a 0a2a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a0a ::.* lockdown::.\n+00022500: 2a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 * menu_color_hig\n+00022510: 686c 6967 6874 3a3a 0a2a 206d 656e 755f hlight::.* 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3a0a 2a20 7368 696d .* root::.* shim\n+00022730: 5f6c 6f63 6b3a 3a0a 2a20 7375 7065 7275 _lock::.* superu\n+00022740: 7365 7273 3a3a 0a2a 2074 6865 6d65 3a3a sers::.* theme::\n+00022750: 0a2a 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 0a2a 2074 .* timeout::.* t\n+00022760: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 0a2a imeout_style::.*\n+00022770: 2074 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c3a tpm_fail_fatal:\n+00022780: 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e :....File: grub.\n+00022790: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 696f info, Node: bio\n+000227a0: 736e 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6865 snum, Next: che\n+000227b0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 ck_signatures, \n+000227c0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+000227d0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+000227e0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3120 6269 6f73 6e75 s..15.1.1 biosnu\n+000227f0: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n+00022800: 0a0a 5768 656e 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 ..When chain-loa\n+00022810: 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f ding another boo\n+00022820: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 t loader (*note \n+00022830: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 Chain-loading::)\n+00022840: 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a6e 6565 6420 , GRUB may.need \n+00022850: 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 7768 6174 2042 494f to know what BIO\n+00022860: 5320 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2063 S drive number c\n+00022870: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7468 orresponds to th\n+00022880: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 650a 282a e root device.(*\n+00022890: 6e6f 7465 2072 6f6f 743a 3a29 2073 6f20 note root::) so \n+000228a0: 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7365 7420 that it can set \n+000228b0: 7570 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 2070 726f up registers pro\n+000228c0: 7065 726c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2042 perly. If the B\n+000228d0: 494f 534e 554d 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6520 IOSNUM.variable \n+000228e0: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206f 7665 7272 is set, it overr\n+000228f0: 6964 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 6f77 6e20 ides GRUB's own \n+00022900: 6d65 616e 7320 6f66 2067 7565 7373 696e means of guessin\n+00022910: 6720 7468 6973 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 g this... For \n+00022920: 616e 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2061 an alternative a\n+00022930: 7070 726f 6163 6820 7768 6963 6820 616c pproach which al\n+00022940: 736f 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2042 494f 5320 so changes BIOS \n+00022950: 6472 6976 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6773 0a66 drive mappings.f\n+00022960: 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 or the chain-loa\n+00022970: 6465 6420 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2a6e 6f74 ded system, *not\n+00022980: 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f e drivemap::....\n+00022990: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000229a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 , Node: check_s\n+000229b0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 ignatures, Next\n+000229c0: 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 2050 7265 763a : chosen, Prev:\n+000229d0: 2062 696f 736e 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 biosnum, Up: S\n+000229e0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+000229f0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00022a00: 2e31 2e32 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 .1.2 check_signa\n+00022a10: 7475 7265 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tures.----------\n+00022a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n+00022a30: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e his variable con\n+00022a40: 7472 6f6c 7320 7768 6574 6865 7220 4752 trols whether GR\n+00022a50: 5542 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 7320 6469 6769 UB enforces digi\n+00022a60: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 7661 tal signature.va\n+00022a70: 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 6c6f 6164 lidation on load\n+00022a80: 6564 2066 696c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 ed files. *Note\n+00022a90: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+00022aa0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a ignatures::.....\n+00022ab0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00022ac0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 Node: chosen, \n+00022ad0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 Next: cmdpath, \n+00022ae0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 Prev: check_sig\n+00022af0: 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 natures, Up: Sp\n+00022b00: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00022b10: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00022b20: 312e 3320 6368 6f73 656e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 1.3 chosen.-----\n+00022b30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5768 656e 2065 --------..When e\n+00022b40: 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2061 206d 656e 7520 xecuting a menu \n+00022b50: 656e 7472 792c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 entry, GRUB sets\n+00022b60: 2074 6865 2043 484f 5345 4e20 7661 7269 the CHOSEN vari\n+00022b70: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7469 746c able to the titl\n+00022b80: 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2062 e.of the entry b\n+00022b90: 6569 6e67 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 0a0a eing executed...\n+00022ba0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 If the menu e\n+00022bb0: 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 206f 6e65 206f ntry is in one o\n+00022bc0: 7220 6d6f 7265 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 732c r more submenus,\n+00022bd0: 2074 6865 6e20 4348 4f53 454e 2069 7320 then CHOSEN is \n+00022be0: 7365 7420 746f 0a74 6865 2074 6974 6c65 set to.the title\n+00022bf0: 7320 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 s of each of the\n+00022c00: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 7469 submenus starti\n+00022c10: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f 7020 ng from the top \n+00022c20: 6c65 7665 6c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 0a62 level followed.b\n+00022c30: 7920 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 6f66 2074 y the title of t\n+00022c40: 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6974 he menu entry it\n+00022c50: 7365 6c66 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 self, separated \n+00022c60: 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 by ...>........F\n+00022c70: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00022c80: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 Node: cmdpath, \n+00022c90: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 Next: color_hig\n+00022ca0: 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 hlight, Prev: c\n+00022cb0: 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 hosen, Up: Spec\n+00022cc0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00022cd0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00022ce0: 3420 636d 6470 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 cmdpath.------\n+00022cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f --------..The lo\n+00022d00: 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6963 cation from whic\n+00022d10: 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 h ...core.img...\n+00022d20: 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6173 2061 was loaded as a\n+00022d30: 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2064 6972 6563 n absolute direc\n+00022d40: 746f 7279 0a6e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 tory.name (*note\n+00022d50: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n+00022d60: 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2073 x::). This is s\n+00022d70: 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 et by GRUB at st\n+00022d80: 6172 7475 7020 6261 7365 640a 6f6e 2069 artup based.on i\n+00022d90: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7572 nformation retur\n+00022da0: 6e65 6420 6279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 ned by platform \n+00022db0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 204e 6f74 2065 firmware. Not e\n+00022dc0: 7665 7279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 7072 very platform.pr\n+00022dd0: 6f76 6964 6573 2074 6869 7320 696e 666f ovides this info\n+00022de0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 736f 6d65 rmation and some\n+00022df0: 206d 6179 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6f6e 6c79 may return only\n+00022e00: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 6f75 7420 device without \n+00022e10: 7061 7468 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 path.name.....Fi\n+00022e20: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00022e30: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 Node: color_high\n+00022e40: 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f light, Next: co\n+00022e50: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 lor_normal, Pre\n+00022e60: 763a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a v: cmdpath, Up:\n+00022e70: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00022e80: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00022e90: 3135 2e31 2e35 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 15.1.5 color_hig\n+00022ea0: 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hlight.---------\n+00022eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n+00022ec0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e his variable con\n+00022ed0: 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 2268 6967 686c tains the \"highl\n+00022ee0: 6967 6874 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 ight\" foreground\n+00022ef0: 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a and background.\n+00022f00: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c terminal colors,\n+00022f10: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 separated by a \n+00022f20: 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e slash (.../...).\n+00022f30: 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 Setting this v\n+00022f40: 6172 6961 626c 650a 6368 616e 6765 7320 ariable.changes \n+00022f50: 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 those colors. F\n+00022f60: 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 or the available\n+00022f70: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c20 2a6e color names, *n\n+00022f80: 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c ote.color_normal\n+00022f90: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ::... The defa\n+00022fa0: 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 626c 6163 6b2f ult is ...black/\n+00022fb0: 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 e280 992e 0a0a light-gray......\n+00022fc0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00022fd0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f o, Node: color_\n+00022fe0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 normal, Next: c\n+00022ff0: 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c onfig_directory,\n+00023000: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 Prev: color_hi\n+00023010: 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ghlight, Up: Sp\n+00023020: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00023030: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00023040: 312e 3620 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 1.6 color_normal\n+00023050: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00023060: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n+00023070: 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 ble contains the\n+00023080: 2022 6e6f 726d 616c 2220 666f 7265 6772 \"normal\" foregr\n+00023090: 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f ound and backgro\n+000230a0: 756e 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a63 6f6c und terminal.col\n+000230b0: 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ors, separated b\n+000230c0: 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 y a slash (.../.\n+000230d0: 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 ..). Setting th\n+000230e0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e is variable chan\n+000230f0: 6765 7320 7468 6f73 650a 636f 6c6f 7273 ges those.colors\n+00023100: 2e20 2045 6163 6820 636f 6c6f 7220 6d75 . Each color mu\n+00023110: 7374 2062 6520 6120 6e61 6d65 2066 726f st be a name fro\n+00023120: 6d20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 m the following \n+00023130: 6c69 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626c list:.. ... bl\n+00023140: 6163 6b0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6c75 650a ack. ... blue.\n+00023150: 2020 20e2 80a2 2067 7265 656e 0a20 2020 ... green. \n+00023160: e280 a220 6379 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ... cyan. ... \n+00023170: 7265 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6167 656e red. ... magen\n+00023180: 7461 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6272 6f77 6e0a ta. ... brown.\n+00023190: 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 ... light-gra\n+000231a0: 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 2064 6172 6b2d 6772 y. ... dark-gr\n+000231b0: 6179 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d ay. ... light-\n+000231c0: 626c 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 blue. ... ligh\n+000231d0: 742d 6772 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c t-green. ... l\n+000231e0: 6967 6874 2d63 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ight-cyan. ...\n+000231f0: 206c 6967 6874 2d72 6564 0a20 2020 e280 light-red. ..\n+00023200: a220 6c69 6768 742d 6d61 6765 6e74 610a . light-magenta.\n+00023210: 2020 20e2 80a2 2079 656c 6c6f 770a 2020 ... yellow. \n+00023220: 20e2 80a2 2077 6869 7465 0a0a 2020 2054 ... white.. T\n+00023230: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 he default is ..\n+00023240: 986c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 792f 626c 6163 .light-gray/blac\n+00023250: 6be2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f k...... The co\n+00023260: 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7375 7070 lor support supp\n+00023270: 6f72 7420 7661 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 ort varies from \n+00023280: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 6f20 7465 726d terminal to term\n+00023290: 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 986d 6f72 inal... ...mor\n+000232a0: 7365 e280 9920 6861 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c se... has no col\n+000232b0: 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 7420 616c or support at al\n+000232c0: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 l... ...mda_te\n+000232d0: 7874 e280 9920 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 xt... color supp\n+000232e0: 6f72 7420 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 ort is limited t\n+000232f0: 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 2062 o highlighting b\n+00023300: 7920 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 650a 7265 y black/white.re\n+00023310: 7665 7273 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 versal... ...c\n+00023320: 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2041 5243 onsole... on ARC\n+00023330: 2c20 454d 5520 616e 6420 4945 4545 3132 , EMU and IEEE12\n+00023340: 3735 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6c5f 2ae2 75, ...serial_*.\n+00023350: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 .. and ...spkmod\n+00023360: 656d e280 9920 6172 650a 676f 7665 726e em... are.govern\n+00023370: 6564 2062 7920 7465 726d 696e 666f 2061 ed by terminfo a\n+00023380: 6e64 2073 7570 706f 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 nd support only \n+00023390: 3820 636f 6c6f 7273 2069 6620 696e 206d 8 colors if in m\n+000233a0: 6f64 6573 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f odes ...vt100-co\n+000233b0: 6c6f 72e2 8099 0a28 6465 6661 756c 7420 lor....(default \n+000233c0: 666f 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2065 for console on e\n+000233d0: 6d75 292c 20e2 8098 6172 63e2 8099 2028 mu), ...arc... (\n+000233e0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 default for cons\n+000233f0: 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2041 5243 292c 0ae2 8098 ole on ARC),....\n+00023400: 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 9920 2864 6566 ieee1275... (def\n+00023410: 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 ault for console\n+00023420: 206f 6e20 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e 2020 on IEEE1275). \n+00023430: 5768 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 When in mode ...\n+00023440: 7674 3130 30e2 8099 2074 6865 6e0a 7468 vt100... then.th\n+00023450: 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 e color support \n+00023460: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 is limited to hi\n+00023470: 6768 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c ghlighting by bl\n+00023480: 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 6520 7265 7665 7273 ack/white revers\n+00023490: 616c 2e0a 5768 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 al..When in mode\n+000234a0: 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 9920 7468 6572 ...dumb... ther\n+000234b0: 6520 6973 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 e is no color su\n+000234c0: 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 pport... When \n+000234d0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 console supports\n+000234e0: 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6869 7320 no colors this \n+000234f0: 7365 7474 696e 6720 6973 2069 676e 6f72 setting is ignor\n+00023500: 6564 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a 636f 6e73 6f6c ed. When.consol\n+00023510: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2038 2063 6f6c e supports 8 col\n+00023520: 6f72 732c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 636f ors, then the co\n+00023530: 6c6f 7273 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7365 lors from the se\n+00023540: 636f 6e64 2068 616c 6620 6f66 2074 6865 cond half of the\n+00023550: 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6c69 7374 2061 .previous list a\n+00023560: 7265 206d 6170 7065 6420 746f 2074 6865 re mapped to the\n+00023570: 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 matching colors\n+00023580: 206f 6620 6669 7273 7420 6861 6c66 2e0a of first half..\n+00023590: 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 . ...console..\n+000235a0: 9920 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 2042 494f . on EFI and BIO\n+000235b0: 5320 616e 6420 e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 S and ...vga_tex\n+000235c0: 74e2 8099 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c t... support all\n+000235d0: 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 16 colors... \n+000235e0: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 7375 ...gfxterm... su\n+000235f0: 7070 6f72 7473 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f pports all 16 co\n+00023600: 6c6f 7273 2061 6e64 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 lors and would b\n+00023610: 6520 7468 656f 7265 7469 6361 6c6c 790a e theoretically.\n+00023620: 6578 7465 6e64 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 extendable to su\n+00023630: 7070 6f72 7420 7768 6f6c 6520 7267 6232 pport whole rgb2\n+00023640: 3420 7061 6c65 7474 6520 6275 7420 6375 4 palette but cu\n+00023650: 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 rrently there is\n+00023660: 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 656c 6c69 6e67 2072 no.compelling r\n+00023670: 6561 736f 6e20 746f 2067 6f20 6265 796f eason to go beyo\n+00023680: 6e64 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2031 nd the current 1\n+00023690: 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 6 colors.....Fil\n+000236a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000236b0: 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 ode: config_dire\n+000236c0: 6374 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f ctory, Next: co\n+000236d0: 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 nfig_file, Prev\n+000236e0: 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 : color_normal, \n+000236f0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00023700: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00023710: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e37 2063 6f6e 6669 es..15.1.7 confi\n+00023720: 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2d2d 2d2d g_directory.----\n 00023730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00023740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n-00023750: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6175 746f 6d61 7469 able is automati\n-00023760: 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 cally set by GRU\n-00023770: 4220 746f 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f B to the directo\n-00023780: 7279 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a63 7572 7265 ry part of.curre\n-00023790: 6e74 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e nt configuration\n-000237a0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 file name (*not\n-000237b0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 e config_file::)\n-000237c0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000237d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e info, Node: con\n-000237e0: 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a fig_file, Next:\n-000237f0: 2064 6562 7567 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 debug, Prev: c\n-00023800: 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c onfig_directory,\n-00023810: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00023820: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00023830: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3820 636f 6e66 les..15.1.8 conf\n-00023840: 6967 5f66 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ig_file.--------\n-00023850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n-00023860: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 variable is aut\n-00023870: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 omatically set b\n-00023880: 7920 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e61 y GRUB to the na\n-00023890: 6d65 206f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 me of configurat\n-000238a0: 696f 6e0a 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 6973 ion.file that is\n-000238b0: 2062 6569 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 being processed\n-000238c0: 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 by commands ...\n-000238d0: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a configfile... (*\n-000238e0: 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a note.configfile:\n-000238f0: 3a29 206f 7220 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 :) or ...normal.\n-00023900: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c .. (*note normal\n-00023910: 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7265 7374 ::). It is rest\n-00023920: 6f72 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 7072 6576 ored to the.prev\n-00023930: 696f 7573 2076 616c 7565 2077 6865 6e20 ious value when \n-00023940: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 command complete\n-00023950: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00023960: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 .info, Node: de\n-00023970: 6275 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 6661 bug, Next: defa\n-00023980: 756c 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 ult, Prev: conf\n-00023990: 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ig_file, Up: Sp\n-000239a0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-000239b0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-000239c0: 312e 3920 6465 6275 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1.9 debug.------\n-000239d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n-000239e0: 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 iable may be set\n-000239f0: 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2064 6562 7567 to enable debug\n-00023a00: 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d ging output from\n-00023a10: 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 various.compone\n-00023a20: 6e74 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2054 6865 nts of GRUB. The\n-00023a30: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 616e 206f 7264 value is an ord\n-00023a40: 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 6562 ered list of deb\n-00023a50: 7567 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 ug facility name\n-00023a60: 730a 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 s.separated by w\n-00023a70: 6869 7465 7370 6163 6520 6f72 20e2 8098 hitespace or ...\n-00023a80: 2ce2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7370 ,.... If the sp\n-00023a90: 6563 6961 6c20 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e ecial facility n\n-00023aa0: 616d 6564 20e2 8098 616c 6ce2 8099 2069 amed ...all... i\n-00023ab0: 730a 7072 6573 656e 7420 7468 656e 2064 s.present then d\n-00023ac0: 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 7420 ebugging output \n-00023ad0: 6f66 2061 6c6c 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 of all facility \n-00023ae0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 names is enabled\n-00023af0: 2061 7420 7468 650a 7374 6172 7420 6f66 at the.start of\n-00023b00: 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 processing the \n-00023b10: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7661 value of this va\n-00023b20: 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 2041 2066 6163 696c riable. A facil\n-00023b30: 6974 7927 7320 6465 6275 670a 6f75 7470 ity's debug.outp\n-00023b40: 7574 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2064 ut can then be d\n-00023b50: 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2070 7265 6669 isabled by prefi\n-00023b60: 7869 6e67 2069 7473 206e 616d 6520 7769 xing its name wi\n-00023b70: 7468 2061 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 th a ...-.... T\n-00023b80: 6865 206c 6173 740a 6f63 6375 7265 6e63 he last.occurenc\n-00023b90: 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6520 e facility name \n-00023ba0: 7769 7468 206f 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 with or without \n-00023bb0: 6120 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 982d e280 a leading ...-..\n-00023bc0: 9920 7461 6b65 7320 7072 6563 656e 6465 . takes precende\n-00023bd0: 6e74 0a6f 7665 7220 616e 7920 7072 6576 nt.over any prev\n-00023be0: 696f 7573 206f 6363 7572 656e 6365 2e20 ious occurence. \n-00023bf0: 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 This allows the\n-00023c00: 2065 6173 7920 656e 6162 6c69 6e67 206f easy enabling o\n-00023c10: 7220 6469 7361 626c 696e 670a 6f66 2066 r disabling.of f\n-00023c20: 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 6279 2061 7070 acilities by app\n-00023c30: 656e 6469 6e67 2061 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 ending a ...,...\n-00023c40: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6661 and then the fa\n-00023c50: 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 cility name with\n-00023c60: 206f 720a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 or.without the \n-00023c70: 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 982d e280 992c leading ...-...,\n-00023c80: 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6573 which will pres\n-00023c90: 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 7461 7465 206f erve the state o\n-00023ca0: 6620 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f 660a 7468 f the rest of.th\n-00023cb0: 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 2e20 2054 e facilities. T\n-00023cc0: 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 he facility name\n-00023cd0: 7320 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 s are the first \n-00023ce0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 6f0a 6772 7562 argument to.grub\n-00023cf0: 5f64 7072 696e 7466 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 _dprintf. Consu\n-00023d00: 6c74 2074 6865 2073 6f75 7263 6520 666f lt the source fo\n-00023d10: 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a r more details..\n-00023d20: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00023d30: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6566 6175 fo, Node: defau\n-00023d40: 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c 6c62 lt, Next: fallb\n-00023d50: 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 6275 ack, Prev: debu\n-00023d60: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 g, Up: Special \n-00023d70: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00023d80: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3130 2064 ables..15.1.10 d\n-00023d90: 6566 6175 6c74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d efault.---------\n-00023da0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n-00023db0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n-00023dc0: 2069 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 it identifies a\n-00023dd0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 menu entry that\n-00023de0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 should be.selec\n-00023df0: 7465 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 ted by default, \n-00023e00: 706f 7373 6962 6c79 2061 6674 6572 2061 possibly after a\n-00023e10: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 timeout (*note \n-00023e20: 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 timeout::). 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For\n-00023ea0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 example, if you\n-00023eb0: 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 have:..menuentr\n-00023ec0: 7920 2745 7861 6d70 6c65 2047 4e55 2f4c y 'Example GNU/L\n-00023ed0: 696e 7578 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f inux distributio\n-00023ee0: 6e27 202d 2d63 6c61 7373 2067 6e75 2d6c n' --class gnu-l\n-00023ef0: 696e 7578 202d 2d69 6420 6578 616d 706c inux --id exampl\n-00023f00: 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 7b0a 092e e-gnu-linux {...\n-00023f10: 2e2e 0a7d 0a0a 2020 2074 6865 6e20 796f ...}.. then yo\n-00023f20: 7520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 2074 6869 7320 u can make this \n-00023f30: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7573 696e the default usin\n-00023f40: 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 g:.. default\n-00023f50: 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e =example-gnu-lin\n-00023f60: 7578 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 656e ux.. If the en\n-00023f70: 7472 7920 6973 2069 6e20 6120 7375 626d try is in a subm\n-00023f80: 656e 752c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 206d 7573 enu, then it mus\n-00023f90: 7420 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 t be identified \n-00023fa0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 6e75 6d62 6572 using the.number\n-00023fb0: 2c20 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6964 206f , title, or id o\n-00023fc0: 6620 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 f each of the su\n-00023fd0: 626d 656e 7573 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 bmenus starting \n-00023fe0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6f70 0a6c 6576 from the top.lev\n-00023ff0: 656c 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 el, followed by \n-00024000: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7469 746c the number, titl\n-00024010: 652c 206f 7220 6964 206f 6620 7468 6520 e, or id of the \n-00024020: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7473 656c menu entry itsel\n-00024030: 662c 0a77 6974 6820 6561 6368 2065 6c65 f,.with each ele\n-00024040: 6d65 6e74 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ment separated b\n-00024050: 7920 e280 983e e280 992e 2020 466f 7220 y ...>.... For \n-00024060: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 616b 6520 7468 example, take th\n-00024070: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6d65 6e75 e following.menu\n-00024080: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 structure:.. \n-00024090: 2020 474e 552f 4875 7264 202d 2d69 6420 GNU/Hurd --id \n-000240a0: 676e 752d 6875 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 gnu-hurd. \n-000240b0: 5374 616e 6461 7264 2042 6f6f 7420 2d2d Standard Boot --\n-000240c0: 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 7572 642d 7374 640a id=gnu-hurd-std.\n-000240d0: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6573 6375 6520 7368 Rescue sh\n-000240e0: 656c 6c20 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 7572 ell --id=gnu-hur\n-000240f0: 642d 7265 7363 7565 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 d-rescue. Ot\n-00024100: 6865 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 2d2d her platforms --\n-00024110: 6964 3d6f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 id=other. \n-00024120: 4d69 6e69 7820 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 Minix --id=minix\n-00024130: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f . Versio\n-00024140: 6e20 332e 342e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e n 3.4.0 --id=min\n-00024150: 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ix-3.4.0. \n-00024160: 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 332e 3020 Version 3.3.0 \n-00024170: 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e33 2e30 --id=minix-3.3.0\n-00024180: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2049 6e76 . GRUB Inv\n-00024190: 6164 6572 7320 2d2d 6964 3d67 7275 622d aders --id=grub-\n-000241a0: 696e 7661 6465 7273 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 invaders.. The\n-000241b0: 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6365 6e74 2072 656c more recent rel\n-000241c0: 6561 7365 206f 6620 4d69 6e69 7820 776f ease of Minix wo\n-000241d0: 756c 6420 7468 656e 2062 6520 6964 656e uld then be iden\n-000241e0: 7469 6669 6564 2061 7320 e280 984f 7468 tified as ...Oth\n-000241f0: 6572 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3e4d 696e er.platforms>Min\n-00024200: 6978 3e56 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 ix>Version 3.4.0\n-00024210: e280 992c 206f 7220 6173 20e2 8098 313e ..., or as ...1>\n-00024220: 303e 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 730a e280 0>0..., or as...\n-00024230: 986f 7468 6572 3e6d 696e 6978 3e6d 696e .other>minix>min\n-00024240: 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 ix-3.4.0...... \n-00024250: 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 This variable i\n-00024260: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 s often set by .\n-00024270: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 ..GRUB_DEFAULT..\n-00024280: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a . (*note Simple.\n-00024290: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n-000242a0: 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 , ...grub-set-de\n-000242b0: 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 fault..., or ...\n-000242c0: 6772 7562 2d72 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a grub-reboot.....\n-000242d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000242e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 6c62 fo, Node: fallb\n-000242f0: 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 786d ack, Next: gfxm\n-00024300: 6f64 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 6661 ode, Prev: defa\n-00024310: 756c 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ult, Up: Specia\n-00024320: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00024330: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3131 riables..15.1.11\n-00024340: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fallback.------\n-00024350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 ----------..If t\n-00024360: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-00024370: 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 set, it identifi\n-00024380: 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 es a menu entry \n-00024390: 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a73 that should be.s\n-000243a0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 6966 2074 6865 2064 elected if the d\n-000243b0: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n-000243c0: 7920 6661 696c 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 742e y fails to boot.\n-000243d0: 2020 456e 7472 6965 7320 6172 650a 6964 Entries are.id\n-000243e0: 656e 7469 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 entified in the \n-000243f0: 7361 6d65 2077 6179 2061 7320 666f 7220 same way as for \n-00024400: e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a ...default... (*\n-00024410: 6e6f 7465 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a 292e note default::).\n-00024420: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00024430: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 786d nfo, Node: gfxm\n-00024440: 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 7870 ode, Next: gfxp\n-00024450: 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 ayload, Prev: f\n-00024460: 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 allback, Up: Sp\n-00024470: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00024480: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00024490: 312e 3132 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 1.12 gfxmode.---\n-000244a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n-000244b0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-000244c0: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 7365 7473 2074 s set, it sets t\n-000244d0: 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 7573 he resolution us\n-000244e0: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 ed on the ...gfx\n-000244f0: 7465 726d e280 990a 6772 6170 6869 6361 term....graphica\n-00024500: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 l terminal. Not\n-00024510: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206f e that you can o\n-00024520: 6e6c 7920 7573 6520 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 nly use modes wh\n-00024530: 6963 6820 796f 7572 0a67 7261 7068 6963 ich your.graphic\n-00024540: 7320 6361 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 s card supports \n-00024550: 7669 6120 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 4578 via VESA BIOS Ex\n-00024560: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 2c20 tensions (VBE), \n-00024570: 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a6e so for example.n\n-00024580: 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 6c20 ative LCD panel \n-00024590: 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 resolutions may \n-000245a0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 not be available\n-000245b0: 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 . The default i\n-000245c0: 730a e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 s....auto..., wh\n-000245d0: 6963 6820 7365 6c65 6374 7320 6120 706c ich selects a pl\n-000245e0: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n-000245f0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7468 6174 2073 686f default that sho\n-00024600: 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 uld look.reasona\n-00024610: 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 ble. Supported \n-00024620: 6d6f 6465 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6973 modes can be lis\n-00024630: 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f69 ted by ...videoi\n-00024640: 6e66 6fe2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 nfo... command i\n-00024650: 6e0a 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 n.GRUB... The \n-00024660: 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 resolution may b\n-00024670: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 e specified as a\n-00024680: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 206f 6e65 sequence of one\n-00024690: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 6573 2c0a or more modes,.\n-000246a0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d separated by com\n-000246b0: 6d61 7320 28e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2920 6f72 mas (...,...) or\n-000246c0: 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 28e2 8098 semicolons (...\n-000246d0: 3be2 8099 293b 2065 6163 6820 7769 6c6c ;...); each will\n-000246e0: 2062 6520 7472 6965 6420 696e 0a74 7572 be tried in.tur\n-000246f0: 6e20 756e 7469 6c20 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 n until one is f\n-00024700: 6f75 6e64 2e20 2045 6163 6820 6d6f 6465 ound. Each mode\n-00024710: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2065 6974 6865 should be eithe\n-00024720: 7220 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c0a e280 r ...auto...,...\n-00024730: 9857 4944 5448 7848 4549 4748 54e2 8099 .WIDTHxHEIGHT...\n-00024740: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 , or ...WIDTHxHE\n-00024750: 4947 4854 7844 4550 5448 e280 992e 0a0a IGHTxDEPTH......\n-00024760: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00024770: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7870 6179 o, Node: gfxpay\n-00024780: 6c6f 6164 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6678 load, Next: gfx\n-00024790: 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 term_font, Prev\n-000247a0: 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 : gfxmode, Up: \n-000247b0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-000247c0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-000247d0: 352e 312e 3133 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 5.1.13 gfxpayloa\n-000247e0: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n-000247f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n-00024800: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n-00024810: 7420 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2074 6865 2076 t controls the v\n-00024820: 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6520 696e 2077 6869 ideo mode in whi\n-00024830: 6368 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a6b 6572 ch the Linux.ker\n-00024840: 6e65 6c20 7374 6172 7473 2075 702c 2072 nel starts up, r\n-00024850: 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 eplacing the ...\n-00024860: 7667 613d e280 9920 626f 6f74 206f 7074 vga=... boot opt\n-00024870: 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 ion (*note linux\n-00024880: 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 ::). It.may be \n-00024890: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 set to ...text..\n-000248a0: 9920 746f 2066 6f72 6365 2074 6865 204c . to force the L\n-000248b0: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 inux kernel to b\n-000248c0: 6f6f 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 oot in normal te\n-000248d0: 7874 0a6d 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 xt.mode, ...keep\n-000248e0: e280 9920 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 ... to preserve \n-000248f0: 7468 6520 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 the graphics mod\n-00024900: 6520 7365 7420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 e set using ...g\n-00024910: 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 992c 206f 7220 616e fxmode..., or an\n-00024920: 790a 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6572 6d69 7474 y.of the permitt\n-00024930: 6564 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 e280 ed values for ..\n-00024940: 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 746f 2073 .gfxmode... to s\n-00024950: 6574 2061 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 et a particular \n-00024960: 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 650a 282a graphics mode.(*\n-00024970: 6e6f 7465 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 292e note gfxmode::).\n-00024980: 0a0a 2020 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f .. Depending o\n-00024990: 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 n your kernel, y\n-000249a0: 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e our distribution\n-000249b0: 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 , your graphics \n-000249c0: 6361 7264 2c20 616e 640a 7468 6520 7068 card, and.the ph\n-000249d0: 6173 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 6f6f 6e2c ase of the moon,\n-000249e0: 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2075 7369 6e67 note that using\n-000249f0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 this option may\n-00024a00: 2063 6175 7365 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 cause GNU/Linux\n-00024a10: 0a74 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 .to suffer from \n-00024a20: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 various display \n-00024a30: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 problems, partic\n-00024a40: 756c 6172 6c79 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 ularly during th\n-00024a50: 6520 6561 726c 790a 7061 7274 206f 6620 e early.part of \n-00024a60: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6571 7565 6e63 the boot sequenc\n-00024a70: 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 e. If you have \n-00024a80: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7365 7420 7468 problems, set th\n-00024a90: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0ae2 is variable to..\n-00024aa0: 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 ..text... and GR\n-00024ab0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e UB will tell Lin\n-00024ac0: 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f ux to boot in no\n-00024ad0: 726d 616c 2074 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a rmal text mode..\n-00024ae0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 . The default \n-00024af0: 6973 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 is platform-spec\n-00024b00: 6966 6963 2e20 204f 6e20 706c 6174 666f ific. On platfo\n-00024b10: 726d 7320 7769 7468 2061 206e 6174 6976 rms with a nativ\n-00024b20: 6520 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 6520 2873 7563 e text.mode (suc\n-00024b30: 6820 6173 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 h as PC BIOS pla\n-00024b40: 7466 6f72 6d73 292c 2074 6865 2064 6566 tforms), the def\n-00024b50: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9874 6578 74e2 ault is ...text.\n-00024b60: 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2074 ... Otherwise t\n-00024b70: 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6179 2062 he.default may b\n-00024b80: 6520 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 206f 7220 e ...auto... or \n-00024b90: 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 2076 6964 656f a specific video\n-00024ba0: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 mode... This \n-00024bb0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 variable is ofte\n-00024bc0: 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 n set by ...GRUB\n-00024bd0: 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 _GFXPAYLOAD_LINU\n-00024be0: 58e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 X... (*note Simp\n-00024bf0: 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le.configuration\n-00024c00: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00024c10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024c20: 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 204e gfxterm_font, N\n-00024c30: 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 ext: grub_cpu, \n-00024c40: 5072 6576 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 Prev: gfxpayload\n-00024c50: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00024c60: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00024c70: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3420 6766 bles..15.1.14 gf\n-00024c80: 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d xterm_font.-----\n-00024c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00024ca0: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00024cb0: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d e is set, it nam\n-00024cc0: 6573 2061 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 es a font to use\n-00024cd0: 2066 6f72 2074 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 for text on the\n-00024ce0: 0ae2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2067 ....gfxterm... g\n-00024cf0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 raphical termina\n-00024d00: 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 20e2 l. Otherwise, .\n-00024d10: 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 206d 6179 ..gfxterm... may\n-00024d20: 2075 7365 2061 6e79 0a61 7661 696c 6162 use any.availab\n-00024d30: 6c65 2066 6f6e 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 le font.....File\n-00024d40: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00024d50: 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 204e de: grub_cpu, N\n-00024d60: 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f ext: grub_platfo\n-00024d70: 726d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 7465 rm, Prev: gfxte\n-00024d80: 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 rm_font, Up: Sp\n-00024d90: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00024da0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00024db0: 312e 3135 2067 7275 625f 6370 750a 2d2d 1.15 grub_cpu.--\n-00024dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00024dd0: 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 In normal mode (\n-00024de0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c *note normal::),\n-00024df0: 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 20e2 GRUB sets the .\n-00024e00: 8098 6772 7562 5f63 7075 e280 9920 7661 ..grub_cpu... va\n-00024e10: 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 4350 riable to.the CP\n-00024e20: 5520 7479 7065 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 U type for which\n-00024e30: 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 GRUB was built \n-00024e40: 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6933 3836 e280 (e.g. ...i386..\n-00024e50: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 706f 7765 7270 63e2 . or ...powerpc.\n-00024e60: 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ..).....File: gr\n-00024e70: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024e80: 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 grub_platform, \n-00024e90: 4e65 7874 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 Next: icondir, \n-00024ea0: 5072 6576 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 Prev: grub_cpu, \n-00024eb0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00024ec0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00024ed0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 7562 es..15.1.16 grub\n-00024ee0: 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _platform.------\n-00024ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00024f00: 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 .In normal mode \n-00024f10: 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 (*note normal::)\n-00024f20: 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 , GRUB sets the \n-00024f30: e280 9867 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d ...grub_platform\n-00024f40: e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a74 6f20 ... variable.to \n-00024f50: 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 6f72 the platform for\n-00024f60: 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 which GRUB was \n-00024f70: 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 built (e.g. ...\n-00024f80: 7063 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6566 69e2 pc... or ...efi.\n-00024f90: 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ..).....File: gr\n-00024fa0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024fb0: 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 icondir, Next: \n-00024fc0: 6c61 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 lang, Prev: gru\n-00024fd0: 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2055 703a b_platform, Up:\n-00024fe0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00024ff0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00025000: 3135 2e31 2e31 3720 6963 6f6e 6469 720a 15.1.17 icondir.\n-00025010: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00025020: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00025030: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d e is set, it nam\n-00025040: 6573 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2069 es a directory i\n-00025050: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4752 5542 n which the GRUB\n-00025060: 0a67 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 .graphical menu \n-00025070: 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b20 666f 7220 should look for \n-00025080: 6963 6f6e 7320 6166 7465 7220 6c6f 6f6b icons after look\n-00025090: 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 ing in the theme\n-000250a0: 2773 0ae2 8098 6963 6f6e 73e2 8099 2064 's....icons... d\n-000250b0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 irectory. *Note\n-000250c0: 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d Theme file form\n-000250d0: 6174 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 at::.....File: g\n-000250e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000250f0: 206c 616e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f lang, Next: lo\n-00025100: 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a cale_dir, Prev:\n-00025110: 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 2055 703a 2053 icondir, Up: S\n-00025120: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00025130: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00025140: 2e31 2e31 3820 6c61 6e67 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .1.18 lang.-----\n-00025150: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n-00025160: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n-00025170: 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 206c , it names the l\n-00025180: 616e 6775 6167 6520 636f 6465 2074 6861 anguage code tha\n-00025190: 7420 7468 6520 e280 9867 6574 7465 7874 t the ...gettext\n-000251a0: e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ....command (*no\n-000251b0: 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 2920 7573 te gettext::) us\n-000251c0: 6573 2074 6f20 7472 616e 736c 6174 6520 es to translate \n-000251d0: 7374 7269 6e67 732e 2020 466f 7220 6578 strings. For ex\n-000251e0: 616d 706c 652c 0a46 7265 6e63 6820 776f ample,.French wo\n-000251f0: 756c 6420 6265 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 uld be named as \n-00025200: e280 9866 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 5369 ...fr..., and Si\n-00025210: 6d70 6c69 6669 6564 2043 6869 6e65 7365 mplified Chinese\n-00025220: 2061 7320 e280 987a 685f 434e e280 992e as ...zh_CN....\n-00025230: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 .. ...grub-mkc\n-00025240: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 onfig... (*note \n-00025250: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n-00025260: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 tion::) will try\n-00025270: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 610a 7265 6173 6f6e to set a.reason\n-00025280: 6162 6c65 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 able default for\n-00025290: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2062 this variable b\n-000252a0: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7379 7374 ased on the syst\n-000252b0: 656d 206c 6f63 616c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 em locale.....Fi\n-000252c0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000252d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 Node: locale_dir\n-000252e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 , Next: lockdow\n-000252f0: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 n, Prev: lang, \n-00025300: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00025310: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00025320: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3920 6c6f 6361 es..15.1.19 loca\n-00025330: 6c65 5f64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d le_dir.---------\n-00025340: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n-00025350: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n-00025360: 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 et, it names the\n-00025370: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 directory where\n-00025380: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c translation fil\n-00025390: 6573 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 666f 756e 6420 es.may be found \n-000253a0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a (*note gettext::\n-000253b0: 292c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 ), usually .../b\n-000253c0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 oot/grub/locale.\n-000253d0: 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a ... Otherwise,.\n-000253e0: 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 internationaliza\n-000253f0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6469 7361 626c 6564 tion is disabled\n-00025400: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ... ...grub-mk\n-00025410: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 config... (*note\n-00025420: 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple configur\n-00025430: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 7365 ation::) will se\n-00025440: 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 0a64 t a reasonable.d\n-00025450: 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 efault for this \n-00025460: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6620 696e 7465 variable if inte\n-00025470: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e rnationalization\n-00025480: 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2061 6e64 2061 is needed and a\n-00025490: 6e79 0a74 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 ny.translation f\n-000254a0: 696c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 iles are availab\n-000254b0: 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 le.....File: gru\n-000254c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n-000254d0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ockdown, Next: \n-000254e0: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c menu_color_highl\n-000254f0: 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f63 ight, Prev: loc\n-00025500: 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ale_dir, Up: Sp\n-00025510: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00025520: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00025530: 312e 3230 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e0a 2d2d 1.20 lockdown.--\n-00025540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00025550: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n-00025560: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 is set to ...y.\n-00025570: 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 .., it means tha\n-00025580: 7420 4752 5542 2068 6173 2065 6e74 6572 t GRUB has enter\n-00025590: 6564 202a 6e6f 7465 0a4c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ed *note.Lockdow\n-000255a0: 6e3a 3a20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c n:: mode.....Fil\n-000255b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000255c0: 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f ode: menu_color_\n-000255d0: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 highlight, Next\n-000255e0: 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 : menu_color_nor\n-000255f0: 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 636b mal, Prev: lock\n-00025600: 646f 776e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 down, Up: Speci\n-00025610: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025620: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n-00025630: 3120 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 1 menu_color_hig\n-00025640: 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hlight.---------\n+00023740: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n+00023750: 6c65 2069 7320 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 le is automatica\n+00023760: 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 lly set by GRUB \n+00023770: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 to the directory\n+00023780: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 part of.current\n+00023790: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+000237a0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ile name (*note \n+000237b0: 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 2e0a config_file::)..\n+000237c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000237d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 fo, Node: confi\n+000237e0: 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 g_file, Next: d\n+000237f0: 6562 7567 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e ebug, Prev: con\n+00023800: 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 fig_directory, \n+00023810: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00023820: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00023830: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3820 636f 6e66 6967 s..15.1.8 config\n+00023840: 5f66 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _file.----------\n+00023850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n+00023860: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d ariable is autom\n+00023870: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 atically set by \n+00023880: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 GRUB to the name\n+00023890: 206f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f of configuratio\n+000238a0: 6e0a 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 6973 2062 n.file that is b\n+000238b0: 6569 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 2062 eing processed b\n+000238c0: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 636f y commands ...co\n+000238d0: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f nfigfile... (*no\n+000238e0: 7465 0a63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 te.configfile::)\n+000238f0: 206f 7220 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 or ...normal...\n+00023900: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a (*note normal::\n+00023910: 292e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7265 7374 6f72 ). It is restor\n+00023920: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f ed to the.previo\n+00023930: 7573 2076 616c 7565 2077 6865 6e20 636f us value when co\n+00023940: 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 732e mmand completes.\n+00023950: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00023960: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 6275 nfo, Node: debu\n+00023970: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 6661 756c g, Next: defaul\n+00023980: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 t, Prev: config\n+00023990: 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 _file, Up: Spec\n+000239a0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+000239b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+000239c0: 3920 6465 6275 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 debug.--------\n+000239d0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n+000239e0: 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 ble may be set t\n+000239f0: 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2064 6562 7567 6769 o enable debuggi\n+00023a00: 6e67 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2076 ng output from v\n+00023a10: 6172 696f 7573 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 arious.component\n+00023a20: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2054 6865 2076 s of GRUB. The v\n+00023a30: 616c 7565 2069 7320 616e 206f 7264 6572 alue is an order\n+00023a40: 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 6562 7567 ed list of debug\n+00023a50: 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 730a facility names.\n+00023a60: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 separated by whi\n+00023a70: 7465 7370 6163 6520 6f72 20e2 8098 2ce2 tespace or ...,.\n+00023a80: 8099 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7370 6563 ... If the spec\n+00023a90: 6961 6c20 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d ial facility nam\n+00023aa0: 6564 20e2 8098 616c 6ce2 8099 2069 730a ed ...all... is.\n+00023ab0: 7072 6573 656e 7420 7468 656e 2064 6562 present then deb\n+00023ac0: 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 ugging output of\n+00023ad0: 2061 6c6c 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 all facility na\n+00023ae0: 6d65 7320 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2061 mes is enabled a\n+00023af0: 7420 7468 650a 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2070 t the.start of p\n+00023b00: 726f 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 7661 rocessing the va\n+00023b10: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 lue of this vari\n+00023b20: 6162 6c65 2e20 2041 2066 6163 696c 6974 able. A facilit\n+00023b30: 7927 7320 6465 6275 670a 6f75 7470 7574 y's debug.output\n+00023b40: 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2064 6973 can then be dis\n+00023b50: 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 abled by prefixi\n+00023b60: 6e67 2069 7473 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 ng its name with\n+00023b70: 2061 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 a ...-.... The\n+00023b80: 206c 6173 740a 6f63 6375 7265 6e63 6520 last.occurence \n+00023b90: 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6520 7769 facility name wi\n+00023ba0: 7468 206f 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6120 th or without a \n+00023bb0: 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 982d e280 9920 leading ...-... \n+00023bc0: 7461 6b65 7320 7072 6563 656e 6465 6e74 takes precendent\n+00023bd0: 0a6f 7665 7220 616e 7920 7072 6576 696f .over any previo\n+00023be0: 7573 206f 6363 7572 656e 6365 2e20 2054 us occurence. 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Consult\n+00023d00: 2074 6865 2073 6f75 7263 6520 666f 7220 the source for \n+00023d10: 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f more details....\n+00023d20: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00023d30: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 , Node: default\n+00023d40: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 , Next: fallbac\n+00023d50: 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 6275 672c k, Prev: debug,\n+00023d60: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00023d70: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00023d80: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3130 2064 6566 les..15.1.10 def\n+00023d90: 6175 6c74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ault.-----------\n+00023da0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n+00023db0: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n+00023dc0: 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d t identifies a m\n+00023dd0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 enu entry that s\n+00023de0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 hould be.selecte\n+00023df0: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 706f d by default, po\n+00023e00: 7373 6962 6c79 2061 6674 6572 2061 2074 ssibly after a t\n+00023e10: 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 imeout (*note ti\n+00023e20: 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 0a65 meout::). 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If the entr\n+00023f70: 7920 6973 2069 6e20 6120 7375 626d 656e y is in a submen\n+00023f80: 752c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 206d 7573 7420 u, then it must \n+00023f90: 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 7573 be identified us\n+00023fa0: 696e 6720 7468 650a 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 ing the.number, \n+00023fb0: 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6964 206f 6620 title, or id of \n+00023fc0: 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 626d each of the subm\n+00023fd0: 656e 7573 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 enus starting fr\n+00023fe0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6f70 0a6c 6576 656c om the top.level\n+00023ff0: 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 7468 , followed by th\n+00024000: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7469 746c 652c e number, title,\n+00024010: 206f 7220 6964 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 or id of the me\n+00024020: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7473 656c 662c nu entry itself,\n+00024030: 0a77 6974 6820 6561 6368 2065 6c65 6d65 .with each eleme\n+00024040: 6e74 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 nt separated by \n+00024050: e280 983e e280 992e 2020 466f 7220 6578 ...>.... 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Mi\n+00024120: 6e69 7820 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 0a20 nix --id=minix. \n+00024130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 Version \n+00024140: 332e 342e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 3.4.0 --id=minix\n+00024150: 2d33 2e34 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 -3.4.0. \n+00024160: 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 332e 3020 2d2d Version 3.3.0 --\n+00024170: 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e33 2e30 0a20 id=minix-3.3.0. \n+00024180: 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2049 6e76 6164 GRUB Invad\n+00024190: 6572 7320 2d2d 6964 3d67 7275 622d 696e ers --id=grub-in\n+000241a0: 7661 6465 7273 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206d vaders.. 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(*no\n+00024410: 7465 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a 292e 0a0a te default::)...\n+00024420: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00024430: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 o, Node: gfxmod\n+00024440: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 7870 6179 e, Next: gfxpay\n+00024450: 6c6f 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c load, Prev: fal\n+00024460: 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 lback, Up: Spec\n+00024470: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00024480: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00024490: 3132 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 12 gfxmode.-----\n+000244a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 ----------..If t\n+000244b0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n+000244c0: 7365 742c 2069 7420 7365 7473 2074 6865 set, it sets the\n+000244d0: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 resolution used\n+000244e0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 on the ...gfxte\n+000244f0: 726d e280 990a 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 rm....graphical \n+00024500: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 terminal. 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The re\n+00024660: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 solution may be \n+00024670: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 2073 specified as a s\n+00024680: 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 206f 6e65 206f equence of one o\n+00024690: 7220 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 6573 2c0a 7365 r more modes,.se\n+000246a0: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 parated by comma\n+000246b0: 7320 28e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2920 6f72 2073 s (...,...) or s\n+000246c0: 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 28e2 8098 3be2 emicolons (...;.\n+000246d0: 8099 293b 2065 6163 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 ..); each will b\n+000246e0: 6520 7472 6965 6420 696e 0a74 7572 6e20 e tried in.turn \n+000246f0: 756e 7469 6c20 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 6f75 until one is fou\n+00024700: 6e64 2e20 2045 6163 6820 6d6f 6465 2073 nd. Each mode s\n+00024710: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 hould be either \n+00024720: e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c0a e280 9857 ...auto...,....W\n+00024730: 4944 5448 7848 4549 4748 54e2 8099 2c20 IDTHxHEIGHT..., \n+00024740: 6f72 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 or ...WIDTHxHEIG\n+00024750: 4854 7844 4550 5448 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a HTxDEPTH........\n+00024760: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00024770: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f Node: gfxpaylo\n+00024780: 6164 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6678 7465 ad, Next: gfxte\n+00024790: 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 rm_font, Prev: \n+000247a0: 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 gfxmode, Up: Sp\n+000247b0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000247c0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000247d0: 312e 3133 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 640a 1.13 gfxpayload.\n+000247e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000247f0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n+00024800: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n+00024810: 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2074 6865 2076 6964 controls the vid\n+00024820: 656f 206d 6f64 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 eo mode in which\n+00024830: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a6b 6572 6e65 the Linux.kerne\n+00024840: 6c20 7374 6172 7473 2075 702c 2072 6570 l starts up, rep\n+00024850: 6c61 6369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7667 lacing the ...vg\n+00024860: 613d e280 9920 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f a=... boot optio\n+00024870: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a n (*note linux::\n+00024880: 292e 2020 4974 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 7365 ). It.may be se\n+00024890: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 t to ...text... \n+000248a0: 746f 2066 6f72 6365 2074 6865 204c 696e to force the Lin\n+000248b0: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f ux kernel to boo\n+000248c0: 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 t in normal text\n+000248d0: 0a6d 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 .mode, ...keep..\n+000248e0: 9920 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 . to preserve th\n+000248f0: 6520 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 e graphics mode \n+00024900: 7365 7420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 set using ...gfx\n+00024910: 6d6f 6465 e280 992c 206f 7220 616e 790a mode..., or any.\n+00024920: 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6572 6d69 7474 6564 of the permitted\n+00024930: 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 e280 9867 values for ...g\n+00024940: 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 746f 2073 6574 fxmode... to set\n+00024950: 2061 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6772 a particular gr\n+00024960: 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 650a 282a 6e6f aphics mode.(*no\n+00024970: 7465 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 292e 0a0a te gfxmode::)...\n+00024980: 2020 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 Depending on \n+00024990: 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 your kernel, you\n+000249a0: 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 r distribution, \n+000249b0: 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 your graphics ca\n+000249c0: 7264 2c20 616e 640a 7468 6520 7068 6173 rd, and.the phas\n+000249d0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e e of the moon, n\n+000249e0: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ote that using t\n+000249f0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 his option may c\n+00024a00: 6175 7365 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a74 ause GNU/Linux.t\n+00024a10: 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 o suffer from va\n+00024a20: 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 rious display pr\n+00024a30: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c oblems, particul\n+00024a40: 6172 6c79 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 arly during the \n+00024a50: 6561 726c 790a 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 early.part of th\n+00024a60: 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6571 7565 6e63 652e e boot sequence.\n+00024a70: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7072 If you have pr\n+00024a80: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 oblems, set this\n+00024a90: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0ae2 8098 variable to....\n+00024aa0: 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 text... and GRUB\n+00024ab0: 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 will tell Linux\n+00024ac0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d to boot in norm\n+00024ad0: 616c 2074 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 al text mode... \n+00024ae0: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+00024af0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 platform-specif\n+00024b00: 6963 2e20 204f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d ic. On platform\n+00024b10: 7320 7769 7468 2061 206e 6174 6976 6520 s with a native \n+00024b20: 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 6520 2873 7563 6820 text.mode (such \n+00024b30: 6173 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 as PC BIOS platf\n+00024b40: 6f72 6d73 292c 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 orms), the defau\n+00024b50: 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 lt is ...text...\n+00024b60: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2074 6865 . Otherwise the\n+00024b70: 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6179 2062 6520 .default may be \n+00024b80: e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 206f 7220 6120 ...auto... or a \n+00024b90: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2076 6964 656f 206d specific video m\n+00024ba0: 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 ode... This va\n+00024bb0: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 riable is often \n+00024bc0: 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 set by ...GRUB_G\n+00024bd0: 4658 5041 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 FXPAYLOAD_LINUX.\n+00024be0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 .. (*note Simple\n+00024bf0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .configuration::\n+00024c00: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00024c10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 .info, Node: gf\n+00024c20: 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 xterm_font, Nex\n+00024c30: 743a 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 5072 t: grub_cpu, Pr\n+00024c40: 6576 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 ev: gfxpayload, \n+00024c50: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00024c60: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00024c70: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3420 6766 7874 es..15.1.14 gfxt\n+00024c80: 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erm_font.-------\n+00024c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n+00024ca0: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n+00024cb0: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 is set, it names\n+00024cc0: 2061 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 a font to use f\n+00024cd0: 6f72 2074 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 0ae2 or text on the..\n+00024ce0: 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2067 7261 ..gfxterm... gra\n+00024cf0: 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e phical terminal.\n+00024d00: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 20e2 8098 Otherwise, ...\n+00024d10: 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 206d 6179 2075 gfxterm... may u\n+00024d20: 7365 2061 6e79 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 se any.available\n+00024d30: 2066 6f6e 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 font.....File: \n+00024d40: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00024d50: 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 204e 6578 : grub_cpu, Nex\n+00024d60: 743a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d t: grub_platform\n+00024d70: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 7465 726d , Prev: gfxterm\n+00024d80: 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 _font, Up: Spec\n+00024d90: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00024da0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00024db0: 3135 2067 7275 625f 6370 750a 2d2d 2d2d 15 grub_cpu.----\n+00024dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e ------------..In\n+00024dd0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e normal mode (*n\n+00024de0: 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 ote normal::), G\n+00024df0: 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 20e2 8098 RUB sets the ...\n+00024e00: 6772 7562 5f63 7075 e280 9920 7661 7269 grub_cpu... vari\n+00024e10: 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 4350 5520 able to.the CPU \n+00024e20: 7479 7065 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 type for which G\n+00024e30: 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 RUB was built (e\n+00024e40: 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6933 3836 e280 9920 .g. ...i386... \n+00024e50: 6f72 20e2 8098 706f 7765 7270 63e2 8099 or ...powerpc...\n+00024e60: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00024e70: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 .info, Node: gr\n+00024e80: 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 4e65 ub_platform, Ne\n+00024e90: 7874 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 5072 xt: icondir, Pr\n+00024ea0: 6576 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2055 ev: grub_cpu, U\n+00024eb0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00024ec0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00024ed0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 7562 5f70 ..15.1.16 grub_p\n+00024ee0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d latform.--------\n+00024ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n+00024f00: 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a n normal mode (*\n+00024f10: 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 note normal::), \n+00024f20: 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 e280 GRUB sets the ..\n+00024f30: 9867 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d e280 .grub_platform..\n+00024f40: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a74 6f20 7468 . variable.to th\n+00024f50: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2077 e platform for w\n+00024f60: 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 hich GRUB was bu\n+00024f70: 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 7063 ilt (e.g. ...pc\n+00024f80: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6566 69e2 8099 ... or ...efi...\n+00024f90: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00024fa0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6963 .info, Node: ic\n+00024fb0: 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c61 ondir, Next: la\n+00024fc0: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 625f ng, Prev: grub_\n+00024fd0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 platform, Up: S\n+00024fe0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00024ff0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00025000: 2e31 2e31 3720 6963 6f6e 6469 720a 2d2d .1.17 icondir.--\n+00025010: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n+00025020: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n+00025030: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 is set, it names\n+00025040: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2069 6e20 a directory in \n+00025050: 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a67 which the GRUB.g\n+00025060: 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7368 raphical menu sh\n+00025070: 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b20 666f 7220 6963 ould look for ic\n+00025080: 6f6e 7320 6166 7465 7220 6c6f 6f6b 696e ons after lookin\n+00025090: 6720 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2773 g in the theme's\n+000250a0: 0ae2 8098 6963 6f6e 73e2 8099 2064 6972 ....icons... dir\n+000250b0: 6563 746f 7279 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 ectory. *Note T\n+000250c0: 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 heme file format\n+000250d0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+000250e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n+000250f0: 616e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6361 ang, Next: loca\n+00025100: 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 le_dir, Prev: i\n+00025110: 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 condir, Up: Spe\n+00025120: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025130: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025140: 2e31 3820 6c61 6e67 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .18 lang.-------\n+00025150: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n+00025160: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n+00025170: 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 206c 616e it names the lan\n+00025180: 6775 6167 6520 636f 6465 2074 6861 7420 guage code that \n+00025190: 7468 6520 e280 9867 6574 7465 7874 e280 the ...gettext..\n+000251a0: 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 ..command (*note\n+000251b0: 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 2920 7573 6573 gettext::) uses\n+000251c0: 2074 6f20 7472 616e 736c 6174 6520 7374 to translate st\n+000251d0: 7269 6e67 732e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d rings. For exam\n+000251e0: 706c 652c 0a46 7265 6e63 6820 776f 756c ple,.French woul\n+000251f0: 6420 6265 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 e280 d be named as ..\n+00025200: 9866 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 5369 6d70 .fr..., and Simp\n+00025210: 6c69 6669 6564 2043 6869 6e65 7365 2061 lified Chinese a\n+00025220: 7320 e280 987a 685f 434e e280 992e 0a0a s ...zh_CN......\n+00025230: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ...grub-mkcon\n+00025240: 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 fig... (*note Si\n+00025250: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n+00025260: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 on::) will try t\n+00025270: 6f20 7365 7420 610a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 o set a.reasonab\n+00025280: 6c65 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 le default for t\n+00025290: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2062 6173 his variable bas\n+000252a0: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d ed on the system\n+000252b0: 206c 6f63 616c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 locale.....File\n+000252c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000252d0: 6465 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 de: locale_dir, \n+000252e0: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c Next: lockdown,\n+000252f0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2055 Prev: lang, U\n+00025300: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00025310: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00025320: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3920 6c6f 6361 6c65 ..15.1.19 locale\n+00025330: 5f64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _dir.-----------\n+00025340: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+00025350: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00025360: 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 2064 , it names the d\n+00025370: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 irectory where t\n+00025380: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 ranslation files\n+00025390: 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 666f 756e 6420 282a .may be found (*\n+000253a0: 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 292c note gettext::),\n+000253b0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f usually .../boo\n+000253c0: 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 t/grub/locale...\n+000253d0: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 696e . Otherwise,.in\n+000253e0: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 ternationalizati\n+000253f0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6469 7361 626c 6564 2e0a on is disabled..\n+00025400: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f . ...grub-mkco\n+00025410: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 nfig... (*note S\n+00025420: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple configurat\n+00025430: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 ion::) will set \n+00025440: 6120 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 0a64 6566 a reasonable.def\n+00025450: 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 ault for this va\n+00025460: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6620 696e 7465 726e riable if intern\n+00025470: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 ationalization i\n+00025480: 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 s needed and any\n+00025490: 0a74 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c .translation fil\n+000254a0: 6573 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 es are available\n+000254b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000254c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 info, Node: loc\n+000254d0: 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 kdown, Next: me\n+000254e0: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 nu_color_highlig\n+000254f0: 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f63 616c ht, Prev: local\n+00025500: 655f 6469 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 e_dir, Up: Spec\n+00025510: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00025520: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00025530: 3230 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 20 lockdown.----\n+00025540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n+00025550: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n+00025560: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 s set to ...y...\n+00025570: 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 , it means that \n+00025580: 4752 5542 2068 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 GRUB has entered\n+00025590: 202a 6e6f 7465 0a4c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a *note.Lockdown:\n+000255a0: 3a20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a : mode.....File:\n+000255b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000255c0: 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 e: menu_color_hi\n+000255d0: 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ghlight, Next: \n+000255e0: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 menu_color_norma\n+000255f0: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f l, Prev: lockdo\n+00025600: 776e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c wn, Up: Special\n+00025610: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00025620: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 iables..15.1.21 \n+00025630: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c menu_color_highl\n+00025640: 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ight.-----------\n 00025650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025660: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n-00025670: 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 le contains the \n-00025680: 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 foreground and b\n-00025690: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 ackground colors\n-000256a0: 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 640a 666f 7220 to be used.for \n-000256b0: 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 the highlighted \n-000256c0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7365 7061 menu entry, sepa\n-000256d0: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 rated by a slash\n-000256e0: 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 (.../...). Set\n-000256f0: 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ting.this variab\n-00025700: 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 le changes those\n-00025710: 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 colors. For th\n-00025720: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f e available colo\n-00025730: 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 r names,.*note c\n-00025740: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a olor_normal::...\n-00025750: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n-00025760: 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 s the value of .\n-00025770: 8098 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 ..color_highligh\n-00025780: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f t... (*note.colo\n-00025790: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 743a 3a29 2e0a r_highlight::)..\n-000257a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000257b0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f fo, Node: menu_\n-000257c0: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e color_normal, N\n-000257d0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__boot_file, \n-000257f0: 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f Prev: menu_colo\n-00025800: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 r_highlight, Up\n-00025810: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00025820: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00025830: 0a31 352e 312e 3232 206d 656e 755f 636f .15.1.22 menu_co\n-00025840: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d lor_normal.-----\n+00025660: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n+00025670: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 666f contains the fo\n+00025680: 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 reground and bac\n+00025690: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 kground colors t\n+000256a0: 6f20 6265 2075 7365 640a 666f 7220 7468 o be used.for th\n+000256b0: 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 6d65 e highlighted me\n+000256c0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7365 7061 7261 nu entry, separa\n+000256d0: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 ted by a slash (\n+000256e0: e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 .../...). Setti\n+000256f0: 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ng.this variable\n+00025700: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 changes those c\n+00025710: 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 olors. For the \n+00025720: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 available color \n+00025730: 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c names,.*note col\n+00025740: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 or_normal::... \n+00025750: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n+00025760: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 the value of ...\n+00025770: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 74e2 color_highlight.\n+00025780: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f .. (*note.color_\n+00025790: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f highlight::)....\n+000257a0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000257b0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f , Node: menu_co\n+000257c0: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 lor_normal, Nex\n+000257d0: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__boot_file, P\n+000257f0: 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f rev: menu_color_\n+00025800: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 highlight, Up: \n+00025810: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00025820: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00025830: 352e 312e 3232 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 5.1.22 menu_colo\n+00025840: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r_normal.-------\n 00025850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025860: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00025870: 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 ble contains the\n-00025880: 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 foreground and \n-00025890: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 background color\n-000258a0: 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 s to be used.for\n-000258b0: 206e 6f6e 2d68 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 non-highlighted\n-000258c0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2073 menu entries, s\n-000258d0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c eparated by a sl\n-000258e0: 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 ash (.../...). \n-000258f0: 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 2076 6172 Setting.this var\n-00025900: 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 iable changes th\n-00025910: 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 ose colors. For\n-00025920: 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 the available c\n-00025930: 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 olor names,.*not\n-00025940: 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a e color_normal::\n-00025950: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c ... The defaul\n-00025960: 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f t is the value o\n-00025970: 6620 e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 f ...color_norma\n-00025980: 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f l... (*note colo\n-00025990: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a r_normal::).....\n-000259a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000259b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__boot_fil\n-000259d0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 e, Next: net__client\n-000259f0: 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f id, Prev: menu_\n-00025a00: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 color_normal, U\n-00025a10: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00025a20: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00025a30: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.23 net__boot_f\n-00025a50: 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ile.------------\n+00025860: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n+00025870: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 e contains the f\n+00025880: 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 oreground and ba\n+00025890: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 ckground colors \n+000258a0: 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 206e to be used.for n\n+000258b0: 6f6e 2d68 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d on-highlighted m\n+000258c0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2073 6570 enu entries, sep\n+000258d0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 arated by a slas\n+000258e0: 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 h (.../...). Se\n+000258f0: 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 tting.this varia\n+00025900: 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 ble changes thos\n+00025910: 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 e colors. For t\n+00025920: 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c he available col\n+00025930: 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 or names,.*note \n+00025940: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a color_normal::..\n+00025950: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 . The default \n+00025960: 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 is the value of \n+00025970: e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 ...color_normal.\n+00025980: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f .. (*note color_\n+00025990: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 normal::).....Fi\n+000259a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000259b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__boot_file,\n+000259d0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__clientid\n+000259f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f , Prev: menu_co\n+00025a00: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a lor_normal, Up:\n+00025a10: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00025a20: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00025a30: 3135 2e31 2e32 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.23 net__boot_fil\n+00025a50: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n 00025a60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-00025a80: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-00025a90: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00025aa0: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__clientid, Ne\n-00025ac0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__clientuuid, \n-00025ae0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__boot_file\n-00025b00: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00025b10: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00025b20: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3420 6e65 bles..15.1.24 ne\n-00025b30: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n-00025b40: 6965 6e74 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ientid.---------\n+00025a70: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00025a80: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00025a90: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00025aa0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025ab0: 5f63 6c69 656e 7469 642c 2020 4e65 7874 _clientid, Next\n+00025ac0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__clientuuid, P\n+00025ae0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 rev: net__boot_file, \n+00025b00: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00025b10: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00025b20: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3420 6e65 745f es..15.1.24 net_\n+00025b30: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n+00025b40: 6e74 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ntid.-----------\n 00025b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-00025b70: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-00025b80: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00025b90: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__clientuuid,\n-00025bb0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__dhcp_ser\n-00025bd0: 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a ver_name, Prev:\n-00025be0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025bf0: 5f63 6c69 656e 7469 642c 2020 5570 3a20 _clientid, Up: \n-00025c00: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00025c10: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00025c20: 352e 312e 3235 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.25 net__clientuui\n-00025c40: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n+00025b60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+00025b70: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+00025b80: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00025b90: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__clientuuid, \n+00025bb0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__dhcp_serve\n+00025bd0: 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e r_name, Prev: n\n+00025be0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n+00025bf0: 6c69 656e 7469 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 lientid, Up: Sp\n+00025c00: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00025c10: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00025c20: 312e 3235 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.25 net__clientuuid.\n+00025c40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00025c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025c60: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n-00025c70: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n-00025c80: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00025c90: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__dhcp_server_na\n-00025cb0: 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c me, Next: net_<\n-00025cc0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d 6169 INTERFACE>_domai\n-00025cd0: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 n, Prev: net__client\n-00025cf0: 7575 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 uuid, Up: Speci\n-00025d00: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025d10: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n-00025d20: 3620 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 6 net__dhcp_server_na\n-00025d40: 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d me.-------------\n+00025c60: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+00025c70: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+00025c80: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00025c90: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025ca0: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n+00025cb0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__domain,\n+00025cd0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__clientuu\n+00025cf0: 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c id, Up: Special\n+00025d00: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00025d10: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 iables..15.1.26 \n+00025d20: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025d30: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n+00025d40: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n 00025d50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00025d70: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-00025d80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00025d90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__domain,\n-00025db0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__extensio\n-00025dd0: 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e nspath, Prev: n\n-00025de0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n-00025df0: 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c hcp_server_name,\n-00025e00: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00025e10: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00025e20: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3237 206e 6574 les..15.1.27 net\n-00025e30: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n-00025e40: 6169 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ain.------------\n+00025d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+00025d70: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00025d80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00025d90: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__domain, \n+00025db0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__extensions\n+00025dd0: 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 path, Prev: net\n+00025de0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 __dhc\n+00025df0: 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 p_server_name, \n+00025e00: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00025e10: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00025e20: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3237 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.27 net_<\n+00025e30: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d 6169 INTERFACE>_domai\n+00025e40: 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n.--------------\n 00025e50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025e60: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-00025e70: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-00025e80: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00025e90: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025ea0: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 extensionspath, \n-00025eb0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__hostname,\n-00025ed0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__domain, \n-00025ef0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00025f00: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00025f10: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3820 6e65 745f es..15.1.28 net_\n-00025f20: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 7465 _exte\n-00025f30: 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d nsionspath.-----\n+00025e60: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00025e70: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00025e80: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+00025e90: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 t__ex\n+00025ea0: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 204e tensionspath, N\n+00025eb0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__hostname, \n+00025ed0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__domain, U\n+00025ef0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00025f00: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00025f10: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3820 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.28 net__extens\n+00025f30: 696f 6e73 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ionspath.-------\n 00025f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025f60: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00025f70: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00025f80: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00025f90: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n-00025fa0: 6f73 746e 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ostname, Next: \n-00025fb0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025fc0: 6970 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c ip, Prev: net_<\n-00025fd0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 656e INTERFACE>_exten\n-00025fe0: 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 sionspath, Up: \n-00025ff0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00026000: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00026010: 352e 312e 3239 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.29 net__hostname.\n+00025f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00025f60: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00025f70: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00025f80: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+00025f90: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n+00025fa0: 746e 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 tname, Next: ne\n+00025fb0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 t__ip\n+00025fc0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__extensi\n+00025fe0: 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 onspath, Up: Sp\n+00025ff0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00026000: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00026010: 312e 3239 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.29 net__hostname.--\n 00026030: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026050: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n-00026060: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00026070: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-00026080: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 t__ip\n-00026090: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__mac, P\n-000260b0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 rev: net__hostname, \n-000260d0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-000260e0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-000260f0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3330 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.30 net_<\n-00026100: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 700a 2d2d INTERFACE>_ip.--\n+00026040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00026050: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+00026060: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00026070: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+00026080: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 2c20 _ip, \n+00026090: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__mac, Pre\n+000260b0: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__hostname, Up\n+000260d0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+000260e0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+000260f0: 0a31 352e 312e 3330 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.30 net__ip.----\n 00026110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026120: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00026130: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00026140: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00026150: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__mac, Next\n-00026170: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__next_server, \n-00026190: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__ip, Up: S\n-000261b0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-000261c0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-000261d0: 2e31 2e33 3120 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.31 net__mac.------\n+00026120: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n+00026130: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+00026140: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00026150: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__mac, Next: \n+00026170: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00026180: 6e65 7874 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 next_server, Pr\n+00026190: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__ip, Up: Spe\n+000261b0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000261c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+000261d0: 2e33 3120 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .31 net__mac.--------\n 000261f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-00026210: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-00026220: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00026230: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__next_server, \n-00026250: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__rootpath,\n-00026270: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__mac, Up\n-00026290: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-000262a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-000262b0: 0a31 352e 312e 3332 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.32 net__next_se\n-000262d0: 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rver.-----------\n+00026200: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00026210: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00026220: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00026230: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00026240: 5f6e 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e _next_server, N\n+00026250: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__rootpath, \n+00026270: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__mac, Up: \n+00026290: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+000262a0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+000262b0: 352e 312e 3332 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.32 net__next_serv\n+000262d0: 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er.-------------\n 000262e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000262f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00026300: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00026310: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00026320: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__rootpath, \n-00026340: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Next: net_defau\n-00026350: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2050 lt_interface, P\n-00026360: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 rev: net__next_server\n-00026380: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026390: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000263a0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 bles..15.1.33 ne\n-000263b0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f t__ro\n-000263c0: 6f74 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d otpath.---------\n+000262f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n+00026300: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+00026310: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00026320: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__rootpath, N\n+00026340: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ext: net_default\n+00026350: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 _interface, Pre\n+00026360: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__next_server, \n+00026380: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00026390: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+000263a0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 745f es..15.1.33 net_\n+000263b0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f 6f74 _root\n+000263c0: 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d path.-----------\n 000263d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000263e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-000263f0: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-00026400: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00026410: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ode: net_default\n-00026420: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 _interface, Nex\n-00026430: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 t: net_default_i\n-00026440: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 p, Prev: net__rootpa\n-00026460: 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c th, Up: Special\n-00026470: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00026480: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3420 iables..15.1.34 \n-00026490: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 net_default_inte\n-000264a0: 7266 6163 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rface.----------\n+000263e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+000263f0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+00026400: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00026410: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 e: net_default_i\n+00026420: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a nterface, Next:\n+00026430: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c net_default_ip,\n+00026440: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__rootpath\n+00026460: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00026470: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00026480: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3420 6e65 bles..15.1.34 ne\n+00026490: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 t_default_interf\n+000264a0: 6163 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ace.------------\n 000264b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000264c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n-000264d0: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n-000264e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000264f0: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c net_default_ip,\n-00026500: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Next: net_defa\n-00026510: 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ult_mac, Prev: \n-00026520: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 net_default_inte\n-00026530: 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 rface, Up: Spec\n-00026540: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00026550: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00026560: 3335 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 35 net_default_i\n-00026570: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n-00026580: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00026590: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-000265a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000265b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Node: net_defaul\n-000265c0: 745f 6d61 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 t_mac, Next: ne\n-000265d0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n-000265e0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Prev: net_def\n-000265f0: 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ault_ip, Up: Sp\n-00026600: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026610: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026620: 312e 3336 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.36 net_default\n-00026630: 5f6d 6163 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _mac.-----------\n-00026640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00026650: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00026660: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00026670: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 o, Node: net_de\n-00026680: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e fault_server, N\n-00026690: 6578 743a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2050 7265 ext: pager, Pre\n-000266a0: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d v: net_default_m\n-000266b0: 6163 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ac, Up: Special\n-000266c0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-000266d0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3720 iables..15.1.37 \n-000266e0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n-000266f0: 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er.-------------\n-00026700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00026710: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00026720: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00026730: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6167 6572 fo, Node: pager\n-00026740: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7265 6669 782c , Next: prefix,\n-00026750: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Prev: net_defa\n-00026760: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a ult_server, Up:\n-00026770: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00026780: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00026790: 3135 2e31 2e33 3820 7061 6765 720a 2d2d 15.1.38 pager.--\n-000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n-000267b0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2c20 set to ...1..., \n-000267c0: 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2061 6674 pause output aft\n-000267d0: 6572 2065 6163 6820 7363 7265 656e 6675 er each screenfu\n-000267e0: 6c20 616e 6420 7761 6974 2066 6f72 206b l and wait for k\n-000267f0: 6579 626f 6172 640a 696e 7075 742e 2020 eyboard.input. \n-00026800: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e The default is n\n-00026810: 6f74 2074 6f20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 ot to pause outp\n-00026820: 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ut.....File: gru\n-00026830: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n-00026840: 7265 6669 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 refix, Next: px\n-00026850: 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5072 6576 e_blksize, Prev\n-00026860: 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 : pager, Up: Sp\n-00026870: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026880: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026890: 312e 3339 2070 7265 6669 780a 2d2d 2d2d 1.39 prefix.----\n-000268a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 ----------..The \n-000268b0: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 location of the \n-000268c0: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 .../boot/grub...\n-000268d0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 616e directory as an\n-000268e0: 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e absolute file n\n-000268f0: 616d 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 ame.(*note File \n-00026900: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 name syntax::). \n-00026910: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c This is normall\n-00026920: 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 y set by GRUB at\n-00026930: 2073 7461 7274 7570 0a62 6173 6564 206f startup.based o\n-00026940: 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7072 n information pr\n-00026950: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 ovided by ...gru\n-00026960: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2e20 2047 b-install.... G\n-00026970: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6172 650a RUB modules are.\n-00026980: 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 dynamically load\n-00026990: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6972 ed from this dir\n-000269a0: 6563 746f 7279 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d75 ectory, so it mu\n-000269b0: 7374 2062 6520 7365 7420 636f 7272 6563 st be set correc\n-000269c0: 746c 7920 696e 0a6f 7264 6572 2066 6f72 tly in.order for\n-000269d0: 206d 616e 7920 7061 7274 7320 6f66 2047 many parts of G\n-000269e0: 5255 4220 746f 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a RUB to work.....\n-000269f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00026a00: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 Node: pxe_blks\n-00026a10: 697a 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f ize, Next: pxe_\n-00026a20: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c default_gateway,\n-00026a30: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 Prev: prefix, \n-00026a40: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00026a50: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00026a60: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3020 7078 655f es..15.1.40 pxe_\n-00026a70: 626c 6b73 697a 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d blksize.--------\n-00026a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00026a90: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-00026aa0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00026ab0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 , Node: pxe_def\n-00026ac0: 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 204e ault_gateway, N\n-00026ad0: 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ext: pxe_default\n-00026ae0: 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _server, Prev: \n-00026af0: 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5570 pxe_blksize, Up\n-00026b00: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00026b10: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00026b20: 0a31 352e 312e 3431 2070 7865 5f64 6566 .15.1.41 pxe_def\n-00026b30: 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 0a2d 2d2d ault_gateway.---\n+000264c0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n+000264d0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+000264e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+000264f0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 et_default_ip, \n+00026500: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Next: net_defaul\n+00026510: 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 t_mac, Prev: ne\n+00026520: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 t_default_interf\n+00026530: 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ace, Up: Specia\n+00026540: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026550: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3335 riables..15.1.35\n+00026560: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 700a net_default_ip.\n+00026570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026580: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n+00026590: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+000265a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000265b0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: net_default_\n+000265c0: 6d61 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f mac, Next: net_\n+000265d0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 default_server, \n+000265e0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Prev: net_defau\n+000265f0: 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 lt_ip, Up: Spec\n+00026600: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00026610: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00026620: 3336 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 36 net_default_m\n+00026630: 6163 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ac.-------------\n+00026640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00026650: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00026660: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00026670: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Node: net_defa\n+00026680: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 ult_server, Nex\n+00026690: 743a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: pager, Prev:\n+000266a0: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 net_default_mac\n+000266b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000266c0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000266d0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3720 6e65 bles..15.1.37 ne\n+000266e0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n+000266f0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00026700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n+00026710: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+00026720: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00026730: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 , Node: pager, \n+00026740: 204e 6578 743a 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 Next: prefix, \n+00026750: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Prev: net_defaul\n+00026760: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 t_server, Up: S\n+00026770: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00026780: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00026790: 2e31 2e33 3820 7061 6765 720a 2d2d 2d2d .1.38 pager.----\n+000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7365 ---------..If se\n+000267b0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2c20 7061 t to ...1..., pa\n+000267c0: 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2061 6674 6572 use output after\n+000267d0: 2065 6163 6820 7363 7265 656e 6675 6c20 each screenful \n+000267e0: 616e 6420 7761 6974 2066 6f72 206b 6579 and wait for key\n+000267f0: 626f 6172 640a 696e 7075 742e 2020 5468 board.input. Th\n+00026800: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f74 e default is not\n+00026810: 2074 6f20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 to pause output\n+00026820: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00026830: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7265 info, Node: pre\n+00026840: 6669 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f fix, Next: pxe_\n+00026850: 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 blksize, Prev: \n+00026860: 7061 6765 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 pager, Up: Spec\n+00026870: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00026880: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00026890: 3339 2070 7265 6669 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 39 prefix.------\n+000268a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f --------..The lo\n+000268b0: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 cation of the ..\n+000268c0: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2064 ./boot/grub... d\n+000268d0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 616e 2061 irectory as an a\n+000268e0: 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d bsolute file nam\n+000268f0: 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 e.(*note File na\n+00026900: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 me syntax::). T\n+00026910: 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 his is normally \n+00026920: 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 set by GRUB at s\n+00026930: 7461 7274 7570 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 tartup.based on \n+00026940: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 information prov\n+00026950: 6964 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d ided by ...grub-\n+00026960: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2e20 2047 5255 install.... GRU\n+00026970: 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6172 650a 6479 B modules are.dy\n+00026980: 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 namically loaded\n+00026990: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6972 6563 from this direc\n+000269a0: 746f 7279 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d75 7374 tory, so it must\n+000269b0: 2062 6520 7365 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c be set correctl\n+000269c0: 7920 696e 0a6f 7264 6572 2066 6f72 206d y in.order for m\n+000269d0: 616e 7920 7061 7274 7320 6f66 2047 5255 any parts of GRU\n+000269e0: 4220 746f 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 B to work.....Fi\n+000269f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00026a00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a Node: pxe_blksiz\n+00026a10: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 e, Next: pxe_de\n+00026a20: 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 fault_gateway, \n+00026a30: 5072 6576 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 2055 Prev: prefix, U\n+00026a40: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00026a50: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00026a60: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3020 7078 655f 626c ..15.1.40 pxe_bl\n+00026a70: 6b73 697a 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ksize.----------\n+00026a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+00026a90: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00026aa0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00026ab0: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 Node: pxe_defau\n+00026ac0: 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 204e 6578 lt_gateway, Nex\n+00026ad0: 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 t: pxe_default_s\n+00026ae0: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 erver, Prev: px\n+00026af0: 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5570 3a20 e_blksize, Up: \n+00026b00: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026b10: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026b20: 352e 312e 3431 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 5.1.41 pxe_defau\n+00026b30: 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d lt_gateway.-----\n 00026b40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00026b60: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00026b70: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00026b80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c Node: pxe_defaul\n-00026b90: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a t_server, Next:\n-00026ba0: 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 root, Prev: px\n-00026bb0: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 e_default_gatewa\n-00026bc0: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 y, Up: Special \n-00026bd0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00026be0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3432 2070 ables..15.1.42 p\n-00026bf0: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 xe_default_serve\n-00026c00: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n-00026c10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00026c20: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00026c30: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00026c40: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 o, Node: root, \n-00026c50: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b Next: shim_lock\n-00026c60: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 , Prev: pxe_def\n-00026c70: 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 ault_server, Up\n-00026c80: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00026c90: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00026ca0: 0a31 352e 312e 3433 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d .15.1.43 root.--\n-00026cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 ----------..The \n-00026cc0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 root device name\n-00026cd0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 (*note Device s\n-00026ce0: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 yntax::). Any f\n-00026cf0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2064 ile names that d\n-00026d00: 6f0a 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e o.not specify an\n-00026d10: 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 6465 7669 6365 explicit device\n-00026d20: 206e 616d 6520 6172 6520 7265 6164 2066 name are read f\n-00026d30: 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 652e rom this device.\n-00026d40: 2020 5468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The.default is\n-00026d50: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 normally set by\n-00026d60: 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 GRUB at startup\n-00026d70: 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7661 based on the va\n-00026d80: 6c75 6520 6f66 0ae2 8098 7072 6566 6978 lue of....prefix\n-00026d90: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 7265 6669 ... (*note prefi\n-00026da0: 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6578 x::)... For ex\n-00026db0: 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 4752 5542 2077 ample, if GRUB w\n-00026dc0: 6173 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2074 6f20 as installed to \n-00026dd0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 the first partit\n-00026de0: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 ion of the.first\n-00026df0: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7468 656e hard disk, then\n-00026e00: 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d69 ...prefix... mi\n-00026e10: 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ght be set to ..\n-00026e20: 9828 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 292f 626f .(hd0,msdos1)/bo\n-00026e30: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 ot/grub....and .\n-00026e40: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 ..root... to ...\n-00026e50: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 e280 992e 0a0a hd0,msdos1......\n-00026e60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00026e70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c o, Node: shim_l\n-00026e80: 6f63 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 7065 ock, Next: supe\n-00026e90: 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 rusers, Prev: r\n-00026ea0: 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 oot, Up: Specia\n-00026eb0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00026ec0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3434 riables..15.1.44\n-00026ed0: 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d shim_lock.-----\n-00026ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n-00026ef0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-00026f00: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 s set to ...y...\n-00026f10: 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 , it means that \n-00026f20: 7468 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 the shim_lock ve\n-00026f30: 7269 6669 6572 2069 730a 7265 6769 7374 rifier is.regist\n-00026f40: 6572 6564 2028 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 ered (see *note \n-00026f50: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n-00026f60: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f and shim::)....\n-00026f70: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00026f80: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 7570 6572 7573 , Node: superus\n-00026f90: 6572 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7468 656d ers, Next: them\n-00026fa0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c e, Prev: shim_l\n-00026fb0: 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ock, Up: Specia\n-00026fc0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00026fd0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3435 riables..15.1.45\n-00026fe0: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d superusers.----\n-00026ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00027000: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 This variable ma\n-00027010: 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 y be set to a li\n-00027020: 7374 206f 6620 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 st of superuser \n-00027030: 6e61 6d65 7320 746f 2065 6e61 626c 650a names to enable.\n-00027040: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 authentication s\n-00027050: 7570 706f 7274 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 upport. *Note S\n-00027060: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ecurity::.....Fi\n-00027070: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00027080: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 4e65 Node: theme, Ne\n-00027090: 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5072 xt: timeout, Pr\n-000270a0: 6576 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 ev: superusers, \n-000270b0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000270c0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000270d0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3620 7468 656d es..15.1.46 them\n-000270e0: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a e.-------------.\n-000270f0: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d .This variable m\n-00027100: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 2064 ay be set to a d\n-00027110: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e irectory contain\n-00027120: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 ing a GRUB graph\n-00027130: 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a 7468 656d 652e ical menu.theme.\n-00027140: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 *Note Theme fi\n-00027150: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 le format::... \n-00027160: 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 This variable i\n-00027170: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 s often set by .\n-00027180: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 e280 9920 ..GRUB_THEME... \n-00027190: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f (*note Simple.co\n-000271a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a nfiguration::)..\n-000271b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000271c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f fo, Node: timeo\n-000271d0: 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f ut, Next: timeo\n-000271e0: 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a ut_style, Prev:\n-000271f0: 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 theme, Up: Spe\n-00027200: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00027210: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00027220: 2e34 3720 7469 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d .47 timeout.----\n-00027230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n-00027240: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n-00027250: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 set, it specifi\n-00027260: 6573 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 696e 2073 es the time in s\n-00027270: 6563 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 econds to wait f\n-00027280: 6f72 0a6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 696e 7075 or.keyboard inpu\n-00027290: 7420 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 t before booting\n-000272a0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e the default men\n-000272b0: 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4120 7469 6d65 u entry. A time\n-000272c0: 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a6d out of ...0....m\n-000272d0: 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 eans to boot the\n-000272e0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2069 default entry i\n-000272f0: 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2077 6974 686f mmediately witho\n-00027300: 7574 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 ut displaying th\n-00027310: 6520 6d65 6e75 3b0a 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 e menu;.a timeou\n-00027320: 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 286f t of ...-1... (o\n-00027330: 7220 756e 7365 7429 206d 6561 6e73 2074 r unset) means t\n-00027340: 6f20 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 o wait indefinit\n-00027350: 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 e280 9874 ely... If ...t\n-00027360: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 e280 9920 imeout_style... \n-00027370: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 (*note timeout_s\n-00027380: 7479 6c65 3a3a 2920 6973 2073 6574 2074 tyle::) is set t\n-00027390: 6f20 e280 9863 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 o ...countdown..\n-000273a0: 9920 6f72 0ae2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 . or....hidden..\n-000273b0: 992c 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 ., the timeout i\n-000273c0: 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 s instead counte\n-000273d0: 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e d before the men\n-000273e0: 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a u is displayed..\n-000273f0: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c . This variabl\n-00027400: 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 e is often set b\n-00027410: 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 y ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n-00027420: 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 T... (*note Simp\n-00027430: 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le.configuration\n-00027440: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00027450: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00027460: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 timeout_style, \n-00027470: 4e65 7874 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 Next: tpm_fail_f\n-00027480: 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d atal, Prev: tim\n-00027490: 656f 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 eout, Up: Speci\n-000274a0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-000274b0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n-000274c0: 3820 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 650a 8 timeout_style.\n+00026b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n+00026b60: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+00026b70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00026b80: 6465 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: pxe_default_\n+00026b90: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 server, Next: r\n+00026ba0: 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f oot, Prev: pxe_\n+00026bb0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c default_gateway,\n+00026bc0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00026bd0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00026be0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3432 2070 7865 les..15.1.42 pxe\n+00026bf0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 720a _default_server.\n+00026c00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026c10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00026c20: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00026c30: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00026c40: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 204e Node: root, N\n+00026c50: 6578 743a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 ext: shim_lock, \n+00026c60: 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 Prev: pxe_defau\n+00026c70: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 lt_server, Up: \n+00026c80: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026c90: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026ca0: 352e 312e 3433 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 5.1.43 root.----\n+00026cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 726f --------..The ro\n+00026cc0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 ot device name (\n+00026cd0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e *note Device syn\n+00026ce0: 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 696c tax::). Any fil\n+00026cf0: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f0a e names that do.\n+00026d00: 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e 2065 not specify an e\n+00026d10: 7870 6c69 6369 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e xplicit device n\n+00026d20: 616d 6520 6172 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f ame are read fro\n+00026d30: 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 m this device. \n+00026d40: 5468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e The.default is n\n+00026d50: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 ormally set by G\n+00026d60: 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 RUB at startup b\n+00026d70: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 ased on the valu\n+00026d80: 6520 6f66 0ae2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 e of....prefix..\n+00026d90: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 7265 6669 783a . (*note prefix:\n+00026da0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d :)... For exam\n+00026db0: 706c 652c 2069 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 ple, if GRUB was\n+00026dc0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 installed to th\n+00026dd0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f e first partitio\n+00026de0: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2068 n of the.first h\n+00026df0: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 ard disk, then .\n+00026e00: 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d69 6768 ..prefix... migh\n+00026e10: 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9828 t be set to ...(\n+00026e20: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 292f 626f 6f74 hd0,msdos1)/boot\n+00026e30: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 /grub....and ...\n+00026e40: 726f 6f74 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6864 root... to ...hd\n+00026e50: 302c 6d73 646f 7331 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 0,msdos1........\n+00026e60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00026e70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 Node: shim_loc\n+00026e80: 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 7065 7275 k, Next: superu\n+00026e90: 7365 7273 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6f6f sers, Prev: roo\n+00026ea0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n+00026eb0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00026ec0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3434 2073 ables..15.1.44 s\n+00026ed0: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d him_lock.-------\n+00026ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 ----------..If t\n+00026ef0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n+00026f00: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 set to ...y..., \n+00026f10: 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 it means that th\n+00026f20: 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 e shim_lock veri\n+00026f30: 6669 6572 2069 730a 7265 6769 7374 6572 fier is.register\n+00026f40: 6564 2028 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 5545 ed (see *note UE\n+00026f50: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 FI secure boot a\n+00026f60: 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nd shim::).....F\n+00026f70: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00026f80: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 Node: superuser\n+00026f90: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7468 656d 652c s, Next: theme,\n+00026fa0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 Prev: shim_loc\n+00026fb0: 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 k, Up: Special \n+00026fc0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00026fd0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3435 2073 ables..15.1.45 s\n+00026fe0: 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d uperusers.------\n+00026ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00027000: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 is variable may \n+00027010: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 be set to a list\n+00027020: 206f 6620 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6e61 of superuser na\n+00027030: 6d65 7320 746f 2065 6e61 626c 650a 6175 mes to enable.au\n+00027040: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 thentication sup\n+00027050: 706f 7274 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 port. *Note Sec\n+00027060: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 urity::.....File\n+00027070: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00027080: 6465 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 de: theme, Next\n+00027090: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5072 6576 : timeout, Prev\n+000270a0: 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2055 : superusers, U\n+000270b0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000270c0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000270d0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3620 7468 656d 650a ..15.1.46 theme.\n+000270e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n+000270f0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 his variable may\n+00027100: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 2064 6972 be set to a dir\n+00027110: 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e ectory containin\n+00027120: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 g a GRUB graphic\n+00027130: 616c 206d 656e 750a 7468 656d 652e 2020 al menu.theme. \n+00027140: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 *Note Theme file\n+00027150: 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 format::... T\n+00027160: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n+00027170: 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 often set by ...\n+00027180: 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 e280 9920 282a GRUB_THEME... (*\n+00027190: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 note Simple.conf\n+000271a0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f iguration::)....\n+000271b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000271c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 , Node: timeout\n+000271d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 , Next: timeout\n+000271e0: 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 _style, Prev: t\n+000271f0: 6865 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 heme, Up: Speci\n+00027200: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00027210: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n+00027220: 3720 7469 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7 timeout.------\n+00027230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n+00027240: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n+00027250: 6574 2c20 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 et, it specifies\n+00027260: 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 696e 2073 6563 the time in sec\n+00027270: 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 onds to wait for\n+00027280: 0a6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 696e 7075 7420 .keyboard input \n+00027290: 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 before booting t\n+000272a0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he default menu \n+000272b0: 656e 7472 792e 2020 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 entry. A timeou\n+000272c0: 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a6d 6561 t of ...0....mea\n+000272d0: 6e73 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 ns to boot the d\n+000272e0: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d efault entry imm\n+000272f0: 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2077 6974 686f 7574 ediately without\n+00027300: 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 displaying the \n+00027310: 6d65 6e75 3b0a 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 menu;.a timeout \n+00027320: 6f66 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 286f 7220 of ...-1... (or \n+00027330: 756e 7365 7429 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 unset) means to \n+00027340: 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c wait indefinitel\n+00027350: 792e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 e280 9874 696d y... If ...tim\n+00027360: 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 e280 9920 282a eout_style... (*\n+00027370: 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 note timeout_sty\n+00027380: 6c65 3a3a 2920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 le::) is set to \n+00027390: e280 9863 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 ...countdown... \n+000273a0: 6f72 0ae2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 992c or....hidden...,\n+000273b0: 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 the timeout is \n+000273c0: 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 instead counted \n+000273d0: 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 before the menu \n+000273e0: 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 is displayed... \n+000273f0: 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 This variable \n+00027400: 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 is often set by \n+00027410: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT.\n+00027420: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 .. (*note Simple\n+00027430: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .configuration::\n+00027440: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00027450: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 .info, Node: ti\n+00027460: 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 4e65 meout_style, Ne\n+00027470: 7874 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 xt: tpm_fail_fat\n+00027480: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f al, Prev: timeo\n+00027490: 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ut, Up: Special\n+000274a0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000274b0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3820 iables..15.1.48 \n+000274c0: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 650a 2d2d timeout_style.--\n 000274d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000274e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n-000274f0: 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 able may be set \n-00027500: 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 20e2 to ...menu..., .\n-00027510: 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2c20 ..countdown..., \n-00027520: 6f72 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 or ...hidden... \n-00027530: 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a74 6865 2077 to control.the w\n-00027540: 6179 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 ay in which the \n-00027550: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 timeout (*note t\n-00027560: 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 2920 696e 7465 7261 imeout::) intera\n-00027570: 6374 7320 7769 7468 2064 6973 706c 6179 cts with display\n-00027580: 696e 670a 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2e20 2053 ing.the menu. S\n-00027590: 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 ee the documenta\n-000275a0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f tion of ...GRUB_\n-000275b0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 TIMEOUT_STYLE...\n-000275c0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 (*note Simple.c\n-000275d0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 onfiguration::) \n-000275e0: 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a for details.....\n-000275f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00027600: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c Node: tpm_fail\n-00027610: 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 _fatal, Prev: t\n-00027620: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2055 imeout_style, U\n-00027630: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00027640: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00027650: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3920 7470 6d5f 6661 ..15.1.49 tpm_fa\n-00027660: 696c 5f66 6174 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d il_fatal.-------\n-00027670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00027680: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00027690: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 e is set and tru\n-000276a0: 6520 2869 2e65 2e2c 206e 6f74 2073 6574 e (i.e., not set\n-000276b0: 2074 6f20 2230 222c 2022 6661 6c73 6522 to \"0\", \"false\"\n-000276c0: 2c0a 2264 6973 6162 6c65 222c 206f 7220 ,.\"disable\", or \n-000276d0: 226e 6f22 292c 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 \"no\"), TPM measu\n-000276e0: 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 7468 6174 2066 6169 rements that fai\n-000276f0: 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 l will be treate\n-00027700: 6420 6173 0a66 6174 616c 2e20 204f 7468 d as.fatal. Oth\n-00027710: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 696c erwise, they wil\n-00027720: 6c20 6d65 7265 6c79 2062 6520 6465 6275 l merely be debu\n-00027730: 672d 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 2062 6f6f g-logged and boo\n-00027740: 7420 7769 6c6c 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 652e t will.continue.\n-00027750: 0a0a 2020 2043 616c 6c20 746f 2045 4649 .. Call to EFI\n-00027760: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 206c 696b 6520 firmware, like \n-00027770: 6861 7368 5f6c 6f67 5f65 7874 656e 645f hash_log_extend_\n-00027780: 6576 656e 7428 292c 2063 616e 2072 6574 event(), can ret\n-00027790: 7572 6e20 616e 0a75 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2065 urn an.unknown e\n-000277a0: 7272 6f72 2c20 692e 652e 2020 6475 6520 rror, i.e. due \n-000277b0: 746f 2062 7567 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2069 to bug present i\n-000277c0: 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2057 6865 n firmware. Whe\n-000277d0: 6e20 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a n this variable.\n-000277e0: 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 is set and true \n-000277f0: 2873 616d 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7320 (same values as \n-00027800: 7769 7468 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 with TPM measure\n-00027810: 6d65 6e74 7329 2074 6869 7320 7369 7475 ments) this situ\n-00027820: 6174 696f 6e0a 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636f ation.will be co\n-00027830: 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2066 nsidered to be f\n-00027840: 6174 616c 2061 6e64 2065 7272 6f72 2d6c atal and error-l\n-00027850: 6f67 6765 6420 6173 2022 756e 6b6e 6f77 ogged as \"unknow\n-00027860: 6e20 5450 4d20 6572 726f 7222 2e0a 4966 n TPM error\"..If\n-00027870: 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2c20 626f 6f74 696e not set, bootin\n-00027880: 6720 7468 6520 4f53 2077 696c 6c20 6265 g the OS will be\n-00027890: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c enabled.....Fil\n-000278a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000278b0: 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ode: Environment\n-000278c0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 block, Prev: S\n-000278d0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-000278e0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 2055 nt variables, U\n-000278f0: 703a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a p: Environment..\n-00027900: 3135 2e32 2054 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 15.2 The GRUB en\n-00027910: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a vironment block.\n+000274e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n+000274f0: 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f le may be set to\n+00027500: 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ...menu..., ...\n+00027510: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2c20 6f72 countdown..., or\n+00027520: 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 746f ...hidden... to\n+00027530: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a74 6865 2077 6179 control.the way\n+00027540: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 7469 in which the ti\n+00027550: 6d65 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d meout (*note tim\n+00027560: 656f 7574 3a3a 2920 696e 7465 7261 6374 eout::) interact\n+00027570: 7320 7769 7468 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e s with displayin\n+00027580: 670a 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2e20 2053 6565 g.the menu. See\n+00027590: 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 the documentati\n+000275a0: 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 on of ...GRUB_TI\n+000275b0: 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2028 MEOUT_STYLE... (\n+000275c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e *note Simple.con\n+000275d0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 666f figuration::) fo\n+000275e0: 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 r details.....Fi\n+000275f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00027600: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 Node: tpm_fail_f\n+00027610: 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d atal, Prev: tim\n+00027620: 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2055 703a eout_style, Up:\n+00027630: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00027640: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00027650: 3135 2e31 2e34 3920 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 15.1.49 tpm_fail\n+00027660: 5f66 6174 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _fatal.---------\n+00027670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n+00027680: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n+00027690: 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 is set and true \n+000276a0: 2869 2e65 2e2c 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2074 (i.e., not set t\n+000276b0: 6f20 2230 222c 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2c0a o \"0\", \"false\",.\n+000276c0: 2264 6973 6162 6c65 222c 206f 7220 226e \"disable\", or \"n\n+000276d0: 6f22 292c 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 o\"), TPM measure\n+000276e0: 6d65 6e74 7320 7468 6174 2066 6169 6c20 ments that fail \n+000276f0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 will be treated \n+00027700: 6173 0a66 6174 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 as.fatal. Other\n+00027710: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 wise, they will \n+00027720: 6d65 7265 6c79 2062 6520 6465 6275 672d merely be debug-\n+00027730: 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 logged and boot \n+00027740: 7769 6c6c 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 652e 0a0a will.continue...\n+00027750: 2020 2043 616c 6c20 746f 2045 4649 2066 Call to EFI f\n+00027760: 6972 6d77 6172 652c 206c 696b 6520 6861 irmware, like ha\n+00027770: 7368 5f6c 6f67 5f65 7874 656e 645f 6576 sh_log_extend_ev\n+00027780: 656e 7428 292c 2063 616e 2072 6574 7572 ent(), can retur\n+00027790: 6e20 616e 0a75 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2065 7272 n an.unknown err\n+000277a0: 6f72 2c20 692e 652e 2020 6475 6520 746f or, i.e. due to\n+000277b0: 2062 7567 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2069 6e20 bug present in \n+000277c0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 firmware. When \n+000277d0: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 6973 this variable.is\n+000277e0: 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2873 set and true (s\n+000277f0: 616d 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7320 7769 ame values as wi\n+00027800: 7468 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 th TPM measureme\n+00027810: 6e74 7329 2074 6869 7320 7369 7475 6174 nts) this situat\n+00027820: 696f 6e0a 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636f 6e73 ion.will be cons\n+00027830: 6964 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6174 idered to be fat\n+00027840: 616c 2061 6e64 2065 7272 6f72 2d6c 6f67 al and error-log\n+00027850: 6765 6420 6173 2022 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 ged as \"unknown \n+00027860: 5450 4d20 6572 726f 7222 2e0a 4966 206e TPM error\"..If n\n+00027870: 6f74 2073 6574 2c20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 ot set, booting \n+00027880: 7468 6520 4f53 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2065 the OS will be e\n+00027890: 6e61 626c 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a nabled.....File:\n+000278a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000278b0: 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 e: Environment b\n+000278c0: 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 7065 lock, Prev: Spe\n+000278d0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000278e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 2055 703a variables, Up:\n+000278f0: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 Environment..15\n+00027900: 2e32 2054 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 .2 The GRUB envi\n+00027910: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 3d3d ronment block.==\n 00027920: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00027930: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00027940: 0a49 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2075 7365 .It is often use\n-00027950: 6675 6c20 746f 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 ful to be able t\n-00027960: 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2061 2073 6d61 o remember a sma\n-00027970: 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 ll amount of inf\n-00027980: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e ormation.from on\n-00027990: 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 e boot to the ne\n-000279a0: 7874 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 xt. For example\n-000279b0: 2c20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 , you might want\n-000279c0: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 650a 6465 6661 to set the.defa\n-000279d0: 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2062 ult menu entry b\n-000279e0: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7768 6174 2077 6173 ased on what was\n-000279f0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7468 6520 6c61 selected the la\n-00027a00: 7374 2074 696d 652e 2020 4752 5542 0a64 st time. GRUB.d\n-00027a10: 656c 6962 6572 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 eliberately does\n-00027a20: 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 not implement s\n-00027a30: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2077 7269 7469 upport for writi\n-00027a40: 6e67 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 ng files in orde\n-00027a50: 7220 746f 0a6d 696e 696d 6973 6520 7468 r to.minimise th\n-00027a60: 6520 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 e possibility of\n-00027a70: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n-00027a80: 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 being responsib\n-00027a90: 6c65 2066 6f72 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 le for file.syst\n-00027aa0: 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 em corruption, s\n-00027ab0: 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 o a GRUB configu\n-00027ac0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e6e ration file cann\n-00027ad0: 6f74 206a 7573 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 ot just create a\n-00027ae0: 0a66 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 .file in the ord\n-00027af0: 696e 6172 7920 7761 792e 2020 486f 7765 inary way. Howe\n-00027b00: 7665 722c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 ver, GRUB provid\n-00027b10: 6573 2061 6e20 2265 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 es an \"environme\n-00027b20: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 220a 7768 6963 6820 nt block\".which \n-00027b30: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 can be used to s\n-00027b40: 6176 6520 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 ave a small amou\n-00027b50: 6e74 206f 6620 7374 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 nt of state... \n-00027b60: 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 The environment\n-00027b70: 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 7320 6120 7072 6561 block is a prea\n-00027b80: 6c6c 6f63 6174 6564 2031 3032 342d 6279 llocated 1024-by\n-00027b90: 7465 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a6e te file, which.n\n-00027ba0: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6c69 7665 7320 696e ormally lives in\n-00027bb0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 .../boot/grub/g\n-00027bc0: 7275 6265 6e76 e280 9920 2861 6c74 686f rubenv... (altho\n-00027bd0: 7567 6820 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e ugh you should n\n-00027be0: 6f74 2061 7373 756d 650a 7468 6973 292e ot assume.this).\n-00027bf0: 2020 4174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 At boot time, \n-00027c00: 7468 6520 e280 986c 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 the ...load_env.\n-00027c10: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n-00027c20: 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f e load_env::) lo\n-00027c30: 6164 730a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ads.environment \n-00027c40: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 variables from i\n-00027c50: 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 t, and the ...sa\n-00027c60: 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 ve_env... (*note\n-00027c70: 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a29 0a63 6f6d save_env::).com\n-00027c80: 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 6573 2065 6e76 6972 mand saves envir\n-00027c90: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00027ca0: 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2046 726f 6d20 6120 to it. From a \n-00027cb0: 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 running system, \n-00027cc0: 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6564 6974 the....grub-edit\n-00027cd0: 656e 76e2 8099 2075 7469 6c69 7479 2063 env... utility c\n-00027ce0: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6564 an be used to ed\n-00027cf0: 6974 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 it the environme\n-00027d00: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f nt block... Fo\n-00027d10: 7220 7361 6665 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 r safety reasons\n-00027d20: 2c20 7468 6973 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 , this storage i\n-00027d30: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n-00027d40: 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 when installed \n-00027d50: 6f6e 0a61 2070 6c61 696e 2064 6973 6b20 on.a plain disk \n-00027d60: 286e 6f20 4c56 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 4429 (no LVM or RAID)\n-00027d70: 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 , using a non-ch\n-00027d80: 6563 6b73 756d 6d69 6e67 2066 696c 6573 ecksumming files\n-00027d90: 7973 7465 6d20 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 ystem (no.ZFS), \n-00027da0: 616e 6420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 206f and using BIOS o\n-00027db0: 7220 4546 4920 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 r EFI functions \n-00027dc0: 286e 6f20 4154 412c 2055 5342 206f 7220 (no ATA, USB or \n-00027dd0: 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 IEEE1275)... .\n-00027de0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-00027df0: 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6163 .. uses this fac\n-00027e00: 696c 6974 7920 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 ility to impleme\n-00027e10: 6e74 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4156 4544 nt ...GRUB_SAVED\n-00027e20: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 EFAULT....(*note\n-00027e30: 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple configur\n-00027e40: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ation::).....Fil\n-00027e50: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00027e60: 6f64 653a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 204e ode: Modules, N\n-00027e70: 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 ext: Commands, \n-00027e80: 5072 6576 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Prev: Environmen\n-00027e90: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3620 t, Up: Top..16 \n-00027ea0: 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Modules.********\n-00027eb0: 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 7320 6368 6170 **..In this chap\n-00027ec0: 7465 722c 2077 6520 6c69 7374 2061 6c6c ter, we list all\n-00027ed0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 modules that ar\n-00027ee0: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 e available in G\n-00027ef0: 5255 420a 2863 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 RUB.(currently i\n-00027f00: 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 2e0a 0a20 2020 ncomplete)... \n-00027f10: 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c Modules can be l\n-00027f20: 6f61 6465 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 oaded via the ..\n-00027f30: 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 .insmod... (*not\n-00027f40: 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d e insmod::) comm\n-00027f50: 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a and...* Menu:..*\n-00027f60: 2062 6c69 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 bli::....File: \n-00027f70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00027f80: 3a20 626c 692c 2020 5570 3a20 4d6f 6475 : bli, Up: Modu\n-00027f90: 6c65 730a 0a31 362e 3120 626c 690a 3d3d les..16.1 bli.==\n-00027fa0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6973 206d 6f64 ======..This mod\n-00027fb0: 756c 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2062 6173 ule provides bas\n-00027fc0: 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2074 ic support for t\n-00027fd0: 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 he Boot Loader I\n-00027fe0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a42 nterface. The.B\n-00027ff0: 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 oot Loader Inter\n-00028000: 6661 6365 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 face specifies a\n-00028010: 2073 6574 206f 6620 4546 4920 7661 7269 set of EFI vari\n-00028020: 6162 6c65 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2075 ables that are u\n-00028030: 7365 6420 746f 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 sed to.communica\n-00028040: 7465 2062 6f6f 742d 7469 6d65 2069 6e66 te boot-time inf\n-00028050: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2062 6574 7765 656e ormation between\n-00028060: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 the bootloader \n-00028070: 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f70 6572 6174 696e and the.operatin\n-00028080: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 g system... Th\n-00028090: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 e following vari\n-000280a0: 6162 6c65 7320 6172 6520 706c 6163 6564 ables are placed\n-000280b0: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2076 656e 646f under the vendo\n-000280c0: 7220 5555 4944 0ae2 8098 3461 3637 6230 r UUID....4a67b0\n-000280d0: 3832 2d30 6134 632d 3431 6366 2d62 3663 82-0a4c-41cf-b6c\n-000280e0: 372d 3434 3062 3239 6262 3863 3466 e280 7-440b29bb8c4f..\n-000280f0: 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c . when the modul\n-00028100: 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 643a 0a0a 2020 e is loaded:.. \n-00028110: 2054 6865 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 The GPT partiti\n-00028120: 6f6e 2055 5549 4420 6f66 2074 6865 2045 on UUID of the E\n-00028130: 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d20 5061 7274 6974 FI System Partit\n-00028140: 696f 6e20 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 ion used during \n-00028150: 626f 6f74 0a69 7320 7075 626c 6973 6865 boot.is publishe\n-00028160: 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 984c 6f61 d via the ...Loa\n-00028170: 6465 7244 6576 6963 6550 6172 7455 5549 derDevicePartUUI\n-00028180: 44e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 2020 D... variable. \n-00028190: 5468 6520 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 720a The Boot Loader.\n-000281a0: 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7370 6563 6966 Interface specif\n-000281b0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7175 6972 6573 ication requires\n-000281c0: 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 GPT formatted d\n-000281d0: 7269 7665 732e 2020 5468 6520 626c 6920 rives. The bli \n-000281e0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a69 676e 6f72 6573 2064 module.ignores d\n-000281f0: 7269 7665 732f 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 rives/partitions\n-00028200: 2069 6e20 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 666f in any other fo\n-00028210: 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 4752 5542 2069 rmat. If GRUB i\n-00028220: 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 610a s loaded from a.\n-00028230: 6e6f 6e2d 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f non-GPT partitio\n-00028240: 6e2c 2065 2e67 2e20 2066 726f 6d20 616e n, e.g. from an\n-00028250: 204d 5344 4f53 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 MSDOS formatted\n-00028260: 2064 7269 7665 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 drive or networ\n-00028270: 6b2c 2074 6869 730a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 k, this.variable\n-00028280: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 6574 will not be set\n-00028290: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 2069 ... A string i\n-000282a0: 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 2047 5255 4220 dentifying GRUB \n-000282b0: 6173 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 626f as the active bo\n-000282c0: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 otloader includi\n-000282d0: 6e67 2074 6865 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 206e ng the.version n\n-000282e0: 756d 6265 7220 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 umber is stored \n-000282f0: 696e 20e2 8098 4c6f 6164 6572 496e 666f in ...LoaderInfo\n-00028300: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d6f ...... This mo\n-00028310: 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 dule is only ava\n-00028320: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5545 4649 2070 ilable on UEFI p\n-00028330: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c latforms.....Fil\n-00028340: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00028350: 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 ode: Commands, \n-00028360: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f Next: Internatio\n-00028370: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 nalisation, Pre\n-00028380: 763a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 2055 703a v: Modules, Up:\n-00028390: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3137 2041 7661 696c 6162 Top..17 Availab\n-000283a0: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a2a 2a2a le commands.****\n-000283b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000283c0: 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6861 7074 *..In this chapt\n-000283d0: 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 er, we list all \n-000283e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6172 commands that ar\n-000283f0: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 e available in G\n-00028400: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 RUB... Command\n-00028410: 7320 6265 6c6f 6e67 2074 6f20 6469 6666 s belong to diff\n-00028420: 6572 656e 7420 6772 6f75 7073 2e20 2041 erent groups. A\n-00028430: 2066 6577 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 few can only be\n-00028440: 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a67 6c6f used in the.glo\n-00028450: 6261 6c20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 bal section of t\n-00028460: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he configuration\n-00028470: 2066 696c 6520 286f 7220 226d 656e 7522 file (or \"menu\"\n-00028480: 293b 206d 6f73 7420 6f66 2074 6865 6d20 ); most of them \n-00028490: 6361 6e0a 6265 2065 6e74 6572 6564 206f can.be entered o\n-000284a0: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 n the command-li\n-000284b0: 6e65 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 ne and can be us\n-000284c0: 6564 2065 6974 6865 7220 616e 7977 6865 ed either anywhe\n-000284d0: 7265 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 206f re in the.menu o\n-000284e0: 7220 7370 6563 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2069 r specifically i\n-000284f0: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 n the menu entri\n-00028500: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2072 6573 6375 es... In rescu\n-00028510: 6520 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 e mode, only the\n-00028520: 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a ...insmod... (*\n-00028530: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2c20 note insmod::), \n-00028540: e280 986c 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a ...ls... (*note.\n-00028550: 6c73 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 7365 74e2 8099 ls::), ...set...\n-00028560: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 (*note set::), \n-00028570: 616e 6420 e280 9875 6e73 6574 e280 9920 and ...unset... \n-00028580: 282a 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 2920 (*note unset::) \n-00028590: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a6e 6f72 commands are.nor\n-000285a0: 6d61 6c6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e mally available.\n-000285b0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e64 2075 7020 If you end up \n-000285c0: 696e 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 in rescue mode a\n-000285d0: 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6b6e 6f77 2077 nd do not know w\n-000285e0: 6861 740a 746f 2064 6f2c 2074 6865 6e20 hat.to do, then \n-000285f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 *note GRUB only \n-00028600: 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 offers a rescue \n-00028610: 7368 656c 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 shell::...* Menu\n-00028620: 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 :..* Menu-specif\n-00028630: 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 ic commands::.* \n-00028640: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a Loader commands:\n-00028650: 3a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d :.* General comm\n-00028660: 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ands::.* Command\n-00028670: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a -line commands::\n-00028680: 0a2a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f .* Networking co\n-00028690: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2055 6e64 6f63 mmands::.* Undoc\n-000286a0: 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 umented commands\n-000286b0: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n-000286c0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 .info, Node: Me\n-000286d0: 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d nu-specific comm\n-000286e0: 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f61 ands, Next: Loa\n-000286f0: 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 der commands, U\n-00028700: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e p: Commands..17.\n-00028710: 3120 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2066 6f72 2074 1 Commands for t\n-00028720: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6f6e 6c79 0a3d 3d3d he menu only.===\n+00027930: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 =============..I\n+00027940: 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2075 7365 6675 t is often usefu\n+00027950: 6c20 746f 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 l to be able to \n+00027960: 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c remember a small\n+00027970: 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 6f72 amount of infor\n+00027980: 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e 6520 mation.from one \n+00027990: 626f 6f74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 7874 boot to the next\n+000279a0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 . 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GRUB.del\n+00027a10: 6962 6572 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 206e iberately does n\n+00027a20: 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 7570 ot implement sup\n+00027a30: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2077 7269 7469 6e67 port for writing\n+00027a40: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 files in order \n+00027a50: 746f 0a6d 696e 696d 6973 6520 7468 6520 to.minimise the \n+00027a60: 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2074 possibility of t\n+00027a70: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 he boot loader b\n+00027a80: 6569 6e67 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 eing responsible\n+00027a90: 2066 6f72 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 656d for file.system\n+00027aa0: 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 corruption, so \n+00027ab0: 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 a GRUB configura\n+00027ac0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 tion file cannot\n+00027ad0: 206a 7573 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 0a66 just create a.f\n+00027ae0: 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 696e ile in the ordin\n+00027af0: 6172 7920 7761 792e 2020 486f 7765 7665 ary way. Howeve\n+00027b00: 722c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 r, GRUB provides\n+00027b10: 2061 6e20 2265 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 an \"environment\n+00027b20: 2062 6c6f 636b 220a 7768 6963 6820 6361 block\".which ca\n+00027b30: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6176 n be used to sav\n+00027b40: 6520 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 e a small amount\n+00027b50: 206f 6620 7374 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 of state... T\n+00027b60: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n+00027b70: 6c6f 636b 2069 7320 6120 7072 6561 6c6c lock is a preall\n+00027b80: 6f63 6174 6564 2031 3032 342d 6279 7465 ocated 1024-byte\n+00027b90: 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a6e 6f72 file, which.nor\n+00027ba0: 6d61 6c6c 7920 6c69 7665 7320 696e 20e2 mally lives in .\n+00027bb0: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 ../boot/grub/gru\n+00027bc0: 6265 6e76 e280 9920 2861 6c74 686f 7567 benv... (althoug\n+00027bd0: 6820 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 h you should not\n+00027be0: 2061 7373 756d 650a 7468 6973 292e 2020 assume.this). \n+00027bf0: 4174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 At boot time, th\n+00027c00: 6520 e280 986c 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 e ...load_env...\n+00027c10: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n+00027c20: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 load_env::) load\n+00027c30: 730a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s.environment va\n+00027c40: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 742c riables from it,\n+00027c50: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 and the ...save\n+00027c60: 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 _env... (*note s\n+00027c70: 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a29 0a63 6f6d 6d61 ave_env::).comma\n+00027c80: 6e64 2073 6176 6573 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e nd saves environ\n+00027c90: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 ment variables t\n+00027ca0: 6f20 6974 2e20 2046 726f 6d20 6120 7275 o it. From a ru\n+00027cb0: 6e6e 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 nning system, th\n+00027cc0: 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6564 6974 656e e....grub-editen\n+00027cd0: 76e2 8099 2075 7469 6c69 7479 2063 616e v... utility can\n+00027ce0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6564 6974 be used to edit\n+00027cf0: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n+00027d00: 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 block... For \n+00027d10: 7361 6665 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2c20 safety reasons, \n+00027d20: 7468 6973 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 this storage is \n+00027d30: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 only available w\n+00027d40: 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e hen installed on\n+00027d50: 0a61 2070 6c61 696e 2064 6973 6b20 286e .a plain disk (n\n+00027d60: 6f20 4c56 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 4429 2c20 o LVM or RAID), \n+00027d70: 7573 696e 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 6563 using a non-chec\n+00027d80: 6b73 756d 6d69 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 ksumming filesys\n+00027d90: 7465 6d20 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 616e tem (no.ZFS), an\n+00027da0: 6420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 206f 7220 d using BIOS or \n+00027db0: 4546 4920 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 286e EFI functions (n\n+00027dc0: 6f20 4154 412c 2055 5342 206f 7220 4945 o ATA, USB or IE\n+00027dd0: 4545 3132 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 EE1275)... ...\n+00027de0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+00027df0: 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6163 696c uses this facil\n+00027e00: 6974 7920 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 ity to implement\n+00027e10: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 ...GRUB_SAVEDEF\n+00027e20: 4155 4c54 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 AULT....(*note S\n+00027e30: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple configurat\n+00027e40: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ion::).....File:\n+00027e50: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00027e60: 653a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 204e 6578 e: Modules, Nex\n+00027e70: 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 t: Commands, Pr\n+00027e80: 6576 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c ev: Environment,\n+00027e90: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3620 4d6f Up: Top..16 Mo\n+00027ea0: 6475 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a dules.**********\n+00027eb0: 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 ..In this chapte\n+00027ec0: 722c 2077 6520 6c69 7374 2061 6c6c 206d r, we list all m\n+00027ed0: 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 odules that are \n+00027ee0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 available in GRU\n+00027ef0: 420a 2863 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 6e63 B.(currently inc\n+00027f00: 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f omplete)... 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All n\n+00028860: 756d 6265 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 umbers can be ei\n+00028870: 7468 6572 2064 6563 696d 616c 206f 7220 ther decimal or \n+00028880: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 4120 hexadecimal. A \n+00028890: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 hexadecimal. \n+000288a0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 number must be \n+000288b0: 7072 6563 6564 6564 2062 7920 e280 9830 preceded by ...0\n+000288c0: 78e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2063 6173 x..., and is cas\n+000288d0: 652d 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 652e 0a0a e-insensitive...\n+000288e0: 2020 2054 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 These command\n+000288f0: 7320 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 s can only be us\n+00028900: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3a0a ed in the menu:.\n+00028910: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 .* Menu:..* menu\n+00028920: 656e 7472 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 entry:: \n+00028930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5374 6172 7420 Start \n+00028940: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 2073 a menu entry.* s\n+00028950: 7562 6d65 6e75 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ubmenu:: \n+00028960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 726f Gro\n+00028970: 7570 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a up menu entries.\n+00028980: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00028990: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 7565 fo, Node: menue\n+000289a0: 6e74 7279 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 7562 ntry, Next: sub\n+000289b0: 6d65 6e75 2c20 2055 703a 204d 656e 752d menu, Up: Menu-\n+000289c0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 specific command\n+000289d0: 730a 0a31 372e 312e 3120 6d65 6e75 656e s..17.1.1 menuen\n+000289e0: 7472 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d try.------------\n+000289f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00028a00: 643a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 d: menuentry TIT\n+00028a10: 4c45 205b 2d2d 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 LE [--class=clas\n+00028a20: 7320 2e2e 2e5d 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d s ...] [--users=\n+00028a30: 7573 6572 735d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 users]. \n+00028a40: 205b 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 [--unrestricted\n+00028a50: 5d20 5b2d 2d68 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d ] [--hotkey=key]\n+00028a60: 205b 2d2d 6964 3d69 645d 205b 4152 4720 [--id=id] [ARG \n+00028a70: 2e2e 2e5d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b0a ...] { COMMAND;.\n+00028a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e20 7d0a ... }.\n+00028a90: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 This define\n+00028aa0: 7320 6120 4752 5542 206d 656e 7520 656e s a GRUB menu en\n+00028ab0: 7472 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 5449 544c 452e try named TITLE.\n+00028ac0: 2020 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 656e 7472 When this entr\n+00028ad0: 7920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 y is. select\n+00028ae0: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 ed from the menu\n+00028af0: 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 , GRUB will set \n+00028b00: 7468 6520 4348 4f53 454e 2065 6e76 6972 the CHOSEN envir\n+00028b10: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 onment. vari\n+00028b20: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 able to value of\n+00028b30: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6964 e280 9920 6966 20e2 ...--id... if .\n+00028b40: 8098 2d2d 6964 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 ..--id... is giv\n+00028b50: 656e 2c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 6520 en, execute the \n+00028b60: 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d list of. com\n+00028b70: 6d61 6e64 7320 6769 7665 6e20 7769 7468 mands given with\n+00028b80: 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 in braces, and i\n+00028b90: 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 f the last comma\n+00028ba0: 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 0a20 nd in the list. \n+00028bb0: 2020 2020 7265 7475 726e 6564 2073 7563 returned suc\n+00028bc0: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 616e 6420 6120 cessfully and a \n+00028bd0: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 kernel was loade\n+00028be0: 6420 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 d it will execut\n+00028bf0: 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f e the. ...bo\n+00028c00: 6f74 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a ot... command...\n+00028c10: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 636c The ...--cl\n+00028c20: 6173 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 ass... option ma\n+00028c30: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 616e 7920 6e75 y be used any nu\n+00028c40: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 7320 746f mber of times to\n+00028c50: 2067 726f 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 group menu. \n+00028c60: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 636c entries into cl\n+00028c70: 6173 7365 732e 2020 4d65 6e75 2074 6865 asses. 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All oth\n+00028f20: 6572 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2069 6e63 er arguments inc\n+00028f30: 6c75 6469 6e67 2054 4954 4c45 2061 7265 luding TITLE are\n+00028f40: 2070 6173 7365 6420 6173 2070 6f73 6974 passed as posit\n+00028f50: 696f 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d ional. param\n+00028f60: 6574 6572 7320 7768 656e 206c 6973 7420 eters when list \n+00028f70: 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2065 of commands is e\n+00028f80: 7865 6375 7465 6420 7769 7468 2054 4954 xecuted with TIT\n+00028f90: 4c45 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2061 LE always. a\n+00028fa0: 7373 6967 6e65 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2431 ssigned to ...$1\n+00028fb0: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n+00028fc0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00028fd0: 7375 626d 656e 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 submenu, Prev: \n+00028fe0: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 792c 2020 5570 3a20 menuentry, Up: \n+00028ff0: 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f Menu-specific co\n+00029000: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e31 2e32 2073 mmands..17.1.2 s\n+00029010: 7562 6d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ubmenu.---------\n+00029020: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00029030: 6e64 3a20 7375 626d 656e 7520 5449 544c nd: submenu TITL\n+00029040: 4520 5b2d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 E [--class=class\n+00029050: 202e 2e2e 5d20 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 ...] [--users=u\n+00029060: 7365 7273 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sers]. \n+00029070: 5b2d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d [--unrestricted]\n+00029080: 205b 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 [--hotkey=key] \n+00029090: 5b2d 2d69 643d 6964 5d20 7b20 4d45 4e55 [--id=id] { MENU\n+000290a0: 2045 4e54 5249 4553 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 ENTRIES ... }. \n+000290b0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 This defines\n+000290c0: 2061 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2041 6e20 a submenu. An \n+000290d0: 656e 7472 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 2054 4954 entry called TIT\n+000290e0: 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6464 6564 LE will be added\n+000290f0: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e to the. men\n+00029100: 753b 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 u; when that ent\n+00029110: 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 ry is selected, \n+00029120: 6120 6e65 7720 6d65 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 a new menu will \n+00029130: 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 0a20 2020 be displayed. \n+00029140: 2020 7368 6f77 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 showing all th\n+00029150: 6520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7769 7468 696e e entries within\n+00029160: 2074 6869 7320 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a0a this submenu...\n+00029170: 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 All options\n+00029180: 2061 7265 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 are the same as\n+00029190: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986d 656e 7565 in the ...menue\n+000291a0: 6e74 7279 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ntry... command \n+000291b0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 (*note. menu\n+000291c0: 656e 7472 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c entry::).....Fil\n+000291d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000291e0: 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d ode: Loader comm\n+000291f0: 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2047 656e ands, Next: Gen\n+00029200: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 eral commands, \n+00029210: 5072 6576 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 Prev: Menu-speci\n+00029220: 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 fic commands, U\n+00029230: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e p: Commands..17.\n+00029240: 3220 5661 7269 6f75 7320 6c6f 6164 6572 2 Various loader\n+00029250: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.======\n 00029260: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00029270: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 ========..These \n-00029280: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2075 7365 commands are use\n-00029290: 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6e65 6365 7373 d to load necess\n-000292a0: 6172 7920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 ary components t\n-000292b0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2064 6573 6972 6564 204f o boot desired O\n-000292c0: 532e 0a4d 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206c S..Many of the l\n-000292d0: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 oader commands a\n-000292e0: 7265 206e 6f74 2073 7566 6669 6369 656e re not sufficien\n-000292f0: 746c 7920 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2e20 tly documented. \n-00029300: 2054 6865 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 The.following i\n-00029310: 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d s a list of comm\n-00029320: 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 636f 756c 6420 ands that could \n-00029330: 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6f63 756d 656e use more documen\n-00029340: 7461 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tation:.. ... \n-00029350: e280 9861 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 ...appleloader..\n-00029360: 9920 2d20 426f 6f74 2042 494f 532d 6261 . - Boot BIOS-ba\n-00029370: 7365 6420 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 sed system.. .\n-00029380: 80a2 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 .. ...freedos...\n-00029390: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 444f 5320 - Load FreeDOS \n-000293a0: 6b65 726e 656c 2e73 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 kernel.sys.. .\n-000293b0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6c .. ...kfreebsd_l\n-000293c0: 6f61 6465 6e76 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 oadenv... - Load\n-000293d0: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2065 6e76 2e0a 2020 FreeBSD env.. \n-000293e0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 ... ...kfreebsd\n-000293f0: 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 202d _module_elf... -\n-00029400: 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 6b65 Load FreeBSD ke\n-00029410: 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 rnel module (ELF\n-00029420: 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 ).. ... ...kfr\n-00029430: 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 eebsd_module... \n-00029440: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b - Load FreeBSD k\n-00029450: 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 ernel module.. \n-00029460: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 ... ...kfreebsd\n-00029470: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 ... - Load kerne\n-00029480: 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2e0a 2020 l of FreeBSD.. \n-00029490: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f ... ...knetbsd_\n-000294a0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 9920 2d20 module_elf... - \n-000294b0: 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e Load NetBSD kern\n-000294c0: 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e el module (ELF).\n-000294d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 . ... ...knetb\n-000294e0: 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c sd_module... - L\n-000294f0: 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 oad NetBSD kerne\n-00029500: 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 l module.. ...\n-00029510: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 202d ...knetbsd... -\n-00029520: 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 Load kernel of \n-00029530: 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 NetBSD.. ... .\n-00029540: 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 e280 9920 2d20 ..kopenbsd... - \n-00029550: 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 204f Load kernel of O\n-00029560: 7065 6e42 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 penBSD.. ... .\n-00029570: 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 5f72 616d 6469 ..kopenbsd_ramdi\n-00029580: 736b e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 4f70 sk... - Load kOp\n-00029590: 656e 4253 4420 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 0a20 enBSD ramdisk.. \n-000295a0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f ... ...legacy_\n-000295b0: 696e 6974 7264 5f6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 e280 initrd_nounzip..\n-000295c0: 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 . - Simulate gru\n-000295d0: 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 6d6f 6475 6c65 b-legacy 'module\n-000295e0: 6e6f 756e 7a69 7027 0a20 2020 2020 636f nounzip'. co\n-000295f0: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 mmand. ... ...\n-00029600: 6c65 6761 6379 5f69 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 legacy_initrd...\n-00029610: 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 - Simulate grub\n-00029620: 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2769 6e69 7472 6427 -legacy 'initrd'\n-00029630: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 command. ... \n-00029640: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 6b65 726e 656c ...legacy_kernel\n-00029650: e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 ... - Simulate g\n-00029660: 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 6b65 726e rub-legacy 'kern\n-00029670: 656c 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 el' command. .\n-00029680: 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 32e2 8099 .. ...module2...\n-00029690: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 - Load a multib\n-000296a0: 6f6f 7420 3220 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 oot 2 module.. \n-000296b0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 ... ...module..\n-000296c0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 . - Load a multi\n-000296d0: 626f 6f74 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 boot module.. \n-000296e0: e280 a220 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 ... ...multiboot\n-000296f0: 32e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 2... - Load a mu\n-00029700: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 6b65 726e 656c ltiboot 2 kernel\n-00029710: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 6c74 .. ... ...mult\n-00029720: 6962 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 iboot... - Load \n-00029730: 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e a multiboot kern\n-00029740: 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e74 el.. ... ...nt\n-00029750: 6c64 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e54 ldr... - Load NT\n-00029760: 4c44 5220 6f72 2042 6f6f 744d 4752 2e0a LDR or BootMGR..\n-00029770: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 ... ...plan9.\n-00029780: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 506c 616e 3920 .. - Load Plan9 \n-00029790: 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 kernel.. ... .\n-000297a0: 8098 7078 6563 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 ..pxechainloader\n-000297b0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 2050 5845 ... - Load a PXE\n-000297c0: 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 image.. ... .\n-000297d0: 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 202d ..truecrypt... -\n-000297e0: 204c 6f61 6420 5472 7565 6372 7970 7420 Load Truecrypt \n-000297f0: 4953 4f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 ISO.. ... ...x\n-00029800: 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 6c36 34e2 8099 202d nu_kernel64... -\n-00029810: 204c 6f61 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 Load 64-bit XNU\n-00029820: 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 image.. ... .\n-00029830: 8098 786e 755f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 ..xnu_kernel... \n-00029840: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 - Load XNU image\n-00029850: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n-00029860: 6b65 7874 6469 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 kextdir... - Loa\n-00029870: 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 d XNU extension \n-00029880: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a20 2020 e280 directory.. ..\n-00029890: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 74e2 8099 . ...xnu_kext...\n-000298a0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 - Load XNU exte\n-000298b0: 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 nsion.. ... ..\n-000298c0: 9878 6e75 5f6d 6b65 7874 e280 9920 2d20 .xnu_mkext... - \n-000298d0: 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 Load XNU extensi\n-000298e0: 6f6e 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 on package.. .\n-000298f0: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 .. ...xnu_ramdis\n-00029900: 6be2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 k... - Load XNU \n-00029910: 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 2020 4974 2077 696c ramdisk. It wil\n-00029920: 6c20 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 l be available i\n-00029930: 6e20 4f53 2061 730a 2020 2020 206d 6430 n OS as. md0\n-00029940: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n-00029950: 7265 7375 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 resume... - Load\n-00029960: 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 6f66 2068 6962 an image of hib\n-00029970: 6572 6e61 7465 6420 584e 552e 0a20 2020 ernated XNU.. \n-00029980: e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f73 706c 6173 ... ...xnu_splas\n-00029990: 68e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 7370 h... - Load a sp\n-000299a0: 6c61 7368 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2058 lash image for X\n-000299b0: 4e55 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 NU...* Menu:..* \n-000299c0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 chainloader:: \n-000299d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 Ch\n-000299e0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 ain-load another\n-000299f0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a 2069 boot loader.* i\n-00029a00: 6e69 7472 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nitrd:: \n-00029a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n-00029a20: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 d a Linux initrd\n-00029a30: 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a20 2020 .* initrd16:: \n-00029a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029a50: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e Load a Linux in\n-00029a60: 6974 7264 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 itrd (16-bit mod\n-00029a70: 6529 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2020 2020 e).* linux:: \n+00029270: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 636f ======..These co\n+00029280: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 mmands are used \n+00029290: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 to load necessar\n+000292a0: 7920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6f20 y components to \n+000292b0: 626f 6f74 2064 6573 6972 6564 204f 532e boot desired OS.\n+000292c0: 0a4d 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6f61 .Many of the loa\n+000292d0: 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 der commands are\n+000292e0: 206e 6f74 2073 7566 6669 6369 656e 746c not sufficientl\n+000292f0: 7920 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2e20 2054 y documented. T\n+00029300: 6865 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 he.following is \n+00029310: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e a list of comman\n+00029320: 6473 2074 6861 7420 636f 756c 6420 7573 ds that could us\n+00029330: 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 e more documenta\n+00029340: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 tion:.. ... ..\n+00029350: 9861 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 .appleloader... \n+00029360: 2d20 426f 6f74 2042 494f 532d 6261 7365 - Boot BIOS-base\n+00029370: 6420 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 d system.. ...\n+00029380: 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 202d ...freedos... -\n+00029390: 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 444f 5320 6b65 Load FreeDOS ke\n+000293a0: 726e 656c 2e73 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rnel.sys.. ...\n+000293b0: 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6c 6f61 ...kfreebsd_loa\n+000293c0: 6465 6e76 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 denv... - Load F\n+000293d0: 7265 6542 5344 2065 6e76 2e0a 2020 20e2 reeBSD env.. .\n+000293e0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d .. ...kfreebsd_m\n+000293f0: 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 202d 204c odule_elf... - L\n+00029400: 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e oad FreeBSD kern\n+00029410: 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e el module (ELF).\n+00029420: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 . ... ...kfree\n+00029430: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 bsd_module... - \n+00029440: 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 Load FreeBSD ker\n+00029450: 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 nel module.. .\n+00029460: 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 e280 .. ...kfreebsd..\n+00029470: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 . - Load kernel \n+00029480: 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 of FreeBSD.. .\n+00029490: 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f .. ...knetbsd_mo\n+000294a0: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f dule_elf... - Lo\n+000294b0: 6164 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c ad NetBSD kernel\n+000294c0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 module (ELF).. \n+000294d0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 ... ...knetbsd\n+000294e0: 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 _module... - Loa\n+000294f0: 6420 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 d NetBSD kernel \n+00029500: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 module.. ... .\n+00029510: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c ..knetbsd... - L\n+00029520: 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4e65 oad kernel of Ne\n+00029530: 7442 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tBSD.. ... ...\n+00029540: 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f kopenbsd... - Lo\n+00029550: 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 204f 7065 ad kernel of Ope\n+00029560: 6e42 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 nBSD.. ... ...\n+00029570: 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 5f72 616d 6469 736b kopenbsd_ramdisk\n+00029580: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 4f70 656e ... - Load kOpen\n+00029590: 4253 4420 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 0a20 2020 BSD ramdisk.. \n+000295a0: e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 696e ... ...legacy_in\n+000295b0: 6974 7264 5f6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 e280 9920 itrd_nounzip... \n+000295c0: 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d - Simulate grub-\n+000295d0: 6c65 6761 6379 2027 6d6f 6475 6c65 6e6f legacy 'moduleno\n+000295e0: 756e 7a69 7027 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d unzip'. comm\n+000295f0: 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 and. ... ...le\n+00029600: 6761 6379 5f69 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 202d gacy_initrd... -\n+00029610: 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c Simulate grub-l\n+00029620: 6567 6163 7920 2769 6e69 7472 6427 2063 egacy 'initrd' c\n+00029630: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ommand. ... ..\n+00029640: 986c 6567 6163 795f 6b65 726e 656c e280 .legacy_kernel..\n+00029650: 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 . - Simulate gru\n+00029660: 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 6b65 726e 656c b-legacy 'kernel\n+00029670: 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 ' command. ...\n+00029680: 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 32e2 8099 202d ...module2... -\n+00029690: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Load a multiboo\n+000296a0: 7420 3220 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 t 2 module.. .\n+000296b0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 .. ...module... \n+000296c0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f - Load a multibo\n+000296d0: 6f74 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 ot module.. ..\n+000296e0: a220 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 32e2 . ...multiboot2.\n+000296f0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 .. - Load a mult\n+00029700: 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a iboot 2 kernel..\n+00029710: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 6c74 6962 ... ...multib\n+00029720: 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 oot... - Load a \n+00029730: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c multiboot kernel\n+00029740: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e74 6c64 .. ... ...ntld\n+00029750: 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e54 4c44 r... - Load NTLD\n+00029760: 5220 6f72 2042 6f6f 744d 4752 2e0a 2020 R or BootMGR.. \n+00029770: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 ... ...plan9...\n+00029780: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 506c 616e 3920 6b65 - Load Plan9 ke\n+00029790: 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 rnel.. ... ...\n+000297a0: 7078 6563 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 pxechainloader..\n+000297b0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 2050 5845 2069 . - Load a PXE i\n+000297c0: 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 mage.. ... ...\n+000297d0: 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 202d 204c truecrypt... - L\n+000297e0: 6f61 6420 5472 7565 6372 7970 7420 4953 oad Truecrypt IS\n+000297f0: 4f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 O.. ... ...xnu\n+00029800: 5f6b 6572 6e65 6c36 34e2 8099 202d 204c _kernel64... - L\n+00029810: 6f61 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2069 oad 64-bit XNU i\n+00029820: 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 mage.. ... ...\n+00029830: 786e 755f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 xnu_kernel... - \n+00029840: 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a Load XNU image..\n+00029850: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 ... ...xnu_ke\n+00029860: 7874 6469 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 xtdir... - Load \n+00029870: 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 6469 XNU extension di\n+00029880: 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 rectory.. ... \n+00029890: e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 74e2 8099 202d ...xnu_kext... -\n+000298a0: 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 Load XNU extens\n+000298b0: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 ion.. ... ...x\n+000298c0: 6e75 5f6d 6b65 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f nu_mkext... - Lo\n+000298d0: 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e ad XNU extension\n+000298e0: 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 package.. ...\n+000298f0: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 ...xnu_ramdisk.\n+00029900: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 7261 .. - Load XNU ra\n+00029910: 6d64 6973 6b2e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 mdisk. It will \n+00029920: 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 be available in \n+00029930: 4f53 2061 730a 2020 2020 206d 6430 2e0a OS as. md0..\n+00029940: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7265 ... ...xnu_re\n+00029950: 7375 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 sume... - Load a\n+00029960: 6e20 696d 6167 6520 6f66 2068 6962 6572 n image of hiber\n+00029970: 6e61 7465 6420 584e 552e 0a20 2020 e280 nated XNU.. ..\n+00029980: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f73 706c 6173 68e2 . ...xnu_splash.\n+00029990: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 7370 6c61 .. - Load a spla\n+000299a0: 7368 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 sh image for XNU\n+000299b0: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6368 ...* Menu:..* ch\n+000299c0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 ainloader:: \n+000299d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6169 Chai\n+000299e0: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 n-load another b\n+000299f0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a 2069 6e69 oot loader.* ini\n+00029a00: 7472 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 trd:: \n+00029a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n+00029a20: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 0a2a a Linux initrd.*\n+00029a30: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a20 2020 2020 initrd16:: \n+00029a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+00029a50: 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 oad a Linux init\n+00029a60: 7264 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 rd (16-bit mode)\n+00029a70: 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 .* linux:: \n 00029a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029a90: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 Load a Linux \n-00029aa0: 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3136 kernel.* linux16\n-00029ab0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00029ac0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 Load a Li\n-00029ad0: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2028 3136 2d62 nux kernel (16-b\n-00029ae0: 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 2078 656e 5f68 it mode).* xen_h\n-00029af0: 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 ypervisor:: \n-00029b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7865 Load xe\n-00029b10: 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2062 696e n hypervisor bin\n-00029b20: 6172 7920 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 ary (only on AAr\n-00029b30: 6368 3634 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 ch64).* xen_modu\n-00029b40: 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:: \n-00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 206d Load xen m\n-00029b60: 6f64 756c 6573 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 odules for xen h\n-00029b70: 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 286f 6e6c 7920 ypervisor (only \n-00029b80: 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a 0a1f 0a46 on AArch64)....F\n-00029b90: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00029ba0: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 Node: chainload\n-00029bb0: 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 er, Next: initr\n-00029bc0: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 d, Up: Loader c\n-00029bd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3120 ommands..17.2.1 \n-00029be0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d chainloader.----\n-00029bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00029c00: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6861 -- Command: cha\n-00029c10: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 205b 2d2d 666f 7263 inloader [--forc\n-00029c20: 655d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 732e 2e2e e] file [args...\n-00029c30: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 ]. Load FILE\n-00029c40: 2061 7320 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 as a chain-load\n-00029c50: 6572 2e20 204c 696b 6520 616e 7920 6f74 er. Like any ot\n-00029c60: 6865 7220 6669 6c65 206c 6f61 6465 6420 her file loaded \n-00029c70: 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 by the. file\n-00029c80: 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f64 652c 2069 7420 system code, it \n-00029c90: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6520 626c 6f63 can use the bloc\n-00029ca0: 6b6c 6973 7420 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2028 klist notation (\n-00029cb0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 *note Block. \n-00029cc0: 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 list syntax::) \n-00029cd0: 746f 2067 7261 6220 7468 6520 6669 7273 to grab the firs\n-00029ce0: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 t sector of the \n-00029cf0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f current partitio\n-00029d00: 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 e280 982b n. with ...+\n-00029d10: 31e2 8099 2e20 204f 6e20 4546 4920 706c 1.... On EFI pl\n-00029d20: 6174 666f 726d 732c 2061 6e79 2061 7267 atforms, any arg\n-00029d30: 756d 656e 7473 2061 6674 6572 2046 494c uments after FIL\n-00029d40: 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6e74 0a20 E will be sent. \n-00029d50: 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 to the loade\n-00029d60: 6420 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 d image... I\n-00029d70: 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 f you specify th\n-00029d80: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 666f e option ...--fo\n-00029d90: 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 rce..., then loa\n-00029da0: 6420 4649 4c45 2066 6f72 6369 626c 792c d FILE forcibly,\n-00029db0: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 . whether it\n-00029dc0: 2068 6173 2061 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2073 has a correct s\n-00029dd0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 206f 7220 6e6f 742e ignature or not.\n-00029de0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 This is requir\n-00029df0: 6564 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 ed when. you\n-00029e00: 2077 616e 7420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6120 want to load a \n-00029e10: 6465 6665 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 206c defective boot l\n-00029e20: 6f61 6465 722c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2053 oader, such as S\n-00029e30: 434f 2055 6e69 7857 6172 6520 372e 312e CO UnixWare 7.1.\n-00029e40: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00029e50: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 nfo, Node: init\n-00029e60: 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 rd, Next: initr\n-00029e70: 6431 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6169 d16, Prev: chai\n-00029e80: 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f nloader, Up: Lo\n-00029e90: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ader commands..1\n-00029ea0: 372e 322e 3220 696e 6974 7264 0a2d 2d2d 7.2.2 initrd.---\n-00029eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00029ec0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6420 Command: initrd \n-00029ed0: 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a file [file ...].\n-00029ee0: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 Load, in or\n-00029ef0: 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 der, all initrds\n-00029f00: 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 for a Linux ker\n-00029f10: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2073 nel image, and s\n-00029f20: 6574 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7072 et the. appr\n-00029f30: 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 opriate paramete\n-00029f40: 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 rs in the Linux \n-00029f50: 7365 7475 7020 6172 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 setup area in me\n-00029f60: 6d6f 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 790a mory. This may.\n-00029f70: 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 only be use\n-00029f80: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c d after the ...l\n-00029f90: 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 inux... command \n-00029fa0: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2920 (*note linux::) \n-00029fb0: 6861 7320 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7275 has been. ru\n-00029fc0: 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e n. See *note GN\n-00029fd0: 552f 4c69 6e75 783a 3a20 666f 7220 6d6f U/Linux:: for mo\n-00029fe0: 7265 2069 6e66 6f20 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 re info on booti\n-00029ff0: 6e67 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2e0a 2020 ng GNU/Linux.. \n-0002a000: 2020 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f For more info\n-0002a010: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 6e69 7472 rmation on initr\n-0002a020: 6473 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2f4c ds see the GNU/L\n-0002a030: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 inux kernel. \n-0002a040: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 documentation. \n-0002a050: 2020 2020 2868 7474 7073 3a2f 2f64 6f63 (https://doc\n-0002a060: 732e 6b65 726e 656c 2e6f 7267 2f66 696c s.kernel.org/fil\n-0002a070: 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2f72 616d 6673 2d72 esystems/ramfs-r\n-0002a080: 6f6f 7466 732d 696e 6974 7261 6d66 732e ootfs-initramfs.\n-0002a090: 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 206e html)... A n\n-0002a0a0: 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 7472 6420 ew-style initrd \n-0002a0b0: 2866 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206e 6577 (for kernels new\n-0002a0c0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 322e 3629 2063 6f6e er than 2.6) con\n-0002a0d0: 7461 696e 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 6669 6c65 taining one file\n-0002a0e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 206c 6561 6469 . with leadi\n-0002a0f0: 6e67 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ng path componen\n-0002a100: 7473 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 2067 ts can also be g\n-0002a110: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7420 7275 6e20 enerated at run \n-0002a120: 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 time.. This \n-0002a130: 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2070 can be done by p\n-0002a140: 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2061 6e20 6172 6775 refixing an argu\n-0002a150: 6d65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 e280 986e 6577 ment with ...new\n-0002a160: 633a e280 9920 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 c:... followed b\n-0002a170: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 y. the path \n-0002a180: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 696e 2074 of the file in t\n-0002a190: 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2061 he new initrd, a\n-0002a1a0: 20e2 8098 3ae2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7468 ...:..., and th\n-0002a1b0: 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 en the GRUB. \n-0002a1c0: 2066 696c 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 file path to th\n-0002a1d0: 6520 6669 6c65 2064 6174 6120 746f 2062 e file data to b\n-0002a1e0: 6520 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 642e 0a0a e be included...\n-0002a1f0: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 For example\n-0002a200: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 :. init\n-0002a210: 7264 206e 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 rd newc:/etc/ssh\n-0002a220: 2f63 6f6e 6669 673a 2868 6430 2c32 292f /config:(hd0,2)/\n-0002a230: 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 home/user/.ssh/c\n-0002a240: 6f6e 6669 6720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 onfig \\. \n-0002a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 633a 2f65 newc:/e\n-0002a260: 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f tc/ssh/ssh_host_\n-0002a270: 7273 615f 6b65 793a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 rsa_key:/etc/ssh\n-0002a280: 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 /ssh_host_rsa_ke\n-0002a290: 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y \\. \n-0002a2a0: 2020 2020 202f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 /boot/initr\n-0002a2b0: 642e 677a 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d.gz \\. \n-0002a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7763 3a2f 696e newc:/in\n-0002a2d0: 6974 3a2f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e it:/home/user/in\n-0002a2e0: 6974 2e66 6978 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 it.fixed.. T\n-0002a2f0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c his command will\n-0002a300: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 7477 6f20 6e65 generate two ne\n-0002a310: 772d 7374 796c 6520 696e 6974 7264 7320 w-style initrds \n-0002a320: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6c79 2e20 2054 6865 on the fly. The\n-0002a330: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 636f 6e74 . first cont\n-0002a340: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 ains the path ..\n-0002a350: 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 ./etc/ssh/config\n-0002a360: e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e ... with the con\n-0002a370: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 tents of. ..\n-0002a380: 9828 6864 302c 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 .(hd0,2)/home/us\n-0002a390: 6572 2f2e 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 er/.ssh/config..\n-0002a3a0: 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7061 7468 0a20 . and the path. \n-0002a3b0: 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f .../etc/ssh/\n-0002a3c0: 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 ssh_host_rsa_key\n-0002a3d0: e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e ... with the con\n-0002a3e0: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 tents of. ..\n-0002a3f0: 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f ./etc/ssh/ssh_ho\n-0002a400: 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 6f6e st_rsa_key... on\n-0002a410: 2074 6865 2052 4f4f 5420 6465 7669 6365 the ROOT device\n-0002a420: 2e20 2050 6172 656e 7420 6469 7265 6374 . Parent direct\n-0002a430: 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6873 2077 ory. paths w\n-0002a440: 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c ill automaticall\n-0002a450: 7920 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 y be generated a\n-0002a460: 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 s needed. This \n-0002a470: 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 2067 656e 6572 first. gener\n-0002a480: 6174 6564 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 6c6c ated initrd will\n-0002a490: 2074 6865 6e20 6861 7665 20e2 8098 2f62 then have .../b\n-0002a4a0: 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7ae2 8099 oot/initrd.gz...\n-0002a4b0: 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 640a 2020 concatenated. \n-0002a4c0: 2020 2061 6674 6572 2069 742e 2020 4e65 after it. Ne\n-0002a4d0: 7874 2c20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 772d xt, another new-\n-0002a4e0: 7374 796c 6520 6172 6368 6976 6520 7769 style archive wi\n-0002a4f0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 ll be generated \n-0002a500: 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f with. the co\n-0002a510: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 982f 686f ntents of .../ho\n-0002a520: 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 me/user/init.fix\n-0002a530: 6564 e280 9920 696e 2074 6865 2070 6174 ed... in the pat\n-0002a540: 6820 e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 616e h .../init... an\n-0002a550: 640a 2020 2020 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 d. appended \n-0002a560: 746f 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 to the previous \n-0002a570: 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 concatenation. \n-0002a580: 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 2072 6573 Finally, the res\n-0002a590: 756c 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6265 ult will. be\n-0002a5a0: 2073 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 sent to the ker\n-0002a5b0: 6e65 6c20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 642e nel when booted.\n-0002a5c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204b 6565 7020 696e 206d .. Keep in m\n-0002a5d0: 696e 6420 7468 6174 2070 6174 6873 2074 ind that paths t\n-0002a5e0: 6861 7420 636f 6d65 206c 6174 6572 2077 hat come later w\n-0002a5f0: 696c 6c20 7461 6b65 2070 7265 6365 6465 ill take precede\n-0002a600: 6e63 652e 2020 536f 0a20 2020 2020 696e nce. So. in\n-0002a610: 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2061 626f the example abo\n-0002a620: 7665 2c20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 ve, the generate\n-0002a630: 6420 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 d path .../init.\n-0002a640: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 7772 6974 .. will overwrit\n-0002a650: 6520 616e 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f69 e any. .../i\n-0002a660: 6e69 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f nit... in .../bo\n-0002a670: 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a e280 992e ot/initrd.gz....\n-0002a680: 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 This can be us\n-0002a690: 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6368 616e 6769 eful when changi\n-0002a6a0: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 696e ng the. main\n-0002a6b0: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6973 2075 6e64 6573 initrd is undes\n-0002a6c0: 6972 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6469 6666 6963 irable or diffic\n-0002a6d0: 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ult.....File: gr\n-0002a6e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002a6f0: 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a initrd16, Next:\n-0002a700: 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 linux, Prev: i\n-0002a710: 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 nitrd, Up: Load\n-0002a720: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e er commands..17.\n-0002a730: 322e 3320 696e 6974 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2.3 initrd16.---\n-0002a740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002a750: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 - Command: initr\n-0002a760: 6431 3620 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e d16 file [file .\n-0002a770: 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 ..]. Load, i\n-0002a780: 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 n order, all ini\n-0002a790: 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 trds for a Linux\n-0002a7a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f kernel image to\n-0002a7b0: 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 0a20 2020 2020 be booted. \n-0002a7c0: 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 in 16-bit mode, \n-0002a7d0: 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 6170 7072 and set the appr\n-0002a7e0: 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 opriate paramete\n-0002a7f0: 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a rs in the Linux.\n-0002a800: 2020 2020 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 6120 setup area \n-0002a810: 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 6973 in memory. This\n-0002a820: 206d 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 may only be use\n-0002a830: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c d after the ...l\n-0002a840: 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 inux16.... c\n-0002a850: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 ommand (*note li\n-0002a860: 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 nux16::) has bee\n-0002a870: 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f n run. See also\n-0002a880: 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 *note GNU/Linux\n-0002a890: 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 ::. and the \n-0002a8a0: e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d ...initrd... com\n-0002a8b0: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 mand (*note init\n-0002a8c0: 7264 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 rd::) for more d\n-0002a8d0: 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 etails on. a\n-0002a8e0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 rguments... \n-0002a8f0: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n-0002a900: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n-0002a910: 6e20 7468 6520 7063 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 n the pc platfor\n-0002a920: 6d20 666f 7220 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d m for x86 system\n-0002a930: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0002a940: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .info, Node: li\n-0002a950: 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 nux, Next: linu\n-0002a960: 7831 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 x16, Prev: init\n-0002a970: 7264 3136 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 rd16, Up: Loade\n-0002a980: 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 r commands..17.2\n-0002a990: 2e34 206c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4 linux.-------\n-0002a9a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002a9b0: 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 7820 6669 6c65 202e nd: linux file .\n-0002a9c0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c ... Load a L\n-0002a9d0: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 inux kernel imag\n-0002a9e0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 e from FILE. Th\n-0002a9f0: 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 e rest of the li\n-0002aa00: 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 ne is. passe\n-0002aa10: 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 d verbatim as th\n-0002aa20: 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d e ...kernel comm\n-0002aa30: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e and-line.... An\n-0002aa40: 7920 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 6265 y initrd must be\n-0002aa50: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 . reloaded a\n-0002aa60: 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 fter using this \n-0002aa70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 command (*note i\n-0002aa80: 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 nitrd::)... \n-0002aa90: 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 On x86 systems, \n-0002aaa0: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c20 the kernel will \n-0002aab0: 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 be booted using \n-0002aac0: 7468 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a the 32-bit boot.\n-0002aad0: 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 protocol. \n-0002aae0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 206d Note that this m\n-0002aaf0: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 eans that the ..\n-0002ab00: 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 .vga=... boot op\n-0002ab10: 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e tion will. n\n-0002ab20: 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b 2069 6620 796f 7520 ot work; if you \n-0002ab30: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7370 want to set a sp\n-0002ab40: 6563 6961 6c20 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 ecial video mode\n-0002ab50: 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 , you will need \n-0002ab60: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 4752 5542 to. use GRUB\n-0002ab70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 commands such a\n-0002ab80: 7320 e280 9873 6574 2067 6678 7061 796c s ...set gfxpayl\n-0002ab90: 6f61 643d 3130 3234 7837 3638 e280 9920 oad=1024x768... \n-0002aba0: 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 740a 2020 2020 2067 or ...set. g\n-0002abb0: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 e280 fxpayload=keep..\n-0002abc0: 9920 2874 6f20 6b65 6570 2074 6865 2073 . (to keep the s\n-0002abd0: 616d 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 7573 6564 ame mode as used\n-0002abe0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2920 696e 7374 6561 in GRUB) instea\n-0002abf0: 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e d.. GRUB can\n-0002ac00: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 automatically d\n-0002ac10: 6574 6563 7420 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7320 etect some uses \n-0002ac20: 6f66 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 616e of ...vga=... an\n-0002ac30: 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 650a 2020 2020 d translate. \n-0002ac40: 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2061 7070 726f 7072 them to appropr\n-0002ac50: 6961 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 7320 6f66 iate settings of\n-0002ac60: 20e2 8098 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 e280 ...gfxpayload..\n-0002ac70: 992e 2020 5468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 .. The ...linux\n-0002ac80: 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 16.... comma\n-0002ac90: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 nd (*note linux1\n-0002aca0: 363a 3a29 2061 766f 6964 7320 7468 6973 6::) avoids this\n-0002acb0: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f restriction....\n-0002acc0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002acd0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 , Node: linux16\n-0002ace0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 , Next: xen_hyp\n-0002acf0: 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ervisor, Prev: \n-0002ad00: 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 linux, Up: Load\n-0002ad10: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e er commands..17.\n-0002ad20: 322e 3520 6c69 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2.5 linux16.----\n-0002ad30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002ad40: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 3136 Command: linux16\n-0002ad50: 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c file .... L\n-0002ad60: 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e oad a Linux kern\n-0002ad70: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 el image from FI\n-0002ad80: 4c45 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 LE in 16-bit mod\n-0002ad90: 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 660a e. The rest of.\n-0002ada0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 the line is\n-0002adb0: 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d passed verbatim\n-0002adc0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 as the ...kerne\n-0002add0: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 l command-line..\n-0002ade0: 9d2e 2020 416e 790a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 .. Any. ini\n-0002adf0: 7472 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7265 6c6f trd must be relo\n-0002ae00: 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 aded after using\n-0002ae10: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a this command (*\n-0002ae20: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 note. initrd\n-0002ae30: 3136 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 16::)... The\n-0002ae40: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 kernel will be \n-0002ae50: 626f 6f74 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 booted using the\n-0002ae60: 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2031 362d traditional 16-\n-0002ae70: 6269 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 bit boot. pr\n-0002ae80: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2041 7320 7765 6c6c otocol. As well\n-0002ae90: 2061 7320 6279 7061 7373 696e 6720 7072 as bypassing pr\n-0002aea0: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 e280 9876 oblems with ...v\n-0002aeb0: 6761 3de2 8099 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 ga=... described\n-0002aec0: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 202a 6e6f 7465 206c in. *note l\n-0002aed0: 696e 7578 3a3a 2c20 7468 6973 2070 6572 inux::, this per\n-0002aee0: 6d69 7473 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d mits booting som\n-0002aef0: 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 e other programs\n-0002af00: 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2069 6d70 6c65 that. imple\n-0002af10: 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 2062 ment the Linux b\n-0002af20: 6f6f 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2066 6f72 oot protocol for\n-0002af30: 2074 6865 2073 616b 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e the sake of con\n-0002af40: 7665 6e69 656e 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 venience... \n-0002af50: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n-0002af60: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n-0002af70: 6e20 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a n x86 systems...\n-0002af80: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002af90: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 o, Node: xen_hy\n-0002afa0: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a pervisor, Next:\n-0002afb0: 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 xen_module, Pr\n-0002afc0: 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5570 ev: linux16, Up\n-0002afd0: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n-0002afe0: 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3620 7865 6e5f 6879 s..17.2.6 xen_hy\n-0002aff0: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d pervisor.-------\n-0002b000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002b010: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e -- Command: xen\n-0002b020: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6669 6c65 _hypervisor file\n-0002b030: 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 202e 2e2e [arguments] ...\n-0002b040: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2058 656e . Load a Xen\n-0002b050: 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6269 6e61 hypervisor bina\n-0002b060: 7279 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 ry from FILE. T\n-0002b070: 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c he rest of the l\n-0002b080: 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 ine is. pass\n-0002b090: 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 ed verbatim as t\n-0002b0a0: 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d he ...kernel com\n-0002b0b0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 mand-line.... A\n-0002b0c0: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 696e 6172 6965 ny other binarie\n-0002b0d0: 730a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 2072 s. must be r\n-0002b0e0: 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 eloaded after us\n-0002b0f0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ing this command\n-0002b100: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n-0002b110: 6973 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 7661 is only. ava\n-0002b120: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 ilable on AArch6\n-0002b130: 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 4 systems.....Fi\n-0002b140: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002b150: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 Node: xen_module\n-0002b160: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 , Prev: xen_hyp\n-0002b170: 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f ervisor, Up: Lo\n-0002b180: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ader commands..1\n-0002b190: 372e 322e 3720 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 7.2.7 xen_module\n-0002b1a0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002b1b0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002b1c0: 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e xen_module [--n\n-0002b1d0: 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 ounzip] file [ar\n-0002b1e0: 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f guments]. Lo\n-0002b1f0: 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 ad a module for \n-0002b200: 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2061 xen hypervisor a\n-0002b210: 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7072 t the booting pr\n-0002b220: 6f63 6573 7320 6f66 2078 656e 2e0a 2020 ocess of xen.. \n-0002b230: 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 The rest of t\n-0002b240: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 he line is passe\n-0002b250: 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 d verbatim as th\n-0002b260: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e module command\n-0002b270: 206c 696e 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6475 line.. Modu\n-0002b280: 6c65 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c6f les should be lo\n-0002b290: 6164 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c aded in the foll\n-0002b2a0: 6f77 696e 6720 6f72 6465 723a 202d 2064 owing order: - d\n-0002b2b0: 6f6d 3020 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 om0 kernel. \n-0002b2c0: 696d 6167 6520 2d20 646f 6d30 2072 616d image - dom0 ram\n-0002b2d0: 6469 736b 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 disk if present \n-0002b2e0: 2d20 5853 4d20 706f 6c69 6379 2069 6620 - XSM policy if \n-0002b2f0: 7072 6573 656e 7420 5468 6973 0a20 2020 present This. \n-0002b300: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c command is onl\n-0002b310: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 y available on A\n-0002b320: 4172 6368 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a Arch64 systems..\n-0002b330: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002b340: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 fo, Node: Gener\n-0002b350: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 al commands, Ne\n-0002b360: 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 xt: Command-line\n-0002b370: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 commands, Prev\n-0002b380: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n-0002b390: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 s, Up: Commands\n-0002b3a0: 0a0a 3137 2e33 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 ..17.3 General c\n-0002b3b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ommands.========\n-0002b3c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 =============..C\n-0002b3d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7573 6162 6c65 2061 ommands usable a\n-0002b3e0: 6e79 7768 6572 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d nywhere in the m\n-0002b3f0: 656e 7520 616e 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 enu and in the c\n-0002b400: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2a20 ommand-line...* \n-0002b410: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a Menu:..* serial:\n-0002b420: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002b430: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2075 7020 6120 Set up a \n-0002b440: 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 650a 2a20 serial device.* \n-0002b450: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a terminal_input::\n-0002b460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 Ma\n-0002b470: 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 nage input termi\n-0002b480: 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f nals.* terminal_\n-0002b490: 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 output:: \n-0002b4a0: 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 6f75 7470 Manage outp\n-0002b4b0: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 ut terminals.* t\n-0002b4c0: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 erminfo:: \n-0002b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6566 Def\n-0002b4e0: 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 ine terminal typ\n-0002b4f0: 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e e....File: grub.\n-0002b500: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6572 info, Node: ser\n-0002b510: 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d ial, Next: term\n-0002b520: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a inal_input, Up:\n-0002b530: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n-0002b540: 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3120 7365 7269 616c s..17.3.1 serial\n-0002b550: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n-0002b560: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6572 -- Command: ser\n-0002b570: 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 6e69 743d 756e 6974 ial [--unit=unit\n-0002b580: 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 743d 706f 7274 5d20 ] [--port=port] \n-0002b590: 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 3d73 7065 6564 5d0a [--speed=speed].\n-0002b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d77 6f72 [--wor\n-0002b5b0: 643d 776f 7264 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6172 6974 d=word] [--parit\n-0002b5c0: 793d 7061 7269 7479 5d20 5b2d 2d73 746f y=parity] [--sto\n-0002b5d0: 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a 2020 2020 2049 6e69 p=stop]. Ini\n-0002b5e0: 7469 616c 697a 6520 6120 7365 7269 616c tialize a serial\n-0002b5f0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 554e 4954 2069 device. UNIT i\n-0002b600: 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 s a number in th\n-0002b610: 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d 330a 2020 2020 e range 0-3. \n-0002b620: 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7768 6963 specifying whic\n-0002b630: 6820 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 746f h serial port to\n-0002b640: 2075 7365 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 use; default is\n-0002b650: 2030 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2063 0, which. c\n-0002b660: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7468 orresponds to th\n-0002b670: 6520 706f 7274 206f 6674 656e 2063 616c e port often cal\n-0002b680: 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 led COM1... \n-0002b690: 504f 5254 2069 7320 7468 6520 492f 4f20 PORT is the I/O \n-0002b6a0: 706f 7274 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2055 port where the U\n-0002b6b0: 4152 5420 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6f75 ART is to be fou\n-0002b6c0: 6e64 206f 722c 2069 6620 7072 6566 6978 nd or, if prefix\n-0002b6d0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 20e2 8098 ed. with ...\n-0002b6e0: 6d6d 696f 2ce2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4d4d mmio,..., the MM\n-0002b6f0: 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 IO address of th\n-0002b700: 6520 5541 5254 2e20 4966 2073 7065 6369 e UART. If speci\n-0002b710: 6669 6564 2069 7420 7461 6b65 730a 2020 fied it takes. \n-0002b720: 2020 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 6520 6f76 precedence ov\n-0002b730: 6572 2055 4e49 542e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 er UNIT... A\n-0002b740: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 6e20 dditionally, an \n-0002b750: 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 616e MMIO address can\n-0002b760: 2062 6520 7375 6666 6978 6564 2077 6974 be suffixed wit\n-0002b770: 683a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 h:. ... .\n-0002b780: 8098 2e62 e280 9920 666f 7220 6279 7465 ...b... for byte\n-0002b790: 7320 6163 6365 7373 2028 6465 6661 756c s access (defaul\n-0002b7a0: 7429 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 t). ... .\n-0002b7b0: 8098 2e77 e280 9920 666f 7220 3136 2d62 ...w... for 16-b\n-0002b7c0: 6974 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a20 it word access. \n-0002b7d0: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e6c ... ....l\n-0002b7e0: e280 9920 666f 7220 3332 2d62 6974 206c ... for 32-bit l\n-0002b7f0: 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 7320 ong word access \n-0002b800: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 or. ... .\n-0002b810: 8098 2e71 e280 9920 666f 7220 3634 2d62 ...q... for 64-b\n-0002b820: 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 it long long wor\n-0002b830: 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 d access.. A\n-0002b840: 6c73 6f2c 2050 4f52 5420 6361 6e20 6265 lso, PORT can be\n-0002b850: 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 20e2 8098 of the form ...\n-0002b860: 7063 692c 5858 3a58 582e 58e2 8099 2074 pci,XX:XX.X... t\n-0002b870: 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2061 2073 6572 o indicate a ser\n-0002b880: 6961 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 ial. device \n-0002b890: 6578 706f 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2050 exposed on the P\n-0002b8a0: 4349 2062 7573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5350 CI bus... SP\n-0002b8b0: 4545 4420 6973 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 EED is the trans\n-0002b8c0: 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 7370 6565 643b 2064 mission speed; d\n-0002b8d0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3936 3030 2e20 efault is 9600. \n-0002b8e0: 2057 4f52 4420 616e 6420 5354 4f50 0a20 WORD and STOP. \n-0002b8f0: 2020 2020 6172 6520 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 are the numb\n-0002b900: 6572 206f 6620 6461 7461 2062 6974 7320 er of data bits \n-0002b910: 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 732e 2020 and stop bits. \n-0002b920: 4461 7461 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 Data bits must b\n-0002b930: 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7261 e in. the ra\n-0002b940: 6e67 6520 352d 3820 616e 6420 7374 6f70 nge 5-8 and stop\n-0002b950: 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 3120 bits must be 1 \n-0002b960: 6f72 2032 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 or 2. Default i\n-0002b970: 7320 3820 6461 7461 2062 6974 730a 2020 s 8 data bits. \n-0002b980: 2020 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 2073 746f 7020 and one stop \n-0002b990: 6269 742e 2020 5041 5249 5459 2069 7320 bit. PARITY is \n-0002b9a0: 6f6e 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 992c one of ...no...,\n-0002b9b0: 20e2 8098 6f64 64e2 8099 2c20 e280 9865 ...odd..., ...e\n-0002b9c0: 7665 6ee2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 ven... and. \n-0002b9d0: 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 986e defaults to ...n\n-0002b9e0: 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 o...... The \n-0002b9f0: 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 206e serial port is n\n-0002ba00: 6f74 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6d ot used as a com\n-0002ba10: 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e munication chann\n-0002ba20: 656c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 650a 2020 el unless the. \n-0002ba30: 2020 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 ...terminal_i\n-0002ba40: 6e70 7574 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 nput... or ...te\n-0002ba50: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 rminal_output...\n-0002ba60: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7573 6564 command is used\n-0002ba70: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 (*note. ter\n-0002ba80: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a2c 202a minal_input::, *\n-0002ba90: 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 note terminal_ou\n-0002baa0: 7470 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e tput::)... N\n-0002bab0: 6f74 652c 2076 616c 6964 2050 4f52 5420 ote, valid PORT \n-0002bac0: 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 6578 636c 7564 696e values, excludin\n-0002bad0: 6720 494f 2070 6f72 7420 6164 6472 6573 g IO port addres\n-0002bae0: 7365 732c 2063 616e 2062 6520 666f 756e ses, can be foun\n-0002baf0: 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 6c69 7374 696e d. by listin\n-0002bb00: 6720 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 7769 7468 g terminals with\n-0002bb10: 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 ...terminal_out\n-0002bb20: 7075 74e2 8099 2c20 7365 6c65 6374 696e put..., selectin\n-0002bb30: 6720 616c 6c20 6e61 6d65 730a 2020 2020 g all names. \n-0002bb40: 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 20e2 8098 prefixed by ...\n-0002bb50: 7365 7269 616c 5fe2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 serial_... and r\n-0002bb60: 656d 6f76 696e 6720 7468 6174 2070 7265 emoving that pre\n-0002bb70: 6669 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7861 6d70 fix... Examp\n-0002bb80: 6c65 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 les:. s\n-0002bb90: 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d30 7833 erial --port=0x3\n-0002bba0: 6638 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 3630 300a f8 --speed=9600.\n-0002bbb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c serial\n-0002bbc0: 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 6d6d 696f 2c66 6566 --port=mmio,fef\n-0002bbd0: 6230 3030 302e 6c20 2d2d 7370 6565 643d b0000.l --speed=\n-0002bbe0: 3131 3532 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 115200. \n-0002bbf0: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 serial --port=p\n-0002bc00: 6369 2c30 303a 3136 2e33 202d 2d73 7065 ci,00:16.3 --spe\n-0002bc10: 6564 3d31 3135 3230 300a 0a20 2020 2020 ed=115200.. \n-0002bc20: 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2053 See also *note S\n-0002bc30: 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 3a3a erial terminal::\n-0002bc40: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002bc50: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 info, Node: ter\n-0002bc60: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 4e65 minal_input, Ne\n-0002bc70: 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 xt: terminal_out\n-0002bc80: 7075 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 7269 put, Prev: seri\n-0002bc90: 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c al, Up: General\n-0002bca0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e commands..17.3.\n-0002bcb0: 3220 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2 terminal_input\n-0002bcc0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002bcd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002bce0: 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e and: terminal_in\n-0002bcf0: 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d put [--append|--\n-0002bd00: 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 remove] [termina\n-0002bd10: 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a l1] [terminal2].\n-0002bd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 .... \n-0002bd30: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 List or selec\n-0002bd40: 7420 616e 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 t an input termi\n-0002bd50: 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 nal... With \n-0002bd60: 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 no arguments, li\n-0002bd70: 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e st the active an\n-0002bd80: 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 7075 d available inpu\n-0002bd90: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 t terminals... \n-0002bda0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 With ...--app\n-0002bdb0: 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 end..., add the \n-0002bdc0: 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 named terminals \n-0002bdd0: 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 to the list of a\n-0002bde0: 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e70 7574 ctive. input\n-0002bdf0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616e 7920 terminals; any \n-0002be00: 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206d 6179 2062 6520 of these may be \n-0002be10: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 used to provide \n-0002be20: 696e 7075 7420 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a input to GRUB...\n-0002be30: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d72 With ...--r\n-0002be40: 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 emove..., remove\n-0002be50: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 the named termi\n-0002be60: 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6163 nals from the ac\n-0002be70: 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 tive list... \n-0002be80: 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e73 With no options\n-0002be90: 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 but a list of t\n-0002bea0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c 206d erminal names, m\n-0002beb0: 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c 6973 ake only the lis\n-0002bec0: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ted. termina\n-0002bed0: 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 2e0a l names active..\n-0002bee0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002bef0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 fo, Node: termi\n-0002bf00: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 204e 6578 nal_output, Nex\n-0002bf10: 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 t: terminfo, Pr\n-0002bf20: 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ev: terminal_inp\n-0002bf30: 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c ut, Up: General\n-0002bf40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e commands..17.3.\n-0002bf50: 3320 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 3 terminal_outpu\n-0002bf60: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-0002bf70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002bf80: 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f mmand: terminal_\n-0002bf90: 6f75 7470 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 output [--append\n-0002bfa0: 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 726d |--remove] [term\n-0002bfb0: 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c inal1] [terminal\n-0002bfc0: 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 2]. ...\n-0002bfd0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 7365 . List or se\n-0002bfe0: 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 6f75 7470 7574 2074 lect an output t\n-0002bff0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 erminal... W\n-0002c000: 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ith no arguments\n-0002c010: 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 , list the activ\n-0002c020: 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 e and available \n-0002c030: 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 output terminals\n-0002c040: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 ... With ...\n-0002c050: 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 992c 2061 6464 --append..., add\n-0002c060: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 the named termi\n-0002c070: 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 nals to the list\n-0002c080: 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 of active. \n-0002c090: 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 output terminals\n-0002c0a0: 3b20 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2077 ; all of these w\n-0002c0b0: 696c 6c20 7265 6365 6976 6520 6f75 7470 ill receive outp\n-0002c0c0: 7574 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 ut from GRUB... \n-0002c0d0: 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 With ...--re\n-0002c0e0: 6d6f 7665 e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 move..., remove \n-0002c0f0: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e the named termin\n-0002c100: 616c 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 als from the act\n-0002c110: 6976 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ive list... \n-0002c120: 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 With no options \n-0002c130: 6275 7420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 but a list of te\n-0002c140: 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 rminal names, ma\n-0002c150: 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 ke only the list\n-0002c160: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c ed. terminal\n-0002c170: 206e 616d 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a names active...\n-0002c180: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002c190: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e o, Node: termin\n-0002c1a0: 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 6d69 fo, Prev: termi\n-0002c1b0: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2055 703a nal_output, Up:\n-0002c1c0: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n-0002c1d0: 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3420 7465 726d 696e s..17.3.4 termin\n-0002c1e0: 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fo.-------------\n-0002c1f0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002c200: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 5b2d 617c 2d75 terminfo [-a|-u\n-0002c210: 7c2d 765d 205b 2d67 2057 7848 5d20 5b74 |-v] [-g WxH] [t\n-0002c220: 6572 6d5d 205b 7479 7065 5d0a 2020 2020 erm] [type]. \n-0002c230: 2044 6566 696e 6520 7468 6520 6361 7061 Define the capa\n-0002c240: 6269 6c69 7469 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 bilities of your\n-0002c250: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6279 2067 6976 terminal by giv\n-0002c260: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 ing the name of \n-0002c270: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 696e an. entry in\n-0002c280: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 6461 the terminfo da\n-0002c290: 7461 6261 7365 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7368 tabase, which sh\n-0002c2a0: 6f75 6c64 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 ould correspond \n-0002c2b0: 726f 7567 686c 7920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 roughly to. \n-0002c2c0: 6120 e280 9854 4552 4de2 8099 2065 6e76 a ...TERM... env\n-0002c2d0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0002c2e0: 6520 696e 2055 6e69 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 e in Unix... \n-0002c2f0: 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 The currently a\n-0002c300: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 vailable termina\n-0002c310: 6c20 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 9876 l types are ...v\n-0002c320: 7431 3030 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7674 3130 t100..., ...vt10\n-0002c330: 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 0-color...,. \n-0002c340: 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 992c ...ieee1275...,\n-0002c350: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 992e and ...dumb....\n-0002c360: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 6f74 If you need ot\n-0002c370: 6865 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 her terminal typ\n-0002c380: 6573 2c20 706c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 2020 es, please. \n-0002c390: 636f 6e74 6163 7420 7573 2074 6f20 6469 contact us to di\n-0002c3a0: 7363 7573 7320 7468 6520 6265 7374 2077 scuss the best w\n-0002c3b0: 6179 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7375 ay to include su\n-0002c3c0: 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 pport for these \n-0002c3d0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 in. GRUB... \n-0002c3e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 61e2 8099 The ...-a...\n-0002c3f0: 2028 e280 982d 2d61 7363 6969 e280 9929 (...--ascii...)\n-0002c400: 2c20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 2028 e280 982d , ...-u... (...-\n-0002c410: 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 -utf8...), and .\n-0002c420: 8098 2d76 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 7669 ..-v... (...--vi\n-0002c430: 7375 616c 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 290a 2020 sual-utf8...). \n-0002c440: 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2063 6f6e 7472 options contr\n-0002c450: 6f6c 2068 6f77 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 ol how non-ASCII\n-0002c460: 2074 6578 7420 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 text is display\n-0002c470: 6564 2e20 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 7370 ed. ...-a... sp\n-0002c480: 6563 6966 6965 7320 616e 0a20 2020 2020 ecifies an. \n-0002c490: 4153 4349 492d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6572 6d69 ASCII-only termi\n-0002c4a0: 6e61 6c3b 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 7370 nal; ...-u... sp\n-0002c4b0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 6c6f 6769 6361 6c6c ecifies logicall\n-0002c4c0: 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d 383b y-ordered UTF-8;\n-0002c4d0: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 76e2 and. ...-v.\n-0002c4e0: 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2022 7669 .. specifies \"vi\n-0002c4f0: 7375 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 6564 2055 sually-ordered U\n-0002c500: 5446 2d38 2220 2869 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 TF-8\" (in other \n-0002c510: 776f 7264 732c 2061 7272 616e 6765 640a words, arranged.\n-0002c520: 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 2061 such that a\n-0002c530: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 terminal emulat\n-0002c540: 6f72 2077 6974 686f 7574 2062 6964 6972 or without bidir\n-0002c550: 6563 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6578 7420 7375 ectional text su\n-0002c560: 7070 6f72 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 pport. will \n-0002c570: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7269 6768 742d 746f display right-to\n-0002c580: 2d6c 6566 7420 7465 7874 2069 6e20 7468 -left text in th\n-0002c590: 6520 7072 6f70 6572 206f 7264 6572 3b20 e proper order; \n-0002c5a0: 7468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 this is not. \n-0002c5b0: 2072 6561 6c6c 7920 7072 6f70 6572 2055 really proper U\n-0002c5c0: 5446 2d38 2c20 6275 7420 6120 776f 726b TF-8, but a work\n-0002c5d0: 6172 6f75 6e64 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 around)... T\n-0002c5e0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d67 e280 9920 28e2 8098 he ...-g... (...\n-0002c5f0: 2d2d 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 e280 9929 2063 --geometry...) c\n-0002c600: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7370 an be used to sp\n-0002c610: 6563 6966 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c 2067 ecify terminal g\n-0002c620: 656f 6d65 7472 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 eometry... I\n-0002c630: 6620 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f72 2074 f no option or t\n-0002c640: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 2069 7320 erminal type is \n-0002c650: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 2063 specified, the c\n-0002c660: 7572 7265 6e74 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a urrent terminal.\n-0002c670: 2020 2020 2074 7970 6520 6973 2070 7269 type is pri\n-0002c680: 6e74 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nted.....File: g\n-0002c690: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002c6a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0002c6b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e mmands, Next: N\n-0002c6c0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0002c6d0: 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 656e 6572 ds, Prev: Gener\n-0002c6e0: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 al commands, Up\n-0002c6f0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 : Commands..17.4\n-0002c700: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0002c710: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mmands.=========\n-0002c720: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002c730: 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 =..These command\n-0002c740: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 s are usable in \n-0002c750: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-0002c760: 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 and in menu ent\n-0002c770: 7269 6573 2e20 2049 660a 796f 7520 666f ries. If.you fo\n-0002c780: 7267 6574 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 rget a command, \n-0002c790: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 you can run the \n-0002c7a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 656c 70e2 command ...help.\n-0002c7b0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 6c70 3a3a .. (*note help::\n-0002c7c0: 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 205b )...* Menu:..* [\n-0002c7d0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002c7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 Che\n-0002c7f0: 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 7320 616e ck file types an\n-0002c800: 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 6c75 6573 d compare values\n-0002c810: 0a2a 2061 6370 693a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* acpi:: \n-0002c820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c830: 204c 6f61 6420 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 Load ACPI table\n-0002c840: 730a 2a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 s.* authenticate\n-0002c850: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002c860: 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 Check whether \n-0002c870: 7573 6572 2069 7320 696e 2075 7365 7220 user is in user \n-0002c880: 6c69 7374 0a2a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e list.* backgroun\n-0002c890: 645f 636f 6c6f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 d_color:: \n-0002c8a0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 726f Set backgro\n-0002c8b0: 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 6163 und color for ac\n-0002c8c0: 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2a20 tive terminal.* \n-0002c8d0: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 background_image\n-0002c8e0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f :: Lo\n-0002c8f0: 6164 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d ad background im\n-0002c900: 6167 6520 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 age for active t\n-0002c910: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2a20 6261 6472 616d erminal.* badram\n-0002c920: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002c930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c74 6572 206f Filter o\n-0002c940: 7574 2062 6164 2072 6567 696f 6e73 206f ut bad regions o\n-0002c950: 6620 5241 4d0a 2a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 f RAM.* blocklis\n-0002c960: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-0002c970: 2020 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c Print a bl\n-0002c980: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 0a2a 2062 6f6f 743a ock list.* boot:\n-0002c990: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002c9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7461 7274 2075 Start u\n-0002c9b0: 7020 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 p your operating\n-0002c9c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2a20 6361 743a 3a20 system.* cat:: \n+00029a90: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 Load a Linux ke\n+00029aa0: 726e 656c 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a rnel.* linux16::\n+00029ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00029ac0: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 Load a Linu\n+00029ad0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2028 3136 2d62 6974 x kernel (16-bit\n+00029ae0: 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 mode).* xen_hyp\n+00029af0: 6572 7669 736f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ervisor:: \n+00029b00: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 Load xen \n+00029b10: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2062 696e 6172 hypervisor binar\n+00029b20: 7920 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 y (only on AArch\n+00029b30: 3634 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 64).* xen_module\n+00029b40: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00029b50: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 206d 6f64 Load xen mod\n+00029b60: 756c 6573 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 ules for xen hyp\n+00029b70: 6572 7669 736f 7220 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e ervisor (only on\n+00029b80: 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c AArch64)....Fil\n+00029b90: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00029ba0: 6f64 653a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 ode: chainloader\n+00029bb0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 642c , Next: initrd,\n+00029bc0: 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d Up: Loader com\n+00029bd0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3120 6368 mands..17.2.1 ch\n+00029be0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ainloader.------\n+00029bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00029c00: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6861 696e - Command: chain\n+00029c10: 6c6f 6164 6572 205b 2d2d 666f 7263 655d loader [--force]\n+00029c20: 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 732e 2e2e 5d0a file [args...].\n+00029c30: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 Load FILE a\n+00029c40: 7320 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 s a chain-loader\n+00029c50: 2e20 204c 696b 6520 616e 7920 6f74 6865 . Like any othe\n+00029c60: 7220 6669 6c65 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 r file loaded by\n+00029c70: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 the. filesy\n+00029c80: 7374 656d 2063 6f64 652c 2069 7420 6361 stem code, it ca\n+00029c90: 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c n use the blockl\n+00029ca0: 6973 7420 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e ist notation (*n\n+00029cb0: 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 206c ote Block. l\n+00029cc0: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 746f ist syntax::) to\n+00029cd0: 2067 7261 6220 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 grab the first \n+00029ce0: 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 sector of the cu\n+00029cf0: 7272 656e 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a rrent partition.\n+00029d00: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 e280 982b 31e2 with ...+1.\n+00029d10: 8099 2e20 204f 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 ... On EFI plat\n+00029d20: 666f 726d 732c 2061 6e79 2061 7267 756d forms, any argum\n+00029d30: 656e 7473 2061 6674 6572 2046 494c 4520 ents after FILE \n+00029d40: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 will be sent. \n+00029d50: 2020 746f 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 to the loaded \n+00029d60: 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 image... If \n+00029d70: 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 you specify the \n+00029d80: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 666f 7263 option ...--forc\n+00029d90: 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 e..., then load \n+00029da0: 4649 4c45 2066 6f72 6369 626c 792c 0a20 FILE forcibly,. \n+00029db0: 2020 2020 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2068 whether it h\n+00029dc0: 6173 2061 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2073 6967 as a correct sig\n+00029dd0: 6e61 7475 7265 206f 7220 6e6f 742e 2020 nature or not. \n+00029de0: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 This is required\n+00029df0: 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 2077 when. you w\n+00029e00: 616e 7420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 ant to load a de\n+00029e10: 6665 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 fective boot loa\n+00029e20: 6465 722c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2053 434f der, such as SCO\n+00029e30: 2055 6e69 7857 6172 6520 372e 312e 0a0a UnixWare 7.1...\n+00029e40: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00029e50: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 o, Node: initrd\n+00029e60: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 , Next: initrd1\n+00029e70: 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6, Prev: chainl\n+00029e80: 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 oader, Up: Load\n+00029e90: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e er commands..17.\n+00029ea0: 322e 3220 696e 6974 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2.2 initrd.-----\n+00029eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00029ec0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6669 mmand: initrd fi\n+00029ed0: 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 le [file ...]. \n+00029ee0: 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 Load, in orde\n+00029ef0: 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 r, all initrds f\n+00029f00: 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 or a Linux kerne\n+00029f10: 6c20 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 l image, and set\n+00029f20: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f70 the. approp\n+00029f30: 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 riate parameters\n+00029f40: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 7365 in the Linux se\n+00029f50: 7475 7020 6172 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f tup area in memo\n+00029f60: 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 790a 2020 ry. This may. \n+00029f70: 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 only be used \n+00029f80: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e after the ...lin\n+00029f90: 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a ux... command (*\n+00029fa0: 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 note linux::) ha\n+00029fb0: 7320 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7275 6e2e s been. run.\n+00029fc0: 2020 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e 552f See *note GNU/\n+00029fd0: 4c69 6e75 783a 3a20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 Linux:: for more\n+00029fe0: 2069 6e66 6f20 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 info on booting\n+00029ff0: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2e0a 2020 2020 GNU/Linux.. \n+0002a000: 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d For more inform\n+0002a010: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 6e69 7472 6473 ation on initrds\n+0002a020: 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e see the GNU/Lin\n+0002a030: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 ux kernel. d\n+0002a040: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 ocumentation. \n+0002a050: 2020 2868 7474 7073 3a2f 2f64 6f63 732e (https://docs.\n+0002a060: 6b65 726e 656c 2e6f 7267 2f66 696c 6573 kernel.org/files\n+0002a070: 7973 7465 6d73 2f72 616d 6673 2d72 6f6f ystems/ramfs-roo\n+0002a080: 7466 732d 696e 6974 7261 6d66 732e 6874 tfs-initramfs.ht\n+0002a090: 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 206e 6577 ml)... A new\n+0002a0a0: 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2866 -style initrd (f\n+0002a0b0: 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206e 6577 6572 or kernels newer\n+0002a0c0: 2074 6861 6e20 322e 3629 2063 6f6e 7461 than 2.6) conta\n+0002a0d0: 696e 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 ining one file. \n+0002a0e0: 2020 2020 7769 7468 206c 6561 6469 6e67 with leading\n+0002a0f0: 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 path components\n+0002a100: 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 2067 656e can also be gen\n+0002a110: 6572 6174 6564 2061 7420 7275 6e20 7469 erated at run ti\n+0002a120: 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6361 me.. 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Next\n+0002a4d0: 2c20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 772d 7374 , another new-st\n+0002a4e0: 796c 6520 6172 6368 6976 6520 7769 6c6c yle archive will\n+0002a4f0: 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7769 be generated wi\n+0002a500: 7468 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e74 th. the cont\n+0002a510: 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 982f 686f 6d65 ents of .../home\n+0002a520: 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 /user/init.fixed\n+0002a530: e280 9920 696e 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 ... in the path \n+0002a540: e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 616e 640a .../init... and.\n+0002a550: 2020 2020 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f appended to\n+0002a560: 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f the previous co\n+0002a570: 6e63 6174 656e 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4669 ncatenation. Fi\n+0002a580: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c nally, the resul\n+0002a590: 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2073 t will. be s\n+0002a5a0: 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 ent to the kerne\n+0002a5b0: 6c20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 642e 0a0a l when booted...\n+0002a5c0: 2020 2020 204b 6565 7020 696e 206d 696e Keep in min\n+0002a5d0: 6420 7468 6174 2070 6174 6873 2074 6861 d that paths tha\n+0002a5e0: 7420 636f 6d65 206c 6174 6572 2077 696c t come later wil\n+0002a5f0: 6c20 7461 6b65 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 l take precedenc\n+0002a600: 652e 2020 536f 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 e. So. in t\n+0002a610: 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2061 626f 7665 he example above\n+0002a620: 2c20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 , the generated \n+0002a630: 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 path .../init...\n+0002a640: 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 7772 6974 6520 will overwrite \n+0002a650: 616e 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 any. .../ini\n+0002a660: 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 t... in .../boot\n+0002a670: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a e280 992e 2020 /initrd.gz.... \n+0002a680: 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6566 This can be usef\n+0002a690: 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6368 616e 6769 6e67 ul when changing\n+0002a6a0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 696e 2069 the. main i\n+0002a6b0: 6e69 7472 6420 6973 2075 6e64 6573 6972 nitrd is undesir\n+0002a6c0: 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6469 6666 6963 756c able or difficul\n+0002a6d0: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n+0002a6e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e .info, Node: in\n+0002a6f0: 6974 7264 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c itrd16, Next: l\n+0002a700: 696e 7578 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e69 inux, Prev: ini\n+0002a710: 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 trd, Up: Loader\n+0002a720: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e commands..17.2.\n+0002a730: 3320 696e 6974 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 initrd16.-----\n+0002a740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002a750: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 Command: initrd1\n+0002a760: 3620 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 6 file [file ...\n+0002a770: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 ]. Load, in \n+0002a780: 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 order, all initr\n+0002a790: 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b ds for a Linux k\n+0002a7a0: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 ernel image to b\n+0002a7b0: 6520 626f 6f74 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e e booted. in\n+0002a7c0: 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 16-bit mode, an\n+0002a7d0: 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 6170 7072 6f70 d set the approp\n+0002a7e0: 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 riate parameters\n+0002a7f0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 in the Linux. \n+0002a800: 2020 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e setup area in\n+0002a810: 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d memory. This m\n+0002a820: 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 ay only be used \n+0002a830: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e after the ...lin\n+0002a840: 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d ux16.... com\n+0002a850: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 mand (*note linu\n+0002a860: 7831 363a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 x16::) has been \n+0002a870: 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a run. See also *\n+0002a880: 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a note GNU/Linux::\n+0002a890: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 e280 . and the ..\n+0002a8a0: 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 .initrd... comma\n+0002a8b0: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 nd (*note initrd\n+0002a8c0: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 ::) for more det\n+0002a8d0: 6169 6c73 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 ails on. arg\n+0002a8e0: 756d 656e 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 uments... Th\n+0002a8f0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e is command is on\n+0002a900: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n+0002a910: 7468 6520 7063 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 the pc platform \n+0002a920: 666f 7220 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e for x86 systems.\n+0002a930: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002a940: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 nfo, Node: linu\n+0002a950: 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 x, Next: linux1\n+0002a960: 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 6, Prev: initrd\n+0002a970: 3136 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 16, Up: Loader \n+0002a980: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e34 commands..17.2.4\n+0002a990: 206c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d linux.---------\n+0002a9a0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002a9b0: 3a20 6c69 6e75 7820 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e : linux file ...\n+0002a9c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e . Load a Lin\n+0002a9d0: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 ux kernel image \n+0002a9e0: 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 from FILE. The \n+0002a9f0: 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 rest of the line\n+0002aa00: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 is. passed \n+0002aa10: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 verbatim as the \n+0002aa20: e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e ...kernel comman\n+0002aa30: 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 d-line.... Any \n+0002aa40: 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 initrd must be. \n+0002aa50: 2020 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 reloaded aft\n+0002aa60: 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f er using this co\n+0002aa70: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 mmand (*note ini\n+0002aa80: 7472 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e trd::)... On\n+0002aa90: 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 x86 systems, th\n+0002aaa0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 e kernel will be\n+0002aab0: 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 booted using th\n+0002aac0: 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 e 32-bit boot. \n+0002aad0: 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f protocol. No\n+0002aae0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 206d 6561 te that this mea\n+0002aaf0: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 9876 ns that the ...v\n+0002ab00: 6761 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 ga=... boot opti\n+0002ab10: 6f6e 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 on will. not\n+0002ab20: 2077 6f72 6b3b 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 work; if you wa\n+0002ab30: 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7370 6563 nt to set a spec\n+0002ab40: 6961 6c20 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2c20 ial video mode, \n+0002ab50: 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f you will need to\n+0002ab60: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 4752 5542 2063 . use GRUB c\n+0002ab70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 ommands such as \n+0002ab80: e280 9873 6574 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 ...set gfxpayloa\n+0002ab90: 643d 3130 3234 7837 3638 e280 9920 6f72 d=1024x768... or\n+0002aba0: 20e2 8098 7365 740a 2020 2020 2067 6678 ...set. gfx\n+0002abb0: 7061 796c 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 e280 9920 payload=keep... \n+0002abc0: 2874 6f20 6b65 6570 2074 6865 2073 616d (to keep the sam\n+0002abd0: 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 7573 6564 2069 e mode as used i\n+0002abe0: 6e20 4752 5542 2920 696e 7374 6561 642e n GRUB) instead.\n+0002abf0: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2061 . GRUB can a\n+0002ac00: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 utomatically det\n+0002ac10: 6563 7420 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7320 6f66 ect some uses of\n+0002ac20: 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 616e 6420 ...vga=... and \n+0002ac30: 7472 616e 736c 6174 650a 2020 2020 2074 translate. t\n+0002ac40: 6865 6d20 746f 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 hem to appropria\n+0002ac50: 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 7320 6f66 20e2 te settings of .\n+0002ac60: 8098 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 e280 992e ..gfxpayload....\n+0002ac70: 2020 5468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 The ...linux16\n+0002ac80: e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .... command\n+0002ac90: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a (*note linux16:\n+0002aca0: 3a29 2061 766f 6964 7320 7468 6973 2072 :) avoids this r\n+0002acb0: 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 estriction.....F\n+0002acc0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002acd0: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 Node: linux16, \n+0002ace0: 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 Next: xen_hyper\n+0002acf0: 7669 736f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 visor, Prev: li\n+0002ad00: 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 nux, Up: Loader\n+0002ad10: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e commands..17.2.\n+0002ad20: 3520 6c69 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 5 linux16.------\n+0002ad30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002ad40: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2066 mmand: linux16 f\n+0002ad50: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ile .... Loa\n+0002ad60: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c d a Linux kernel\n+0002ad70: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 image from FILE\n+0002ad80: 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 652e in 16-bit mode.\n+0002ad90: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 660a 2020 The rest of. \n+0002ada0: 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 the line is p\n+0002adb0: 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 assed verbatim a\n+0002adc0: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 s the ...kernel \n+0002add0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e command-line....\n+0002ade0: 2020 416e 790a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 Any. initr\n+0002adf0: 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 d must be reload\n+0002ae00: 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ed after using t\n+0002ae10: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f his command (*no\n+0002ae20: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 3136 te. initrd16\n+0002ae30: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206b ::)... The k\n+0002ae40: 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f ernel will be bo\n+0002ae50: 6f74 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2074 oted using the t\n+0002ae60: 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2031 362d 6269 raditional 16-bi\n+0002ae70: 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 t boot. prot\n+0002ae80: 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 ocol. As well a\n+0002ae90: 7320 6279 7061 7373 696e 6720 7072 6f62 s bypassing prob\n+0002aea0: 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 e280 9876 6761 lems with ...vga\n+0002aeb0: 3de2 8099 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 =... described i\n+0002aec0: 6e0a 2020 2020 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e n. *note lin\n+0002aed0: 7578 3a3a 2c20 7468 6973 2070 6572 6d69 ux::, this permi\n+0002aee0: 7473 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6520 ts booting some \n+0002aef0: 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 2074 other programs t\n+0002af00: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 hat. impleme\n+0002af10: 6e74 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 2062 6f6f nt the Linux boo\n+0002af20: 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2066 6f72 2074 t protocol for t\n+0002af30: 6865 2073 616b 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 he sake of conve\n+0002af40: 6e69 656e 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 nience... Th\n+0002af50: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e is command is on\n+0002af60: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n+0002af70: 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a x86 systems.....\n+0002af80: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002af90: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 Node: xen_hype\n+0002afa0: 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 rvisor, Next: x\n+0002afb0: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 en_module, Prev\n+0002afc0: 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5570 3a20 : linux16, Up: \n+0002afd0: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Loader commands.\n+0002afe0: 0a31 372e 322e 3620 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 .17.2.6 xen_hype\n+0002aff0: 7276 6973 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rvisor.---------\n+0002b000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002b010: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f68 - Command: xen_h\n+0002b020: 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6669 6c65 205b ypervisor file [\n+0002b030: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 arguments] .... \n+0002b040: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2058 656e 2068 Load a Xen h\n+0002b050: 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 ypervisor binary\n+0002b060: 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 from FILE. The\n+0002b070: 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e rest of the lin\n+0002b080: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 e is. passed\n+0002b090: 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 verbatim as the\n+0002b0a0: 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 ...kernel comma\n+0002b0b0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 nd-line.... Any\n+0002b0c0: 206f 7468 6572 2062 696e 6172 6965 730a other binaries.\n+0002b0d0: 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c must be rel\n+0002b0e0: 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e oaded after usin\n+0002b0f0: 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 g this command. \n+0002b100: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n+0002b110: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c only. avail\n+0002b120: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 able on AArch64 \n+0002b130: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems.....File\n+0002b140: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002b150: 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 de: xen_module, \n+0002b160: 2050 7265 763a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 Prev: xen_hyper\n+0002b170: 7669 736f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 visor, Up: Load\n+0002b180: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e er commands..17.\n+0002b190: 322e 3720 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2.7 xen_module.-\n+0002b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002b1b0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 .. -- Command: x\n+0002b1c0: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 en_module [--nou\n+0002b1d0: 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 nzip] file [argu\n+0002b1e0: 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 ments]. Load\n+0002b1f0: 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7865 a module for xe\n+0002b200: 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2061 7420 n hypervisor at \n+0002b210: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7072 6f63 the booting proc\n+0002b220: 6573 7320 6f66 2078 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 ess of xen.. \n+0002b230: 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 The rest of the\n+0002b240: 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 line is passed \n+0002b250: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 verbatim as the \n+0002b260: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c module command l\n+0002b270: 696e 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 ine.. Module\n+0002b280: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 s should be load\n+0002b290: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ed in the follow\n+0002b2a0: 696e 6720 6f72 6465 723a 202d 2064 6f6d ing order: - dom\n+0002b2b0: 3020 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 696d 0 kernel. im\n+0002b2c0: 6167 6520 2d20 646f 6d30 2072 616d 6469 age - dom0 ramdi\n+0002b2d0: 736b 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 2d20 sk if present - \n+0002b2e0: 5853 4d20 706f 6c69 6379 2069 6620 7072 XSM policy if pr\n+0002b2f0: 6573 656e 7420 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 esent This. \n+0002b300: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 command is only \n+0002b310: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 available on AAr\n+0002b320: 6368 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f ch64 systems....\n+0002b330: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002b340: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c , Node: General\n+0002b350: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 commands, Next\n+0002b360: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0002b370: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ommands, Prev: \n+0002b380: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c Loader commands,\n+0002b390: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a Up: Commands..\n+0002b3a0: 3137 2e33 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 17.3 General com\n+0002b3b0: 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mands.==========\n+0002b3c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 6f6d ===========..Com\n+0002b3d0: 6d61 6e64 7320 7573 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 mands usable any\n+0002b3e0: 7768 6572 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e where in the men\n+0002b3f0: 7520 616e 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d u and in the com\n+0002b400: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 mand-line...* Me\n+0002b410: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 nu:..* serial:: \n+0002b420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002b430: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 Set up a se\n+0002b440: 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 650a 2a20 7465 rial device.* te\n+0002b450: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2020 rminal_input:: \n+0002b460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 Mana\n+0002b470: 6765 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ge input termina\n+0002b480: 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 ls.* terminal_ou\n+0002b490: 7470 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tput:: \n+0002b4a0: 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 6f75 7470 7574 Manage output\n+0002b4b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 terminals.* ter\n+0002b4c0: 6d69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 minfo:: \n+0002b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e Defin\n+0002b4e0: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 650a e terminal type.\n+0002b4f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002b500: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 fo, Node: seria\n+0002b510: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e l, Next: termin\n+0002b520: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 al_input, Up: G\n+0002b530: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a eneral commands.\n+0002b540: 0a31 372e 332e 3120 7365 7269 616c 0a2d .17.3.1 serial.-\n+0002b550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002b560: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6572 6961 - Command: seria\n+0002b570: 6c20 5b2d 2d75 6e69 743d 756e 6974 5d20 l [--unit=unit] \n+0002b580: 5b2d 2d70 6f72 743d 706f 7274 5d20 5b2d [--port=port] [-\n+0002b590: 2d73 7065 6564 3d73 7065 6564 5d0a 2020 -speed=speed]. \n+0002b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d77 6f72 643d [--word=\n+0002b5b0: 776f 7264 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6172 6974 793d word] [--parity=\n+0002b5c0: 7061 7269 7479 5d20 5b2d 2d73 746f 703d parity] [--stop=\n+0002b5d0: 7374 6f70 5d0a 2020 2020 2049 6e69 7469 stop]. Initi\n+0002b5e0: 616c 697a 6520 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 alize a serial d\n+0002b5f0: 6576 6963 652e 2020 554e 4954 2069 7320 evice. UNIT is \n+0002b600: 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 a number in the \n+0002b610: 7261 6e67 6520 302d 330a 2020 2020 2073 range 0-3. s\n+0002b620: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7768 6963 6820 pecifying which \n+0002b630: 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 746f 2075 serial port to u\n+0002b640: 7365 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2030 se; default is 0\n+0002b650: 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 , which. cor\n+0002b660: 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7468 6520 responds to the \n+0002b670: 706f 7274 206f 6674 656e 2063 616c 6c65 port often calle\n+0002b680: 6420 434f 4d31 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 504f d COM1... PO\n+0002b690: 5254 2069 7320 7468 6520 492f 4f20 706f RT is the I/O po\n+0002b6a0: 7274 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2055 4152 rt where the UAR\n+0002b6b0: 5420 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 T is to be found\n+0002b6c0: 206f 722c 2069 6620 7072 6566 6978 6564 or, if prefixed\n+0002b6d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 20e2 8098 6d6d . with ...mm\n+0002b6e0: 696f 2ce2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4d4d 494f io,..., the MMIO\n+0002b6f0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 address of the \n+0002b700: 5541 5254 2e20 4966 2073 7065 6369 6669 UART. If specifi\n+0002b710: 6564 2069 7420 7461 6b65 730a 2020 2020 ed it takes. \n+0002b720: 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 6520 6f76 6572 precedence over\n+0002b730: 2055 4e49 542e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 UNIT... Add\n+0002b740: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 6e20 4d4d itionally, an MM\n+0002b750: 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 616e 2062 IO address can b\n+0002b760: 6520 7375 6666 6978 6564 2077 6974 683a e suffixed with:\n+0002b770: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 . ... ...\n+0002b780: 2e62 e280 9920 666f 7220 6279 7465 7320 .b... for bytes \n+0002b790: 6163 6365 7373 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 access (default)\n+0002b7a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 . ... ...\n+0002b7b0: 2e77 e280 9920 666f 7220 3136 2d62 6974 .w... for 16-bit\n+0002b7c0: 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 word access. \n+0002b7d0: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e6c e280 ... ....l..\n+0002b7e0: 9920 666f 7220 3332 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e . for 32-bit lon\n+0002b7f0: 6720 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 7320 6f72 g word access or\n+0002b800: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 . ... ...\n+0002b810: 2e71 e280 9920 666f 7220 3634 2d62 6974 .q... for 64-bit\n+0002b820: 206c 6f6e 6720 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 long long word \n+0002b830: 6163 6365 7373 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 access.. Als\n+0002b840: 6f2c 2050 4f52 5420 6361 6e20 6265 206f o, PORT can be o\n+0002b850: 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 20e2 8098 7063 f the form ...pc\n+0002b860: 692c 5858 3a58 582e 58e2 8099 2074 6f20 i,XX:XX.X... to \n+0002b870: 696e 6469 6361 7465 2061 2073 6572 6961 indicate a seria\n+0002b880: 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 6578 l. device ex\n+0002b890: 706f 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2050 4349 posed on the PCI\n+0002b8a0: 2062 7573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5350 4545 bus... SPEE\n+0002b8b0: 4420 6973 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 D is the transmi\n+0002b8c0: 7373 696f 6e20 7370 6565 643b 2064 6566 ssion speed; def\n+0002b8d0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3936 3030 2e20 2057 ault is 9600. W\n+0002b8e0: 4f52 4420 616e 6420 5354 4f50 0a20 2020 ORD and STOP. \n+0002b8f0: 2020 6172 6520 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 are the number\n+0002b900: 206f 6620 6461 7461 2062 6974 7320 616e of data bits an\n+0002b910: 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 732e 2020 4461 d stop bits. Da\n+0002b920: 7461 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 ta bits must be \n+0002b930: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7261 6e67 in. the rang\n+0002b940: 6520 352d 3820 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 e 5-8 and stop b\n+0002b950: 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 3120 6f72 its must be 1 or\n+0002b960: 2032 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2. Default is \n+0002b970: 3820 6461 7461 2062 6974 730a 2020 2020 8 data bits. \n+0002b980: 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 2073 746f 7020 6269 and one stop bi\n+0002b990: 742e 2020 5041 5249 5459 2069 7320 6f6e t. PARITY is on\n+0002b9a0: 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 992c 20e2 e of ...no..., .\n+0002b9b0: 8098 6f64 64e2 8099 2c20 e280 9865 7665 ..odd..., ...eve\n+0002b9c0: 6ee2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6465 n... and. de\n+0002b9d0: 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 986e 6fe2 faults to ...no.\n+0002b9e0: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7365 ..... The se\n+0002b9f0: 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 206e 6f74 rial port is not\n+0002ba00: 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6d 6d75 used as a commu\n+0002ba10: 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e 656c nication channel\n+0002ba20: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 unless the. \n+0002ba30: 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ...terminal_inp\n+0002ba40: 7574 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 726d ut... or ...term\n+0002ba50: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2063 inal_output... c\n+0002ba60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7573 6564 2028 ommand is used (\n+0002ba70: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 *note. termi\n+0002ba80: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f nal_input::, *no\n+0002ba90: 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 te terminal_outp\n+0002baa0: 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 ut::)... Not\n+0002bab0: 652c 2076 616c 6964 2050 4f52 5420 7661 e, valid PORT va\n+0002bac0: 6c75 6573 2c20 6578 636c 7564 696e 6720 lues, excluding \n+0002bad0: 494f 2070 6f72 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 IO port addresse\n+0002bae0: 732c 2063 616e 2062 6520 666f 756e 640a s, can be found.\n+0002baf0: 2020 2020 2062 7920 6c69 7374 696e 6720 by listing \n+0002bb00: 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 7769 7468 20e2 terminals with .\n+0002bb10: 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 ..terminal_outpu\n+0002bb20: 74e2 8099 2c20 7365 6c65 6374 696e 6720 t..., selecting \n+0002bb30: 616c 6c20 6e61 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 all names. p\n+0002bb40: 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 20e2 8098 7365 refixed by ...se\n+0002bb50: 7269 616c 5fe2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 656d rial_... and rem\n+0002bb60: 6f76 696e 6720 7468 6174 2070 7265 6669 oving that prefi\n+0002bb70: 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 x... Example\n+0002bb80: 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 s:. ser\n+0002bb90: 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d30 7833 6638 ial --port=0x3f8\n+0002bba0: 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 3630 300a 2020 --speed=9600. \n+0002bbb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d serial -\n+0002bbc0: 2d70 6f72 743d 6d6d 696f 2c66 6566 6230 -port=mmio,fefb0\n+0002bbd0: 3030 302e 6c20 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3131 000.l --speed=11\n+0002bbe0: 3532 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 5200. s\n+0002bbf0: 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 6369 erial --port=pci\n+0002bc00: 2c30 303a 3136 2e33 202d 2d73 7065 6564 ,00:16.3 --speed\n+0002bc10: 3d31 3135 3230 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5365 =115200.. Se\n+0002bc20: 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2053 6572 e also *note Ser\n+0002bc30: 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 3a3a 2e0a ial terminal::..\n+0002bc40: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002bc50: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 fo, Node: termi\n+0002bc60: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 nal_input, Next\n+0002bc70: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 : terminal_outpu\n+0002bc80: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 7269 616c t, Prev: serial\n+0002bc90: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 , Up: General c\n+0002bca0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3220 ommands..17.3.2 \n+0002bcb0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 0a2d terminal_input.-\n+0002bcc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002bcd0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002bce0: 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 d: terminal_inpu\n+0002bcf0: 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 t [--append|--re\n+0002bd00: 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 move] [terminal1\n+0002bd10: 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 ] [terminal2]. \n+0002bd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 .... \n+0002bd30: 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 List or select \n+0002bd40: 616e 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 an input termina\n+0002bd50: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f l... With no\n+0002bd60: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 arguments, list\n+0002bd70: 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e 6420 the active and \n+0002bd80: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 7075 7420 available input \n+0002bd90: 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 terminals... \n+0002bda0: 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 656e With ...--appen\n+0002bdb0: 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 d..., add the na\n+0002bdc0: 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f med terminals to\n+0002bdd0: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 the list of act\n+0002bde0: 6976 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e70 7574 2074 ive. input t\n+0002bdf0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616e 7920 6f66 erminals; any of\n+0002be00: 2074 6865 7365 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 these may be us\n+0002be10: 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 696e ed to provide in\n+0002be20: 7075 7420 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 put to GRUB... \n+0002be30: 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d72 656d With ...--rem\n+0002be40: 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 ove..., remove t\n+0002be50: 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 he named termina\n+0002be60: 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6163 7469 ls from the acti\n+0002be70: 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 ve list... W\n+0002be80: 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2062 ith no options b\n+0002be90: 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6572 ut a list of ter\n+0002bea0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c 206d 616b minal names, mak\n+0002beb0: 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c 6973 7465 e only the liste\n+0002bec0: 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 d. terminal \n+0002bed0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f names active....\n+0002bee0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002bef0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 , Node: termina\n+0002bf00: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a l_output, Next:\n+0002bf10: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 terminfo, Prev\n+0002bf20: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 : terminal_input\n+0002bf30: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 , Up: General c\n+0002bf40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3320 ommands..17.3.3 \n+0002bf50: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 740a terminal_output.\n+0002bf60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002bf70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002bf80: 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 and: terminal_ou\n+0002bf90: 7470 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d tput [--append|-\n+0002bfa0: 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 726d 696e -remove] [termin\n+0002bfb0: 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 325d al1] [terminal2]\n+0002bfc0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 . .... \n+0002bfd0: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 7365 6c65 List or sele\n+0002bfe0: 6374 2061 6e20 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 ct an output ter\n+0002bff0: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 minal... Wit\n+0002c000: 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 h no arguments, \n+0002c010: 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 list the active \n+0002c020: 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f75 and available ou\n+0002c030: 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a tput terminals..\n+0002c040: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d . With ...--\n+0002c050: 6170 7065 6e64 e280 992c 2061 6464 2074 append..., add t\n+0002c060: 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 he named termina\n+0002c070: 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f ls to the list o\n+0002c080: 6620 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 f active. ou\n+0002c090: 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 tput terminals; \n+0002c0a0: 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2077 696c all of these wil\n+0002c0b0: 6c20 7265 6365 6976 6520 6f75 7470 7574 l receive output\n+0002c0c0: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 from GRUB... \n+0002c0d0: 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f With ...--remo\n+0002c0e0: 7665 e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 ve..., remove th\n+0002c0f0: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c e named terminal\n+0002c100: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 s from the activ\n+0002c110: 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 e list... Wi\n+0002c120: 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 th no options bu\n+0002c130: 7420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d t a list of term\n+0002c140: 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 inal names, make\n+0002c150: 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 only the listed\n+0002c160: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e . terminal n\n+0002c170: 616d 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a ames active.....\n+0002c180: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002c190: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f Node: terminfo\n+0002c1a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 , Prev: termina\n+0002c1b0: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 l_output, Up: G\n+0002c1c0: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a eneral commands.\n+0002c1d0: 0a31 372e 332e 3420 7465 726d 696e 666f .17.3.4 terminfo\n+0002c1e0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002c1f0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 .. -- Command: t\n+0002c200: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 5b2d 617c 2d75 7c2d erminfo [-a|-u|-\n+0002c210: 765d 205b 2d67 2057 7848 5d20 5b74 6572 v] [-g WxH] [ter\n+0002c220: 6d5d 205b 7479 7065 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 m] [type]. D\n+0002c230: 6566 696e 6520 7468 6520 6361 7061 6269 efine the capabi\n+0002c240: 6c69 7469 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 lities of your t\n+0002c250: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6279 2067 6976 696e erminal by givin\n+0002c260: 6720 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 616e g the name of an\n+0002c270: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 . entry in t\n+0002c280: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 6461 7461 he terminfo data\n+0002c290: 6261 7365 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7368 6f75 base, which shou\n+0002c2a0: 6c64 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 726f ld correspond ro\n+0002c2b0: 7567 686c 7920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6120 ughly to. a \n+0002c2c0: e280 9854 4552 4de2 8099 2065 6e76 6972 ...TERM... envir\n+0002c2d0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+0002c2e0: 696e 2055 6e69 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 in Unix... T\n+0002c2f0: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7661 he currently ava\n+0002c300: 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ilable terminal \n+0002c310: 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 9876 7431 types are ...vt1\n+0002c320: 3030 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d 00..., ...vt100-\n+0002c330: 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 color...,. .\n+0002c340: 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 992c 2061 ..ieee1275..., a\n+0002c350: 6e64 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 992e 2020 nd ...dumb.... \n+0002c360: 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 6f74 6865 If you need othe\n+0002c370: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 6573 r terminal types\n+0002c380: 2c20 706c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 2020 636f , please. co\n+0002c390: 6e74 6163 7420 7573 2074 6f20 6469 7363 ntact us to disc\n+0002c3a0: 7573 7320 7468 6520 6265 7374 2077 6179 uss the best way\n+0002c3b0: 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7375 7070 to include supp\n+0002c3c0: 6f72 7420 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 696e ort for these in\n+0002c3d0: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 . 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AS\n+0002c490: 4349 492d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 CII-only termina\n+0002c4a0: 6c3b 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 7370 6563 l; ...-u... spec\n+0002c4b0: 6966 6965 7320 6c6f 6769 6361 6c6c 792d ifies logically-\n+0002c4c0: 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d 383b 2061 ordered UTF-8; a\n+0002c4d0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 76e2 8099 nd. ...-v...\n+0002c4e0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2022 7669 7375 specifies \"visu\n+0002c4f0: 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 6564 2055 5446 ally-ordered UTF\n+0002c500: 2d38 2220 2869 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 776f -8\" (in other wo\n+0002c510: 7264 732c 2061 7272 616e 6765 640a 2020 rds, arranged. \n+0002c520: 2020 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 2061 2074 such that a t\n+0002c530: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 erminal emulator\n+0002c540: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2062 6964 6972 6563 without bidirec\n+0002c550: 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6578 7420 7375 7070 tional text supp\n+0002c560: 6f72 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6469 ort. will di\n+0002c570: 7370 6c61 7920 7269 6768 742d 746f 2d6c splay right-to-l\n+0002c580: 6566 7420 7465 7874 2069 6e20 7468 6520 eft text in the \n+0002c590: 7072 6f70 6572 206f 7264 6572 3b20 7468 proper order; th\n+0002c5a0: 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2072 is is not. r\n+0002c5b0: 6561 6c6c 7920 7072 6f70 6572 2055 5446 eally proper UTF\n+0002c5c0: 2d38 2c20 6275 7420 6120 776f 726b 6172 -8, but a workar\n+0002c5d0: 6f75 6e64 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ound)... 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\n+0002cc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n+0002cc80: 6164 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 7472 6565 ad a device tree\n+0002cc90: 2062 6c6f 620a 2a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 blob.* distrust\n+0002cca0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002ccb0: 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 2070 Remove a p\n+0002ccc0: 7562 6b65 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 7275 7374 ubkey from trust\n+0002ccd0: 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 6472 6976 656d ed keys.* drivem\n+0002cce0: 6170 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ap:: \n+0002ccf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 7020 6120 6472 Map a dr\n+0002cd00: 6976 6520 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a2a ive to another.*\n+0002cd10: 2065 6368 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 echo:: \n+0002cd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n+0002cd30: 6973 706c 6179 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 isplay a line of\n+0002cd40: 2074 6578 740a 2a20 6566 6974 6578 746d text.* efitextm\n+0002cd50: 6f64 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ode:: \n+0002cd60: 2020 2020 2020 5365 742f 4765 7420 7465 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\n-0002d4f0: 7475 6e65 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 tune.* probe:: \n+0002d290: 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 Compute or ch\n+0002d2a0: 6563 6b20 4d44 3520 6861 7368 0a2a 206d eck MD5 hash.* m\n+0002d2b0: 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 odule:: \n+0002d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n+0002d2d0: 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c d module for mul\n+0002d2e0: 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2a20 tiboot kernel.* \n+0002d2f0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 multiboot:: \n+0002d300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n+0002d310: 6164 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d ad multiboot com\n+0002d320: 706c 6961 6e74 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2a20 pliant kernel.* \n+0002d330: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 3a3a 2020 2020 nativedisk:: \n+0002d340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5377 Sw\n+0002d350: 6974 6368 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 2064 itch to native d\n+0002d360: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 730a 2a20 6e6f isk drivers.* no\n+0002d370: 726d 616c 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Set\n+0002d470: 2061 2068 6173 6865 6420 7061 7373 776f a hashed passwo\n+0002d480: 7264 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a rd.* plainmount:\n+0002d490: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d4a0: 2020 204f 7065 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2065 Open device e\n+0002d4b0: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2069 6e20 706c 6169 ncrypted in plai\n+0002d4c0: 6e20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a 3a20 n mode.* play:: \n+0002d4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 Play a tu\n+0002d4f0: 6e65 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 2020 ne.* probe:: \n 0002d500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d510: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 Retrieve de\n-0002d520: 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f0a 2a20 7264 6d73 vice info.* rdms\n-0002d530: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n-0002d540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2076 Read v\n-0002d550: 616c 7565 7320 6672 6f6d 206d 6f64 656c alues from model\n-0002d560: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 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7669 726f 6e6d Set an environm\n-0002d740: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2073 ent variable.* s\n-0002d750: 6861 3173 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ha1sum:: \n-0002d760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d Com\n-0002d770: 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 pute or check SH\n-0002d780: 4131 2068 6173 680a 2a20 7368 6132 3536 A1 hash.* sha256\n-0002d790: 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum:: \n-0002d7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 Compute \n-0002d7b0: 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3235 3620 or check SHA256 \n-0002d7c0: 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d hash.* sha512sum\n-0002d7d0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d7e0: 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 Compute or \n-0002d7f0: 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4135 3132 2068 6173 check SHA512 has\n-0002d800: 680a 2a20 736c 6565 703a 3a20 2020 2020 h.* sleep:: \n+0002d670: 2053 6176 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 Save variables \n+0002d680: 746f 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 to environment b\n+0002d690: 6c6f 636b 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a20 lock.* search:: \n+0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d6b0: 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 Search devi\n+0002d6c0: 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c 652c 206c 6162 ces by file, lab\n+0002d6d0: 656c 2c20 6f72 2055 5549 440a 2a20 7365 el, or UUID.* se\n+0002d6e0: 6e64 6b65 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ndkey:: \n+0002d6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d 756c Emul\n+0002d700: 6174 6520 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 0a2a ate keystrokes.*\n+0002d710: 2073 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set:: \n+0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n+0002d730: 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e et an environmen\n+0002d740: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2073 6861 t variable.* sha\n+0002d750: 3173 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 1sum:: \n+0002d760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 Compu\n+0002d770: 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4131 te or check SHA1\n+0002d780: 2068 6173 680a 2a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 hash.* sha256su\n+0002d790: 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m:: \n+0002d7a0: 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 Compute or\n+0002d7b0: 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3235 3620 6861 check SHA256 ha\n+0002d7c0: 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 3a3a sh.* sha512sum::\n+0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d7e0: 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 Compute or ch\n+0002d7f0: 6563 6b20 5348 4135 3132 2068 6173 680a eck SHA512 hash.\n+0002d800: 2a20 736c 6565 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * sleep:: \n 0002d810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d820: 2020 5761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 2073 7065 Wait for a spe\n-0002d830: 6369 6669 6564 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 cified number of\n-0002d840: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f seconds.* smbio\n-0002d850: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n-0002d860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 Retriev\n-0002d870: 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 e SMBIOS informa\n-0002d880: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 3a20 tion.* source:: \n+0002d820: 5761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 Wait for a speci\n+0002d830: 6669 6564 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 fied number of s\n+0002d840: 6563 6f6e 6473 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f 733a econds.* smbios:\n+0002d850: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d860: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 Retrieve \n+0002d870: 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 SMBIOS informati\n+0002d880: 6f6e 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 3a20 2020 on.* source:: \n 0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d8a0: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 636f 6e66 Read a conf\n-0002d8b0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n-0002d8c0: 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a2a n same context.*\n-0002d8d0: 2074 6573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 test:: \n-0002d8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n-0002d8f0: 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 7320 heck file types \n-0002d900: 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 6c75 and compare valu\n-0002d910: 6573 0a2a 2074 7275 653a 3a20 2020 2020 es.* true:: \n+0002d8a0: 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 Read a config\n+0002d8b0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 uration file in \n+0002d8c0: 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a2a 2074 same context.* t\n+0002d8d0: 6573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 est:: \n+0002d8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 Che\n+0002d8f0: 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 7320 616e ck file types an\n+0002d900: 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 6c75 6573 d compare values\n+0002d910: 0a2a 2074 7275 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* true:: \n 0002d920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d930: 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2073 Do nothing, s\n-0002d940: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 790a 2a20 7472 uccessfully.* tr\n-0002d950: 7573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ust:: \n-0002d960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 Add \n-0002d970: 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2074 6f20 6c69 public key to li\n-0002d980: 7374 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reg\n-0002da90: 6973 7465 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 isters....File: \n-0002daa0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002dab0: 3a20 5b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 7069 : [, Next: acpi\n-0002dac0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002dad0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002dae0: 2e34 2e31 205b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .4.1 [.--------.\n-0002daf0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 5b20 . -- Command: [ \n-0002db00: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 205d 0a20 2020 expression ]. \n-0002db10: 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9874 Alias for ...t\n-0002db20: 6573 7420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e e280 est EXPRESSION..\n-0002db30: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 . (*note test::)\n-0002db40: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002db50: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 6370 info, Node: acp\n-0002db60: 692c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6175 7468 656e i, Next: authen\n-0002db70: 7469 6361 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 205b ticate, Prev: [\n-0002db80: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002db90: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002dba0: 2e34 2e32 2061 6370 690a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.2 acpi.------\n-0002dbb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002dbc0: 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 205b 2d31 7c2d 325d nd: acpi [-1|-2]\n-0002dbd0: 205b 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 653d 7461 626c [--exclude=tabl\n-0002dbe0: 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c 6f61 642d 6f6e e1,...|--load-on\n-0002dbf0: 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 ly=table1,...]. \n-0002dc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d69 [--oemi\n-0002dc10: 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c d=id] [--oemtabl\n-0002dc20: 653d 7461 626c 655d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 e=table] [--oemt\n-0002dc30: 6162 6c65 7265 763d 7265 765d 0a20 2020 ablerev=rev]. \n-0002dc40: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 [--oemtab\n-0002dc50: 6c65 6372 6561 746f 723d 6372 6561 746f lecreator=creato\n-0002dc60: 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 r] [--oemtablecr\n-0002dc70: 6561 746f 7272 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 eatorrev=rev]. \n-0002dc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 [--no-eb\n-0002dc90: 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 202e 2e2e da] filename ...\n-0002dca0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2042 494f . Modern BIO\n-0002dcb0: 5320 7379 7374 656d 7320 6e6f 726d 616c S systems normal\n-0002dcc0: 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 ly implement the\n-0002dcd0: 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 436f 6e66 6967 Advanced Config\n-0002dce0: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 uration. and\n-0002dcf0: 2050 6f77 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Power Interface\n-0002dd00: 2028 4143 5049 292c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 (ACPI), and def\n-0002dd10: 696e 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7461 626c ine various tabl\n-0002dd20: 6573 2074 6861 7420 6465 7363 7269 6265 es that describe\n-0002dd30: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 696e 7465 7266 . the interf\n-0002dd40: 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2041 ace between an A\n-0002dd50: 4350 492d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6f70 CPI-compliant op\n-0002dd60: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 erating system a\n-0002dd70: 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d nd the. firm\n-0002dd80: 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 ware. In some c\n-0002dd90: 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7461 626c 6573 ases, the tables\n-0002dda0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2064 6566 provided by def\n-0002ddb0: 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 776f 726b 0a20 ault only work. \n-0002ddc0: 2020 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 6974 6820 6365 well with ce\n-0002ddd0: 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 rtain operating \n-0002dde0: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 systems, and it \n-0002ddf0: 6d61 7920 6265 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 may be necessary\n-0002de00: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6570 6c61 6365 to. replace\n-0002de10: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a some of them...\n-0002de20: 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 Normally, t\n-0002de30: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c his command will\n-0002de40: 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2052 6f6f replace the Roo\n-0002de50: 7420 5379 7374 656d 2044 6573 6372 6970 t System Descrip\n-0002de60: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 506f 696e 7465 tion. Pointe\n-0002de70: 7220 2852 5344 5029 2069 6e20 7468 6520 r (RSDP) in the \n-0002de80: 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2042 494f 5320 4461 Extended BIOS Da\n-0002de90: 7461 2041 7265 6120 746f 2070 6f69 6e74 ta Area to point\n-0002dea0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 770a 2020 2020 to the new. \n-0002deb0: 2074 6162 6c65 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 tables. If the\n-0002dec0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 61e2 8099 ...--no-ebda...\n-0002ded0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c option is used,\n-0002dee0: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2074 6162 6c65 7320 the new tables \n-0002def0: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206b 6e6f will be. kno\n-0002df00: 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 5255 422c wn only to GRUB,\n-0002df10: 2062 7574 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 but may be used\n-0002df20: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2773 2045 4649 2065 by GRUB's EFI e\n-0002df30: 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 mulation... \n-0002df40: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Note: The comman\n-0002df50: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 d is not allowed\n-0002df60: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n-0002df70: 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 s enforced (*not\n-0002df80: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a e. Lockdown:\n-0002df90: 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2061 :). Otherwise a\n-0002dfa0: 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2063 616e 2069 n attacker can i\n-0002dfb0: 6e73 7472 7563 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 nstruct the GRUB\n-0002dfc0: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 616e to load. an\n-0002dfd0: 2053 5344 5420 7461 626c 6520 746f 206f SSDT table to o\n-0002dfe0: 7665 7277 7269 7465 2074 6865 206b 6572 verwrite the ker\n-0002dff0: 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2063 6f6e nel lockdown con\n-0002e000: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a20 figuration and. \n-0002e010: 2020 2020 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 2061 later load a\n-0002e020: 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 2075 6e73 6967 nd execute unsig\n-0002e030: 6e65 6420 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ned code.....Fil\n-0002e040: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002e050: 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 ode: authenticat\n-0002e060: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 e, Next: backgr\n-0002e070: 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 ound_color, Pre\n-0002e080: 763a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: acpi, Up: Co\n-0002e090: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002e0a0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3320 6175 7468 nds..17.4.3 auth\n-0002e0b0: 656e 7469 6361 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d enticate.-------\n-0002e0c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002e0d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 7574 6865 - Command: authe\n-0002e0e0: 6e74 6963 6174 6520 5b75 7365 726c 6973 nticate [userlis\n-0002e0f0: 745d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 t]. Check wh\n-0002e100: 6574 6865 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 696e ether user is in\n-0002e110: 2055 5345 524c 4953 5420 6f72 206c 6973 USERLIST or lis\n-0002e120: 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ted in the value\n-0002e130: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c of. variabl\n-0002e140: 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 e ...superusers.\n-0002e150: 8099 2e20 2053 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2073 ... See *note s\n-0002e160: 7570 6572 7573 6572 733a 3a20 666f 7220 uperusers:: for \n-0002e170: 7661 6c69 6420 7573 6572 206c 6973 740a valid user list.\n-0002e180: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4966 format. If\n-0002e190: 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 ...superusers..\n-0002e1a0: 9920 6973 2065 6d70 7479 2c20 7468 6973 . is empty, this\n-0002e1b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 command returns\n-0002e1c0: 2074 7275 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 true.. *Not\n-0002e1d0: 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f e Security::....\n-0002e1e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002e1f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f , Node: backgro\n-0002e200: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 4e65 7874 und_color, Next\n-0002e210: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 : background_ima\n-0002e220: 6765 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 7574 6865 ge, Prev: authe\n-0002e230: 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f nticate, Up: Co\n-0002e240: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002e250: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3420 6261 636b nds..17.4.4 back\n-0002e260: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d ground_color.---\n+0002da30: 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 List available \n+0002da40: 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 730a 2a20 7772 video modes.* wr\n+0002da50: 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 msr:: \n+0002da60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 6974 Writ\n+0002da70: 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2074 6f20 6d6f 6465 e values to mode\n+0002da80: 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 l-specific regis\n+0002da90: 7465 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ters....File: gr\n+0002daa0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002dab0: 5b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 [, Next: acpi, \n+0002dac0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002dad0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0002dae0: 2e31 205b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .1 [.--------.. \n+0002daf0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 5b20 6578 -- Command: [ ex\n+0002db00: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 205d 0a20 2020 2020 pression ]. \n+0002db10: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9874 6573 Alias for ...tes\n+0002db20: 7420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e e280 9920 t EXPRESSION... \n+0002db30: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2e0a (*note test::)..\n+0002db40: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002db50: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 6370 692c fo, Node: acpi,\n+0002db60: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 Next: authenti\n+0002db70: 6361 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 205b 2c20 cate, Prev: [, \n+0002db80: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002db90: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0002dba0: 2e32 2061 6370 690a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .2 acpi.--------\n+0002dbb0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002dbc0: 3a20 6163 7069 205b 2d31 7c2d 325d 205b : acpi [-1|-2] [\n+0002dbd0: 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 653d 7461 626c 6531 --exclude=table1\n+0002dbe0: 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c 6f61 642d 6f6e 6c79 ,...|--load-only\n+0002dbf0: 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 =table1,...]. \n+0002dc00: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d69 643d [--oemid=\n+0002dc10: 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 653d id] [--oemtable=\n+0002dc20: 7461 626c 655d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 table] [--oemtab\n+0002dc30: 6c65 7265 763d 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 lerev=rev]. \n+0002dc40: 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 [--oemtable\n+0002dc50: 6372 6561 746f 723d 6372 6561 746f 725d creator=creator]\n+0002dc60: 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 [--oemtablecrea\n+0002dc70: 746f 7272 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 torrev=rev]. \n+0002dc80: 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 [--no-ebda\n+0002dc90: 5d20 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 202e 2e2e 0a20 ] filename .... \n+0002dca0: 2020 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2042 494f 5320 Modern BIOS \n+0002dcb0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 systems normally\n+0002dcc0: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 2041 implement the A\n+0002dcd0: 6476 616e 6365 6420 436f 6e66 6967 7572 dvanced Configur\n+0002dce0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2050 ation. and P\n+0002dcf0: 6f77 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2028 ower Interface (\n+0002dd00: 4143 5049 292c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 696e ACPI), and defin\n+0002dd10: 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7461 626c 6573 e various tables\n+0002dd20: 2074 6861 7420 6465 7363 7269 6265 0a20 that describe. \n+0002dd30: 2020 2020 7468 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 the interfac\n+0002dd40: 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2041 4350 e between an ACP\n+0002dd50: 492d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6f70 6572 I-compliant oper\n+0002dd60: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 ating system and\n+0002dd70: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 the. firmwa\n+0002dd80: 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 re. In some cas\n+0002dd90: 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7461 626c 6573 2070 es, the tables p\n+0002dda0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 rovided by defau\n+0002ddb0: 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 776f 726b 0a20 2020 lt only work. \n+0002ddc0: 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 6974 6820 6365 7274 well with cert\n+0002ddd0: 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 ain operating sy\n+0002dde0: 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 6d61 stems, and it ma\n+0002ddf0: 7920 6265 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 y be necessary t\n+0002de00: 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2073 o. replace s\n+0002de10: 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 ome of them... \n+0002de20: 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6869 Normally, thi\n+0002de30: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2072 s command will r\n+0002de40: 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2052 6f6f 7420 eplace the Root \n+0002de50: 5379 7374 656d 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 System Descripti\n+0002de60: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 506f 696e 7465 7220 on. Pointer \n+0002de70: 2852 5344 5029 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4578 (RSDP) in the Ex\n+0002de80: 7465 6e64 6564 2042 494f 5320 4461 7461 tended BIOS Data\n+0002de90: 2041 7265 6120 746f 2070 6f69 6e74 2074 Area to point t\n+0002dea0: 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2074 o the new. t\n+0002deb0: 6162 6c65 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 ables. If the .\n+0002dec0: 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 61e2 8099 206f ..--no-ebda... o\n+0002ded0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 ption is used, t\n+0002dee0: 6865 206e 6577 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7769 he new tables wi\n+0002def0: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206b 6e6f 776e ll be. known\n+0002df00: 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2062 only to GRUB, b\n+0002df10: 7574 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 ut may be used b\n+0002df20: 7920 4752 5542 2773 2045 4649 2065 6d75 y GRUB's EFI emu\n+0002df30: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f lation... No\n+0002df40: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n+0002df50: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n+0002df60: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n+0002df70: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n+0002df80: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n+0002df90: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2061 6e20 . Otherwise an \n+0002dfa0: 6174 7461 636b 6572 2063 616e 2069 6e73 attacker can ins\n+0002dfb0: 7472 7563 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 truct the GRUB t\n+0002dfc0: 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 616e 2053 o load. an S\n+0002dfd0: 5344 5420 7461 626c 6520 746f 206f 7665 SDT table to ove\n+0002dfe0: 7277 7269 7465 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 rwrite the kerne\n+0002dff0: 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 l lockdown confi\n+0002e000: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 guration and. \n+0002e010: 2020 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 2061 6e64 later load and\n+0002e020: 2065 7865 6375 7465 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 execute unsigne\n+0002e030: 6420 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a d code.....File:\n+0002e040: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002e050: 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c e: authenticate,\n+0002e060: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 Next: backgrou\n+0002e070: 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a nd_color, Prev:\n+0002e080: 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d acpi, Up: Comm\n+0002e090: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002e0a0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3320 6175 7468 656e s..17.4.3 authen\n+0002e0b0: 7469 6361 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ticate.---------\n+0002e0c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002e0d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 Command: authent\n+0002e0e0: 6963 6174 6520 5b75 7365 726c 6973 745d icate [userlist]\n+0002e0f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 . Check whet\n+0002e100: 6865 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 696e 2055 her user is in U\n+0002e110: 5345 524c 4953 5420 6f72 206c 6973 7465 SERLIST or liste\n+0002e120: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f d in the value o\n+0002e130: 660a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f. variable \n+0002e140: e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 ...superusers...\n+0002e150: 2e20 2053 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2073 7570 . See *note sup\n+0002e160: 6572 7573 6572 733a 3a20 666f 7220 7661 erusers:: for va\n+0002e170: 6c69 6420 7573 6572 206c 6973 740a 2020 lid user list. \n+0002e180: 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4966 20e2 format. If .\n+0002e190: 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 ..superusers... \n+0002e1a0: 6973 2065 6d70 7479 2c20 7468 6973 2063 is empty, this c\n+0002e1b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 ommand returns t\n+0002e1c0: 7275 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 rue.. *Note \n+0002e1d0: 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Security::.....F\n+0002e1e0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002e1f0: 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e Node: backgroun\n+0002e200: 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 d_color, Next: \n+0002e210: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 background_image\n+0002e220: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 , Prev: authent\n+0002e230: 6963 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d icate, Up: Comm\n+0002e240: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002e250: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3420 6261 636b 6772 s..17.4.4 backgr\n+0002e260: 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ound_color.-----\n 0002e270: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e280: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002e290: 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f d: background_co\n-0002e2a0: 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2053 lor color. S\n-0002e2b0: 6574 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f et background co\n-0002e2c0: 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 lor for active t\n-0002e2d0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 466f 7220 7661 erminal. For va\n-0002e2e0: 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2073 lid color. s\n-0002e2f0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 7365 pecifications se\n-0002e300: 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6c6f 7273 3a20 e *note Colors: \n-0002e310: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n-0002e320: 742e 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 t. Background. \n-0002e330: 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 6361 6e20 6265 color can be\n-0002e340: 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 changed only wh\n-0002e350: 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 en using ...gfxt\n-0002e360: 6572 6de2 8099 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 erm... for termi\n-0002e370: 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 nal output... \n-0002e380: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 This command s\n-0002e390: 6574 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2065 6d70 ets color of emp\n-0002e3a0: 7479 2061 7265 6173 2077 6974 686f 7574 ty areas without\n-0002e3b0: 2074 6578 742e 2020 5465 7874 0a20 2020 text. Text. \n-0002e3c0: 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c background col\n-0002e3d0: 6f72 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 or is controlled\n-0002e3e0: 2062 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 by environment \n-0002e3f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2043 variables. C\n-0002e400: 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 2043 4f4c OLOR_NORMAL, COL\n-0002e410: 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2c20 4d45 OR_HIGHLIGHT, ME\n-0002e420: 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c NU_COLOR_NORMAL,\n-0002e430: 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 . MENU_COLOR\n-0002e440: 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2e20 202a 4e6f _HIGHLIGHT. *No\n-0002e450: 7465 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 te Special envir\n-0002e460: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-0002e470: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-0002e480: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 b.info, Node: b\n-0002e490: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c ackground_image,\n-0002e4a0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 Next: badram, \n-0002e4b0: 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e Prev: backgroun\n-0002e4c0: 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f d_color, Up: Co\n-0002e4d0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002e4e0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3520 6261 636b nds..17.4.5 back\n-0002e4f0: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 0a2d 2d2d ground_image.---\n+0002e280: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002e290: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f background_colo\n+0002e2a0: 7220 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2053 6574 r color. Set\n+0002e2b0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f background colo\n+0002e2c0: 7220 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 r for active ter\n+0002e2d0: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 466f 7220 7661 6c69 minal. For vali\n+0002e2e0: 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2073 7065 d color. spe\n+0002e2f0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 7365 6520 cifications see \n+0002e300: 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6c6f 7273 3a20 5468 *note Colors: Th\n+0002e310: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e eme file format.\n+0002e320: 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 Background. \n+0002e330: 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2063 color can be c\n+0002e340: 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e hanged only when\n+0002e350: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 using ...gfxter\n+0002e360: 6de2 8099 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 m... for termina\n+0002e370: 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 l output... \n+0002e380: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6574 This command set\n+0002e390: 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2065 6d70 7479 s color of empty\n+0002e3a0: 2061 7265 6173 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 areas without t\n+0002e3b0: 6578 742e 2020 5465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 ext. Text. \n+0002e3c0: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 background color\n+0002e3d0: 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 is controlled b\n+0002e3e0: 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 y environment va\n+0002e3f0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2043 4f4c riables. COL\n+0002e400: 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 2043 4f4c 4f52 OR_NORMAL, COLOR\n+0002e410: 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2c20 4d45 4e55 _HIGHLIGHT, MENU\n+0002e420: 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 0a20 _COLOR_NORMAL,. \n+0002e430: 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f48 MENU_COLOR_H\n+0002e440: 4947 484c 4947 4854 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 IGHLIGHT. *Note\n+0002e450: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+0002e460: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a3a ment variables::\n+0002e470: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002e480: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 info, Node: bac\n+0002e490: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 kground_image, \n+0002e4a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2050 Next: badram, P\n+0002e4b0: 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f rev: background_\n+0002e4c0: 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d color, Up: Comm\n+0002e4d0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002e4e0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3520 6261 636b 6772 s..17.4.5 backgr\n+0002e4f0: 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ound_image.-----\n 0002e500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e510: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002e520: 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d d: background_im\n-0002e530: 6167 6520 5b5b 2d2d 6d6f 6465 2073 7472 age [[--mode str\n-0002e540: 6574 6368 7c6e 6f72 6d61 6c5d 2066 696c etch|normal] fil\n-0002e550: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 6163 e]. Load bac\n-0002e560: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 666f kground image fo\n-0002e570: 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 r active termina\n-0002e580: 6c20 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 496d l from FILE. Im\n-0002e590: 6167 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7265 age is. stre\n-0002e5a0: 7463 6865 6420 746f 2066 696c 6c20 7570 tched to fill up\n-0002e5b0: 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 7265 656e 2075 entire screen u\n-0002e5c0: 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 nless option ...\n-0002e5d0: 2d2d 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 e280 986e 6f72 --mode... ...nor\n-0002e5e0: 6d61 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 mal.... is g\n-0002e5f0: 6976 656e 2e20 2057 6974 686f 7574 2061 iven. Without a\n-0002e600: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 6520 rguments remove \n-0002e610: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 currently loaded\n-0002e620: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 background. \n-0002e630: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 726f image. Backgro\n-0002e640: 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 und image can be\n-0002e650: 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 changed only wh\n-0002e660: 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 en using ...gfxt\n-0002e670: 6572 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 erm.... for \n-0002e680: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e terminal output.\n-0002e690: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002e6a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 6472 nfo, Node: badr\n-0002e6b0: 616d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6c6f 636b am, Next: block\n-0002e6c0: 6c69 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 list, Prev: bac\n-0002e6d0: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 kground_image, \n-0002e6e0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002e6f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002e700: 3620 6261 6472 616d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 badram.-------\n-0002e710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002e720: 616e 643a 2062 6164 7261 6d20 6164 6472 and: badram addr\n-0002e730: 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 722c 6d61 736b ,mask[,addr,mask\n-0002e740: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c74 6572 ...]. Filter\n-0002e750: 206f 7574 2062 6164 2052 414d 2e0a 0a20 out bad RAM... \n-0002e760: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-0002e770: 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 notifies the me\n-0002e780: 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 mory manager tha\n-0002e790: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 t specified regi\n-0002e7a0: 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 ons of. RAM \n-0002e7b0: 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 ought to be filt\n-0002e7c0: 6572 6564 206f 7574 2028 7573 7561 6c6c ered out (usuall\n-0002e7d0: 792c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7927 y, because they'\n-0002e7e0: 7265 2064 616d 6167 6564 292e 0a20 2020 re damaged).. \n-0002e7f0: 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 6e73 2069 This remains i\n-0002e800: 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 6572 2061 n effect after a\n-0002e810: 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 payload kernel \n-0002e820: 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 has been loaded \n-0002e830: 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2c20 6173 by. GRUB, as\n-0002e840: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 206c 6f61 long as the loa\n-0002e850: 6465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 ded kernel obtai\n-0002e860: 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 ns its memory ma\n-0002e870: 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 p from. GRUB\n-0002e880: 2e20 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 . Kernels that \n-0002e890: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 2069 6e63 support this inc\n-0002e8a0: 6c75 6465 204c 696e 7578 2c20 474e 5520 lude Linux, GNU \n-0002e8b0: 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206b Mach, the. k\n-0002e8c0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 ernel of FreeBSD\n-0002e8d0: 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b and Multiboot k\n-0002e8e0: 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 ernels in genera\n-0002e8f0: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 796e 7461 7820 l... Syntax \n-0002e900: 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2070 is the same as p\n-0002e910: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 204d rovided by the M\n-0002e920: 656d 7465 7374 3836 2b20 7574 696c 6974 emtest86+ utilit\n-0002e930: 790a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 y. (http://w\n-0002e940: 7777 2e6d 656d 7465 7374 2e6f 7267 2f29 ww.memtest.org/)\n-0002e950: 3a20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6164 6472 : a list of addr\n-0002e960: 6573 732f 6d61 736b 2070 6169 7273 2e20 ess/mask pairs. \n-0002e970: 2047 6976 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 Given a. pa\n-0002e980: 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 7265 ge-aligned addre\n-0002e990: 7373 2061 6e64 2061 2062 6173 6520 6164 ss and a base ad\n-0002e9a0: 6472 6573 7320 2f20 6d61 736b 2070 6169 dress / mask pai\n-0002e9b0: 722c 2069 6620 616c 6c20 7468 650a 2020 r, if all the. \n-0002e9c0: 2020 2062 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2070 bits of the p\n-0002e9d0: 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 6164 6472 age-aligned addr\n-0002e9e0: 6573 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2065 6e61 ess that are ena\n-0002e9f0: 626c 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6d61 736b bled by the mask\n-0002ea00: 206d 6174 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 match. with\n-0002ea10: 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 the base addres\n-0002ea20: 732c 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6973 s, it means this\n-0002ea30: 2070 6167 6520 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 page is to be f\n-0002ea40: 696c 7465 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 iltered. This. \n-0002ea50: 2020 2020 7379 6e74 6178 206d 616b 6573 syntax makes\n-0002ea60: 2069 7420 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7265 7072 it easy to repr\n-0002ea70: 6573 656e 7420 7061 7474 6572 6e73 2074 esent patterns t\n-0002ea80: 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 7265 hat are often re\n-0002ea90: 7375 6c74 206f 660a 2020 2020 206d 656d sult of. mem\n-0002eaa0: 6f72 7920 6461 6d61 6765 2c20 6475 6520 ory damage, due \n-0002eab0: 746f 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6469 7374 to physical dist\n-0002eac0: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6d65 6d6f ribution of memo\n-0002ead0: 7279 2063 656c 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ry cells... \n-0002eae0: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 The command is s\n-0002eaf0: 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9863 7574 imilar to ...cut\n-0002eb00: 6d65 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a mem... command..\n-0002eb10: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 . Note: The \n-0002eb20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 command is not a\n-0002eb30: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b llowed when lock\n-0002eb40: 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 down is enforced\n-0002eb50: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 (*note. Loc\n-0002eb60: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 kdown::). This \n-0002eb70: 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e prevents removin\n-0002eb80: 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 g EFI memory reg\n-0002eb90: 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 ions to. pot\n-0002eba0: 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 entially subvert\n-0002ebb0: 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 the security me\n-0002ebc0: 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 chanisms provide\n-0002ebd0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 d by the UEFI. \n-0002ebe0: 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a secure boot..\n-0002ebf0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002ec00: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b fo, Node: block\n-0002ec10: 6c69 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6f6f list, Next: boo\n-0002ec20: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 6472 616d t, Prev: badram\n-0002ec30: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002ec40: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002ec50: 2e34 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a2d .4.7 blocklist.-\n-0002ec60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002ec70: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626c . -- Command: bl\n-0002ec80: 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ocklist file. \n-0002ec90: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 Print a block \n-0002eca0: 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 list (*note Bloc\n-0002ecb0: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 k list syntax::)\n-0002ecc0: 2066 6f72 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 for FILE.....Fi\n-0002ecd0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002ece0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 Node: boot, Nex\n-0002ecf0: 743a 2063 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 t: cat, Prev: b\n-0002ed00: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 locklist, Up: C\n-0002ed10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0002ed20: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 2062 6f6f ands..17.4.8 boo\n-0002ed30: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 t.-----------.. \n-0002ed40: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626f 6f74 -- Command: boot\n-0002ed50: 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 204f . Boot the O\n-0002ed60: 5320 6f72 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 S or chain-loade\n-0002ed70: 7220 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6265 656e r which has been\n-0002ed80: 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206e loaded. Only n\n-0002ed90: 6563 6573 7361 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6966 ecessary. if\n-0002eda0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2066 756c running the ful\n-0002edb0: 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 2063 ly interactive c\n-0002edc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 2869 7420 ommand-line (it \n-0002edd0: 6973 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 7420 6174 0a20 is implicit at. \n-0002ede0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2061 the end of a\n-0002edf0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7929 2e0a 0a1f menu entry)....\n-0002ee00: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002ee10: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6174 2c20 204e , Node: cat, N\n-0002ee20: 6578 743a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2050 7265 ext: clear, Pre\n-0002ee30: 763a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: boot, Up: Co\n-0002ee40: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002ee50: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3920 6361 740a nds..17.4.9 cat.\n-0002ee60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002ee70: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6174 205b 2d2d Command: cat [--\n-0002ee80: 646f 735d 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2044 dos] file. D\n-0002ee90: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 isplay the conte\n-0002eea0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 nts of the file \n-0002eeb0: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d FILE. This comm\n-0002eec0: 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 and may be usefu\n-0002eed0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7265 6d69 6e64 l. to remind\n-0002eee0: 2079 6f75 206f 6620 796f 7572 204f 5327 you of your OS'\n-0002eef0: 7320 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e s root partition\n-0002ef00: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0002ef10: 623e 2063 6174 202f 6574 632f 6673 7461 b> cat /etc/fsta\n-0002ef20: 620a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 b.. If the .\n-0002ef30: 8098 2d2d 646f 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f ..--dos... optio\n-0002ef40: 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 n is used, then \n-0002ef50: 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 carriage return \n-0002ef60: 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 / new line. \n-0002ef70: 7061 6972 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 pairs will be di\n-0002ef80: 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 696d splayed as a sim\n-0002ef90: 706c 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 204f ple new line. O\n-0002efa0: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a 2020 therwise, the. \n-0002efb0: 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 carriage retu\n-0002efc0: 726e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c rn will be displ\n-0002efd0: 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 726f ayed as a contro\n-0002efe0: 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 28e2 8098 l character (...\n-0002eff0: 3c64 3ee2 8099 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ...) to. \n-0002f000: 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 make it easier t\n-0002f010: 6f20 7365 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 o see when boot \n-0002f020: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 2063 6175 problems are cau\n-0002f030: 7365 6420 6279 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 sed by a file. \n-0002f040: 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2075 7369 formatted usi\n-0002f050: 6e67 2044 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 206c 696e ng DOS-style lin\n-0002f060: 6520 656e 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 e endings... \n-0002f070: 204e 6f74 653a 20e2 8098 6361 74e2 8099 Note: ...cat...\n-0002f080: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n-0002f090: 7669 6577 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 view the content\n-0002f0a0: 7320 6f66 2064 6576 6963 6573 2075 7369 s of devices usi\n-0002f0b0: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 ng the. bloc\n-0002f0c0: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a k list syntax (*\n-0002f0d0: 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 note Block list \n-0002f0e0: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 486f 7765 syntax::). Howe\n-0002f0f0: 7665 722c 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 ver, it is not. \n-0002f100: 2020 2020 6164 7669 7365 6420 746f 2076 advised to v\n-0002f110: 6965 7720 6269 6e61 7279 2064 6174 6120 iew binary data \n-0002f120: 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 696c 6c20 because it will \n-0002f130: 7472 7920 746f 2064 6563 6f64 6520 5554 try to decode UT\n-0002f140: 462d 380a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e 6773 F-8. strings\n-0002f150: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c65 6164 , which can lead\n-0002f160: 2074 6f20 736f 6d65 2062 7974 6573 206d to some bytes m\n-0002f170: 6973 7369 6e67 206f 7220 6164 6465 6420 issing or added \n-0002f180: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 in the. outp\n-0002f190: 7574 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 7573 ut. Instead, us\n-0002f1a0: 6520 7468 6520 e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 e the ...hexdump\n-0002f1b0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n-0002f1c0: 7465 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a3a 292e 0a0a te hexdump::)...\n-0002f1d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002f1e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c 6561 722c o, Node: clear,\n-0002f1f0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 Next: cmosclea\n-0002f200: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6361 742c 2020 n, Prev: cat, \n-0002f210: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002f220: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002f230: 3130 2063 6c65 6172 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 10 clear.-------\n-0002f240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002f250: 616e 643a 2063 6c65 6172 0a20 2020 2020 and: clear. \n-0002f260: 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e Clear the screen\n-0002f270: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002f280: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f info, Node: cmo\n-0002f290: 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 sclean, Next: c\n-0002f2a0: 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 mosdump, Prev: \n-0002f2b0: 636c 6561 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d clear, Up: Comm\n-0002f2c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0002f2d0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3131 2063 6d6f 7363 s..17.4.11 cmosc\n-0002f2e0: 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lean.-----------\n-0002f2f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002f300: 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2062 and: cmosclean b\n-0002f310: 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 yte:bit. Cle\n-0002f320: 6172 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 ar value of bit \n-0002f330: 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 in CMOS at locat\n-0002f340: 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2054 ion BYTE:BIT. T\n-0002f350: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 his command is. \n-0002f360: 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e available on\n-0002f370: 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 ly on platforms \n-0002f380: 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f that support CMO\n-0002f390: 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 S.....File: grub\n-0002f3a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .info, Node: cm\n-0002f3b0: 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 osdump, Next: c\n-0002f3c0: 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 mostest, Prev: \n-0002f3d0: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 cmosclean, Up: \n-0002f3e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002f3f0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3132 2063 mands..17.4.12 c\n-0002f400: 6d6f 7364 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mosdump.--------\n-0002f410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 4475 --------.. -- Du\n-0002f420: 6d70 3a20 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 mp: CMOS content\n-0002f430: 730a 2020 2020 2044 756d 7020 6675 6c6c s. Dump full\n-0002f440: 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2061 CMOS contents a\n-0002f450: 7320 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 7661 s hexadecimal va\n-0002f460: 6c75 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d lues. This comm\n-0002f470: 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 and is. avai\n-0002f480: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c lable only on pl\n-0002f490: 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 atforms that sup\n-0002f4a0: 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 port CMOS.....Fi\n-0002f4b0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002f4c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 Node: cmostest, \n-0002f4d0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 Next: cmp, Pre\n-0002f4e0: 763a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5570 v: cmosdump, Up\n-0002f4f0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002f500: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3133 ommands..17.4.13\n-0002f510: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmostest.------\n-0002f520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002f530: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 Command: cmostes\n-0002f540: 7420 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 t byte:bit. \n-0002f550: 5465 7374 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 Test value of bi\n-0002f560: 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 t in CMOS at loc\n-0002f570: 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 ation BYTE:BIT. \n-0002f580: 2045 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 730a Exit status is.\n-0002f590: 2020 2020 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 6974 zero if bit\n-0002f5a0: 2069 7320 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 is set, non zer\n-0002f5b0: 6f20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 5468 o otherwise. Th\n-0002f5c0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6176 is command is av\n-0002f5d0: 6169 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c ailable. onl\n-0002f5e0: 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 y on platforms t\n-0002f5f0: 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 hat support CMOS\n-0002f600: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002f610: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 info, Node: cmp\n-0002f620: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 , Next: configf\n-0002f630: 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 ile, Prev: cmos\n-0002f640: 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 test, Up: Comma\n-0002f650: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002f660: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3420 636d 700a 2d2d ..17.4.14 cmp.--\n-0002f670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002f680: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 7020 5b2d 765d ommand: cmp [-v]\n-0002f690: 2066 696c 6531 2066 696c 6532 0a20 2020 file1 file2. \n-0002f6a0: 2020 436f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 Compare the fi\n-0002f6b0: 6c65 2046 494c 4531 2077 6974 6820 7468 le FILE1 with th\n-0002f6c0: 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4532 2e20 2049 e file FILE2. I\n-0002f6d0: 6620 7468 6579 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 706c f they are compl\n-0002f6e0: 6574 656c 790a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 etely. ident\n-0002f6f0: 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 ical, ...$?... w\n-0002f700: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 302e ill be set to 0.\n-0002f710: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2069 6620 Otherwise, if \n-0002f720: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f the files are no\n-0002f730: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c t. identical\n-0002f740: 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 , ...$?... will \n-0002f750: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a be set to a nonz\n-0002f760: 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 ero value... \n-0002f770: 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f 7468 By default noth\n-0002f780: 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6f75 7470 ing will be outp\n-0002f790: 7574 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d ut. If the ...-\n-0002f7a0: 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7665 v... is used, ve\n-0002f7b0: 7262 6f73 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 rbose. mode \n-0002f7c0: 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 is enabled. In \n-0002f7d0: 7468 6973 206d 6f64 6520 7768 656e 2077 this mode when w\n-0002f7e0: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6469 hen the files di\n-0002f7f0: 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2c0a 2020 ffer in size,. \n-0002f800: 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2073 697a print the siz\n-0002f810: 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 es like this:.. \n-0002f820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 Differ \n-0002f830: 696e 2073 697a 653a 2030 7831 3233 3420 in size: 0x1234 \n-0002f840: 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7834 3332 3120 5b62 [foo], 0x4321 [b\n-0002f850: 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 ar].. If the\n-0002f860: 2073 697a 6573 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c sizes are equal\n-0002f870: 2062 7574 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 2061 but the bytes a\n-0002f880: 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 7420 6469 6666 t an offset diff\n-0002f890: 6572 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7072 er, then. pr\n-0002f8a0: 696e 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 6c69 int the bytes li\n-0002f8b0: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ke this:.. \n-0002f8c0: 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 Differ at th\n-0002f8d0: 6520 6f66 6673 6574 2037 3737 3a20 3078 e offset 777: 0x\n-0002f8e0: 6265 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 6566 205b be [foo], 0xef [\n-0002f8f0: 6261 725d 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 bar]....File: gr\n-0002f900: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002f910: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 configfile, Nex\n-0002f920: 743a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: cpuid, Prev:\n-0002f930: 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 cmp, Up: Comma\n-0002f940: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002f950: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3520 636f 6e66 6967 ..17.4.15 config\n-0002f960: 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d file.-----------\n-0002f970: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0002f980: 6d61 6e64 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 mand: configfile\n-0002f990: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 file. Load \n-0002f9a0: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 FILE as a config\n-0002f9b0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 uration file. I\n-0002f9c0: 6620 4649 4c45 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 f FILE defines a\n-0002f9d0: 6e79 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 ny menu. ent\n-0002f9e0: 7269 6573 2c20 7468 656e 2073 686f 7720 ries, then show \n-0002f9f0: 6120 6d65 6e75 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e a menu containin\n-0002fa00: 6720 7468 656d 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 g them immediate\n-0002fa10: 6c79 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 656e ly. Any. en\n-0002fa20: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0002fa30: 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 6520 le changes made \n-0002fa40: 6279 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 by the commands \n-0002fa50: 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 in FILE will not\n-0002fa60: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2070 7265 7365 7276 . be preserv\n-0002fa70: 6564 2061 6674 6572 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 ed after ...conf\n-0002fa80: 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 7265 7475 726e igfile... return\n-0002fa90: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0002faa0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6370 .info, Node: cp\n-0002fab0: 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 632c uid, Next: crc,\n-0002fac0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 Prev: configfi\n-0002fad0: 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 le, Up: Command\n-0002fae0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002faf0: 3137 2e34 2e31 3620 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 17.4.16 cpuid.--\n-0002fb00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002fb10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 6420 Command: cpuid \n-0002fb20: 5b2d 6c5d 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 [-l] [-p]. C\n-0002fb30: 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 heck for CPU fea\n-0002fb40: 7475 7265 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d tures. This com\n-0002fb50: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n-0002fb60: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 360a 2020 ilable on x86. \n-0002fb70: 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 systems... \n-0002fb80: 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c With the ...-l\n-0002fb90: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 ... option, retu\n-0002fba0: 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 2043 rn true if the C\n-0002fbb0: 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6c6f 6e67 PU supports long\n-0002fbc0: 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2028 3634 2d62 mode. (64-b\n-0002fbd0: 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 it)... With \n-0002fbe0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-p... opt\n-0002fbf0: 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 ion, return true\n-0002fc00: 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 7070 if the CPU supp\n-0002fc10: 6f72 7473 2050 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 2020 orts Physical. \n-0002fc20: 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2045 7874 656e Address Exten\n-0002fc30: 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 2e0a 0a20 2020 sion (PAE)... \n-0002fc40: 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 If invoked wit\n-0002fc50: 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 hout options, th\n-0002fc60: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 7572 7265 is command curre\n-0002fc70: 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 6176 6573 2061 7320 ntly behaves as \n-0002fc80: 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 2068 6164 2062 if it. had b\n-0002fc90: 6565 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 een invoked with\n-0002fca0: 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 ...-l.... This\n-0002fcb0: 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e 2074 may change in t\n-0002fcc0: 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 he future.....Fi\n-0002fcd0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002fce0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: crc, Next\n-0002fcf0: 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 : cryptomount, \n-0002fd00: 5072 6576 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 5570 Prev: cpuid, Up\n-0002fd10: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002fd20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3137 ommands..17.4.17\n-0002fd30: 2063 7263 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d crc.-----------\n-0002fd40: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n-0002fd50: 7263 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 rc arg .... \n-0002fd60: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 Alias for ...has\n-0002fd70: 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6372 6333 hsum --hash crc3\n-0002fd80: 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 2 arg ....... S\n-0002fd90: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 ee command ...ha\n-0002fda0: 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a shsum.... (*\n-0002fdb0: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n-0002fdc0: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n-0002fdd0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-0002fde0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002fdf0: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e cryptomount, N\n-0002fe00: 6578 743a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5072 ext: cutmem, Pr\n-0002fe10: 6576 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ev: crc, Up: Co\n-0002fe20: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002fe30: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3138 2063 7279 nds..17.4.18 cry\n-0002fe40: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ptomount.-------\n-0002fe50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002fe60: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7279 7074 - Command: crypt\n-0002fe70: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 205b 205b 2d70 2070 6173 omount [ [-p pas\n-0002fe80: 7377 6f72 645d 207c 205b 2d6b 206b 6579 sword] | [-k key\n-0002fe90: 6669 6c65 205b 2d4f 206b 6579 6f66 6673 file [-O keyoffs\n-0002fea0: 6574 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d et]. [-\n-0002feb0: 5320 6b65 7973 697a 655d 205d 205d 205b S keysize] ] ] [\n-0002fec0: 2d48 2066 696c 655d 2064 6576 6963 657c -H file] device|\n-0002fed0: 2d75 2075 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d 620a 2020 -u uuid|-a|-b. \n-0002fee0: 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 Setup access \n-0002fef0: 746f 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 to encrypted dev\n-0002ff00: 6963 652e 2020 4120 7061 7373 7068 7261 ice. A passphra\n-0002ff10: 7365 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6571 7565 se will be reque\n-0002ff20: 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7261 sted. intera\n-0002ff30: 6374 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 6e65 6974 ctively, if neit\n-0002ff40: 6865 7220 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 her the ...-p...\n-0002ff50: 206e 6f72 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 nor ...-k... op\n-0002ff60: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6769 7665 6e2e tions are given.\n-0002ff70: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f The. optio\n-0002ff80: 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 n ...-p... can b\n-0002ff90: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 e used to supply\n-0002ffa0: 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 2875 a passphrase (u\n-0002ffb0: 7365 6675 6c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2073 seful for. s\n-0002ffc0: 6372 6970 7473 292e 2020 416c 7465 726e cripts). Altern\n-0002ffd0: 6174 6976 656c 7920 7468 6520 e280 982d atively the ...-\n-0002ffe0: 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 k... option can \n-0002fff0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c be used to suppl\n-00030000: 7920 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 6669 6c65 y a. keyfile\n-00030010: 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 e280 with options ..\n-00030020: 982d 4fe2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d53 .-O... and ...-S\n-00030030: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2073 ... optionally s\n-00030040: 7570 706c 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206f 6666 upplying the off\n-00030050: 7365 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2073 697a set. and siz\n-00030060: 652c 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792c e, respectively,\n-00030070: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 7461 of the key data\n-00030080: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 in the given ke\n-00030090: 7920 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 y file. The. \n-000300a0: 2020 e280 982d 48e2 8099 206f 7074 696f ...-H... optio\n-000300b0: 6e73 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 ns can be used t\n-000300c0: 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2063 7279 7074 6f6d o supply cryptom\n-000300d0: 6f75 6e74 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 7320 7769 ount backends wi\n-000300e0: 7468 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c74 6572 th an. alter\n-000300f0: 6e61 7469 7665 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 native header fi\n-00030100: 6c65 2028 616b 6120 6465 7461 6368 6564 le (aka detached\n-00030110: 2068 6561 6465 7229 2e20 204e 6f74 2061 header). Not a\n-00030120: 6c6c 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 730a 2020 2020 ll backends. \n-00030130: 2068 6176 6520 6865 6164 6572 7320 6e6f have headers no\n-00030140: 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 7465 726e r support altern\n-00030150: 6174 6976 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c ative header fil\n-00030160: 6573 2028 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e es (currently on\n-00030170: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 4c55 4b53 3120 616e ly. LUKS1 an\n-00030180: 6420 4c55 4b53 3220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 d LUKS2 support \n-00030190: 7468 656d 292e 2020 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 them). Argument\n-000301a0: 2044 4556 4943 4520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 DEVICE configur\n-000301b0: 6573 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 es specific. \n-000301c0: 2067 7275 6220 6465 7669 6365 2028 2a6e grub device (*n\n-000301d0: 6f74 6520 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 ote Naming conve\n-000301e0: 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e ntion::); option\n-000301f0: 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 5555 4944 0a20 ...-u... UUID. \n-00030200: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2064 configures d\n-00030210: 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 2073 7065 6369 evice with speci\n-00030220: 6669 6564 2055 5549 443b 206f 7074 696f fied UUID; optio\n-00030230: 6e20 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 n ...-a... confi\n-00030240: 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 gures all. d\n-00030250: 6574 6563 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 7465 etected encrypte\n-00030260: 6420 6465 7669 6365 733b 206f 7074 696f d devices; optio\n-00030270: 6e20 e280 982d 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 n ...-b... confi\n-00030280: 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c20 6765 6c69 0a20 gures all geli. \n-00030290: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2074 containers t\n-000302a0: 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 666c hat have boot fl\n-000302b0: 6167 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4465 ag set... De\n-000302c0: 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c vices are not al\n-000302d0: 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2062 6520 6769 7665 lowed to be give\n-000302e0: 6e20 6173 206b 6579 2066 696c 6573 206e n as key files n\n-000302f0: 6f72 2061 7320 6465 7461 6368 6564 0a20 or as detached. \n-00030300: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 header files\n-00030310: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6973 . However, this\n-00030320: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 limitation can \n-00030330: 6265 2077 6f72 6b65 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 be worked around\n-00030340: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2062 by. using b\n-00030350: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782e locklist syntax.\n-00030360: 2020 536f 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 So for instanc\n-00030370: 652c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c67 7074 3229 e, ...(hd1,gpt2)\n-00030380: e280 9920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 ... can not be. \n-00030390: 2020 2020 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 e280 used, but ..\n-000303a0: 9828 6864 312c 6770 7432 2930 2be2 8099 .(hd1,gpt2)0+...\n-000303b0: 2077 696c 6c20 6163 6869 6576 6520 7468 will achieve th\n-000303c0: 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 7265 7375 6c74 e desired result\n-000303d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 7570 ... GRUB sup\n-000303e0: 6f72 7473 2064 6576 6963 6573 2065 6e63 orts devices enc\n-000303f0: 7279 7074 6564 2075 7369 6e67 204c 554b rypted using LUK\n-00030400: 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2067 656c S, LUKS2 and gel\n-00030410: 692e 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 i. Note. th\n-00030420: 6174 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206d 6f64 at necessary mod\n-00030430: 756c 6573 2028 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 ules (LUKS, LUKS\n-00030440: 3220 616e 6420 4745 4c49 2920 6861 7665 2 and GELI) have\n-00030450: 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 640a 2020 to be loaded. \n-00030460: 2020 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 666f manually befo\n-00030470: 7265 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 re this command \n-00030480: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642e 2020 466f can be used. Fo\n-00030490: 7220 4c55 4b53 3220 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 r LUKS2 only the\n-000304a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5042 4b44 4632 206b 6579 . PBKDF2 key\n-000304b0: 2064 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 derivation func\n-000304c0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 tion is supporte\n-000304d0: 642c 2061 7320 4172 676f 6e32 2069 7320 d, as Argon2 is \n-000304e0: 6e6f 7420 7965 740a 2020 2020 2073 7570 not yet. sup\n-000304f0: 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 ported... Su\n-00030500: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2064 6563 7279 ccessfully decry\n-00030510: 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 206e pted disks are n\n-00030520: 616d 6564 2061 7320 2863 7279 7074 6f58 amed as (cryptoX\n-00030530: 2920 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 ) and have. \n-00030540: 696e 6372 6561 7369 6e67 206e 756d 6572 increasing numer\n-00030550: 6174 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 2066 6f72 ation suffix for\n-00030560: 2065 6163 6820 6e65 7720 6465 6372 7970 each new decryp\n-00030570: 7465 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ted disk. If th\n-00030580: 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 e. encrypted\n-00030590: 2064 6973 6b20 686f 7374 7320 736f 6d65 disk hosts some\n-000305a0: 2068 6967 6865 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 higher level of\n-000305b0: 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 2028 6c69 abstraction (li\n-000305c0: 6b65 204c 564d 3220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 ke LVM2 or. \n-000305d0: 4d44 5241 4944 2920 6974 2077 696c 6c20 MDRAID) it will \n-000305e0: 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 be created under\n-000305f0: 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6465 7669 a separate devi\n-00030600: 6365 206e 616d 6573 7061 6365 2069 6e0a ce namespace in.\n-00030610: 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f addition to\n-00030620: 2074 6865 2063 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b20 the cryptodisk \n-00030630: 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 namespace... \n-00030640: 2053 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 Support for pla\n-00030650: 696e 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6d6f in encryption mo\n-00030660: 6465 2028 706c 6169 6e20 646d 2d63 7279 de (plain dm-cry\n-00030670: 7074 2920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 pt) is provided \n-00030680: 7669 610a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 via. separat\n-00030690: 6520 e280 982a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e e ...*note plain\n-000306a0: 6d6f 756e 743a 3ae2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 mount::... comma\n-000306b0: 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 nd.....File: gru\n-000306c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-000306d0: 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6461 utmem, Next: da\n-000306e0: 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7279 7074 te, Prev: crypt\n-000306f0: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d omount, Up: Com\n-00030700: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00030710: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3920 6375 746d ds..17.4.19 cutm\n-00030720: 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d em.-------------\n-00030730: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00030740: 6375 746d 656d 2066 726f 6d5b 4b7c 4d7c cutmem from[K|M|\n-00030750: 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 0a20 2020 G] to[K|M|G]. \n-00030760: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 206d 656d Remove any mem\n-00030770: 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 696e 2073 ory regions in s\n-00030780: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 616e 6765 2e0a pecified range..\n-00030790: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n-000307a0: 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 nd notifies the \n-000307b0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 memory manager t\n-000307c0: 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 hat specified re\n-000307d0: 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 gions of. RA\n-000307e0: 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 M ought to be fi\n-000307f0: 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2054 6869 ltered out. Thi\n-00030800: 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 s remains in eff\n-00030810: 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 610a 2020 2020 ect after a. \n-00030820: 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 payload kernel \n-00030830: 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 has been loaded \n-00030840: 6279 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 by GRUB, as long\n-00030850: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 as the loaded. \n-00030860: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 kernel obtai\n-00030870: 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 ns its memory ma\n-00030880: 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 204b 6572 p from GRUB. Ker\n-00030890: 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 nels that suppor\n-000308a0: 7420 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 696e 636c t this. incl\n-000308b0: 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 204d ude Linux, GNU M\n-000308c0: 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ach, the kernel \n-000308d0: 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d of FreeBSD and M\n-000308e0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 ultiboot. ke\n-000308f0: 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 616c rnels in general\n-00030900: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d ... The comm\n-00030910: 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 and is similar t\n-00030920: 6f20 e280 9862 6164 7261 6de2 8099 2063 o ...badram... c\n-00030930: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f ommand... No\n-00030940: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n-00030950: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n-00030960: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n-00030970: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n-00030980: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n-00030990: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 . This prevents\n-000309a0: 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 removing EFI me\n-000309b0: 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a mory regions to.\n-000309c0: 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 potentially\n-000309d0: 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 subvert the sec\n-000309e0: 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 urity mechanisms\n-000309f0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 provided by the\n-00030a00: 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 UEFI. secur\n-00030a10: 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a e boot.....File:\n-00030a20: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00030a30: 653a 2064 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: date, Next: \n-00030a40: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 7265 devicetree, Pre\n-00030a50: 763a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: cutmem, Up: \n-00030a60: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00030a70: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3230 2064 mands..17.4.20 d\n-00030a80: 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ate.------------\n-00030a90: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 .. -- Command: d\n-00030aa0: 6174 6520 5b5b 7965 6172 2d5d 6d6f 6e74 ate [[year-]mont\n-00030ab0: 682d 6461 795d 205b 686f 7572 3a6d 696e h-day] [hour:min\n-00030ac0: 7574 655b 3a73 6563 6f6e 645d 5d0a 2020 ute[:second]]. \n-00030ad0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d With no argum\n-00030ae0: 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 ents, print the \n-00030af0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 current date and\n-00030b00: 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 time... Oth\n-00030b10: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 6865 erwise, take the\n-00030b20: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e current date an\n-00030b30: 6420 7469 6d65 2c20 6368 616e 6765 2061 d time, change a\n-00030b40: 6e79 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 ny elements. \n-00030b50: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 6172 specified as ar\n-00030b60: 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 guments, and set\n-00030b70: 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 2074 the result as t\n-00030b80: 6865 206e 6577 2064 6174 6520 616e 640a he new date and.\n-00030b90: 2020 2020 2074 696d 652e 2020 466f 7220 time. For \n-00030ba0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2027 6461 7465 2030 example, 'date 0\n-00030bb0: 312d 3031 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 1-01' will set t\n-00030bc0: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6f6e 7468 he current month\n-00030bd0: 2061 6e64 2064 6179 0a20 2020 2020 746f and day. to\n-00030be0: 204a 616e 7561 7279 2031 2c20 6275 7420 January 1, but \n-00030bf0: 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6520 7965 6172 2c20 leave the year, \n-00030c00: 686f 7572 2c20 6d69 6e75 7465 2c20 616e hour, minute, an\n-00030c10: 6420 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 756e d second. un\n-00030c20: 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 changed.....File\n-00030c30: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00030c40: 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 de: devicetree, \n-00030c50: 204e 6578 743a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c Next: distrust,\n-00030c60: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2055 Prev: date, U\n-00030c70: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00030c80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n-00030c90: 3120 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 1 devicetree.---\n-00030ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00030cb0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 . -- Command: de\n-00030cc0: 7669 6365 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a 2020 vicetree file. \n-00030cd0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 Load a device\n-00030ce0: 2074 7265 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 tree blob (.dtb\n-00030cf0: 2920 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 ) from a filesys\n-00030d00: 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2075 tem, for later u\n-00030d10: 7365 2062 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c 696e se by. a Lin\n-00030d20: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 ux kernel. Does\n-00030d30: 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d 6572 not perform mer\n-00030d40: 6769 6e67 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 6465 ging with any de\n-00030d50: 7669 6365 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 2073 vice tree. s\n-00030d60: 7570 706c 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 upplied by firmw\n-00030d70: 6172 652c 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 7220 are, but rather \n-00030d80: 7265 706c 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f 6d70 replaces it comp\n-00030d90: 6c65 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f letely... No\n-00030da0: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n-00030db0: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n-00030dc0: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n-00030dd0: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n-00030de0: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n-00030df0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 . This is done \n-00030e00: 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 to prevent subve\n-00030e10: 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 rting various se\n-00030e20: 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 curity. mech\n-00030e30: 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a anisms.....File:\n-00030e40: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00030e50: 653a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 e: distrust, Ne\n-00030e60: 7874 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2050 xt: drivemap, P\n-00030e70: 7265 763a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c rev: devicetree,\n-00030e80: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00030e90: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00030ea0: 342e 3232 2064 6973 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 4.22 distrust.--\n-00030eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00030ec0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6973 -- Command: dis\n-00030ed0: 7472 7573 7420 7075 626b 6579 5f69 640a trust pubkey_id.\n-00030ee0: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 7075 626c Remove publ\n-00030ef0: 6963 206b 6579 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 ic key PUBKEY_ID\n-00030f00: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 206b 6579 from GRUB's key\n-00030f10: 7269 6e67 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 ring of trusted \n-00030f20: 6b65 7973 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 keys.. PUBKE\n-00030f30: 595f 4944 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 Y_ID is the last\n-00030f40: 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 2865 6967 four bytes (eig\n-00030f50: 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 ht hexadecimal d\n-00030f60: 6967 6974 7329 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 igits) of the. \n-00030f70: 2020 2047 5047 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6964 GPG v4 key id\n-00030f80: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 , which is also \n-00030f90: 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 e280 the output of ..\n-00030fa0: 986c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 64e2 8099 .list_trusted...\n-00030fb0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 (*note. lis\n-00030fc0: 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a29 2e20 204f t_trusted::). O\n-00030fd0: 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2c20 utside of GRUB, \n-00030fe0: 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6964 2063 616e 2062 the key id can b\n-00030ff0: 6520 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2075 7369 6e67 e obtained using\n-00031000: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 . ...gpg --f\n-00031010: 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 ingerprint...). \n-00031020: 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 These keys are \n-00031030: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 used to validate\n-00031040: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2020 2020 signatures. \n-00031050: 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e when environmen\n-00031060: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 t variable ...ch\n-00031070: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n-00031080: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 . is set to ...e\n-00031090: 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 nforce.... (\n-000310a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e *note check_sign\n-000310b0: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2062 atures::), and b\n-000310c0: 7920 736f 6d65 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f y some invocatio\n-000310d0: 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7665 ns of. ...ve\n-000310e0: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 64e2 8099 rify_detached...\n-000310f0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 (*note verify_d\n-00031100: 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 202a 4e6f etached::). *No\n-00031110: 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c te Using digital\n-00031120: 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 . signatures\n-00031130: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 ::, for more inf\n-00031140: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n-00031150: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00031160: 6f64 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 ode: drivemap, \n-00031170: 4e65 7874 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2050 7265 Next: echo, Pre\n-00031180: 763a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 v: distrust, Up\n-00031190: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-000311a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3233 ommands..17.4.23\n-000311b0: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d drivemap.------\n-000311c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-000311d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 Command: drivema\n-000311e0: 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c 5b2d 735d 2066 726f p -l|-r|[-s] fro\n-000311f0: 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 746f 5f64 7269 7665 m_drive to_drive\n-00031200: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 . Without op\n-00031210: 7469 6f6e 732c 206d 6170 2074 6865 2064 tions, map the d\n-00031220: 7269 7665 2046 524f 4d5f 4452 4956 4520 rive FROM_DRIVE \n-00031230: 746f 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2054 4f5f to the drive TO_\n-00031240: 4452 4956 452e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 DRIVE.. This\n-00031250: 2069 7320 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7768 is necessary wh\n-00031260: 656e 2079 6f75 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 en you chain-loa\n-00031270: 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 d some operating\n-00031280: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7375 6368 0a20 systems, such. \n-00031290: 2020 2020 6173 2044 4f53 2c20 6966 2073 as DOS, if s\n-000312a0: 7563 6820 616e 204f 5320 7265 7369 6465 uch an OS reside\n-000312b0: 7320 6174 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 s at a non-first\n-000312c0: 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 drive. For. \n-000312d0: 2020 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2061 convenience, a\n-000312e0: 6e79 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 ny partition suf\n-000312f0: 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 fix on the drive\n-00031300: 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642c 2073 6f20 is ignored, so \n-00031310: 796f 750a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2073 6166 you. can saf\n-00031320: 656c 7920 7573 6520 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 ely use ${root} \n-00031330: 6173 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 as a drive speci\n-00031340: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 fication... \n-00031350: 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 With the ...-s..\n-00031360: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 . option, perfor\n-00031370: 6d20 7468 6520 7265 7665 7273 6520 6d61 m the reverse ma\n-00031380: 7070 696e 6720 6173 2077 656c 6c2c 2073 pping as well, s\n-00031390: 7761 7070 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 wapping. the\n-000313a0: 2074 776f 2064 7269 7665 732e 0a0a 2020 two drives... \n-000313b0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d With the ...-\n-000313c0: 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c 6973 l... option, lis\n-000313d0: 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d61 t the current ma\n-000313e0: 7070 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ppings... Wi\n-000313f0: 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d72 e280 9920 th the ...-r... \n-00031400: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 7420 616c option, reset al\n-00031410: 6c20 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7468 l mappings to th\n-00031420: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 e default values\n-00031430: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d ... For exam\n-00031440: 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ple:.. \n-00031450: 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 drivemap -s (hd0\n-00031460: 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4e4f ) (hd1).. NO\n-00031470: 5445 3a20 4f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 TE: Only availab\n-00031480: 6c65 206f 6e20 6933 3836 2d70 632e 0a0a le on i386-pc...\n-00031490: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000314a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 o, Node: echo, \n-000314b0: 204e 6578 743a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f Next: efitextmo\n-000314c0: 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 7665 de, Prev: drive\n-000314d0: 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e map, Up: Comman\n-000314e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-000314f0: 0a31 372e 342e 3234 2065 6368 6f0a 2d2d .17.4.24 echo.--\n-00031500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00031510: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6368 6f20 5b2d Command: echo [-\n-00031520: 6e5d 205b 2d65 5d20 7374 7269 6e67 202e n] [-e] string .\n-00031530: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 ... Display \n-00031540: 7468 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 7465 the requested te\n-00031550: 7874 2061 6e64 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2074 xt and, unless t\n-00031560: 6865 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 9920 6f70 7469 he ...-n... opti\n-00031570: 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 610a 2020 on is used, a. \n-00031580: 2020 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 trailing new \n-00031590: 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 line. If there \n-000315a0: 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 is more than one\n-000315b0: 2073 7472 696e 672c 2074 6865 7920 6172 string, they ar\n-000315c0: 650a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 e. separated\n-000315d0: 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2069 6e20 7468 by spaces in th\n-000315e0: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2041 7320 7573 e output. As us\n-000315f0: 7561 6c20 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d ual in GRUB comm\n-00031600: 616e 6473 2c0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 ands,. varia\n-00031610: 626c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 7375 6273 bles may be subs\n-00031620: 7469 7475 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 tituted using ..\n-00031630: 9824 7b76 6172 7de2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 .${var}...... \n-00031640: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 65e2 8099 206f The ...-e... o\n-00031650: 7074 696f 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 7320 696e ption enables in\n-00031660: 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 terpretation of \n-00031670: 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 backslash escape\n-00031680: 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c s. The. fol\n-00031690: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 lowing sequences\n-000316a0: 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 643a are recognised:\n-000316b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c5c e280 990a .. ...\\\\....\n-000316c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 636b 736c backsl\n-000316d0: 6173 680a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 61e2 ash.. ...\\a.\n-000316e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c65 ... ale\n-000316f0: 7274 2028 4245 4c29 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 rt (BEL).. .\n-00031700: 8098 5c63 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\c.... \n-00031710: 2020 7375 7070 7265 7373 2074 7261 696c suppress trail\n-00031720: 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 ing new line.. \n-00031730: 2020 20e2 8098 5c66 e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\f.... \n-00031740: 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 2066 6565 640a form feed.\n-00031750: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 6ee2 8099 0a20 . ...\\n.... \n-00031760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 206c 696e new lin\n-00031770: 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 72e2 8099 e.. ...\\r...\n-00031780: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 . carri\n-00031790: 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 0a0a 2020 2020 age return.. \n-000317a0: 20e2 8098 5c74 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\t.... \n-000317b0: 2020 2020 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2074 horizontal t\n-000317c0: 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c76 e280 ab.. ...\\v..\n-000317d0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7274 .. vert\n-000317e0: 6963 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 ical tab.. W\n-000317f0: 6865 6e20 696e 7465 7270 7265 7469 6e67 hen interpreting\n-00031800: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 backslash escap\n-00031810: 6573 2c20 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 666f es, backslash fo\n-00031820: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 616e 790a 2020 llowed by any. \n-00031830: 2020 206f 7468 6572 2063 6861 7261 6374 other charact\n-00031840: 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 er will print th\n-00031850: 6174 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a1f at character....\n-00031860: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00031870: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 7874 , Node: efitext\n-00031880: 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 7661 mode, Next: eva\n-00031890: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 l, Prev: echo, \n-000318a0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-000318b0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-000318c0: 2e32 3520 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 650a .25 efitextmode.\n+0002e510: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002e520: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 background_imag\n+0002e530: 6520 5b5b 2d2d 6d6f 6465 2073 7472 6574 e [[--mode stret\n+0002e540: 6368 7c6e 6f72 6d61 6c5d 2066 696c 655d ch|normal] file]\n+0002e550: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 6163 6b67 . Load backg\n+0002e560: 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 round image for \n+0002e570: 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 active terminal \n+0002e580: 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 496d 6167 from FILE. Imag\n+0002e590: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7265 7463 e is. stretc\n+0002e5a0: 6865 6420 746f 2066 696c 6c20 7570 2065 hed to fill up e\n+0002e5b0: 6e74 6972 6520 7363 7265 656e 2075 6e6c ntire screen unl\n+0002e5c0: 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d ess option ...--\n+0002e5d0: 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 mode... ...norma\n+0002e5e0: 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 l.... is giv\n+0002e5f0: 656e 2e20 2057 6974 686f 7574 2061 7267 en. Without arg\n+0002e600: 756d 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 6520 6375 uments remove cu\n+0002e610: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 rrently loaded b\n+0002e620: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2069 ackground. i\n+0002e630: 6d61 6765 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 726f 756e mage. Backgroun\n+0002e640: 6420 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 d image can be c\n+0002e650: 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e hanged only when\n+0002e660: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 using ...gfxter\n+0002e670: 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 7465 m.... for te\n+0002e680: 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a rminal output...\n+0002e690: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002e6a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 6472 616d o, Node: badram\n+0002e6b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 , Next: blockli\n+0002e6c0: 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 st, Prev: backg\n+0002e6d0: 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 5570 round_image, Up\n+0002e6e0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0002e6f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3620 ommands..17.4.6 \n+0002e700: 6261 6472 616d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d badram.---------\n+0002e710: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002e720: 643a 2062 6164 7261 6d20 6164 6472 2c6d d: badram addr,m\n+0002e730: 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 722c 6d61 736b 2e2e ask[,addr,mask..\n+0002e740: 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c74 6572 206f .]. Filter o\n+0002e750: 7574 2062 6164 2052 414d 2e0a 0a20 2020 ut bad RAM... \n+0002e760: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e This command n\n+0002e770: 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f otifies the memo\n+0002e780: 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 ry manager that \n+0002e790: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e specified region\n+0002e7a0: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 s of. RAM ou\n+0002e7b0: 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 ght to be filter\n+0002e7c0: 6564 206f 7574 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c ed out (usually,\n+0002e7d0: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7927 7265 because they're\n+0002e7e0: 2064 616d 6167 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 damaged).. \n+0002e7f0: 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 This remains in \n+0002e800: 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 6572 2061 2070 effect after a p\n+0002e810: 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 ayload kernel ha\n+0002e820: 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 s been loaded by\n+0002e830: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2c20 6173 206c . GRUB, as l\n+0002e840: 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 ong as the loade\n+0002e850: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 d kernel obtains\n+0002e860: 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 its memory map \n+0002e870: 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e20 from. GRUB. \n+0002e880: 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 Kernels that su\n+0002e890: 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 2069 6e63 6c75 pport this inclu\n+0002e8a0: 6465 204c 696e 7578 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 de Linux, GNU Ma\n+0002e8b0: 6368 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206b 6572 ch, the. ker\n+0002e8c0: 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 nel of FreeBSD a\n+0002e8d0: 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 nd Multiboot ker\n+0002e8e0: 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e nels in general.\n+0002e8f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 796e 7461 7820 6973 .. Syntax is\n+0002e900: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2070 726f the same as pro\n+0002e910: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 204d 656d vided by the Mem\n+0002e920: 7465 7374 3836 2b20 7574 696c 6974 790a test86+ utility.\n+0002e930: 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 (http://www\n+0002e940: 2e6d 656d 7465 7374 2e6f 7267 2f29 3a20 .memtest.org/): \n+0002e950: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6164 6472 6573 a list of addres\n+0002e960: 732f 6d61 736b 2070 6169 7273 2e20 2047 s/mask pairs. G\n+0002e970: 6976 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6765 iven a. page\n+0002e980: 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 -aligned address\n+0002e990: 2061 6e64 2061 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 and a base addr\n+0002e9a0: 6573 7320 2f20 6d61 736b 2070 6169 722c ess / mask pair,\n+0002e9b0: 2069 6620 616c 6c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 if all the. \n+0002e9c0: 2062 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6167 bits of the pag\n+0002e9d0: 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 6164 6472 6573 e-aligned addres\n+0002e9e0: 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2065 6e61 626c s that are enabl\n+0002e9f0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6d61 736b 206d ed by the mask m\n+0002ea00: 6174 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 atch. with t\n+0002ea10: 6865 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 732c he base address,\n+0002ea20: 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6973 2070 it means this p\n+0002ea30: 6167 6520 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c age is to be fil\n+0002ea40: 7465 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 tered. This. \n+0002ea50: 2020 7379 6e74 6178 206d 616b 6573 2069 syntax makes i\n+0002ea60: 7420 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6573 t easy to repres\n+0002ea70: 656e 7420 7061 7474 6572 6e73 2074 6861 ent patterns tha\n+0002ea80: 7420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 7265 7375 t are often resu\n+0002ea90: 6c74 206f 660a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 lt of. memor\n+0002eaa0: 7920 6461 6d61 6765 2c20 6475 6520 746f y damage, due to\n+0002eab0: 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6469 7374 7269 physical distri\n+0002eac0: 6275 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6d65 6d6f 7279 bution of memory\n+0002ead0: 2063 656c 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 cells... Th\n+0002eae0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d e command is sim\n+0002eaf0: 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9863 7574 6d65 ilar to ...cutme\n+0002eb00: 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 m... command... \n+0002eb10: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f Note: The co\n+0002eb20: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c mmand is not all\n+0002eb30: 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f owed when lockdo\n+0002eb40: 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 wn is enforced (\n+0002eb50: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 *note. Lockd\n+0002eb60: 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 own::). This pr\n+0002eb70: 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 events removing \n+0002eb80: 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f EFI memory regio\n+0002eb90: 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e ns to. poten\n+0002eba0: 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 tially subvert t\n+0002ebb0: 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 he security mech\n+0002ebc0: 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 anisms provided \n+0002ebd0: 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 by the UEFI. \n+0002ebe0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f secure boot....\n+0002ebf0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002ec00: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 , Node: blockli\n+0002ec10: 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6f6f 742c st, Next: boot,\n+0002ec20: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 Prev: badram, \n+0002ec30: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002ec40: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0002ec50: 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a2d 2d2d .7 blocklist.---\n+0002ec60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0002ec70: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626c 6f63 -- Command: bloc\n+0002ec80: 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 klist file. \n+0002ec90: 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 Print a block li\n+0002eca0: 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b20 st (*note Block \n+0002ecb0: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2066 list syntax::) f\n+0002ecc0: 6f72 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 or FILE.....File\n+0002ecd0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002ece0: 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: boot, Next:\n+0002ecf0: 2063 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6c6f cat, Prev: blo\n+0002ed00: 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d cklist, Up: Com\n+0002ed10: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0002ed20: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 2062 6f6f 740a ds..17.4.8 boot.\n+0002ed30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002ed40: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626f 6f74 0a20 Command: boot. \n+0002ed50: 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 204f 5320 Boot the OS \n+0002ed60: 6f72 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 7220 or chain-loader \n+0002ed70: 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c which has been l\n+0002ed80: 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206e 6563 oaded. Only nec\n+0002ed90: 6573 7361 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2072 essary. if r\n+0002eda0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c79 unning the fully\n+0002edb0: 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 2063 6f6d interactive com\n+0002edc0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 2869 7420 6973 mand-line (it is\n+0002edd0: 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 7420 6174 0a20 2020 implicit at. \n+0002ede0: 2020 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2061 206d the end of a m\n+0002edf0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 enu entry).....F\n+0002ee00: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002ee10: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6174 2c20 204e 6578 Node: cat, Nex\n+0002ee20: 743a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: clear, Prev:\n+0002ee30: 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d boot, Up: Comm\n+0002ee40: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002ee50: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3920 6361 740a 2d2d s..17.4.9 cat.--\n+0002ee60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002ee70: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6174 205b 2d2d 646f mmand: cat [--do\n+0002ee80: 735d 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2044 6973 s] file. Dis\n+0002ee90: 706c 6179 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 play the content\n+0002eea0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 s of the file FI\n+0002eeb0: 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e LE. This comman\n+0002eec0: 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c0a d may be useful.\n+0002eed0: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7265 6d69 6e64 2079 to remind y\n+0002eee0: 6f75 206f 6620 796f 7572 204f 5327 7320 ou of your OS's \n+0002eef0: 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a root partition:.\n+0002ef00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0002ef10: 2063 6174 202f 6574 632f 6673 7461 620a cat /etc/fstab.\n+0002ef20: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 . If the ...\n+0002ef30: 2d2d 646f 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 --dos... option \n+0002ef40: 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 6361 is used, then ca\n+0002ef50: 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 2f20 rriage return / \n+0002ef60: 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7061 new line. pa\n+0002ef70: 6972 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 irs will be disp\n+0002ef80: 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 696d 706c layed as a simpl\n+0002ef90: 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 204f 7468 e new line. Oth\n+0002efa0: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 erwise, the. \n+0002efb0: 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e carriage return\n+0002efc0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 will be display\n+0002efd0: 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 ed as a control \n+0002efe0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 28e2 8098 3c64 character (......) to. ma\n+0002f000: 6b65 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 ke it easier to \n+0002f010: 7365 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 see when boot pr\n+0002f020: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 2063 6175 7365 oblems are cause\n+0002f030: 6420 6279 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 d by a file. \n+0002f040: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2075 7369 6e67 formatted using\n+0002f050: 2044 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 206c 696e 6520 DOS-style line \n+0002f060: 656e 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e endings... N\n+0002f070: 6f74 653a 20e2 8098 6361 74e2 8099 2063 ote: ...cat... c\n+0002f080: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7669 an be used to vi\n+0002f090: 6577 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 ew the contents \n+0002f0a0: 6f66 2064 6576 6963 6573 2075 7369 6e67 of devices using\n+0002f0b0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 the. block \n+0002f0c0: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f list syntax (*no\n+0002f0d0: 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 te Block list sy\n+0002f0e0: 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 486f 7765 7665 ntax::). Howeve\n+0002f0f0: 722c 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 r, it is not. \n+0002f100: 2020 6164 7669 7365 6420 746f 2076 6965 advised to vie\n+0002f110: 7720 6269 6e61 7279 2064 6174 6120 6265 w binary data be\n+0002f120: 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 cause it will tr\n+0002f130: 7920 746f 2064 6563 6f64 6520 5554 462d y to decode UTF-\n+0002f140: 380a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e 6773 2c20 8. strings, \n+0002f150: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c65 6164 2074 which can lead t\n+0002f160: 6f20 736f 6d65 2062 7974 6573 206d 6973 o some bytes mis\n+0002f170: 7369 6e67 206f 7220 6164 6465 6420 696e sing or added in\n+0002f180: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 the. output\n+0002f190: 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 7573 6520 . Instead, use \n+0002f1a0: 7468 6520 e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 e280 the ...hexdump..\n+0002f1b0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n+0002f1c0: 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a hexdump::).....\n+0002f1d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002f1e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 Node: clear, \n+0002f1f0: 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c Next: cmosclean,\n+0002f200: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6361 742c 2020 5570 Prev: cat, Up\n+0002f210: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0002f220: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3130 ommands..17.4.10\n+0002f230: 2063 6c65 6172 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d clear.---------\n+0002f240: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002f250: 643a 2063 6c65 6172 0a20 2020 2020 436c d: clear. Cl\n+0002f260: 6561 7220 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a ear the screen..\n+0002f270: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002f280: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 fo, Node: cmosc\n+0002f290: 6c65 616e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f lean, Next: cmo\n+0002f2a0: 7364 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636c sdump, Prev: cl\n+0002f2b0: 6561 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ear, Up: Comman\n+0002f2c0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0002f2d0: 0a31 372e 342e 3131 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 .17.4.11 cmoscle\n+0002f2e0: 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d an.-------------\n+0002f2f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002f300: 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2062 7974 d: cmosclean byt\n+0002f310: 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 e:bit. Clear\n+0002f320: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e value of bit in\n+0002f330: 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f CMOS at locatio\n+0002f340: 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2054 6869 n BYTE:BIT. Thi\n+0002f350: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 s command is. \n+0002f360: 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 available only\n+0002f370: 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 on platforms th\n+0002f380: 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e at support CMOS.\n+0002f390: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002f3a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 nfo, Node: cmos\n+0002f3b0: 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f dump, Next: cmo\n+0002f3c0: 7374 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d stest, Prev: cm\n+0002f3d0: 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f osclean, Up: Co\n+0002f3e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002f3f0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3132 2063 6d6f nds..17.4.12 cmo\n+0002f400: 7364 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sdump.----------\n+0002f410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 4475 6d70 ------.. -- Dump\n+0002f420: 3a20 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 730a : CMOS contents.\n+0002f430: 2020 2020 2044 756d 7020 6675 6c6c 2043 Dump full C\n+0002f440: 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2061 7320 MOS contents as \n+0002f450: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 7661 6c75 hexadecimal valu\n+0002f460: 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e es. This comman\n+0002f470: 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 d is. availa\n+0002f480: 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 ble only on plat\n+0002f490: 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f forms that suppo\n+0002f4a0: 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rt CMOS.....File\n+0002f4b0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002f4c0: 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 204e de: cmostest, N\n+0002f4d0: 6578 743a 2063 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a ext: cmp, Prev:\n+0002f4e0: 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 cmosdump, Up: \n+0002f4f0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002f500: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3133 2063 mands..17.4.13 c\n+0002f510: 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mostest.--------\n+0002f520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002f530: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 7420 mmand: cmostest \n+0002f540: 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 5465 byte:bit. Te\n+0002f550: 7374 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 st value of bit \n+0002f560: 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 in CMOS at locat\n+0002f570: 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2045 ion BYTE:BIT. E\n+0002f580: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 730a 2020 xit status is. \n+0002f590: 2020 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 6974 2069 zero if bit i\n+0002f5a0: 7320 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 s set, non zero \n+0002f5b0: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 5468 6973 otherwise. This\n+0002f5c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6176 6169 command is avai\n+0002f5d0: 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 lable. only \n+0002f5e0: 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 on platforms tha\n+0002f5f0: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a t support CMOS..\n+0002f600: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002f610: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 2c20 fo, Node: cmp, \n+0002f620: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c Next: configfil\n+0002f630: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 e, Prev: cmoste\n+0002f640: 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 st, Up: Command\n+0002f650: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002f660: 3137 2e34 2e31 3420 636d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.14 cmp.----\n+0002f670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002f680: 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 7020 5b2d 765d 2066 mand: cmp [-v] f\n+0002f690: 696c 6531 2066 696c 6532 0a20 2020 2020 ile1 file2. \n+0002f6a0: 436f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 Compare the file\n+0002f6b0: 2046 494c 4531 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 FILE1 with the \n+0002f6c0: 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4532 2e20 2049 6620 file FILE2. If \n+0002f6d0: 7468 6579 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 they are complet\n+0002f6e0: 656c 790a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 ely. identic\n+0002f6f0: 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c al, ...$?... wil\n+0002f700: 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 302e 2020 l be set to 0. \n+0002f710: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2069 6620 7468 Otherwise, if th\n+0002f720: 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a e files are not.\n+0002f730: 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 identical, \n+0002f740: e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ...$?... will be\n+0002f750: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 set to a nonzer\n+0002f760: 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 o value... B\n+0002f770: 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f 7468 696e y default nothin\n+0002f780: 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6f75 7470 7574 g will be output\n+0002f790: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 76e2 . If the ...-v.\n+0002f7a0: 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7665 7262 .. is used, verb\n+0002f7b0: 6f73 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 6973 ose. mode is\n+0002f7c0: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 enabled. In th\n+0002f7d0: 6973 206d 6f64 6520 7768 656e 2077 6865 is mode when whe\n+0002f7e0: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6469 6666 n the files diff\n+0002f7f0: 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2c0a 2020 2020 er in size,. \n+0002f800: 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2073 697a 6573 print the sizes\n+0002f810: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n+0002f820: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 696e Differ in\n+0002f830: 2073 697a 653a 2030 7831 3233 3420 5b66 size: 0x1234 [f\n+0002f840: 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7834 3332 3120 5b62 6172 oo], 0x4321 [bar\n+0002f850: 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2073 ].. If the s\n+0002f860: 697a 6573 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 2062 izes are equal b\n+0002f870: 7574 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 2061 7420 ut the bytes at \n+0002f880: 616e 206f 6666 7365 7420 6469 6666 6572 an offset differ\n+0002f890: 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e , then. prin\n+0002f8a0: 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 6c69 6b65 t the bytes like\n+0002f8b0: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0002f8c0: 2020 4469 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 6520 Differ at the \n+0002f8d0: 6f66 6673 6574 2037 3737 3a20 3078 6265 offset 777: 0xbe\n+0002f8e0: 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 6566 205b 6261 [foo], 0xef [ba\n+0002f8f0: 725d 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 r]....File: grub\n+0002f900: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f .info, Node: co\n+0002f910: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a nfigfile, Next:\n+0002f920: 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 cpuid, Prev: c\n+0002f930: 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 mp, Up: Command\n+0002f940: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002f950: 3137 2e34 2e31 3520 636f 6e66 6967 6669 17.4.15 configfi\n+0002f960: 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d le.-------------\n+0002f970: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002f980: 6e64 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2066 nd: configfile f\n+0002f990: 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 ile. Load FI\n+0002f9a0: 4c45 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 LE as a configur\n+0002f9b0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 ation file. If \n+0002f9c0: 4649 4c45 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 6e79 FILE defines any\n+0002f9d0: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 menu. entri\n+0002f9e0: 6573 2c20 7468 656e 2073 686f 7720 6120 es, then show a \n+0002f9f0: 6d65 6e75 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 menu containing \n+0002fa00: 7468 656d 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 them immediately\n+0002fa10: 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 . Any. envi\n+0002fa20: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0002fa30: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 6520 6279 changes made by\n+0002fa40: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e the commands in\n+0002fa50: 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 0a20 FILE will not. \n+0002fa60: 2020 2020 6265 2070 7265 7365 7276 6564 be preserved\n+0002fa70: 2061 6674 6572 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 after ...config\n+0002fa80: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 7265 7475 726e 732e file... returns.\n+0002fa90: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002faa0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6370 7569 nfo, Node: cpui\n+0002fab0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 632c 2020 d, Next: crc, \n+0002fac0: 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 Prev: configfile\n+0002fad0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002fae0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0002faf0: 2e34 2e31 3620 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d .4.16 cpuid.----\n+0002fb00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002fb10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 6420 5b2d ommand: cpuid [-\n+0002fb20: 6c5d 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 l] [-p]. Che\n+0002fb30: 636b 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 7475 ck for CPU featu\n+0002fb40: 7265 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 res. This comma\n+0002fb50: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c nd is only avail\n+0002fb60: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 360a 2020 2020 able on x86. \n+0002fb70: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 systems... \n+0002fb80: 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 With the ...-l..\n+0002fb90: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 726e . option, return\n+0002fba0: 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 2043 5055 true if the CPU\n+0002fbb0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6c6f 6e67 206d supports long m\n+0002fbc0: 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2028 3634 2d62 6974 ode. (64-bit\n+0002fbd0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 )... With th\n+0002fbe0: 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-p... optio\n+0002fbf0: 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 n, return true i\n+0002fc00: 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 7070 6f72 f the CPU suppor\n+0002fc10: 7473 2050 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 ts Physical. \n+0002fc20: 2041 6464 7265 7373 2045 7874 656e 7369 Address Extensi\n+0002fc30: 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 on (PAE)... \n+0002fc40: 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f If invoked witho\n+0002fc50: 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 ut options, this\n+0002fc60: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 7572 7265 6e74 command current\n+0002fc70: 6c79 2062 6568 6176 6573 2061 7320 6966 ly behaves as if\n+0002fc80: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2068 6164 2062 6565 it. had bee\n+0002fc90: 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 20e2 n invoked with .\n+0002fca0: 8098 2d6c e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d ..-l.... This m\n+0002fcb0: 6179 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e 2074 6865 ay change in the\n+0002fcc0: 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 future.....File\n+0002fcd0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002fce0: 6465 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 de: crc, Next: \n+0002fcf0: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 cryptomount, Pr\n+0002fd00: 6576 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: cpuid, Up: \n+0002fd10: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002fd20: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3137 2063 mands..17.4.17 c\n+0002fd30: 7263 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a rc.-----------..\n+0002fd40: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7263 -- Command: crc\n+0002fd50: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c arg .... Al\n+0002fd60: 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 ias for ...hashs\n+0002fd70: 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6372 6333 3220 um --hash crc32 \n+0002fd80: 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 arg ....... See\n+0002fd90: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 command ...hash\n+0002fda0: 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f sum.... (*no\n+0002fdb0: 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f te hashsum::) fo\n+0002fdc0: 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 r full descripti\n+0002fdd0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+0002fde0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+0002fdf0: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 ryptomount, Nex\n+0002fe00: 743a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 t: cutmem, Prev\n+0002fe10: 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d : crc, Up: Comm\n+0002fe20: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002fe30: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3138 2063 7279 7074 s..17.4.18 crypt\n+0002fe40: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d omount.---------\n+0002fe50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002fe60: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d Command: cryptom\n+0002fe70: 6f75 6e74 205b 205b 2d70 2070 6173 7377 ount [ [-p passw\n+0002fe80: 6f72 645d 207c 205b 2d6b 206b 6579 6669 ord] | [-k keyfi\n+0002fe90: 6c65 205b 2d4f 206b 6579 6f66 6673 6574 le [-O keyoffset\n+0002fea0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 5320 ]. [-S \n+0002feb0: 6b65 7973 697a 655d 205d 205d 205b 2d48 keysize] ] ] [-H\n+0002fec0: 2066 696c 655d 2064 6576 6963 657c 2d75 file] device|-u\n+0002fed0: 2075 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d 620a 2020 2020 uuid|-a|-b. \n+0002fee0: 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f Setup access to\n+0002fef0: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 encrypted devic\n+0002ff00: 652e 2020 4120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 e. A passphrase\n+0002ff10: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6571 7565 7374 will be request\n+0002ff20: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7261 6374 ed. interact\n+0002ff30: 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 6e65 6974 6865 ively, if neithe\n+0002ff40: 7220 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206e r the ...-p... n\n+0002ff50: 6f72 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 7469 or ...-k... opti\n+0002ff60: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 ons are given. \n+0002ff70: 5468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 The. option \n+0002ff80: e280 982d 70e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 ...-p... can be \n+0002ff90: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2061 used to supply a\n+0002ffa0: 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 2875 7365 passphrase (use\n+0002ffb0: 6675 6c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2073 6372 ful for. scr\n+0002ffc0: 6970 7473 292e 2020 416c 7465 726e 6174 ipts). Alternat\n+0002ffd0: 6976 656c 7920 7468 6520 e280 982d 6be2 ively the ...-k.\n+0002ffe0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 .. option can be\n+0002fff0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 used to supply \n+00030000: 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2077 a. keyfile w\n+00030010: 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 e280 982d ith options ...-\n+00030020: 4fe2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 O... and ...-S..\n+00030030: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2073 7570 . optionally sup\n+00030040: 706c 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 plying the offse\n+00030050: 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2073 697a 652c t. and size,\n+00030060: 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792c 206f respectively, o\n+00030070: 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 7461 2069 f the key data i\n+00030080: 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 7920 n the given key \n+00030090: 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 file. The. \n+000300a0: e280 982d 48e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ...-H... options\n+000300b0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n+000300c0: 7375 7070 6c79 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 supply cryptomou\n+000300d0: 6e74 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 7320 7769 7468 nt backends with\n+000300e0: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 an. alterna\n+000300f0: 7469 7665 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 tive header file\n+00030100: 2028 616b 6120 6465 7461 6368 6564 2068 (aka detached h\n+00030110: 6561 6465 7229 2e20 204e 6f74 2061 6c6c eader). Not all\n+00030120: 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2068 backends. h\n+00030130: 6176 6520 6865 6164 6572 7320 6e6f 7220 ave headers nor \n+00030140: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 7465 726e 6174 support alternat\n+00030150: 6976 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 ive header files\n+00030160: 2028 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 (currently only\n+00030170: 0a20 2020 2020 4c55 4b53 3120 616e 6420 . LUKS1 and \n+00030180: 4c55 4b53 3220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 LUKS2 support th\n+00030190: 656d 292e 2020 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 2044 em). Argument D\n+000301a0: 4556 4943 4520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 EVICE configures\n+000301b0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 2067 specific. g\n+000301c0: 7275 6220 6465 7669 6365 2028 2a6e 6f74 rub device (*not\n+000301d0: 6520 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 e Naming convent\n+000301e0: 696f 6e3a 3a29 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 ion::); option .\n+000301f0: 8098 2d75 e280 9920 5555 4944 0a20 2020 ..-u... UUID. \n+00030200: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2064 6576 configures dev\n+00030210: 6963 6520 7769 7468 2073 7065 6369 6669 ice with specifi\n+00030220: 6564 2055 5549 443b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ed UUID; option \n+00030230: e280 982d 61e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ...-a... configu\n+00030240: 7265 7320 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6574 res all. det\n+00030250: 6563 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 ected encrypted \n+00030260: 6465 7669 6365 733b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 devices; option \n+00030270: e280 982d 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ...-b... configu\n+00030280: 7265 7320 616c 6c20 6765 6c69 0a20 2020 res all geli. \n+00030290: 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2074 6861 containers tha\n+000302a0: 7420 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 666c 6167 t have boot flag\n+000302b0: 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 set... Devi\n+000302c0: 6365 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f ces are not allo\n+000302d0: 7765 6420 746f 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 wed to be given \n+000302e0: 6173 206b 6579 2066 696c 6573 206e 6f72 as key files nor\n+000302f0: 2061 7320 6465 7461 6368 6564 0a20 2020 as detached. \n+00030300: 2020 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 2e20 header files. \n+00030310: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6973 206c However, this l\n+00030320: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 imitation can be\n+00030330: 2077 6f72 6b65 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 2062 worked around b\n+00030340: 790a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2062 6c6f y. using blo\n+00030350: 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 cklist syntax. \n+00030360: 536f 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c So for instance,\n+00030370: 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c67 7074 3229 e280 ...(hd1,gpt2)..\n+00030380: 9920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 2020 . can not be. \n+00030390: 2020 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 e280 9828 used, but ...(\n+000303a0: 6864 312c 6770 7432 2930 2be2 8099 2077 hd1,gpt2)0+... w\n+000303b0: 696c 6c20 6163 6869 6576 6520 7468 6520 ill achieve the \n+000303c0: 6465 7369 7265 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2e0a desired result..\n+000303d0: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 7570 6f72 . GRUB supor\n+000303e0: 7473 2064 6576 6963 6573 2065 6e63 7279 ts devices encry\n+000303f0: 7074 6564 2075 7369 6e67 204c 554b 532c pted using LUKS,\n+00030400: 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2067 656c 692e LUKS2 and geli.\n+00030410: 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 Note. that\n+00030420: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206d 6f64 756c necessary modul\n+00030430: 6573 2028 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 es (LUKS, LUKS2 \n+00030440: 616e 6420 4745 4c49 2920 6861 7665 2074 and GELI) have t\n+00030450: 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 640a 2020 2020 o be loaded. \n+00030460: 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 666f 7265 manually before\n+00030470: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 this command ca\n+00030480: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642e 2020 466f 7220 n be used. For \n+00030490: 4c55 4b53 3220 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 LUKS2 only the. \n+000304a0: 2020 2020 5042 4b44 4632 206b 6579 2064 PBKDF2 key d\n+000304b0: 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 erivation functi\n+000304c0: 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642c on is supported,\n+000304d0: 2061 7320 4172 676f 6e32 2069 7320 6e6f as Argon2 is no\n+000304e0: 7420 7965 740a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f t yet. suppo\n+000304f0: 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 6363 rted... Succ\n+00030500: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2064 6563 7279 7074 essfully decrypt\n+00030510: 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 206e 616d ed disks are nam\n+00030520: 6564 2061 7320 2863 7279 7074 6f58 2920 ed as (cryptoX) \n+00030530: 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 696e and have. in\n+00030540: 6372 6561 7369 6e67 206e 756d 6572 6174 creasing numerat\n+00030550: 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 2066 6f72 2065 ion suffix for e\n+00030560: 6163 6820 6e65 7720 6465 6372 7970 7465 ach new decrypte\n+00030570: 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a d disk. If the.\n+00030580: 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 encrypted d\n+00030590: 6973 6b20 686f 7374 7320 736f 6d65 2068 isk hosts some h\n+000305a0: 6967 6865 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2061 igher level of a\n+000305b0: 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 2028 6c69 6b65 bstraction (like\n+000305c0: 204c 564d 3220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4d44 LVM2 or. MD\n+000305d0: 5241 4944 2920 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 RAID) it will be\n+000305e0: 2063 7265 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2061 created under a\n+000305f0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6465 7669 6365 separate device\n+00030600: 206e 616d 6573 7061 6365 2069 6e0a 2020 namespace in. \n+00030610: 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 addition to t\n+00030620: 6865 2063 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b20 6e61 he cryptodisk na\n+00030630: 6d65 7370 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 mespace... S\n+00030640: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e upport for plain\n+00030650: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 encryption mode\n+00030660: 2028 706c 6169 6e20 646d 2d63 7279 7074 (plain dm-crypt\n+00030670: 2920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7669 ) is provided vi\n+00030680: 610a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 a. separate \n+00030690: e280 982a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f ...*note plainmo\n+000306a0: 756e 743a 3ae2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 unt::... command\n+000306b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000306c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7574 info, Node: cut\n+000306d0: 6d65 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6461 7465 mem, Next: date\n+000306e0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d , Prev: cryptom\n+000306f0: 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ount, Up: Comma\n+00030700: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00030710: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3920 6375 746d 656d ..17.4.19 cutmem\n+00030720: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+00030730: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6375 . -- Command: cu\n+00030740: 746d 656d 2066 726f 6d5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d tmem from[K|M|G]\n+00030750: 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 0a20 2020 2020 to[K|M|G]. \n+00030760: 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 206d 656d 6f72 Remove any memor\n+00030770: 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 696e 2073 7065 y regions in spe\n+00030780: 6369 6669 6564 2072 616e 6765 2e0a 0a20 cified range... \n+00030790: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n+000307a0: 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 notifies the me\n+000307b0: 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 mory manager tha\n+000307c0: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 t specified regi\n+000307d0: 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 ons of. RAM \n+000307e0: 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 ought to be filt\n+000307f0: 6572 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ered out. This \n+00030800: 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 6563 remains in effec\n+00030810: 7420 6166 7465 7220 610a 2020 2020 2070 t after a. p\n+00030820: 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 ayload kernel ha\n+00030830: 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 s been loaded by\n+00030840: 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 GRUB, as long a\n+00030850: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 2020 s the loaded. \n+00030860: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 kernel obtains\n+00030870: 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 its memory map \n+00030880: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 204b 6572 6e65 from GRUB. Kerne\n+00030890: 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ls that support \n+000308a0: 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 696e 636c 7564 this. includ\n+000308b0: 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 e Linux, GNU Mac\n+000308c0: 682c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 h, the kernel of\n+000308d0: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c FreeBSD and Mul\n+000308e0: 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e tiboot. kern\n+000308f0: 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a els in general..\n+00030900: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e . The comman\n+00030910: 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 d is similar to \n+00030920: e280 9862 6164 7261 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d ...badram... com\n+00030930: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 mand... Note\n+00030940: 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 : The command is\n+00030950: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 not allowed whe\n+00030960: 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e n lockdown is en\n+00030970: 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 forced (*note. \n+00030980: 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 Lockdown::). \n+00030990: 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 This prevents r\n+000309a0: 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f emoving EFI memo\n+000309b0: 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 ry regions to. \n+000309c0: 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 potentially s\n+000309d0: 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 ubvert the secur\n+000309e0: 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 ity mechanisms p\n+000309f0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 rovided by the U\n+00030a00: 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 EFI. secure \n+00030a10: 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 boot.....File: g\n+00030a20: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00030a30: 2064 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 date, Next: de\n+00030a40: 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 7265 763a vicetree, Prev:\n+00030a50: 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f cutmem, Up: Co\n+00030a60: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00030a70: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3230 2064 6174 nds..17.4.20 dat\n+00030a80: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a e.------------..\n+00030a90: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6174 -- Command: dat\n+00030aa0: 6520 5b5b 7965 6172 2d5d 6d6f 6e74 682d e [[year-]month-\n+00030ab0: 6461 795d 205b 686f 7572 3a6d 696e 7574 day] [hour:minut\n+00030ac0: 655b 3a73 6563 6f6e 645d 5d0a 2020 2020 e[:second]]. \n+00030ad0: 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e With no argumen\n+00030ae0: 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6375 ts, print the cu\n+00030af0: 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 rrent date and t\n+00030b00: 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 ime... Other\n+00030b10: 7769 7365 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 6865 2063 wise, take the c\n+00030b20: 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 urrent date and \n+00030b30: 7469 6d65 2c20 6368 616e 6765 2061 6e79 time, change any\n+00030b40: 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 elements. s\n+00030b50: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 pecified as argu\n+00030b60: 6d65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 ments, and set t\n+00030b70: 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 2074 6865 he result as the\n+00030b80: 206e 6577 2064 6174 6520 616e 640a 2020 new date and. \n+00030b90: 2020 2074 696d 652e 2020 466f 7220 6578 time. For ex\n+00030ba0: 616d 706c 652c 2027 6461 7465 2030 312d ample, 'date 01-\n+00030bb0: 3031 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 6865 01' will set the\n+00030bc0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6f6e 7468 2061 current month a\n+00030bd0: 6e64 2064 6179 0a20 2020 2020 746f 204a nd day. to J\n+00030be0: 616e 7561 7279 2031 2c20 6275 7420 6c65 anuary 1, but le\n+00030bf0: 6176 6520 7468 6520 7965 6172 2c20 686f ave the year, ho\n+00030c00: 7572 2c20 6d69 6e75 7465 2c20 616e 6420 ur, minute, and \n+00030c10: 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6368 second. unch\n+00030c20: 616e 6765 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 anged.....File: \n+00030c30: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00030c40: 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 204e : devicetree, N\n+00030c50: 6578 743a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 ext: distrust, \n+00030c60: 5072 6576 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2055 703a Prev: date, Up:\n+00030c70: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00030c80: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3120 mmands..17.4.21 \n+00030c90: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d devicetree.-----\n+00030ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00030cb0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 7669 -- Command: devi\n+00030cc0: 6365 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 cetree file. \n+00030cd0: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 2074 Load a device t\n+00030ce0: 7265 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 2920 ree blob (.dtb) \n+00030cf0: 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 from a filesyste\n+00030d00: 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2075 7365 m, for later use\n+00030d10: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c 696e 7578 by. a Linux\n+00030d20: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 206e kernel. Does n\n+00030d30: 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d 6572 6769 ot perform mergi\n+00030d40: 6e67 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 6465 7669 ng with any devi\n+00030d50: 6365 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 2073 7570 ce tree. sup\n+00030d60: 706c 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 plied by firmwar\n+00030d70: 652c 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 7220 7265 e, but rather re\n+00030d80: 706c 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 places it comple\n+00030d90: 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 tely... Note\n+00030da0: 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 : The command is\n+00030db0: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 not allowed whe\n+00030dc0: 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e n lockdown is en\n+00030dd0: 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 forced (*note. \n+00030de0: 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 Lockdown::). \n+00030df0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f This is done to\n+00030e00: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 prevent subvert\n+00030e10: 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 ing various secu\n+00030e20: 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e rity. mechan\n+00030e30: 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 isms.....File: g\n+00030e40: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00030e50: 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 distrust, Next\n+00030e60: 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2050 7265 : drivemap, Pre\n+00030e70: 763a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 v: devicetree, \n+00030e80: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00030e90: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00030ea0: 3232 2064 6973 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 22 distrust.----\n+00030eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00030ec0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6973 7472 - Command: distr\n+00030ed0: 7573 7420 7075 626b 6579 5f69 640a 2020 ust pubkey_id. \n+00030ee0: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 7075 626c 6963 Remove public\n+00030ef0: 206b 6579 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 2066 key PUBKEY_ID f\n+00030f00: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 206b 6579 7269 rom GRUB's keyri\n+00030f10: 6e67 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 ng of trusted ke\n+00030f20: 7973 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f ys.. PUBKEY_\n+00030f30: 4944 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2066 ID is the last f\n+00030f40: 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 2865 6967 6874 our bytes (eight\n+00030f50: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 hexadecimal dig\n+00030f60: 6974 7329 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 its) of the. \n+00030f70: 2047 5047 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6964 2c20 GPG v4 key id, \n+00030f80: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7468 which is also th\n+00030f90: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 e280 986c e output of ...l\n+00030fa0: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 64e2 8099 2028 ist_trusted... (\n+00030fb0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 745f *note. list_\n+00030fc0: 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a29 2e20 204f 7574 trusted::). Out\n+00030fd0: 7369 6465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2c20 7468 side of GRUB, th\n+00030fe0: 6520 6b65 7920 6964 2063 616e 2062 6520 e key id can be \n+00030ff0: 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 obtained using. \n+00031000: 2020 2020 e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e ...gpg --fin\n+00031010: 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 gerprint...). T\n+00031020: 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 hese keys are us\n+00031030: 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2073 ed to validate s\n+00031040: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2020 2020 2077 ignatures. w\n+00031050: 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 hen environment \n+00031060: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 variable ...chec\n+00031070: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n+00031080: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 is set to ...enf\n+00031090: 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e orce.... (*n\n+000310a0: 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ote check_signat\n+000310b0: 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2062 7920 ures::), and by \n+000310c0: 736f 6d65 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 some invocations\n+000310d0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7665 7269 of. ...veri\n+000310e0: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 64e2 8099 2028 fy_detached... (\n+000310f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 *note verify_det\n+00031100: 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 ached::). *Note\n+00031110: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 Using digital. \n+00031120: 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a signatures::\n+00031130: 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 , for more infor\n+00031140: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mation.....File:\n+00031150: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00031160: 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 4e65 e: drivemap, Ne\n+00031170: 7874 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: echo, Prev:\n+00031180: 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 distrust, Up: \n+00031190: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+000311a0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3233 2064 mands..17.4.23 d\n+000311b0: 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rivemap.--------\n+000311c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+000311d0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 mmand: drivemap \n+000311e0: 2d6c 7c2d 727c 5b2d 735d 2066 726f 6d5f -l|-r|[-s] from_\n+000311f0: 6472 6976 6520 746f 5f64 7269 7665 0a20 drive to_drive. \n+00031200: 2020 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 Without opti\n+00031210: 6f6e 732c 206d 6170 2074 6865 2064 7269 ons, map the dri\n+00031220: 7665 2046 524f 4d5f 4452 4956 4520 746f ve FROM_DRIVE to\n+00031230: 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2054 4f5f 4452 the drive TO_DR\n+00031240: 4956 452e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 IVE.. This i\n+00031250: 7320 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7768 656e s necessary when\n+00031260: 2079 6f75 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 you chain-load \n+00031270: 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 some operating s\n+00031280: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7375 6368 0a20 2020 ystems, such. \n+00031290: 2020 6173 2044 4f53 2c20 6966 2073 7563 as DOS, if suc\n+000312a0: 6820 616e 204f 5320 7265 7369 6465 7320 h an OS resides \n+000312b0: 6174 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2064 at a non-first d\n+000312c0: 7269 7665 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 rive. For. \n+000312d0: 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2061 6e79 convenience, any\n+000312e0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 partition suffi\n+000312f0: 7820 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2069 x on the drive i\n+00031300: 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642c 2073 6f20 796f s ignored, so yo\n+00031310: 750a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2073 6166 656c u. can safel\n+00031320: 7920 7573 6520 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 6173 y use ${root} as\n+00031330: 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 a drive specifi\n+00031340: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 cation... Wi\n+00031350: 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 th the ...-s... \n+00031360: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 option, perform \n+00031370: 7468 6520 7265 7665 7273 6520 6d61 7070 the reverse mapp\n+00031380: 696e 6720 6173 2077 656c 6c2c 2073 7761 ing as well, swa\n+00031390: 7070 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 pping. the t\n+000313a0: 776f 2064 7269 7665 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 wo drives... \n+000313b0: 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 With the ...-l.\n+000313c0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c 6973 7420 .. option, list \n+000313d0: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d61 7070 the current mapp\n+000313e0: 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 ings... With\n+000313f0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d72 e280 9920 6f70 the ...-r... op\n+00031400: 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 7420 616c 6c20 tion, reset all \n+00031410: 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7468 6520 mappings to the \n+00031420: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 2e0a default values..\n+00031430: 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c . For exampl\n+00031440: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 e:.. dr\n+00031450: 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 ivemap -s (hd0) \n+00031460: 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4e4f 5445 (hd1).. NOTE\n+00031470: 3a20 4f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 : Only available\n+00031480: 206f 6e20 6933 3836 2d70 632e 0a0a 1f0a on i386-pc.....\n+00031490: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000314a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 204e Node: echo, N\n+000314b0: 6578 743a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 ext: efitextmode\n+000314c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 , Prev: drivema\n+000314d0: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d p, Up: Command-\n+000314e0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+000314f0: 372e 342e 3234 2065 6368 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.24 echo.----\n+00031500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00031510: 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6368 6f20 5b2d 6e5d mmand: echo [-n]\n+00031520: 205b 2d65 5d20 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e [-e] string ...\n+00031530: 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 . Display th\n+00031540: 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 7465 7874 e requested text\n+00031550: 2061 6e64 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 and, unless the\n+00031560: 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-n... option\n+00031570: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 610a 2020 2020 is used, a. \n+00031580: 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 trailing new li\n+00031590: 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 ne. If there is\n+000315a0: 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 more than one s\n+000315b0: 7472 696e 672c 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a tring, they are.\n+000315c0: 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 separated b\n+000315d0: 7920 7370 6163 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 y spaces in the \n+000315e0: 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2041 7320 7573 7561 output. As usua\n+000315f0: 6c20 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e l in GRUB comman\n+00031600: 6473 2c0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c ds,. variabl\n+00031610: 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 7375 6273 7469 es may be substi\n+00031620: 7475 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9824 tuted using ...$\n+00031630: 7b76 6172 7de2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 {var}...... \n+00031640: 5468 6520 e280 982d 65e2 8099 206f 7074 The ...-e... opt\n+00031650: 696f 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 7320 696e 7465 ion enables inte\n+00031660: 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6261 rpretation of ba\n+00031670: 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 732e ckslash escapes.\n+00031680: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f The. follo\n+00031690: 7769 6e67 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2061 wing sequences a\n+000316a0: 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 643a 0a0a re recognised:..\n+000316b0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c5c e280 990a 2020 ...\\\\.... \n+000316c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 636b 736c 6173 backslas\n+000316d0: 680a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 61e2 8099 h.. ...\\a...\n+000316e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c65 7274 . alert\n+000316f0: 2028 4245 4c29 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 (BEL).. ...\n+00031700: 5c63 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\c.... \n+00031710: 7375 7070 7265 7373 2074 7261 696c 696e suppress trailin\n+00031720: 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 g new line.. \n+00031730: 20e2 8098 5c66 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\f.... \n+00031740: 2020 2020 666f 726d 2066 6565 640a 0a20 form feed.. \n+00031750: 2020 2020 e280 985c 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 ...\\n.... \n+00031760: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 206c 696e 650a new line.\n+00031770: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 72e2 8099 0a20 . ...\\r.... \n+00031780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 carriag\n+00031790: 6520 7265 7475 726e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 e return.. .\n+000317a0: 8098 5c74 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\t.... \n+000317b0: 2020 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2074 6162 horizontal tab\n+000317c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c76 e280 990a .. ...\\v....\n+000317d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7274 6963 vertic\n+000317e0: 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 al tab.. Whe\n+000317f0: 6e20 696e 7465 7270 7265 7469 6e67 2062 n interpreting b\n+00031800: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 6573 ackslash escapes\n+00031810: 2c20 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 666f 6c6c , backslash foll\n+00031820: 6f77 6564 2062 7920 616e 790a 2020 2020 owed by any. \n+00031830: 206f 7468 6572 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 other character\n+00031840: 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6174 will print that\n+00031850: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 character.....F\n+00031860: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00031870: 204e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f Node: efitextmo\n+00031880: 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 7661 6c2c de, Next: eval,\n+00031890: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2055 Prev: echo, U\n+000318a0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+000318b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n+000318c0: 3520 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 650a 2d2d 5 efitextmode.--\n 000318d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000318e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-000318f0: 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 6520 5b6d : efitextmode [m\n-00031900: 696e 207c 206d 6178 207c 203c 6d6f 6465 in | max | | <\n-00031920: 726f 7773 3e5d 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e rows>]. When\n-00031930: 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 used with no ar\n-00031940: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7973 guments displays\n-00031950: 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 all available t\n-00031960: 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 ext output. \n-00031970: 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7420 modes. The set \n-00031980: 6d6f 6465 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 7320 mode determines \n-00031990: 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 the columns and \n-000319a0: 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 rows of the text\n-000319b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7768 . display wh\n-000319c0: 656e 2069 6e20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e en in text mode.\n-000319d0: 2020 416e 2061 7374 6572 6973 6b2c 20e2 An asterisk, .\n-000319e0: 8098 2ae2 8099 2c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ..*..., will be \n-000319f0: 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a 2020 at the end of. \n-00031a00: 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2074 the line of t\n-00031a10: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2073 6574 he currently set\n-00031a20: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 mode... If \n-00031a30: 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 given a single p\n-00031a40: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 6974 206d 7573 arameter, it mus\n-00031a50: 7420 6265 20e2 8098 6d69 6ee2 8099 2c20 t be ...min..., \n-00031a60: e280 986d 6178 e280 992c 206f 7220 6120 ...max..., or a \n-00031a70: 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 mode. number\n-00031a80: 2067 6976 656e 2062 7920 7468 6520 6c69 given by the li\n-00031a90: 7374 696e 6720 7768 656e 2072 756e 2077 sting when run w\n-00031aa0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ith no arguments\n-00031ab0: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6172 . These. ar\n-00031ac0: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7365 7420 7468 6520 guments set the \n-00031ad0: 6d6f 6465 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d69 6e69 mode to the mini\n-00031ae0: 6d75 6d2c 206d 6178 696d 756d 2c20 616e mum, maximum, an\n-00031af0: 6420 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 206d 6f64 d particular mod\n-00031b00: 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 e. respectiv\n-00031b10: 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 ely... Other\n-00031b20: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e wise, the comman\n-00031b30: 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 d must be given \n-00031b40: 7477 6f20 6e75 6d65 7269 6361 6c20 6172 two numerical ar\n-00031b50: 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 guments. spe\n-00031b60: 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6c75 cifying the colu\n-00031b70: 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 mns and rows of \n-00031b80: 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 6d6f 6465 the desired mode\n-00031b90: 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 610a . Specifying a.\n-00031ba0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 columns and\n-00031bb0: 2072 6f77 7320 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f rows combinatio\n-00031bc0: 6e20 7468 6174 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e n that correspon\n-00031bd0: 6473 2074 6f20 6e6f 2073 7570 706f 7274 ds to no support\n-00031be0: 6564 206d 6f64 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ed mode,. wi\n-00031bf0: 6c6c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6572 726f 722c ll return error,\n-00031c00: 2062 7574 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2068 but otherwise h\n-00031c10: 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a ave no effect...\n-00031c20: 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 By default \n-00031c30: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6172 7420 GRUB will start \n-00031c40: 696e 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6d6f 6465 in whatever mode\n-00031c50: 2074 6865 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 the EFI firmwar\n-00031c60: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 e. defaults \n-00031c70: 746f 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2066 to. There are f\n-00031c80: 6972 6d77 6172 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 irmwares known t\n-00031c90: 6f20 7365 7420 7570 2074 6865 2064 6566 o set up the def\n-00031ca0: 6175 6c74 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2073 ault mode. s\n-00031cb0: 7563 6820 7468 6174 206f 7574 7075 7420 uch that output \n-00031cc0: 6265 6861 7665 7320 7374 7261 6e67 656c behaves strangel\n-00031cd0: 792c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 y, for example t\n-00031ce0: 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 696e 2074 6865 he cursor in the\n-00031cf0: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c . GRUB shell\n-00031d00: 206e 6576 6572 2072 6561 6368 6573 2074 never reaches t\n-00031d10: 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 he bottom of the\n-00031d20: 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 2c20 7768 656e screen or, when\n-00031d30: 2074 7970 696e 670a 2020 2020 2063 6861 typing. cha\n-00031d40: 7261 6374 6572 7320 6174 2074 6865 2070 racters at the p\n-00031d50: 726f 6d70 742c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 rompt, character\n-00031d60: 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 s from previous \n-00031d70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 command output. \n-00031d80: 2020 2020 6172 6520 6f76 6572 7772 6974 are overwrit\n-00031d90: 7465 6e2e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 ten. Setting th\n-00031da0: 6520 6d6f 6465 206d 6179 2066 6978 2074 e mode may fix t\n-00031db0: 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2045 his... The E\n-00031dc0: 4649 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e FI specification\n-00031dd0: 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 206d 6f64 6520 says that mode \n-00031de0: 3020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 0 must be availa\n-00031df0: 626c 6520 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 ble and have. \n-00031e00: 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f columns and ro\n-00031e10: 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2032 3520 ws of 80 and 25 \n-00031e20: 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 204d respectively. M\n-00031e30: 6f64 6520 3120 6d61 7920 6265 2064 6566 ode 1 may be def\n-00031e40: 696e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6966 ined. and if\n-00031e50: 2073 6f20 6d75 7374 2068 6176 6520 636f so must have co\n-00031e60: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f lumns and rows o\n-00031e70: 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2035 3020 7265 7370 f 80 and 50 resp\n-00031e80: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 ectively.. A\n-00031e90: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 6573 206d ny other modes m\n-00031ea0: 6179 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 ay have columns \n-00031eb0: 616e 6420 726f 7773 2061 7262 6974 7261 and rows arbitra\n-00031ec0: 7269 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a rily defined by.\n-00031ed0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 the firmwar\n-00031ee0: 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 e. This means t\n-00031ef0: 6861 7420 6120 6d6f 6465 2077 6974 6820 hat a mode with \n-00031f00: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n-00031f10: 206f 6620 3130 300a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 of 100. and\n-00031f20: 2033 3120 6f6e 206f 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 31 on one firmw\n-00031f30: 6172 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2064 6966 are may be a dif\n-00031f40: 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 ferent mode numb\n-00031f50: 6572 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2064 6966 er on a. dif\n-00031f60: 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 ferent firmware \n-00031f70: 6f72 206e 6f74 2065 7869 7374 2061 7420 or not exist at \n-00031f80: 616c 6c2e 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 all. Likewise, \n-00031f90: 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 3220 6f6e mode number 2 on\n-00031fa0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6520 6669 726d 7761 . one firmwa\n-00031fb0: 7265 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 6120 6469 re may have a di\n-00031fc0: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 206f fferent number o\n-00031fd0: 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f f columns and ro\n-00031fe0: 7773 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 ws than. mod\n-00031ff0: 6520 3220 6f6e 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 e 2 on a differe\n-00032000: 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 536f nt firmware. So\n-00032010: 206f 6e65 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 one should not \n-00032020: 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2070 rely on a. p\n-00032030: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 206e articular mode n\n-00032040: 756d 6265 7220 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 6520 umber or a mode \n-00032050: 6f66 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e 206e 756d of a certain num\n-00032060: 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 ber of columns a\n-00032070: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 726f 7773 2065 7869 nd. rows exi\n-00032080: 7374 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 6c6c 2066 6972 sting on all fir\n-00032090: 6d77 6172 6573 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2066 mwares, except f\n-000320a0: 6f72 206d 6f64 6520 302e 0a0a 2020 2020 or mode 0... \n-000320b0: 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d Note: This comm\n-000320c0: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 and is only avai\n-000320d0: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2045 4649 2070 6c61 lable on EFI pla\n-000320e0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 tforms and is. \n-000320f0: 2020 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 4546 similar to EF\n-00032100: 4920 7368 656c 6c20 226d 6f64 6522 2063 I shell \"mode\" c\n-00032110: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ommand.....File:\n-00032120: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00032130: 653a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: eval, Next: \n-00032140: 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 export, Prev: e\n-00032150: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 703a fitextmode, Up:\n-00032160: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00032170: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3620 mmands..17.4.26 \n-00032180: 6576 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eval.-----------\n-00032190: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-000321a0: 6576 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a eval string ....\n-000321b0: 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 Concatenate\n-000321c0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f67 6574 arguments toget\n-000321d0: 6865 7220 7573 696e 6720 7369 6e67 6c65 her using single\n-000321e0: 2073 7061 6365 2061 7320 7365 7061 7261 space as separa\n-000321f0: 746f 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7661 tor and. eva\n-00032200: 6c75 6174 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 luate result as \n-00032210: 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 4752 5542 sequence of GRUB\n-00032220: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 commands.....Fi\n-00032230: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00032240: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 204e Node: export, N\n-00032250: 6578 743a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2050 7265 ext: false, Pre\n-00032260: 763a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: eval, Up: Co\n-00032270: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00032280: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3237 2065 7870 nds..17.4.27 exp\n-00032290: 6f72 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ort.------------\n-000322a0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-000322b0: 2065 7870 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 export envvar. \n-000322c0: 2020 2020 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 2065 Export the e\n-000322d0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000322e0: 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 7870 ble ENVVAR. Exp\n-000322f0: 6f72 7465 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 orted variables \n-00032300: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 are. visible\n-00032310: 2074 6f20 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 2063 to subsidiary c\n-00032320: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00032330: 6573 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a es loaded using.\n-00032340: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 ...configfi\n-00032350: 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 le........File: \n-00032360: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00032370: 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : false, Next: \n-00032380: 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 fwsetup, Prev: \n-00032390: 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d export, Up: Com\n-000323a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000323b0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3820 6661 6c73 ds..17.4.28 fals\n-000323c0: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a e.-------------.\n-000323d0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6661 . -- Command: fa\n-000323e0: 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 lse. Do noth\n-000323f0: 696e 672c 2075 6e73 7563 6365 7373 6675 ing, unsuccessfu\n-00032400: 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 lly. This is ma\n-00032410: 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 inly useful in c\n-00032420: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 ontrol. cons\n-00032430: 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 tructs such as .\n-00032440: 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 ..if... and ...w\n-00032450: 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 hile... (*note S\n-00032460: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n-00032470: 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ing::).....File:\n-00032480: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00032490: 653a 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 204e 6578 e: fwsetup, Nex\n-000324a0: 743a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 t: gdbinfo, Pre\n-000324b0: 763a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: false, Up: C\n-000324c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000324d0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3920 6677 ands..17.4.29 fw\n-000324e0: 7365 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d setup.----------\n-000324f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00032500: 6e64 3a20 6677 7365 7475 7020 5b2d 2d69 nd: fwsetup [--i\n-00032510: 732d 7375 7070 6f72 7465 645d 0a20 2020 s-supported]. \n-00032520: 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 Reboot into th\n-00032530: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 6574 7570 e firmware setup\n-00032540: 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 2d2d menu. If ...--\n-00032550: 6973 2d73 7570 706f 7274 6564 e280 9920 is-supported... \n-00032560: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 option is. s\n-00032570: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 696e 7374 6561 pecified, instea\n-00032580: 6420 6368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 d check whether \n-00032590: 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7570 the firmware sup\n-000325a0: 706f 7274 7320 6120 7365 7475 7020 6d65 ports a setup me\n-000325b0: 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6974 nu. and exit\n-000325c0: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 successfully if\n-000325d0: 2073 6f2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 so.....File: gr\n-000325e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000325f0: 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 gdbinfo, Next: \n-00032600: 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 gettext, Prev: \n-00032610: 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f fwsetup, Up: Co\n-00032620: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00032630: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3330 2067 6462 nds..17.4.30 gdb\n-00032640: 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d info.-----------\n-00032650: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00032660: 643a 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a20 2020 2020 d: gdbinfo. \n-00032670: 4f75 7470 7574 2074 6578 7420 746f 2062 Output text to b\n-00032680: 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 4744 4220 e used as a GDB \n-00032690: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 666f 7220 6120 4744 command for a GD\n-000326a0: 4220 7365 7373 696f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 B session using \n-000326b0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2067 6462 5f67 7275 the. gdb_gru\n-000326c0: 6220 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2061 7474 b script and att\n-000326d0: 6163 6865 6420 746f 2061 2072 756e 6e69 ached to a runni\n-000326e0: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616e 6365 ng GRUB instance\n-000326f0: 2e20 2054 6865 2047 4442 0a20 2020 2020 . The GDB. \n-00032700: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7468 6174 2069 7320 command that is \n-00032710: 6f75 7470 7574 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c output will tell\n-00032720: 2047 4442 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 GDB how to load\n-00032730: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2073 796d 626f debugging symbo\n-00032740: 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 6972 ls. to their\n-00032750: 2070 726f 7065 7220 7275 6e74 696d 6520 proper runtime \n-00032760: 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e address. Curren\n-00032770: 746c 7920 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 tly this is only\n-00032780: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 available. \n-00032790: 666f 7220 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d for EFI platform\n-000327a0: 732e 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 4465 6275 s. See the Debu\n-000327b0: 6767 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 2064 6576 gging in the dev\n-000327c0: 656c 6f70 6572 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 eloper. docu\n-000327d0: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f mentation for mo\n-000327e0: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a re information..\n-000327f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00032800: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 fo, Node: gette\n-00032810: 7874 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7074 7379 xt, Next: gptsy\n-00032820: 6e63 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6462 696e nc, Prev: gdbin\n-00032830: 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 fo, Up: Command\n-00032840: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00032850: 3137 2e34 2e33 3120 6765 7474 6578 740a 17.4.31 gettext.\n-00032860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00032870: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6765 . -- Command: ge\n-00032880: 7474 6578 7420 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 ttext string. \n-00032890: 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5354 5249 Translate STRI\n-000328a0: 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6375 7272 NG into the curr\n-000328b0: 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 ent language... \n-000328c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 The current \n-000328d0: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 6973 language code is\n-000328e0: 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 stored in the .\n-000328f0: 8098 6c61 6e67 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 ..lang... variab\n-00032900: 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4227 le in. GRUB'\n-00032910: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a s environment (*\n-00032920: 6e6f 7465 206c 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 2054 note lang::). T\n-00032930: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 ranslation files\n-00032940: 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2020 in MO format. \n-00032950: 2020 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d are read from\n-00032960: 20e2 8098 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 e280 ...locale_dir..\n-00032970: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c 655f . (*note locale_\n-00032980: 6469 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 790a dir::), usually.\n-00032990: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 .../boot/gr\n-000329a0: 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f ub/locale.......\n-000329b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000329c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 , Node: gptsync\n-000329d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 616c 742c 2020 , Next: halt, \n-000329e0: 5072 6576 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 Prev: gettext, \n-000329f0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00032a00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00032a10: 3332 2067 7074 7379 6e63 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 32 gptsync.-----\n-00032a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00032a30: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 Command: gptsync\n-00032a40: 2064 6576 6963 6520 5b70 6172 7469 7469 device [partiti\n-00032a50: 6f6e 5b2b 2f2d 5b74 7970 655d 5d5d 202e on[+/-[type]]] .\n-00032a60: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 736b 7320 7573 ... Disks us\n-00032a70: 696e 6720 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 ing the GUID Par\n-00032a80: 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 tition Table (GP\n-00032a90: 5429 2061 6c73 6f20 6861 7665 2061 206c T) also have a l\n-00032aa0: 6567 6163 790a 2020 2020 204d 6173 7465 egacy. Maste\n-00032ab0: 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d r Boot Record (M\n-00032ac0: 4252 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 BR) partition ta\n-00032ad0: 626c 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ble for compatib\n-00032ae0: 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 ility with the. \n-00032af0: 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2077 6974 BIOS and wit\n-00032b00: 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e h older operatin\n-00032b10: 6720 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 5468 6520 g systems. The \n-00032b20: 6c65 6761 6379 204d 4252 2063 616e 206f legacy MBR can o\n-00032b30: 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2072 6570 7265 7365 nly. represe\n-00032b40: 6e74 2061 206c 696d 6974 6564 2073 7562 nt a limited sub\n-00032b50: 7365 7420 6f66 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 set of GPT parti\n-00032b60: 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 tion entries... \n-00032b70: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-00032b80: 2070 6f70 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 206c populates the l\n-00032b90: 6567 6163 7920 4d42 5220 7769 7468 2074 egacy MBR with t\n-00032ba0: 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2050 4152 he specified PAR\n-00032bb0: 5449 5449 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 TITION. entr\n-00032bc0: 6965 7320 6f6e 2044 4556 4943 452e 2020 ies on DEVICE. \n-00032bd0: 5570 2074 6f20 7468 7265 6520 7061 7274 Up to three part\n-00032be0: 6974 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 itions may be us\n-00032bf0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 2069 ed... TYPE i\n-00032c00: 7320 616e 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 s an MBR partiti\n-00032c10: 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7072 on type code; pr\n-00032c20: 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 78e2 efix with ...0x.\n-00032c30: 8099 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 .. if you want t\n-00032c40: 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 2074 6869 o. enter thi\n-00032c50: 7320 696e 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c s in hexadecimal\n-00032c60: 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 . The separator\n-00032c70: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2050 4152 5449 5449 between PARTITI\n-00032c80: 4f4e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 ON and. TYPE\n-00032c90: 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 982b e280 9920 may be ...+... \n-00032ca0: 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 to make the part\n-00032cb0: 6974 696f 6e20 6163 7469 7665 2c20 6f72 ition active, or\n-00032cc0: 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 ...-... to make\n-00032cd0: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e61 6374 6976 it. inactiv\n-00032ce0: 653b 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 e; only one part\n-00032cf0: 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6374 ition may be act\n-00032d00: 6976 652e 2020 4966 2062 6f74 6820 7468 ive. If both th\n-00032d10: 6520 7365 7061 7261 746f 720a 2020 2020 e separator. \n-00032d20: 2061 6e64 2074 7970 6520 6172 6520 6f6d and type are om\n-00032d30: 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 itted, then the \n-00032d40: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 partition will b\n-00032d50: 6520 696e 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e inactive.....F\n-00032d60: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00032d70: 204e 6f64 653a 2068 616c 742c 2020 4e65 Node: halt, Ne\n-00032d80: 7874 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 xt: hashsum, Pr\n-00032d90: 6576 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5570 ev: gptsync, Up\n-00032da0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00032db0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3333 ommands..17.4.33\n-00032dc0: 2068 616c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d halt.----------\n-00032dd0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00032de0: 2068 616c 7420 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6d5d halt [--no-apm]\n-00032df0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e . The comman\n-00032e00: 6420 6861 6c74 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 d halts the comp\n-00032e10: 7574 6572 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 uter. On the i3\n-00032e20: 3836 2d70 6320 7461 7267 6574 2c20 7468 86-pc target, th\n-00032e30: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 e. ...--no-a\n-00032e40: 706d e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 pm... option, or\n-00032e50: 2073 686f 7274 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 992c short ...-n...,\n-00032e60: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 206e is specified, n\n-00032e70: 6f20 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 o APM BIOS call \n-00032e80: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 is. performe\n-00032e90: 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 d. Otherwise, t\n-00032ea0: 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6973 2073 he computer is s\n-00032eb0: 6875 7420 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 2041 hut down using A\n-00032ec0: 504d 206f 6e20 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 PM on that. \n-00032ed0: 7461 7267 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a target.....File:\n-00032ee0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00032ef0: 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 204e 6578 e: hashsum, Nex\n-00032f00: 743a 2068 656c 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: help, Prev: \n-00032f10: 6861 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 halt, Up: Comma\n-00032f20: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00032f30: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3420 6861 7368 7375 ..17.4.34 hashsu\n-00032f40: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n-00032f50: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00032f60: 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2068 hashsum --hash h\n-00032f70: 6173 6820 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 ash --keep-going\n-00032f80: 202d 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 2d2d --uncompress --\n-00032f90: 6368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 check file. \n-00032fa0: 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 2064 [--prefix d\n-00032fb0: 6972 5d7c 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 ir]|file .... \n-00032fc0: 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2076 6572 Compute or ver\n-00032fd0: 6966 7920 6669 6c65 2068 6173 6865 732e ify file hashes.\n-00032fe0: 2020 4861 7368 2074 7970 6520 6973 2073 Hash type is s\n-00032ff0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 7769 7468 206f 7074 elected with opt\n-00033000: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 ion. ...--ha\n-00033010: 7368 e280 992e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 sh.... Supporte\n-00033020: 6420 6861 7368 6573 2061 7265 3a20 e280 d hashes are: ..\n-00033030: 9861 646c 6572 3332 e280 992c 20e2 8098 .adler32..., ...\n-00033040: 6372 6336 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 crc64..., ...crc\n-00033050: 3332 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 32...,. ...c\n-00033060: 7263 3332 7266 6331 3531 30e2 8099 2c20 rc32rfc1510..., \n-00033070: e280 9863 7263 3234 7266 6332 3434 30e2 ...crc24rfc2440.\n-00033080: 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6434 e280 992c 20e2 .., ...md4..., .\n-00033090: 8098 6d64 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 9872 6970 ..md5..., ...rip\n-000330a0: 656d 6431 3630 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 emd160..., ...sh\n-000330b0: 6131 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 a1...,. ...s\n-000330c0: 6861 3232 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 ha224..., ...sha\n-000330d0: 3235 36e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3531 256..., ...sha51\n-000330e0: 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3338 34e2 2..., ...sha384.\n-000330f0: 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 3139 32e2 .., ...tiger192.\n-00033100: 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 e280 992c .., ...tiger...,\n-00033110: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 6967 6572 32e2 . ...tiger2.\n-00033120: 8099 2c20 e280 9877 6869 726c 706f 6f6c .., ...whirlpool\n-00033130: e280 992e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 .... Option ...\n-00033140: 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 e280 9920 --uncompress... \n-00033150: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6573 2066 696c uncompresses fil\n-00033160: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6265 666f 7265 2063 es. before c\n-00033170: 6f6d 7075 7469 6e67 2068 6173 682e 0a0a omputing hash...\n-00033180: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 206f When list o\n-00033190: 6620 6669 6c65 7320 6973 2067 6976 656e f files is given\n-000331a0: 2c20 6861 7368 206f 6620 6561 6368 2066 , hash of each f\n-000331b0: 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 6420 ile is computed \n-000331c0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 and. printed\n-000331d0: 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6669 , followed by fi\n-000331e0: 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2065 6163 6820 6669 le name, each fi\n-000331f0: 6c65 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 le on a new line\n-00033200: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 206f 7074 ... When opt\n-00033210: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d63 6865 636b e280 ion ...--check..\n-00033220: 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2070 . is given, it p\n-00033230: 6f69 6e74 7320 746f 2061 2066 696c 6520 oints to a file \n-00033240: 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 730a 2020 that contains. \n-00033250: 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2048 4153 4820 list of HASH \n-00033260: 4e41 4d45 2070 6169 7273 2069 6e20 7468 NAME pairs in th\n-00033270: 6520 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6173 e same format as\n-00033280: 2075 7365 6420 6279 2055 4e49 5820 e280 used by UNIX ..\n-00033290: 986d 6435 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .md5sum.... \n-000332a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e command. Option\n-000332b0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 ...--prefix... \n-000332c0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 may be used to g\n-000332d0: 6976 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 ive directory wh\n-000332e0: 6572 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 2061 ere. files a\n-000332f0: 7265 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2e20 2048 6173 re located. Has\n-00033300: 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 h verification s\n-00033310: 746f 7073 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 2066 tops after the f\n-00033320: 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 736d 6174 irst. mismat\n-00033330: 6368 2077 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 2075 6e6c ch was found unl\n-00033340: 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d ess option ...--\n-00033350: 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 e280 9920 7761 keep-going... wa\n-00033360: 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 s given. The. \n-00033370: 2020 2065 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 exit code ...\n-00033380: 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 $?... is set to \n-00033390: 3020 6966 2068 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 0 if hash verifi\n-000333a0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 6363 6573 cation is succes\n-000333b0: 7366 756c 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2069 sful. If. i\n-000333c0: 7420 6661 696c 732c 20e2 8098 243f e280 t fails, ...$?..\n-000333d0: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f . is set to a no\n-000333e0: 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 1f0a nzero value.....\n-000333f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00033400: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 204e Node: help, N\n-00033410: 6578 743a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 ext: hexdump, P\n-00033420: 7265 763a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2055 rev: hashsum, U\n-00033430: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00033440: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n-00033450: 3520 6865 6c70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 5 help.---------\n-00033460: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00033470: 3a20 6865 6c70 205b 7061 7474 6572 6e20 : help [pattern \n-00033480: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 ...]. Displa\n-00033490: 7920 6865 6c70 6675 6c20 696e 666f 726d y helpful inform\n-000334a0: 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 6275 696c ation about buil\n-000334b0: 7469 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2049 tin commands. I\n-000334c0: 6620 796f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 f you do not. \n-000334d0: 2020 7370 6563 6966 7920 5041 5454 4552 specify PATTER\n-000334e0: 4e2c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 N, this command \n-000334f0: 7368 6f77 7320 7368 6f72 7420 6465 7363 shows short desc\n-00033500: 7269 7074 696f 6e73 206f 6620 616c 6c0a riptions of all.\n-00033510: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 available c\n-00033520: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 ommands... I\n-00033530: 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e f you specify an\n-00033540: 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2c20 6974 2064 y PATTERNS, it d\n-00033550: 6973 706c 6179 7320 6c6f 6e67 6572 2069 isplays longer i\n-00033560: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 nformation about\n-00033570: 0a20 2020 2020 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 . each of th\n-00033580: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 686f 7365 e commands whose\n-00033590: 206e 616d 6573 2062 6567 696e 2077 6974 names begin wit\n-000335a0: 6820 7468 6f73 6520 5041 5454 4552 4e53 h those PATTERNS\n-000335b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000335c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 info, Node: hex\n-000335d0: 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e73 dump, Next: ins\n-000335e0: 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 6c70 mod, Prev: help\n-000335f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00033600: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00033610: 2e34 2e33 3620 6865 7864 756d 700a 2d2d .4.36 hexdump.--\n-00033620: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00033630: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 7864 -- Command: hexd\n-00033640: 756d 7020 5b2d 2d73 6b69 7020 6f66 6673 ump [--skip offs\n-00033650: 6574 5d20 5b2d 2d6c 656e 6774 6820 6c65 et] [--length le\n-00033660: 6e5d 2046 494c 455f 4f52 5f44 4556 4943 n] FILE_OR_DEVIC\n-00033670: 450a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 7261 7720 E. Show raw \n-00033680: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6120 6669 contents of a fi\n-00033690: 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2057 le or memory. W\n-000336a0: 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d hen option ...--\n-000336b0: 736b 6970 e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 skip... is. \n-000336c0: 6769 7665 6e2c 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 given, ...offset\n-000336d0: e280 9920 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 ... number of by\n-000336e0: 7465 7320 6172 6520 736b 6970 7065 6420 tes are skipped \n-000336f0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f from the start o\n-00033700: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 f the. devic\n-00033710: 6520 6f72 2066 696c 6520 6769 7665 6e2e e or file given.\n-00033720: 2020 416e 6420 e280 982d 2d6c 656e 6774 And ...--lengt\n-00033730: 68e2 8099 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7370 6563 h... allows spec\n-00033740: 6966 7969 6e67 2061 206d 6178 696d 756d ifying a maximum\n-00033750: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 . number of \n-00033760: 6279 7465 7320 746f 2062 6520 7368 6f77 bytes to be show\n-00033770: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 n... If give\n-00033780: 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6465 n the special de\n-00033790: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 286d vice named ...(m\n-000337a0: 656d 29e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 em)..., then the\n-000337b0: 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 6769 ...offset... gi\n-000337c0: 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982d ven. to ...-\n-000337d0: 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 7320 7472 6561 -skip... is trea\n-000337e0: 7465 6420 6173 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 ted as the addre\n-000337f0: 7373 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6d6f 7279 206c ss of a memory l\n-00033800: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2064 756d 700a ocation to dump.\n-00033810: 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 from.....Fi\n-00033820: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00033830: 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 204e Node: insmod, N\n-00033840: 6578 743a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 ext: keystatus, \n-00033850: 2050 7265 763a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 Prev: hexdump, \n-00033860: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00033870: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00033880: 2e33 3720 696e 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .37 insmod.-----\n-00033890: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-000338a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 206d ommand: insmod m\n-000338b0: 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 odule. Inser\n-000338c0: 7420 7468 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6320 4752 t the dynamic GR\n-000338d0: 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 UB module called\n-000338e0: 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 MODULE.....File\n-000338f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00033900: 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 de: keystatus, \n-00033910: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 Next: list_env, \n-00033920: 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 Prev: insmod, \n-00033930: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00033940: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00033950: 3338 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d 38 keystatus.---\n-00033960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00033970: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206b 6579 -- Command: key\n-00033980: 7374 6174 7573 205b 2d2d 7368 6966 745d status [--shift]\n-00033990: 205b 2d2d 6374 726c 5d20 5b2d 2d61 6c74 [--ctrl] [--alt\n-000339a0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e20 7472 ]. Return tr\n-000339b0: 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 5368 6966 742c ue if the Shift,\n-000339c0: 2043 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2c20 6f72 2041 6c74 Control, or Alt\n-000339d0: 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 6b65 7973 2061 modifier keys a\n-000339e0: 7265 2068 656c 640a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 re held. dow\n-000339f0: 6e2c 2061 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 n, as requested \n-00033a00: 6279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 by options. Thi\n-00033a10: 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2073 s is useful in s\n-00033a20: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 746f 0a20 2020 cripting, to. \n-00033a30: 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 736f 6d65 2075 7365 allow some use\n-00033a40: 7220 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6f76 6572 2062 r control over b\n-00033a50: 6568 6176 696f 7572 2077 6974 686f 7574 ehaviour without\n-00033a60: 2068 6176 696e 6720 746f 2077 6169 7420 having to wait \n-00033a70: 666f 7220 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7072 for a. keypr\n-00033a80: 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b ess... Check\n-00033a90: 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 ing key modifier\n-00033aa0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 status is only \n-00033ab0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d supported on som\n-00033ac0: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a20 2020 e platforms.. \n-00033ad0: 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 If invoked wit\n-00033ae0: 686f 7574 2061 6e79 206f 7074 696f 6e73 hout any options\n-00033af0: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986b 6579 7374 6174 , the ...keystat\n-00033b00: 7573 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 us... command re\n-00033b10: 7475 726e 730a 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 turns. true \n-00033b20: 6966 2061 6e64 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2063 if and only if c\n-00033b30: 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 hecking key modi\n-00033b40: 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2073 fier status is s\n-00033b50: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c upported.....Fil\n-00033b60: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00033b70: 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 ode: list_env, \n-00033b80: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 Next: list_trust\n-00033b90: 6564 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206b 6579 7374 ed, Prev: keyst\n-00033ba0: 6174 7573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 atus, Up: Comma\n-00033bb0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00033bc0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3920 6c69 7374 5f65 ..17.4.39 list_e\n-00033bd0: 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nv.-------------\n-00033be0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00033bf0: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 : list_env [--fi\n-00033c00: 6c65 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 le file]. Li\n-00033c10: 7374 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 st all variables\n-00033c20: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d in the environm\n-00033c30: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 ent block file. \n-00033c40: 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7669 *Note. Envi\n-00033c50: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e ronment block::.\n-00033c60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d .. The ...--\n-00033c70: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f file... option o\n-00033c80: 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 verrides the def\n-00033c90: 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 ault location of\n-00033ca0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f the. enviro\n-00033cb0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a nment block.....\n-00033cc0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00033cd0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 Node: list_tru\n-00033ce0: 7374 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 sted, Next: loa\n-00033cf0: 645f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 d_env, Prev: li\n-00033d00: 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d st_env, Up: Com\n-00033d10: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00033d20: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3020 6c69 7374 ds..17.4.40 list\n-00033d30: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _trusted.-------\n-00033d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00033d50: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 -- Command: list\n-00033d60: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 _trusted. Li\n-00033d70: 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 st all public ke\n-00033d80: 7973 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 4752 ys trusted by GR\n-00033d90: 5542 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 6174 696e UB for validatin\n-00033da0: 6720 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2e0a 2020 g signatures.. \n-00033db0: 2020 2054 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 6973 The output is\n-00033dc0: 2069 6e20 4750 4727 7320 7634 206b 6579 in GPG's v4 key\n-00033dd0: 2066 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 2066 6f72 fingerprint for\n-00033de0: 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 6865 206f mat (i.e., the o\n-00033df0: 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 utput. of ..\n-00033e00: 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 .gpg --fingerpri\n-00033e10: 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6561 nt...). The lea\n-00033e20: 7374 2073 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2066 st significant f\n-00033e30: 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 740a our bytes (last.\n-00033e40: 2020 2020 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 eight hexad\n-00033e50: 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 2063 ecimal digits) c\n-00033e60: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 616e an be used as an\n-00033e70: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 20e2 8098 argument to ...\n-00033e80: 6469 7374 7275 7374 e280 990a 2020 2020 distrust.... \n-00033e90: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 (*note distrust\n-00033ea0: 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e ::). *Note Usin\n-00033eb0: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n-00033ec0: 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ures::, for more\n-00033ed0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n-00033ee0: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7573 6573 2066 6f72 n about uses for\n-00033ef0: 2074 6865 7365 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a these keys.....\n-00033f00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00033f10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 Node: load_env\n-00033f20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e , Next: loadfon\n-00033f30: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 t, Prev: list_t\n-00033f40: 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d rusted, Up: Com\n-00033f50: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00033f60: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3120 6c6f 6164 ds..17.4.41 load\n-00033f70: 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _env.-----------\n-00033f80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00033f90: 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d nd: load_env [--\n-00033fa0: 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 205b 2d2d 736b file file] [--sk\n-00033fb0: 6970 2d73 6967 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ip-sig]. \n-00033fc0: 2020 5b77 6869 7465 6c69 7374 6564 5f76 [whitelisted_v\n-00033fd0: 6172 6961 626c 655f 6e61 6d65 5d20 2e2e ariable_name] ..\n-00033fe0: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 .. Load all \n-00033ff0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 variables from t\n-00034000: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n-00034010: 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f 2074 lock file into t\n-00034020: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d he. environm\n-00034030: 656e 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 ent. *Note Envi\n-00034040: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e ronment block::.\n-00034050: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d .. The ...--\n-00034060: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f file... option o\n-00034070: 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 verrides the def\n-00034080: 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 ault location of\n-00034090: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f the. enviro\n-000340a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 nment block... \n-000340b0: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 The ...--skip\n-000340c0: 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 -sig... option s\n-000340d0: 6b69 7073 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2063 kips signature c\n-000340e0: 6865 636b 696e 6720 6576 656e 2077 6865 hecking even whe\n-000340f0: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 n the. value\n-00034100: 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 of environment \n-00034110: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 variable ...chec\n-00034120: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n-00034130: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 is set to. .\n-00034140: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e ..enforce... (*n\n-00034150: 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ote check_signat\n-00034160: 7572 6573 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 ures::)... I\n-00034170: 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 7661 f one or more va\n-00034180: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 riable names are\n-00034190: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6173 2061 7267 provided as arg\n-000341a0: 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 uments, they are\n-000341b0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 . interprete\n-000341c0: 6420 6173 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 d as a whitelist\n-000341d0: 206f 6620 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f of variables to\n-000341e0: 206c 6f61 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 load from the. \n-000341f0: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n-00034200: 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 2056 6172 block file. Var\n-00034210: 6961 626c 6573 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 iables set in th\n-00034220: 6520 6669 6c65 2062 7574 206e 6f74 2070 e file but not p\n-00034230: 7265 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 resent. in t\n-00034240: 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2061 7265 he whitelist are\n-00034250: 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ignored... \n-00034260: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 The ...--skip-si\n-00034270: 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 g... option shou\n-00034280: 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 ld be used with \n-00034290: 6361 7265 2c20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 care, and should\n-000342a0: 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2062 6520 always. be \n-000342b0: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 636f 6e63 6572 7420 used in concert \n-000342c0: 7769 7468 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 with a whitelist\n-000342d0: 206f 6620 6163 6365 7074 6162 6c65 2076 of acceptable v\n-000342e0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 686f 7365 0a20 ariables whose. \n-000342f0: 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6573 2073 686f 756c values shoul\n-00034300: 6420 6265 2073 6574 2e20 2046 6169 6c75 d be set. Failu\n-00034310: 7265 2074 6f20 656d 706c 6f79 2061 2063 re to employ a c\n-00034320: 6172 6566 756c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 arefully constru\n-00034330: 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6974 656c cted. whitel\n-00034340: 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 7265 7375 6c74 ist could result\n-00034350: 2069 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 6120 6d61 in reading a ma\n-00034360: 6c69 6369 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 696e licious value in\n-00034370: 746f 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 to critical. \n-00034380: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00034390: 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 iables from the \n-000343a0: 6669 6c65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7365 file, such as se\n-000343b0: 7474 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6368 tting. ...ch\n-000343c0: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e eck_signatures=n\n-000343d0: 6fe2 8099 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 696e 6720 o..., modifying \n-000343e0: e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 ...prefix... to \n-000343f0: 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 boot from an. \n-00034400: 2020 756e 6578 7065 6374 6564 206c 6f63 unexpected loc\n-00034410: 6174 696f 6e20 6f72 206e 6f74 2061 7420 ation or not at \n-00034420: 616c 6c2c 2065 7463 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 all, etc... \n-00034430: 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 When used with c\n-00034440: 6172 652c 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 are, ...--skip-s\n-00034450: 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 ig... and the wh\n-00034460: 6974 656c 6973 7420 656e 6162 6c65 2061 itelist enable a\n-00034470: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 646d 696e 6973 7472 n. administr\n-00034480: 6174 6f72 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ator to configur\n-00034490: 6520 6120 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 626f e a system to bo\n-000344a0: 6f74 206f 6e6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 0a20 ot only signed. \n-000344b0: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f configuratio\n-000344c0: 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 ns, but to allow\n-000344d0: 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f 2073 656c the user to sel\n-000344e0: 6563 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6d6f 6e67 206d ect from among m\n-000344f0: 756c 7469 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e ultiple. con\n-00034500: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 figurations, and\n-00034510: 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2022 6f6e 652d to enable \"one-\n-00034520: 7368 6f74 2220 626f 6f74 2061 7474 656d shot\" boot attem\n-00034530: 7074 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2022 7361 pts and. \"sa\n-00034540: 7665 6465 6661 756c 7422 2062 6568 6176 vedefault\" behav\n-00034550: 696f 722e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e ior. *Note Usin\n-00034560: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n-00034570: 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ures::, for more\n-00034580: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n-00034590: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-000345a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f .info, Node: lo\n-000345b0: 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c adfont, Next: l\n-000345c0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 oopback, Prev: \n-000345d0: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 load_env, Up: C\n-000345e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000345f0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3220 6c6f ands..17.4.42 lo\n-00034600: 6164 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d adfont.---------\n-00034610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00034620: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2066 mand: loadfont f\n-00034630: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ile .... Loa\n-00034640: 6420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f 6e74 d specified font\n-00034650: 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 files. Unless \n-00034660: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2070 6174 686e 616d absolute pathnam\n-00034670: 6520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 e is given, FILE\n-00034680: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 . is assumed\n-00034690: 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 6469 7265 6374 to be in direct\n-000346a0: 6f72 7920 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f66 ory ...$prefix/f\n-000346b0: 6f6e 7473 e280 9920 7769 7468 2073 7566 onts... with suf\n-000346c0: 6669 7820 e280 982e 7066 32e2 8099 0a20 fix ....pf2.... \n-000346d0: 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 202a appended. *\n-000346e0: 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 656d Note Fonts: Them\n-000346f0: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a e file format...\n-00034700: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00034710: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 o, Node: loopba\n-00034720: 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 732c 2020 ck, Next: ls, \n-00034730: 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 Prev: loadfont, \n-00034740: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00034750: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00034760: 2e34 3320 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a2d 2d2d .43 loopback.---\n-00034770: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00034780: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6f70 -- Command: loop\n-00034790: 6261 636b 205b 2d64 5d20 5b2d 445d 2064 back [-d] [-D] d\n-000347a0: 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 evice file. \n-000347b0: 4d61 6b65 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 Make the device \n-000347c0: 6e61 6d65 6420 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f72 named DEVICE cor\n-000347d0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 respond to the c\n-000347e0: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 ontents of the. \n-000347f0: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 filesystem i\n-00034800: 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 mage in FILE. F\n-00034810: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 or example:.. \n-00034820: 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 loopback \n-00034830: 6c6f 6f70 3020 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f69 loop0 /path/to/i\n-00034840: 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c mage. l\n-00034850: 7320 286c 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 s (loop0)/.. \n-00034860: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 Specifying the \n-00034870: e280 982d 44e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ...-D... option \n-00034880: 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 206c 6f6f 7062 allows the loopb\n-00034890: 6163 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 ack file to be. \n-000348a0: 2020 2020 7472 616e 7061 7265 6e74 6c79 tranparently\n-000348b0: 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 6966 decompressed if\n-000348c0: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2061 7070 there is an app\n-000348d0: 726f 7072 6961 7465 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 ropriate decompr\n-000348e0: 6573 736f 720a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 essor. loade\n-000348f0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 d... With th\n-00034900: 6520 e280 982d 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-d... optio\n-00034910: 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 7669 n, delete a devi\n-00034920: 6365 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6372 ce previously cr\n-00034930: 6561 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 eated using this\n-00034940: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a . command...\n-00034950: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00034960: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 204e o, Node: ls, N\n-00034970: 6578 743a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2050 ext: lsfonts, P\n-00034980: 7265 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 rev: loopback, \n-00034990: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-000349a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000349b0: 3434 206c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 44 ls.----------\n-000349c0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n-000349d0: 7320 5b61 7267 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 s [arg ...]. \n-000349e0: 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 6f72 List devices or\n-000349f0: 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 files... Wi\n-00034a00: 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c th no arguments,\n-00034a10: 2070 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c 2064 6576 6963 print all devic\n-00034a20: 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 4752 5542 es known to GRUB\n-00034a30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 ... If the a\n-00034a40: 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 6576 rgument is a dev\n-00034a50: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 ice name enclose\n-00034a60: 6420 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 d in parentheses\n-00034a70: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2044 6576 (*note. Dev\n-00034a80: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 ice syntax::), t\n-00034a90: 6865 6e20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6e61 hen print the na\n-00034aa0: 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 me of the filesy\n-00034ab0: 7374 656d 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 stem of that. \n-00034ac0: 2020 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 device... \n-00034ad0: 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 If the argument \n-00034ae0: 6973 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2067 is a directory g\n-00034af0: 6976 656e 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c iven as an absol\n-00034b00: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 2020 ute file name. \n-00034b10: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e (*note File n\n-00034b20: 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 ame syntax::), t\n-00034b30: 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 6f6e hen list the con\n-00034b40: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 tents of that. \n-00034b50: 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a 0a1f directory....\n-00034b60: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00034b70: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 , Node: lsfonts\n-00034b80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 , Next: lsmod, \n-00034b90: 2050 7265 763a 206c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: ls, Up: \n-00034ba0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00034bb0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3435 206c mands..17.4.45 l\n-00034bc0: 7366 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sfonts.---------\n-00034bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00034be0: 616e 643a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 and: lsfonts. \n-00034bf0: 2020 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f List loaded fo\n-00034c00: 6e74 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 nts.....File: gr\n-00034c10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00034c20: 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 lsmod, Next: md\n-00034c30: 3573 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 7366 5sum, Prev: lsf\n-00034c40: 6f6e 7473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 onts, Up: Comma\n-00034c50: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00034c60: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3620 6c73 6d6f 640a ..17.4.46 lsmod.\n-00034c70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00034c80: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 6d6f -- Command: lsmo\n-00034c90: 640a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c69 7374 d. Show list\n-00034ca0: 206f 6620 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 6f64 756c of loaded modul\n-00034cb0: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n-00034cc0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d b.info, Node: m\n-00034cd0: 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d6f d5sum, Next: mo\n-00034ce0: 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 736d dule, Prev: lsm\n-00034cf0: 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 od, Up: Command\n-00034d00: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00034d10: 3137 2e34 2e34 3720 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 17.4.47 md5sum.-\n-00034d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00034d30: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 -- Command: md5s\n-00034d40: 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 um arg .... \n-00034d50: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 Alias for ...has\n-00034d60: 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 3520 hsum --hash md5 \n-00034d70: 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 arg ....... See\n-00034d80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 command ...hash\n-00034d90: 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f sum.... (*no\n-00034da0: 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f te hashsum::) fo\n-00034db0: 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 r full descripti\n-00034dc0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-00034dd0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d b.info, Node: m\n-00034de0: 6f64 756c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d75 odule, Next: mu\n-00034df0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ltiboot, Prev: \n-00034e00: 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d md5sum, Up: Com\n-00034e10: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00034e20: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3820 6d6f 6475 ds..17.4.48 modu\n-00034e30: 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d le.-------------\n-00034e40: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00034e50: 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 module [--nounzi\n-00034e60: 705d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e p] file [argumen\n-00034e70: 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 ts]. Load a \n-00034e80: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 module for multi\n-00034e90: 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 boot kernel imag\n-00034ea0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 e. The rest of \n-00034eb0: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 the line is. \n-00034ec0: 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d passed verbatim\n-00034ed0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 as the module c\n-00034ee0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 1f0a ommand line.....\n-00034ef0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00034f00: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Node: multiboo\n-00034f10: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 t, Next: native\n-00034f20: 6469 736b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 6f64 disk, Prev: mod\n-00034f30: 756c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ule, Up: Comman\n-00034f40: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00034f50: 0a31 372e 342e 3439 206d 756c 7469 626f .17.4.49 multibo\n-00034f60: 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ot.-------------\n-00034f70: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00034f80: 643a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 205b 2d2d d: multiboot [--\n-00034f90: 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 quirk-bad-kludge\n-00034fa0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d71 ]. [--q\n-00034fb0: 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 6674 uirk-modules-aft\n-00034fc0: 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c 6520 er-kernel] file \n-00034fd0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 .... Load a \n-00034fe0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c multiboot kernel\n-00034ff0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 image from FILE\n-00035000: 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 . The rest of t\n-00035010: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 he line is. \n-00035020: 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 passed verbatim \n-00035030: 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c as the ...kernel\n-00035040: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d command-line...\n-00035050: 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 . Any module mu\n-00035060: 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 st be. reloa\n-00035070: 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 ded after using \n-00035080: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e this command (*n\n-00035090: 6f74 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote module::)...\n-000350a0: 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c Some kernel\n-000350b0: 7320 6861 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 726f s have known pro\n-000350c0: 626c 656d 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 blems. You need\n-000350d0: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 7569 to specify -qui\n-000350e0: 726b 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 rk-* for. th\n-000350f0: 6f73 652e 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 ose. -quirk-bad\n-00035100: 2d6b 6c75 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 726f -kludge is a pro\n-00035110: 626c 656d 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 6576 blem seen in sev\n-00035120: 6572 616c 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a 2020 eral products. \n-00035130: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 6e63 that they inc\n-00035140: 6c75 6465 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 lude loading klu\n-00035150: 6467 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 dge information \n-00035160: 7769 7468 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 6174 with invalid dat\n-00035170: 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 6669 a in. ELF fi\n-00035180: 6c65 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f 7220 le. GRUB prior \n-00035190: 746f 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 to 0.97 and some\n-000351a0: 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 2070 custom builds p\n-000351b0: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 referred ELF. \n-000351c0: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7768 information wh\n-000351d0: 696c 6520 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 5255 ile 0.97 and GRU\n-000351e0: 4220 3220 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 B 2 use kludge. \n-000351f0: 2055 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e Use this option\n-00035200: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6520 to. ignore \n-00035210: 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 kludge. Known a\n-00035220: 6666 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a ffected systems:\n-00035230: 206f 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 536b old Solaris, Sk\n-00035240: 794f 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 6972 yOS... -quir\n-00035250: 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d k-modules-after-\n-00035260: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 kernel is needed\n-00035270: 2066 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 for kernels whi\n-00035280: 6368 206c 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 ch load at. \n-00035290: 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 6820 relatively high \n-000352a0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 3136 address e.g. 16\n-000352b0: 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 616e MiB mark and can\n-000352c0: 2774 2063 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 't cope with. \n-000352d0: 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 6665 modules stuffe\n-000352e0: 6420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 206d d between 1MiB m\n-000352f0: 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e ark and beginnin\n-00035300: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e g of the kernel.\n-00035310: 0a20 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 . Known afft\n-00035320: 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 2056 ected systems: V\n-00035330: 4d57 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 MWare.....File: \n-00035340: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00035350: 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 204e : nativedisk, N\n-00035360: 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 ext: normal, Pr\n-00035370: 6576 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 ev: multiboot, \n-00035380: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00035390: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000353a0: 3530 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2d2d 50 nativedisk.--\n-000353b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000353c0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-000353d0: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 2053 ativedisk. S\n-000353e0: 7769 7463 6820 6672 6f6d 2066 6972 6d77 witch from firmw\n-000353f0: 6172 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7273 are disk drivers\n-00035400: 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 206f 6e65 732e to native ones.\n-00035410: 2020 5265 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c0a Really useful.\n-00035420: 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 only on pla\n-00035430: 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2062 6f74 tforms where bot\n-00035440: 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 2061 6e64 206e h firmware and n\n-00035450: 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 ative disk drive\n-00035460: 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c s are. avail\n-00035470: 6162 6c65 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 able. Currently\n-00035480: 2069 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d65 i386-pc, i386-e\n-00035490: 6669 2c20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 fi, i386-ieee127\n-000354a0: 3520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 5 and. x86_6\n-000354b0: 342d 6566 692e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 4-efi.....File: \n-000354c0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000354d0: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a : normal, Next:\n-000354e0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2050 normal_exit, P\n-000354f0: 7265 763a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c rev: nativedisk,\n-00035500: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00035510: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00035520: 342e 3531 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 4.51 normal.----\n-00035530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00035540: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 Command: normal \n-00035550: 5b66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7465 [file]. Ente\n-00035560: 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 616e r normal mode an\n-00035570: 6420 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 4752 d display the GR\n-00035580: 5542 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 UB menu... I\n-00035590: 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 n normal mode, c\n-000355a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2066 696c 6573 7973 ommands, filesys\n-000355b0: 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 tem modules, and\n-000355c0: 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 790a 2020 cryptography. \n-000355d0: 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2061 modules are a\n-000355e0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 utomatically loa\n-000355f0: 6465 642c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 756c ded, and the ful\n-00035600: 6c20 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 7061 l GRUB script pa\n-00035610: 7273 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7661 rser. is ava\n-00035620: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206d ilable. Other m\n-00035630: 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 6578 odules may be ex\n-00035640: 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 plicitly loaded \n-00035650: 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 696e using. ...in\n-00035660: 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 smod... (*note i\n-00035670: 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 nsmod::)... \n-00035680: 4966 2061 2046 494c 4520 6973 2067 6976 If a FILE is giv\n-00035690: 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 en, then command\n-000356a0: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 s will be read f\n-000356b0: 726f 6d20 7468 6174 2066 696c 652e 0a20 rom that file.. \n-000356c0: 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 Otherwise, t\n-000356d0: 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 hey will be read\n-000356e0: 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 from ...$prefix\n-000356f0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6620 /grub.cfg... if \n-00035700: 6974 2065 7869 7374 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 it exists... \n-00035710: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d61 ...normal... ma\n-00035720: 7920 6265 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 6f6d y be called from\n-00035730: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d within normal m\n-00035740: 6f64 652c 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 ode, creating a \n-00035750: 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 nested. envi\n-00035760: 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 7320 ronment. It is \n-00035770: 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 7573 more usual to us\n-00035780: 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 e ...configfile.\n-00035790: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 .. (*note. c\n-000357a0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 onfigfile::) for\n-000357b0: 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 this.....File: \n-000357c0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000357d0: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 : normal_exit, \n-000357e0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 Next: parttool, \n-000357f0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 Prev: normal, \n-00035800: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00035810: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00035820: 3532 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a2d 52 normal_exit.-\n+000318e0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+000318f0: 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 6520 5b6d 696e efitextmode [min\n+00031900: 207c 206d 6178 207c 203c 6d6f 6465 5f6e | max | | ]. When u\n+00031930: 7365 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 sed with no argu\n+00031940: 6d65 6e74 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 ments displays a\n+00031950: 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6578 ll available tex\n+00031960: 7420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f t output. mo\n+00031970: 6465 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7420 6d6f des. The set mo\n+00031980: 6465 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 7320 7468 de determines th\n+00031990: 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f e columns and ro\n+000319a0: 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 0a20 ws of the text. \n+000319b0: 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7768 656e display when\n+000319c0: 2069 6e20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 2020 in text mode. \n+000319d0: 416e 2061 7374 6572 6973 6b2c 20e2 8098 An asterisk, ...\n+000319e0: 2ae2 8099 2c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6174 *..., will be at\n+000319f0: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a 2020 2020 the end of. \n+00031a00: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the line of the\n+00031a10: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2073 6574 206d currently set m\n+00031a20: 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 ode... If gi\n+00031a30: 7665 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6172 ven a single par\n+00031a40: 616d 6574 6572 2c20 6974 206d 7573 7420 ameter, it must \n+00031a50: 6265 20e2 8098 6d69 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 be ...min..., ..\n+00031a60: 986d 6178 e280 992c 206f 7220 6120 6d6f .max..., or a mo\n+00031a70: 6465 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2067 de. number g\n+00031a80: 6976 656e 2062 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 iven by the list\n+00031a90: 696e 6720 7768 656e 2072 756e 2077 6974 ing when run wit\n+00031aa0: 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e20 h no arguments. \n+00031ab0: 2054 6865 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 These. argu\n+00031ac0: 6d65 6e74 7320 7365 7420 7468 6520 6d6f ments set the mo\n+00031ad0: 6465 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 de to the minimu\n+00031ae0: 6d2c 206d 6178 696d 756d 2c20 616e 6420 m, maximum, and \n+00031af0: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 206d 6f64 650a particular mode.\n+00031b00: 2020 2020 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c respectivel\n+00031b10: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 y... Otherwi\n+00031b20: 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 se, the command \n+00031b30: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7477 must be given tw\n+00031b40: 6f20 6e75 6d65 7269 6361 6c20 6172 6775 o numerical argu\n+00031b50: 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 ments. speci\n+00031b60: 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e fying the column\n+00031b70: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 s and rows of th\n+00031b80: 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 6d6f 6465 2e20 e desired mode. \n+00031b90: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 610a 2020 Specifying a. \n+00031ba0: 2020 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 columns and r\n+00031bb0: 6f77 7320 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 ows combination \n+00031bc0: 7468 6174 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 that corresponds\n+00031bd0: 2074 6f20 6e6f 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 to no supported\n+00031be0: 206d 6f64 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c mode,. will\n+00031bf0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 return error, b\n+00031c00: 7574 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2068 6176 ut otherwise hav\n+00031c10: 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 e no effect... \n+00031c20: 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 4752 By default GR\n+00031c30: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6172 7420 696e UB will start in\n+00031c40: 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6d6f 6465 2074 whatever mode t\n+00031c50: 6865 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a he EFI firmware.\n+00031c60: 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f defaults to\n+00031c70: 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2066 6972 . There are fir\n+00031c80: 6d77 6172 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 mwares known to \n+00031c90: 7365 7420 7570 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 set up the defau\n+00031ca0: 6c74 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2073 7563 lt mode. suc\n+00031cb0: 6820 7468 6174 206f 7574 7075 7420 6265 h that output be\n+00031cc0: 6861 7665 7320 7374 7261 6e67 656c 792c haves strangely,\n+00031cd0: 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6865 for example the\n+00031ce0: 2063 7572 736f 7220 696e 2074 6865 0a20 cursor in the. \n+00031cf0: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c 206e GRUB shell n\n+00031d00: 6576 6572 2072 6561 6368 6573 2074 6865 ever reaches the\n+00031d10: 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2073 bottom of the s\n+00031d20: 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 2c20 7768 656e 2074 creen or, when t\n+00031d30: 7970 696e 670a 2020 2020 2063 6861 7261 yping. chara\n+00031d40: 6374 6572 7320 6174 2074 6865 2070 726f cters at the pro\n+00031d50: 6d70 742c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 mpt, characters \n+00031d60: 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f from previous co\n+00031d70: 6d6d 616e 6420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 mmand output. \n+00031d80: 2020 6172 6520 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 are overwritte\n+00031d90: 6e2e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 n. Setting the \n+00031da0: 6d6f 6465 206d 6179 2066 6978 2074 6869 mode may fix thi\n+00031db0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2045 4649 s... The EFI\n+00031dc0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 specification s\n+00031dd0: 6179 7320 7468 6174 206d 6f64 6520 3020 ays that mode 0 \n+00031de0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c must be availabl\n+00031df0: 6520 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 e and have. \n+00031e00: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n+00031e10: 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2032 3520 7265 of 80 and 25 re\n+00031e20: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 204d 6f64 spectively. Mod\n+00031e30: 6520 3120 6d61 7920 6265 2064 6566 696e e 1 may be defin\n+00031e40: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6966 2073 ed. and if s\n+00031e50: 6f20 6d75 7374 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 o must have colu\n+00031e60: 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 mns and rows of \n+00031e70: 3830 2061 6e64 2035 3020 7265 7370 6563 80 and 50 respec\n+00031e80: 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6e79 tively.. Any\n+00031e90: 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 6573 206d 6179 other modes may\n+00031ea0: 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e have columns an\n+00031eb0: 6420 726f 7773 2061 7262 6974 7261 7269 d rows arbitrari\n+00031ec0: 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 ly defined by. \n+00031ed0: 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e the firmware.\n+00031ee0: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 This means tha\n+00031ef0: 7420 6120 6d6f 6465 2077 6974 6820 636f t a mode with co\n+00031f00: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f lumns and rows o\n+00031f10: 6620 3130 300a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2033 f 100. and 3\n+00031f20: 3120 6f6e 206f 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 6172 1 on one firmwar\n+00031f30: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2064 6966 6665 e may be a diffe\n+00031f40: 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 rent mode number\n+00031f50: 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 on a. diffe\n+00031f60: 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6f72 rent firmware or\n+00031f70: 206e 6f74 2065 7869 7374 2061 7420 616c not exist at al\n+00031f80: 6c2e 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 6d6f l. Likewise, mo\n+00031f90: 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 3220 6f6e 0a20 de number 2 on. \n+00031fa0: 2020 2020 6f6e 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 one firmware\n+00031fb0: 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 6120 6469 6666 may have a diff\n+00031fc0: 6572 656e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 erent number of \n+00031fd0: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n+00031fe0: 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 than. mode \n+00031ff0: 3220 6f6e 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2 on a different\n+00032000: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 536f 206f firmware. So o\n+00032010: 6e65 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 7265 ne should not re\n+00032020: 6c79 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 ly on a. par\n+00032030: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 206e 756d ticular mode num\n+00032040: 6265 7220 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 6520 6f66 ber or a mode of\n+00032050: 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e 206e 756d 6265 a certain numbe\n+00032060: 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 r of columns and\n+00032070: 0a20 2020 2020 726f 7773 2065 7869 7374 . rows exist\n+00032080: 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 6c6c 2066 6972 6d77 ing on all firmw\n+00032090: 6172 6573 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 ares, except for\n+000320a0: 206d 6f64 6520 302e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e mode 0... N\n+000320b0: 6f74 653a 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e ote: This comman\n+000320c0: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 d is only availa\n+000320d0: 626c 6520 6f6e 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 ble on EFI platf\n+000320e0: 6f72 6d73 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 orms and is. \n+000320f0: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 4546 4920 similar to EFI \n+00032100: 7368 656c 6c20 226d 6f64 6522 2063 6f6d shell \"mode\" com\n+00032110: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 mand.....File: g\n+00032120: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00032130: 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6578 eval, Next: ex\n+00032140: 706f 7274 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 6669 port, Prev: efi\n+00032150: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 textmode, Up: C\n+00032160: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00032170: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3620 6576 ands..17.4.26 ev\n+00032180: 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a al.------------.\n+00032190: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6576 . -- Command: ev\n+000321a0: 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 al string .... \n+000321b0: 2020 2043 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 2061 Concatenate a\n+000321c0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f67 6574 6865 rguments togethe\n+000321d0: 7220 7573 696e 6720 7369 6e67 6c65 2073 r using single s\n+000321e0: 7061 6365 2061 7320 7365 7061 7261 746f pace as separato\n+000321f0: 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7661 6c75 r and. evalu\n+00032200: 6174 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7365 ate result as se\n+00032210: 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 4752 5542 2063 quence of GRUB c\n+00032220: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ommands.....File\n+00032230: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00032240: 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 204e 6578 de: export, Nex\n+00032250: 743a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: false, Prev:\n+00032260: 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d eval, Up: Comm\n+00032270: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00032280: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3237 2065 7870 6f72 s..17.4.27 expor\n+00032290: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+000322a0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 .. -- Command: e\n+000322b0: 7870 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 xport envvar. \n+000322c0: 2020 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 2065 6e76 Export the env\n+000322d0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+000322e0: 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 7870 6f72 e ENVVAR. Expor\n+000322f0: 7465 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 ted variables ar\n+00032300: 650a 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2074 e. visible t\n+00032310: 6f20 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 2063 6f6e o subsidiary con\n+00032320: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 figuration files\n+00032330: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 loaded using. \n+00032340: 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 ...configfile\n+00032350: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n+00032360: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00032370: 6661 6c73 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6677 false, Next: fw\n+00032380: 7365 7475 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6578 setup, Prev: ex\n+00032390: 706f 7274 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 port, Up: Comma\n+000323a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+000323b0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3820 6661 6c73 650a ..17.4.28 false.\n+000323c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+000323d0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6661 6c73 -- Command: fals\n+000323e0: 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e e. Do nothin\n+000323f0: 672c 2075 6e73 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c g, unsuccessfull\n+00032400: 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e y. This is main\n+00032410: 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e ly useful in con\n+00032420: 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 trol. constr\n+00032430: 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 ucts such as ...\n+00032440: 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 if... and ...whi\n+00032450: 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 le... (*note She\n+00032460: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n+00032470: 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 g::).....File: g\n+00032480: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00032490: 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a fwsetup, Next:\n+000324a0: 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a gdbinfo, Prev:\n+000324b0: 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d false, Up: Com\n+000324c0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+000324d0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3920 6677 7365 ds..17.4.29 fwse\n+000324e0: 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tup.------------\n+000324f0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00032500: 3a20 6677 7365 7475 7020 5b2d 2d69 732d : fwsetup [--is-\n+00032510: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 645d 0a20 2020 2020 supported]. \n+00032520: 5265 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 Reboot into the \n+00032530: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 6574 7570 206d firmware setup m\n+00032540: 656e 752e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 2d2d 6973 enu. If ...--is\n+00032550: 2d73 7570 706f 7274 6564 e280 9920 6f70 -supported... op\n+00032560: 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 tion is. spe\n+00032570: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 696e 7374 6561 6420 cified, instead \n+00032580: 6368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 7468 check whether th\n+00032590: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7570 706f e firmware suppo\n+000325a0: 7274 7320 6120 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 rts a setup menu\n+000325b0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6974 2073 . and exit s\n+000325c0: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 uccessfully if s\n+000325d0: 6f2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 o.....File: grub\n+000325e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6764 .info, Node: gd\n+000325f0: 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6765 binfo, Next: ge\n+00032600: 7474 6578 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6677 ttext, Prev: fw\n+00032610: 7365 7475 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d setup, Up: Comm\n+00032620: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00032630: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3330 2067 6462 696e s..17.4.30 gdbin\n+00032640: 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fo.-------------\n+00032650: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00032660: 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a20 2020 2020 4f75 gdbinfo. Ou\n+00032670: 7470 7574 2074 6578 7420 746f 2062 6520 tput text to be \n+00032680: 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 4744 4220 636f used as a GDB co\n+00032690: 6d6d 616e 6420 666f 7220 6120 4744 4220 mmand for a GDB \n+000326a0: 7365 7373 696f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 session using th\n+000326b0: 650a 2020 2020 2067 6462 5f67 7275 6220 e. gdb_grub \n+000326c0: 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2061 7474 6163 script and attac\n+000326d0: 6865 6420 746f 2061 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 hed to a running\n+000326e0: 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2e20 GRUB instance. \n+000326f0: 2054 6865 2047 4442 0a20 2020 2020 636f The GDB. co\n+00032700: 6d6d 616e 6420 7468 6174 2069 7320 6f75 mmand that is ou\n+00032710: 7470 7574 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 2047 tput will tell G\n+00032720: 4442 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2064 DB how to load d\n+00032730: 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2073 796d 626f 6c73 ebugging symbols\n+00032740: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 6972 2070 . to their p\n+00032750: 726f 7065 7220 7275 6e74 696d 6520 6164 roper runtime ad\n+00032760: 6472 6573 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c dress. Currentl\n+00032770: 7920 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 y this is only a\n+00032780: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 666f vailable. fo\n+00032790: 7220 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e r EFI platforms.\n+000327a0: 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 4465 6275 6767 See the Debugg\n+000327b0: 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 2064 6576 656c ing in the devel\n+000327c0: 6f70 6572 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 oper. docume\n+000327d0: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ntation for more\n+000327e0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f information....\n+000327f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00032800: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 , Node: gettext\n+00032810: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 , Next: gptsync\n+00032820: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6462 696e 666f , Prev: gdbinfo\n+00032830: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00032840: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00032850: 2e34 2e33 3120 6765 7474 6578 740a 2d2d .4.31 gettext.--\n+00032860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00032870: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6765 7474 -- Command: gett\n+00032880: 6578 7420 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 ext string. \n+00032890: 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5354 5249 4e47 Translate STRING\n+000328a0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e into the curren\n+000328b0: 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 t language... \n+000328c0: 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 The current la\n+000328d0: 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 nguage code is s\n+000328e0: 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 tored in the ...\n+000328f0: 6c61 6e67 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 lang... variable\n+00032900: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4227 7320 in. GRUB's \n+00032910: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f environment (*no\n+00032920: 7465 206c 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 2054 7261 te lang::). Tra\n+00032930: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2069 nslation files i\n+00032940: 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2020 2020 n MO format. \n+00032950: 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 are read from .\n+00032960: 8098 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 e280 9920 ..locale_dir... \n+00032970: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 (*note locale_di\n+00032980: 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 r::), usually. \n+00032990: 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 .../boot/grub\n+000329a0: 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 /locale........F\n+000329b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000329c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 Node: gptsync, \n+000329d0: 204e 6578 743a 2068 616c 742c 2020 5072 Next: halt, Pr\n+000329e0: 6576 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5570 ev: gettext, Up\n+000329f0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00032a00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3332 ommands..17.4.32\n+00032a10: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gptsync.-------\n+00032a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00032a30: 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2064 mmand: gptsync d\n+00032a40: 6576 6963 6520 5b70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e evice [partition\n+00032a50: 5b2b 2f2d 5b74 7970 655d 5d5d 202e 2e2e [+/-[type]]] ...\n+00032a60: 0a20 2020 2020 4469 736b 7320 7573 696e . Disks usin\n+00032a70: 6720 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 g the GUID Parti\n+00032a80: 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 tion Table (GPT)\n+00032a90: 2061 6c73 6f20 6861 7665 2061 206c 6567 also have a leg\n+00032aa0: 6163 790a 2020 2020 204d 6173 7465 7220 acy. Master \n+00032ab0: 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 Boot Record (MBR\n+00032ac0: 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c ) partition tabl\n+00032ad0: 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c e for compatibil\n+00032ae0: 6974 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ity with the. \n+00032af0: 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2077 6974 6820 BIOS and with \n+00032b00: 6f6c 6465 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 older operating \n+00032b10: 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 5468 6520 6c65 systems. The le\n+00032b20: 6761 6379 204d 4252 2063 616e 206f 6e6c gacy MBR can onl\n+00032b30: 790a 2020 2020 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 y. represent\n+00032b40: 2061 206c 696d 6974 6564 2073 7562 7365 a limited subse\n+00032b50: 7420 6f66 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 t of GPT partiti\n+00032b60: 6f6e 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 on entries... \n+00032b70: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2070 This command p\n+00032b80: 6f70 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 206c 6567 opulates the leg\n+00032b90: 6163 7920 4d42 5220 7769 7468 2074 6865 acy MBR with the\n+00032ba0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2050 4152 5449 specified PARTI\n+00032bb0: 5449 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 TION. entrie\n+00032bc0: 7320 6f6e 2044 4556 4943 452e 2020 5570 s on DEVICE. Up\n+00032bd0: 2074 6f20 7468 7265 6520 7061 7274 6974 to three partit\n+00032be0: 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 ions may be used\n+00032bf0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 2069 7320 ... TYPE is \n+00032c00: 616e 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e an MBR partition\n+00032c10: 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7072 6566 type code; pref\n+00032c20: 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 78e2 8099 ix with ...0x...\n+00032c30: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f0a if you want to.\n+00032c40: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 2074 6869 7320 enter this \n+00032c50: 696e 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2e20 in hexadecimal. \n+00032c60: 2054 6865 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2062 The separator b\n+00032c70: 6574 7765 656e 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e etween PARTITION\n+00032c80: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 206d and. TYPE m\n+00032c90: 6179 2062 6520 e280 982b e280 9920 746f ay be ...+... to\n+00032ca0: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 make the partit\n+00032cb0: 696f 6e20 6163 7469 7665 2c20 6f72 20e2 ion active, or .\n+00032cc0: 8098 2de2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 ..-... to make i\n+00032cd0: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e61 6374 6976 653b t. inactive;\n+00032ce0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 only one partit\n+00032cf0: 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6374 6976 ion may be activ\n+00032d00: 652e 2020 4966 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 e. If both the \n+00032d10: 7365 7061 7261 746f 720a 2020 2020 2061 separator. a\n+00032d20: 6e64 2074 7970 6520 6172 6520 6f6d 6974 nd type are omit\n+00032d30: 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 ted, then the pa\n+00032d40: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 rtition will be \n+00032d50: 696e 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c inactive.....Fil\n+00032d60: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00032d70: 6f64 653a 2068 616c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: halt, Next\n+00032d80: 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 : hashsum, Prev\n+00032d90: 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5570 3a20 : gptsync, Up: \n+00032da0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00032db0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3333 2068 mands..17.4.33 h\n+00032dc0: 616c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d alt.------------\n+00032dd0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 .. -- Command: h\n+00032de0: 616c 7420 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6d5d 0a20 alt [--no-apm]. \n+00032df0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 The command \n+00032e00: 6861 6c74 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 halts the comput\n+00032e10: 6572 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 er. On the i386\n+00032e20: 2d70 6320 7461 7267 6574 2c20 7468 650a -pc target, the.\n+00032e30: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d ...--no-apm\n+00032e40: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2073 ... option, or s\n+00032e50: 686f 7274 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 992c 2069 hort ...-n..., i\n+00032e60: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 206e 6f20 s specified, no \n+00032e70: 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 6973 APM BIOS call is\n+00032e80: 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 642e . performed.\n+00032e90: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 Otherwise, the\n+00032ea0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6973 2073 6875 computer is shu\n+00032eb0: 7420 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 2041 504d t down using APM\n+00032ec0: 206f 6e20 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7461 on that. ta\n+00032ed0: 7267 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rget.....File: g\n+00032ee0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00032ef0: 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a hashsum, Next:\n+00032f00: 2068 656c 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 help, Prev: ha\n+00032f10: 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lt, Up: Command\n+00032f20: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00032f30: 3137 2e34 2e33 3420 6861 7368 7375 6d0a 17.4.34 hashsum.\n+00032f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00032f50: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 . -- Command: ha\n+00032f60: 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2068 6173 shsum --hash has\n+00032f70: 6820 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 202d h --keep-going -\n+00032f80: 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 2d2d 6368 -uncompress --ch\n+00032f90: 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 eck file. \n+00032fa0: 2020 205b 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 2064 6972 [--prefix dir\n+00032fb0: 5d7c 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 ]|file .... \n+00032fc0: 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2076 6572 6966 Compute or verif\n+00032fd0: 7920 6669 6c65 2068 6173 6865 732e 2020 y file hashes. \n+00032fe0: 4861 7368 2074 7970 6520 6973 2073 656c Hash type is sel\n+00032ff0: 6563 7465 6420 7769 7468 206f 7074 696f ected with optio\n+00033000: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 7368 n. ...--hash\n+00033010: e280 992e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 .... Supported \n+00033020: 6861 7368 6573 2061 7265 3a20 e280 9861 hashes are: ...a\n+00033030: 646c 6572 3332 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 dler32..., ...cr\n+00033040: 6336 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3332 c64..., ...crc32\n+00033050: e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 7263 ...,. ...crc\n+00033060: 3332 7266 6331 3531 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 32rfc1510..., ..\n+00033070: 9863 7263 3234 7266 6332 3434 30e2 8099 .crc24rfc2440...\n+00033080: 2c20 e280 986d 6434 e280 992c 20e2 8098 , ...md4..., ...\n+00033090: 6d64 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 9872 6970 656d md5..., ...ripem\n+000330a0: 6431 3630 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6131 d160..., ...sha1\n+000330b0: e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 6861 ...,. ...sha\n+000330c0: 3232 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3235 224..., ...sha25\n+000330d0: 36e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3531 32e2 6..., ...sha512.\n+000330e0: 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3338 34e2 8099 .., ...sha384...\n+000330f0: 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 3139 32e2 8099 , ...tiger192...\n+00033100: 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 e280 992c 0a20 , ...tiger...,. \n+00033110: 2020 2020 e280 9874 6967 6572 32e2 8099 ...tiger2...\n+00033120: 2c20 e280 9877 6869 726c 706f 6f6c e280 , ...whirlpool..\n+00033130: 992e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d .. Option ...--\n+00033140: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 e280 9920 756e uncompress... un\n+00033150: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6573 2066 696c 6573 compresses files\n+00033160: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 666f 7265 2063 6f6d . before com\n+00033170: 7075 7469 6e67 2068 6173 682e 0a0a 2020 puting hash... \n+00033180: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 When list of \n+00033190: 6669 6c65 7320 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 files is given, \n+000331a0: 6861 7368 206f 6620 6561 6368 2066 696c hash of each fil\n+000331b0: 6520 6973 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 6420 616e e is computed an\n+000331c0: 640a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2c20 d. printed, \n+000331d0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6669 6c65 followed by file\n+000331e0: 206e 616d 652c 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 name, each file\n+000331f0: 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e0a on a new line..\n+00033200: 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 206f 7074 696f . When optio\n+00033210: 6e20 e280 982d 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 n ...--check... \n+00033220: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2070 6f69 is given, it poi\n+00033230: 6e74 7320 746f 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 nts to a file th\n+00033240: 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 730a 2020 2020 at contains. \n+00033250: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2048 4153 4820 4e41 list of HASH NA\n+00033260: 4d45 2070 6169 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ME pairs in the \n+00033270: 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6173 2075 same format as u\n+00033280: 7365 6420 6279 2055 4e49 5820 e280 986d sed by UNIX ...m\n+00033290: 6435 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f d5sum.... co\n+000332a0: 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 mmand. Option .\n+000332b0: 8098 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d61 ..--prefix... ma\n+000332c0: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 6976 y be used to giv\n+000332d0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 e directory wher\n+000332e0: 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 e. files are\n+000332f0: 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2e20 2048 6173 6820 located. Hash \n+00033300: 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 746f verification sto\n+00033310: 7073 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 ps after the fir\n+00033320: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 736d 6174 6368 st. mismatch\n+00033330: 2077 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 2075 6e6c 6573 was found unles\n+00033340: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6b65 s option ...--ke\n+00033350: 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 e280 9920 7761 7320 ep-going... was \n+00033360: 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 given. The. \n+00033370: 2065 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f exit code ...$?\n+00033380: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 ... is set to 0 \n+00033390: 6966 2068 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 if hash verifica\n+000333a0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 tion is successf\n+000333b0: 756c 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 ul. If. it \n+000333c0: 6661 696c 732c 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 fails, ...$?... \n+000333d0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a is set to a nonz\n+000333e0: 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ero value.....Fi\n+000333f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00033400: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 204e 6578 Node: help, Nex\n+00033410: 743a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 t: hexdump, Pre\n+00033420: 763a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2055 703a v: hashsum, Up:\n+00033430: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00033440: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3520 mmands..17.4.35 \n+00033450: 6865 6c70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d help.-----------\n+00033460: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00033470: 6865 6c70 205b 7061 7474 6572 6e20 2e2e help [pattern ..\n+00033480: 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 .]. Display \n+00033490: 6865 6c70 6675 6c20 696e 666f 726d 6174 helpful informat\n+000334a0: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 6275 696c 7469 ion about builti\n+000334b0: 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 n commands. If \n+000334c0: 796f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 you do not. \n+000334d0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e2c specify PATTERN,\n+000334e0: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 this command sh\n+000334f0: 6f77 7320 7368 6f72 7420 6465 7363 7269 ows short descri\n+00033500: 7074 696f 6e73 206f 6620 616c 6c0a 2020 ptions of all. \n+00033510: 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d available com\n+00033520: 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 mands... If \n+00033530: 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e 7920 you specify any \n+00033540: 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2c20 6974 2064 6973 PATTERNS, it dis\n+00033550: 706c 6179 7320 6c6f 6e67 6572 2069 6e66 plays longer inf\n+00033560: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 0a20 ormation about. \n+00033570: 2020 2020 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 each of the \n+00033580: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 686f 7365 206e commands whose n\n+00033590: 616d 6573 2062 6567 696e 2077 6974 6820 ames begin with \n+000335a0: 7468 6f73 6520 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2e0a those PATTERNS..\n+000335b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000335c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 fo, Node: hexdu\n+000335d0: 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e73 6d6f mp, Next: insmo\n+000335e0: 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 d, Prev: help, \n+000335f0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00033600: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00033610: 2e33 3620 6865 7864 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d .36 hexdump.----\n+00033620: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00033630: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 7864 756d Command: hexdum\n+00033640: 7020 5b2d 2d73 6b69 7020 6f66 6673 6574 p [--skip offset\n+00033650: 5d20 5b2d 2d6c 656e 6774 6820 6c65 6e5d ] [--length len]\n+00033660: 2046 494c 455f 4f52 5f44 4556 4943 450a FILE_OR_DEVICE.\n+00033670: 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 7261 7720 636f Show raw co\n+00033680: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 ntents of a file\n+00033690: 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2057 6865 or memory. Whe\n+000336a0: 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b n option ...--sk\n+000336b0: 6970 e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 ip... is. gi\n+000336c0: 7665 6e2c 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 ven, ...offset..\n+000336d0: 9920 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 . number of byte\n+000336e0: 7320 6172 6520 736b 6970 7065 6420 6672 s are skipped fr\n+000336f0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 om the start of \n+00033700: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 the. device \n+00033710: 6f72 2066 696c 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 or file given. \n+00033720: 416e 6420 e280 982d 2d6c 656e 6774 68e2 And ...--length.\n+00033730: 8099 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7370 6563 6966 .. allows specif\n+00033740: 7969 6e67 2061 206d 6178 696d 756d 0a20 ying a maximum. \n+00033750: 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 number of by\n+00033760: 7465 7320 746f 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e tes to be shown.\n+00033770: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 6e20 .. If given \n+00033780: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6465 7669 the special devi\n+00033790: 6365 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 286d 656d ce named ...(mem\n+000337a0: 29e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 20e2 )..., then the .\n+000337b0: 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 6769 7665 ..offset... give\n+000337c0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982d 2d73 n. to ...--s\n+000337d0: 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 kip... is treate\n+000337e0: 6420 6173 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 d as the address\n+000337f0: 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6d6f 7279 206c 6f63 of a memory loc\n+00033800: 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2064 756d 700a 2020 ation to dump. \n+00033810: 2020 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 from.....File\n+00033820: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00033830: 6465 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 de: insmod, Nex\n+00033840: 743a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2050 t: keystatus, P\n+00033850: 7265 763a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 rev: hexdump, U\n+00033860: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00033870: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n+00033880: 3720 696e 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7 insmod.-------\n+00033890: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+000338a0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 206d 6f64 mand: insmod mod\n+000338b0: 756c 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 ule. Insert \n+000338c0: 7468 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6320 4752 5542 the dynamic GRUB\n+000338d0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 204d module called M\n+000338e0: 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ODULE.....File: \n+000338f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00033900: 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 4e65 : keystatus, Ne\n+00033910: 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 xt: list_env, P\n+00033920: 7265 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 rev: insmod, Up\n+00033930: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00033940: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3338 ommands..17.4.38\n+00033950: 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d keystatus.-----\n+00033960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00033970: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206b 6579 7374 - Command: keyst\n+00033980: 6174 7573 205b 2d2d 7368 6966 745d 205b atus [--shift] [\n+00033990: 2d2d 6374 726c 5d20 5b2d 2d61 6c74 5d0a --ctrl] [--alt].\n+000339a0: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 Return true\n+000339b0: 2069 6620 7468 6520 5368 6966 742c 2043 if the Shift, C\n+000339c0: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2c20 6f72 2041 6c74 206d ontrol, or Alt m\n+000339d0: 6f64 6966 6965 7220 6b65 7973 2061 7265 odifier keys are\n+000339e0: 2068 656c 640a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e2c held. down,\n+000339f0: 2061 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 6279 as requested by\n+00033a00: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 options. This \n+00033a10: 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2073 6372 is useful in scr\n+00033a20: 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ipting, to. \n+00033a30: 616c 6c6f 7720 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7220 allow some user \n+00033a40: 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6f76 6572 2062 6568 control over beh\n+00033a50: 6176 696f 7572 2077 6974 686f 7574 2068 aviour without h\n+00033a60: 6176 696e 6720 746f 2077 6169 7420 666f aving to wait fo\n+00033a70: 7220 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7072 6573 r a. keypres\n+00033a80: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 696e s... Checkin\n+00033a90: 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 g key modifier s\n+00033aa0: 7461 7475 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 tatus is only su\n+00033ab0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 pported on some \n+00033ac0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a20 2020 2020 platforms.. \n+00033ad0: 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f If invoked witho\n+00033ae0: 7574 2061 6e79 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 ut any options, \n+00033af0: 7468 6520 e280 986b 6579 7374 6174 7573 the ...keystatus\n+00033b00: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 7475 ... command retu\n+00033b10: 726e 730a 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 6966 rns. true if\n+00033b20: 2061 6e64 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2063 6865 and only if che\n+00033b30: 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 cking key modifi\n+00033b40: 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2073 7570 er status is sup\n+00033b50: 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ported.....File:\n+00033b60: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00033b70: 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 e: list_env, Ne\n+00033b80: 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 xt: list_trusted\n+00033b90: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206b 6579 7374 6174 , Prev: keystat\n+00033ba0: 7573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 us, Up: Command\n+00033bb0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00033bc0: 3137 2e34 2e33 3920 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 17.4.39 list_env\n+00033bd0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00033be0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00033bf0: 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 list_env [--file\n+00033c00: 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 file]. List\n+00033c10: 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 all variables i\n+00033c20: 6e20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e n the environmen\n+00033c30: 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a t block file. *\n+00033c40: 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7669 726f Note. Enviro\n+00033c50: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a nment block::...\n+00033c60: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 The ...--fi\n+00033c70: 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 le... option ove\n+00033c80: 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 rrides the defau\n+00033c90: 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 lt location of t\n+00033ca0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d he. environm\n+00033cb0: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ent block.....Fi\n+00033cc0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00033cd0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 Node: list_trust\n+00033ce0: 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 645f ed, Next: load_\n+00033cf0: 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 env, Prev: list\n+00033d00: 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 _env, Up: Comma\n+00033d10: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00033d20: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3020 6c69 7374 5f74 ..17.4.40 list_t\n+00033d30: 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rusted.---------\n+00033d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00033d50: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 Command: list_t\n+00033d60: 7275 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 rusted. List\n+00033d70: 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 all public keys\n+00033d80: 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 trusted by GRUB\n+00033d90: 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 6174 696e 6720 for validating \n+00033da0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 signatures.. \n+00033db0: 2054 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 6973 2069 The output is i\n+00033dc0: 6e20 4750 4727 7320 7634 206b 6579 2066 n GPG's v4 key f\n+00033dd0: 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 2066 6f72 6d61 ingerprint forma\n+00033de0: 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 6865 206f 7574 t (i.e., the out\n+00033df0: 7075 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 9867 put. of ...g\n+00033e00: 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 pg --fingerprint\n+00033e10: e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6561 7374 ...). The least\n+00033e20: 2073 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2066 6f75 significant fou\n+00033e30: 7220 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 740a 2020 r bytes (last. \n+00033e40: 2020 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 eight hexadec\n+00033e50: 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 2063 616e imal digits) can\n+00033e60: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 be used as an a\n+00033e70: 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6469 rgument to ...di\n+00033e80: 7374 7275 7374 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 strust.... (\n+00033e90: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a *note distrust::\n+00033ea0: 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 ). *Note Using \n+00033eb0: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n+00033ec0: 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 es::, for more. \n+00033ed0: 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 information \n+00033ee0: 6162 6f75 7420 7573 6573 2066 6f72 2074 about uses for t\n+00033ef0: 6865 7365 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 hese keys.....Fi\n+00033f00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00033f10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 Node: load_env, \n+00033f20: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c Next: loadfont,\n+00033f30: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 Prev: list_tru\n+00033f40: 7374 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 sted, Up: Comma\n+00033f50: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00033f60: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3120 6c6f 6164 5f65 ..17.4.41 load_e\n+00033f70: 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nv.-------------\n+00033f80: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00033f90: 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 : load_env [--fi\n+00033fa0: 6c65 2066 696c 655d 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 le file] [--skip\n+00033fb0: 2d73 6967 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 -sig]. \n+00033fc0: 5b77 6869 7465 6c69 7374 6564 5f76 6172 [whitelisted_var\n+00033fd0: 6961 626c 655f 6e61 6d65 5d20 2e2e 2e0a iable_name] ....\n+00033fe0: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 7661 Load all va\n+00033ff0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 riables from the\n+00034000: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n+00034010: 636b 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f 2074 6865 ck file into the\n+00034020: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n+00034030: 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f t. *Note Enviro\n+00034040: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a nment block::...\n+00034050: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 The ...--fi\n+00034060: 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 le... option ove\n+00034070: 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 rrides the defau\n+00034080: 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 lt location of t\n+00034090: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d he. environm\n+000340a0: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 ent block... \n+000340b0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 The ...--skip-s\n+000340c0: 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 6b69 ig... option ski\n+000340d0: 7073 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 ps signature che\n+000340e0: 636b 696e 6720 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 cking even when \n+000340f0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 206f the. value o\n+00034100: 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 f environment va\n+00034110: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n+00034120: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 signatures... is\n+00034130: 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 set to. ...\n+00034140: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 enforce... (*not\n+00034150: 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 e check_signatur\n+00034160: 6573 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 es::)... If \n+00034170: 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 7661 7269 one or more vari\n+00034180: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2070 able names are p\n+00034190: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d rovided as argum\n+000341a0: 656e 7473 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 ents, they are. \n+000341b0: 2020 2020 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 interpreted \n+000341c0: 6173 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f as a whitelist o\n+000341d0: 6620 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f 206c f variables to l\n+000341e0: 6f61 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 oad from the. \n+000341f0: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c environment bl\n+00034200: 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 2056 6172 6961 ock file. Varia\n+00034210: 626c 6573 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 bles set in the \n+00034220: 6669 6c65 2062 7574 206e 6f74 2070 7265 file but not pre\n+00034230: 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 sent. in the\n+00034240: 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2061 7265 2069 whitelist are i\n+00034250: 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 gnored... Th\n+00034260: 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 e ...--skip-sig.\n+00034270: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 6c64 .. option should\n+00034280: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 be used with ca\n+00034290: 7265 2c20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 re, and should a\n+000342a0: 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2062 6520 7573 lways. be us\n+000342b0: 6564 2069 6e20 636f 6e63 6572 7420 7769 ed in concert wi\n+000342c0: 7468 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f th a whitelist o\n+000342d0: 6620 6163 6365 7074 6162 6c65 2076 6172 f acceptable var\n+000342e0: 6961 626c 6573 2077 686f 7365 0a20 2020 iables whose. \n+000342f0: 2020 7661 6c75 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 values should \n+00034300: 6265 2073 6574 2e20 2046 6169 6c75 7265 be set. Failure\n+00034310: 2074 6f20 656d 706c 6f79 2061 2063 6172 to employ a car\n+00034320: 6566 756c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 efully construct\n+00034330: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6974 656c 6973 ed. whitelis\n+00034340: 7420 636f 756c 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2069 t could result i\n+00034350: 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 6120 6d61 6c69 n reading a mali\n+00034360: 6369 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 696e 746f cious value into\n+00034370: 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2065 critical. e\n+00034380: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00034390: 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6669 bles from the fi\n+000343a0: 6c65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7365 7474 le, such as sett\n+000343b0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6368 6563 ing. ...chec\n+000343c0: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e 6fe2 k_signatures=no.\n+000343d0: 8099 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 696e 6720 e280 .., modifying ..\n+000343e0: 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 626f .prefix... to bo\n+000343f0: 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 ot from an. \n+00034400: 756e 6578 7065 6374 6564 206c 6f63 6174 unexpected locat\n+00034410: 696f 6e20 6f72 206e 6f74 2061 7420 616c ion or not at al\n+00034420: 6c2c 2065 7463 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 l, etc... Wh\n+00034430: 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 en used with car\n+00034440: 652c 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e, ...--skip-sig\n+00034450: e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6974 ... and the whit\n+00034460: 656c 6973 7420 656e 6162 6c65 2061 6e0a elist enable an.\n+00034470: 2020 2020 2061 646d 696e 6973 7472 6174 administrat\n+00034480: 6f72 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 or to configure \n+00034490: 6120 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 a system to boot\n+000344a0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 0a20 2020 only signed. \n+000344b0: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 configurations\n+000344c0: 2c20 6275 7420 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 , but to allow t\n+000344d0: 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f 2073 656c 6563 he user to selec\n+000344e0: 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6d6f 6e67 206d 756c t from among mul\n+000344f0: 7469 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 tiple. confi\n+00034500: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2074 gurations, and t\n+00034510: 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2022 6f6e 652d 7368 o enable \"one-sh\n+00034520: 6f74 2220 626f 6f74 2061 7474 656d 7074 ot\" boot attempt\n+00034530: 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2022 7361 7665 s and. \"save\n+00034540: 6465 6661 756c 7422 2062 6568 6176 696f default\" behavio\n+00034550: 722e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 r. *Note Using \n+00034560: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n+00034570: 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 es::, for more. \n+00034580: 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e information.\n+00034590: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000345a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 nfo, Node: load\n+000345b0: 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f6f font, Next: loo\n+000345c0: 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f pback, Prev: lo\n+000345d0: 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ad_env, Up: Com\n+000345e0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+000345f0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3220 6c6f 6164 ds..17.4.42 load\n+00034600: 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d font.-----------\n+00034610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00034620: 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2066 696c nd: loadfont fil\n+00034630: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 e .... Load \n+00034640: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f 6e74 2066 specified font f\n+00034650: 696c 6573 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 6162 iles. Unless ab\n+00034660: 736f 6c75 7465 2070 6174 686e 616d 6520 solute pathname \n+00034670: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 0a20 is given, FILE. \n+00034680: 2020 2020 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 is assumed t\n+00034690: 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 o be in director\n+000346a0: 7920 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f66 6f6e y ...$prefix/fon\n+000346b0: 7473 e280 9920 7769 7468 2073 7566 6669 ts... with suffi\n+000346c0: 7820 e280 982e 7066 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 x ....pf2.... \n+000346d0: 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f appended. *No\n+000346e0: 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 656d 6520 te Fonts: Theme \n+000346f0: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 1f0a file format.....\n+00034700: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00034710: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b Node: loopback\n+00034720: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 732c 2020 5072 , Next: ls, Pr\n+00034730: 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 ev: loadfont, U\n+00034740: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00034750: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n+00034760: 3320 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 loopback.-----\n+00034770: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00034780: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 Command: loopba\n+00034790: 636b 205b 2d64 5d20 5b2d 445d 2064 6576 ck [-d] [-D] dev\n+000347a0: 6963 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 ice file. Ma\n+000347b0: 6b65 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 ke the device na\n+000347c0: 6d65 6420 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f72 7265 med DEVICE corre\n+000347d0: 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e spond to the con\n+000347e0: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 tents of the. \n+000347f0: 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 filesystem ima\n+00034800: 6765 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 6f72 ge in FILE. For\n+00034810: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n+00034820: 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6c6f loopback lo\n+00034830: 6f70 3020 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f69 6d61 op0 /path/to/ima\n+00034840: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 7320 ge. ls \n+00034850: 286c 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 (loop0)/.. S\n+00034860: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 pecifying the ..\n+00034870: 982d 44e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 616c .-D... option al\n+00034880: 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 lows the loopbac\n+00034890: 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 k file to be. \n+000348a0: 2020 7472 616e 7061 7265 6e74 6c79 2064 tranparently d\n+000348b0: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 6966 2074 ecompressed if t\n+000348c0: 6865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2061 7070 726f here is an appro\n+000348d0: 7072 6961 7465 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 priate decompres\n+000348e0: 736f 720a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 642e sor. loaded.\n+000348f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 .. With the \n+00034900: e280 982d 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c ...-d... option,\n+00034910: 2064 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 7669 6365 delete a device\n+00034920: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6372 6561 previously crea\n+00034930: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 ted using this. \n+00034940: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a command.....\n+00034950: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00034960: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 Node: ls, Nex\n+00034970: 743a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2050 7265 t: lsfonts, Pre\n+00034980: 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 v: loopback, Up\n+00034990: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+000349a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3434 ommands..17.4.44\n+000349b0: 206c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a ls.----------..\n+000349c0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7320 -- Command: ls \n+000349d0: 5b61 7267 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c [arg ...]. L\n+000349e0: 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 6f72 2066 ist devices or f\n+000349f0: 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 iles... With\n+00034a00: 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 no arguments, p\n+00034a10: 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c 2064 6576 6963 6573 rint all devices\n+00034a20: 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a known to GRUB..\n+00034a30: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 . If the arg\n+00034a40: 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 6576 6963 ument is a devic\n+00034a50: 6520 6e61 6d65 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 e name enclosed \n+00034a60: 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 2028 in parentheses (\n+00034a70: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2044 6576 6963 *note. Devic\n+00034a80: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 e syntax::), the\n+00034a90: 6e20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 n print the name\n+00034aa0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 of the filesyst\n+00034ab0: 656d 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 em of that. \n+00034ac0: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 device... If\n+00034ad0: 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 the argument is\n+00034ae0: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2067 6976 a directory giv\n+00034af0: 656e 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 en as an absolut\n+00034b00: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 e file name. \n+00034b10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d (*note File nam\n+00034b20: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 e syntax::), the\n+00034b30: 6e20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 n list the conte\n+00034b40: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 nts of that. \n+00034b50: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 directory.....F\n+00034b60: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00034b70: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 Node: lsfonts, \n+00034b80: 204e 6578 743a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 Next: lsmod, P\n+00034b90: 7265 763a 206c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f rev: ls, Up: Co\n+00034ba0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00034bb0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3435 206c 7366 nds..17.4.45 lsf\n+00034bc0: 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d onts.-----------\n+00034bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00034be0: 643a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 d: lsfonts. \n+00034bf0: 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 List loaded font\n+00034c00: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00034c10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .info, Node: ls\n+00034c20: 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 3573 mod, Next: md5s\n+00034c30: 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 7366 6f6e um, Prev: lsfon\n+00034c40: 7473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ts, Up: Command\n+00034c50: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00034c60: 3137 2e34 2e34 3620 6c73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 17.4.46 lsmod.--\n+00034c70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00034c80: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 6d6f 640a Command: lsmod.\n+00034c90: 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c69 7374 206f Show list o\n+00034ca0: 6620 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 6f64 756c 6573 f loaded modules\n+00034cb0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00034cc0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6435 info, Node: md5\n+00034cd0: 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d6f 6475 sum, Next: modu\n+00034ce0: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 736d 6f64 le, Prev: lsmod\n+00034cf0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00034d00: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00034d10: 2e34 2e34 3720 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 2d2d .4.47 md5sum.---\n+00034d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00034d30: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 756d Command: md5sum\n+00034d40: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c arg .... Al\n+00034d50: 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 ias for ...hashs\n+00034d60: 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 3520 6172 um --hash md5 ar\n+00034d70: 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 g ....... See c\n+00034d80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 ommand ...hashsu\n+00034d90: 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 m.... (*note\n+00034da0: 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 hashsum::) for \n+00034db0: 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e full description\n+00034dc0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00034dd0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 info, Node: mod\n+00034de0: 756c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d75 6c74 ule, Next: mult\n+00034df0: 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d64 iboot, Prev: md\n+00034e00: 3573 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 5sum, Up: Comma\n+00034e10: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00034e20: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3820 6d6f 6475 6c65 ..17.4.48 module\n+00034e30: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+00034e40: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d6f . -- Command: mo\n+00034e50: 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d dule [--nounzip]\n+00034e60: 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 file [arguments\n+00034e70: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f ]. Load a mo\n+00034e80: 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 626f dule for multibo\n+00034e90: 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652e ot kernel image.\n+00034ea0: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 The rest of th\n+00034eb0: 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 e line is. p\n+00034ec0: 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 assed verbatim a\n+00034ed0: 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d s the module com\n+00034ee0: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 mand line.....Fi\n+00034ef0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00034f00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c Node: multiboot,\n+00034f10: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 Next: nativedi\n+00034f20: 736b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 6f64 756c sk, Prev: modul\n+00034f30: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n+00034f40: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00034f50: 372e 342e 3439 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 7.4.49 multiboot\n+00034f60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00034f70: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00034f80: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 205b 2d2d 7175 multiboot [--qu\n+00034f90: 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 5d0a irk-bad-kludge].\n+00034fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d71 7569 [--qui\n+00034fb0: 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 6674 6572 rk-modules-after\n+00034fc0: 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c 6520 2e2e -kernel] file ..\n+00034fd0: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 .. Load a mu\n+00034fe0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 ltiboot kernel i\n+00034ff0: 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 mage from FILE. \n+00035000: 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 The rest of the\n+00035010: 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 line is. pa\n+00035020: 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 ssed verbatim as\n+00035030: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 the ...kernel c\n+00035040: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 ommand-line.... \n+00035050: 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 7374 Any module must\n+00035060: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 6465 be. reloade\n+00035070: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 d after using th\n+00035080: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 is command (*not\n+00035090: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 e module::)... \n+000350a0: 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 7320 Some kernels \n+000350b0: 6861 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 726f 626c have known probl\n+000350c0: 656d 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 ems. You need t\n+000350d0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 7569 726b o specify -quirk\n+000350e0: 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6f73 -* for. thos\n+000350f0: 652e 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b e. -quirk-bad-k\n+00035100: 6c75 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 726f 626c ludge is a probl\n+00035110: 656d 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 6576 6572 em seen in sever\n+00035120: 616c 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a 2020 2020 al products. \n+00035130: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 6e63 6c75 that they inclu\n+00035140: 6465 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 6467 de loading kludg\n+00035150: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7769 e information wi\n+00035160: 7468 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 6174 6120 th invalid data \n+00035170: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 6669 6c65 in. ELF file\n+00035180: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f 7220 746f . GRUB prior to\n+00035190: 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 2063 0.97 and some c\n+000351a0: 7573 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 2070 7265 ustom builds pre\n+000351b0: 6665 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 2020 ferred ELF. \n+000351c0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7768 696c information whil\n+000351d0: 6520 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 e 0.97 and GRUB \n+000351e0: 3220 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 2055 2 use kludge. U\n+000351f0: 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 se this option t\n+00035200: 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6520 6b6c o. ignore kl\n+00035210: 7564 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 udge. Known aff\n+00035220: 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 206f ected systems: o\n+00035230: 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 536b 794f ld Solaris, SkyO\n+00035240: 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 6972 6b2d S... -quirk-\n+00035250: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 modules-after-ke\n+00035260: 726e 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2066 rnel is needed f\n+00035270: 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 6368 or kernels which\n+00035280: 206c 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7265 load at. re\n+00035290: 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 6820 6164 latively high ad\n+000352a0: 6472 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 3136 4d69 dress e.g. 16Mi\n+000352b0: 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2774 B mark and can't\n+000352c0: 2063 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 cope with. \n+000352d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 6665 6420 modules stuffed \n+000352e0: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 206d 6172 between 1MiB mar\n+000352f0: 6b20 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 k and beginning \n+00035300: 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 of the kernel.. \n+00035310: 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 6563 Known afftec\n+00035320: 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 2056 4d57 ted systems: VMW\n+00035330: 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 are.....File: gr\n+00035340: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00035350: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 204e 6578 nativedisk, Nex\n+00035360: 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 t: normal, Prev\n+00035370: 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 : multiboot, Up\n+00035380: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00035390: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3530 ommands..17.4.50\n+000353a0: 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d nativedisk.----\n+000353b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000353c0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6174 -- Command: nat\n+000353d0: 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 2053 7769 ivedisk. Swi\n+000353e0: 7463 6820 6672 6f6d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 tch from firmwar\n+000353f0: 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7273 2074 e disk drivers t\n+00035400: 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 206f 6e65 732e 2020 o native ones. \n+00035410: 5265 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 Really useful. \n+00035420: 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 only on platf\n+00035430: 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2062 6f74 6820 orms where both \n+00035440: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6174 firmware and nat\n+00035450: 6976 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 ive disk drives \n+00035460: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 are. availab\n+00035470: 6c65 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 le. Currently i\n+00035480: 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d65 6669 386-pc, i386-efi\n+00035490: 2c20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 3520 , i386-ieee1275 \n+000354a0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d and. x86_64-\n+000354b0: 6566 692e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 efi.....File: gr\n+000354c0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000354d0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e normal, Next: n\n+000354e0: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2050 7265 ormal_exit, Pre\n+000354f0: 763a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 v: nativedisk, \n+00035500: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00035510: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00035520: 3531 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 51 normal.------\n+00035530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00035540: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 5b66 mmand: normal [f\n+00035550: 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 ile]. Enter \n+00035560: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 normal mode and \n+00035570: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 display the GRUB\n+00035580: 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 menu... In \n+00035590: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6d normal mode, com\n+000355a0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 mands, filesyste\n+000355b0: 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2063 m modules, and c\n+000355c0: 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 790a 2020 2020 ryptography. \n+000355d0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 modules are aut\n+000355e0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 omatically loade\n+000355f0: 642c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 d, and the full \n+00035600: 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 7061 7273 GRUB script pars\n+00035610: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7661 696c er. is avail\n+00035620: 6162 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 able. Other mod\n+00035630: 756c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 6578 706c ules may be expl\n+00035640: 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 icitly loaded us\n+00035650: 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 696e 736d ing. ...insm\n+00035660: 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 od... (*note ins\n+00035670: 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 mod::)... If\n+00035680: 2061 2046 494c 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e a FILE is given\n+00035690: 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 , then commands \n+000356a0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f will be read fro\n+000356b0: 6d20 7468 6174 2066 696c 652e 0a20 2020 m that file.. \n+000356c0: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 Otherwise, the\n+000356d0: 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 y will be read f\n+000356e0: 726f 6d20 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f67 rom ...$prefix/g\n+000356f0: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6620 6974 rub.cfg... if it\n+00035700: 2065 7869 7374 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 exists... .\n+00035710: 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d61 7920 ..normal... may \n+00035720: 6265 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 6f6d 2077 be called from w\n+00035730: 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 ithin normal mod\n+00035740: 652c 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 6e65 e, creating a ne\n+00035750: 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f sted. enviro\n+00035760: 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6d6f nment. It is mo\n+00035770: 7265 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 7573 6520 re usual to use \n+00035780: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n+00035790: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e (*note. con\n+000357a0: 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 2074 figfile::) for t\n+000357b0: 6869 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 his.....File: gr\n+000357c0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000357d0: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 4e65 normal_exit, Ne\n+000357e0: 7874 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2050 xt: parttool, P\n+000357f0: 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 rev: normal, Up\n+00035800: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00035810: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3532 ommands..17.4.52\n+00035820: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a2d 2d2d normal_exit.---\n 00035830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00035840: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00035850: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a20 2020 normal_exit. \n-00035860: 2020 4578 6974 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f Exit normal mo\n-00035870: 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c de (*note normal\n-00035880: 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 696e ::). If this in\n-00035890: 7374 616e 6365 206f 6620 6e6f 726d 616c stance of normal\n-000358a0: 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2077 6173 206e mode. was n\n-000358b0: 6f74 206e 6573 7465 6420 7769 7468 696e ot nested within\n-000358c0: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206f 6e65 2c20 7468 another one, th\n-000358d0: 656e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2072 6573 en return to res\n-000358e0: 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cue mode.....Fil\n-000358f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00035900: 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 ode: parttool, \n-00035910: 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 Next: password, \n-00035920: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 Prev: normal_ex\n-00035930: 6974 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 it, Up: Command\n-00035940: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00035950: 3137 2e34 2e35 3320 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 17.4.53 parttool\n-00035960: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00035970: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00035980: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 7469 parttool partiti\n-00035990: 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 on commands. \n-000359a0: 204d 616b 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f Make various mo\n-000359b0: 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 difications to p\n-000359c0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 artition table e\n-000359d0: 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4561 ntries... Ea\n-000359e0: 6368 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 6569 ch COMMAND is ei\n-000359f0: 7468 6572 2061 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f ther a boolean o\n-00035a00: 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 ption, in which \n-00035a10: 6361 7365 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a case it must be.\n-00035a20: 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 followed wi\n-00035a30: 7468 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 206f 7220 e280 th ...+... or ..\n-00035a40: 982d e280 9920 2877 6974 6820 6e6f 2069 .-... (with no i\n-00035a50: 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 ntervening space\n-00035a60: 2920 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 0a20 ) to enable or. \n-00035a70: 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6174 disable that\n-00035a80: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 656c 7365 option, or else\n-00035a90: 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 6120 7661 6c75 it takes a valu\n-00035aa0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a 2020 e in the form. \n-00035ab0: 2020 20e2 8098 434f 4d4d 414e 443d 5641 ...COMMAND=VA\n-00035ac0: 4c55 45e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4375 LUE...... Cu\n-00035ad0: 7272 656e 746c 792c 20e2 8098 7061 7274 rrently, ...part\n-00035ae0: 746f 6f6c e280 9920 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 tool... is only \n-00035af0: 7573 6566 756c 206f 6e20 444f 5320 7061 useful on DOS pa\n-00035b00: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 2028 rtition tables (\n-00035b10: 616c 736f 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 also. known \n-00035b20: 6173 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 as Master Boot R\n-00035b30: 6563 6f72 642c 206f 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 ecord, or MBR). \n-00035b40: 4f6e 2074 6865 7365 2070 6172 7469 7469 On these partiti\n-00035b50: 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 2020 on tables,. \n-00035b60: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 636f the following co\n-00035b70: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c mmands are avail\n-00035b80: 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 able:.. ...b\n-00035b90: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 oot... (boolean)\n-00035ba0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 . When \n-00035bb0: 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 6d61 enabled, this ma\n-00035bc0: 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 kes the selected\n-00035bd0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6520 7468 partition be th\n-00035be0: 6520 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e active. \n-00035bf0: 2020 2028 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2920 7061 (bootable) pa\n-00035c00: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 2064 rtition on its d\n-00035c10: 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 isk, clearing th\n-00035c20: 6520 6163 7469 7665 2066 6c61 6720 6f6e e active flag on\n-00035c30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 206f . all o\n-00035c40: 7468 6572 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e ther partitions.\n-00035c50: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 This command i\n-00035c60: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 205f 7072 s limited to _pr\n-00035c70: 696d 6172 795f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 imary_. \n-00035c80: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 partitions... \n-00035c90: 2020 20e2 8098 7479 7065 e280 9920 2876 ...type... (v\n-00035ca0: 616c 7565 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alue). \n-00035cb0: 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2074 7970 6520 Change the type \n-00035cc0: 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2070 of an existing p\n-00035cd0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 artition. The v\n-00035ce0: 616c 7565 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 0a20 alue must be a. \n-00035cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 number \n-00035d00: 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d30 in the range 0-0\n-00035d10: 7846 4620 2870 7265 6669 7820 7769 7468 xFF (prefix with\n-00035d20: 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 746f 2065 6e74 ...0x... to ent\n-00035d30: 6572 2069 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 er it in. \n-00035d40: 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 292e hexadecimal).\n-00035d50: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e .. ...hidden\n-00035d60: e280 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 ... (boolean). \n-00035d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 When ena\n-00035d80: 626c 6564 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6964 6573 bled, this hides\n-00035d90: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 the selected pa\n-00035da0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2073 6574 7469 rtition by setti\n-00035db0: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng the. \n-00035dc0: 20e2 809c 6869 6464 656e e280 9d20 6269 ...hidden... bi\n-00035dd0: 7420 696e 2069 7473 2070 6172 7469 7469 t in its partiti\n-00035de0: 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7768 on type code; wh\n-00035df0: 656e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 642c 0a20 2020 en disabled,. \n-00035e00: 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e68 6964 6573 2074 unhides t\n-00035e10: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 he selected part\n-00035e20: 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2063 6c65 6172 696e ition by clearin\n-00035e30: 6720 7468 6973 2062 6974 2e20 2054 6869 g this bit. Thi\n-00035e40: 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 s is. u\n-00035e50: 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 seful only when \n-00035e60: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 444f 5320 6f72 2057 booting DOS or W\n-00035e70: 696e 646f 7773 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 indows and multi\n-00035e80: 706c 6520 7072 696d 6172 790a 2020 2020 ple primary. \n-00035e90: 2020 2020 2020 4641 5420 7061 7274 6974 FAT partit\n-00035ea0: 696f 6e73 2065 7869 7374 2069 6e20 6f6e ions exist in on\n-00035eb0: 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2053 6565 2061 6c73 e disk. See als\n-00035ec0: 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 o *note. \n-00035ed0: 2020 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2e DOS/Windows::.\n-00035ee0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00035ef0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 nfo, Node: pass\n-00035f00: 776f 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6173 word, Next: pas\n-00035f10: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 sword_pbkdf2, P\n-00035f20: 7265 763a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 rev: parttool, \n-00035f30: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00035f40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00035f50: 3534 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2d2d 2d2d 54 password.----\n-00035f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00035f70: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6173 7377 - Command: passw\n-00035f80: 6f72 6420 7573 6572 2063 6c65 6172 2d70 ord user clear-p\n-00035f90: 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 assword. Def\n-00035fa0: 696e 6520 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 ine a user named\n-00035fb0: 2055 5345 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 USER with passw\n-00035fc0: 6f72 6420 434c 4541 522d 5041 5353 574f ord CLEAR-PASSWO\n-00035fd0: 5244 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 RD. *Note. \n-00035fe0: 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Security::.....F\n-00035ff0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00036000: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f Node: password_\n-00036010: 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 pbkdf2, Next: p\n-00036020: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 lainmount, Prev\n-00036030: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2055 703a : password, Up:\n-00036040: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00036050: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3520 mmands..17.4.55 \n-00036060: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 320a password_pbkdf2.\n+00035840: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n+00035850: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ormal_exit. \n+00035860: 4578 6974 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 Exit normal mode\n+00035870: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a (*note normal::\n+00035880: 292e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 696e 7374 ). If this inst\n+00035890: 616e 6365 206f 6620 6e6f 726d 616c 206d ance of normal m\n+000358a0: 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2077 6173 206e 6f74 ode. was not\n+000358b0: 206e 6573 7465 6420 7769 7468 696e 2061 nested within a\n+000358c0: 6e6f 7468 6572 206f 6e65 2c20 7468 656e nother one, then\n+000358d0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2072 6573 6375 return to rescu\n+000358e0: 6520 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a e mode.....File:\n+000358f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00035900: 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 4e65 e: parttool, Ne\n+00035910: 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2050 xt: password, P\n+00035920: 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 rev: normal_exit\n+00035930: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00035940: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00035950: 2e34 2e35 3320 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 0a2d .4.53 parttool.-\n+00035960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00035970: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 . -- Command: pa\n+00035980: 7274 746f 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e rttool partition\n+00035990: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 204d commands. M\n+000359a0: 616b 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f 6469 ake various modi\n+000359b0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 6172 fications to par\n+000359c0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 tition table ent\n+000359d0: 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4561 6368 ries... Each\n+000359e0: 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 6569 7468 COMMAND is eith\n+000359f0: 6572 2061 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f 7074 er a boolean opt\n+00035a00: 696f 6e2c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 ion, in which ca\n+00035a10: 7365 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 se it must be. \n+00035a20: 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 7468 followed with\n+00035a30: 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 206f 7220 e280 982d ...+... or ...-\n+00035a40: e280 9920 2877 6974 6820 6e6f 2069 6e74 ... (with no int\n+00035a50: 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2920 ervening space) \n+00035a60: 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 0a20 2020 to enable or. \n+00035a70: 2020 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6174 206f disable that o\n+00035a80: 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 656c 7365 2069 ption, or else i\n+00035a90: 7420 7461 6b65 7320 6120 7661 6c75 6520 t takes a value \n+00035aa0: 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a 2020 2020 in the form. \n+00035ab0: 20e2 8098 434f 4d4d 414e 443d 5641 4c55 ...COMMAND=VALU\n+00035ac0: 45e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4375 7272 E...... Curr\n+00035ad0: 656e 746c 792c 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f ently, ...partto\n+00035ae0: 6f6c e280 9920 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 ol... is only us\n+00035af0: 6566 756c 206f 6e20 444f 5320 7061 7274 eful on DOS part\n+00035b00: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 2028 616c ition tables (al\n+00035b10: 736f 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6173 so. known as\n+00035b20: 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 Master Boot Rec\n+00035b30: 6f72 642c 206f 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 4f6e ord, or MBR). On\n+00035b40: 2074 6865 7365 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e these partition\n+00035b50: 2074 6162 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 tables,. th\n+00035b60: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 636f 6d6d e following comm\n+00035b70: 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 ands are availab\n+00035b80: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 6f6f le:.. ...boo\n+00035b90: 74e2 8099 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 t... (boolean). \n+00035ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 656e When en\n+00035bb0: 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 abled, this make\n+00035bc0: 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 s the selected p\n+00035bd0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6520 7468 6520 artition be the \n+00035be0: 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 active. \n+00035bf0: 2028 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2920 7061 7274 (bootable) part\n+00035c00: 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 2064 6973 ition on its dis\n+00035c10: 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 6520 k, clearing the \n+00035c20: 6163 7469 7665 2066 6c61 6720 6f6e 0a20 active flag on. \n+00035c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 all oth\n+00035c40: 6572 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 er partitions. \n+00035c50: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n+00035c60: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 205f 7072 696d limited to _prim\n+00035c70: 6172 795f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 ary_. p\n+00035c80: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 artitions... \n+00035c90: 20e2 8098 7479 7065 e280 9920 2876 616c ...type... (val\n+00035ca0: 7565 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 ue). Ch\n+00035cb0: 616e 6765 2074 6865 2074 7970 6520 6f66 ange the type of\n+00035cc0: 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2070 6172 an existing par\n+00035cd0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c tition. The val\n+00035ce0: 7565 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 0a20 2020 ue must be a. \n+00035cf0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e number in\n+00035d00: 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d30 7846 the range 0-0xF\n+00035d10: 4620 2870 7265 6669 7820 7769 7468 20e2 F (prefix with .\n+00035d20: 8098 3078 e280 9920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 ..0x... to enter\n+00035d30: 2069 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 it in. \n+00035d40: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 292e 0a0a hexadecimal)...\n+00035d50: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 ...hidden..\n+00035d60: 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 . (boolean). \n+00035d70: 2020 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c When enabl\n+00035d80: 6564 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6964 6573 2074 ed, this hides t\n+00035d90: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 he selected part\n+00035da0: 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 ition by setting\n+00035db0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 the. .\n+00035dc0: 809c 6869 6464 656e e280 9d20 6269 7420 ..hidden... bit \n+00035dd0: 696e 2069 7473 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e in its partition\n+00035de0: 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7768 656e type code; when\n+00035df0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 642c 0a20 2020 2020 disabled,. \n+00035e00: 2020 2020 2075 6e68 6964 6573 2074 6865 unhides the\n+00035e10: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 selected partit\n+00035e20: 696f 6e20 6279 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 ion by clearing \n+00035e30: 7468 6973 2062 6974 2e20 2054 6869 7320 this bit. This \n+00035e40: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 is. use\n+00035e50: 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 626f ful only when bo\n+00035e60: 6f74 696e 6720 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e oting DOS or Win\n+00035e70: 646f 7773 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 706c dows and multipl\n+00035e80: 6520 7072 696d 6172 790a 2020 2020 2020 e primary. \n+00035e90: 2020 2020 4641 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f FAT partitio\n+00035ea0: 6e73 2065 7869 7374 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 ns exist in one \n+00035eb0: 6469 736b 2e20 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 disk. See also \n+00035ec0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *note. \n+00035ed0: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2e 0a0a DOS/Windows::...\n+00035ee0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00035ef0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f o, Node: passwo\n+00035f00: 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6173 7377 rd, Next: passw\n+00035f10: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 ord_pbkdf2, Pre\n+00035f20: 763a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5570 v: parttool, Up\n+00035f30: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00035f40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3534 ommands..17.4.54\n+00035f50: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d password.------\n+00035f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00035f70: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 Command: passwor\n+00035f80: 6420 7573 6572 2063 6c65 6172 2d70 6173 d user clear-pas\n+00035f90: 7377 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e sword. Defin\n+00035fa0: 6520 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 2055 e a user named U\n+00035fb0: 5345 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 6f72 SER with passwor\n+00035fc0: 6420 434c 4541 522d 5041 5353 574f 5244 d CLEAR-PASSWORD\n+00035fd0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5365 . *Note. Se\n+00035fe0: 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c curity::.....Fil\n+00035ff0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00036000: 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 ode: password_pb\n+00036010: 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 kdf2, Next: pla\n+00036020: 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 inmount, Prev: \n+00036030: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2055 703a 2043 password, Up: C\n+00036040: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00036050: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3520 7061 ands..17.4.55 pa\n+00036060: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 320a 2d2d ssword_pbkdf2.--\n 00036070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00036080: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00036090: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 mand: password_p\n-000360a0: 626b 6466 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 6865 bkdf2 user hashe\n-000360b0: 642d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 d-password. \n-000360c0: 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 Define a user na\n-000360d0: 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 med USER with pa\n-000360e0: 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 5348 ssword hash HASH\n-000360f0: 4544 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 5573 ED-PASSWORD. Us\n-00036100: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d e. ...grub-m\n-00036110: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 kpasswd-pbkdf2..\n-00036120: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n-00036130: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n-00036140: 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 2020 pbkdf2::) to. \n-00036150: 2020 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 generate passw\n-00036160: 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f ord hashes. *No\n-00036170: 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a te Security::...\n-00036180: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00036190: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d o, Node: plainm\n-000361a0: 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 ount, Next: pla\n-000361b0: 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f y, Prev: passwo\n-000361c0: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 3a20 rd_pbkdf2, Up: \n-000361d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-000361e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3536 2070 mands..17.4.56 p\n-000361f0: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lainmount.------\n-00036200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00036210: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 696e - Command: plain\n-00036220: 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 202d 6320 mount device -c \n-00036230: 6369 7068 6572 202d 7320 6b65 7920 7369 cipher -s key si\n-00036240: 7a65 205b 2d68 2068 6173 685d 0a20 2020 ze [-h hash]. \n-00036250: 2020 5be2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7365 6374 [...-S... sect\n-00036260: 6f72 2073 697a 655d 205b e280 982d 70e2 or size] [...-p.\n-00036270: 8099 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d 205b e280 .. password] [..\n-00036280: 982d 75e2 8099 2075 7569 645d 205b 5be2 .-u... uuid] [[.\n-00036290: 8098 2d64 e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c 655d ..-d... keyfile]\n-000362a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 . [...-O... \n-000362b0: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6f66 6673 6574 5d5d keyfile offset]]\n-000362c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 .. Setup acc\n-000362d0: 6573 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 ess to the encry\n-000362e0: 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 2070 pted device in p\n-000362f0: 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f66 6673 lain mode. Offs\n-00036300: 6574 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 et of the. e\n-00036310: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6174 6120 6174 ncrypted data at\n-00036320: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 2073 the device is s\n-00036330: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7465 726d pecified in term\n-00036340: 7320 6f66 2035 3132 2062 7974 650a 2020 s of 512 byte. \n-00036350: 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 2075 7369 6e67 sectors using\n-00036360: 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 the blocklist s\n-00036370: 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 6261 yntax and loopba\n-00036380: 636b 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a ck device. The.\n-00036390: 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 following e\n-000363a0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2068 6f77 xample shows how\n-000363b0: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 314d 6942 to specify 1MiB\n-000363c0: 206f 6666 7365 743a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 offset:.. \n-000363d0: 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206e 6f64 loopback nod\n-000363e0: 6520 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 3230 3438 e (hd0,gpt1)2048\n-000363f0: 2b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 +. plai\n-00036400: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 206e 6f64 6520 2e2e 2e0a nmount node ....\n-00036410: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 6c61 . The ...pla\n-00036420: 696e 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 inmount... comma\n-00036430: 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 nd can be used t\n-00036440: 6f20 6f70 656e 204c 554b 5320 656e 6372 o open LUKS encr\n-00036450: 7970 7465 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 0a20 2020 ypted volume. \n-00036460: 2020 6966 2069 7473 206d 6173 7465 7220 if its master \n-00036470: 6b65 7920 616e 6420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 key and paramete\n-00036480: 7273 2028 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6369 rs (key size, ci\n-00036490: 7068 6572 2c20 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 6574 pher, offset, et\n-000364a0: 6329 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6b6e 6f77 c). are know\n-000364b0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 2061 n... There a\n-000364c0: 7265 2074 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 re two ways to s\n-000364d0: 7065 6369 6679 2061 2070 6173 7377 6f72 pecify a passwor\n-000364e0: 643a 2061 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2061 6e64 d: a keyfile and\n-000364f0: 2061 2073 6563 7265 740a 2020 2020 2070 a secret. p\n-00036500: 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 2020 5468 6520 assphrase. The \n-00036510: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7061 7468 2070 6172 keyfile path par\n-00036520: 616d 6574 6572 2068 6173 2068 6967 6865 ameter has highe\n-00036530: 7220 7072 696f 7269 7479 2074 6861 6e0a r priority than.\n-00036540: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6563 7265 7420 the secret \n-00036550: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2070 6172 616d passphrase param\n-00036560: 6574 6572 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7370 6563 eter and is spec\n-00036570: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f ified with the o\n-00036580: 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 ption. ...-d\n-00036590: e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 776f 7264 2064 .... Password d\n-000365a0: 6174 6120 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2066 726f ata obtained fro\n-000365b0: 6d20 6b65 7966 696c 6573 2069 7320 6e6f m keyfiles is no\n-000365c0: 7420 6861 7368 6564 2061 6e64 2069 730a t hashed and is.\n-000365d0: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 used direct\n-000365e0: 6c79 2061 7320 6120 6369 7068 6572 206b ly as a cipher k\n-000365f0: 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c ey. An optional\n-00036600: 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2070 6173 7377 offset of passw\n-00036610: 6f72 6420 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e ord data. in\n-00036620: 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2063 616e the keyfile can\n-00036630: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 be specified wi\n-00036640: 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 th the option ..\n-00036650: 982d 4fe2 8099 206f 7220 6469 7265 6374 .-O... or direct\n-00036660: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 ly. with the\n-00036670: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 64e2 8099 option ...-d...\n-00036680: 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 626c 6f63 6b6c and GRUB blockl\n-00036690: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 6966 2074 ist syntax, if t\n-000366a0: 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2064 6174 610a he keyfile data.\n-000366b0: 2020 2020 2063 616e 2062 6520 6163 6365 can be acce\n-000366c0: 7373 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6465 7669 ssed from a devi\n-000366d0: 6365 2061 6e64 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 ce and is 512 by\n-000366e0: 7465 2061 6c69 676e 6564 2e20 2054 6865 te aligned. The\n-000366f0: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 . following \n-00036700: 6578 616d 706c 6520 7368 6f77 7320 626f example shows bo\n-00036710: 7468 206d 6574 686f 6473 2074 6f20 7370 th methods to sp\n-00036720: 6563 6966 7920 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 ecify password d\n-00036730: 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ata in. the \n-00036740: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6174 206f 6666 7365 keyfile at offse\n-00036750: 7420 314d 6942 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t 1MiB:.. \n-00036760: 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 plainmount -d\n-00036770: 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 382b (hd0,gpt1)2048+\n-00036780: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 .... p\n-00036790: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 lainmount -d (hd\n-000367a0: 302c 6770 7431 292b 202d 4f20 3130 3438 0,gpt1)+ -O 1048\n-000367b0: 3537 3620 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 576 ..... If\n-000367c0: 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 2073 no keyfile is s\n-000367d0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 7468 pecified then th\n-000367e0: 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7365 e password is se\n-000367f0: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a t to the string.\n-00036800: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2062 specified b\n-00036810: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 y option ...-p..\n-00036820: 9920 6f72 2069 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 . or is requeste\n-00036830: 6420 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c 7920 d interactively \n-00036840: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f from the. co\n-00036850: 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 496e 2062 6f74 6820 nsole. In both \n-00036860: 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f76 6964 cases the provid\n-00036870: 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2068 ed password is h\n-00036880: 6173 6865 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 ashed with the. \n-00036890: 2020 2020 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7370 algorithm sp\n-000368a0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 2074 6865 206f ecified by the o\n-000368b0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 68e2 8099 2e20 ption ...-h.... \n-000368c0: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 This option is \n-000368d0: 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2069 mandatory. i\n-000368e0: 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2069 7320 f no keyfile is \n-000368f0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2062 7574 2069 specified, but i\n-00036900: 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 t can be set to \n-00036910: e280 9870 6c61 696e e280 9920 7768 6963 ...plain... whic\n-00036920: 680a 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 h. means tha\n-00036930: 7420 6e6f 2068 6173 6869 6e67 2069 7320 t no hashing is \n-00036940: 646f 6e65 2061 6e64 2073 7563 6820 7061 done and such pa\n-00036950: 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7573 6564 2064 ssword is used d\n-00036960: 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 0a20 2020 2020 irectly as. \n-00036970: 6120 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6970 a key... Cip\n-00036980: 6865 7220 e280 982d 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 her ...-c... and\n-00036990: 206b 6579 7369 7a65 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 keysize ...-s..\n-000369a0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 . options specif\n-000369b0: 7920 7468 6520 6369 7068 6572 2061 6c67 y the cipher alg\n-000369c0: 6f72 6974 686d 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 orithm. and \n-000369d0: 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2072 6573 the key size res\n-000369e0: 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 616e 6420 6172 pectively and ar\n-000369f0: 6520 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6f70 7469 e mandatory opti\n-00036a00: 6f6e 732e 2020 4369 7068 6572 0a20 2020 ons. Cipher. \n-00036a10: 2020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 must be specif\n-00036a20: 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206d 6f64 ied with the mod\n-00036a30: 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 e separated by a\n-00036a40: 2064 6173 6820 2866 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 dash (for examp\n-00036a50: 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6165 732d le,. ...aes-\n-00036a60: 7874 732d 706c 6169 6e36 34e2 8099 292e xts-plain64...).\n-00036a70: 2020 4b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 7074 696f Key size optio\n-00036a80: 6e20 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7468 n ...-s... is th\n-00036a90: 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 7468 e key size of th\n-00036aa0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6970 6865 7220 696e e. cipher in\n-00036ab0: 2062 6974 732c 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 6265 bits, not to be\n-00036ac0: 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 7769 7468 2074 confused with t\n-00036ad0: 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 he offset of the\n-00036ae0: 206b 6579 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2069 key data. i\n-00036af0: 6e20 6120 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7370 6563 n a keyfile spec\n-00036b00: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 ified with the .\n-00036b10: 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 ..-O... option. \n-00036b20: 2049 7420 6d75 7374 206e 6f74 2065 7863 It must not exc\n-00036b30: 6565 640a 2020 2020 2031 3032 3420 6269 eed. 1024 bi\n-00036b40: 7473 2c20 736f 2061 2033 3220 6279 7465 ts, so a 32 byte\n-00036b50: 206b 6579 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7370 key would be sp\n-00036b60: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2032 3536 2062 ecified as 256 b\n-00036b70: 6974 730a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 its.. The op\n-00036b80: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 tional parameter\n-00036b90: 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 ...-S... specif\n-00036ba0: 6965 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 ies encrypted de\n-00036bb0: 7669 6365 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 vice sector size\n-00036bc0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6d75 7374 2062 .. It must b\n-00036bd0: 6520 6174 206c 6561 7374 2035 3132 2062 e at least 512 b\n-00036be0: 7974 6573 206c 6f6e 6720 2864 6566 6175 ytes long (defau\n-00036bf0: 6c74 2076 616c 7565 2920 616e 6420 6120 lt value) and a \n-00036c00: 706f 7765 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 322e power of. 2.\n-00036c10: 2020 2831 2920 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c (1) (*note pl\n-00036c20: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 ainmount-Footnot\n-00036c30: 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2044 6973 6b20 7365 e-1::). Disk se\n-00036c40: 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 6973 0a20 2020 ctor size is. \n-00036c50: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 6865 configured whe\n-00036c60: 6e20 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2065 n creating the e\n-00036c70: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2076 6f6c 756d 652e ncrypted volume.\n-00036c80: 2020 4174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a Attempting to.\n-00036c90: 2020 2020 2064 6563 7279 7074 2076 6f6c decrypt vol\n-00036ca0: 756d 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 6666 umes with a diff\n-00036cb0: 6572 656e 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a erent sector siz\n-00036cc0: 6520 7468 616e 2069 7420 7761 7320 6372 e than it was cr\n-00036cd0: 6561 7465 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 eated. with \n-00036ce0: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2072 6573 756c 7420 will not result \n-00036cf0: 696e 2061 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 in an error, but\n-00036d00: 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6372 7970 7420 746f will decrypt to\n-00036d10: 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6279 7465 730a 2020 random bytes. \n-00036d20: 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6875 7320 7072 6576 and thus prev\n-00036d30: 656e 7420 6163 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 ent accessing th\n-00036d40: 6520 766f 6c75 6d65 2028 696e 2073 6f6d e volume (in som\n-00036d50: 6520 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 e cases the file\n-00036d60: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 system. driv\n-00036d70: 6572 2063 616e 2064 6574 6563 7420 7468 er can detect th\n-00036d80: 6520 7072 6573 656e 6365 206f 6620 6120 e presence of a \n-00036d90: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6275 7420 filesystem, but \n-00036da0: 6e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 nevertheless. \n-00036db0: 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6566 7573 6520 746f will refuse to\n-00036dc0: 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7429 2e0a 0a20 2020 mount it)... \n-00036dd0: 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6577 By default new\n-00036de0: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 plainmount devi\n-00036df0: 6365 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6769 7665 ces will be give\n-00036e00: 6e20 6120 5555 4944 2073 7461 7274 696e n a UUID startin\n-00036e10: 670a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 2731 3039 g. with '109\n-00036e20: 6665 6138 342d 6136 6237 2d33 3461 382d fea84-a6b7-34a8-\n-00036e30: 3462 6431 2d31 6335 3036 3330 3561 3430 4bd1-1c506305a40\n-00036e40: 3127 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 206c 6173 1' where the las\n-00036e50: 7420 6469 6769 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6172 t digits. ar\n-00036e60: 6520 696e 6372 656d 656e 7465 6420 6279 e incremented by\n-00036e70: 206f 6e65 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 706c one for each pl\n-00036e80: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 6564 2064 6576 6963 ainmounted devic\n-00036e90: 6520 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 e beyond the. \n-00036ea0: 2020 6669 7273 7420 7570 2074 6f20 325e first up to 2^\n-00036eb0: 3130 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 10 devices... \n-00036ec0: 2020 416c 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e All encryption\n-00036ed0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6369 7068 arguments (ciph\n-00036ee0: 6572 2c20 6861 7368 2c20 6b65 7920 7369 er, hash, key si\n-00036ef0: 7a65 2c20 6469 736b 206f 6666 7365 7420 ze, disk offset \n-00036f00: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6b20 7365 and. disk se\n-00036f10: 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6529 206d 7573 7420 ctor size) must \n-00036f20: 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 match the parame\n-00036f30: 7465 7273 2075 7365 6420 746f 2063 7265 ters used to cre\n-00036f40: 6174 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 6f6c ate the. vol\n-00036f50: 756d 652e 2020 4966 2061 6e79 206f 6620 ume. If any of \n-00036f60: 7468 656d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6d61 them does not ma\n-00036f70: 7463 6820 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 2061 tch the actual a\n-00036f80: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2075 7365 640a 2020 rguments used. \n-00036f90: 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 696e during the in\n-00036fa0: 6974 6961 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e itial encryption\n-00036fb0: 2c20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2077 696c , plainmount wil\n-00036fc0: 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2076 6972 7475 616c l create virtual\n-00036fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 . device wit\n-00036fe0: 6820 7468 6520 6761 7262 6167 6520 6461 h the garbage da\n-00036ff0: 7461 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c ta and GRUB will\n-00037000: 2072 6570 6f72 7420 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e0a report unknown.\n-00037010: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 filesystem \n-00037020: 666f 7220 7375 6368 2064 6576 6963 652e for such device.\n-00037030: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00037040: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 nfo, Node: plai\n-00037050: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 nmount-Footnotes\n-00037060: 2c20 2055 703a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e , Up: plainmoun\n-00037070: 740a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e t.. (1) Curren\n-00037080: 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e t implementation\n-00037090: 206f 6620 6372 7970 7473 6574 7570 2073 of cryptsetup s\n-000370a0: 7570 706f 7274 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a35 3132 upports only.512\n-000370b0: 2f31 3032 342f 3230 3438 2f34 3039 3620 /1024/2048/4096 \n-000370c0: 6279 7465 2073 6563 746f 7273 0a0a 1f0a byte sectors....\n-000370d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000370e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 204e Node: play, N\n-000370f0: 6578 743a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 ext: probe, Pre\n-00037100: 763a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 v: plainmount, \n-00037110: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00037120: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00037130: 3537 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 57 play.--------\n-00037140: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00037150: 643a 2070 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c 2074 d: play file | t\n-00037160: 656d 706f 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 7572 empo [pitch1 dur\n-00037170: 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 3220 ation1] [pitch2 \n-00037180: 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 0a20 duration2] .... \n-00037190: 2020 2020 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 6e65 Plays a tune\n-000371a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 .. If the ar\n-000371b0: 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 gument is a file\n-000371c0: 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c name (*note Fil\n-000371d0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 e name syntax::)\n-000371e0: 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 , play the. \n-000371f0: 7475 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e tune recorded in\n-00037200: 2069 742e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2066 it. The file f\n-00037210: 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 2074 ormat is first t\n-00037220: 6865 2074 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e 0a20 he tempo as an. \n-00037230: 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 3262 unsigned 32b\n-00037240: 6974 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e it little-endian\n-00037250: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 7061 number, then pa\n-00037260: 6972 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 irs of unsigned \n-00037270: 3136 6269 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 746c 16bit. littl\n-00037280: 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 7273 e-endian numbers\n-00037290: 2066 6f72 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 2064 for pitch and d\n-000372a0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e 0a0a uration pairs...\n-000372b0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 If the argu\n-000372c0: 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 7269 ments are a seri\n-000372d0: 6573 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c 2070 es of numbers, p\n-000372e0: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 2074 lay the inline t\n-000372f0: 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 une... The t\n-00037300: 656d 706f 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 7365 empo is the base\n-00037310: 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 6475 for all note du\n-00037320: 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 6976 rations. 60 giv\n-00037330: 6573 2061 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 es a 1-second. \n-00037340: 2020 2062 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 6976 base, 120 giv\n-00037350: 6573 2061 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f 6e64 es a half-second\n-00037360: 2062 6173 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 6974 base, etc. Pit\n-00037370: 6368 6573 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 5365 ches are Hz. Se\n-00037380: 740a 2020 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 6f20 t. pitch to \n-00037390: 3020 746f 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 2072 0 to produce a r\n-000373a0: 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 est.....File: gr\n-000373b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000373c0: 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7264 probe, Next: rd\n-000373d0: 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6179 msr, Prev: play\n-000373e0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-000373f0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00037400: 2e34 2e35 3820 7072 6f62 650a 2d2d 2d2d .4.58 probe.----\n-00037410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00037420: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7072 6f62 6520 5b2d ommand: probe [-\n-00037430: 2d73 6574 2076 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 -set var]. \n-00037440: 2020 2020 2d2d 6472 6976 6572 7c2d 2d70 --driver|--p\n-00037450: 6172 746d 6170 7c2d 2d66 737c 2d2d 6673 artmap|--fs|--fs\n-00037460: 2d75 7569 647c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d -uuid|--label|--\n-00037470: 7061 7274 2d75 7569 6420 6465 7669 6365 part-uuid device\n-00037480: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2064 . Retrieve d\n-00037490: 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f evice informatio\n-000374a0: 6e2e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 n. If option ..\n-000374b0: 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 .--set... is giv\n-000374c0: 656e 2c20 6173 7369 676e 0a20 2020 2020 en, assign. \n-000374d0: 7265 7375 6c74 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6162 result to variab\n-000374e0: 6c65 2056 4152 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 le VAR, otherwis\n-000374f0: 6520 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 e print informat\n-00037500: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 ion on the scree\n-00037510: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7074 n... The opt\n-00037520: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 6172 742d 7575 ion ...--part-uu\n-00037530: 6964 e280 9920 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 id... is current\n-00037540: 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 696d 706c 656d 656e ly only implemen\n-00037550: 7465 6420 666f 7220 4d53 444f 530a 2020 ted for MSDOS. \n-00037560: 2020 2061 6e64 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 and GPT forma\n-00037570: 7474 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 tted disks.....F\n-00037580: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00037590: 204e 6f64 653a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 204e Node: rdmsr, N\n-000375a0: 6578 743a 2072 6561 642c 2020 5072 6576 ext: read, Prev\n-000375b0: 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : probe, Up: Co\n-000375c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-000375d0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3539 2072 646d nds..17.4.59 rdm\n-000375e0: 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sr.-------------\n-000375f0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 .. -- Command:: \n-00037600: 7264 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 205b 2d76 rdmsr 0xADDR [-v\n-00037610: 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 VARNAME]. R\n-00037620: 6561 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 ead a model-spec\n-00037630: 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 ific register at\n-00037640: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e address 0xADDR.\n-00037650: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 If the paramete\n-00037660: 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 r. ...-v... \n-00037670: 6973 2075 7365 6420 616e 6420 616e 2065 is used and an e\n-00037680: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00037690: 626c 6520 5641 524e 414d 4520 6973 2067 ble VARNAME is g\n-000376a0: 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 0a20 iven, set that. \n-000376b0: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n-000376c0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 variable to the \n-000376d0: 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 2072 value that was r\n-000376e0: 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 ead... Pleas\n-000376f0: 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 e note that on S\n-00037700: 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 6164 MP systems, read\n-00037710: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 2074 ing from a MSR t\n-00037720: 6861 7420 6861 7320 610a 2020 2020 2073 hat has a. s\n-00037730: 636f 7065 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 6172 cope per hardwar\n-00037740: 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c 6965 e thread, implie\n-00037750: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 s that the value\n-00037760: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 that is returne\n-00037770: 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 706c d. only appl\n-00037780: 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 ies to the parti\n-00037790: 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 cular cpu/core/t\n-000377a0: 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 hread that runs \n-000377b0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the. command\n-000377c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 ... Also, if\n-000377d0: 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 you specify a r\n-000377e0: 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 eserved or unimp\n-000377f0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 lemented MSR add\n-00037800: 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ress, it. wi\n-00037810: 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 ll cause a gener\n-00037820: 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 al protection ex\n-00037830: 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 ception (which i\n-00037840: 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a s not currently.\n-00037850: 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c being handl\n-00037860: 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 ed) and the syst\n-00037870: 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a em will reboot..\n-00037880: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00037890: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 642c fo, Node: read,\n-000378a0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 Next: reboot, \n-000378b0: 2050 7265 763a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 2055 Prev: rdmsr, U\n-000378c0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000378d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n-000378e0: 3020 7265 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0 read.---------\n-000378f0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00037900: 3a20 7265 6164 205b 2d73 5d20 5b76 6172 : read [-s] [var\n-00037910: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6c69 ]. Read a li\n-00037920: 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6672 6f6d ne of input from\n-00037930: 2074 6865 2075 7365 722e 2020 4966 2061 the user. If a\n-00037940: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n-00037950: 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 2020 2020 riable VAR. \n-00037960: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 is given, set th\n-00037970: 6174 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 at environment v\n-00037980: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c ariable to the l\n-00037990: 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6861 ine of input tha\n-000379a0: 740a 2020 2020 2077 6173 2072 6561 642c t. was read,\n-000379b0: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 with no termina\n-000379c0: 7469 6e67 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 ting newline. I\n-000379d0: 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 f the parameter \n-000379e0: e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 ...-s... is. \n-000379f0: 2075 7365 642c 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7369 used, enable si\n-00037a00: 6c65 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 7768 6572 6520 lent mode where \n-00037a10: 696e 7075 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2070 7269 input is not pri\n-00037a20: 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 nted to the. \n-00037a30: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 terminal.....Fi\n-00037a40: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00037a50: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 204e Node: reboot, N\n-00037a60: 6578 743a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5072 ext: regexp, Pr\n-00037a70: 6576 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: read, Up: C\n-00037a80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00037a90: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3120 7265 ands..17.4.61 re\n-00037aa0: 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d boot.-----------\n-00037ab0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00037ac0: 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 5265 : reboot. Re\n-00037ad0: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 boot the compute\n-00037ae0: 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 r.....File: grub\n-00037af0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 .info, Node: re\n-00037b00: 6765 7870 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6d6d gexp, Next: rmm\n-00037b10: 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 6f6f od, Prev: reboo\n-00037b20: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-00037b30: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00037b40: 372e 342e 3632 2072 6567 6578 700a 2d2d 7.4.62 regexp.--\n-00037b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00037b60: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6567 6578 - Command: regex\n-00037b70: 7020 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 6e75 6d62 6572 p [--set [number\n-00037b80: 3a5d 7661 725d 2072 6567 6578 7020 7374 :]var] regexp st\n-00037b90: 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2069 ring. Test i\n-00037ba0: 6620 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 f regular expres\n-00037bb0: 7369 6f6e 2052 4547 4558 5020 6d61 7463 sion REGEXP matc\n-00037bc0: 6865 7320 5354 5249 4e47 2e20 2053 7570 hes STRING. Sup\n-00037bd0: 706f 7274 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6775 ported. regu\n-00037be0: 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 7320 lar expressions \n-00037bf0: 6172 6520 504f 5349 582e 3220 4578 7465 are POSIX.2 Exte\n-00037c00: 6e64 6564 2052 6567 756c 6172 2045 7870 nded Regular Exp\n-00037c10: 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 660a 2020 ressions. If. \n-00037c20: 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 option ...--s\n-00037c30: 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 et... is given, \n-00037c40: 7374 6f72 6520 4e55 4d42 4552 7468 206d store NUMBERth m\n-00037c50: 6174 6368 6564 2073 7562 6578 7072 6573 atched subexpres\n-00037c60: 7369 6f6e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 sion in. var\n-00037c70: 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5375 6265 iable VAR. Sube\n-00037c80: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206e xpressions are n\n-00037c90: 756d 6265 7265 6420 696e 206f 7264 6572 umbered in order\n-00037ca0: 206f 6620 7468 6569 720a 2020 2020 206f of their. o\n-00037cb0: 7065 6e69 6e67 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 pening parenthes\n-00037cc0: 6573 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d es starting from\n-00037cd0: 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2e20 204e 554d 4245 ...1.... NUMBE\n-00037ce0: 5220 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 R defaults to ..\n-00037cf0: 9831 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 .1........File: \n-00037d00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00037d10: 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : rmmod, Next: \n-00037d20: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a save_env, Prev:\n-00037d30: 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f regexp, Up: Co\n-00037d40: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00037d50: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3633 2072 6d6d nds..17.4.63 rmm\n-00037d60: 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d od.-------------\n-00037d70: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 .. -- Command: r\n-00037d80: 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 mmod module. \n-00037d90: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 6564 Remove a loaded\n-00037da0: 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 MODULE.....File\n-00037db0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00037dc0: 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e de: save_env, N\n-00037dd0: 6578 743a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5072 ext: search, Pr\n-00037de0: 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: rmmod, Up: \n-00037df0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00037e00: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3634 2073 mands..17.4.64 s\n-00037e10: 6176 655f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ave_env.--------\n-00037e20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00037e30: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6176 655f 656e 7620 mmand: save_env \n-00037e40: 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 7661 [--file file] va\n-00037e50: 7220 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 r .... Save \n-00037e60: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7661 7269 6162 the named variab\n-00037e70: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 les from the env\n-00037e80: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ironment to the \n-00037e90: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 environment. \n-00037ea0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e block file. *N\n-00037eb0: 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ote Environment \n-00037ec0: 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 block::... T\n-00037ed0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 he ...--file... \n-00037ee0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 option overrides\n-00037ef0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 the default loc\n-00037f00: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ation of the. \n-00037f10: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c environment bl\n-00037f20: 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ock... This \n-00037f30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 206f 7065 command will ope\n-00037f40: 7261 7465 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c rate successfull\n-00037f50: 7920 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 y even when envi\n-00037f60: 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2076 6172 ronment. var\n-00037f70: 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 iable ...check_s\n-00037f80: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 ignatures... is \n-00037f90: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 set to ...enforc\n-00037fa0: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 e... (*note. \n-00037fb0: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n-00037fc0: 733a 3a29 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 2077 s::), since it w\n-00037fd0: 7269 7465 7320 746f 2064 6973 6b20 616e rites to disk an\n-00037fe0: 6420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 d does not alter\n-00037ff0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6861 7669 the. behavi\n-00038000: 6f72 206f 6620 4752 5542 2062 6173 6564 or of GRUB based\n-00038010: 206f 6e20 616e 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 on any contents\n-00038020: 206f 6620 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 6861 of disk that ha\n-00038030: 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7265 6164 2e0a 2020 ve been read.. \n-00038040: 2020 2049 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c It is possibl\n-00038050: 6520 746f 206d 6f64 6966 7920 6120 6469 e to modify a di\n-00038060: 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2065 gitally signed e\n-00038070: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-00038080: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 file. from \n-00038090: 7769 7468 696e 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e within GRUB usin\n-000380a0: 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 g this command, \n-000380b0: 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 7369 such that its si\n-000380c0: 676e 6174 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 gnature will. \n-000380d0: 2020 6e6f 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 6265 2076 no longer be v\n-000380e0: 616c 6964 206f 6e20 7375 6273 6571 7565 alid on subseque\n-000380f0: 6e74 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 2043 6172 6520 nt boots. Care \n-00038100: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7461 6b65 6e20 should be taken \n-00038110: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 6476 in. such adv\n-00038120: 616e 6365 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 anced configurat\n-00038130: 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7265 ions to avoid re\n-00038140: 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7379 7374 ndering the syst\n-00038150: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 756e 626f 6f74 6162 em. unbootab\n-00038160: 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 le. *Note Using\n-00038170: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n-00038180: 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a res::, for more.\n-00038190: 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e information\n-000381a0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000381b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 info, Node: sea\n-000381c0: 7263 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 6e64 rch, Next: send\n-000381d0: 6b65 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7361 7665 key, Prev: save\n-000381e0: 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 _env, Up: Comma\n-000381f0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00038200: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3520 7365 6172 6368 ..17.4.65 search\n-00038210: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-00038220: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 . -- Command: se\n-00038230: 6172 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d 2d6c arch [--file|--l\n-00038240: 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 5d20 abel|--fs-uuid] \n-00038250: 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 7661 725d 5d0a 2020 [--set [var]]. \n-00038260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 666c [--no-fl\n-00038270: 6f70 7079 7c2d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f oppy|--efidisk-o\n-00038280: 6e6c 795d 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2053 nly] name. S\n-00038290: 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 earch devices by\n-000382a0: 2066 696c 6520 28e2 8098 2d66 e280 992c file (...-f...,\n-000382b0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9929 2c20 ...--file...), \n-000382c0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 656c filesystem label\n-000382d0: 2028 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 (...-l...,. \n-000382e0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 292c ...--label...),\n-000382f0: 206f 7220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 or filesystem U\n-00038300: 5549 4420 28e2 8098 2d75 e280 992c 20e2 UID (...-u..., .\n-00038310: 8098 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 292e ..--fs-uuid...).\n-00038320: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 28e2 .. If the (.\n-00038330: 8098 2d73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 ..-s..., ...--se\n-00038340: 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 t...) option is \n-00038350: 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 used, the first \n-00038360: 6465 7669 6365 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 730a device found is.\n-00038370: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2061 7320 7468 6520 set as the \n-00038380: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e value of environ\n-00038390: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 ment variable VA\n-000383a0: 522e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 R. The default \n-000383b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 variable. is\n-000383c0: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 ...root...... \n-000383d0: 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 The (...-n...\n-000383e0: 2c20 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 , ...--no-floppy\n-000383f0: e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 ...) option prev\n-00038400: 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2066 ents searching f\n-00038410: 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 7669 6365 732c 0a20 loppy devices,. \n-00038420: 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 which can be\n-00038430: 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 slow... The\n-00038440: 2028 e280 982d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f (...--efidisk-o\n-00038450: 6e6c 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 nly...) option p\n-00038460: 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7365 6172 6368 696e revents searchin\n-00038470: 6720 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6465 7669 g any other devi\n-00038480: 6365 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 4546 ces. then EF\n-00038490: 4920 6469 736b 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 I disks. This i\n-000384a0: 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 s typically used\n-000384b0: 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 when chainloadi\n-000384c0: 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 ng to local. \n-000384d0: 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a EFI partition..\n-000384e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6561 . The ...sea\n-000384f0: 7263 682e 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 rch.file..., ...\n-00038500: 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f 6c61 6265 6ce2 search.fs_label.\n-00038510: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 .., and ...searc\n-00038520: 682e 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d h.fs_uuid... com\n-00038530: 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2061 mands. are a\n-00038540: 6c69 6173 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 liases for ...se\n-00038550: 6172 6368 202d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 arch --file..., \n-00038560: e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 6c61 6265 ...search --labe\n-00038570: 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 l..., and ...sea\n-00038580: 7263 680a 2020 2020 202d 2d66 732d 7575 rch. --fs-uu\n-00038590: 6964 e280 9920 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 id... respective\n-000385a0: 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2068 ly... Also h\n-000385b0: 696e 7473 2061 7320 746f 2077 6869 6368 ints as to which\n-000385c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2074 device may be t\n-000385d0: 6865 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 he most likely t\n-000385e0: 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 7468 650a 2020 o contain the. \n-000385f0: 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7365 6172 6368 6564 item searched\n-00038600: 2066 6f72 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 for may be give\n-00038610: 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d68 n via the (...-h\n-00038620: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 e280 ..., ...--hint..\n-00038630: 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 7468 0a20 .) option with. \n-00038640: 2020 2020 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d a device nam\n-00038650: 6520 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 e as an argument\n-00038660: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 . If the argume\n-00038670: 6e74 2065 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 2063 nt ends with a c\n-00038680: 6f6d 6d61 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 omma,. then \n-00038690: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 7468 partitions on th\n-000386a0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 7265 2061 6c73 e device are als\n-000386b0: 6f20 7365 6172 6368 6564 2e20 2046 7572 o searched. Fur\n-000386c0: 7468 6572 6d6f 7265 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 thermore,. p\n-000386d0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform specific\n-000386e0: 2068 696e 7473 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 hints may be gi\n-000386f0: 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 6f70 7469 ven via the opti\n-00038700: 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 ons. ...--hi\n-00038710: 6e74 2d69 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 nt-ieee1275..., \n-00038720: e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6269 6f73 e280 ...--hint-bios..\n-00038730: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 6172 ., ...--hint-bar\n-00038740: 656d 6574 616c e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d emetal..., ...--\n-00038750: 6869 6e74 2d65 6669 e280 992c 0a20 2020 hint-efi...,. \n-00038760: 2020 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d and ...--hint-\n-00038770: 6172 63e2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7370 arc.... When sp\n-00038780: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 7365 206f ecified, these o\n-00038790: 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e 2061 ptions take an a\n-000387a0: 7267 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 rgument. and\n-000387b0: 206f 7065 7261 7465 206c 696b 6520 e280 operate like ..\n-000387c0: 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 .--hint..., but \n-000387d0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 only on the spec\n-000387e0: 6966 6965 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a ified platform..\n-000387f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00038800: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b fo, Node: sendk\n-00038810: 6579 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6574 2c20 ey, Next: set, \n-00038820: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 Prev: search, \n-00038830: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00038840: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00038850: 3636 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 66 sendkey.-----\n-00038860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00038870: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 656e 646b 6579 Command: sendkey\n-00038880: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6e75 . [--nu\n-00038890: 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c m|--caps|--scrol\n-000388a0: 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 7c2d 2d70 6175 l|--insert|--pau\n-000388b0: 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 6966 747c se|--left-shift|\n-000388c0: 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d --right-shift|--\n-000388d0: 7379 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 7c2d sysrq|--numkey|-\n-000388e0: 2d63 6170 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c -capskey|--scrol\n-000388f0: 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 lkey|--insertkey\n-00038900: 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 7269 |--left-alt|--ri\n-00038910: 6768 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d63 ght-alt|--left-c\n-00038920: 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 6374 726c trl|--right-ctrl\n-00038930: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6e7c 6f66 . on|of\n-00038940: 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 645d 206b f]... [no-led] k\n-00038950: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 496e eystroke. In\n-00038960: 7365 7274 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 sert keystrokes \n-00038970: 696e 746f 2074 6865 206b 6579 626f 6172 into the keyboar\n-00038980: 6420 6275 6666 6572 2077 6865 6e20 626f d buffer when bo\n-00038990: 6f74 696e 672e 2020 536f 6d65 7469 6d65 oting. Sometime\n-000389a0: 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 s. an operat\n-000389b0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 6368 ing system or ch\n-000389c0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 626f 6f74 206c ainloaded boot l\n-000389d0: 6f61 6465 7220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2070 oader requires p\n-000389e0: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 206b articular. k\n-000389f0: 6579 7320 746f 2062 6520 7072 6573 7365 eys to be presse\n-00038a00: 643a 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 d: for example, \n-00038a10: 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 6e65 6564 2074 one might need t\n-00038a20: 6f20 7072 6573 7320 610a 2020 2020 2070 o press a. p\n-00038a30: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6b65 7920 746f articular key to\n-00038a40: 2065 6e74 6572 2022 7361 6665 206d 6f64 enter \"safe mod\n-00038a50: 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 e\", or when chai\n-00038a60: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 nloading another\n-00038a70: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 . boot loade\n-00038a80: 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 7365 6e64 r one might send\n-00038a90: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 746f 2069 keystrokes to i\n-00038aa0: 7420 746f 206e 6176 6967 6174 6520 6974 t to navigate it\n-00038ab0: 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f s menu... No\n-00038ac0: 7465 3a20 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 te: This command\n-00038ad0: 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e is currently on\n-00038ae0: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n-00038af0: 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 630a 2020 2020 the i386-pc. \n-00038b00: 2074 6172 6765 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 target... Y\n-00038b10: 6f75 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 2075 ou may provide u\n-00038b20: 7020 746f 2031 3620 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b p to 16 keystrok\n-00038b30: 6573 2028 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f es (the length o\n-00038b40: 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 f the BIOS. \n-00038b50: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 7229 keyboard buffer)\n-00038b60: 2e20 204b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 206e 616d . Keystroke nam\n-00038b70: 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 7570 7065 722d es may be upper-\n-00038b80: 6361 7365 206f 7220 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 case or lower-ca\n-00038b90: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7474 6572 732c se. letters,\n-00038ba0: 2064 6967 6974 732c 206f 7220 7461 6b65 digits, or take\n-00038bb0: 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f n from the follo\n-00038bc0: 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 wing table:.. \n-00038bd0: 2020 4e61 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Name \n-00038be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038bf0: 4b65 790a 2020 2020 202d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Key. -------\n+00036080: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00036090: 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b nd: password_pbk\n+000360a0: 6466 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 6865 642d df2 user hashed-\n+000360b0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 password. De\n+000360c0: 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 fine a user name\n+000360d0: 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 d USER with pass\n+000360e0: 776f 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 5348 4544 word hash HASHED\n+000360f0: 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 5573 650a -PASSWORD. Use.\n+00036100: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 ...grub-mkp\n+00036110: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 asswd-pbkdf2... \n+00036120: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n+00036130: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+00036140: 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 kdf2::) to. \n+00036150: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 generate passwor\n+00036160: 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 d hashes. *Note\n+00036170: 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a Security::.....\n+00036180: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00036190: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 Node: plainmou\n+000361a0: 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 792c nt, Next: play,\n+000361b0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 Prev: password\n+000361c0: 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 3a20 436f _pbkdf2, Up: Co\n+000361d0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+000361e0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3536 2070 6c61 nds..17.4.56 pla\n+000361f0: 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d inmount.--------\n+00036200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00036210: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f Command: plainmo\n+00036220: 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 202d 6320 6369 unt device -c ci\n+00036230: 7068 6572 202d 7320 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 pher -s key size\n+00036240: 205b 2d68 2068 6173 685d 0a20 2020 2020 [-h hash]. \n+00036250: 5be2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7365 6374 6f72 [...-S... sector\n+00036260: 2073 697a 655d 205b e280 982d 70e2 8099 size] [...-p...\n+00036270: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d 205b e280 982d password] [...-\n+00036280: 75e2 8099 2075 7569 645d 205b 5be2 8098 u... uuid] [[...\n+00036290: 2d64 e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c 655d 0a20 -d... keyfile]. \n+000362a0: 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6b65 [...-O... ke\n+000362b0: 7966 696c 6520 6f66 6673 6574 5d5d 0a0a yfile offset]]..\n+000362c0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 Setup acces\n+000362d0: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 7074 s to the encrypt\n+000362e0: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 2070 6c61 ed device in pla\n+000362f0: 696e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f66 6673 6574 in mode. Offset\n+00036300: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 of the. enc\n+00036310: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6174 6120 6174 2074 rypted data at t\n+00036320: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 2073 7065 he device is spe\n+00036330: 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7465 726d 7320 cified in terms \n+00036340: 6f66 2035 3132 2062 7974 650a 2020 2020 of 512 byte. \n+00036350: 2073 6563 746f 7273 2075 7369 6e67 2074 sectors using t\n+00036360: 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e he blocklist syn\n+00036370: 7461 7820 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b tax and loopback\n+00036380: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 device. The. \n+00036390: 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 following exa\n+000363a0: 6d70 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2068 6f77 2074 mple shows how t\n+000363b0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 314d 6942 206f o specify 1MiB o\n+000363c0: 6666 7365 743a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ffset:.. \n+000363d0: 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206e 6f64 6520 loopback node \n+000363e0: 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 3230 3438 2b0a (hd0,gpt1)2048+.\n+000363f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d plainm\n+00036400: 6f75 6e74 206e 6f64 6520 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 ount node ..... \n+00036410: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 6c61 696e The ...plain\n+00036420: 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 mount... command\n+00036430: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n+00036440: 6f70 656e 204c 554b 5320 656e 6372 7970 open LUKS encryp\n+00036450: 7465 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 ted volume. \n+00036460: 6966 2069 7473 206d 6173 7465 7220 6b65 if its master ke\n+00036470: 7920 616e 6420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 y and parameters\n+00036480: 2028 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6369 7068 (key size, ciph\n+00036490: 6572 2c20 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 6574 6329 er, offset, etc)\n+000364a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6b6e 6f77 6e2e . are known.\n+000364b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 .. There are\n+000364c0: 2074 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 two ways to spe\n+000364d0: 6369 6679 2061 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a cify a password:\n+000364e0: 2061 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 a keyfile and a\n+000364f0: 2073 6563 7265 740a 2020 2020 2070 6173 secret. pas\n+00036500: 7370 6872 6173 652e 2020 5468 6520 6b65 sphrase. The ke\n+00036510: 7966 696c 6520 7061 7468 2070 6172 616d yfile path param\n+00036520: 6574 6572 2068 6173 2068 6967 6865 7220 eter has higher \n+00036530: 7072 696f 7269 7479 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 priority than. \n+00036540: 2020 2074 6865 2073 6563 7265 7420 7061 the secret pa\n+00036550: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2070 6172 616d 6574 ssphrase paramet\n+00036560: 6572 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 er and is specif\n+00036570: 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 ied with the opt\n+00036580: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 ion. ...-d..\n+00036590: 992e 2020 5061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 .. Password dat\n+000365a0: 6120 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2066 726f 6d20 a obtained from \n+000365b0: 6b65 7966 696c 6573 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 keyfiles is not \n+000365c0: 6861 7368 6564 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 hashed and is. \n+000365d0: 2020 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 used directly\n+000365e0: 2061 7320 6120 6369 7068 6572 206b 6579 as a cipher key\n+000365f0: 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 206f . An optional o\n+00036600: 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ffset of passwor\n+00036610: 6420 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 d data. in t\n+00036620: 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 he keyfile can b\n+00036630: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 e specified with\n+00036640: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d the option ...-\n+00036650: 4fe2 8099 206f 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 O... or directly\n+00036660: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f . with the o\n+00036670: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 64e2 8099 2061 ption ...-d... a\n+00036680: 6e64 2047 5255 4220 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 nd GRUB blocklis\n+00036690: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 6966 2074 6865 t syntax, if the\n+000366a0: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2064 6174 610a 2020 keyfile data. \n+000366b0: 2020 2063 616e 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 can be access\n+000366c0: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6465 7669 6365 ed from a device\n+000366d0: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 and is 512 byte\n+000366e0: 2061 6c69 676e 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 aligned. The. \n+000366f0: 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 following ex\n+00036700: 616d 706c 6520 7368 6f77 7320 626f 7468 ample shows both\n+00036710: 206d 6574 686f 6473 2074 6f20 7370 6563 methods to spec\n+00036720: 6966 7920 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 ify password dat\n+00036730: 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 a in. the ke\n+00036740: 7966 696c 6520 6174 206f 6666 7365 7420 yfile at offset \n+00036750: 314d 6942 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 1MiB:.. \n+00036760: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 plainmount -d (\n+00036770: 6864 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 382b 202e hd0,gpt1)2048+ .\n+00036780: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 ... pla\n+00036790: 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 302c inmount -d (hd0,\n+000367a0: 6770 7431 292b 202d 4f20 3130 3438 3537 gpt1)+ -O 104857\n+000367b0: 3620 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206e 6 ..... If n\n+000367c0: 6f20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 2073 7065 o keyfile is spe\n+000367d0: 6369 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 cified then the \n+000367e0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7365 7420 password is set \n+000367f0: 746f 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 to the string. \n+00036800: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2062 7920 specified by \n+00036810: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 option ...-p... \n+00036820: 6f72 2069 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 or is requested \n+00036830: 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c 7920 6672 interactively fr\n+00036840: 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 om the. cons\n+00036850: 6f6c 652e 2020 496e 2062 6f74 6820 6361 ole. In both ca\n+00036860: 7365 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 ses the provided\n+00036870: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2068 6173 password is has\n+00036880: 6865 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 hed with the. \n+00036890: 2020 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7370 6563 algorithm spec\n+000368a0: 6966 6965 6420 6279 2074 6865 206f 7074 ified by the opt\n+000368b0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 68e2 8099 2e20 2054 ion ...-h.... T\n+000368c0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6d61 his option is ma\n+000368d0: 6e64 6174 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 ndatory. if \n+000368e0: 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7370 no keyfile is sp\n+000368f0: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2062 7574 2069 7420 ecified, but it \n+00036900: 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 can be set to ..\n+00036910: 9870 6c61 696e e280 9920 7768 6963 680a .plain... which.\n+00036920: 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 means that \n+00036930: 6e6f 2068 6173 6869 6e67 2069 7320 646f no hashing is do\n+00036940: 6e65 2061 6e64 2073 7563 6820 7061 7373 ne and such pass\n+00036950: 776f 7264 2069 7320 7573 6564 2064 6972 word is used dir\n+00036960: 6563 746c 7920 6173 0a20 2020 2020 6120 ectly as. a \n+00036970: 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6970 6865 key... Ciphe\n+00036980: 7220 e280 982d 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 206b r ...-c... and k\n+00036990: 6579 7369 7a65 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 eysize ...-s... \n+000369a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 7920 options specify \n+000369b0: 7468 6520 6369 7068 6572 2061 6c67 6f72 the cipher algor\n+000369c0: 6974 686d 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 ithm. and th\n+000369d0: 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2072 6573 7065 e key size respe\n+000369e0: 6374 6976 656c 7920 616e 6420 6172 6520 ctively and are \n+000369f0: 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e mandatory option\n+00036a00: 732e 2020 4369 7068 6572 0a20 2020 2020 s. Cipher. \n+00036a10: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 must be specifie\n+00036a20: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 d with the mode \n+00036a30: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2064 separated by a d\n+00036a40: 6173 6820 2866 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ash (for example\n+00036a50: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6165 732d 7874 ,. ...aes-xt\n+00036a60: 732d 706c 6169 6e36 34e2 8099 292e 2020 s-plain64...). \n+00036a70: 4b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 7074 696f 6e20 Key size option \n+00036a80: e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7468 6520 ...-s... is the \n+00036a90: 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 7468 650a key size of the.\n+00036aa0: 2020 2020 2063 6970 6865 7220 696e 2062 cipher in b\n+00036ab0: 6974 732c 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 6265 2063 its, not to be c\n+00036ac0: 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 onfused with the\n+00036ad0: 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206b offset of the k\n+00036ae0: 6579 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 ey data. in \n+00036af0: 6120 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7370 6563 6966 a keyfile specif\n+00036b00: 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ied with the ...\n+00036b10: 2d4f e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 -O... option. I\n+00036b20: 7420 6d75 7374 206e 6f74 2065 7863 6565 t must not excee\n+00036b30: 640a 2020 2020 2031 3032 3420 6269 7473 d. 1024 bits\n+00036b40: 2c20 736f 2061 2033 3220 6279 7465 206b , so a 32 byte k\n+00036b50: 6579 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7370 6563 ey would be spec\n+00036b60: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2032 3536 2062 6974 ified as 256 bit\n+00036b70: 730a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 s.. The opti\n+00036b80: 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 20e2 onal parameter .\n+00036b90: 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 ..-S... specifie\n+00036ba0: 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 s encrypted devi\n+00036bb0: 6365 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2e0a ce sector size..\n+00036bc0: 2020 2020 2049 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 It must be \n+00036bd0: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2035 3132 2062 7974 at least 512 byt\n+00036be0: 6573 206c 6f6e 6720 2864 6566 6175 6c74 es long (default\n+00036bf0: 2076 616c 7565 2920 616e 6420 6120 706f value) and a po\n+00036c00: 7765 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 322e 2020 wer of. 2. \n+00036c10: 2831 2920 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c 6169 (1) (*note plai\n+00036c20: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d nmount-Footnote-\n+00036c30: 313a 3a29 2e20 2044 6973 6b20 7365 6374 1::). Disk sect\n+00036c40: 6f72 2073 697a 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 or size is. \n+00036c50: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 6865 6e20 configured when \n+00036c60: 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e63 creating the enc\n+00036c70: 7279 7074 6564 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 rypted volume. \n+00036c80: 4174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 Attempting to. \n+00036c90: 2020 2064 6563 7279 7074 2076 6f6c 756d decrypt volum\n+00036ca0: 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 6666 6572 es with a differ\n+00036cb0: 656e 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 ent sector size \n+00036cc0: 7468 616e 2069 7420 7761 7320 6372 6561 than it was crea\n+00036cd0: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7769 ted. with wi\n+00036ce0: 6c6c 206e 6f74 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e ll not result in\n+00036cf0: 2061 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 2077 an error, but w\n+00036d00: 696c 6c20 6465 6372 7970 7420 746f 2072 ill decrypt to r\n+00036d10: 616e 646f 6d20 6279 7465 730a 2020 2020 andom bytes. \n+00036d20: 2061 6e64 2074 6875 7320 7072 6576 656e and thus preven\n+00036d30: 7420 6163 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 t accessing the \n+00036d40: 766f 6c75 6d65 2028 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 volume (in some \n+00036d50: 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 cases the filesy\n+00036d60: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 6572 stem. driver\n+00036d70: 2063 616e 2064 6574 6563 7420 7468 6520 can detect the \n+00036d80: 7072 6573 656e 6365 206f 6620 6120 6669 presence of a fi\n+00036d90: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6275 7420 6e65 lesystem, but ne\n+00036da0: 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 2020 vertheless. \n+00036db0: 7769 6c6c 2072 6566 7573 6520 746f 206d will refuse to m\n+00036dc0: 6f75 6e74 2069 7429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ount it)... \n+00036dd0: 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6577 2070 By default new p\n+00036de0: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 lainmount device\n+00036df0: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 s will be given \n+00036e00: 6120 5555 4944 2073 7461 7274 696e 670a a UUID starting.\n+00036e10: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 2731 3039 6665 with '109fe\n+00036e20: 6138 342d 6136 6237 2d33 3461 382d 3462 a84-a6b7-34a8-4b\n+00036e30: 6431 2d31 6335 3036 3330 3561 3430 3127 d1-1c506305a401'\n+00036e40: 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 where the last \n+00036e50: 6469 6769 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 digits. are \n+00036e60: 696e 6372 656d 656e 7465 6420 6279 206f incremented by o\n+00036e70: 6e65 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 706c 6169 ne for each plai\n+00036e80: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 nmounted device \n+00036e90: 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 beyond the. \n+00036ea0: 6669 7273 7420 7570 2074 6f20 325e 3130 first up to 2^10\n+00036eb0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 devices... \n+00036ec0: 416c 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2061 All encryption a\n+00036ed0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6369 7068 6572 rguments (cipher\n+00036ee0: 2c20 6861 7368 2c20 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 , hash, key size\n+00036ef0: 2c20 6469 736b 206f 6666 7365 7420 616e , disk offset an\n+00036f00: 640a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6b20 7365 6374 d. disk sect\n+00036f10: 6f72 2073 697a 6529 206d 7573 7420 6d61 or size) must ma\n+00036f20: 7463 6820 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 tch the paramete\n+00036f30: 7273 2075 7365 6420 746f 2063 7265 6174 rs used to creat\n+00036f40: 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 6f6c 756d e the. volum\n+00036f50: 652e 2020 4966 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 e. If any of th\n+00036f60: 656d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6d61 7463 em does not matc\n+00036f70: 6820 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 2061 7267 h the actual arg\n+00036f80: 756d 656e 7473 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 uments used. \n+00036f90: 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 696e 6974 during the init\n+00036fa0: 6961 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2c20 ial encryption, \n+00036fb0: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 plainmount will \n+00036fc0: 6372 6561 7465 2076 6972 7475 616c 0a20 create virtual. \n+00036fd0: 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 6820 device with \n+00036fe0: 7468 6520 6761 7262 6167 6520 6461 7461 the garbage data\n+00036ff0: 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2072 and GRUB will r\n+00037000: 6570 6f72 7420 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e0a 2020 eport unknown. \n+00037010: 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 666f filesystem fo\n+00037020: 7220 7375 6368 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a r such device...\n+00037030: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00037040: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d o, Node: plainm\n+00037050: 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 ount-Footnotes, \n+00037060: 2055 703a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a Up: plainmount.\n+00037070: 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 7420 . (1) Current \n+00037080: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f implementation o\n+00037090: 6620 6372 7970 7473 6574 7570 2073 7570 f cryptsetup sup\n+000370a0: 706f 7274 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a35 3132 2f31 ports only.512/1\n+000370b0: 3032 342f 3230 3438 2f34 3039 3620 6279 024/2048/4096 by\n+000370c0: 7465 2073 6563 746f 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 te sectors....Fi\n+000370d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000370e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 204e 6578 Node: play, Nex\n+000370f0: 743a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: probe, Prev:\n+00037100: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 plainmount, Up\n+00037110: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00037120: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3537 ommands..17.4.57\n+00037130: 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d play.----------\n+00037140: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00037150: 2070 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c 2074 656d play file | tem\n+00037160: 706f 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 7572 6174 po [pitch1 durat\n+00037170: 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 3220 6475 ion1] [pitch2 du\n+00037180: 7261 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 ration2] .... \n+00037190: 2020 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 6e65 0a0a Plays a tune..\n+000371a0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 If the argu\n+000371b0: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 206e ment is a file n\n+000371c0: 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 ame (*note File \n+000371d0: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 name syntax::), \n+000371e0: 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7475 play the. tu\n+000371f0: 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e 2069 ne recorded in i\n+00037200: 742e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 t. The file for\n+00037210: 6d61 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 2074 6865 mat is first the\n+00037220: 2074 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e 0a20 2020 tempo as an. \n+00037230: 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 3262 6974 unsigned 32bit\n+00037240: 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e little-endian n\n+00037250: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 7061 6972 umber, then pair\n+00037260: 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 3136 s of unsigned 16\n+00037270: 6269 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 746c 652d bit. little-\n+00037280: 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2066 endian numbers f\n+00037290: 6f72 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 2064 7572 or pitch and dur\n+000372a0: 6174 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e 0a0a 2020 ation pairs... \n+000372b0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 If the argume\n+000372c0: 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 7269 6573 nts are a series\n+000372d0: 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c 2070 6c61 of numbers, pla\n+000372e0: 7920 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 2074 756e y the inline tun\n+000372f0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 656d e... The tem\n+00037300: 706f 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 7365 2066 po is the base f\n+00037310: 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 6475 7261 or all note dura\n+00037320: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 6976 6573 tions. 60 gives\n+00037330: 2061 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 a 1-second. \n+00037340: 2062 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 6976 6573 base, 120 gives\n+00037350: 2061 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f 6e64 2062 a half-second b\n+00037360: 6173 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 6974 6368 ase, etc. Pitch\n+00037370: 6573 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 5365 740a es are Hz. Set.\n+00037380: 2020 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 6f20 3020 pitch to 0 \n+00037390: 746f 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 2072 6573 to produce a res\n+000373a0: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n+000373b0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 .info, Node: pr\n+000373c0: 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7264 6d73 obe, Next: rdms\n+000373d0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 r, Prev: play, \n+000373e0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000373f0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00037400: 2e35 3820 7072 6f62 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .58 probe.------\n+00037410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00037420: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7072 6f62 6520 5b2d 2d73 mand: probe [--s\n+00037430: 6574 2076 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 et var]. \n+00037440: 2020 2d2d 6472 6976 6572 7c2d 2d70 6172 --driver|--par\n+00037450: 746d 6170 7c2d 2d66 737c 2d2d 6673 2d75 tmap|--fs|--fs-u\n+00037460: 7569 647c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d 7061 uid|--label|--pa\n+00037470: 7274 2d75 7569 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 rt-uuid device. \n+00037480: 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2064 6576 Retrieve dev\n+00037490: 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ice information.\n+000374a0: 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d If option ...-\n+000374b0: 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e -set... is given\n+000374c0: 2c20 6173 7369 676e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 , assign. re\n+000374d0: 7375 6c74 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 sult to variable\n+000374e0: 2056 4152 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 VAR, otherwise \n+000374f0: 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f print informatio\n+00037500: 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e n on the screen.\n+00037510: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7074 696f .. The optio\n+00037520: 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 6172 742d 7575 6964 n ...--part-uuid\n+00037530: e280 9920 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 ... is currently\n+00037540: 206f 6e6c 7920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 only implemente\n+00037550: 6420 666f 7220 4d53 444f 530a 2020 2020 d for MSDOS. \n+00037560: 2061 6e64 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 and GPT formatt\n+00037570: 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ed disks.....Fil\n+00037580: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00037590: 6f64 653a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 204e 6578 ode: rdmsr, Nex\n+000375a0: 743a 2072 6561 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: read, Prev: \n+000375b0: 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d probe, Up: Comm\n+000375c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+000375d0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3539 2072 646d 7372 s..17.4.59 rdmsr\n+000375e0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n+000375f0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7264 -- Command:: rd\n+00037600: 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 205b 2d76 2056 msr 0xADDR [-v V\n+00037610: 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 ARNAME]. Rea\n+00037620: 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 d a model-specif\n+00037630: 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 ic register at a\n+00037640: 6464 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e 2049 ddress 0xADDR. I\n+00037650: 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 720a f the parameter.\n+00037660: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 6973 ...-v... is\n+00037670: 2075 7365 6420 616e 6420 616e 2065 6e76 used and an env\n+00037680: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00037690: 6520 5641 524e 414d 4520 6973 2067 6976 e VARNAME is giv\n+000376a0: 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 en, set that. \n+000376b0: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 environment va\n+000376c0: 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 riable to the va\n+000376d0: 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 2072 6561 lue that was rea\n+000376e0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 d... Please \n+000376f0: 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 note that on SMP\n+00037700: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 6164 696e systems, readin\n+00037710: 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 2074 6861 g from a MSR tha\n+00037720: 7420 6861 7320 610a 2020 2020 2073 636f t has a. sco\n+00037730: 7065 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 pe per hardware \n+00037740: 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c 6965 7320 thread, implies \n+00037750: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 that the value t\n+00037760: 6861 7420 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 640a hat is returned.\n+00037770: 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 706c 6965 only applie\n+00037780: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 s to the particu\n+00037790: 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 lar cpu/core/thr\n+000377a0: 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 ead that runs th\n+000377b0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a e. command..\n+000377c0: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 . Also, if y\n+000377d0: 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 ou specify a res\n+000377e0: 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 erved or unimple\n+000377f0: 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 mented MSR addre\n+00037800: 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c ss, it. will\n+00037810: 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c cause a general\n+00037820: 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 protection exce\n+00037830: 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 ption (which is \n+00037840: 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 not currently. \n+00037850: 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 being handled\n+00037860: 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d ) and the system\n+00037870: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f will reboot....\n+00037880: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00037890: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 642c 2020 , Node: read, \n+000378a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 Next: reboot, P\n+000378b0: 7265 763a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 2055 703a rev: rdmsr, Up:\n+000378c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+000378d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3020 mmands..17.4.60 \n+000378e0: 7265 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d read.-----------\n+000378f0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00037900: 7265 6164 205b 2d73 5d20 5b76 6172 5d0a read [-s] [var].\n+00037910: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6c69 6e65 Read a line\n+00037920: 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 of input from t\n+00037930: 6865 2075 7365 722e 2020 4966 2061 6e20 he user. If an \n+00037940: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00037950: 6162 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 2020 2020 6973 able VAR. is\n+00037960: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 given, set that\n+00037970: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00037980: 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 696e iable to the lin\n+00037990: 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6861 740a e of input that.\n+000379a0: 2020 2020 2077 6173 2072 6561 642c 2077 was read, w\n+000379b0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 ith no terminati\n+000379c0: 6e67 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 ng newline. If \n+000379d0: 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 e280 the parameter ..\n+000379e0: 982d 73e2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 .-s... is. u\n+000379f0: 7365 642c 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6c65 sed, enable sile\n+00037a00: 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 7768 6572 6520 696e nt mode where in\n+00037a10: 7075 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2070 7269 6e74 put is not print\n+00037a20: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 ed to the. t\n+00037a30: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 erminal.....File\n+00037a40: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00037a50: 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 de: reboot, Nex\n+00037a60: 743a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5072 6576 t: regexp, Prev\n+00037a70: 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : read, Up: Com\n+00037a80: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00037a90: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3120 7265 626f ds..17.4.61 rebo\n+00037aa0: 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ot.-------------\n+00037ab0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00037ac0: 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f reboot. Rebo\n+00037ad0: 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e ot the computer.\n+00037ae0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00037af0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 nfo, Node: rege\n+00037b00: 7870 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6d6d 6f64 xp, Next: rmmod\n+00037b10: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c , Prev: reboot,\n+00037b20: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00037b30: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00037b40: 342e 3632 2072 6567 6578 700a 2d2d 2d2d 4.62 regexp.----\n+00037b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00037b60: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6567 6578 7020 Command: regexp \n+00037b70: 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 6e75 6d62 6572 3a5d [--set [number:]\n+00037b80: 7661 725d 2072 6567 6578 7020 7374 7269 var] regexp stri\n+00037b90: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2069 6620 ng. Test if \n+00037ba0: 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 regular expressi\n+00037bb0: 6f6e 2052 4547 4558 5020 6d61 7463 6865 on REGEXP matche\n+00037bc0: 7320 5354 5249 4e47 2e20 2053 7570 706f s STRING. Suppo\n+00037bd0: 7274 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6775 6c61 rted. regula\n+00037be0: 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 r expressions ar\n+00037bf0: 6520 504f 5349 582e 3220 4578 7465 6e64 e POSIX.2 Extend\n+00037c00: 6564 2052 6567 756c 6172 2045 7870 7265 ed Regular Expre\n+00037c10: 7373 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 ssions. If. \n+00037c20: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 option ...--set\n+00037c30: e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7374 ... is given, st\n+00037c40: 6f72 6520 4e55 4d42 4552 7468 206d 6174 ore NUMBERth mat\n+00037c50: 6368 6564 2073 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 ched subexpressi\n+00037c60: 6f6e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 on in. varia\n+00037c70: 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5375 6265 7870 ble VAR. Subexp\n+00037c80: 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206e 756d ressions are num\n+00037c90: 6265 7265 6420 696e 206f 7264 6572 206f bered in order o\n+00037ca0: 6620 7468 6569 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 f their. ope\n+00037cb0: 6e69 6e67 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 ning parentheses\n+00037cc0: 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 20e2 starting from .\n+00037cd0: 8098 31e2 8099 2e20 204e 554d 4245 5220 ..1.... NUMBER \n+00037ce0: 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 9831 defaults to ...1\n+00037cf0: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n+00037d00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00037d10: 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7361 rmmod, Next: sa\n+00037d20: 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 ve_env, Prev: r\n+00037d30: 6567 6578 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d egexp, Up: Comm\n+00037d40: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00037d50: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3633 2072 6d6d 6f64 s..17.4.63 rmmod\n+00037d60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n+00037d70: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6d6d -- Command: rmm\n+00037d80: 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 2052 od module. R\n+00037d90: 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 6564 204d emove a loaded M\n+00037da0: 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ODULE.....File: \n+00037db0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00037dc0: 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 : save_env, Nex\n+00037dd0: 743a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5072 6576 t: search, Prev\n+00037de0: 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : rmmod, Up: Co\n+00037df0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00037e00: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3634 2073 6176 nds..17.4.64 sav\n+00037e10: 655f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e_env.----------\n+00037e20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00037e30: 616e 643a 2073 6176 655f 656e 7620 5b2d and: save_env [-\n+00037e40: 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 7661 7220 -file file] var \n+00037e50: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 7468 .... Save th\n+00037e60: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 e named variable\n+00037e70: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 s from the envir\n+00037e80: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 656e onment to the en\n+00037e90: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2062 vironment. b\n+00037ea0: 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 lock file. *Not\n+00037eb0: 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c e Environment bl\n+00037ec0: 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ock::... The\n+00037ed0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 ...--file... op\n+00037ee0: 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 tion overrides t\n+00037ef0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 he default locat\n+00037f00: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ion of the. \n+00037f10: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n+00037f20: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f k... This co\n+00037f30: 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 206f 7065 7261 mmand will opera\n+00037f40: 7465 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 te successfully \n+00037f50: 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f even when enviro\n+00037f60: 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 nment. varia\n+00037f70: 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 ble ...check_sig\n+00037f80: 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 natures... is se\n+00037f90: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 t to ...enforce.\n+00037fa0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 .. (*note. c\n+00037fb0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a heck_signatures:\n+00037fc0: 3a29 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 2077 7269 :), since it wri\n+00037fd0: 7465 7320 746f 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 tes to disk and \n+00037fe0: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 does not alter t\n+00037ff0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6861 7669 6f72 he. behavior\n+00038000: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2062 6173 6564 206f of GRUB based o\n+00038010: 6e20 616e 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f n any contents o\n+00038020: 6620 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 f disk that have\n+00038030: 2062 6565 6e20 7265 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 been read.. \n+00038040: 2049 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 It is possible \n+00038050: 746f 206d 6f64 6966 7920 6120 6469 6769 to modify a digi\n+00038060: 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2065 6e76 tally signed env\n+00038070: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 ironment block f\n+00038080: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 7769 ile. from wi\n+00038090: 7468 696e 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 thin GRUB using \n+000380a0: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 7375 this command, su\n+000380b0: 6368 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 7369 676e ch that its sign\n+000380c0: 6174 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 ature will. \n+000380d0: 6e6f 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 6265 2076 616c no longer be val\n+000380e0: 6964 206f 6e20 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 id on subsequent\n+000380f0: 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 2043 6172 6520 7368 boots. Care sh\n+00038100: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7461 6b65 6e20 696e ould be taken in\n+00038110: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 6476 616e . such advan\n+00038120: 6365 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ced configuratio\n+00038130: 6e73 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7265 6e64 ns to avoid rend\n+00038140: 6572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d ering the system\n+00038150: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 . unbootable\n+00038160: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 . *Note Using d\n+00038170: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n+00038180: 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 s::, for more. \n+00038190: 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a information..\n+000381a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000381b0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 fo, Node: searc\n+000381c0: 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 h, Next: sendke\n+000381d0: 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 y, Prev: save_e\n+000381e0: 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nv, Up: Command\n+000381f0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00038200: 3137 2e34 2e36 3520 7365 6172 6368 0a2d 17.4.65 search.-\n+00038210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00038220: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 6172 -- Command: sear\n+00038230: 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d 2d6c 6162 ch [--file|--lab\n+00038240: 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 5d20 5b2d el|--fs-uuid] [-\n+00038250: 2d73 6574 205b 7661 725d 5d0a 2020 2020 -set [var]]. \n+00038260: 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 [--no-flop\n+00038270: 7079 7c2d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c py|--efidisk-onl\n+00038280: 795d 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2053 6561 y] name. Sea\n+00038290: 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 rch devices by f\n+000382a0: 696c 6520 28e2 8098 2d66 e280 992c 20e2 ile (...-f..., .\n+000382b0: 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9929 2c20 6669 ..--file...), fi\n+000382c0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 656c 2028 lesystem label (\n+000382d0: e280 982d 6ce2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 ...-l...,. .\n+000382e0: 8098 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 292c 206f ..--label...), o\n+000382f0: 7220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 5549 r filesystem UUI\n+00038300: 4420 28e2 8098 2d75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 D (...-u..., ...\n+00038310: 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 292e 0a0a --fs-uuid...)...\n+00038320: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 28e2 8098 If the (...\n+00038330: 2d73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 -s..., ...--set.\n+00038340: 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 ..) option is us\n+00038350: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6465 ed, the first de\n+00038360: 7669 6365 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 730a 2020 vice found is. \n+00038370: 2020 2073 6574 2061 7320 7468 6520 7661 set as the va\n+00038380: 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 lue of environme\n+00038390: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e nt variable VAR.\n+000383a0: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 The default va\n+000383b0: 7269 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 20e2 riable. is .\n+000383c0: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 ..root...... \n+000383d0: 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 The (...-n..., \n+000383e0: e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 e280 ...--no-floppy..\n+000383f0: 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 656e .) option preven\n+00038400: 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2066 6c6f ts searching flo\n+00038410: 7070 7920 6465 7669 6365 732c 0a20 2020 ppy devices,. \n+00038420: 2020 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2073 which can be s\n+00038430: 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 low... The (\n+00038440: e280 982d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c ...--efidisk-onl\n+00038450: 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 y...) option pre\n+00038460: 7665 6e74 7320 7365 6172 6368 696e 6720 vents searching \n+00038470: 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6465 7669 6365 any other device\n+00038480: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 4546 4920 s. then EFI \n+00038490: 6469 736b 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 disks. This is \n+000384a0: 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 2077 typically used w\n+000384b0: 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 hen chainloading\n+000384c0: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2045 to local. E\n+000384d0: 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 FI partition... \n+000384e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 The ...searc\n+000384f0: 682e 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 h.file..., ...se\n+00038500: 6172 6368 2e66 735f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 arch.fs_label...\n+00038510: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e , and ...search.\n+00038520: 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 fs_uuid... comma\n+00038530: 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2061 6c69 nds. are ali\n+00038540: 6173 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 6172 ases for ...sear\n+00038550: 6368 202d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 ch --file..., ..\n+00038560: 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 .search --label.\n+00038570: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 .., and ...searc\n+00038580: 680a 2020 2020 202d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 h. --fs-uuid\n+00038590: e280 9920 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 ... respectively\n+000385a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2068 696e ... Also hin\n+000385b0: 7473 2061 7320 746f 2077 6869 6368 2064 ts as to which d\n+000385c0: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2074 6865 evice may be the\n+000385d0: 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 most likely to \n+000385e0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 contain the. \n+000385f0: 2069 7465 6d20 7365 6172 6368 6564 2066 item searched f\n+00038600: 6f72 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 or may be given \n+00038610: 7669 6120 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d68 e280 via the (...-h..\n+00038620: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 e280 9929 ., ...--hint...)\n+00038630: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 7468 0a20 2020 option with. \n+00038640: 2020 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 a device name \n+00038650: 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e20 as an argument. \n+00038660: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 If the argument\n+00038670: 2065 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 2063 6f6d ends with a com\n+00038680: 6d61 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7061 ma,. then pa\n+00038690: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 rtitions on the \n+000386a0: 6465 7669 6365 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 device are also \n+000386b0: 7365 6172 6368 6564 2e20 2046 7572 7468 searched. Furth\n+000386c0: 6572 6d6f 7265 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 6c61 ermore,. pla\n+000386d0: 7466 6f72 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6963 2068 tform specific h\n+000386e0: 696e 7473 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 ints may be give\n+000386f0: 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e n via the option\n+00038700: 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 s. ...--hint\n+00038710: 2d69 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 -ieee1275..., ..\n+00038720: 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6269 6f73 e280 992c .--hint-bios...,\n+00038730: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 6172 656d ...--hint-barem\n+00038740: 6574 616c e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 etal..., ...--hi\n+00038750: 6e74 2d65 6669 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 nt-efi...,. \n+00038760: 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6172 and ...--hint-ar\n+00038770: 63e2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7370 6563 c.... When spec\n+00038780: 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 7365 206f 7074 ified, these opt\n+00038790: 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e 2061 7267 ions take an arg\n+000387a0: 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f ument. and o\n+000387b0: 7065 7261 7465 206c 696b 6520 e280 982d perate like ...-\n+000387c0: 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 6f6e -hint..., but on\n+000387d0: 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 ly on the specif\n+000387e0: 6965 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 0a1f ied platform....\n+000387f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00038800: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b 6579 , Node: sendkey\n+00038810: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6574 2c20 2050 , Next: set, P\n+00038820: 7265 763a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5570 rev: search, Up\n+00038830: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00038840: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3636 ommands..17.4.66\n+00038850: 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sendkey.-------\n+00038860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00038870: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a20 mmand: sendkey. \n+00038880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6e75 6d7c [--num|\n+00038890: 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c7c --caps|--scroll|\n+000388a0: 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 7c2d 2d70 6175 7365 --insert|--pause\n+000388b0: 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d |--left-shift|--\n+000388c0: 7269 6768 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7379 right-shift|--sy\n+000388d0: 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 7c2d 2d63 srq|--numkey|--c\n+000388e0: 6170 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b apskey|--scrollk\n+000388f0: 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 7c2d ey|--insertkey|-\n+00038900: 2d6c 6566 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 -left-alt|--righ\n+00038910: 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d63 7472 t-alt|--left-ctr\n+00038920: 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 6374 726c 0a20 l|--right-ctrl. \n+00038930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6e7c 6f66 665d on|off]\n+00038940: 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 645d 206b 6579 ... [no-led] key\n+00038950: 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7365 stroke. Inse\n+00038960: 7274 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 696e rt keystrokes in\n+00038970: 746f 2074 6865 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 to the keyboard \n+00038980: 6275 6666 6572 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 buffer when boot\n+00038990: 696e 672e 2020 536f 6d65 7469 6d65 730a ing. Sometimes.\n+000389a0: 2020 2020 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e an operatin\n+000389b0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 6368 6169 g system or chai\n+000389c0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 nloaded boot loa\n+000389d0: 6465 7220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2070 6172 der requires par\n+000389e0: 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 206b 6579 ticular. key\n+000389f0: 7320 746f 2062 6520 7072 6573 7365 643a s to be pressed:\n+00038a00: 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6f6e for example, on\n+00038a10: 6520 6d69 6768 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 e might need to \n+00038a20: 7072 6573 7320 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 press a. par\n+00038a30: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6b65 7920 746f 2065 ticular key to e\n+00038a40: 6e74 6572 2022 7361 6665 206d 6f64 6522 nter \"safe mode\"\n+00038a50: 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c , or when chainl\n+00038a60: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a20 oading another. \n+00038a70: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 boot loader \n+00038a80: 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 7365 6e64 206b one might send k\n+00038a90: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 746f 2069 7420 eystrokes to it \n+00038aa0: 746f 206e 6176 6967 6174 6520 6974 7320 to navigate its \n+00038ab0: 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 menu... Note\n+00038ac0: 3a20 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 : This command i\n+00038ad0: 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 s currently only\n+00038ae0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 available on th\n+00038af0: 6520 6933 3836 2d70 630a 2020 2020 2074 e i386-pc. t\n+00038b00: 6172 6765 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 6f75 arget... You\n+00038b10: 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 2075 7020 may provide up \n+00038b20: 746f 2031 3620 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 to 16 keystrokes\n+00038b30: 2028 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 (the length of \n+00038b40: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 the BIOS. ke\n+00038b50: 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 7229 2e20 yboard buffer). \n+00038b60: 204b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 206e 616d 6573 Keystroke names\n+00038b70: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7570 7065 722d 6361 may be upper-ca\n+00038b80: 7365 206f 7220 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 se or lower-case\n+00038b90: 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7474 6572 732c 2064 . letters, d\n+00038ba0: 6967 6974 732c 206f 7220 7461 6b65 6e20 igits, or taken \n+00038bb0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 from the followi\n+00038bc0: 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ng table:.. \n+00038bd0: 4e61 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Name \n+00038be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4b65 Ke\n+00038bf0: 790a 2020 2020 202d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d y. ---------\n 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2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00038c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 210a 2020 2020 2061 !. a\n+00038c90: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+00038ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2040 0a20 @. \n+00038cb0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 7369 676e 2020 numbersign \n 00038cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038cd0: 2020 2020 230a 2020 2020 2064 6f6c 6c61 #. dolla\n-00038ce0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-00038cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2024 0a20 2020 2020 $. \n-00038d00: 7065 7263 656e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 percent \n-00038d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 250a %.\n-00038d20: 2020 2020 2063 6172 6574 2020 2020 2020 caret \n+00038cd0: 2020 230a 2020 2020 2064 6f6c 6c61 7220 #. dollar \n+00038ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00038cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2024 0a20 2020 2020 7065 $. pe\n+00038d00: 7263 656e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rcent \n+00038d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 250a 2020 %. \n+00038d20: 2020 2063 6172 6574 2020 2020 2020 2020 caret \n 00038d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038d40: 2020 205e 0a20 2020 2020 616d 7065 7273 ^. ampers\n-00038d50: 616e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and \n-00038d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 260a 2020 2020 2061 &. a\n-00038d70: 7374 6572 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sterisk \n-00038d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 0a20 *. \n-00038d90: 2020 2020 7061 7265 6e6c 6566 7420 2020 parenleft \n+00038d40: 205e 0a20 2020 2020 616d 7065 7273 616e ^. ampersan\n+00038d50: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d \n+00038d60: 2020 2020 2020 260a 2020 2020 2061 7374 &. ast\n+00038d70: 6572 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 erisk \n+00038d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 0a20 2020 *. \n+00038d90: 2020 7061 7265 6e6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 parenleft \n 00038da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038db0: 2020 280a 2020 2020 2070 6172 656e 7269 (. parenri\n-00038dc0: 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ght \n-00038dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2029 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 ). mi\n-00038de0: 6e75 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nus \n-00038df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d0a 2020 -. \n-00038e00: 2020 2075 6e64 6572 7363 6f72 6520 2020 underscore \n-00038e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038e20: 205f 0a20 2020 2020 6571 7561 6c20 2020 _. equal \n+00038db0: 280a 2020 2020 2070 6172 656e 7269 6768 (. parenrigh\n+00038dc0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+00038dd0: 2020 2020 2029 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 6e75 ). minu\n+00038de0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s \n+00038df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d0a 2020 2020 -. \n+00038e00: 2075 6e64 6572 7363 6f72 6520 2020 2020 underscore \n+00038e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 205f _\n+00038e20: 0a20 2020 2020 6571 7561 6c20 2020 2020 . equal \n 00038e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038e40: 2020 2020 2020 3d0a 2020 2020 2070 6c75 =. plu\n-00038e50: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s \n-00038e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202b 0a20 2020 +. 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F1 \n+00039260: 2020 2070 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2072 656c press and rel\n+00039270: 6561 7365 2041 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 7370 ease Alt. sp\n+00039280: 6163 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ace \n+00039290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 spac\n+000392a0: 6520 6261 720a 2020 2020 2063 6170 736c e bar. capsl\n+000392b0: 6f63 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ock \n+000392c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6170 7320 4c6f Caps Lo\n+000392d0: 636b 0a20 2020 2020 4631 2020 2020 2020 ck. F1 \n 000392e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000392f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 0a20 2020 2020 F1. \n-00039300: 4632 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F2 \n-00039310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4632 F2\n-00039320: 0a20 2020 2020 4633 2020 2020 2020 2020 . F3 \n+000392f0: 2020 2020 2020 4631 0a20 2020 2020 4632 F1. F2\n+00039300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4632 0a20 F2. \n+00039320: 2020 2020 4633 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F3 \n 00039330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039340: 2020 2020 4633 0a20 2020 2020 4634 2020 F3. F4 \n+00039340: 2020 4633 0a20 2020 2020 4634 2020 2020 F3. F4 \n 00039350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4634 0a20 2020 F4. \n-00039370: 2020 4635 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F5 \n-00039380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039390: 4635 0a20 2020 2020 4636 2020 2020 2020 F5. F6 \n+00039360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4634 0a20 2020 2020 F4. \n+00039370: 4635 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F5 \n+00039380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4635 F5\n+00039390: 0a20 2020 2020 4636 2020 2020 2020 2020 . F6 \n 000393a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000393b0: 2020 2020 2020 4636 0a20 2020 2020 4637 F6. F7\n+000393b0: 2020 2020 4636 0a20 2020 2020 4637 2020 F6. F7 \n 000393c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000393d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4637 0a20 F7. \n-000393e0: 2020 2020 4638 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F8 \n+000393d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4637 0a20 2020 F7. \n+000393e0: 2020 4638 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F8 \n 000393f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039400: 2020 4638 0a20 2020 2020 4639 2020 2020 F8. F9 \n+00039400: 4638 0a20 2020 2020 4639 2020 2020 2020 F8. F9 \n 00039410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4639 0a20 2020 2020 F9. \n-00039430: 4631 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F10 \n-00039440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 F1\n-00039450: 300a 2020 2020 2046 3131 2020 2020 2020 0. F11 \n+00039420: 2020 2020 2020 4639 0a20 2020 2020 4631 F9. F1\n+00039430: 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 0 \n+00039440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 300a F10.\n+00039450: 2020 2020 2046 3131 2020 2020 2020 2020 F11 \n 00039460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039470: 2020 2020 2046 3131 0a20 2020 2020 4631 F11. F1\n-00039480: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n-00039490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 320a F12.\n-000394a0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3120 2020 2020 2020 num1 \n+00039470: 2020 2046 3131 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3220 F11. F12 \n+00039480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 320a 2020 F12. \n+000394a0: 2020 206e 756d 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 num1 \n 000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000394c0: 2020 2031 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 1 (numeric ke\n-000394d0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3220 ypad). num2 \n+000394c0: 2031 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 1 (numeric keyp\n+000394d0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3220 2020 ad). num2 \n 000394e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000394f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 2028 6e75 6d65 2 (nume\n-00039500: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039510: 206e 756d 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num3 \n-00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 3\n-00039530: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039540: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3420 2020 2020 ). num4 \n+000394f0: 2020 2020 2020 2032 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 2 (numeri\n+00039500: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039510: 756d 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um3 \n+00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 2028 3 (\n+00039530: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00039540: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3420 2020 2020 2020 num4 \n 00039550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039560: 2020 2020 2034 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4 (numeric \n-00039570: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00039580: 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5 \n-00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2035 2028 6e75 5 (nu\n-000395a0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-000395b0: 2020 206e 756d 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 num6 \n-000395c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395d0: 2036 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6 (numeric keyp\n-000395e0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3720 2020 ad). num7 \n+00039560: 2020 2034 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 4 (numeric ke\n+00039570: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3520 ypad). num5 \n+00039580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2035 2028 6e75 6d65 5 (nume\n+000395a0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+000395b0: 206e 756d 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num6 \n+000395c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2036 6\n+000395d0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+000395e0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3720 2020 2020 ). num7 \n 000395f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039600: 2020 2020 2020 2037 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 7 (numeri\n-00039610: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00039620: 756d 3820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um8 \n-00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 2028 8 (\n-00039640: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039650: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3920 2020 2020 2020 num9 \n+00039600: 2020 2020 2037 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 7 (numeric \n+00039610: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00039620: 3820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 8 \n+00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 2028 6e75 8 (nu\n+00039640: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039650: 2020 206e 756d 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 num9 \n 00039660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039670: 2020 2039 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 9 (numeric ke\n-00039680: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3020 ypad). num0 \n+00039670: 2039 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 9 (numeric keyp\n+00039680: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3020 2020 ad). num0 \n 00039690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000396a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 2028 6e75 6d65 0 (nume\n-000396b0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-000396c0: 206e 756d 7065 7269 6f64 2020 2020 2020 numperiod \n-000396d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e .\n-000396e0: 2020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 (numeric keypa\n-000396f0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e64 2020 d). numend \n+000396a0: 2020 2020 2020 2030 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 0 (numeri\n+000396b0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+000396c0: 756d 7065 7269 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 umperiod \n+000396d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2020 . \n+000396e0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+000396f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e64 2020 2020 . numend \n 00039700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039710: 2020 2020 2020 456e 6420 286e 756d 6572 End (numer\n-00039720: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00039730: 6e75 6d64 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 numdown \n-00039740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f Do\n-00039750: 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 wn (numeric keyp\n-00039760: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 646f ad). numpgdo\n-00039770: 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn \n-00039780: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e Page Down\n-00039790: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-000397a0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6c65 6674 2020 ). numleft \n+00039710: 2020 2020 456e 6420 286e 756d 6572 6963 End (numeric\n+00039720: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039730: 6d64 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mdown \n+00039740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 776e Down\n+00039750: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039760: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 646f 776e ). numpgdown\n+00039770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039780: 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e 2028 Page Down (\n+00039790: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+000397a0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6c65 6674 2020 2020 numleft \n 000397b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397c0: 2020 2020 204c 6566 7420 286e 756d 6572 Left (numer\n-000397d0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-000397e0: 6e75 6d63 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 numcenter \n-000397f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3520 5 \n-00039800: 7769 7468 204e 756d 204c 6f63 6b20 696e with Num Lock in\n-00039810: 6163 7469 7665 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 630a active (numeric.\n+000397c0: 2020 204c 6566 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 Left (numeric\n+000397d0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+000397e0: 6d63 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 mcenter \n+000397f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3520 7769 5 wi\n+00039800: 7468 204e 756d 204c 6f63 6b20 696e 6163 th Num Lock inac\n+00039810: 7469 7665 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 630a 2020 tive (numeric. \n 00039820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039840: 2020 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 keypad). \n-00039850: 6e75 6d72 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 numright \n-00039860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5269 Ri\n-00039870: 6768 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 ght (numeric key\n-00039880: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d68 6f6d pad). numhom\n-00039890: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 2028 6e75 Home (nu\n-000398b0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-000398c0: 2020 206e 756d 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 numup \n-000398d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000398e0: 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 Up (numeric key\n-000398f0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6775 pad). numpgu\n-00039900: 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p \n-00039910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 7020 Page Up \n-00039920: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00039930: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d69 6e73 6572 7420 . numinsert \n+00039840: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039850: 6d72 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mright \n+00039860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5269 6768 Righ\n+00039870: 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 t (numeric keypa\n+00039880: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d68 6f6d 6520 d). numhome \n+00039890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 2028 6e75 6d65 Home (nume\n+000398b0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+000398c0: 206e 756d 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 numup \n+000398d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 U\n+000398e0: 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 p (numeric keypa\n+000398f0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6775 7020 d). numpgup \n+00039900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039910: 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 7020 286e Page Up (n\n+00039920: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00039930: 2020 2020 6e75 6d69 6e73 6572 7420 2020 numinsert \n 00039940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039950: 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2028 6e75 6d65 Insert (nume\n-00039960: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039970: 206e 756d 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 numdelete \n-00039980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n-00039990: 656c 6574 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b elete (numeric k\n-000399a0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d61 eypad). numa\n-000399b0: 7374 6572 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sterisk \n-000399c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 286e 756d * (num\n-000399d0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-000399e0: 2020 6e75 6d6d 696e 7573 2020 2020 2020 numminus \n-000399f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a00: 2d20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 - (numeric keypa\n-00039a10: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6c75 7320 d). numplus \n+00039950: 2020 496e 7365 7274 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Insert (numeri\n+00039960: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039970: 756d 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 umdelete \n+00039980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 656c Del\n+00039990: 6574 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 ete (numeric key\n+000399a0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d61 7374 pad). numast\n+000399b0: 6572 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 erisk \n+000399c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 286e 756d 6572 * (numer\n+000399d0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+000399e0: 6e75 6d6d 696e 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 numminus \n+000399f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d20 - \n+00039a00: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039a10: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6c75 7320 2020 . numplus \n 00039a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a30: 2020 2020 2020 2b20 286e 756d 6572 6963 + (numeric\n-00039a40: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-00039a50: 6d73 6c61 7368 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mslash \n-00039a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f20 286e / (n\n-00039a70: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039a80: 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e74 6572 2020 2020 numenter \n+00039a30: 2020 2020 2b20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b + (numeric k\n+00039a40: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d73 eypad). nums\n+00039a50: 6c61 7368 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lash \n+00039a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f20 286e 756d / (num\n+00039a70: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00039a80: 2020 6e75 6d65 6e74 6572 2020 2020 2020 numenter \n 00039a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039aa0: 2020 456e 7465 7220 286e 756d 6572 6963 Enter (numeric\n-00039ab0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6465 keypad). de\n-00039ac0: 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lete \n-00039ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 Dele\n-00039ae0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7365 7274 2020 te. insert \n+00039aa0: 456e 7465 7220 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Enter (numeric k\n+00039ab0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6c65 eypad). dele\n+00039ac0: 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te \n+00039ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 Delete\n+00039ae0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7365 7274 2020 2020 . insert \n 00039af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b00: 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 0a20 2020 Insert. \n-00039b10: 2020 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 home \n-00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b30: 486f 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6420 2020 Home. end \n+00039b00: 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 0a20 2020 2020 Insert. \n+00039b10: 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 home \n+00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f Ho\n+00039b30: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6420 2020 2020 me. end \n 00039b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 640a 2020 2020 End. \n-00039b60: 2070 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgdown \n-00039b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n-00039b80: 6167 6520 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7067 age Down. pg\n-00039b90: 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n-00039ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 Page\n-00039bb0: 2055 700a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e20 2020 Up. down \n+00039b50: 2020 2020 2020 456e 640a 2020 2020 2070 End. p\n+00039b60: 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gdown \n+00039b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 Pag\n+00039b80: 6520 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7067 7570 e Down. pgup\n+00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 Page U\n+00039bb0: 700a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 p. down \n 00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 Down. \n-00039be0: 2075 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n-00039bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 U\n-00039c00: 700a 2020 2020 206c 6566 7420 2020 2020 p. left \n+00039bd0: 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 Down. u\n+00039be0: 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p \n+00039bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 700a Up.\n+00039c00: 2020 2020 206c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 left \n 00039c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c20: 2020 2020 204c 6566 740a 2020 2020 2072 Left. r\n-00039c30: 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ight \n-00039c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6967 Rig\n-00039c50: 6874 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 7320 7765 6c6c ht.. As well\n-00039c60: 2061 7320 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2c20 as keystrokes, \n-00039c70: 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 the ...sendkey..\n-00039c80: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7461 6b65 7320 . command takes \n-00039c90: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a various options.\n-00039ca0: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6166 6665 6374 that affect\n-00039cb0: 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 the BIOS keyboa\n-00039cc0: 7264 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 732e rd status flags.\n-00039cd0: 2020 5468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 These options \n-00039ce0: 7461 6b65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 take an. ...\n-00039cf0: 6f6e e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 on... or ...off.\n-00039d00: 8099 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 7370 .. parameter, sp\n-00039d10: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 ecifying that th\n-00039d20: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e corresponding \n-00039d30: 7374 6174 7573 0a20 2020 2020 666c 6167 status. flag\n-00039d40: 2062 6520 7365 7420 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 be set or unset\n-00039d50: 3b20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206f ; omitting the o\n-00039d60: 7074 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 ption for a give\n-00039d70: 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 670a 2020 n status flag. \n-00039d80: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6c65 6176 6520 7468 will leave th\n-00039d90: 6174 2066 6c61 6720 6174 2069 7473 2069 at flag at its i\n-00039da0: 6e69 7469 616c 2073 7461 7465 2061 7420 nitial state at \n-00039db0: 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d boot. The ...--\n-00039dc0: 6e75 6de2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 num...,. ...\n-00039dd0: 2d2d 6361 7073 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d --caps..., ...--\n-00039de0: 7363 726f 6c6c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 scroll..., and .\n-00039df0: 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 e280 9920 6f70 ..--insert... op\n-00039e00: 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7365 tions emulate se\n-00039e10: 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 tting the. c\n-00039e20: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 orresponding mod\n-00039e30: 652c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 20e2 8098 e, while the ...\n-00039e40: 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 e280 992c 20e2 8098 --numkey..., ...\n-00039e50: 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 79e2 8099 2c0a 2020 --capskey...,. \n-00039e60: 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 ...--scrollke\n-00039e70: 79e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 y..., and ...--i\n-00039e80: 6e73 6572 746b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 nsertkey... opti\n-00039e90: 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7072 6573 ons emulate pres\n-00039ea0: 7369 6e67 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 686f sing and. ho\n-00039eb0: 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 lding the corres\n-00039ec0: 706f 6e64 696e 6720 6b65 792e 2020 5468 ponding key. Th\n-00039ed0: 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7374 6174 7573 2066 e other status f\n-00039ee0: 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a lag options are.\n-00039ef0: 2020 2020 2073 656c 662d 6578 706c 616e self-explan\n-00039f00: 6174 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 atory... If \n-00039f10: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6c65 64e2 the ...--no-led.\n-00039f20: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 .. option is giv\n-00039f30: 656e 2c20 7468 6520 7374 6174 7573 2066 en, the status f\n-00039f40: 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 6c6c lag options will\n-00039f50: 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 . have no ef\n-00039f60: 6665 6374 206f 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 fect on keyboard\n-00039f70: 204c 4544 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 LEDs... If \n-00039f80: 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 the ...sendkey..\n-00039f90: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2067 6976 . command is giv\n-00039fa0: 656e 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7469 6d65 en multiple time\n-00039fb0: 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 s, then only the\n-00039fc0: 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7374 2069 6e76 6f63 . last invoc\n-00039fd0: 6174 696f 6e20 6861 7320 616e 7920 6566 ation has any ef\n-00039fe0: 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5369 6e63 fect... Sinc\n-00039ff0: 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 e ...sendkey... \n-0003a000: 6d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 7320 7468 6520 manipulates the \n-0003a010: 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 BIOS keyboard bu\n-0003a020: 6666 6572 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2063 6175 ffer, it may cau\n-0003a030: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 732c 2072 se. hangs, r\n-0003a040: 6562 6f6f 7473 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 eboots, or other\n-0003a050: 206d 6973 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f6e misbehaviour on\n-0003a060: 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 some systems. \n-0003a070: 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 If the. oper\n-0003a080: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 ating system or \n-0003a090: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 6174 boot loader that\n-0003a0a0: 2072 756e 7320 6166 7465 7220 4752 5542 runs after GRUB\n-0003a0b0: 2075 7365 7320 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 2020 uses its own. \n-0003a0c0: 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6472 6976 keyboard driv\n-0003a0d0: 6572 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 er rather than t\n-0003a0e0: 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 he BIOS keyboard\n-0003a0f0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 656e functions, then\n-0003a100: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 . ...sendkey\n-0003a110: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 6e6f ... will have no\n-0003a120: 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 effect... T\n-0003a130: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f his command is o\n-0003a140: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n-0003a150: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 PC BIOS systems\n-0003a160: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003a170: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6574 info, Node: set\n-0003a180: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3173 756d , Next: sha1sum\n-0003a190: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 656e 646b 6579 , Prev: sendkey\n-0003a1a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0003a1b0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0003a1c0: 2e34 2e36 3720 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.67 set.------\n-0003a1d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003a1e0: 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 6e76 7661 723d nd: set [envvar=\n-0003a1f0: 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 value]. Set \n-0003a200: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 the environment \n-0003a210: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 5220 variable ENVVAR \n-0003a220: 746f 2056 414c 5545 2e20 2049 6620 696e to VALUE. If in\n-0003a230: 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f0a 2020 voked with no. \n-0003a240: 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 arguments, pr\n-0003a250: 696e 7420 616c 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d int all environm\n-0003a260: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 ent variables wi\n-0003a270: 7468 2074 6865 6972 2076 616c 7565 732e th their values.\n-0003a280: 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c For. the l\n-0003a290: 6973 7420 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 ist of environme\n-0003a2a0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2063 7572 nt variables cur\n-0003a2b0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 rently used by G\n-0003a2c0: 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2073 6565 0a20 RUB itself see. \n-0003a2d0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 the relevant\n-0003a2e0: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 202a 6e6f 7465 2045 section *note E\n-0003a2f0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f nvironment::....\n-0003a300: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003a310: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d , Node: sha1sum\n-0003a320: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3235 3673 , Next: sha256s\n-0003a330: 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6574 2c20 um, Prev: set, \n-0003a340: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0003a350: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0003a360: 2e36 3820 7368 6131 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d .68 sha1sum.----\n-0003a370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003a380: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6131 7375 Command: sha1su\n-0003a390: 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 m arg .... A\n-0003a3a0: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 lias for ...hash\n-0003a3b0: 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3120 sum --hash sha1 \n-0003a3c0: 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 arg ....... See\n-0003a3d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 command ...hash\n-0003a3e0: 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f sum.... (*no\n-0003a3f0: 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f te hashsum::) fo\n-0003a400: 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 r full descripti\n-0003a410: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-0003a420: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-0003a430: 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a ha256sum, Next:\n-0003a440: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 7265 sha512sum, Pre\n-0003a450: 763a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 703a v: sha1sum, Up:\n-0003a460: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0003a470: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3920 mmands..17.4.69 \n-0003a480: 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sha256sum.------\n-0003a490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003a4a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6132 3536 Command: sha256\n-0003a4b0: 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 sum arg .... \n-0003a4c0: 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 Alias for ...ha\n-0003a4d0: 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 shsum --hash sha\n-0003a4e0: 3235 3620 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 256 arg ....... \n-0003a4f0: 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 See command ...\n-0003a500: 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 hashsum.... \n-0003a510: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n-0003a520: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n-0003a530: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n-0003a540: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003a550: 653a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 204e e: sha512sum, N\n-0003a560: 6578 743a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 2050 7265 ext: sleep, Pre\n-0003a570: 763a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2055 v: sha256sum, U\n-0003a580: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0003a590: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n-0003a5a0: 3020 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 0 sha512sum.----\n-0003a5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003a5c0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6135 -- Command: sha5\n-0003a5d0: 3132 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 12sum arg .... \n-0003a5e0: 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 Alias for ...\n-0003a5f0: 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 hashsum --hash s\n-0003a600: 6861 3531 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 ha512 arg ......\n-0003a610: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 . See command .\n-0003a620: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ..hashsum.... \n-0003a630: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d (*note hashsum\n-0003a640: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 ::) for full des\n-0003a650: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cription.....Fil\n-0003a660: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003a670: 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e 6578 ode: sleep, Nex\n-0003a680: 743a 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 6576 t: smbios, Prev\n-0003a690: 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 : sha512sum, Up\n-0003a6a0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0003a6b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3731 ommands..17.4.71\n-0003a6c0: 2073 6c65 6570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sleep.---------\n-0003a6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003a6e0: 643a 2073 6c65 6570 205b 2d2d 7665 7262 d: sleep [--verb\n-0003a6f0: 6f73 655d 205b 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 ose] [--interrup\n-0003a700: 7469 626c 655d 2063 6f75 6e74 0a20 2020 tible] count. \n-0003a710: 2020 536c 6565 7020 666f 7220 434f 554e Sleep for COUN\n-0003a720: 5420 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4966 206f T seconds. If o\n-0003a730: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d69 6e74 6572 ption ...--inter\n-0003a740: 7275 7074 6962 6c65 e280 9920 6973 2067 ruptible... is g\n-0003a750: 6976 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 iven,. allow\n-0003a760: 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c45 5343 3e2c pressing ,\n-0003a770: 203c 4634 3e20 6f72 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 or holding\n-0003a780: 2064 6f77 6e20 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 746f down to\n-0003a790: 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 0a20 2020 2020 interrupt. \n-0003a7a0: 736c 6565 702e 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 sleep. With ...\n-0003a7b0: 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 2073 686f --verbose... sho\n-0003a7c0: 7720 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 6f66 2072 w countdown of r\n-0003a7d0: 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 emaining seconds\n-0003a7e0: 2e20 2045 7869 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 . Exit. cod\n-0003a7f0: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 e is set to 0 if\n-0003a800: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 6564 timeout expired\n-0003a810: 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 3120 6966 2074 696d and to 1 if tim\n-0003a820: 656f 7574 2077 6173 0a20 2020 2020 696e eout was. in\n-0003a830: 7465 7272 7570 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 terrupted using \n-0003a840: 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7469 any of the menti\n-0003a850: 6f6e 6564 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 oned keys.....Fi\n-0003a860: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003a870: 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 204e Node: smbios, N\n-0003a880: 6578 743a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5072 ext: source, Pr\n-0003a890: 6576 3a20 736c 6565 702c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: sleep, Up: \n-0003a8a0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0003a8b0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3732 2073 mands..17.4.72 s\n-0003a8c0: 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mbios.----------\n-0003a8d0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003a8e0: 643a 2073 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d 2d74 7970 d: smbios [--typ\n-0003a8f0: 6520 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 616e 646c e TYPE] [--handl\n-0003a900: 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d 2d6d 6174 e HANDLE] [--mat\n-0003a910: 6368 204d 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 ch MATCH]. \n-0003a920: 2020 2020 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 6520 (--get-byte \n-0003a930: 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 207c 202d | --get-word | -\n-0003a940: 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 -get-dword | --g\n-0003a950: 6574 2d71 776f 7264 207c 0a20 2020 2020 et-qword |. \n-0003a960: 2020 2020 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e --get-strin\n-0003a970: 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 2920 g | --get-uuid) \n-0003a980: 4f46 4653 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5641 OFFSET [--set VA\n-0003a990: 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 RIABLE]. Ret\n-0003a9a0: 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 rieve SMBIOS inf\n-0003a9b0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ormation... \n-0003a9c0: 5468 6520 e280 9873 6d62 696f 73e2 8099 The ...smbios...\n-0003a9d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 command returns\n-0003a9e0: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 the value of a \n-0003a9f0: 6669 656c 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d 4249 field in an SMBI\n-0003aa00: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 OS. structur\n-0003aa10: 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e e. The followin\n-0003aa20: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d g options determ\n-0003aa30: 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 6374 ine which struct\n-0003aa40: 7572 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 ure to. sele\n-0003aa50: 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 ct... ...\n-0003aa60: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d Specifying ...-\n-0003aa70: 2d74 7970 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 -type... will se\n-0003aa80: 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 lect structures \n-0003aa90: 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a with a matching.\n-0003aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5459 5045 2e20 TYPE. \n-0003aab0: 2054 6865 2074 7970 6520 6361 6e20 6265 The type can be\n-0003aac0: 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2066 726f any integer fro\n-0003aad0: 6d20 3020 746f 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 m 0 to 255.. \n-0003aae0: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 ... Specifyi\n-0003aaf0: 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 e280 ng ...--handle..\n-0003ab00: 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 . will select st\n-0003ab10: 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 ructures with a \n-0003ab20: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 matching. \n-0003ab30: 2020 2048 414e 444c 452e 2020 5468 6520 HANDLE. The \n-0003ab40: 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e handle can be an\n-0003ab50: 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 y integer from 0\n-0003ab60: 2074 6f20 3635 3533 352e 0a20 2020 2020 to 65535.. \n-0003ab70: 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e ... Specifyin\n-0003ab80: 6720 e280 982d 2d6d 6174 6368 e280 9920 g ...--match... \n-0003ab90: 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 will select stru\n-0003aba0: 6374 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d 4154 cture number MAT\n-0003abb0: 4348 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 CH in the. \n-0003abc0: 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c 6973 filtered lis\n-0003abd0: 7420 6f66 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 733b t of structures;\n-0003abe0: 2065 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 736d 6269 6f73 e.g. ...smbios\n-0003abf0: 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 --type 4 --matc\n-0003ac00: 6820 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 h 2.... \n-0003ac10: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 will select the\n-0003ac20: 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 5072 6f63 6573 7320 second Process \n-0003ac30: 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 2854 7970 Information (Typ\n-0003ac40: 6520 3429 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e0a e 4) structure..\n-0003ac50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c69 The li\n-0003ac60: 7374 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 206f 7264 st is always ord\n-0003ac70: 6572 6564 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 ered the same as\n-0003ac80: 2074 6865 2068 6172 6477 6172 6527 7320 the hardware's \n-0003ac90: 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 SMBIOS. \n-0003aca0: 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6174 table. The mat\n-0003acb0: 6368 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 ch number must b\n-0003acc0: 6520 6120 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e74 e a positive int\n-0003acd0: 6567 6572 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 eger. If. \n-0003ace0: 2020 2020 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c unspecified,\n-0003acf0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206d 6174 6368 the first match\n-0003ad00: 696e 6720 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 7769 ing structure wi\n-0003ad10: 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a ll be selected..\n-0003ad20: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e . The remain\n-0003ad30: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 ing options dete\n-0003ad40: 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 6669 656c rmine which fiel\n-0003ad50: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 d in the selecte\n-0003ad60: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 d SMBIOS. st\n-0003ad70: 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 ructure to retur\n-0003ad80: 6e2e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206f 6620 n. Only one of \n-0003ad90: 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 these options ma\n-0003ada0: 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 y be specified a\n-0003adb0: 740a 2020 2020 2061 2074 696d 652e 0a0a t. a time...\n-0003adc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e ... When\n-0003add0: 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d given ...--get-\n-0003ade0: 6279 7465 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 byte..., return \n-0003adf0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the value of the\n-0003ae00: 2062 7974 6520 6174 0a20 2020 2020 2020 byte at. \n-0003ae10: 2020 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 OFFSET bytes \n-0003ae20: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 into the selecte\n-0003ae30: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 d SMBIOS structu\n-0003ae40: 7265 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a re. It will be.\n-0003ae50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 format\n-0003ae60: 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e ted as an unsign\n-0003ae70: 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 ed decimal integ\n-0003ae80: 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 er.. ... \n-0003ae90: 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d When given ...--\n-0003aea0: 6765 742d 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 get-word..., ret\n-0003aeb0: 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 urn the value of\n-0003aec0: 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f 0a20 the word (two. \n-0003aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 bytes) \n-0003aee0: 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 at OFFSET bytes \n-0003aef0: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 into the selecte\n-0003af00: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 d SMBIOS structu\n-0003af10: 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 re. It. \n-0003af20: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 will be format\n-0003af30: 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e ted as an unsign\n-0003af40: 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 ed decimal integ\n-0003af50: 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 er.. ... \n-0003af60: 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d When given ...--\n-0003af70: 6765 742d 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 get-dword..., re\n-0003af80: 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f turn the value o\n-0003af90: 6620 7468 6520 6477 6f72 6420 2866 6f75 f the dword (fou\n-0003afa0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 r. byte\n-0003afb0: 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 s) at OFFSET byt\n-0003afc0: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 es into the sele\n-0003afd0: 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 cted SMBIOS stru\n-0003afe0: 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 cture. It. \n-0003aff0: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 will be for\n-0003b000: 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 matted as an uns\n-0003b010: 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e igned decimal in\n-0003b020: 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 teger.. .\n-0003b030: 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 .. When given ..\n-0003b040: 982d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 e280 992c .--get-qword...,\n-0003b050: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 return the valu\n-0003b060: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2071 776f 7264 2028 e of the qword (\n-0003b070: 6569 6768 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eight. \n-0003b080: 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 bytes) at OFFSET\n-0003b090: 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 bytes into the \n-0003b0a0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 selected SMBIOS \n-0003b0b0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 structure. It. \n-0003b0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 will be\n-0003b0d0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e formatted as an\n-0003b0e0: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 unsigned decima\n-0003b0f0: 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 l integer.. \n-0003b100: 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 ... When give\n-0003b110: 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e n ...--get-strin\n-0003b120: 67e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 g..., return the\n-0003b130: 2073 7472 696e 6720 7769 7468 2069 7473 string with its\n-0003b140: 2069 6e64 6578 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 index. \n-0003b150: 2066 6f75 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 found at OFFSET\n-0003b160: 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 bytes into the \n-0003b170: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 selected SMBIOS \n-0003b180: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 structure.. \n-0003b190: 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 ... When give\n-0003b1a0: 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 64e2 n ...--get-uuid.\n-0003b1b0: 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 .., return the v\n-0003b1c0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 5555 4944 alue of the UUID\n-0003b1d0: 2028 7369 7874 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 (sixteen. \n-0003b1e0: 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 bytes) at OF\n-0003b1f0: 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 FSET bytes into \n-0003b200: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n-0003b210: 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 IOS structure. \n-0003b220: 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c It. wil\n-0003b230: 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 l be formatted a\n-0003b240: 7320 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 2068 7970 s lower-case hyp\n-0003b250: 6865 6e61 7465 6420 6865 7861 6465 6369 henated hexadeci\n-0003b260: 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 mal digits,. \n-0003b270: 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 with the f\n-0003b280: 6972 7374 2074 6872 6565 2066 6965 6c64 irst three field\n-0003b290: 7320 6173 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 s as little-endi\n-0003b2a0: 616e 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7374 an, and the rest\n-0003b2b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 . print\n-0003b2c0: 6564 2062 7974 652d 6279 2d62 7974 652e ed byte-by-byte.\n-0003b2d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n-0003b2e0: 6c74 2061 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6f20 lt action is to \n-0003b2f0: 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 print the value \n-0003b300: 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 of the requested\n-0003b310: 2066 6965 6c64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 field to. t\n-0003b320: 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 he console, but \n-0003b330: 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 a variable name \n-0003b340: 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 can be specified\n-0003b350: 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 with ...--set..\n-0003b360: 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6f72 6520 . to. store \n-0003b370: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 696e 7374 6561 the value instea\n-0003b380: 6420 6f66 2070 7269 6e74 696e 6720 6974 d of printing it\n-0003b390: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d ... 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E\n-0003c170: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 XPRESSION2. \n-0003c180: 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 5052 either EXPR\n-0003c190: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 5245 ESSION1 or EXPRE\n-0003c1a0: 5353 494f 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a0a SSION2 is true..\n-0003c1b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003c1c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 o, Node: true, \n-0003c1d0: 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2050 Next: trust, P\n-0003c1e0: 7265 763a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: test, Up: \n-0003c1f0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0003c200: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3735 2074 mands..17.4.75 t\n-0003c210: 7275 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rue.------------\n-0003c220: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 .. -- Command: t\n-0003c230: 7275 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 rue. Do noth\n-0003c240: 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c ing, successfull\n-0003c250: 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e y. This is main\n-0003c260: 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e ly useful in con\n-0003c270: 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 trol. constr\n-0003c280: 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 ucts such as ...\n-0003c290: 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 if... and ...whi\n-0003c2a0: 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 le... (*note She\n-0003c2b0: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n-0003c2c0: 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 g::).....File: g\n-0003c2d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003c2e0: 2074 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2075 trust, Next: u\n-0003c2f0: 6e73 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 7275 nset, Prev: tru\n-0003c300: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n-0003c310: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0003c320: 372e 342e 3736 2074 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.76 trust.---\n-0003c330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003c340: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 7374 205b Command: trust [\n-0003c350: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 7075 626b --skip-sig] pubk\n-0003c360: 6579 5f66 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 6561 ey_file. Rea\n-0003c370: 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2066 726f d public key fro\n-0003c380: 6d20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 616e m PUBKEY_FILE an\n-0003c390: 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f20 4752 5542 d add it to GRUB\n-0003c3a0: 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c20 6c69 7374 's internal list\n-0003c3b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 . of trusted\n-0003c3c0: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 public keys. T\n-0003c3d0: 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 hese keys are us\n-0003c3e0: 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2064 ed to validate d\n-0003c3f0: 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e igital. sign\n-0003c400: 6174 7572 6573 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 atures when envi\n-0003c410: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0003c420: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n-0003c430: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ures... is set t\n-0003c440: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 o. ...enforc\n-0003c450: 65e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 e.... Note that\n-0003c460: 2069 6620 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 if ...check_sig\n-0003c470: 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 natures... is se\n-0003c480: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 t to ...enforce.\n-0003c490: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 20e2 8098 ... when ...\n-0003c4a0: 7472 7573 74e2 8099 2065 7865 6375 7465 trust... execute\n-0003c4b0: 732c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 s, then PUBKEY_F\n-0003c4c0: 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c 6620 ILE must itself \n-0003c4d0: 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 790a 2020 2020 be properly. \n-0003c4e0: 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 signed. The ..\n-0003c4f0: 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f .--skip-sig... o\n-0003c500: 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 ption can be use\n-0003c510: 6420 746f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 d to disable. \n-0003c520: 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 6563 signature-chec\n-0003c530: 6b69 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 696e king when readin\n-0003c540: 6720 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6974 g PUBKEY_FILE it\n-0003c550: 7365 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 7870 self. It is exp\n-0003c560: 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 ected. that \n-0003c570: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 ...--skip-sig...\n-0003c580: 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2074 is useful for t\n-0003c590: 6573 7469 6e67 2061 6e64 206d 616e 7561 esting and manua\n-0003c5a0: 6c20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 l booting. *Not\n-0003c5b0: 650a 2020 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 e. Using dig\n-0003c5c0: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n-0003c5d0: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f :, for more info\n-0003c5e0: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n-0003c5f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003c600: 6465 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 de: unset, Next\n-0003c610: 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 : verify_detache\n-0003c620: 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7573 742c d, Prev: trust,\n-0003c630: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0003c640: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0003c650: 342e 3737 2075 6e73 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.77 unset.-----\n-0003c660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003c670: 6d6d 616e 643a 2075 6e73 6574 2065 6e76 mmand: unset env\n-0003c680: 7661 720a 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2074 var. Unset t\n-0003c690: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 he environment v\n-0003c6a0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e0a ariable ENVVAR..\n-0003c6b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003c6c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 fo, Node: verif\n-0003c6d0: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 204e 6578 y_detached, Nex\n-0003c6e0: 743a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 2050 t: videoinfo, P\n-0003c6f0: 7265 763a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2055 703a rev: unset, Up:\n-0003c700: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0003c710: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3820 mmands..17.4.78 \n-0003c720: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 640a verify_detached.\n+00039c20: 2020 204c 6566 740a 2020 2020 2072 6967 Left. rig\n+00039c30: 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ht \n+00039c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6967 6874 Right\n+00039c50: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 .. As well a\n+00039c60: 7320 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2c20 7468 s keystrokes, th\n+00039c70: 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 e ...sendkey... \n+00039c80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7461 6b65 7320 7661 command takes va\n+00039c90: 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 rious options. \n+00039ca0: 2020 2074 6861 7420 6166 6665 6374 2074 that affect t\n+00039cb0: 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 he BIOS keyboard\n+00039cc0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 732e 2020 status flags. \n+00039cd0: 5468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7461 These options ta\n+00039ce0: 6b65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f6e ke an. ...on\n+00039cf0: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 ... or ...off...\n+00039d00: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 7370 6563 parameter, spec\n+00039d10: 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 ifying that the \n+00039d20: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 7374 corresponding st\n+00039d30: 6174 7573 0a20 2020 2020 666c 6167 2062 atus. flag b\n+00039d40: 6520 7365 7420 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 3b20 e set or unset; \n+00039d50: 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206f 7074 omitting the opt\n+00039d60: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 ion for a given \n+00039d70: 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 670a 2020 2020 status flag. \n+00039d80: 2077 696c 6c20 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6174 will leave that\n+00039d90: 2066 6c61 6720 6174 2069 7473 2069 6e69 flag at its ini\n+00039da0: 7469 616c 2073 7461 7465 2061 7420 626f tial state at bo\n+00039db0: 6f74 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 ot. The ...--nu\n+00039dc0: 6de2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d m...,. ...--\n+00039dd0: 6361 7073 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 caps..., ...--sc\n+00039de0: 726f 6c6c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 roll..., and ...\n+00039df0: 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 e280 9920 6f70 7469 --insert... opti\n+00039e00: 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7365 7474 ons emulate sett\n+00039e10: 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 ing the. cor\n+00039e20: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 652c responding mode,\n+00039e30: 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d while the ...--\n+00039e40: 6e75 6d6b 6579 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d numkey..., ...--\n+00039e50: 6361 7073 6b65 79e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 capskey...,. \n+00039e60: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 79e2 ...--scrollkey.\n+00039e70: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 6e73 .., and ...--ins\n+00039e80: 6572 746b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ertkey... option\n+00039e90: 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7072 6573 7369 s emulate pressi\n+00039ea0: 6e67 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 686f 6c64 ng and. hold\n+00039eb0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f ing the correspo\n+00039ec0: 6e64 696e 6720 6b65 792e 2020 5468 6520 nding key. The \n+00039ed0: 6f74 6865 7220 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 other status fla\n+00039ee0: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 2020 g options are. \n+00039ef0: 2020 2073 656c 662d 6578 706c 616e 6174 self-explanat\n+00039f00: 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 ory... If th\n+00039f10: 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6c65 64e2 8099 e ...--no-led...\n+00039f20: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e option is given\n+00039f30: 2c20 7468 6520 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 , the status fla\n+00039f40: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 6c6c 0a20 g options will. \n+00039f50: 2020 2020 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 have no effe\n+00039f60: 6374 206f 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 204c ct on keyboard L\n+00039f70: 4544 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 EDs... If th\n+00039f80: 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 e ...sendkey... \n+00039f90: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2067 6976 656e command is given\n+00039fa0: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7469 6d65 732c multiple times,\n+00039fb0: 2074 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 then only the. \n+00039fc0: 2020 2020 6c61 7374 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 last invocat\n+00039fd0: 696f 6e20 6861 7320 616e 7920 6566 6665 ion has any effe\n+00039fe0: 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5369 6e63 6520 ct... Since \n+00039ff0: e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 6d61 ...sendkey... ma\n+0003a000: 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 7320 7468 6520 4249 nipulates the BI\n+0003a010: 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 OS keyboard buff\n+0003a020: 6572 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 er, it may cause\n+0003a030: 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 732c 2072 6562 . hangs, reb\n+0003a040: 6f6f 7473 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 206d oots, or other m\n+0003a050: 6973 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f6e 2073 isbehaviour on s\n+0003a060: 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 4966 ome systems. If\n+0003a070: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 the. operat\n+0003a080: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 626f ing system or bo\n+0003a090: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 6174 2072 ot loader that r\n+0003a0a0: 756e 7320 6166 7465 7220 4752 5542 2075 uns after GRUB u\n+0003a0b0: 7365 7320 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 ses its own. \n+0003a0c0: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6472 6976 6572 keyboard driver\n+0003a0d0: 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 rather than the\n+0003a0e0: 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2066 BIOS keyboard f\n+0003a0f0: 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 unctions, then. \n+0003a100: 2020 2020 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 ...sendkey..\n+0003a110: 9920 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 . will have no e\n+0003a120: 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ffect... Thi\n+0003a130: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c s command is onl\n+0003a140: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2050 y available on P\n+0003a150: 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a C BIOS systems..\n+0003a160: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003a170: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6574 2c20 fo, Node: set, \n+0003a180: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 Next: sha1sum, \n+0003a190: 2050 7265 763a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 Prev: sendkey, \n+0003a1a0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0003a1b0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0003a1c0: 2e36 3720 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .67 set.--------\n+0003a1d0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003a1e0: 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 6e76 7661 723d 7661 : set [envvar=va\n+0003a1f0: 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 lue]. Set th\n+0003a200: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 e environment va\n+0003a210: 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 5220 746f riable ENVVAR to\n+0003a220: 2056 414c 5545 2e20 2049 6620 696e 766f VALUE. If invo\n+0003a230: 6b65 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 ked with no. \n+0003a240: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e arguments, prin\n+0003a250: 7420 616c 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e t all environmen\n+0003a260: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 t variables with\n+0003a270: 2074 6865 6972 2076 616c 7565 732e 2020 their values. \n+0003a280: 466f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 For. the lis\n+0003a290: 7420 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 t of environment\n+0003a2a0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2063 7572 7265 variables curre\n+0003a2b0: 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 5255 ntly used by GRU\n+0003a2c0: 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2073 6565 0a20 2020 B itself see. \n+0003a2d0: 2020 7468 6520 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2073 the relevant s\n+0003a2e0: 6563 7469 6f6e 202a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 ection *note Env\n+0003a2f0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ironment::.....F\n+0003a300: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003a310: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 Node: sha1sum, \n+0003a320: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d Next: sha256sum\n+0003a330: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6574 2c20 2055 , Prev: set, U\n+0003a340: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0003a350: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n+0003a360: 3820 7368 6131 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 sha1sum.------\n+0003a370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003a380: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d20 ommand: sha1sum \n+0003a390: 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 arg .... Ali\n+0003a3a0: 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 as for ...hashsu\n+0003a3b0: 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3120 6172 m --hash sha1 ar\n+0003a3c0: 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 g ....... See c\n+0003a3d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 ommand ...hashsu\n+0003a3e0: 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 m.... (*note\n+0003a3f0: 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 hashsum::) for \n+0003a400: 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e full description\n+0003a410: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003a420: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 info, Node: sha\n+0003a430: 3235 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 256sum, Next: s\n+0003a440: 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a ha512sum, Prev:\n+0003a450: 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 sha1sum, Up: C\n+0003a460: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0003a470: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3920 7368 ands..17.4.69 sh\n+0003a480: 6132 3536 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d a256sum.--------\n+0003a490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003a4a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 ommand: sha256su\n+0003a4b0: 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 m arg .... A\n+0003a4c0: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 lias for ...hash\n+0003a4d0: 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3235 sum --hash sha25\n+0003a4e0: 3620 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6 arg ....... S\n+0003a4f0: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 ee command ...ha\n+0003a500: 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a shsum.... (*\n+0003a510: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n+0003a520: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n+0003a530: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+0003a540: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003a550: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 204e 6578 sha512sum, Nex\n+0003a560: 743a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: sleep, Prev:\n+0003a570: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2055 703a sha256sum, Up:\n+0003a580: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0003a590: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3020 mmands..17.4.70 \n+0003a5a0: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sha512sum.------\n+0003a5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003a5c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6135 3132 Command: sha512\n+0003a5d0: 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 sum arg .... \n+0003a5e0: 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 Alias for ...ha\n+0003a5f0: 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 shsum --hash sha\n+0003a600: 3531 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 512 arg ....... \n+0003a610: 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 See command ...\n+0003a620: 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 hashsum.... \n+0003a630: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n+0003a640: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n+0003a650: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n+0003a660: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003a670: 653a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: sleep, Next:\n+0003a680: 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 smbios, Prev: \n+0003a690: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 sha512sum, Up: \n+0003a6a0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0003a6b0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3731 2073 mands..17.4.71 s\n+0003a6c0: 6c65 6570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d leep.-----------\n+0003a6d0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003a6e0: 2073 6c65 6570 205b 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 sleep [--verbos\n+0003a6f0: 655d 205b 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 e] [--interrupti\n+0003a700: 626c 655d 2063 6f75 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 ble] count. \n+0003a710: 536c 6565 7020 666f 7220 434f 554e 5420 Sleep for COUNT \n+0003a720: 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4966 206f 7074 seconds. If opt\n+0003a730: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 ion ...--interru\n+0003a740: 7074 6962 6c65 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 ptible... is giv\n+0003a750: 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 en,. allow p\n+0003a760: 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c45 5343 3e2c 203c ressing , <\n+0003a770: 4634 3e20 6f72 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 2064 F4> or holding d\n+0003a780: 6f77 6e20 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 746f 2069 own to i\n+0003a790: 6e74 6572 7275 7074 0a20 2020 2020 736c nterrupt. sl\n+0003a7a0: 6565 702e 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d eep. With ...--\n+0003a7b0: 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 2073 686f 7720 verbose... show \n+0003a7c0: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 6f66 2072 656d countdown of rem\n+0003a7d0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 aining seconds. \n+0003a7e0: 2045 7869 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6520 Exit. code \n+0003a7f0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 is set to 0 if t\n+0003a800: 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 6564 2061 imeout expired a\n+0003a810: 6e64 2074 6f20 3120 6966 2074 696d 656f nd to 1 if timeo\n+0003a820: 7574 2077 6173 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 ut was. inte\n+0003a830: 7272 7570 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 616e rrupted using an\n+0003a840: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7469 6f6e y of the mention\n+0003a850: 6564 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ed keys.....File\n+0003a860: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003a870: 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 204e 6578 de: smbios, Nex\n+0003a880: 743a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5072 6576 t: source, Prev\n+0003a890: 3a20 736c 6565 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : sleep, Up: Co\n+0003a8a0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0003a8b0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3732 2073 6d62 nds..17.4.72 smb\n+0003a8c0: 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ios.------------\n+0003a8d0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003a8e0: 2073 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d 2d74 7970 6520 smbios [--type \n+0003a8f0: 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 616e 646c 6520 TYPE] [--handle \n+0003a900: 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d 2d6d 6174 6368 HANDLE] [--match\n+0003a910: 204d 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 MATCH]. \n+0003a920: 2020 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 6520 7c20 (--get-byte | \n+0003a930: 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 --get-word | --g\n+0003a940: 6574 2d64 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 et-dword | --get\n+0003a950: 2d71 776f 7264 207c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 -qword |. \n+0003a960: 2020 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6720 --get-string \n+0003a970: 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 2920 4f46 | --get-uuid) OF\n+0003a980: 4653 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5641 5249 FSET [--set VARI\n+0003a990: 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 ABLE]. Retri\n+0003a9a0: 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 eve SMBIOS infor\n+0003a9b0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 mation... Th\n+0003a9c0: 6520 e280 9873 6d62 696f 73e2 8099 2063 e ...smbios... c\n+0003a9d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 ommand returns t\n+0003a9e0: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 6669 he value of a fi\n+0003a9f0: 656c 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d 4249 4f53 eld in an SMBIOS\n+0003aa00: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e . structure.\n+0003aa10: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 The following \n+0003aa20: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e options determin\n+0003aa30: 6520 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 6374 7572 e which structur\n+0003aa40: 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 e to. select\n+0003aa50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 ... ... S\n+0003aa60: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d74 pecifying ...--t\n+0003aa70: 7970 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 ype... will sele\n+0003aa80: 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 7769 ct structures wi\n+0003aa90: 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a 2020 th a matching. \n+0003aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5459 5045 2e20 2054 TYPE. T\n+0003aab0: 6865 2074 7970 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 he type can be a\n+0003aac0: 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 ny integer from \n+0003aad0: 3020 746f 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 0 to 255.. \n+0003aae0: 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 ... Specifying\n+0003aaf0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 e280 9920 ...--handle... \n+0003ab00: 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 will select stru\n+0003ab10: 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d61 ctures with a ma\n+0003ab20: 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tching. \n+0003ab30: 2048 414e 444c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6861 HANDLE. The ha\n+0003ab40: 6e64 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 ndle can be any \n+0003ab50: 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 integer from 0 t\n+0003ab60: 6f20 3635 3533 352e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 o 65535.. \n+0003ab70: 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 ... Specifying \n+0003ab80: e280 982d 2d6d 6174 6368 e280 9920 7769 ...--match... wi\n+0003ab90: 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 ll select struct\n+0003aba0: 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d 4154 4348 ure number MATCH\n+0003abb0: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n+0003abc0: 2020 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 filtered list \n+0003abd0: 6f66 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 733b 2065 of structures; e\n+0003abe0: 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 736d 6269 6f73 202d .g. ...smbios -\n+0003abf0: 2d74 7970 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 -type 4 --match \n+0003ac00: 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 2.... w\n+0003ac10: 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2073 ill select the s\n+0003ac20: 6563 6f6e 6420 5072 6f63 6573 7320 496e econd Process In\n+0003ac30: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 2854 7970 6520 formation (Type \n+0003ac40: 3429 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 4) structure.. \n+0003ac50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c69 7374 The list\n+0003ac60: 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 206f 7264 6572 is always order\n+0003ac70: 6564 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 ed the same as t\n+0003ac80: 6865 2068 6172 6477 6172 6527 7320 534d he hardware's SM\n+0003ac90: 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 BIOS. t\n+0003aca0: 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6174 6368 able. The match\n+0003acb0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 number must be \n+0003acc0: 6120 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e74 6567 a positive integ\n+0003acd0: 6572 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 er. If. \n+0003ace0: 2020 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 unspecified, t\n+0003acf0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 206d 6174 6368 696e he first matchin\n+0003ad00: 6720 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 7769 6c6c g structure will\n+0003ad10: 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a 0a20 be selected... \n+0003ad20: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e The remainin\n+0003ad30: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d g options determ\n+0003ad40: 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 6669 656c 6420 ine which field \n+0003ad50: 696e 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 in the selected \n+0003ad60: 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 SMBIOS. stru\n+0003ad70: 6374 7572 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e2e cture to return.\n+0003ad80: 2020 4f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 Only one of th\n+0003ad90: 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 ese options may \n+0003ada0: 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 740a be specified at.\n+0003adb0: 2020 2020 2061 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 a time... \n+0003adc0: 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 ... When g\n+0003add0: 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 iven ...--get-by\n+0003ade0: 7465 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 te..., return th\n+0003adf0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2062 e value of the b\n+0003ae00: 7974 6520 6174 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 yte at. \n+0003ae10: 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e OFFSET bytes in\n+0003ae20: 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 to the selected \n+0003ae30: 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 SMBIOS structure\n+0003ae40: 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 . It will be. \n+0003ae50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 7465 formatte\n+0003ae60: 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 d as an unsigned\n+0003ae70: 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 decimal integer\n+0003ae80: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 .. ... Wh\n+0003ae90: 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 en given ...--ge\n+0003aea0: 742d 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 t-word..., retur\n+0003aeb0: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 n the value of t\n+0003aec0: 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f 0a20 2020 he word (two. \n+0003aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 bytes) at\n+0003aee0: 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e OFFSET bytes in\n+0003aef0: 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 to the selected \n+0003af00: 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 SMBIOS structure\n+0003af10: 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . It. \n+0003af20: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 will be formatte\n+0003af30: 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 d as an unsigned\n+0003af40: 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 decimal integer\n+0003af50: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 .. ... Wh\n+0003af60: 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 en given ...--ge\n+0003af70: 742d 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 t-dword..., retu\n+0003af80: 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 rn the value of \n+0003af90: 7468 6520 6477 6f72 6420 2866 6f75 720a the dword (four.\n+0003afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 bytes)\n+0003afb0: 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 at OFFSET bytes\n+0003afc0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 into the select\n+0003afd0: 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 ed SMBIOS struct\n+0003afe0: 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ure. It. \n+0003aff0: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 will be forma\n+0003b000: 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 tted as an unsig\n+0003b010: 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 ned decimal inte\n+0003b020: 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 ger.. ...\n+0003b030: 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d When given ...-\n+0003b040: 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 -get-qword..., r\n+0003b050: 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 eturn the value \n+0003b060: 6f66 2074 6865 2071 776f 7264 2028 6569 of the qword (ei\n+0003b070: 6768 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 ght. by\n+0003b080: 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 tes) at OFFSET b\n+0003b090: 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 ytes into the se\n+0003b0a0: 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 lected SMBIOS st\n+0003b0b0: 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 ructure. It. \n+0003b0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 will be f\n+0003b0d0: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 ormatted as an u\n+0003b0e0: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 nsigned decimal \n+0003b0f0: 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 integer.. \n+0003b100: 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 ... When given \n+0003b110: e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 67e2 ...--get-string.\n+0003b120: 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2073 .., return the s\n+0003b130: 7472 696e 6720 7769 7468 2069 7473 2069 tring with its i\n+0003b140: 6e64 6578 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 ndex. f\n+0003b150: 6f75 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 ound at OFFSET b\n+0003b160: 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 ytes into the se\n+0003b170: 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 lected SMBIOS st\n+0003b180: 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ructure.. \n+0003b190: 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 ... When given \n+0003b1a0: e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 ...--get-uuid...\n+0003b1b0: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c , return the val\n+0003b1c0: 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 5555 4944 2028 ue of the UUID (\n+0003b1d0: 7369 7874 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 sixteen. \n+0003b1e0: 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 bytes) at OFFS\n+0003b1f0: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n+0003b200: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n+0003b210: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. It\n+0003b220: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n+0003b230: 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 be formatted as \n+0003b240: 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 2068 7970 6865 lower-case hyphe\n+0003b250: 6e61 7465 6420 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 nated hexadecima\n+0003b260: 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 l digits,. \n+0003b270: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 6972 with the fir\n+0003b280: 7374 2074 6872 6565 2066 6965 6c64 7320 st three fields \n+0003b290: 6173 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e as little-endian\n+0003b2a0: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7374 0a20 , and the rest. \n+0003b2b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 printed\n+0003b2c0: 2062 7974 652d 6279 2d62 7974 652e 0a0a byte-by-byte...\n+0003b2d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n+0003b2e0: 2061 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6f20 7072 action is to pr\n+0003b2f0: 696e 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 int the value of\n+0003b300: 2074 6865 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2066 the requested f\n+0003b310: 6965 6c64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ield to. the\n+0003b320: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6120 console, but a \n+0003b330: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6361 variable name ca\n+0003b340: 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 n be specified w\n+0003b350: 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 ith ...--set... \n+0003b360: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6f72 6520 7468 to. store th\n+0003b370: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 696e 7374 6561 6420 e value instead \n+0003b380: 6f66 2070 7269 6e74 696e 6720 6974 2e0a of printing it..\n+0003b390: 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c . 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EXP\n+0003c170: 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 RESSION2. \n+0003c180: 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 5052 4553 either EXPRES\n+0003c190: 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 5245 5353 SION1 or EXPRESS\n+0003c1a0: 494f 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a0a 1f0a ION2 is true....\n+0003c1b0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003c1c0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 204e Node: true, N\n+0003c1d0: 6578 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 ext: trust, Pre\n+0003c1e0: 763a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: test, Up: Co\n+0003c1f0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0003c200: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3735 2074 7275 nds..17.4.75 tru\n+0003c210: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a e.------------..\n+0003c220: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 -- Command: tru\n+0003c230: 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e e. Do nothin\n+0003c240: 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e g, successfully.\n+0003c250: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 This is mainly\n+0003c260: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 useful in contr\n+0003c270: 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 ol. construc\n+0003c280: 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 ts such as ...if\n+0003c290: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 ... and ...while\n+0003c2a0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c ... (*note Shell\n+0003c2b0: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a -like scripting:\n+0003c2c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+0003c2d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 b.info, Node: t\n+0003c2e0: 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2075 6e73 rust, Next: uns\n+0003c2f0: 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 7275 652c et, Prev: true,\n+0003c300: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0003c310: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0003c320: 342e 3736 2074 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.76 trust.-----\n+0003c330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003c340: 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 7374 205b 2d2d mmand: trust [--\n+0003c350: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 7075 626b 6579 skip-sig] pubkey\n+0003c360: 5f66 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 _file. Read \n+0003c370: 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2066 726f 6d20 public key from \n+0003c380: 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 616e 6420 PUBKEY_FILE and \n+0003c390: 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2773 add it to GRUB's\n+0003c3a0: 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c20 6c69 7374 0a20 internal list. \n+0003c3b0: 2020 2020 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 of trusted p\n+0003c3c0: 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 ublic keys. The\n+0003c3d0: 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 se keys are used\n+0003c3e0: 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2064 6967 to validate dig\n+0003c3f0: 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 ital. signat\n+0003c400: 7572 6573 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f ures when enviro\n+0003c410: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n+0003c420: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n+0003c430: 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a es... is set to.\n+0003c440: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 ...enforce.\n+0003c450: 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 ... Note that i\n+0003c460: 6620 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 f ...check_signa\n+0003c470: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 tures... is set \n+0003c480: 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 to ...enforce...\n+0003c490: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 20e2 8098 7472 . when ...tr\n+0003c4a0: 7573 74e2 8099 2065 7865 6375 7465 732c ust... executes,\n+0003c4b0: 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c then PUBKEY_FIL\n+0003c4c0: 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c 6620 6265 E must itself be\n+0003c4d0: 2070 726f 7065 726c 790a 2020 2020 2073 properly. s\n+0003c4e0: 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d igned. The ...-\n+0003c4f0: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 -skip-sig... opt\n+0003c500: 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ion can be used \n+0003c510: 746f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 to disable. \n+0003c520: 7369 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 6563 6b69 signature-checki\n+0003c530: 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 ng when reading \n+0003c540: 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6974 7365 PUBKEY_FILE itse\n+0003c550: 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 lf. It is expec\n+0003c560: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 e280 ted. that ..\n+0003c570: 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2069 .--skip-sig... i\n+0003c580: 7320 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2074 6573 s useful for tes\n+0003c590: 7469 6e67 2061 6e64 206d 616e 7561 6c20 ting and manual \n+0003c5a0: 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a booting. *Note.\n+0003c5b0: 2020 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Using digit\n+0003c5c0: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c al signatures::,\n+0003c5d0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d for more inform\n+0003c5e0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n+0003c5f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003c600: 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : unset, Next: \n+0003c610: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c verify_detached,\n+0003c620: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 Prev: trust, \n+0003c630: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0003c640: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0003c650: 3737 2075 6e73 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 77 unset.-------\n+0003c660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003c670: 616e 643a 2075 6e73 6574 2065 6e76 7661 and: unset envva\n+0003c680: 720a 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2074 6865 r. Unset the\n+0003c690: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+0003c6a0: 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e0a 0a1f iable ENVVAR....\n+0003c6b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003c6c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 795f , Node: verify_\n+0003c6d0: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a detached, Next:\n+0003c6e0: 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 videoinfo, Pre\n+0003c6f0: 763a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: unset, Up: C\n+0003c700: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0003c710: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3820 7665 ands..17.4.78 ve\n+0003c720: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 640a 2d2d rify_detached.--\n 0003c730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003c740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003c750: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 mand: verify_det\n-0003c760: 6163 6865 6420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 ached [--skip-si\n-0003c770: 675d 2066 696c 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 g] file signatur\n-0003c780: 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e_file. \n-0003c790: 205b 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 655d 0a20 [pubkey_file]. \n-0003c7a0: 2020 2020 5665 7269 6669 6573 2061 2047 Verifies a G\n-0003c7b0: 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 PG-style detache\n-0003c7c0: 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 652c 2077 6865 d signature, whe\n-0003c7d0: 7265 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6669 re the signed fi\n-0003c7e0: 6c65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2046 494c 452c le is. FILE,\n-0003c7f0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 and the signatu\n-0003c800: 7265 2069 7473 656c 6620 6973 2069 6e20 re itself is in \n-0003c810: 6669 6c65 2053 4947 4e41 5455 5245 5f46 file SIGNATURE_F\n-0003c820: 494c 452e 0a20 2020 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e ILE.. Option\n-0003c830: 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 ally, a specific\n-0003c840: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 746f 2075 public key to u\n-0003c850: 7365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 se can be specif\n-0003c860: 6965 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2050 ied using. P\n-0003c870: 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 UBKEY_FILE. Whe\n-0003c880: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n-0003c890: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n-0003c8a0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 signatures... is\n-0003c8b0: 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 set. to ...\n-0003c8c0: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e enforce..., then\n-0003c8d0: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 PUBKEY_FILE mus\n-0003c8e0: 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 t itself be prop\n-0003c8f0: 6572 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 2061 erly signed by a\n-0003c900: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2d74 n. already-t\n-0003c910: 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 rusted key. An \n-0003c920: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 595f unsigned PUBKEY_\n-0003c930: 4649 4c45 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 FILE can be load\n-0003c940: 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 ed by. speci\n-0003c950: 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d fying ...--skip-\n-0003c960: 7369 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5055 424b sig.... If PUBK\n-0003c970: 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 EY_FILE is omitt\n-0003c980: 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7562 6c69 630a ed, then public.\n-0003c990: 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 keys from G\n-0003c9a0: 5255 4227 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 RUB's trusted ke\n-0003c9b0: 7973 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 ys (*note list_t\n-0003c9c0: 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 rusted::, *note \n-0003c9d0: 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e trust::,. an\n-0003c9e0: 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 d *note distrust\n-0003c9f0: 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 7472 6965 642e 0a0a ::) are tried...\n-0003ca00: 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 Exit code .\n-0003ca10: 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ..$?... is set t\n-0003ca20: 6f20 3020 6966 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 o 0 if the signa\n-0003ca30: 7475 7265 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 2073 ture validates s\n-0003ca40: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 0a20 2020 uccessfully.. \n-0003ca50: 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 If validation \n-0003ca60: 6661 696c 732c 2069 7420 6973 2073 6574 fails, it is set\n-0003ca70: 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2076 to a non-zero v\n-0003ca80: 616c 7565 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 alue. *Note Usi\n-0003ca90: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6769 7461 6c20 ng. digital \n-0003caa0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f signatures::, fo\n-0003cab0: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 r more informati\n-0003cac0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-0003cad0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 b.info, Node: v\n-0003cae0: 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6578 743a ideoinfo, Next:\n-0003caf0: 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 wrmsr, Prev: v\n-0003cb00: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 erify_detached, \n-0003cb10: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0003cb20: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0003cb30: 2e37 3920 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d .79 videoinfo.--\n-0003cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0003cb50: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7669 . -- Command: vi\n-0003cb60: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f20 5b5b 5778 485d 7844 deoinfo [[WxH]xD\n-0003cb70: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 ]. List avai\n-0003cb80: 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 lable video mode\n-0003cb90: 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f s. If resolutio\n-0003cba0: 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7368 6f77 n is given, show\n-0003cbb0: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 206d 6174 6368 only. match\n-0003cbc0: 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ing modes.....Fi\n-0003cbd0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003cbe0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 722c 2020 5072 Node: wrmsr, Pr\n-0003cbf0: 6576 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 ev: videoinfo, \n-0003cc00: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0003cc10: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0003cc20: 3830 2077 726d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 80 wrmsr.-------\n-0003cc30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003cc40: 616e 643a 3a20 7772 6d73 7220 3078 4144 and:: wrmsr 0xAD\n-0003cc50: 4452 2030 7856 414c 5545 0a20 2020 2020 DR 0xVALUE. \n-0003cc60: 5772 6974 6520 6120 3078 5641 4c55 4520 Write a 0xVALUE \n-0003cc70: 746f 2061 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 to a model-speci\n-0003cc80: 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 7420 fic register at \n-0003cc90: 6164 6472 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 2e0a address 0xADDR..\n-0003cca0: 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 . Please not\n-0003ccb0: 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 e that on SMP sy\n-0003ccc0: 7374 656d 732c 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2074 stems, writing t\n-0003ccd0: 6f20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 6173 o a MSR that has\n-0003cce0: 2061 2073 636f 7065 0a20 2020 2020 7065 a scope. pe\n-0003ccf0: 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 6561 r hardware threa\n-0003cd00: 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 7420 d, implies that \n-0003cd10: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2069 the value that i\n-0003cd20: 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 s written only. \n-0003cd30: 2020 2020 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 applies to t\n-0003cd40: 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 he particular cp\n-0003cd50: 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 u/core/thread th\n-0003cd60: 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d at runs the comm\n-0003cd70: 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c and... Also,\n-0003cd80: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 if you specify \n-0003cd90: 6120 7265 7365 7276 6564 206f 7220 756e a reserved or un\n-0003cda0: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 4d53 5220 implemented MSR \n-0003cdb0: 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 740a 2020 2020 address, it. \n-0003cdc0: 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7573 6520 6120 6765 will cause a ge\n-0003cdd0: 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e neral protection\n-0003cde0: 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 exception (whic\n-0003cdf0: 6820 6973 206e 6f74 2063 7572 7265 6e74 h is not current\n-0003ce00: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 6861 ly. being ha\n-0003ce10: 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 ndled) and the s\n-0003ce20: 7973 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f ystem will reboo\n-0003ce30: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 t... Note: T\n-0003ce40: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f he command is no\n-0003ce50: 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c t allowed when l\n-0003ce60: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 ockdown is enfor\n-0003ce70: 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ced (*note. \n-0003ce80: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 Lockdown::). Th\n-0003ce90: 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 is is done to pr\n-0003cea0: 6576 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 event subverting\n-0003ceb0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 various securit\n-0003cec0: 790a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d y. mechanism\n-0003ced0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0003cee0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 .info, Node: Ne\n-0003cef0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003cf00: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 556e 646f 6375 s, Next: Undocu\n-0003cf10: 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c mented commands,\n-0003cf20: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d Prev: Command-\n-0003cf30: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 line commands, \n-0003cf40: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 Up: Commands..17\n-0003cf50: 2e35 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f .5 Networking co\n-0003cf60: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mmands.=========\n-0003cf70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-0003cf80: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6e65 745f .* Menu:..* net_\n-0003cf90: 6164 645f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 add_addr:: \n-0003cfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 Add a \n-0003cfb0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6164 6472 6573 730a network address.\n-0003cfc0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a 3a20 * net_add_dns:: \n-0003cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003cfe0: 4164 6420 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 Add a DNS server\n-0003cff0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 .* net_add_route\n-0003d000: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0003d010: 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 Add routing ent\n-0003d020: 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a3a ry.* net_bootp::\n+0003c740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003c750: 6e64 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 nd: verify_detac\n+0003c760: 6865 6420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d hed [--skip-sig]\n+0003c770: 2066 696c 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 655f file signature_\n+0003c780: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b file. [\n+0003c790: 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 pubkey_file]. \n+0003c7a0: 2020 5665 7269 6669 6573 2061 2047 5047 Verifies a GPG\n+0003c7b0: 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 -style detached \n+0003c7c0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 652c 2077 6865 7265 signature, where\n+0003c7d0: 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6669 6c65 the signed file\n+0003c7e0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2046 494c 452c 2061 is. FILE, a\n+0003c7f0: 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 nd the signature\n+0003c800: 2069 7473 656c 6620 6973 2069 6e20 6669 itself is in fi\n+0003c810: 6c65 2053 4947 4e41 5455 5245 5f46 494c le SIGNATURE_FIL\n+0003c820: 452e 0a20 2020 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c E.. Optional\n+0003c830: 6c79 2c20 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 2070 ly, a specific p\n+0003c840: 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 746f 2075 7365 ublic key to use\n+0003c850: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n+0003c860: 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2050 5542 d using. PUB\n+0003c870: 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 KEY_FILE. When \n+0003c880: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0003c890: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 able ...check_si\n+0003c8a0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 gnatures... is s\n+0003c8b0: 6574 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 656e et. to ...en\n+0003c8c0: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2050 force..., then P\n+0003c8d0: 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 7420 UBKEY_FILE must \n+0003c8e0: 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6572 itself be proper\n+0003c8f0: 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 2061 6e0a ly signed by an.\n+0003c900: 2020 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2d74 7275 already-tru\n+0003c910: 7374 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 756e sted key. An un\n+0003c920: 7369 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 signed PUBKEY_FI\n+0003c930: 4c45 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 LE can be loaded\n+0003c940: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 by. specify\n+0003c950: 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 ing ...--skip-si\n+0003c960: 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5055 424b 4559 g.... If PUBKEY\n+0003c970: 5f46 494c 4520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 _FILE is omitted\n+0003c980: 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7562 6c69 630a 2020 , then public. \n+0003c990: 2020 206b 6579 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 keys from GRU\n+0003c9a0: 4227 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 B's trusted keys\n+0003c9b0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 (*note list_tru\n+0003c9c0: 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7472 sted::, *note tr\n+0003c9d0: 7573 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 ust::,. and \n+0003c9e0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a *note distrust::\n+0003c9f0: 2920 6172 6520 7472 6965 642e 0a0a 2020 ) are tried... \n+0003ca00: 2020 2045 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 Exit code ...\n+0003ca10: 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 $?... is set to \n+0003ca20: 3020 6966 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 0 if the signatu\n+0003ca30: 7265 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 2073 7563 re validates suc\n+0003ca40: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 cessfully.. \n+0003ca50: 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 If validation fa\n+0003ca60: 696c 732c 2069 7420 6973 2073 6574 2074 ils, it is set t\n+0003ca70: 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2076 616c o a non-zero val\n+0003ca80: 7565 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 ue. *Note Using\n+0003ca90: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 . digital si\n+0003caa0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 gnatures::, for \n+0003cab0: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n+0003cac0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003cad0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 info, Node: vid\n+0003cae0: 656f 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2077 eoinfo, Next: w\n+0003caf0: 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 6572 rmsr, Prev: ver\n+0003cb00: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2055 ify_detached, U\n+0003cb10: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0003cb20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n+0003cb30: 3920 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 9 videoinfo.----\n+0003cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003cb50: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7669 6465 -- Command: vide\n+0003cb60: 6f69 6e66 6f20 5b5b 5778 485d 7844 5d0a oinfo [[WxH]xD].\n+0003cb70: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 List availa\n+0003cb80: 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e ble video modes.\n+0003cb90: 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 If resolution \n+0003cba0: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7368 6f77 206f is given, show o\n+0003cbb0: 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 206d 6174 6368 696e nly. matchin\n+0003cbc0: 6720 6d6f 6465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 g modes.....File\n+0003cbd0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003cbe0: 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 de: wrmsr, Prev\n+0003cbf0: 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 : videoinfo, Up\n+0003cc00: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003cc10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3830 ommands..17.4.80\n+0003cc20: 2077 726d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d wrmsr.---------\n+0003cc30: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003cc40: 643a 3a20 7772 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 d:: wrmsr 0xADDR\n+0003cc50: 2030 7856 414c 5545 0a20 2020 2020 5772 0xVALUE. Wr\n+0003cc60: 6974 6520 6120 3078 5641 4c55 4520 746f ite a 0xVALUE to\n+0003cc70: 2061 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 a model-specifi\n+0003cc80: 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 7420 6164 c register at ad\n+0003cc90: 6472 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 2e0a 0a20 dress 0xADDR... \n+0003cca0: 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 6520 Please note \n+0003ccb0: 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 7374 that on SMP syst\n+0003ccc0: 656d 732c 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 ems, writing to \n+0003ccd0: 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 6173 2061 a MSR that has a\n+0003cce0: 2073 636f 7065 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7220 scope. per \n+0003ccf0: 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 6561 642c hardware thread,\n+0003cd00: 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 implies that th\n+0003cd10: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 e value that is \n+0003cd20: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 written only. \n+0003cd30: 2020 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 applies to the\n+0003cd40: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f particular cpu/\n+0003cd50: 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 core/thread that\n+0003cd60: 2072 756e 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e runs the comman\n+0003cd70: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 d... Also, i\n+0003cd80: 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 f you specify a \n+0003cd90: 7265 7365 7276 6564 206f 7220 756e 696d reserved or unim\n+0003cda0: 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 4d53 5220 6164 plemented MSR ad\n+0003cdb0: 6472 6573 732c 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 dress, it. w\n+0003cdc0: 696c 6c20 6361 7573 6520 6120 6765 6e65 ill cause a gene\n+0003cdd0: 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 ral protection e\n+0003cde0: 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 6820 xception (which \n+0003cdf0: 6973 206e 6f74 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 is not currently\n+0003ce00: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 6861 6e64 . being hand\n+0003ce10: 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 7973 led) and the sys\n+0003ce20: 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f 742e tem will reboot.\n+0003ce30: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 .. Note: The\n+0003ce40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 command is not \n+0003ce50: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 allowed when loc\n+0003ce60: 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 kdown is enforce\n+0003ce70: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f d (*note. Lo\n+0003ce80: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 ckdown::). This\n+0003ce90: 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 6576 is done to prev\n+0003cea0: 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 2076 ent subverting v\n+0003ceb0: 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 790a arious security.\n+0003cec0: 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 732e mechanisms.\n+0003ced0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003cee0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 nfo, Node: Netw\n+0003cef0: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c orking commands,\n+0003cf00: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 Next: Undocume\n+0003cf10: 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 nted commands, \n+0003cf20: 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Prev: Command-li\n+0003cf30: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 ne commands, Up\n+0003cf40: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 : Commands..17.5\n+0003cf50: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0003cf60: 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ands.===========\n+0003cf70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a2a =============..*\n+0003cf80: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 Menu:..* net_ad\n+0003cf90: 645f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_addr:: \n+0003cfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 6e65 Add a ne\n+0003cfb0: 7477 6f72 6b20 6164 6472 6573 730a 2a20 twork address.* \n+0003cfc0: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 net_add_dns:: \n+0003cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 Ad\n+0003cfe0: 6420 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a d a DNS server.*\n+0003cff0: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a net_add_route::\n+0003d000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 A\n+0003d010: 6464 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 dd routing entry\n+0003d020: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a3a 2020 .* net_bootp:: \n 0003d030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d040: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2062 6f6f Perform a boo\n-0003d050: 7470 2f44 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 tp/DHCP autoconf\n-0003d060: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f iguration.* net_\n-0003d070: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 del_addr:: \n-0003d080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 Remove\n-0003d090: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6672 6f6d IP address from\n-0003d0a0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 206e 6574 interface.* net\n-0003d0b0: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 _del_dns:: \n-0003d0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 Remov\n-0003d0d0: 6520 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a e a DNS server.*\n-0003d0e0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a net_del_route::\n-0003d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n-0003d100: 656d 6f76 6520 6120 726f 7574 6520 656e emove a route en\n-0003d110: 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a try.* net_dhcp::\n+0003d040: 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2062 6f6f 7470 Perform a bootp\n+0003d050: 2f44 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 /DHCP autoconfig\n+0003d060: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 uration.* net_de\n+0003d070: 6c5f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_addr:: \n+0003d080: 2020 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6520 4448 Retrieve DH\n-0003d180: 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a2a 206e 6574 CP options.* net\n-0003d190: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 3a3a _ipv6_autoconf::\n-0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f Perfo\n-0003d1b0: 726d 2049 5076 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 rm IPv6 autoconf\n-0003d1c0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f iguration.* net_\n-0003d1d0: 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ls_addr:: \n-0003d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2069 List i\n-0003d1f0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 730a 2a20 6e65 745f nterfaces.* net_\n-0003d200: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 ls_cards:: \n-0003d210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206e List n\n-0003d220: 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 0a2a 206e etwork cards.* n\n-0003d230: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 et_ls_dns:: \n-0003d240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 Lis\n-0003d250: 7420 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 730a 2a20 t DNS servers.* \n-0003d260: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 733a 3a20 net_ls_routes:: \n-0003d270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 Li\n-0003d280: 7374 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 st routing entri\n-0003d290: 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 es.* net_nslooku\n-0003d2a0: 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p:: \n-0003d2b0: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 4e53 Perform a DNS\n-0003d2c0: 206c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2a20 6e65 745f 7365 lookup.* net_se\n-0003d2d0: 745f 766c 616e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_vlan:: \n-0003d2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 766c 616e Set vlan\n-0003d2f0: 2069 6420 6f6e 2061 6e20 696e 7465 7266 id on an interf\n-0003d300: 6163 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ace....File: gru\n-0003d310: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003d320: 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 et_add_addr, Ne\n-0003d330: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c xt: net_add_dns,\n-0003d340: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-0003d350: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n-0003d360: 3120 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 0a2d 1 net_add_addr.-\n+0003d130: 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 4448 4350 Perform a DHCP\n+0003d140: 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 autoconfigurati\n+0003d150: 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 on.* net_get_dhc\n+0003d160: 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 p_option:: \n+0003d170: 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 4448 4350 Retrieve DHCP\n+0003d180: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 options.* net_i\n+0003d190: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 3a3a 2020 pv6_autoconf:: \n+0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d Perform\n+0003d1b0: 2049 5076 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 IPv6 autoconfig\n+0003d1c0: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 uration.* net_ls\n+0003d1d0: 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _addr:: \n+0003d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2069 6e74 List int\n+0003d1f0: 6572 6661 6365 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 erfaces.* net_ls\n+0003d200: 5f63 6172 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _cards:: \n+0003d210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206e 6574 List net\n+0003d220: 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 0a2a 206e 6574 work cards.* net\n+0003d230: 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _ls_dns:: \n+0003d240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n+0003d250: 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 730a 2a20 6e65 DNS servers.* ne\n+0003d260: 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 733a 3a20 2020 t_ls_routes:: \n+0003d270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+0003d280: 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 routing entries\n+0003d290: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a .* net_nslookup:\n+0003d2a0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0003d2b0: 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 4e53 206c Perform a DNS l\n+0003d2c0: 6f6f 6b75 700a 2a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f ookup.* net_set_\n+0003d2d0: 766c 616e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 vlan:: \n+0003d2e0: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 766c 616e 2069 Set vlan i\n+0003d2f0: 6420 6f6e 2061 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 d on an interfac\n+0003d300: 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e e....File: grub.\n+0003d310: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003d320: 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 _add_addr, Next\n+0003d330: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 : net_add_dns, \n+0003d340: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+0003d350: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3120 ommands..17.5.1 \n+0003d360: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d net_add_addr.---\n 0003d370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003d380: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003d390: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 7220 494e net_add_addr IN\n-0003d3a0: 5445 5246 4143 4520 4341 5244 2041 4444 TERFACE CARD ADD\n-0003d3b0: 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e66 6967 RESS. Config\n-0003d3c0: 7572 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206e ure additional n\n-0003d3d0: 6574 776f 726b 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 etwork INTERFACE\n-0003d3e0: 2077 6974 6820 4144 4452 4553 5320 6f6e with ADDRESS on\n-0003d3f0: 2061 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 a network. \n-0003d400: 4341 5244 2e20 2041 4444 5245 5353 2063 CARD. ADDRESS c\n-0003d410: 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2049 5020 an be either IP \n-0003d420: 696e 2064 6f74 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 in dotted decima\n-0003d430: 6c20 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 0a20 l notation, or. \n-0003d440: 2020 2020 7379 6d62 6f6c 6963 206e 616d symbolic nam\n-0003d450: 6520 7768 6963 6820 6973 2072 6573 6f6c e which is resol\n-0003d460: 7665 6420 7573 696e 6720 444e 5320 6c6f ved using DNS lo\n-0003d470: 6f6b 7570 2e20 2049 6620 7375 6363 6573 okup. If succes\n-0003d480: 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 sful,. this \n-0003d490: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6464 command also add\n-0003d4a0: 7320 6c6f 6361 6c20 6c69 6e6b 2072 6f75 s local link rou\n-0003d4b0: 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6f20 7468 ting entry to th\n-0003d4c0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2073 e default. s\n-0003d4d0: 7562 6e65 7420 6f66 2041 4444 5245 5353 ubnet of ADDRESS\n-0003d4e0: 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2049 4e54 4552 with name INTER\n-0003d4f0: 4641 4345 e280 983a 6c6f 6361 6ce2 8099 FACE...:local...\n-0003d500: 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2e0a via INTERFACE..\n-0003d510: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003d520: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 fo, Node: net_a\n-0003d530: 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e dd_dns, Next: n\n-0003d540: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 et_add_route, P\n-0003d550: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 rev: net_add_add\n-0003d560: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 r, Up: Networki\n-0003d570: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n-0003d580: 352e 3220 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 730a 5.2 net_add_dns.\n+0003d380: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n+0003d390: 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 et_add_addr INTE\n+0003d3a0: 5246 4143 4520 4341 5244 2041 4444 5245 RFACE CARD ADDRE\n+0003d3b0: 5353 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 SS. Configur\n+0003d3c0: 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206e 6574 e additional net\n+0003d3d0: 776f 726b 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2077 work INTERFACE w\n+0003d3e0: 6974 6820 4144 4452 4553 5320 6f6e 2061 ith ADDRESS on a\n+0003d3f0: 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 4341 network. CA\n+0003d400: 5244 2e20 2041 4444 5245 5353 2063 616e RD. ADDRESS can\n+0003d410: 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2049 5020 696e be either IP in\n+0003d420: 2064 6f74 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 dotted decimal \n+0003d430: 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 notation, or. \n+0003d440: 2020 7379 6d62 6f6c 6963 206e 616d 6520 symbolic name \n+0003d450: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2072 6573 6f6c 7665 which is resolve\n+0003d460: 6420 7573 696e 6720 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b d using DNS look\n+0003d470: 7570 2e20 2049 6620 7375 6363 6573 7366 up. If successf\n+0003d480: 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 636f ul,. this co\n+0003d490: 6d6d 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6464 7320 mmand also adds \n+0003d4a0: 6c6f 6361 6c20 6c69 6e6b 2072 6f75 7469 local link routi\n+0003d4b0: 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ng entry to the \n+0003d4c0: 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2073 7562 default. sub\n+0003d4d0: 6e65 7420 6f66 2041 4444 5245 5353 2077 net of ADDRESS w\n+0003d4e0: 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2049 4e54 4552 4641 ith name INTERFA\n+0003d4f0: 4345 e280 983a 6c6f 6361 6ce2 8099 2076 CE...:local... v\n+0003d500: 6961 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2e0a 0a1f ia INTERFACE....\n+0003d510: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003d520: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 , Node: net_add\n+0003d530: 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 _dns, Next: net\n+0003d540: 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 _add_route, Pre\n+0003d550: 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c v: net_add_addr,\n+0003d560: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003d570: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003d580: 3220 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 730a 2d2d 2 net_add_dns.--\n 0003d590: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003d5a0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003d5b0: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2053 4552 net_add_dns SER\n-0003d5c0: 5645 520a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 VER. Resolve\n-0003d5d0: 2053 4552 5645 5220 4950 2061 6464 7265 SERVER IP addre\n-0003d5e0: 7373 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2074 6f20 7468 ss and add to th\n-0003d5f0: 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 e list of DNS se\n-0003d600: 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 rvers used. \n-0003d610: 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b during name look\n-0003d620: 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 up.....File: gru\n-0003d630: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003d640: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e et_add_route, N\n-0003d650: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 ext: net_bootp, \n-0003d660: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 Prev: net_add_d\n-0003d670: 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b ns, Up: Network\n-0003d680: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n-0003d690: 2e35 2e33 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 .5.3 net_add_rou\n-0003d6a0: 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d te.-------------\n-0003d6b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003d6c0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f mand: net_add_ro\n-0003d6d0: 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 4950 ute SHORTNAME IP\n-0003d6e0: 5b2f 5052 4546 4958 5d20 5b49 4e54 4552 [/PREFIX] [INTER\n-0003d6f0: 4641 4345 207c 2067 770a 2020 2020 2020 FACE | gw. \n-0003d700: 2020 2020 4741 5445 5741 595d 0a20 2020 GATEWAY]. \n-0003d710: 2020 4164 6420 726f 7574 6520 746f 206e Add route to n\n-0003d720: 6574 776f 726b 2077 6974 6820 6164 6472 etwork with addr\n-0003d730: 6573 7320 4950 2061 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 ess IP as modifi\n-0003d740: 6564 2062 7920 5052 4546 4958 2076 6961 ed by PREFIX via\n-0003d750: 0a20 2020 2020 6569 7468 6572 206c 6f63 . either loc\n-0003d760: 616c 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 206f 7220 al INTERFACE or \n-0003d770: 4741 5445 5741 592e 2020 5052 4546 4958 GATEWAY. PREFIX\n-0003d780: 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 is optional and\n-0003d790: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 defaults. t\n-0003d7a0: 6f20 3332 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3420 6164 o 32 for IPv4 ad\n-0003d7b0: 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 3132 3820 666f dress and 128 fo\n-0003d7c0: 7220 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 r IPv6 address. \n-0003d7d0: 2052 6f75 7465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2069 Route is. i\n-0003d7e0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f dentified by SHO\n-0003d7f0: 5254 4e41 4d45 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e RTNAME which can\n-0003d800: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f be used to remo\n-0003d810: 7665 2069 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 ve it (*note. \n-0003d820: 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a net_del_route:\n-0003d830: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-0003d840: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003d850: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 204e 6578 743a et_bootp, Next:\n-0003d860: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 net_del_addr, \n-0003d870: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f Prev: net_add_ro\n-0003d880: 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ute, Up: Networ\n-0003d890: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n-0003d8a0: 372e 352e 3420 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 700a 7.5.4 net_bootp.\n-0003d8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003d8c0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003d8d0: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 205b 4341 5244 5d0a et_bootp [CARD].\n-0003d8e0: 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 206e Alias for n\n-0003d8f0: 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d et_dhcp, for com\n-0003d900: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 6820 patibility with \n-0003d910: 6f6c 6465 7220 4772 7562 2076 6572 7369 older Grub versi\n-0003d920: 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5769 6c6c 2070 ons.. Will p\n-0003d930: 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 erform the same \n-0003d940: 4448 4350 2068 616e 6473 6861 6b65 2077 DHCP handshake w\n-0003d950: 6974 6820 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6661 ith potential fa\n-0003d960: 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2042 llback to. B\n-0003d970: 4f4f 5450 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 745f OOTP as the net_\n-0003d980: 6468 6370 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e dhcp command (*n\n-0003d990: 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 292e ote net_dhcp::).\n-0003d9a0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003d9b0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003d9c0: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a del_addr, Next:\n-0003d9d0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 net_del_dns, P\n-0003d9e0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 rev: net_bootp, \n-0003d9f0: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-0003da00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e35 commands..17.5.5\n-0003da10: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d net_del_addr.--\n-0003da20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003da30: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003da40: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2049 4e54 net_del_addr INT\n-0003da50: 4552 4641 4345 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f ERFACE. Remo\n-0003da60: 7665 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 494e ve configured IN\n-0003da70: 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 2061 7373 TERFACE with ass\n-0003da80: 6f63 6961 7465 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e ociated address.\n-0003da90: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003daa0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003dab0: 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 del_dns, Next: \n-0003dac0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 net_del_route, \n-0003dad0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 Prev: net_del_ad\n-0003dae0: 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b dr, Up: Network\n-0003daf0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n-0003db00: 2e35 2e36 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 .5.6 net_del_dns\n-0003db10: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0003db20: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003db30: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 7320 4144 : net_del_dns AD\n-0003db40: 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 DRESS. Remov\n-0003db50: 6520 4144 4452 4553 5320 6672 6f6d 206c e ADDRESS from l\n-0003db60: 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 ist of servers u\n-0003db70: 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 sed during name \n-0003db80: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a lookup.....File:\n-0003db90: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003dba0: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 e: net_del_route\n-0003dbb0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 , Next: net_dhc\n-0003dbc0: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 p, Prev: net_de\n-0003dbd0: 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 l_dns, Up: Netw\n-0003dbe0: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003dbf0: 0a31 372e 352e 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f .17.5.7 net_del_\n-0003dc00: 726f 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d route.----------\n-0003dc10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003dc20: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c Command: net_del\n-0003dc30: 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 _route SHORTNAME\n-0003dc40: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2072 6f75 . Remove rou\n-0003dc50: 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6465 6e74 6966 te entry identif\n-0003dc60: 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 ied by SHORTNAME\n-0003dc70: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003dc80: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-0003dc90: 5f64 6863 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 _dhcp, Next: ne\n-0003dca0: 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f t_get_dhcp_optio\n-0003dcb0: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 n, Prev: net_de\n-0003dcc0: 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 l_route, Up: Ne\n-0003dcd0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003dce0: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3820 6e65 745f 6468 s..17.5.8 net_dh\n-0003dcf0: 6370 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cp.-------------\n-0003dd00: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003dd10: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 5b43 4152 445d net_dhcp [CARD]\n-0003dd20: 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 636f . Perform co\n-0003dd30: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2043 nfiguration of C\n-0003dd40: 4152 4420 7573 696e 6720 4448 4350 2070 ARD using DHCP p\n-0003dd50: 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 rotocol. If no \n-0003dd60: 6361 7264 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2069 card name. i\n-0003dd70: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 7279 s specified, try\n-0003dd80: 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 616c to configure al\n-0003dd90: 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 l existing cards\n-0003dda0: 2e20 2046 616c 6c73 2062 6163 6b20 746f . Falls back to\n-0003ddb0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 424f 4f54 5020 . the BOOTP \n-0003ddc0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 6966 206e 6565 protocol, if nee\n-0003ddd0: 6465 642e 2020 4966 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ded. If configu\n-0003dde0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 7563 6365 ration was succe\n-0003ddf0: 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 ssful,. inte\n-0003de00: 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 rface with name \n-0003de10: 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 9920 CARD...:dhcp... \n-0003de20: 616e 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2061 and configured a\n-0003de30: 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 ddress is added \n-0003de40: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 to. CARD. A\n-0003de50: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7468 6520 dditionally the \n-0003de60: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 4448 4350 206f following DHCP o\n-0003de70: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 ptions are recog\n-0003de80: 6e69 7a65 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 nized and. p\n-0003de90: 726f 6365 7373 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 rocessed:.. \n-0003dea0: e280 9831 2028 5375 626e 6574 204d 6173 ...1 (Subnet Mas\n-0003deb0: 6b29 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 k).... \n-0003dec0: 5573 6564 2074 6f20 6361 6c63 756c 6174 Used to calculat\n-0003ded0: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 e network local \n-0003dee0: 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 666f routing entry fo\n-0003def0: 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2020 2020 r interface. \n-0003df00: 2020 2020 2020 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 CARD...:dh\n-0003df10: 6370 e280 992e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9833 cp..... ...3\n-0003df20: 2028 526f 7574 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 (Router).... \n-0003df30: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 7320 6465 6661 Adds defa\n-0003df40: 756c 7420 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 7920 ult route entry \n-0003df50: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 4341 with the name CA\n-0003df60: 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 3a64 6566 6175 RD...:dhcp:defau\n-0003df70: 6c74 e280 9920 7669 610a 2020 2020 2020 lt... via. \n-0003df80: 2020 2020 6761 7465 7761 7920 6672 6f6d gateway from\n-0003df90: 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 204e DHCP option. N\n-0003dfa0: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 6f70 ote that only op\n-0003dfb0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7369 6e67 6c65 tion with single\n-0003dfc0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6f75 7465 . route\n-0003dfd0: 2069 7320 6163 6365 7074 6564 2e0a 2020 is accepted.. \n-0003dfe0: 2020 20e2 8098 3620 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 ...6 (Domain \n-0003dff0: 4e61 6d65 2053 6572 7665 7229 e280 990a Name Server)....\n-0003e000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 2061 Adds a\n-0003e010: 6c6c 2073 6572 7665 7273 2066 726f 6d20 ll servers from \n-0003e020: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 option value to \n-0003e030: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 the list of serv\n-0003e040: 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ers used. \n-0003e050: 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 2072 during name r\n-0003e060: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 esolution.. \n-0003e070: e280 9831 3220 2848 6f73 7420 4e61 6d65 ...12 (Host Name\n-0003e080: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ).... S\n-0003e090: 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ets environment \n-0003e0a0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f variable ...net_\n-0003e0b0: e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 ......_dhc\n-0003e0c0: 705f 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 9920 282a p_hostname... (*\n-0003e0d0: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e note. n\n-0003e0e0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n-0003e0f0: 6f73 746e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 ostname::) to th\n-0003e100: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f e value of optio\n-0003e110: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3520 2844 n.. ...15 (D\n-0003e120: 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 omain Name).... \n-0003e130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e Sets en\n-0003e140: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0003e150: 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 le ...net_......_dhcp_doma\n-0003e170: 696e e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 in... (*note. \n-0003e180: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 net__domain::)\n-0003e1a0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 to the value of\n-0003e1b0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 option.. ..\n-0003e1c0: 9831 3720 2852 6f6f 7420 5061 7468 29e2 .17 (Root Path).\n-0003e1d0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 ... Set\n-0003e1e0: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n-0003e1f0: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 riable ...net_..\n-0003e200: 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f ...._dhcp_\n-0003e210: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 e280 9920 282a 6e6f rootpath... (*no\n-0003e220: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 te. net\n-0003e230: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f __roo\n-0003e240: 7470 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 tpath::) to the \n-0003e250: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e value of option.\n-0003e260: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3820 2845 7874 . ...18 (Ext\n-0003e270: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 5061 7468 29e2 8099 ensions Path)...\n-0003e280: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 . Sets \n-0003e290: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0003e2a0: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c able ...net_...<\n-0003e2b0: 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f 6578 CARD>..._dhcp_ex\n-0003e2c0: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 e280 990a tensionspath....\n-0003e2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 (*note\n-0003e2e0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-0003e2f0: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 683a _extensionspath:\n-0003e300: 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 :) to the value \n-0003e310: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 of. opt\n-0003e320: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 3620 ion.. ...66 \n-0003e330: 2854 4654 5020 5365 7276 6572 204e 616d (TFTP Server Nam\n-0003e340: 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e).... \n-0003e350: 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Sets environment\n-0003e360: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 variable ...net\n-0003e370: 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 _......_dh\n-0003e380: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 cp_server_name..\n-0003e390: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f .. (*no\n-0003e3a0: 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 te net__dhcp_server_n\n-0003e3c0: 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 ame::) to the va\n-0003e3d0: 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lue of. \n-0003e3e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 option.. ..\n-0003e3f0: 9836 3720 2846 696c 656e 616d 6529 e280 .67 (Filename)..\n-0003e400: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 .. Sets\n-0003e410: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0003e420: 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 iable ...net_...\n-0003e430: 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 626f 6f74 5f66 ..._boot_f\n-0003e440: 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ile... (*note. \n-0003e450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 net__boot_fil\n-0003e470: 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 e::) to the valu\n-0003e480: 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a e of option.....\n-0003e490: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003e4a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f Node: net_get_\n-0003e4b0: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 dhcp_option, Ne\n-0003e4c0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 xt: net_ipv6_aut\n-0003e4d0: 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 oconf, Prev: ne\n-0003e4e0: 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 t_dhcp, Up: Net\n-0003e4f0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-0003e500: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e39 206e 6574 5f67 6574 ..17.5.9 net_get\n-0003e510: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d _dhcp_option.---\n+0003d5a0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n+0003d5b0: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2053 4552 5645 et_add_dns SERVE\n+0003d5c0: 520a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2053 R. Resolve S\n+0003d5d0: 4552 5645 5220 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 ERVER IP address\n+0003d5e0: 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2074 6f20 7468 6520 and add to the \n+0003d5f0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 7276 list of DNS serv\n+0003d600: 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6475 ers used. du\n+0003d610: 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 ring name lookup\n+0003d620: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003d630: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003d640: 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e 6578 _add_route, Nex\n+0003d650: 743a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2050 t: net_bootp, P\n+0003d660: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 rev: net_add_dns\n+0003d670: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003d680: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003d690: 2e33 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 .3 net_add_route\n+0003d6a0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003d6b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003d6c0: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 nd: net_add_rout\n+0003d6d0: 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 4950 5b2f e SHORTNAME IP[/\n+0003d6e0: 5052 4546 4958 5d20 5b49 4e54 4552 4641 PREFIX] [INTERFA\n+0003d6f0: 4345 207c 2067 770a 2020 2020 2020 2020 CE | gw. \n+0003d700: 2020 4741 5445 5741 595d 0a20 2020 2020 GATEWAY]. \n+0003d710: 4164 6420 726f 7574 6520 746f 206e 6574 Add route to net\n+0003d720: 776f 726b 2077 6974 6820 6164 6472 6573 work with addres\n+0003d730: 7320 4950 2061 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 s IP as modified\n+0003d740: 2062 7920 5052 4546 4958 2076 6961 0a20 by PREFIX via. \n+0003d750: 2020 2020 6569 7468 6572 206c 6f63 616c either local\n+0003d760: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 206f 7220 4741 INTERFACE or GA\n+0003d770: 5445 5741 592e 2020 5052 4546 4958 2069 TEWAY. PREFIX i\n+0003d780: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2064 s optional and d\n+0003d790: 6566 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 efaults. to \n+0003d7a0: 3332 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3420 6164 6472 32 for IPv4 addr\n+0003d7b0: 6573 7320 616e 6420 3132 3820 666f 7220 ess and 128 for \n+0003d7c0: 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 IPv6 address. R\n+0003d7d0: 6f75 7465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2069 6465 oute is. ide\n+0003d7e0: 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 ntified by SHORT\n+0003d7f0: 4e41 4d45 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 NAME which can b\n+0003d800: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 e used to remove\n+0003d810: 2069 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 it (*note. \n+0003d820: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a29 net_del_route::)\n+0003d830: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003d840: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003d850: 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e _bootp, Next: n\n+0003d860: 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5072 et_del_addr, Pr\n+0003d870: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 ev: net_add_rout\n+0003d880: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 e, Up: Networki\n+0003d890: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n+0003d8a0: 352e 3420 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 700a 2d2d 5.4 net_bootp.--\n+0003d8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003d8c0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003d8d0: 5f62 6f6f 7470 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 _bootp [CARD]. \n+0003d8e0: 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 206e 6574 Alias for net\n+0003d8f0: 5f64 6863 702c 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 _dhcp, for compa\n+0003d900: 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 6820 6f6c tibility with ol\n+0003d910: 6465 7220 4772 7562 2076 6572 7369 6f6e der Grub version\n+0003d920: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5769 6c6c 2070 6572 s.. Will per\n+0003d930: 666f 726d 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 4448 form the same DH\n+0003d940: 4350 2068 616e 6473 6861 6b65 2077 6974 CP handshake wit\n+0003d950: 6820 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6661 6c6c h potential fall\n+0003d960: 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2042 4f4f back to. BOO\n+0003d970: 5450 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 745f 6468 TP as the net_dh\n+0003d980: 6370 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 cp command (*not\n+0003d990: 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 292e 0a0a e net_dhcp::)...\n+0003d9a0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003d9b0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 o, Node: net_de\n+0003d9c0: 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e l_addr, Next: n\n+0003d9d0: 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 et_del_dns, Pre\n+0003d9e0: 763a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2055 v: net_bootp, U\n+0003d9f0: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n+0003da00: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e35 206e mmands..17.5.5 n\n+0003da10: 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d et_del_addr.----\n+0003da20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003da30: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003da40: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2049 4e54 4552 t_del_addr INTER\n+0003da50: 4641 4345 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 FACE. Remove\n+0003da60: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 494e 5445 configured INTE\n+0003da70: 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 2061 7373 6f63 RFACE with assoc\n+0003da80: 6961 7465 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a iated address...\n+0003da90: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003daa0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 o, Node: net_de\n+0003dab0: 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 l_dns, Next: ne\n+0003dac0: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 t_del_route, Pr\n+0003dad0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 ev: net_del_addr\n+0003dae0: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003daf0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003db00: 2e36 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 0a2d .6 net_del_dns.-\n+0003db10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003db20: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003db30: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 7320 4144 4452 net_del_dns ADDR\n+0003db40: 4553 530a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 ESS. Remove \n+0003db50: 4144 4452 4553 5320 6672 6f6d 206c 6973 ADDRESS from lis\n+0003db60: 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 t of servers use\n+0003db70: 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f d during name lo\n+0003db80: 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 okup.....File: g\n+0003db90: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003dba0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 net_del_route, \n+0003dbb0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c Next: net_dhcp,\n+0003dbc0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Prev: net_del_\n+0003dbd0: 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 dns, Up: Networ\n+0003dbe0: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003dbf0: 372e 352e 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7.5.7 net_del_ro\n+0003dc00: 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ute.------------\n+0003dc10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003dc20: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 mmand: net_del_r\n+0003dc30: 6f75 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 0a20 oute SHORTNAME. \n+0003dc40: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2072 6f75 7465 Remove route\n+0003dc50: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 entry identifie\n+0003dc60: 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2e0a d by SHORTNAME..\n+0003dc70: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003dc80: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n+0003dc90: 6863 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f hcp, Next: net_\n+0003dca0: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c get_dhcp_option,\n+0003dcb0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Prev: net_del_\n+0003dcc0: 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 route, Up: Netw\n+0003dcd0: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n+0003dce0: 0a31 372e 352e 3820 6e65 745f 6468 6370 .17.5.8 net_dhcp\n+0003dcf0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003dd00: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n+0003dd10: 6574 5f64 6863 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 et_dhcp [CARD]. \n+0003dd20: 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 636f 6e66 Perform conf\n+0003dd30: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2043 4152 iguration of CAR\n+0003dd40: 4420 7573 696e 6720 4448 4350 2070 726f D using DHCP pro\n+0003dd50: 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 tocol. If no ca\n+0003dd60: 7264 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2069 7320 rd name. is \n+0003dd70: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 7279 2074 specified, try t\n+0003dd80: 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 616c 6c20 o configure all \n+0003dd90: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 2e20 existing cards. \n+0003dda0: 2046 616c 6c73 2062 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 Falls back to. \n+0003ddb0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 424f 4f54 5020 7072 the BOOTP pr\n+0003ddc0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 6966 206e 6565 6465 otocol, if neede\n+0003ddd0: 642e 2020 4966 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 d. If configura\n+0003dde0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 7563 6365 7373 tion was success\n+0003ddf0: 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7266 ful,. interf\n+0003de00: 6163 6520 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 4341 ace with name CA\n+0003de10: 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 9920 616e RD...:dhcp... an\n+0003de20: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2061 6464 d configured add\n+0003de30: 7265 7373 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f ress is added to\n+0003de40: 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 6464 . CARD. Add\n+0003de50: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7468 6520 666f itionally the fo\n+0003de60: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 4448 4350 206f 7074 llowing DHCP opt\n+0003de70: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 ions are recogni\n+0003de80: 7a65 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 726f zed and. pro\n+0003de90: 6365 7373 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 cessed:.. ..\n+0003dea0: 9831 2028 5375 626e 6574 204d 6173 6b29 .1 (Subnet Mask)\n+0003deb0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 .... Us\n+0003dec0: 6564 2074 6f20 6361 6c63 756c 6174 6520 ed to calculate \n+0003ded0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 726f network local ro\n+0003dee0: 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 uting entry for \n+0003def0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2020 2020 2020 interface. \n+0003df00: 2020 2020 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 CARD...:dhcp\n+0003df10: e280 992e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9833 2028 ..... ...3 (\n+0003df20: 526f 7574 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 Router).... \n+0003df30: 2020 2020 2041 6464 7320 6465 6661 756c Adds defaul\n+0003df40: 7420 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 7920 7769 t route entry wi\n+0003df50: 7468 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 th the name CARD\n+0003df60: e280 983a 6468 6370 3a64 6566 6175 6c74 ...:dhcp:default\n+0003df70: e280 9920 7669 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ... via. \n+0003df80: 2020 6761 7465 7761 7920 6672 6f6d 2044 gateway from D\n+0003df90: 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 204e 6f74 HCP option. Not\n+0003dfa0: 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 6f70 7469 e that only opti\n+0003dfb0: 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 on with single. \n+0003dfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6f75 7465 2069 route i\n+0003dfd0: 7320 6163 6365 7074 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 s accepted.. \n+0003dfe0: 20e2 8098 3620 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 ...6 (Domain Na\n+0003dff0: 6d65 2053 6572 7665 7229 e280 990a 2020 me Server).... \n+0003e000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 2061 6c6c Adds all\n+0003e010: 2073 6572 7665 7273 2066 726f 6d20 6f70 servers from op\n+0003e020: 7469 6f6e 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 7468 tion value to th\n+0003e030: 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 e list of server\n+0003e040: 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 s used. \n+0003e050: 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 during name res\n+0003e060: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 olution.. ..\n+0003e070: 9831 3220 2848 6f73 7420 4e61 6d65 29e2 .12 (Host Name).\n+0003e080: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 ... Set\n+0003e090: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n+0003e0a0: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 riable ...net_..\n+0003e0b0: 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f ...._dhcp_\n+0003e0c0: 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f hostname... (*no\n+0003e0d0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 te. net\n+0003e0e0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n+0003e0f0: 746e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 tname::) to the \n+0003e100: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e value of option.\n+0003e110: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3520 2844 6f6d . ...15 (Dom\n+0003e120: 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 ain Name).... \n+0003e130: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 Sets envi\n+0003e140: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0003e150: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 ...net_......_dhcp_domain\n+0003e170: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ... (*note. \n+0003e180: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 net__domain::) t\n+0003e1a0: 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f o the value of o\n+0003e1b0: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 ption.. ...1\n+0003e1c0: 3720 2852 6f6f 7420 5061 7468 29e2 8099 7 (Root Path)...\n+0003e1d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 . Sets \n+0003e1e0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0003e1f0: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c able ...net_...<\n+0003e200: 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f 726f CARD>..._dhcp_ro\n+0003e210: 6f74 7061 7468 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 otpath... (*note\n+0003e220: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c . net_<\n+0003e230: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f 7470 INTERFACE>_rootp\n+0003e240: 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 ath::) to the va\n+0003e250: 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 lue of option.. \n+0003e260: 2020 2020 e280 9831 3820 2845 7874 656e ...18 (Exten\n+0003e270: 7369 6f6e 7320 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 sions Path).... \n+0003e280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e Sets en\n+0003e290: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0003e2a0: 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 le ...net_......_dhcp_exte\n+0003e2c0: 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 nsionspath.... \n+0003e2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e (*note n\n+0003e2e0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 et__e\n+0003e2f0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 683a 3a29 xtensionspath::)\n+0003e300: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 to the value of\n+0003e310: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f . optio\n+0003e320: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 3620 2854 n.. ...66 (T\n+0003e330: 4654 5020 5365 7276 6572 204e 616d 6529 FTP Server Name)\n+0003e340: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n+0003e350: 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ts environment v\n+0003e360: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 ariable ...net_.\n+0003e370: 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 6370 ....._dhcp\n+0003e380: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a _server_name....\n+0003e390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 (*note\n+0003e3a0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+0003e3b0: 5f64 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d _dhcp_server_nam\n+0003e3c0: 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 e::) to the valu\n+0003e3d0: 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f e of. o\n+0003e3e0: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 ption.. ...6\n+0003e3f0: 3720 2846 696c 656e 616d 6529 e280 990a 7 (Filename)....\n+0003e400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 Sets e\n+0003e410: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0003e420: 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 ble ...net_......_boot_fil\n+0003e440: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 e... (*note. \n+0003e450: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 net__boot_file:\n+0003e470: 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 :) to the value \n+0003e480: 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 of option.....Fi\n+0003e490: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003e4a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 Node: net_get_dh\n+0003e4b0: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 cp_option, Next\n+0003e4c0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 : net_ipv6_autoc\n+0003e4d0: 6f6e 662c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f onf, Prev: net_\n+0003e4e0: 6468 6370 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f dhcp, Up: Netwo\n+0003e4f0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+0003e500: 3137 2e35 2e39 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 17.5.9 net_get_d\n+0003e510: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d hcp_option.-----\n 0003e520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003e540: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 mand: net_get_dh\n-0003e550: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e20 5641 5220 494e cp_option VAR IN\n-0003e560: 5445 5246 4143 4520 4e55 4d42 4552 2054 TERFACE NUMBER T\n-0003e570: 5950 450a 2020 2020 2052 6571 7565 7374 YPE. Request\n-0003e580: 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 204e 554d DHCP option NUM\n-0003e590: 4245 5220 6f66 2054 5950 4520 7669 6120 BER of TYPE via \n-0003e5a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e 2020 5459 5045 INTERFACE. TYPE\n-0003e5b0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 can be one. \n-0003e5c0: 206f 6620 e280 9873 7472 696e 67e2 8099 of ...string...\n-0003e5d0: 2c20 e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 206f , ...number... o\n-0003e5e0: 7220 e280 9868 6578 e280 992e 2020 4966 r ...hex.... If\n-0003e5f0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 option is found\n-0003e600: 2c20 6173 7369 676e 2069 7473 0a20 2020 , assign its. \n-0003e610: 2020 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2076 6172 6961 value to varia\n-0003e620: 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 ble VAR. Values\n-0003e630: 206f 6620 7479 7065 7320 e280 986e 756d of types ...num\n-0003e640: 6265 72e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6865 ber... and ...he\n-0003e650: 78e2 8099 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 636f x... are. co\n-0003e660: 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 7472 696e nverted to strin\n-0003e670: 6720 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e g representation\n-0003e680: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003e690: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-0003e6a0: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 _ipv6_autoconf, \n-0003e6b0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 Next: net_ls_ad\n-0003e6c0: 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f67 dr, Prev: net_g\n-0003e6d0: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 et_dhcp_option, \n-0003e6e0: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-0003e6f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 commands..17.5.1\n-0003e700: 3020 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 0 net_ipv6_autoc\n-0003e710: 6f6e 660a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d onf.------------\n-0003e720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003e730: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003e740: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 6620 5b43 ipv6_autoconf [C\n-0003e750: 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 ARD]. Perfor\n-0003e760: 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 m IPv6 autoconfi\n-0003e770: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 6164 6469 guration by addi\n-0003e780: 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4341 5244 2069 ng to the CARD i\n-0003e790: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 680a 2020 nterface with. \n-0003e7a0: 2020 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a name CARD...:\n-0003e7b0: 6c69 6e6b e280 9920 616e 6420 6c69 6e6b link... and link\n-0003e7c0: 206c 6f63 616c 204d 4143 2d62 6173 6564 local MAC-based\n-0003e7d0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f address. If no\n-0003e7e0: 2063 6172 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 card is. sp\n-0003e7f0: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2070 6572 666f 726d ecified, perform\n-0003e800: 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 autoconfigurati\n-0003e810: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 on for all exist\n-0003e820: 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ing cards.....Fi\n-0003e830: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003e840: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 Node: net_ls_add\n-0003e850: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 r, Next: net_ls\n-0003e860: 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e _cards, Prev: n\n-0003e870: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n-0003e880: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-0003e890: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n-0003e8a0: 2e31 3120 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a .11 net_ls_addr.\n+0003e530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003e540: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 nd: net_get_dhcp\n+0003e550: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e20 5641 5220 494e 5445 _option VAR INTE\n+0003e560: 5246 4143 4520 4e55 4d42 4552 2054 5950 RFACE NUMBER TYP\n+0003e570: 450a 2020 2020 2052 6571 7565 7374 2044 E. Request D\n+0003e580: 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 204e 554d 4245 HCP option NUMBE\n+0003e590: 5220 6f66 2054 5950 4520 7669 6120 494e R of TYPE via IN\n+0003e5a0: 5445 5246 4143 452e 2020 5459 5045 2063 TERFACE. TYPE c\n+0003e5b0: 616e 2062 6520 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 206f an be one. o\n+0003e5c0: 6620 e280 9873 7472 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 f ...string..., \n+0003e5d0: e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 206f 7220 ...number... or \n+0003e5e0: e280 9868 6578 e280 992e 2020 4966 206f ...hex.... If o\n+0003e5f0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 ption is found, \n+0003e600: 6173 7369 676e 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 assign its. \n+0003e610: 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c value to variabl\n+0003e620: 6520 5641 522e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206f e VAR. Values o\n+0003e630: 6620 7479 7065 7320 e280 986e 756d 6265 f types ...numbe\n+0003e640: 72e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6865 78e2 r... and ...hex.\n+0003e650: 8099 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 .. are. conv\n+0003e660: 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 7472 696e 6720 erted to string \n+0003e670: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a representation..\n+0003e680: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003e690: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f69 fo, Node: net_i\n+0003e6a0: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 204e pv6_autoconf, N\n+0003e6b0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 ext: net_ls_addr\n+0003e6c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 , Prev: net_get\n+0003e6d0: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 _dhcp_option, U\n+0003e6e0: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n+0003e6f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3020 mmands..17.5.10 \n+0003e700: 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e net_ipv6_autocon\n+0003e710: 660a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d f.--------------\n+0003e720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003e730: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 Command: net_ip\n+0003e740: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 6620 5b43 4152 v6_autoconf [CAR\n+0003e750: 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 D]. Perform \n+0003e760: 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 IPv6 autoconfigu\n+0003e770: 7261 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 6164 6469 6e67 ration by adding\n+0003e780: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4341 5244 2069 6e74 to the CARD int\n+0003e790: 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 erface with. \n+0003e7a0: 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6c69 name CARD...:li\n+0003e7b0: 6e6b e280 9920 616e 6420 6c69 6e6b 206c nk... and link l\n+0003e7c0: 6f63 616c 204d 4143 2d62 6173 6564 2061 ocal MAC-based a\n+0003e7d0: 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 ddress. If no c\n+0003e7e0: 6172 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 ard is. spec\n+0003e7f0: 6966 6965 642c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 ified, perform a\n+0003e800: 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e utoconfiguration\n+0003e810: 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 696e for all existin\n+0003e820: 6720 6361 7264 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 g cards.....File\n+0003e830: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003e840: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c de: net_ls_addr,\n+0003e850: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 Next: net_ls_c\n+0003e860: 6172 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 ards, Prev: net\n+0003e870: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 _ipv6_autoconf, \n+0003e880: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n+0003e890: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 commands..17.5.1\n+0003e8a0: 3120 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 1 net_ls_addr.--\n 0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003e8d0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2020 : net_ls_addr. \n-0003e8e0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6e66 List all conf\n-0003e8f0: 6967 7572 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 igured interface\n-0003e900: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 s with their MAC\n-0003e910: 2061 6e64 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7365 and IP addresse\n-0003e920: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0003e930: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-0003e940: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 204e 6578 t_ls_cards, Nex\n-0003e950: 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 t: net_ls_dns, \n-0003e960: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 Prev: net_ls_add\n-0003e970: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 r, Up: Networki\n-0003e980: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n-0003e990: 352e 3132 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 5.12 net_ls_card\n-0003e9a0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n-0003e9b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003e9c0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 and: net_ls_card\n-0003e9d0: 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 s. List all \n-0003e9e0: 6465 7465 6374 6564 206e 6574 776f 726b detected network\n-0003e9f0: 2063 6172 6473 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 cards with thei\n-0003ea00: 7220 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a r MAC address...\n-0003ea10: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003ea20: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 o, Node: net_ls\n-0003ea30: 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 _dns, Next: net\n-0003ea40: 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 2050 7265 _ls_routes, Pre\n-0003ea50: 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c v: net_ls_cards,\n-0003ea60: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-0003ea70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n-0003ea80: 3133 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2d2d 13 net_ls_dns.--\n-0003ea90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003eaa0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003eab0: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2020 2020 204c et_ls_dns. L\n-0003eac0: 6973 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 6f66 ist addresses of\n-0003ead0: 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 DNS servers use\n-0003eae0: 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f d during name lo\n-0003eaf0: 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 okup.....File: g\n-0003eb00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003eb10: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 net_ls_routes, \n-0003eb20: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f Next: net_nsloo\n-0003eb30: 6b75 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f kup, Prev: net_\n-0003eb40: 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 ls_dns, Up: Net\n-0003eb50: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-0003eb60: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3420 6e65 745f 6c73 ..17.5.14 net_ls\n-0003eb70: 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _routes.--------\n-0003eb80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003eb90: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003eba0: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2020 2020 204c ls_routes. L\n-0003ebb0: 6973 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 ist routing entr\n-0003ebc0: 6965 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ies.....File: gr\n-0003ebd0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003ebe0: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 204e net_nslookup, N\n-0003ebf0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 ext: net_set_vla\n-0003ec00: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 n, Prev: net_ls\n-0003ec10: 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 _routes, Up: Ne\n-0003ec20: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003ec30: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3135 206e 6574 5f6e s..17.5.15 net_n\n-0003ec40: 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d slookup.--------\n-0003ec50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003ec60: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6e - Command: net_n\n-0003ec70: 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 205b 5345 slookup NAME [SE\n-0003ec80: 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c RVER]. Resol\n-0003ec90: 7665 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 4e41 ve address of NA\n-0003eca0: 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 6572 ME using DNS ser\n-0003ecb0: 7665 7220 5345 5256 4552 2e20 2049 6620 ver SERVER. If \n-0003ecc0: 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 7220 6973 0a20 2020 no server is. \n-0003ecd0: 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 6566 given, use def\n-0003ece0: 6175 6c74 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 ault list of ser\n-0003ecf0: 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 vers.....File: g\n-0003ed00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003ed10: 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 net_set_vlan, \n-0003ed20: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b Prev: net_nslook\n-0003ed30: 7570 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b up, Up: Network\n-0003ed40: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n-0003ed50: 2e35 2e31 3620 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c .5.16 net_set_vl\n-0003ed60: 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d an.-------------\n-0003ed70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003ed80: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c mand: net_set_vl\n-0003ed90: 616e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2056 4c41 an INTERFACE VLA\n-0003eda0: 4e49 440a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 NID. Set the\n-0003edb0: 2038 3032 2e31 5120 564c 414e 2069 6465 802.1Q VLAN ide\n-0003edc0: 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2049 4e54 4552 ntifier on INTER\n-0003edd0: 4641 4345 2074 6f20 564c 414e 4944 2e20 FACE to VLANID. \n-0003ede0: 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6578 616d 706c For. exampl\n-0003edf0: 652c 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 564c e, to set the VL\n-0003ee00: 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e AN identifier on\n-0003ee10: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 20e2 8098 6566 interface ...ef\n-0003ee20: 696e 6574 31e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 inet1... to. \n-0003ee30: 20e2 8098 3130 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 ...100...:.. \n-0003ee40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 net_set_v\n-0003ee50: 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 3130 300a lan efinet1 100.\n-0003ee60: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 564c 414e 2069 . The VLAN i\n-0003ee70: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6361 6e20 6265 dentifier can be\n-0003ee80: 2072 656d 6f76 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 removed by sett\n-0003ee90: 696e 6720 6974 2074 6f20 e280 9830 e280 ing it to ...0..\n-0003eea0: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 .:.. ne\n-0003eeb0: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 6e65 t_set_vlan efine\n-0003eec0: 7431 2030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 t1 0....File: gr\n-0003eed0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003eee0: 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d Undocumented com\n-0003eef0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 mands, Prev: Ne\n-0003ef00: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003ef10: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 s, Up: Commands\n-0003ef20: 0a0a 3137 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ..17.6 Commands \n-0003ef30: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 646f 6375 currently undocu\n-0003ef40: 6d65 6e74 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mented.=========\n+0003e8c0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003e8d0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2020 2020 net_ls_addr. \n+0003e8e0: 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 List all config\n+0003e8f0: 7572 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7320 ured interfaces \n+0003e900: 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 with their MAC a\n+0003e910: 6e64 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7365 732e nd IP addresses.\n+0003e920: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003e930: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+0003e940: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a ls_cards, Next:\n+0003e950: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 5072 net_ls_dns, Pr\n+0003e960: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c ev: net_ls_addr,\n+0003e970: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003e980: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003e990: 3132 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a 12 net_ls_cards.\n+0003e9a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003e9b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003e9c0: 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a d: net_ls_cards.\n+0003e9d0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 6465 List all de\n+0003e9e0: 7465 6374 6564 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 tected network c\n+0003e9f0: 6172 6473 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 7220 ards with their \n+0003ea00: 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a MAC address.....\n+0003ea10: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003ea20: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 Node: net_ls_d\n+0003ea30: 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c ns, Next: net_l\n+0003ea40: 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a s_routes, Prev:\n+0003ea50: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 net_ls_cards, \n+0003ea60: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+0003ea70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3133 ommands..17.5.13\n+0003ea80: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d net_ls_dns.----\n+0003ea90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003eaa0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003eab0: 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 _ls_dns. Lis\n+0003eac0: 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 6f66 2044 t addresses of D\n+0003ead0: 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 NS servers used \n+0003eae0: 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b during name look\n+0003eaf0: 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 up.....File: gru\n+0003eb00: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+0003eb10: 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 204e et_ls_routes, N\n+0003eb20: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 ext: net_nslooku\n+0003eb30: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 p, Prev: net_ls\n+0003eb40: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f _dns, Up: Netwo\n+0003eb50: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+0003eb60: 3137 2e35 2e31 3420 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 17.5.14 net_ls_r\n+0003eb70: 6f75 7465 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d outes.----------\n+0003eb80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003eb90: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 Command: net_ls\n+0003eba0: 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 _routes. Lis\n+0003ebb0: 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 t routing entrie\n+0003ebc0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0003ebd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+0003ebe0: 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 204e 6578 t_nslookup, Nex\n+0003ebf0: 743a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c t: net_set_vlan,\n+0003ec00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 Prev: net_ls_r\n+0003ec10: 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 outes, Up: Netw\n+0003ec20: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n+0003ec30: 0a31 372e 352e 3135 206e 6574 5f6e 736c .17.5.15 net_nsl\n+0003ec40: 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ookup.----------\n+0003ec50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003ec60: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c Command: net_nsl\n+0003ec70: 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 205b 5345 5256 ookup NAME [SERV\n+0003ec80: 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 ER]. Resolve\n+0003ec90: 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 4e41 4d45 address of NAME\n+0003eca0: 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 using DNS serve\n+0003ecb0: 7220 5345 5256 4552 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f r SERVER. If no\n+0003ecc0: 2073 6572 7665 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 server is. \n+0003ecd0: 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 6566 6175 given, use defau\n+0003ece0: 6c74 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 lt list of serve\n+0003ecf0: 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 rs.....File: gru\n+0003ed00: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+0003ed10: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 et_set_vlan, Pr\n+0003ed20: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 ev: net_nslookup\n+0003ed30: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003ed40: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003ed50: 2e31 3620 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e .16 net_set_vlan\n+0003ed60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003ed70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003ed80: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e nd: net_set_vlan\n+0003ed90: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2056 4c41 4e49 INTERFACE VLANI\n+0003eda0: 440a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2038 D. Set the 8\n+0003edb0: 3032 2e31 5120 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 02.1Q VLAN ident\n+0003edc0: 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 ifier on INTERFA\n+0003edd0: 4345 2074 6f20 564c 414e 4944 2e20 2046 CE to VLANID. F\n+0003ede0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6578 616d 706c 652c or. example,\n+0003edf0: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 564c 414e to set the VLAN\n+0003ee00: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2069 identifier on i\n+0003ee10: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 20e2 8098 6566 696e nterface ...efin\n+0003ee20: 6574 31e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 et1... to. .\n+0003ee30: 8098 3130 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ..100...:.. \n+0003ee40: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 net_set_vla\n+0003ee50: 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 3130 300a 0a20 n efinet1 100.. \n+0003ee60: 2020 2020 5468 6520 564c 414e 2069 6465 The VLAN ide\n+0003ee70: 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2072 ntifier can be r\n+0003ee80: 656d 6f76 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e emoved by settin\n+0003ee90: 6720 6974 2074 6f20 e280 9830 e280 993a g it to ...0...:\n+0003eea0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f .. net_\n+0003eeb0: 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 6e65 7431 set_vlan efinet1\n+0003eec0: 2030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 0....File: grub\n+0003eed0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e .info, Node: Un\n+0003eee0: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 documented comma\n+0003eef0: 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 nds, Prev: Netw\n+0003ef00: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c orking commands,\n+0003ef10: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a Up: Commands..\n+0003ef20: 3137 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6375 17.6 Commands cu\n+0003ef30: 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 646f 6375 6d65 rrently undocume\n+0003ef40: 6e74 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nted.===========\n 0003ef50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003ef60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a55 6e66 ===========..Unf\n-0003ef70: 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 7420 ortunately, not \n-0003ef80: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 all GRUB command\n-0003ef90: 7320 6172 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 s are documented\n-0003efa0: 2061 7420 7468 6973 2074 696d 6520 6475 at this time du\n-0003efb0: 6520 746f 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2072 e to.developer r\n-0003efc0: 6573 6f75 7263 6520 636f 6e73 7472 6169 esource constrai\n-0003efd0: 6e74 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 746f nts. One way to\n-0003efe0: 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 6520 6261 636b contribute back\n-0003eff0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a70 726f to the GRUB.pro\n-0003f000: 6a65 6374 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 746f ject would be to\n-0003f010: 2068 656c 7020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 help document t\n-0003f020: 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2061 hese commands, a\n-0003f030: 6e64 2073 7562 6d69 7420 7061 7463 6865 nd submit patche\n-0003f040: 7320 6f72 0a69 6465 6173 2074 6f20 7468 s or.ideas to th\n-0003f050: 6520 6d61 696c 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2e20 e mailing list. \n-0003f060: 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 The following i\n-0003f070: 7320 6120 286d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 s a (most likely\n-0003f080: 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 0a6c 6973 incomplete).lis\n-0003f090: 7420 6f66 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 t of undocumente\n-0003f0a0: 6420 6f72 2070 6f6f 726c 7920 646f 6375 d or poorly docu\n-0003f0b0: 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 mented commands \n-0003f0c0: 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 and not all of t\n-0003f0d0: 6865 6d0a 6172 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 hem.are allowed \n-0003f0e0: 666f 7220 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d for all platform\n-0003f0f0: 732e 2020 5275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 s. Running the \n-0003f100: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6865 6c70 2066 726f command help fro\n-0003f110: 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a47 5255 m within the.GRU\n-0003f120: 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 B shell may prov\n-0003f130: 6964 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 ide more informa\n-0003f140: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 tion on paramete\n-0003f150: 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7361 6765 2e0a 0a20 rs and usage... \n-0003f160: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 6c6c 5f66 756e ... ...all_fun\n-0003f170: 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 9920 ctional_test... \n-0003f180: 2d20 5275 6e20 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 - Run all functi\n-0003f190: 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 onal tests.. .\n-0003f1a0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6261 636b 7472 6163 65e2 .. ...backtrace.\n-0003f1b0: 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 2062 6163 6b74 .. - Print backt\n-0003f1c0: 7261 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 race.. ... ...\n-0003f1d0: 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 boottime... - Sh\n-0003f1e0: 6f77 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2073 7461 ow boot time sta\n-0003f1f0: 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tistics.. ... \n-0003f200: e280 9863 6163 6865 696e 666f e280 9920 ...cacheinfo... \n-0003f210: 2d20 4765 7420 6469 736b 2063 6163 6865 - Get disk cache\n-0003f220: 2069 6e66 6f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 info.. ... ..\n-0003f230: 9863 626d 656d 63e2 8099 202d 2053 686f .cbmemc... - Sho\n-0003f240: 7720 4342 4d45 4d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 w CBMEM console \n-0003f250: 636f 6e74 656e 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 content.. ... \n-0003f260: e280 9863 6d6f 7373 6574 e280 9920 2d20 ...cmosset... - \n-0003f270: 5365 7420 6269 7420 6174 2042 5954 453a Set bit at BYTE:\n-0003f280: 4249 5420 696e 2043 4d4f 532e 0a20 2020 BIT in CMOS.. \n-0003f290: e280 a220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f ... ...coreboot_\n-0003f2a0: 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 boottime... - Sh\n-0003f2b0: 6f77 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 626f 6f74 ow coreboot boot\n-0003f2c0: 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 6373 time statistics\n-0003f2d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6475 6d70 .. ... ...dump\n-0003f2e0: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 206d 656d 6f72 ... - Show memor\n-0003f2f0: 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 y contents.. .\n-0003f300: 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f6c 6f61 .. ...efiemu_loa\n-0003f310: 6463 6f72 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 dcore... - Load \n-0003f320: 616e 6420 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2045 and initialize E\n-0003f330: 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 FI emulator.. \n-0003f340: e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 7072 ... ...efiemu_pr\n-0003f350: 6570 6172 65e2 8099 202d 2046 696e 616c epare... - Final\n-0003f360: 697a 6520 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2045 ize loading of E\n-0003f370: 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 FI emulator.. \n-0003f380: e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 756e ... ...efiemu_un\n-0003f390: 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 556e 6c6f 6164 load... - Unload\n-0003f3a0: 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 EFI emulator.. \n-0003f3b0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7869 74e2 8099 ... ...exit...\n-0003f3c0: 202d 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 - Exit from GRU\n-0003f3d0: 422e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 B.. ... ...ext\n-0003f3e0: 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e ract_entries_con\n-0003f3f0: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 figfile... - Loa\n-0003f400: 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 d another config\n-0003f410: 2066 696c 6520 6275 7420 7461 6b65 0a20 file but take. \n-0003f420: 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e only menu en\n-0003f430: 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 tries.. ... ..\n-0003f440: 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 .extract_entries\n-0003f450: 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 _source... - Loa\n-0003f460: 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 d another config\n-0003f470: 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 6f75 740a 2020 file without. \n-0003f480: 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f 6e74 changing cont\n-0003f490: 6578 7420 6275 7420 7461 6b65 206f 6e6c ext but take onl\n-0003f4a0: 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a y menu entries..\n-0003f4b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 ... ...extrac\n-0003f4c0: 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 t_legacy_entries\n-0003f4d0: 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d _configfile... -\n-0003f4e0: 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f Parse legacy co\n-0003f4f0: 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 770a 2020 2020 nfig in new. \n-0003f500: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 context taking \n-0003f510: 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 only menu entrie\n-0003f520: 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 s. ... ...extr\n-0003f530: 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 act_legacy_entri\n-0003f540: 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 es_source... - P\n-0003f550: 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 arse legacy conf\n-0003f560: 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 ig in same. \n-0003f570: 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f context taking o\n-0003f580: 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 nly menu entries\n-0003f590: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 . ... ...extra\n-0003f5a0: 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 ct_syslinux_entr\n-0003f5b0: 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 ies_configfile..\n-0003f5c0: 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c . - Execute sysl\n-0003f5d0: 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 0a20 inux config in. \n-0003f5e0: 2020 2020 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 new context \n-0003f5f0: 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 taking only menu\n-0003f600: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 entries. ... \n-0003f610: e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 ...extract_sysli\n-0003f620: 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 nux_entries_sour\n-0003f630: 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 ce... - Execute \n-0003f640: 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 syslinux config \n-0003f650: 696e 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e in same. con\n-0003f660: 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 text taking only\n-0003f670: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 menu entries. \n-0003f680: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 ... ...fakebios\n-0003f690: e280 9920 2d20 4372 6561 7465 2042 494f ... - Create BIO\n-0003f6a0: 532d 6c69 6b65 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 S-like structure\n-0003f6b0: 7320 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 2063 s for backward c\n-0003f6c0: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 ompatibility. \n-0003f6d0: 2020 7769 7468 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 with existing \n-0003f6e0: 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 OS.. ... ...fi\n-0003f6f0: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4368 6563 6b20 6966 le... - Check if\n-0003f700: 2046 494c 4520 6973 206f 6620 7370 6563 FILE is of spec\n-0003f710: 6966 6965 6420 7479 7065 2e0a 2020 20e2 ified type.. .\n-0003f720: 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 785f 7669 6465 6fe2 .. ...fix_video.\n-0003f730: 8099 202d 2046 6978 2076 6964 656f 2070 .. - Fix video p\n-0003f740: 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 roblem.. ... .\n-0003f750: 8098 6670 7377 61e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 ..fpswa... - Dis\n-0003f760: 706c 6179 2046 5053 5741 2076 6572 7369 play FPSWA versi\n-0003f770: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6675 on.. ... ...fu\n-0003f780: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 nctional_test...\n-0003f790: 202d 2052 756e 2061 6c6c 206c 6f61 6465 - Run all loade\n-0003f7a0: 6420 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 d functional tes\n-0003f7b0: 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 ts.. ... ...gd\n-0003f7c0: 6273 7475 625f 6272 6561 6be2 8099 202d bstub_break... -\n-0003f7d0: 2042 7265 616b 2069 6e74 6f20 4744 420a Break into GDB.\n-0003f7e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 ... ...gdbstu\n-0003f7f0: 62e2 8099 202d 2053 7461 7274 2047 4442 b... - Start GDB\n-0003f800: 2073 7475 6220 6f6e 2067 6976 656e 2070 stub on given p\n-0003f810: 6f72 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 ort. ... ...gd\n-0003f820: 6273 7475 625f 7374 6f70 e280 9920 2d20 bstub_stop... - \n-0003f830: 5374 6f70 2047 4442 2073 7475 620a 2020 Stop GDB stub. \n-0003f840: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6864 7061 726d e280 ... ...hdparm..\n-0003f850: 9920 2d20 4765 742f 7365 7420 4154 4120 . - Get/set ATA \n-0003f860: 6469 736b 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 732e disk parameters.\n-0003f870: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9868 6578 6475 . ... ...hexdu\n-0003f880: 6d70 5f72 616e 646f 6de2 8099 202d 2048 mp_random... - H\n-0003f890: 6578 6475 6d70 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6461 exdump random da\n-0003f8a0: 7461 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e ta.. ... ...in\n-0003f8b0: 62e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 b... - Read 8-bi\n-0003f8c0: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 t value from POR\n-0003f8d0: 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e6c T.. ... ...inl\n-0003f8e0: e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d 6269 ... - Read 32-bi\n-0003f8f0: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 t value from POR\n-0003f900: 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e77 T.. ... ...inw\n-0003f910: e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d 6269 ... - Read 16-bi\n-0003f920: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 t value from POR\n-0003f930: 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986a 7065 T.. ... ...jpe\n-0003f940: 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 gtest... - Tests\n-0003f950: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4a50 4547 loading of JPEG\n-0003f960: 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 bitmap.. ... \n-0003f970: e280 986b 6579 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c ...keymap... - L\n-0003f980: 6f61 6420 6120 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 206c oad a keyboard l\n-0003f990: 6179 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ayout.. ... ..\n-0003f9a0: 986c 6567 6163 795f 6368 6563 6b5f 7061 .legacy_check_pa\n-0003f9b0: 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 ssword... - Simu\n-0003f9c0: 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 late grub-legacy\n-0003f9d0: 2027 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 'password' comm\n-0003f9e0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 and. in menu\n-0003f9f0: 2065 6e74 7279 206d 6f64 650a 2020 20e2 entry mode. .\n-0003fa00: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e .. ...legacy_con\n-0003fa10: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 figfile... - Par\n-0003fa20: 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 se legacy config\n-0003fa30: 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a in new context.\n-0003fa40: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 ... ...legacy\n-0003fa50: 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2053 _password... - S\n-0003fa60: 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 imulate grub-leg\n-0003fa70: 6163 7920 2770 6173 7377 6f72 6427 2063 acy 'password' c\n-0003fa80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ommand. ... ..\n-0003fa90: 986c 6567 6163 795f 736f 7572 6365 e280 .legacy_source..\n-0003faa0: 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 . - Parse legacy\n-0003fab0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 config in same \n-0003fac0: 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 context. ... .\n-0003fad0: 8098 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 ..loadbios... - \n-0003fae0: 4c6f 6164 2042 494f 5320 6475 6d70 2e0a Load BIOS dump..\n-0003faf0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6163 7069 ... ...lsacpi\n-0003fb00: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 4350 4920 ... - Show ACPI \n-0003fb10: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 information.. \n-0003fb20: e280 a220 e280 986c 7361 706d e280 9920 ... ...lsapm... \n-0003fb30: 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 504d 2069 6e66 6f72 - Show APM infor\n-0003fb40: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 mation.. ... .\n-0003fb50: 8098 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 e280 9920 ..lscoreboot... \n-0003fb60: 2d20 4c69 7374 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 - List coreboot \n-0003fb70: 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 tables.. ... .\n-0003fb80: 8098 6c73 6465 76e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 ..lsdev... - Lis\n-0003fb90: 7420 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 t devices.. ..\n-0003fba0: a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 e280 9920 2d20 . ...lsefi... - \n-0003fbb0: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6861 6e64 Display EFI hand\n-0003fbc0: 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c les.. ... ...l\n-0003fbd0: 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4469 sefimmap... - Di\n-0003fbe0: 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 splay EFI memory\n-0003fbf0: 206d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 map.. ... ...\n-0003fc00: 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 62e2 8099 202d lsefisystab... -\n-0003fc10: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 2073 7973 Display EFI sys\n-0003fc20: 7465 6d20 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 tem tables.. .\n-0003fc30: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 .. ...lsmmap... \n-0003fc40: 2d20 4c69 7374 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 - List memory ma\n-0003fc50: 7020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 6669 p provided by fi\n-0003fc60: 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 rmware.. ... .\n-0003fc70: 8098 6c73 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 ..lspci... - Lis\n-0003fc80: 7420 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 t PCI devices.. \n-0003fc90: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7373 616c e280 ... ...lssal..\n-0003fca0: 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 5341 4c20 . - Display SAL \n-0003fcb0: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6162 6c65 2e0a 2020 system table.. \n-0003fcc0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7370 64e2 8099 ... ...lsspd...\n-0003fcd0: 202d 2050 7269 6e74 204d 656d 6f72 7920 - Print Memory \n-0003fce0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 information.. \n-0003fcf0: e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 7070 6362 6c65 ... ...macppcble\n-0003fd00: 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4449 ss... - Bless DI\n-0003fd10: 5220 6f66 2048 4653 206f 7220 4846 532b R of HFS or HFS+\n-0003fd20: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2050 partition for P\n-0003fd30: 5043 206d 6163 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 PC macs.. ... \n-0003fd40: e280 986d 6163 7465 6c62 6c65 7373 e280 ...mactelbless..\n-0003fd50: 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4649 4c45 206f . - Bless FILE o\n-0003fd60: 6620 4846 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 f HFS or HFS+ pa\n-0003fd70: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 696e 7465 rtition for inte\n-0003fd80: 6c20 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 l macs.. ... .\n-0003fd90: 8098 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e e280 ..net_set_vlan..\n-0003fda0: 9920 2d20 5365 7420 616e 2069 6e74 6572 . - Set an inter\n-0003fdb0: 6661 6365 2773 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 2e0a face's vlan id..\n-0003fdc0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 7462 e280 ... ...outb..\n-0003fdd0: 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 382d 6269 7420 . - Write 8-bit \n-0003fde0: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 VALUE to PORT.. \n-0003fdf0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 6ce2 8099 ... ...outl...\n-0003fe00: 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 - Write 32-bit \n-0003fe10: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 VALUE to PORT.. \n-0003fe20: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 77e2 8099 ... ...outw...\n-0003fe30: 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 - Write 16-bit \n-0003fe40: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 VALUE to PORT.. \n-0003fe50: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 6369 6475 6d70 ... ...pcidump\n-0003fe60: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2064 ... - Show raw d\n-0003fe70: 756d 7020 6f66 2074 6865 2050 4349 2063 ump of the PCI c\n-0003fe80: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 7061 onfiguration spa\n-0003fe90: 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706e ce.. ... ...pn\n-0003fea0: 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 gtest... - Tests\n-0003feb0: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 504e 4720 loading of PNG \n-0003fec0: 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 bitmap.. ... .\n-0003fed0: 8098 7265 6164 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d ..read_byte... -\n-0003fee0: 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 Read 8-bit valu\n-0003fef0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e from ADDR.. \n-0003ff00: e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 6477 6f72 ... ...read_dwor\n-0003ff10: 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3332 2d62 d... - Read 32-b\n-0003ff20: 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 it value from AD\n-0003ff30: 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 DR.. ... ...re\n-0003ff40: 6164 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 ad_word... - Rea\n-0003ff50: 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 d 16-bit value f\n-0003ff60: 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rom ADDR.. ...\n-0003ff70: 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6369 e280 9920 2d20 ...setpci... - \n-0003ff80: 4d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 2050 4349 2064 Manipulate PCI d\n-0003ff90: 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 evices.. ... .\n-0003ffa0: 8098 7375 7370 656e 64e2 8099 202d 2052 ..suspend... - R\n-0003ffb0: 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2049 4545 4531 3237 eturn to IEEE127\n-0003ffc0: 3520 7072 6f6d 7074 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 5 prompt.. ...\n-0003ffd0: 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f63 6f6e ...syslinux_con\n-0003ffe0: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 figfile... - Exe\n-0003fff0: 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f cute syslinux co\n-00040000: 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 nfig in new cont\n-00040010: 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 ext. ... ...sy\n-00040020: 736c 696e 7578 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 slinux_source...\n-00040030: 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 - Execute sysli\n-00040040: 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 nux config in sa\n-00040050: 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 me context. ..\n-00040060: a220 e280 9874 6573 745f 626c 6f63 6b61 . ...test_blocka\n-00040070: 7267 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 616e rg... - Print an\n-00040080: 6420 6578 6563 7574 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 d execute block \n-00040090: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e2c 2030 0a20 2020 argument., 0. \n-000400a0: e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 746c 6f61 64e2 ... ...testload.\n-000400b0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 7361 .. - Load the sa\n-000400c0: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 696e 206d 756c 7469 me file in multi\n-000400d0: 706c 6520 7761 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ple ways.. ...\n-000400e0: 20e2 8098 7465 7374 7370 6565 64e2 8099 ...testspeed...\n-000400f0: 202d 2054 6573 7420 6669 6c65 2072 6561 - Test file rea\n-00040100: 6420 7370 6565 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 d speed.. ... \n-00040110: e280 9874 6761 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 ...tgatest... - \n-00040120: 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 Tests loading of\n-00040130: 2054 4741 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 TGA bitmap.. \n-00040140: e280 a220 e280 9874 696d 65e2 8099 202d ... ...time... -\n-00040150: 204d 6561 7375 7265 2074 696d 6520 7573 Measure time us\n-00040160: 6564 2062 7920 434f 4d4d 414e 440a 2020 ed by COMMAND. \n-00040170: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 e280 9920 2d20 ... ...tr... - \n-00040180: 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5345 5431 2063 Translate SET1 c\n-00040190: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 746f 2053 4554 haracters to SET\n-000401a0: 3220 696e 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a20 2020 2 in STRING.. \n-000401b0: e280 a220 e280 9875 7362 e280 9920 2d20 ... ...usb... - \n-000401c0: 5465 7374 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f 7274 Test USB support\n-000401d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 6569 .. ... ...vbei\n-000401e0: 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6176 nfo... - List av\n-000401f0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f ailable video mo\n-00040200: 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 des. If resolut\n-00040210: 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 0a20 2020 ion is given. \n-00040220: 2020 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 6465 show only mode\n-00040230: 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2069 742e 0a20 s matching it.. \n-00040240: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 6265 7465 7374 ... ...vbetest\n-00040250: e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2076 6964 656f ... - Test video\n-00040260: 2073 7562 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 subsystem.. .\n-00040270: 80a2 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f74 6573 74e2 .. ...videotest.\n-00040280: 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 6f20 .. - Test video \n-00040290: 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 206d 6f64 subsystem in mod\n-000402a0: 6520 5778 482e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 e WxH.. ... ..\n-000402b0: 9877 7269 7465 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d .write_byte... -\n-000402c0: 2057 7269 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c Write 8-bit VAL\n-000402d0: 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 UE to ADDR.. .\n-000402e0: 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 6477 6f72 .. ...write_dwor\n-000402f0: 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d d... - Write 32-\n-00040300: 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 bit VALUE to ADD\n-00040310: 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 R.. ... ...wri\n-00040320: 7465 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 te_word... - Wri\n-00040330: 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 te 16-bit VALUE \n-00040340: 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 to ADDR.. ... \n-00040350: e280 9878 656e 5f63 6174 e280 9920 2d20 ...xen_cat... - \n-00040360: 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 List Xen storage\n-00040370: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f .. ... ...xen_\n-00040380: 6c73 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e ls... - List Xen\n-00040390: 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 storage.. ...\n-000403a0: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6465 7670 726f 705f ...xnu_devprop_\n-000403b0: 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2027 load... - Load '\n-000403c0: 6465 7669 6365 2d70 726f 7065 7274 6965 device-propertie\n-000403d0: 7327 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 s' dump.. ... \n-000403e0: e280 9878 6e75 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 202d ...xnu_uuid... -\n-000403f0: 2054 7261 6e73 666f 726d 2036 342d 6269 Transform 64-bi\n-00040400: 7420 5555 4944 2074 6f20 666f 726d 6174 t UUID to format\n-00040410: 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 584e suitable for XN\n-00040420: 552e 2049 660a 2020 2020 202d 6c20 6973 U. If. -l is\n-00040430: 2067 6976 656e 206b 6565 7020 6974 206c given keep it l\n-00040440: 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2061 7320 646f 6e65 owercase as done\n-00040450: 2062 7920 626c 6b69 642e 0a20 2020 e280 by blkid.. ..\n-00040460: a220 e280 987a 6673 2d62 6f6f 7466 73e2 . ...zfs-bootfs.\n-00040470: 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 2d42 .. - Print ZFS-B\n-00040480: 4f4f 5446 534f 424a 206f 7220 7374 6f72 OOTFSOBJ or stor\n-00040490: 6520 6974 2069 6e74 6f20 5641 5249 4142 e it into VARIAB\n-000404a0: 4c45 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 LE. ... ...zfs\n-000404b0: 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 info... - Print \n-000404c0: 5a46 5320 696e 666f 2061 626f 7574 2044 ZFS info about D\n-000404d0: 4556 4943 452e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 EVICE.. ... ..\n-000404e0: 987a 6673 6b65 79e2 8099 202d 2049 6d70 .zfskey... - Imp\n-000404f0: 6f72 7420 5a46 5320 7772 6170 7069 6e67 ort ZFS wrapping\n-00040500: 206b 6579 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2046 key stored in F\n-00040510: 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ILE.....File: gr\n-00040520: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00040530: 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 Internationalisa\n-00040540: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 tion, Next: Sec\n-00040550: 7572 6974 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f urity, Prev: Co\n-00040560: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 mmands, Up: Top\n-00040570: 0a0a 3138 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e ..18 Internation\n-00040580: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a alisation.******\n-00040590: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000405a0: 2a0a 0a31 382e 3120 4368 6172 7365 740a *..18.1 Charset.\n-000405b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n-000405c0: 5542 2075 7365 7320 5554 462d 3820 696e UB uses UTF-8 in\n-000405d0: 7465 726e 616c 6c79 206f 7468 6572 2074 ternally other t\n-000405e0: 6861 6e20 696e 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 han in rendering\n-000405f0: 2077 6865 7265 2073 6f6d 650a 4752 5542 where some.GRUB\n-00040600: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6170 7072 6f70 -specific approp\n-00040610: 7269 6174 6520 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 riate representa\n-00040620: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2e20 2041 tion is used. A\n-00040630: 6c6c 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 730a 2869 ll text files.(i\n-00040640: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 6729 ncluding config)\n-00040650: 2061 7265 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 are assumed to \n-00040660: 6265 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2069 6e20 5554 be encoded in UT\n-00040670: 462d 382e 0a0a 3138 2e32 2046 696c 6573 F-8...18.2 Files\n-00040680: 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ystems.=========\n-00040690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4e 5446 532c 204a =======..NTFS, J\n-000406a0: 4653 2c20 5544 462c 2048 4653 2b2c 2065 FS, UDF, HFS+, e\n-000406b0: 7846 4154 2c20 6c6f 6e67 2066 696c 656e xFAT, long filen\n-000406c0: 616d 6573 2069 6e20 4641 542c 204a 6f6c ames in FAT, Jol\n-000406d0: 6965 7420 7061 7274 206f 660a 4953 4f39 iet part of.ISO9\n-000406e0: 3636 3020 6172 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 660 are treated \n-000406f0: 6173 2055 5446 2d31 3620 6173 2070 6572 as UTF-16 as per\n-00040700: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 specification. \n-00040710: 2041 4653 2061 6e64 2042 4653 2061 7265 AFS and BFS are\n-00040720: 0a72 6561 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 .read as UTF-8, \n-00040730: 6167 6169 6e20 6163 636f 7264 696e 6720 again according \n-00040740: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e to specification\n-00040750: 2e20 2042 7472 4653 2c20 6370 696f 2c20 . BtrFS, cpio, \n-00040760: 7461 722c 0a73 7175 6173 6834 2c20 6d69 tar,.squash4, mi\n-00040770: 6e69 782c 206d 696e 6978 322c 206d 696e nix, minix2, min\n-00040780: 6978 332c 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5265 6973 ix3, ROMFS, Reis\n-00040790: 6572 4653 2c20 5846 532c 2065 7874 322c erFS, XFS, ext2,\n-000407a0: 2065 7874 332c 2065 7874 342c 0a46 4154 ext3, ext4,.FAT\n-000407b0: 2028 7368 6f72 7420 6e61 6d65 7329 2c20 (short names), \n-000407c0: 4632 4653 2c20 526f 636b 5269 6467 6520 F2FS, RockRidge \n-000407d0: 7061 7274 206f 6620 4953 4f39 3636 302c part of ISO9660,\n-000407e0: 206e 696c 6673 322c 2055 4653 312c 2055 nilfs2, UFS1, U\n-000407f0: 4653 320a 616e 6420 5a46 5320 6172 6520 FS2.and ZFS are \n-00040800: 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 5554 assumed to be UT\n-00040810: 462d 382e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6967 6874 F-8. This might\n-00040820: 2062 6520 6661 6c73 6520 6f6e 2073 7973 be false on sys\n-00040830: 7465 6d73 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 tems.configured \n-00040840: 7769 7468 206c 6567 6163 7920 6368 6172 with legacy char\n-00040850: 7365 7420 6275 7420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 set but as long \n-00040860: 6173 2074 6865 2063 6861 7273 6574 2075 as the charset u\n-00040870: 7365 6420 6973 0a73 7570 6572 7365 7420 sed is.superset \n-00040880: 6f66 2041 5343 4949 2079 6f75 2073 686f of ASCII you sho\n-00040890: 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2061 uld be able to a\n-000408a0: 6363 6573 7320 4153 4349 492d 6e61 6d65 ccess ASCII-name\n-000408b0: 6420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 416e 640a 6974 d files. And.it\n-000408c0: 2773 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2074 's recommended t\n-000408d0: 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 796f 7572 o configure your\n-000408e0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2075 7365 2055 system to use U\n-000408f0: 5446 2d38 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2074 TF-8 to access t\n-00040900: 6865 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2063 he.filesystem, c\n-00040910: 6f6e 766d 7620 6d61 7920 6865 6c70 2077 onvmv may help w\n-00040920: 6974 6820 6d69 6772 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 ith migration. \n-00040930: 4953 4f39 3636 3020 2870 6c61 696e 2920 ISO9660 (plain) \n-00040940: 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 730a 6172 6520 7370 filenames.are sp\n-00040950: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2062 6569 6e67 ecified as being\n-00040960: 2041 5343 4949 206f 7220 6265 696e 6720 ASCII or being \n-00040970: 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 7769 7468 2075 described with u\n-00040980: 6e73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2065 7363 6170 nspecified escap\n-00040990: 650a 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e 2020 4752 e.sequences. GR\n-000409a0: 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 6861 7420 UB assumes that \n-000409b0: 7468 6520 4953 4f39 3636 3020 6e61 6d65 the ISO9660 name\n-000409c0: 7320 6172 6520 5554 462d 3820 2873 696e s are UTF-8 (sin\n-000409d0: 6365 2061 6e79 0a41 5343 4949 2069 7320 ce any.ASCII is \n-000409e0: 7661 6c69 6420 5554 462d 3829 2e20 2054 valid UTF-8). 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Other unic\n-00041ea0: 6f64 6520 7370 6163 6520 6368 6172 6163 ode space charac\n-00041eb0: 7465 7273 0a61 7265 6e27 7420 6120 7661 ters.aren't a va\n-00041ec0: 6c69 6420 6669 656c 6420 7365 7061 7261 lid field separa\n-00041ed0: 746f 722e 2020 e280 9874 6573 74e2 8099 tor. ...test...\n-00041ee0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 7374 3a3a 2920 (*note test::) \n-00041ef0: 7465 7374 7320 3c2c 203e 2c20 3c3d 2c0a tests <, >, <=,.\n-00041f00: 3e3d 2c20 2d70 6774 2061 6e64 202d 706c >=, -pgt and -pl\n-00041f10: 7420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 7374 t compare the st\n-00041f20: 7269 6e67 7320 696e 2074 6865 206c 6578 rings in the lex\n-00041f30: 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 206f 7264 icographical ord\n-00041f40: 6572 206f 660a 756e 6963 6f64 6520 636f er of.unicode co\n-00041f50: 6465 706f 696e 7473 2c20 7265 706c 6963 depoints, replic\n-00041f60: 6174 696e 6720 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 ating the behavi\n-00041f70: 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6573 7420 6672 6f6d our of test from\n-00041f80: 2063 6f72 6575 7469 6c73 2e0a 656e 7669 coreutils..envi\n-00041f90: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00041fa0: 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 s and commands a\n-00041fb0: 7265 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 re listed in the\n-00041fc0: 2073 616d 6520 6f72 6465 722e 0a0a 1f0a same order.....\n-00041fd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00041fe0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 Node: Security\n-00041ff0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 , Next: Platfor\n-00042000: 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 m limitations, \n-00042010: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f Prev: Internatio\n-00042020: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a nalisation, Up:\n-00042030: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3139 2053 6563 7572 6974 Top..19 Securit\n-00042040: 790a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a y.***********..*\n-00042050: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4175 7468 656e Menu:..* Authen\n-00042060: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 tication and aut\n-00042070: 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2055 7365 horisation:: Use\n-00042080: 7273 2061 6e64 2061 6363 6573 7320 636f rs and access co\n-00042090: 6e74 726f 6c0a 2a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 ntrol.* Using di\n-000420a0: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n-000420b0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 :: Booti\n-000420c0: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 ng digitally sig\n-000420d0: 6e65 6420 636f 6465 0a2a 2055 4546 4920 ned code.* UEFI \n-000420e0: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 secure boot and \n-000420f0: 7368 696d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f shim:: Bo\n-00042100: 6f74 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 oting digitally \n-00042110: 7369 676e 6564 2050 4520 6669 6c65 730a signed PE files.\n-00042120: 2a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 * Secure Boot Ad\n-00042130: 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 vanced Targeting\n-00042140: 3a3a 2020 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e :: Embedded in\n-00042150: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6765 formation for ge\n-00042160: 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 neration number \n-00042170: 6261 7365 6420 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e based revocation\n-00042180: 0a2a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 .* Measured Boot\n-00042190: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-000421a0: 2020 2020 2020 4d65 6173 7572 696e 6720 Measuring \n-000421b0: 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 730a boot components.\n-000421c0: 2a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 2020 2020 * Lockdown:: \n+0003ef60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a55 6e66 6f72 =========..Unfor\n+0003ef70: 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 7420 616c tunately, not al\n+0003ef80: 6c20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 l GRUB commands \n+0003ef90: 6172 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 are documented a\n+0003efa0: 7420 7468 6973 2074 696d 6520 6475 6520 t this time due \n+0003efb0: 746f 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2072 6573 to.developer res\n+0003efc0: 6f75 7263 6520 636f 6e73 7472 6169 6e74 ource constraint\n+0003efd0: 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 746f 2063 s. 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Se\n+0003f270: 7420 6269 7420 6174 2042 5954 453a 4249 t bit at BYTE:BI\n+0003f280: 5420 696e 2043 4d4f 532e 0a20 2020 e280 T in CMOS.. ..\n+0003f290: a220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f . ...coreboot_bo\n+0003f2a0: 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 ottime... - Show\n+0003f2b0: 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 626f 6f74 2074 coreboot boot t\n+0003f2c0: 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 6373 2e0a ime statistics..\n+0003f2d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6475 6d70 e280 ... ...dump..\n+0003f2e0: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 206d 656d 6f72 7920 . - Show memory \n+0003f2f0: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 contents.. ...\n+0003f300: 20e2 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f6c 6f61 6463 ...efiemu_loadc\n+0003f310: 6f72 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e ore... - Load an\n+0003f320: 6420 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2045 4649 d initialize EFI\n+0003f330: 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 emulator.. ..\n+0003f340: a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 7072 6570 . ...efiemu_prep\n+0003f350: 6172 65e2 8099 202d 2046 696e 616c 697a are... - Finaliz\n+0003f360: 6520 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2045 4649 e loading of EFI\n+0003f370: 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 emulator.. ..\n+0003f380: a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 756e 6c6f . ...efiemu_unlo\n+0003f390: 6164 e280 9920 2d20 556e 6c6f 6164 2045 ad... - Unload E\n+0003f3a0: 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 FI emulator.. \n+0003f3b0: e280 a220 e280 9865 7869 74e2 8099 202d ... ...exit... -\n+0003f3c0: 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e Exit from GRUB.\n+0003f3d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 . ... ...extra\n+0003f3e0: 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 ct_entries_confi\n+0003f3f0: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 gfile... - Load \n+0003f400: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 another config f\n+0003f410: 696c 6520 6275 7420 7461 6b65 0a20 2020 ile but take. \n+0003f420: 2020 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 only menu entr\n+0003f430: 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 ies.. ... ...e\n+0003f440: 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 xtract_entries_s\n+0003f450: 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 ource... - Load \n+0003f460: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 another config f\n+0003f470: 696c 6520 7769 7468 6f75 740a 2020 2020 ile without. \n+0003f480: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6578 changing contex\n+0003f490: 7420 6275 7420 7461 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 t but take only \n+0003f4a0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 2020 menu entries.. \n+0003f4b0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f ... ...extract_\n+0003f4c0: 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 legacy_entries_c\n+0003f4d0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 onfigfile... - P\n+0003f4e0: 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 arse legacy conf\n+0003f4f0: 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2063 ig in new. c\n+0003f500: 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e ontext taking on\n+0003f510: 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a ly menu entries.\n+0003f520: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 ... ...extrac\n+0003f530: 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 t_legacy_entries\n+0003f540: 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 _source... - Par\n+0003f550: 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 se legacy config\n+0003f560: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 636f in same. co\n+0003f570: 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c ntext taking onl\n+0003f580: 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 y menu entries. \n+0003f590: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 ... ...extract\n+0003f5a0: 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 _syslinux_entrie\n+0003f5b0: 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 s_configfile... \n+0003f5c0: 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e - Execute syslin\n+0003f5d0: 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 0a20 2020 ux config in. \n+0003f5e0: 2020 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 new context ta\n+0003f5f0: 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 king only menu e\n+0003f600: 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ntries. ... ..\n+0003f610: 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 .extract_syslinu\n+0003f620: 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 x_entries_source\n+0003f630: e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 ... - Execute sy\n+0003f640: 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e slinux config in\n+0003f650: 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 same. conte\n+0003f660: 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d xt taking only m\n+0003f670: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 enu entries. .\n+0003f680: 80a2 20e2 8098 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 e280 .. ...fakebios..\n+0003f690: 9920 2d20 4372 6561 7465 2042 494f 532d . - Create BIOS-\n+0003f6a0: 6c69 6b65 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 like structures \n+0003f6b0: 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 2063 6f6d for backward com\n+0003f6c0: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 patibility. \n+0003f6d0: 7769 7468 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 4f53 with existing OS\n+0003f6e0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 6c65 .. ... ...file\n+0003f6f0: e280 9920 2d20 4368 6563 6b20 6966 2046 ... - Check if F\n+0003f700: 494c 4520 6973 206f 6620 7370 6563 6966 ILE is of specif\n+0003f710: 6965 6420 7479 7065 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ied type.. ...\n+0003f720: 20e2 8098 6669 785f 7669 6465 6fe2 8099 ...fix_video...\n+0003f730: 202d 2046 6978 2076 6964 656f 2070 726f - Fix video pro\n+0003f740: 626c 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 blem.. ... ...\n+0003f750: 6670 7377 61e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c fpswa... - Displ\n+0003f760: 6179 2046 5053 5741 2076 6572 7369 6f6e ay FPSWA version\n+0003f770: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6675 6e63 .. ... ...func\n+0003f780: 7469 6f6e 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d tional_test... -\n+0003f790: 2052 756e 2061 6c6c 206c 6f61 6465 6420 Run all loaded \n+0003f7a0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 functional tests\n+0003f7b0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 .. ... ...gdbs\n+0003f7c0: 7475 625f 6272 6561 6be2 8099 202d 2042 tub_break... - B\n+0003f7d0: 7265 616b 2069 6e74 6f20 4744 420a 2020 reak into GDB. \n+0003f7e0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 62e2 ... ...gdbstub.\n+0003f7f0: 8099 202d 2053 7461 7274 2047 4442 2073 .. - Start GDB s\n+0003f800: 7475 6220 6f6e 2067 6976 656e 2070 6f72 tub on given por\n+0003f810: 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 t. ... ...gdbs\n+0003f820: 7475 625f 7374 6f70 e280 9920 2d20 5374 tub_stop... - St\n+0003f830: 6f70 2047 4442 2073 7475 620a 2020 20e2 op GDB stub. .\n+0003f840: 80a2 20e2 8098 6864 7061 726d e280 9920 .. ...hdparm... \n+0003f850: 2d20 4765 742f 7365 7420 4154 4120 6469 - Get/set ATA di\n+0003f860: 736b 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 732e 0a20 sk parameters.. \n+0003f870: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 ... ...hexdump\n+0003f880: 5f72 616e 646f 6de2 8099 202d 2048 6578 _random... - Hex\n+0003f890: 6475 6d70 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6461 7461 dump random data\n+0003f8a0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 62e2 .. ... ...inb.\n+0003f8b0: 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 .. - Read 8-bit \n+0003f8c0: 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e value from PORT.\n+0003f8d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e6c e280 . ... ...inl..\n+0003f8e0: 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d 6269 7420 . - Read 32-bit \n+0003f8f0: 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e value from PORT.\n+0003f900: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e77 e280 . ... ...inw..\n+0003f910: 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d 6269 7420 . - Read 16-bit \n+0003f920: 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e value from PORT.\n+0003f930: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986a 7065 6774 . ... ...jpegt\n+0003f940: 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c est... - Tests l\n+0003f950: 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4a50 4547 2062 oading of JPEG b\n+0003f960: 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 itmap.. ... ..\n+0003f970: 986b 6579 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 .keymap... - Loa\n+0003f980: 6420 6120 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 206c 6179 d a keyboard lay\n+0003f990: 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c out.. ... ...l\n+0003f9a0: 6567 6163 795f 6368 6563 6b5f 7061 7373 egacy_check_pass\n+0003f9b0: 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 word... - Simula\n+0003f9c0: 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 te grub-legacy '\n+0003f9d0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e password' comman\n+0003f9e0: 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 d. in menu e\n+0003f9f0: 6e74 7279 206d 6f64 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 ntry mode. ...\n+0003fa00: 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 ...legacy_confi\n+0003fa10: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 gfile... - Parse\n+0003fa20: 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 legacy config i\n+0003fa30: 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 n new context. \n+0003fa40: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f70 ... ...legacy_p\n+0003fa50: 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d assword... - Sim\n+0003fa60: 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 ulate grub-legac\n+0003fa70: 7920 2770 6173 7377 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d y 'password' com\n+0003fa80: 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c mand. ... ...l\n+0003fa90: 6567 6163 795f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 egacy_source... \n+0003faa0: 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 - Parse legacy c\n+0003fab0: 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f onfig in same co\n+0003fac0: 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ntext. ... ...\n+0003fad0: 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f loadbios... - Lo\n+0003fae0: 6164 2042 494f 5320 6475 6d70 2e0a 2020 ad BIOS dump.. \n+0003faf0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6163 7069 e280 ... ...lsacpi..\n+0003fb00: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 4350 4920 696e . - Show ACPI in\n+0003fb10: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 formation.. ..\n+0003fb20: a220 e280 986c 7361 706d e280 9920 2d20 . ...lsapm... - \n+0003fb30: 5368 6f77 2041 504d 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 Show APM informa\n+0003fb40: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tion.. ... ...\n+0003fb50: 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 lscoreboot... - \n+0003fb60: 4c69 7374 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 7461 List coreboot ta\n+0003fb70: 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 bles.. ... ...\n+0003fb80: 6c73 6465 76e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 lsdev... - List \n+0003fb90: 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 devices.. ... \n+0003fba0: e280 986c 7365 6669 e280 9920 2d20 4469 ...lsefi... - Di\n+0003fbb0: 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6861 6e64 6c65 splay EFI handle\n+0003fbc0: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 s.. ... ...lse\n+0003fbd0: 6669 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 fimmap... - Disp\n+0003fbe0: 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d lay EFI memory m\n+0003fbf0: 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 ap.. ... ...ls\n+0003fc00: 6566 6973 7973 7461 62e2 8099 202d 2044 efisystab... - D\n+0003fc10: 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 2073 7973 7465 isplay EFI syste\n+0003fc20: 6d20 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 m tables.. ...\n+0003fc30: 20e2 8098 6c73 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 ...lsmmap... - \n+0003fc40: 4c69 7374 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 List memory map \n+0003fc50: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 6669 726d provided by firm\n+0003fc60: 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ware.. ... ...\n+0003fc70: 6c73 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 lspci... - List \n+0003fc80: 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 PCI devices.. \n+0003fc90: e280 a220 e280 986c 7373 616c e280 9920 ... ...lssal... \n+0003fca0: 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 5341 4c20 7379 - Display SAL sy\n+0003fcb0: 7374 656d 2074 6162 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 stem table.. .\n+0003fcc0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7370 64e2 8099 202d .. ...lsspd... -\n+0003fcd0: 2050 7269 6e74 204d 656d 6f72 7920 696e Print Memory in\n+0003fce0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 formation.. ..\n+0003fcf0: a220 e280 986d 6163 7070 6362 6c65 7373 . ...macppcbless\n+0003fd00: e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4449 5220 ... - Bless DIR \n+0003fd10: 6f66 2048 4653 206f 7220 4846 532b 2070 of HFS or HFS+ p\n+0003fd20: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2050 5043 artition for PPC\n+0003fd30: 206d 6163 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 macs.. ... ..\n+0003fd40: 986d 6163 7465 6c62 6c65 7373 e280 9920 .mactelbless... \n+0003fd50: 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4649 4c45 206f 6620 - Bless FILE of \n+0003fd60: 4846 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 7274 HFS or HFS+ part\n+0003fd70: 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 696e 7465 6c20 ition for intel \n+0003fd80: 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 macs.. ... ...\n+0003fd90: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e e280 9920 net_set_vlan... \n+0003fda0: 2d20 5365 7420 616e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 - Set an interfa\n+0003fdb0: 6365 2773 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 2e0a 2020 ce's vlan id.. \n+0003fdc0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 7462 e280 9920 ... ...outb... \n+0003fdd0: 2d20 5772 6974 6520 382d 6269 7420 5641 - Write 8-bit VA\n+0003fde0: 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 LUE to PORT.. \n+0003fdf0: e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 6ce2 8099 202d ... ...outl... -\n+0003fe00: 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 5641 Write 32-bit VA\n+0003fe10: 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 LUE to PORT.. \n+0003fe20: e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 77e2 8099 202d ... ...outw... -\n+0003fe30: 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 Write 16-bit VA\n+0003fe40: 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 LUE to PORT.. \n+0003fe50: e280 a220 e280 9870 6369 6475 6d70 e280 ... ...pcidump..\n+0003fe60: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2064 756d . - Show raw dum\n+0003fe70: 7020 6f66 2074 6865 2050 4349 2063 6f6e p of the PCI con\n+0003fe80: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 7061 6365 figuration space\n+0003fe90: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706e 6774 .. ... ...pngt\n+0003fea0: 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c est... - Tests l\n+0003feb0: 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 504e 4720 6269 oading of PNG bi\n+0003fec0: 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tmap.. ... ...\n+0003fed0: 7265 6164 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2052 read_byte... - R\n+0003fee0: 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 ead 8-bit value \n+0003fef0: 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 from ADDR.. ..\n+0003ff00: a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 6477 6f72 64e2 . ...read_dword.\n+0003ff10: 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3332 2d62 6974 .. - Read 32-bit\n+0003ff20: 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 value from ADDR\n+0003ff30: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 .. ... ...read\n+0003ff40: 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 _word... - Read \n+0003ff50: 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 16-bit value fro\n+0003ff60: 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 m ADDR.. ... .\n+0003ff70: 8098 7365 7470 6369 e280 9920 2d20 4d61 ..setpci... - Ma\n+0003ff80: 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 2050 4349 2064 6576 nipulate PCI dev\n+0003ff90: 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ices.. ... ...\n+0003ffa0: 7375 7370 656e 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6574 suspend... - Ret\n+0003ffb0: 7572 6e20 746f 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 urn to IEEE1275 \n+0003ffc0: 7072 6f6d 7074 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 prompt.. ... .\n+0003ffd0: 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f63 6f6e 6669 ..syslinux_confi\n+0003ffe0: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 gfile... - Execu\n+0003fff0: 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 te syslinux conf\n+00040000: 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 ig in new contex\n+00040010: 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c t. ... ...sysl\n+00040020: 696e 7578 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d inux_source... -\n+00040030: 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 Execute syslinu\n+00040040: 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 x config in same\n+00040050: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 context. ... \n+00040060: e280 9874 6573 745f 626c 6f63 6b61 7267 ...test_blockarg\n+00040070: e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 616e 6420 ... - Print and \n+00040080: 6578 6563 7574 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6172 execute block ar\n+00040090: 6775 6d65 6e74 2e2c 2030 0a20 2020 e280 gument., 0. ..\n+000400a0: a220 e280 9874 6573 746c 6f61 64e2 8099 . ...testload...\n+000400b0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 7361 6d65 - Load the same\n+000400c0: 2066 696c 6520 696e 206d 756c 7469 706c file in multipl\n+000400d0: 6520 7761 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 e ways.. ... .\n+000400e0: 8098 7465 7374 7370 6565 64e2 8099 202d ..testspeed... -\n+000400f0: 2054 6573 7420 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 Test file read \n+00040100: 7370 6565 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 speed.. ... ..\n+00040110: 9874 6761 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 .tgatest... - Te\n+00040120: 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2054 sts loading of T\n+00040130: 4741 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 GA bitmap.. ..\n+00040140: a220 e280 9874 696d 65e2 8099 202d 204d . ...time... - M\n+00040150: 6561 7375 7265 2074 696d 6520 7573 6564 easure time used\n+00040160: 2062 7920 434f 4d4d 414e 440a 2020 20e2 by COMMAND. .\n+00040170: 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 e280 9920 2d20 5472 .. ...tr... - Tr\n+00040180: 616e 736c 6174 6520 5345 5431 2063 6861 anslate SET1 cha\n+00040190: 7261 6374 6572 7320 746f 2053 4554 3220 racters to SET2 \n+000401a0: 696e 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a20 2020 e280 in STRING.. ..\n+000401b0: a220 e280 9875 7362 e280 9920 2d20 5465 . ...usb... - Te\n+000401c0: 7374 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e0a st USB support..\n+000401d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 6569 6e66 ... ...vbeinf\n+000401e0: 6fe2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 o... - List avai\n+000401f0: 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 lable video mode\n+00040200: 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f s. If resolutio\n+00040210: 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 0a20 2020 2020 n is given. \n+00040220: 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 show only modes \n+00040230: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2069 742e 0a20 2020 matching it.. \n+00040240: e280 a220 e280 9876 6265 7465 7374 e280 ... ...vbetest..\n+00040250: 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2076 6964 656f 2073 . - Test video s\n+00040260: 7562 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ubsystem.. ...\n+00040270: 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f74 6573 74e2 8099 ...videotest...\n+00040280: 202d 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 6f20 7375 - Test video su\n+00040290: 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 206d 6f64 6520 bsystem in mode \n+000402a0: 5778 482e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 WxH.. ... ...w\n+000402b0: 7269 7465 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2057 rite_byte... - W\n+000402c0: 7269 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 rite 8-bit VALUE\n+000402d0: 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 to ADDR.. ...\n+000402e0: 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 6477 6f72 64e2 ...write_dword.\n+000402f0: 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 .. - Write 32-bi\n+00040300: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e t VALUE to ADDR.\n+00040310: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 . ... ...write\n+00040320: 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 _word... - Write\n+00040330: 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 16-bit VALUE to\n+00040340: 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ADDR.. ... ..\n+00040350: 9878 656e 5f63 6174 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 .xen_cat... - Li\n+00040360: 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a st Xen storage..\n+00040370: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f 6c73 ... ...xen_ls\n+00040380: e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 ... - List Xen s\n+00040390: 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 torage.. ... .\n+000403a0: 8098 786e 755f 6465 7670 726f 705f 6c6f ..xnu_devprop_lo\n+000403b0: 6164 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2027 6465 ad... - Load 'de\n+000403c0: 7669 6365 2d70 726f 7065 7274 6965 7327 vice-properties'\n+000403d0: 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 dump.. ... ..\n+000403e0: 9878 6e75 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 202d 2054 .xnu_uuid... - T\n+000403f0: 7261 6e73 666f 726d 2036 342d 6269 7420 ransform 64-bit \n+00040400: 5555 4944 2074 6f20 666f 726d 6174 2073 UUID to format s\n+00040410: 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 584e 552e uitable for XNU.\n+00040420: 2049 660a 2020 2020 202d 6c20 6973 2067 If. -l is g\n+00040430: 6976 656e 206b 6565 7020 6974 206c 6f77 iven keep it low\n+00040440: 6572 6361 7365 2061 7320 646f 6e65 2062 ercase as done b\n+00040450: 7920 626c 6b69 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 y blkid.. ... \n+00040460: e280 987a 6673 2d62 6f6f 7466 73e2 8099 ...zfs-bootfs...\n+00040470: 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 2d42 4f4f - Print ZFS-BOO\n+00040480: 5446 534f 424a 206f 7220 7374 6f72 6520 TFSOBJ or store \n+00040490: 6974 2069 6e74 6f20 5641 5249 4142 4c45 it into VARIABLE\n+000404a0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 696e . ... ...zfsin\n+000404b0: 666f e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 5a46 fo... - Print ZF\n+000404c0: 5320 696e 666f 2061 626f 7574 2044 4556 S info about DEV\n+000404d0: 4943 452e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a ICE.. ... ...z\n+000404e0: 6673 6b65 79e2 8099 202d 2049 6d70 6f72 fskey... - Impor\n+000404f0: 7420 5a46 5320 7772 6170 7069 6e67 206b t ZFS wrapping k\n+00040500: 6579 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2046 494c ey stored in FIL\n+00040510: 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 E.....File: grub\n+00040520: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n+00040530: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n+00040540: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 on, Next: Secur\n+00040550: 6974 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d ity, Prev: Comm\n+00040560: 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ands, Up: Top..\n+00040570: 3138 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 18 International\n+00040580: 6973 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a isation.********\n+00040590: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+000405a0: 0a31 382e 3120 4368 6172 7365 740a 3d3d .18.1 Charset.==\n+000405b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 ==========..GRUB\n+000405c0: 2075 7365 7320 5554 462d 3820 696e 7465 uses UTF-8 inte\n+000405d0: 726e 616c 6c79 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 rnally other tha\n+000405e0: 6e20 696e 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2077 n in rendering w\n+000405f0: 6865 7265 2073 6f6d 650a 4752 5542 2d73 here some.GRUB-s\n+00040600: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6170 7072 6f70 7269 pecific appropri\n+00040610: 6174 6520 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 ate representati\n+00040620: 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2e20 2041 6c6c on is used. 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A\n+00040710: 4653 2061 6e64 2042 4653 2061 7265 0a72 FS and BFS are.r\n+00040720: 6561 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6167 ead as UTF-8, ag\n+00040730: 6169 6e20 6163 636f 7264 696e 6720 746f ain according to\n+00040740: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 specification. \n+00040750: 2042 7472 4653 2c20 6370 696f 2c20 7461 BtrFS, cpio, ta\n+00040760: 722c 0a73 7175 6173 6834 2c20 6d69 6e69 r,.squash4, mini\n+00040770: 782c 206d 696e 6978 322c 206d 696e 6978 x, minix2, minix\n+00040780: 332c 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 3, ROMFS, Reiser\n+00040790: 4653 2c20 5846 532c 2065 7874 322c 2065 FS, XFS, ext2, e\n+000407a0: 7874 332c 2065 7874 342c 0a46 4154 2028 xt3, ext4,.FAT (\n+000407b0: 7368 6f72 7420 6e61 6d65 7329 2c20 4632 short names), F2\n+000407c0: 4653 2c20 526f 636b 5269 6467 6520 7061 FS, RockRidge pa\n+000407d0: 7274 206f 6620 4953 4f39 3636 302c 206e rt of ISO9660, n\n+000407e0: 696c 6673 322c 2055 4653 312c 2055 4653 ilfs2, UFS1, UFS\n+000407f0: 320a 616e 6420 5a46 5320 6172 6520 6173 2.and ZFS are as\n+00040800: 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 5554 462d sumed to be UTF-\n+00040810: 382e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6967 6874 2062 8. This might b\n+00040820: 6520 6661 6c73 6520 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 e false on syste\n+00040830: 6d73 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 7769 ms.configured wi\n+00040840: 7468 206c 6567 6163 7920 6368 6172 7365 th legacy charse\n+00040850: 7420 6275 7420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 t but as long as\n+00040860: 2074 6865 2063 6861 7273 6574 2075 7365 the charset use\n+00040870: 6420 6973 0a73 7570 6572 7365 7420 6f66 d is.superset of\n+00040880: 2041 5343 4949 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c ASCII you shoul\n+00040890: 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2061 6363 d be able to acc\n+000408a0: 6573 7320 4153 4349 492d 6e61 6d65 6420 ess ASCII-named \n+000408b0: 6669 6c65 732e 2020 416e 640a 6974 2773 files. And.it's\n+000408c0: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 recommended to \n+000408d0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 796f 7572 2073 configure your s\n+000408e0: 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2075 7365 2055 5446 ystem to use UTF\n+000408f0: 2d38 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 -8 to access the\n+00040900: 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2063 6f6e .filesystem, con\n+00040910: 766d 7620 6d61 7920 6865 6c70 2077 6974 vmv may help wit\n+00040920: 6820 6d69 6772 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4953 h migration. IS\n+00040930: 4f39 3636 3020 2870 6c61 696e 2920 6669 O9660 (plain) fi\n+00040940: 6c65 6e61 6d65 730a 6172 6520 7370 6563 lenames.are spec\n+00040950: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2062 6569 6e67 2041 ified as being A\n+00040960: 5343 4949 206f 7220 6265 696e 6720 6465 SCII or being de\n+00040970: 7363 7269 6265 6420 7769 7468 2075 6e73 scribed with uns\n+00040980: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2065 7363 6170 650a pecified escape.\n+00040990: 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e 2020 4752 5542 sequences. GRUB\n+000409a0: 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 assumes that th\n+000409b0: 6520 4953 4f39 3636 3020 6e61 6d65 7320 e ISO9660 names \n+000409c0: 6172 6520 5554 462d 3820 2873 696e 6365 are UTF-8 (since\n+000409d0: 2061 6e79 0a41 5343 4949 2069 7320 7661 any.ASCII is va\n+000409e0: 6c69 6420 5554 462d 3829 2e20 2054 6865 lid UTF-8). The\n+000409f0: 7265 2061 7265 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6420 re are some old \n+00040a00: 4344 2d52 4f4d 7320 7768 6963 6820 7573 CD-ROMs which us\n+00040a10: 6520 4350 3433 3720 696e 0a6e 6f6e 2d63 e CP437 in.non-c\n+00040a20: 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2077 6179 2e20 2059 ompliant way. Y\n+00040a30: 6f75 2772 6520 7374 696c 6c20 6162 6c65 ou're still able\n+00040a40: 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2066 696c 6573 to access files\n+00040a50: 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 730a 636f 6e74 with names.cont\n+00040a60: 6169 6e69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 aining only ASCI\n+00040a70: 4920 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 206f 6e20 I characters on \n+00040a80: 7375 6368 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 such filesystems\n+00040a90: 2074 686f 7567 682e 2020 596f 7527 7265 though. You're\n+00040aa0: 0a61 6c73 6f20 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6163 .also able to ac\n+00040ab0: 6365 7373 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6966 cess any file if\n+00040ac0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 the filesystem \n+00040ad0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2076 616c 6964 204a contains valid J\n+00040ae0: 6f6c 6965 740a 2855 5446 2d31 3629 206f oliet.(UTF-16) o\n+00040af0: 7220 526f 636b 5269 6467 6520 2855 5446 r RockRidge (UTF\n+00040b00: 2d38 292e 2020 4146 4653 2c20 5346 5320 -8). 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The fil\n+00040c60: 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2069 6e20 7175 6573 esystems in ques\n+00040c70: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 4e54 4653 2028 tions are NTFS (\n+00040c80: 6578 6365 7074 2050 4f53 4958 0a6e 616d except POSIX.nam\n+00040c90: 6573 7061 6365 292c 2048 4653 2b20 2863 espace), HFS+ (c\n+00040ca0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 6174 206d onfigurable at m\n+00040cb0: 6b66 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 6465 6661 756c kfs time, defaul\n+00040cc0: 7420 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2c20 t insensitive), \n+00040cd0: 5346 530a 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c SFS.(configurabl\n+00040ce0: 6520 6174 206d 6b66 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 e at mkfs time, \n+00040cf0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7365 6e73 6974 default insensit\n+00040d00: 6976 6529 2c20 4a46 5320 2863 6f6e 6669 ive), JFS (confi\n+00040d10: 6775 7261 626c 6520 6174 0a6d 6b66 7320 gurable at.mkfs \n+00040d20: 7469 6d65 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 time, default se\n+00040d30: 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2c20 4846 532c 2041 nsitive), HFS, A\n+00040d40: 4646 532c 2046 4154 2c20 6578 4641 5420 FFS, FAT, exFAT \n+00040d50: 616e 6420 5a46 530a 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 and ZFS.(configu\n+00040d60: 7261 626c 6520 6f6e 2070 6572 2d73 7562 rable on per-sub\n+00040d70: 766f 6c75 6d65 2062 6173 6973 2062 7920 volume basis by \n+00040d80: 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2022 6361 7365 7365 property \"casese\n+00040d90: 6e73 6974 6976 6974 7922 2c0a 6465 6661 nsitivity\",.defa\n+00040da0: 756c 7420 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2e20 ult sensitive). \n+00040db0: 204f 6e20 5a46 5320 7375 6276 6f6c 756d On ZFS subvolum\n+00040dc0: 6573 206d 6172 6b65 6420 6173 2063 6173 es marked as cas\n+00040dd0: 6520 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6520 6669 e insensitive fi\n+00040de0: 6c65 730a 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206c les.containing l\n+00040df0: 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 owercase interna\n+00040e00: 7469 6f6e 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 tional character\n+00040e10: 7320 6172 6520 696e 6163 6365 7373 6962 s are inaccessib\n+00040e20: 6c65 2e20 2041 6c73 6f0a 6c69 6b65 2061 le. Also.like a\n+00040e30: 6c6c 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2066 696c ll supported fil\n+00040e40: 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2065 7863 6570 7420 esystems except \n+00040e50: 4846 532b 2061 6e64 205a 4653 2028 636f HFS+ and ZFS (co\n+00040e60: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 206f 6e0a 7065 nfigurable on.pe\n+00040e70: 722d 7375 6276 6f6c 756d 6520 6261 7369 r-subvolume basi\n+00040e80: 7320 6279 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 226e s by property \"n\n+00040e90: 6f72 6d61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 222c 2064 ormalization\", d\n+00040ea0: 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6f6e 6529 2047 5255 efault none) GRU\n+00040eb0: 420a 6d61 6b65 7320 6e6f 2061 7474 656d B.makes no attem\n+00040ec0: 7074 2061 7420 6368 6563 6b20 6f66 2063 pt at check of c\n+00040ed0: 616e 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 7175 6976 616c anonical equival\n+00040ee0: 656e 6365 2073 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 206e ence so a file n\n+00040ef0: 616d 650a 752d 6469 6172 6573 6973 2069 ame.u-diaresis i\n+00040f00: 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2064 6973 s treated as dis\n+00040f10: 7469 6e63 7420 6672 6f6d 2075 2b63 6f6d tinct from u+com\n+00040f20: 6269 6e69 6e67 2064 6961 7265 7369 732e bining diaresis.\n+00040f30: 2020 5468 6973 0a68 6f77 6576 6572 206d This.however m\n+00040f40: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 696e 206f 7264 eans that in ord\n+00040f50: 6572 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2066 696c er to access fil\n+00040f60: 6520 6f6e 2048 4653 2b20 6974 7320 6e61 e on HFS+ its na\n+00040f70: 6d65 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a73 7065 6369 me must be.speci\n+00040f80: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 6973 fied in normalis\n+00040f90: 6174 696f 6e20 666f 726d 2044 2e20 4f6e ation form D. On\n+00040fa0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c69 7a65 6420 5a46 5320 normalized ZFS \n+00040fb0: 7375 6276 6f6c 756d 6573 0a66 696c 656e subvolumes.filen\n+00040fc0: 616d 6573 206f 7574 206f 6620 6e6f 726d ames out of norm\n+00040fd0: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 6172 6520 696e alisation are in\n+00040fe0: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2e0a 0a31 382e accessible...18.\n+00040ff0: 3320 4f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 3 Output termina\n+00041000: 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l.==============\n+00041010: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4669 726d 7761 7265 ======..Firmware\n+00041020: 206f 7574 7075 7420 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 output console \n+00041030: 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2220 6f6e 2041 5243 \"console\" on ARC\n+00041040: 2061 6e64 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 6172 and IEEE1275 ar\n+00041050: 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a41 5343 e limited to.ASC\n+00041060: 4949 2e0a 0a20 2020 4249 4f53 2066 6972 II... BIOS fir\n+00041070: 6d77 6172 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e mware console an\n+00041080: 6420 5647 4120 7465 7874 2061 7265 206c d VGA text are l\n+00041090: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 4153 4349 4920 imited to ASCII \n+000410a0: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 and some.pseudog\n+000410b0: 7261 7068 6963 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e raphics... Non\n+000410c0: 6520 6f66 2061 626f 7665 206d 656e 7469 e of above menti\n+000410d0: 6f6e 6564 2069 7320 6170 7072 6f70 7269 oned is appropri\n+000410e0: 6174 6520 666f 7220 6469 7370 6c61 7969 ate for displayi\n+000410f0: 6e67 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c ng international\n+00041100: 0a61 6e64 2061 6e79 2075 6e73 7570 706f .and any unsuppo\n+00041110: 7274 6564 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2069 rted character i\n+00041120: 7320 7265 706c 6163 6564 2077 6974 6820 s replaced with \n+00041130: 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 206d 6172 6b20 6578 question mark ex\n+00041140: 6365 7074 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 cept.pseudograph\n+00041150: 6963 7320 7768 6963 6820 7765 2061 7474 ics which we att\n+00041160: 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6170 7072 6f78 696d empt to approxim\n+00041170: 6174 6520 7769 7468 2041 5343 4949 2e0a ate with ASCII..\n+00041180: 0a20 2020 4546 4920 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 . EFI console \n+00041190: 6f6e 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 2068 616e on the other han\n+000411a0: 6420 6e6f 6d69 6e61 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 d nominally supp\n+000411b0: 6f72 7473 2055 5446 2d31 3620 6275 7420 orts UTF-16 but \n+000411c0: 6163 7475 616c 0a6c 616e 6775 6167 6520 actual.language \n+000411d0: 636f 7665 7261 6765 2064 6570 656e 6473 coverage depends\n+000411e0: 206f 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2061 6e64 on firmware and\n+000411f0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7665 7279 206c 696d may be very lim\n+00041200: 6974 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 656e ited... The en\n+00041210: 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 coding used on s\n+00041220: 6572 6961 6c20 6361 6e20 6265 2063 686f erial can be cho\n+00041230: 7365 6e20 7769 7468 20e2 8098 7465 726d sen with ...term\n+00041240: 696e 666f e280 9920 6173 2065 6974 6865 info... as eithe\n+00041250: 720a 4153 4349 492c 2055 5446 2d38 206f r.ASCII, UTF-8 o\n+00041260: 7220 2276 6973 7561 6c20 5554 462d 3822 r \"visual UTF-8\"\n+00041270: 2e20 204c 6173 7420 6f6e 6520 6973 2061 . Last one is a\n+00041280: 6761 696e 7374 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 gainst the speci\n+00041290: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 0a62 7574 2072 6573 fication.but res\n+000412a0: 756c 7473 2069 6e20 636f 7272 6563 7420 ults in correct \n+000412b0: 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 6f66 2072 6967 rendering of rig\n+000412c0: 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 6674 206f 6e20 736f ht-to-left on so\n+000412d0: 6d65 2072 6561 6465 7273 2077 6869 6368 me readers which\n+000412e0: 0a64 6f6e 2774 2068 6176 6520 6f77 6e20 .don't have own \n+000412f0: 6269 6469 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 bidi implementat\n+00041300: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 656d 7520 ion... On emu \n+00041310: 4752 5542 2063 6865 636b 7320 6966 2063 GRUB checks if c\n+00041320: 6861 7273 6574 2069 7320 5554 462d 3820 harset is UTF-8 \n+00041330: 616e 6420 7573 6573 2069 7420 6966 2073 and uses it if s\n+00041340: 6f20 616e 6420 7573 6573 0a41 5343 4949 o and uses.ASCII\n+00041350: 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 otherwise... \n+00041360: 5768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 2067 6678 7465 When using gfxte\n+00041370: 726d 206f 7220 6766 786d 656e 7520 4752 rm or gfxmenu GR\n+00041380: 5542 2069 7473 656c 6620 6973 2072 6573 UB itself is res\n+00041390: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 0a72 656e ponsible for.ren\n+000413a0: 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e dering the text.\n+000413b0: 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2047 In this case G\n+000413c0: 5255 4220 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 RUB is limited b\n+000413d0: 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 y loaded fonts. \n+000413e0: 2049 660a 666f 6e74 7320 636f 6e74 6169 If.fonts contai\n+000413f0: 6e20 616c 6c20 7265 7175 6972 6564 2063 n all required c\n+00041400: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 7468 656e 2062 haracters then b\n+00041410: 6964 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6578 idirectional tex\n+00041420: 742c 2063 7572 7369 7665 0a76 6172 6961 t, cursive.varia\n+00041430: 6e74 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d62 696e 696e nts and combinin\n+00041440: 6720 6d61 726b 7320 6f74 6865 7220 7468 g marks other th\n+00041450: 616e 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 2c20 6861 an enclosing, ha\n+00041460: 6c66 2028 652e 672e 2020 6c65 6674 2068 lf (e.g. left h\n+00041470: 616c 660a 7469 6c64 6520 6f72 2063 6f6d alf.tilde or com\n+00041480: 6269 6e69 6e67 206f 7665 726c 696e 6529 bining overline)\n+00041490: 2061 6e64 2064 6f75 626c 6520 6f6e 6573 and double ones\n+000414a0: 2e20 204c 6967 6174 7572 6573 2061 7265 . Ligatures are\n+000414b0: 6e27 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7468 n't.supported th\n+000414c0: 6f75 6768 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7368 6f75 ough. This shou\n+000414d0: 6c64 2063 6f76 6572 2045 7572 6f70 6561 ld cover Europea\n+000414e0: 6e2c 204d 6964 646c 6520 4561 7374 6572 n, Middle Easter\n+000414f0: 6e20 2869 6620 796f 750a 646f 6e27 7420 n (if you.don't \n+00041500: 6d69 6e64 206c 6163 6b20 6f66 206c 616d mind lack of lam\n+00041510: 2d61 6c69 6620 6c69 6761 7475 7265 2069 -alif ligature i\n+00041520: 6e20 4172 6162 6963 2920 616e 6420 4561 n Arabic) and Ea\n+00041530: 7374 2041 7369 616e 2073 6372 6970 7473 st Asian scripts\n+00041540: 2e0a 4e6f 7461 626c 6520 756e 7375 7070 ..Notable unsupp\n+00041550: 6f72 7465 6420 7363 7269 7074 7320 6172 orted scripts ar\n+00041560: 6520 4272 6168 6d69 6320 6661 6d69 6c79 e Brahmic family\n+00041570: 2061 6e64 2064 6572 6976 6564 2061 7320 and derived as \n+00041580: 7765 6c6c 2061 730a 4d6f 6e67 6f6c 6961 well as.Mongolia\n+00041590: 6e2c 2054 6966 696e 6167 682c 204b 6f72 n, Tifinagh, Kor\n+000415a0: 6561 6e20 4a61 6d6f 2028 7072 6563 6f6d ean Jamo (precom\n+000415b0: 706f 7365 6420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 posed characters\n+000415c0: 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 0a70 726f 626c 656d have no.problem\n+000415d0: 2920 616e 6420 746f 6e61 6c20 7772 6974 ) and tonal writ\n+000415e0: 696e 6720 2832 6535 2d32 6539 292e 2020 ing (2e5-2e9). \n+000415f0: 4752 5542 2061 6c73 6f20 6967 6e6f 7265 GRUB also ignore\n+00041600: 7320 6465 7072 6563 6174 6564 2028 6173 s deprecated (as\n+00041610: 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 556e .specified in Un\n+00041620: 6963 6f64 6529 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 icode) character\n+00041630: 7320 2865 2e67 2e20 2074 6167 7329 2e20 s (e.g. tags). \n+00041640: 2047 5255 4220 616c 736f 2064 6f65 736e GRUB also doesn\n+00041650: 2774 2068 616e 646c 650a 736f 2063 616c 't handle.so cal\n+00041660: 6c65 6420 2261 6e6e 6f74 6174 696f 6e20 led \"annotation \n+00041670: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2220 4966 2079 characters\" If y\n+00041680: 6f75 2063 616e 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6520 ou can complete \n+00041690: 6569 7468 6572 206f 6620 7477 6f0a 6c69 either of two.li\n+000416a0: 7374 7320 6f72 2c20 6265 7474 6572 2c20 sts or, better, \n+000416b0: 7072 6f70 6f73 6520 6120 7061 7463 6820 propose a patch \n+000416c0: 746f 2069 6d70 726f 7665 2072 656e 6465 to improve rende\n+000416d0: 7269 6e67 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2063 6f6e ring, please con\n+000416e0: 7461 6374 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2074 tact.developer t\n+000416f0: 6561 6d2e 0a0a 3138 2e34 2049 6e70 7574 eam...18.4 Input\n+00041700: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d terminal.======\n+00041710: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a46 =============..F\n+00041720: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 irmware console \n+00041730: 6f6e 2042 494f 532c 2049 4545 4531 3237 on BIOS, IEEE127\n+00041740: 3520 616e 6420 4152 4320 646f 6573 6e27 5 and ARC doesn'\n+00041750: 7420 616c 6c6f 7720 796f 7520 746f 2065 t allow you to e\n+00041760: 6e74 6572 0a6e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2063 nter.non-ASCII c\n+00041770: 6861 7261 6374 6572 732e 2020 4546 4920 haracters. EFI \n+00041780: 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616c specification al\n+00041790: 6c6f 7773 2066 6f72 2073 7563 6820 6275 lows for such bu\n+000417a0: 7420 6175 7468 6f72 2069 730a 756e 6177 t author is.unaw\n+000417b0: 6172 6520 6f66 2061 6e79 2061 6374 7561 are of any actua\n+000417c0: 6c20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e l implementation\n+000417d0: 732e 2020 5365 7269 616c 2069 6e70 7574 s. Serial input\n+000417e0: 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 6c69 is currently.li\n+000417f0: 6d69 7465 6420 666f 7220 6c61 7469 6e31 mited for latin1\n+00041800: 2028 756e 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 6368 (unlikely to ch\n+00041810: 616e 6765 292e 2020 4f77 6e20 6b65 7962 ange). Own keyb\n+00041820: 6f61 7264 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 oard implementat\n+00041830: 696f 6e73 0a28 6174 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 ions.(at_keyboar\n+00041840: 6420 616e 6420 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 d and usb_keyboa\n+00041850: 7264 2920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 6e79 rd) supports any\n+00041860: 206b 6579 2062 7574 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e key but work on\n+00041870: 0a6f 6e65 2d63 6861 722d 7065 722d 6b65 .one-char-per-ke\n+00041880: 7973 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 536f 206e 6f20 ystroke. So no \n+00041890: 6465 6164 206b 6579 7320 6f72 2061 6476 dead keys or adv\n+000418a0: 616e 6365 6420 696e 7075 7420 6d65 7468 anced input meth\n+000418b0: 6f64 2e20 2041 6c73 6f0a 7468 6572 6520 od. Also.there \n+000418c0: 6973 206e 6f20 6b65 796d 6170 2063 6861 is no keymap cha\n+000418d0: 6e67 6520 686f 746b 6579 2e20 2049 6e20 nge hotkey. In \n+000418e0: 7072 6163 7469 6365 2069 7420 6d61 6b65 practice it make\n+000418f0: 7320 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 746f 0a65 s difficult to.e\n+00041900: 6e74 6572 2061 6e79 2074 6578 7420 7573 nter any text us\n+00041910: 696e 6720 6e6f 6e2d 4c61 7469 6e20 616c ing non-Latin al\n+00041920: 7068 6162 6574 2e20 204d 6f72 656f 7665 phabet. Moreove\n+00041930: 7220 616c 6c20 6375 7272 656e 7420 696e r all current in\n+00041940: 7075 740a 636f 6e73 756d 6572 7320 6172 put.consumers ar\n+00041950: 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2041 5343 e limited to ASC\n+00041960: 4949 2e0a 0a31 382e 3520 4765 7474 6578 II...18.5 Gettex\n+00041970: 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a t.============..\n+00041980: 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6265 GRUB supports be\n+00041990: 696e 6720 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2e20 ing translated. \n+000419a0: 2046 6f72 2074 6869 7320 796f 7520 6e65 For this you ne\n+000419b0: 6564 2074 6f20 6861 7665 206c 616e 6775 ed to have langu\n+000419c0: 6167 6520 2a2e 6d6f 0a66 696c 6573 2069 age *.mo.files i\n+000419d0: 6e20 2470 7265 6669 782f 6c6f 6361 6c65 n $prefix/locale\n+000419e0: 2c20 6c6f 6164 2067 6574 7465 7874 206d , load gettext m\n+000419f0: 6f64 756c 6520 616e 6420 7365 7420 226c odule and set \"l\n+00041a00: 616e 6722 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 0a0a ang\" variable...\n+00041a10: 3138 2e36 2052 6567 6578 700a 3d3d 3d3d 18.6 Regexp.====\n+00041a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6567 6578 7073 =======..Regexps\n+00041a30: 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2075 6e69 636f 6465 work on unicode\n+00041a40: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 732c 2068 6f77 characters, how\n+00041a50: 6576 6572 206e 6f20 6174 7465 6d70 7420 ever no attempt \n+00041a60: 6174 2063 6865 636b 696e 670a 6361 6e6e at checking.cann\n+00041a70: 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e onical equivalen\n+00041a80: 6365 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6d61 6465 ce has been made\n+00041a90: 2e20 204d 6f72 656f 7665 7220 7468 6520 . Moreover the \n+00041aa0: 636c 6173 7365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a5b 3a61 classes like.[:a\n+00041ab0: 6c70 6861 3a5d 206d 6174 6368 206f 6e6c lpha:] match onl\n+00041ac0: 7920 4153 4349 4920 7375 6273 6574 2e0a y ASCII subset..\n+00041ad0: 0a31 382e 3720 4f74 6865 720a 3d3d 3d3d .18.7 Other.====\n+00041ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4375 7272 656e 746c ======..Currentl\n+00041af0: 7920 4752 5542 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 y GRUB always us\n+00041b00: 6573 2059 4541 522d 4d4f 4e54 482d 4441 es YEAR-MONTH-DA\n+00041b10: 5920 484f 5552 3a4d 494e 5554 453a 5345 Y HOUR:MINUTE:SE\n+00041b20: 434f 4e44 205b 5745 454b 4441 595d 0a32 COND [WEEKDAY].2\n+00041b30: 342d 686f 7572 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 4-hour datetime \n+00041b40: 666f 726d 6174 2062 7574 2077 6565 6b64 format but weekd\n+00041b50: 6179 7320 6172 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 ays are translat\n+00041b60: 6564 2e20 2047 5255 4220 616c 7761 7973 ed. GRUB always\n+00041b70: 2075 7365 730a 7468 6520 6465 6369 6d61 uses.the decima\n+00041b80: 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 l number format \n+00041b90: 7769 7468 205b 302d 395d 2061 7320 6469 with [0-9] as di\n+00041ba0: 6769 7473 2061 6e64 202e 2020 6173 2064 gits and . as d\n+00041bb0: 6573 6369 6d61 6c0a 7365 7061 7261 746f escimal.separato\n+00041bc0: 7220 616e 6420 6e6f 2067 726f 7570 2073 r and no group s\n+00041bd0: 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2e20 2049 4545 4531 eparator. IEEE1\n+00041be0: 3237 3520 616c 6961 7365 7320 6172 6520 275 aliases are \n+00041bf0: 6d61 7463 6865 640a 6361 7365 2d69 6e73 matched.case-ins\n+00041c00: 656e 7369 7469 7665 6c79 2065 7863 6570 ensitively excep\n+00041c10: 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 7768 6963 t non-ASCII whic\n+00041c20: 6820 6973 206d 6174 6368 6564 2061 7320 h is matched as \n+00041c30: 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 2053 696d 696c 6172 binary. Similar\n+00041c40: 0a62 6568 6176 696f 7572 2069 7320 666f .behaviour is fo\n+00041c50: 7220 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 204f 5342 756e r matching OSBun\n+00041c60: 646c 6552 6571 7569 7265 642e 2020 5369 dleRequired. Si\n+00041c70: 6e63 6520 4945 4545 3132 3735 2061 6c69 nce IEEE1275 ali\n+00041c80: 6173 6573 2061 6e64 0a4f 5342 756e 646c ases and.OSBundl\n+00041c90: 6552 6571 7569 7265 6420 646f 6e27 7420 eRequired don't \n+00041ca0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 7920 6e6f 6e2d contain any non-\n+00041cb0: 4153 4349 4920 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 ASCII it should \n+00041cc0: 6e65 7665 7220 6265 2061 0a70 726f 626c never be a.probl\n+00041cd0: 656d 2069 6e20 7072 6163 7469 6365 2e20 em in practice. \n+00041ce0: 2043 6173 652d 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6520 Case-sensitive \n+00041cf0: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 6172 6520 identifiers are \n+00041d00: 6d61 7463 6865 6420 6173 2072 6177 0a73 matched as raw.s\n+00041d10: 7472 696e 6773 2c20 6e6f 2063 616e 6f6e trings, no canon\n+00041d20: 6963 616c 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 ical equivalence\n+00041d30: 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 7065 7266 6f72 check is perfor\n+00041d40: 6d65 642e 2020 4361 7365 2d69 6e73 656e med. Case-insen\n+00041d50: 7374 6976 650a 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 stive.identifier\n+00041d60: 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 6420 6173 s are matched as\n+00041d70: 2052 4157 2062 7574 2061 6464 6974 696f RAW but additio\n+00041d80: 6e61 6c6c 7920 5b61 2d7a 5d20 6973 2065 nally [a-z] is e\n+00041d90: 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 0a5b 412d quivalent to.[A-\n+00041da0: 5a5d 2e20 4752 5542 2d64 6566 696e 6564 Z]. GRUB-defined\n+00041db0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2075 7365 identifiers use\n+00041dc0: 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 4920 616e 6420 only ASCII and \n+00041dd0: 736f 2073 686f 756c 640a 7573 6572 2d64 so should.user-d\n+00041de0: 6566 696e 6564 206f 6e65 732e 2020 4964 efined ones. Id\n+00041df0: 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 636f 6e74 6169 entifiers contai\n+00041e00: 6e69 6e67 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 206d ning non-ASCII m\n+00041e10: 6179 2077 6f72 6b20 6275 7420 6172 656e ay work but aren\n+00041e20: 2774 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e20 204f 't.supported. 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signatures::\n+000420b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 Booting\n+000420c0: 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 digitally signe\n+000420d0: 6420 636f 6465 0a2a 2055 4546 4920 7365 d code.* UEFI se\n+000420e0: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 cure boot and sh\n+000420f0: 696d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f74 im:: Boot\n+00042100: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 ing digitally si\n+00042110: 676e 6564 2050 4520 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 gned PE files.* \n+00042120: 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 Secure Boot Adva\n+00042130: 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 3a3a nced Targeting::\n+00042140: 2020 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 666f Embedded info\n+00042150: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6765 6e65 rmation for gene\n+00042160: 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6261 ration number ba\n+00042170: 7365 6420 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 0a2a sed revocation.*\n+00042180: 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 3a3a Measured Boot::\n+00042190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000421a0: 2020 2020 4d65 6173 7572 696e 6720 626f Measuring bo\n+000421b0: 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 2a20 ot components.* \n+000421c0: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 Lockdown:: \n 000421d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000421e0: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 7768 Lockdown wh\n-000421f0: 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 6120 en booting on a \n-00042200: 7365 6375 7265 2073 6574 7570 0a0a 1f0a secure setup....\n-00042210: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00042220: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 Node: Authenti\n-00042230: 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f cation and autho\n-00042240: 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a risation, Next:\n-00042250: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n-00042260: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ignatures, Up: \n-00042270: 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e31 2041 Security..19.1 A\n-00042280: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 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F\n-000423a0: 6f72 0a6d 6f73 7420 7379 7374 656d 732c or.most systems,\n-000423b0: 2074 6869 7320 6973 2072 6561 736f 6e61 this is reasona\n-000423c0: 626c 6520 7369 6e63 6520 616e 796f 6e65 ble since anyone\n-000423d0: 2077 6974 6820 6469 7265 6374 2070 6879 with direct phy\n-000423e0: 7369 6361 6c0a 6163 6365 7373 2068 6173 sical.access has\n-000423f0: 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 6f74 a variety of ot\n-00042400: 6865 7220 7761 7973 2074 6f20 6761 696e her ways to gain\n-00042410: 2066 756c 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2c20 616e full access, an\n-00042420: 6420 7265 7175 6972 696e 670a 6175 7468 d requiring.auth\n-00042430: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 7420 7468 entication at th\n-00042440: 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6c65 e boot loader le\n-00042450: 7665 6c20 776f 756c 6420 6f6e 6c79 2073 vel would only s\n-00042460: 6572 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 740a erve to make it.\n-00042470: 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 746f 2072 6563 difficult to rec\n-00042480: 6f76 6572 2062 726f 6b65 6e20 7379 7374 over broken syst\n-00042490: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 ems... 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Not\n-00042940: 653a 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 e: The environme\n-00042950: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e65 6564 nt variable need\n-00042960: 730a 746f 2062 6520 6578 706f 7274 6564 s.to be exported\n-00042970: 2074 6f20 616c 736f 2061 6666 6563 7420 to also affect \n-00042980: 7468 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 the section defi\n-00042990: 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7375 ned by the ...su\n-000429a0: 626d 656e 75e2 8099 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 bmenu....command\n-000429b0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 626d 656e 753a (*note submenu:\n-000429c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f74 6865 7220 7573 :)... Other us\n-000429d0: 6572 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 ers may be allow\n-000429e0: 6564 2074 6f20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7370 ed to execute sp\n-000429f0: 6563 6966 6963 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ecific menu entr\n-00042a00: 6965 7320 6279 2067 6976 696e 670a 6120 ies by giving.a \n-00042a10: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7573 6572 6e61 6d65 list of username\n-00042a20: 7320 2861 7320 6162 6f76 6529 2075 7369 s (as above) usi\n-00042a30: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 ng the ...--user\n-00042a40: 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 2074 s... option to t\n-00042a50: 6865 0ae2 8098 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 79e2 he....menuentry.\n-00042a60: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n-00042a70: 6520 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a 3a29 2e20 e menuentry::). \n-00042a80: 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d75 6e72 If the ...--unr\n-00042a90: 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 206f 7074 estricted... opt\n-00042aa0: 696f 6e0a 6973 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 ion.is used for \n-00042ab0: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 a menu entry, th\n-00042ac0: 656e 2074 6861 7420 656e 7472 7920 6973 en that entry is\n-00042ad0: 2075 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 642e 2020 unrestricted. \n-00042ae0: 4966 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 If the....--user\n-00042af0: 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206e s... option is n\n-00042b00: 6f74 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 6d65 ot used for a me\n-00042b10: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 656e 2074 nu entry, then t\n-00042b20: 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 6572 7573 hat only superus\n-00042b30: 6572 730a 6172 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 ers.are able to \n-00042b40: 7573 6520 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 5075 7474 use it... Putt\n-00042b50: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 ing this togethe\n-00042b60: 722c 2061 2074 7970 6963 616c 20e2 8098 r, a typical ...\n-00042b70: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6672 6167 grub.cfg... frag\n-00042b80: 6d65 6e74 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 ment might look \n-00042b90: 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like.this:.. \n-00042ba0: 2073 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733d set superusers=\n-00042bb0: 2272 6f6f 7422 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 \"root\". pass\n-00042bc0: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 3220 726f 6f74 word_pbkdf2 root\n-00042bd0: 2067 7275 622e 7062 6b64 6632 2e73 6861 grub.pbkdf2.sha\n-00042be0: 3531 322e 3130 3030 302e 6269 676c 6f6e 512.10000.biglon\n-00042bf0: 6773 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2070 6173 gstring. pas\n-00042c00: 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 3120 696e 7365 sword user1 inse\n-00042c10: 6375 7265 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 cure.. menue\n-00042c20: 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 7920 6265 2072 756e ntry \"May be run\n-00042c30: 2062 7920 616e 7920 7573 6572 2220 2d2d by any user\" --\n-00042c40: 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 207b 0a20 unrestricted {. \n-00042c50: 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 .set root=(h\n-00042c60: 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 d0,1). .linu\n-00042c70: 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a20 2020 2020 x /vmlinuz. \n-00042c80: 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 }.. menuentr\n-00042c90: 7920 2253 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 6f6e y \"Superusers on\n-00042ca0: 6c79 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 2222 207b ly\" --users \"\" {\n-00042cb0: 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d . .set root=\n-00042cc0: 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2009 6c69 (hd0,1). .li\n-00042cd0: 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2073 696e nux /vmlinuz sin\n-00042ce0: 676c 650a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 gle. }.. \n-00042cf0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 7920 menuentry \"May \n-00042d00: 6265 2072 756e 2062 7920 7573 6572 3120 be run by user1 \n-00042d10: 6f72 2061 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 2220 or a superuser\" \n-00042d20: 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 7573 6572 3120 7b0a --users user1 {.\n-00042d30: 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 .set root=(\n-00042d40: 6864 302c 3229 0a20 2020 2020 0963 6861 hd0,2). .cha\n-00042d50: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 202b 310a 2020 2020 inloader +1. \n-00042d60: 207d 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6772 }.. The ...gr\n-00042d70: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2070 ub-mkconfig... p\n-00042d80: 726f 6772 616d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 rogram does not \n-00042d90: 7965 7420 6861 7665 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 yet have built-i\n-00042da0: 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 720a 6765 n support for.ge\n-00042db0: 6e65 7261 7469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 nerating configu\n-00042dc0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2077 6974 ration files wit\n-00042dd0: 6820 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e h authentication\n-00042de0: 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0ae2 . You can use..\n-00042df0: 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f 3430 ../etc/grub.d/40\n-00042e00: 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 8099 2074 6f20 6164 _custom... to ad\n-00042e10: 6420 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 7570 6572 7573 d simple superus\n-00042e20: 6572 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f er authenticatio\n-00042e30: 6e2c 2062 790a 6164 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 n, by.adding ...\n-00042e40: 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3de2 set superusers=.\n-00042e50: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f .. and ...passwo\n-00042e60: 7264 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7373 rd... or ...pass\n-00042e70: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2063 word_pbkdf2... c\n-00042e80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ommands.....File\n-00042e90: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00042ea0: 6465 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 de: Using digita\n-00042eb0: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e l signatures, N\n-00042ec0: 6578 743a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 ext: UEFI secure\n-00042ed0: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 boot and shim, \n-00042ee0: 2050 7265 763a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 Prev: Authentic\n-00042ef0: 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 ation and author\n-00042f00: 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 isation, Up: Se\n-00042f10: 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e32 2055 7369 curity..19.2 Usi\n-00042f20: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n-00042f30: 7475 7265 7320 696e 2047 5255 420a 3d3d tures in GRUB.==\n+000422d0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7920 6465 6661 756c 742c ===..By default,\n+000422e0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n+000422f0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 6163 interface is ac\n+00042300: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 616e 796f cessible to anyo\n+00042310: 6e65 2077 6974 680a 7068 7973 6963 616c ne with.physical\n+00042320: 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 access to the c\n+00042330: 6f6e 736f 6c65 3a20 616e 796f 6e65 2063 onsole: anyone c\n+00042340: 616e 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 6420 6564 an select and ed\n+00042350: 6974 2061 6e79 206d 656e 750a 656e 7472 it any menu.entr\n+00042360: 792c 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 y, and anyone ca\n+00042370: 6e20 6765 7420 6469 7265 6374 2061 6363 n get direct acc\n+00042380: 6573 7320 746f 2061 2047 5255 4220 7368 ess to a GRUB sh\n+00042390: 656c 6c20 7072 6f6d 7074 2e20 2046 6f72 ell prompt. For\n+000423a0: 0a6d 6f73 7420 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 .most systems, t\n+000423b0: 6869 7320 6973 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c his is reasonabl\n+000423c0: 6520 7369 6e63 6520 616e 796f 6e65 2077 e since anyone w\n+000423d0: 6974 6820 6469 7265 6374 2070 6879 7369 ith direct physi\n+000423e0: 6361 6c0a 6163 6365 7373 2068 6173 2061 cal.access has a\n+000423f0: 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 6f74 6865 variety of othe\n+00042400: 7220 7761 7973 2074 6f20 6761 696e 2066 r ways to gain f\n+00042410: 756c 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2c20 616e 6420 ull access, and \n+00042420: 7265 7175 6972 696e 670a 6175 7468 656e requiring.authen\n+00042430: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 7420 7468 6520 tication at the \n+00042440: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6c65 7665 boot loader leve\n+00042450: 6c20 776f 756c 6420 6f6e 6c79 2073 6572 l would only ser\n+00042460: 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 740a 6469 ve to make it.di\n+00042470: 6666 6963 756c 7420 746f 2072 6563 6f76 fficult to recov\n+00042480: 6572 2062 726f 6b65 6e20 7379 7374 656d er broken system\n+00042490: 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 s... However, \n+000424a0: 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d in some environm\n+000424b0: 656e 7473 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 6b69 ents, such as ki\n+000424c0: 6f73 6b73 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 osks, it may be \n+000424d0: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 650a 746f 206c appropriate.to l\n+000424e0: 6f63 6b20 646f 776e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f ock down the boo\n+000424f0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6f20 7265 7175 t loader to requ\n+00042500: 6972 6520 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ire authenticati\n+00042510: 6f6e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7065 7266 6f72 on before perfor\n+00042520: 6d69 6e67 0a63 6572 7461 696e 206f 7065 ming.certain ope\n+00042530: 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 rations... The\n+00042540: 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 ...password... \n+00042550: 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a (*note password:\n+00042560: 3a29 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f :) and ...passwo\n+00042570: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e rd_pbkdf2... (*n\n+00042580: 6f74 650a 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b ote.password_pbk\n+00042590: 6466 323a 3a29 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 df2::) commands \n+000425a0: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2064 can be used to d\n+000425b0: 6566 696e 6520 7573 6572 732c 2065 6163 efine users, eac\n+000425c0: 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 0a68 6173 2061 h of which.has a\n+000425d0: 6e20 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 2070 6173 n associated pas\n+000425e0: 7377 6f72 642e 2020 e280 9870 6173 7377 sword. ...passw\n+000425f0: 6f72 64e2 8099 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 ord... sets the \n+00042600: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 6e20 706c 6169 password in plai\n+00042610: 6e20 7465 7874 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e n text,.requirin\n+00042620: 6720 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 g ...grub.cfg...\n+00042630: 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6563 7572 653b 20e2 to be secure; .\n+00042640: 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 ..password_pbkdf\n+00042650: 32e2 8099 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 7061 2... sets the pa\n+00042660: 7373 776f 7264 0a68 6173 6865 6420 7573 ssword.hashed us\n+00042670: 696e 6720 7468 6520 5061 7373 776f 7264 ing the Password\n+00042680: 2d42 6173 6564 204b 6579 2044 6572 6976 -Based Key Deriv\n+00042690: 6174 696f 6e20 4675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2028 ation Function (\n+000426a0: 5246 4320 3238 3938 292c 0a72 6571 7569 RFC 2898),.requi\n+000426b0: 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7365 206f 6620 ring the use of \n+000426c0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ...grub-mkpasswd\n+000426d0: 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 -pbkdf2... (*not\n+000426e0: 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d e Invoking.grub-\n+000426f0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a mkpasswd-pbkdf2:\n+00042700: 3a29 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 :) to generate p\n+00042710: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e0a assword hashes..\n+00042720: 0a20 2020 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 . In order to \n+00042730: 656e 6162 6c65 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 enable authentic\n+00042740: 6174 696f 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 742c 2074 ation support, t\n+00042750: 6865 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 he ...superusers\n+00042760: e280 990a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ....environment \n+00042770: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 variable must be\n+00042780: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f set to a list o\n+00042790: 6620 7573 6572 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 6570 f usernames, sep\n+000427a0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 790a 616e 7920 6f66 arated by.any of\n+000427b0: 2073 7061 6365 732c 2063 6f6d 6d61 732c spaces, commas,\n+000427c0: 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 732c 2070 6970 semicolons, pip\n+000427d0: 6573 2c20 6f72 2061 6d70 6572 7361 6e64 es, or ampersand\n+000427e0: 732e 2020 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2061 s. Superusers a\n+000427f0: 7265 0a70 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2074 6f20 re.permitted to \n+00042800: 7573 6520 7468 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d use the GRUB com\n+00042810: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652c 2065 6469 7420 mand line, edit \n+00042820: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e menu entries, an\n+00042830: 6420 6578 6563 7574 650a 616e 7920 6d65 d execute.any me\n+00042840: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 e280 nu entry. If ..\n+00042850: 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2069 .superusers... i\n+00042860: 7320 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 7573 6520 s set, then use \n+00042870: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c of the command l\n+00042880: 696e 650a 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 ine.and editing \n+00042890: 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 of menu entries \n+000428a0: 6172 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c are automaticall\n+000428b0: 7920 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2074 6f20 y restricted to \n+000428c0: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2e0a 5365 7474 superusers..Sett\n+000428d0: 696e 6720 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 ing ...superuser\n+000428e0: 73e2 8099 2074 6f20 656d 7074 7920 7374 s... to empty st\n+000428f0: 7269 6e67 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 6c79 ring effectively\n+00042900: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 7320 626f 7468 2061 disables both a\n+00042910: 6363 6573 7320 746f 0a43 4c49 2061 6e64 ccess to.CLI and\n+00042920: 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 editing of menu\n+00042930: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 204e 6f74 653a entries. Note:\n+00042940: 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 The environment\n+00042950: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e65 6564 730a variable needs.\n+00042960: 746f 2062 6520 6578 706f 7274 6564 2074 to be exported t\n+00042970: 6f20 616c 736f 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 o also affect th\n+00042980: 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e65 e section define\n+00042990: 6420 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7375 626d d by the ...subm\n+000429a0: 656e 75e2 8099 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 enu....command (\n+000429b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 626d 656e 753a 3a29 *note submenu::)\n+000429c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f74 6865 7220 7573 6572 ... Other user\n+000429d0: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 s may be allowed\n+000429e0: 2074 6f20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7370 6563 to execute spec\n+000429f0: 6966 6963 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 ific menu entrie\n+00042a00: 7320 6279 2067 6976 696e 670a 6120 6c69 s by giving.a li\n+00042a10: 7374 206f 6620 7573 6572 6e61 6d65 7320 st of usernames \n+00042a20: 2861 7320 6162 6f76 6529 2075 7369 6e67 (as above) using\n+00042a30: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 the ...--users.\n+00042a40: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 .. option to the\n+00042a50: 0ae2 8098 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 79e2 8099 ....menuentry...\n+00042a60: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n+00042a70: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a 3a29 2e20 2049 menuentry::). I\n+00042a80: 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 f the ...--unres\n+00042a90: 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f tricted... optio\n+00042aa0: 6e0a 6973 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 n.is used for a \n+00042ab0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 656e menu entry, then\n+00042ac0: 2074 6861 7420 656e 7472 7920 6973 2075 that entry is u\n+00042ad0: 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 642e 2020 4966 nrestricted. If\n+00042ae0: 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 the....--users.\n+00042af0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 .. option is not\n+00042b00: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 used for a menu\n+00042b10: 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6861 entry, then tha\n+00042b20: 7420 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 t only superuser\n+00042b30: 730a 6172 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7573 s.are able to us\n+00042b40: 6520 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 5075 7474 696e e it... Puttin\n+00042b50: 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c g this together,\n+00042b60: 2061 2074 7970 6963 616c 20e2 8098 6772 a typical ...gr\n+00042b70: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6672 6167 6d65 ub.cfg... fragme\n+00042b80: 6e74 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 nt might look li\n+00042b90: 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 ke.this:.. s\n+00042ba0: 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733d 2272 et superusers=\"r\n+00042bb0: 6f6f 7422 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f oot\". passwo\n+00042bc0: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 3220 726f 6f74 2067 rd_pbkdf2 root g\n+00042bd0: 7275 622e 7062 6b64 6632 2e73 6861 3531 rub.pbkdf2.sha51\n+00042be0: 322e 3130 3030 302e 6269 676c 6f6e 6773 2.10000.biglongs\n+00042bf0: 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 tring. passw\n+00042c00: 6f72 6420 7573 6572 3120 696e 7365 6375 ord user1 insecu\n+00042c10: 7265 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 re.. menuent\n+00042c20: 7279 2022 4d61 7920 6265 2072 756e 2062 ry \"May be run b\n+00042c30: 7920 616e 7920 7573 6572 2220 2d2d 756e y any user\" --un\n+00042c40: 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 207b 0a20 2020 restricted {. \n+00042c50: 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 .set root=(hd0\n+00042c60: 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 ,1). .linux \n+00042c70: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a /vmlinuz. }.\n+00042c80: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 . menuentry \n+00042c90: 2253 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 \"Superusers only\n+00042ca0: 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 2222 207b 0a20 \" --users \"\" {. \n+00042cb0: 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 .set root=(h\n+00042cc0: 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 d0,1). .linu\n+00042cd0: 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2073 696e 676c x /vmlinuz singl\n+00042ce0: 650a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d e. }.. m\n+00042cf0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 7920 6265 enuentry \"May be\n+00042d00: 2072 756e 2062 7920 7573 6572 3120 6f72 run by user1 or\n+00042d10: 2061 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 2220 2d2d a superuser\" --\n+00042d20: 7573 6572 7320 7573 6572 3120 7b0a 2020 users user1 {. \n+00042d30: 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 .set root=(hd\n+00042d40: 302c 3229 0a20 2020 2020 0963 6861 696e 0,2). .chain\n+00042d50: 6c6f 6164 6572 202b 310a 2020 2020 207d loader +1. }\n+00042d60: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 .. The ...grub\n+00042d70: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2070 726f -mkconfig... pro\n+00042d80: 6772 616d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 gram does not ye\n+00042d90: 7420 6861 7665 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 t have built-in \n+00042da0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 720a 6765 6e65 support for.gene\n+00042db0: 7261 7469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 rating configura\n+00042dc0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2077 6974 6820 tion files with \n+00042dd0: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 authentication. \n+00042de0: 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0ae2 8098 You can use....\n+00042df0: 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 /etc/grub.d/40_c\n+00042e00: 7573 746f 6de2 8099 2074 6f20 6164 6420 ustom... to add \n+00042e10: 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 simple superuser\n+00042e20: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2c authentication,\n+00042e30: 2062 790a 6164 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 7365 by.adding ...se\n+00042e40: 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3de2 8099 t superusers=...\n+00042e50: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 and ...password\n+00042e60: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f ... or ...passwo\n+00042e70: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2063 6f6d rd_pbkdf2... com\n+00042e80: 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 mands.....File: \n+00042e90: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00042ea0: 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 : Using digital \n+00042eb0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 signatures, Nex\n+00042ec0: 743a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 t: UEFI secure b\n+00042ed0: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2050 oot and shim, P\n+00042ee0: 7265 763a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 rev: Authenticat\n+00042ef0: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 ion and authoris\n+00042f00: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 ation, Up: Secu\n+00042f10: 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e32 2055 7369 6e67 rity..19.2 Using\n+00042f20: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n+00042f30: 7265 7320 696e 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d res in GRUB.====\n 00042f40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00042f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042f60: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 7320 e280 9863 ===..GRUB's ...c\n-00042f70: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2063 616e 206f ore.img... can o\n-00042f80: 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7072 6f76 6964 ptionally provid\n-00042f90: 6520 656e 666f 7263 656d 656e 7420 7468 e enforcement th\n-00042fa0: 6174 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 0a73 7562 at all files.sub\n-00042fb0: 7365 7175 656e 746c 7920 7265 6164 2066 sequently read f\n-00042fc0: 726f 6d20 6469 736b 2061 7265 2063 6f76 rom disk are cov\n-00042fd0: 6572 6564 2062 7920 6120 7661 6c69 6420 ered by a valid \n-00042fe0: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-00042ff0: 652e 0a54 6869 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 e..This document\n-00043000: 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 636f 7665 does *not* cove\n-00043010: 7220 686f 7720 746f 2065 6e73 7572 6520 r how to ensure \n-00043020: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 706c 6174 666f that your platfo\n-00043030: 726d 2773 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 6520 2865 rm's.firmware (e\n-00043040: 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7429 2076 .g., Coreboot) v\n-00043050: 616c 6964 6174 6573 20e2 8098 636f 7265 alidates ...core\n-00043060: 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 .img...... If \n-00043070: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00043080: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 able ...check_si\n-00043090: 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 282a 6e6f gnatures... (*no\n-000430a0: 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 te check_signatu\n-000430b0: 7265 733a 3a29 0a69 7320 7365 7420 746f res::).is set to\n-000430c0: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 ...enforce..., \n-000430d0: 7468 656e 2065 7665 7279 2061 7474 656d then every attem\n-000430e0: 7074 2062 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 20e2 pt by the GRUB .\n-000430f0: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 746f ..core.img... to\n-00043100: 206c 6f61 640a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6669 load.another fi\n-00043110: 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 6d70 le ...foo... imp\n-00043120: 6c69 6369 746c 7920 696e 766f 6b65 7320 licitly invokes \n-00043130: e280 9876 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 ...verify_detach\n-00043140: 6564 2066 6f6f 2066 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 ed foo foo.sig..\n-00043150: 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f ..(*note verify_\n-00043160: 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 e280 detached::). ..\n-00043170: 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 9920 6d75 7374 .foo.sig... must\n-00043180: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 2076 616c 6964 contain a valid\n-00043190: 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a73 6967 6e61 7475 digital.signatu\n-000431a0: 7265 206f 7665 7220 7468 6520 636f 6e74 re over the cont\n-000431b0: 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 9866 6f6f e280 ents of ...foo..\n-000431c0: 992c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 ., which can be \n-000431d0: 7665 7269 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 610a verified with a.\n-000431e0: 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2063 7572 7265 public key curre\n-000431f0: 6e74 6c79 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 ntly trusted by \n-00043200: 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 GRUB (*note list\n-00043210: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 _trusted::, *not\n-00043220: 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 2061 6e64 202a e.trust::, and *\n-00043230: 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 note distrust::)\n-00043240: 2e20 2049 6620 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e . If validation\n-00043250: 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 7468 656e 2066 696c fails, then fil\n-00043260: 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 990a 6361 6e6e e ...foo....cann\n-00043270: 6f74 2062 6520 6f70 656e 6564 2e20 2054 ot be opened. T\n-00043280: 6869 7320 6661 696c 7572 6520 6d61 7920 his failure may \n-00043290: 6861 6c74 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7277 6973 halt or otherwis\n-000432a0: 6520 696d 7061 6374 2074 6865 2062 6f6f e impact the boo\n-000432b0: 740a 7072 6f63 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 t.process... A\n-000432c0: 6e20 696e 6974 6961 6c20 7472 7573 7465 n initial truste\n-000432d0: 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2063 616e d public key can\n-000432e0: 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2077 6974 be embedded wit\n-000432f0: 6869 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0ae2 8098 hin the GRUB....\n-00043300: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7573 696e core.img... usin\n-00043310: 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 g the ...--pubke\n-00043320: 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 y... option to .\n-00043330: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n-00043340: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n-00043350: 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g.grub-install::\n-00043360: 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 )... GRUB uses\n-00043370: 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 GPG-style detac\n-00043380: 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2028 hed signatures (\n-00043390: 6d65 616e 696e 6720 7468 6174 2061 2066 meaning that a f\n-000433a0: 696c 650a e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 ile....foo.sig..\n-000433b0: 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 6f64 7563 . will be produc\n-000433c0: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 ed when file ...\n-000433d0: 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 7320 7369 676e 6564 foo... is signed\n-000433e0: 292c 2061 6e64 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 ), and currently\n-000433f0: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 4453 .supports the DS\n-00043400: 4120 616e 6420 5253 4120 7369 676e 696e A and RSA signin\n-00043410: 6720 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d73 2e20 2041 g algorithms. A\n-00043420: 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 2063 616e signing key can\n-00043430: 2062 650a 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6173 be.generated as\n-00043440: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 follows:.. \n-00043450: 6770 6720 2d2d 6765 6e2d 6b65 790a 0a20 gpg --gen-key.. \n-00043460: 2020 416e 2069 6e64 6976 6964 7561 6c20 An individual \n-00043470: 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 7369 676e file can be sign\n-00043480: 6564 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a ed as follows:..\n-00043490: 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d64 6574 6163 gpg --detac\n-000434a0: 682d 7369 676e 202f 7061 7468 2f74 6f2f h-sign /path/to/\n-000434b0: 6669 6c65 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2073 7563 file.. For suc\n-000434c0: 6365 7373 6675 6c20 7661 6c69 6461 7469 cessful validati\n-000434d0: 6f6e 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6f66 2047 5255 on of all of GRU\n-000434e0: 4227 7320 7375 6263 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 B's subcomponent\n-000434f0: 7320 616e 6420 7468 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 s and the.loaded\n-00043500: 204f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7468 6579 OS kernel, they\n-00043510: 206d 7573 7420 616c 6c20 6265 2073 6967 must all be sig\n-00043520: 6e65 642e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 746f ned. One way to\n-00043530: 2061 6363 6f6d 706c 6973 6820 7468 6973 accomplish this\n-00043540: 0a69 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e .is the followin\n-00043550: 6720 2861 6674 6572 2068 6176 696e 6720 g (after having \n-00043560: 616c 7265 6164 7920 7072 6f64 7563 6564 already produced\n-00043570: 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 20e2 8098 the desired ...\n-00043580: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 990a 6669 6c65 grub.cfg....file\n-00043590: 2c20 652e 672e 2c20 6279 2072 756e 6e69 , e.g., by runni\n-000435a0: 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ng ...grub-mkcon\n-000435b0: 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e fig... (*note In\n-000435c0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n-000435d0: 6e66 6967 3a3a 293a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 nfig::):.. #\n-000435e0: 2045 6469 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 Edit /dev/shm/p\n-000435f0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 7420 746f assphrase.txt to\n-00043600: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2079 6f75 7220 7369 contain your si\n-00043610: 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7927 7320 7061 7373 gning key's pass\n-00043620: 7068 7261 7365 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 phrase. for \n-00043630: 6920 696e 2060 6669 6e64 202f 626f 6f74 i in `find /boot\n-00043640: 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6366 6722 202d -name \"*.cfg\" -\n-00043650: 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6c73 7422 or -name \"*.lst\"\n-00043660: 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2d6e -or \\. -n\n-00043670: 616d 6520 222a 2e6d 6f64 2220 2d6f 7220 ame \"*.mod\" -or \n-00043680: 2d6e 616d 6520 2276 6d6c 696e 757a 2a22 -name \"vmlinuz*\"\n-00043690: 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 696e 6974 -or -name \"init\n-000436a0: 7264 2a22 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 2020 rd*\" -or \\. \n-000436b0: 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 2267 7275 6265 6e76 -name \"grubenv\n-000436c0: 2260 3b0a 2020 2020 2064 6f0a 2020 2020 \"`;. do. \n-000436d0: 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d62 6174 6368 202d gpg --batch -\n-000436e0: 2d64 6574 6163 682d 7369 676e 202d 2d70 -detach-sign --p\n-000436f0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 652d 6664 2030 2024 assphrase-fd 0 $\n-00043700: 6920 3c20 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f i < \\. /\n-00043710: 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 dev/shm/passphra\n-00043720: 7365 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6e65 se.txt. done\n-00043730: 0a20 2020 2020 7368 7265 6420 2f64 6576 . shred /dev\n-00043740: 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e /shm/passphrase.\n-00043750: 7478 740a 0a20 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f txt.. See also\n-00043760: 3a20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 : *note check_si\n-00043770: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 gnatures::, *not\n-00043780: 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 e verify_detache\n-00043790: 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 d::, *note.trust\n-000437a0: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 ::, *note list_t\n-000437b0: 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 rusted::, *note \n-000437c0: 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 distrust::, *not\n-000437d0: 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2c20 2a6e e load_env::, *n\n-000437e0: 6f74 650a 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2e0a ote.save_env::..\n-000437f0: 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e . Note that in\n-00043800: 7465 726e 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e61 7475 ternally signatu\n-00043810: 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 2069 re enforcement i\n-00043820: 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 s controlled by \n-00043830: 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 656e 7669 setting.the envi\n-00043840: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00043850: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n-00043860: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6571 7561 6c20 746f ures... equal to\n-00043870: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 ...enforce.... \n-00043880: 2050 6173 7369 6e67 0a6f 6e65 206f 7220 Passing.one or \n-00043890: 6d6f 7265 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 more ...--pubkey\n-000438a0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 20e2 ... options to .\n-000438b0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 ..grub-mkimage..\n-000438c0: 9920 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2064 6566 . implicitly def\n-000438d0: 696e 6573 0ae2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 ines....check_si\n-000438e0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6571 7561 gnatures... equa\n-000438f0: 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 l to ...enforce.\n-00043900: 8099 2069 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d .. in ...core.im\n-00043910: 67e2 8099 2070 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 7072 g... prior to pr\n-00043920: 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 0a61 6e79 2063 6f6e ocessing.any con\n-00043930: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 figuration files\n-00043940: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ... Note that \n-00043950: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6368 6563 6b69 signature checki\n-00043960: 6e67 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 7072 ng does *not* pr\n-00043970: 6576 656e 7420 616e 2061 7474 6163 6b65 event an attacke\n-00043980: 7220 7769 7468 0a28 7365 7269 616c 2c20 r with.(serial, \n-00043990: 7068 7973 6963 616c 2c20 2e2e 2e29 2020 physical, ...) \n-000439a0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6163 6365 7373 2066 console access f\n-000439b0: 726f 6d20 6472 6f70 7069 6e67 206d 616e rom dropping man\n-000439c0: 7561 6c6c 7920 746f 2074 6865 0a47 5255 ually to the.GRU\n-000439d0: 4220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e 6420 6578 B console and ex\n-000439e0: 6563 7574 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 ecuting:.. s\n-000439f0: 6574 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 et check_signatu\n-00043a00: 7265 733d 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7072 res=no.. To pr\n-00043a10: 6576 656e 7420 7468 6973 2c20 7061 7373 event this, pass\n-00043a20: 776f 7264 2d70 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 word-protection \n-00043a30: 282a 6e6f 7465 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 (*note Authentic\n-00043a40: 6174 696f 6e20 616e 640a 6175 7468 6f72 ation and.author\n-00043a50: 6973 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2069 7320 6573 isation::) is es\n-00043a60: 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 sential. Note t\n-00043a70: 6861 7420 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 4752 hat even with GR\n-00043a80: 5542 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 7072 6f74 UB password.prot\n-00043a90: 6563 7469 6f6e 2c20 4752 5542 2069 7473 ection, GRUB its\n-00043aa0: 656c 6620 6361 6e6e 6f74 2070 7265 7665 elf cannot preve\n-00043ab0: 6e74 2073 6f6d 656f 6e65 2077 6974 6820 nt someone with \n-00043ac0: 7068 7973 6963 616c 2061 6363 6573 7320 physical access \n-00043ad0: 746f 0a74 6865 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2066 to.the machine f\n-00043ae0: 726f 6d20 616c 7465 7269 6e67 2074 6861 rom altering tha\n-00043af0: 7420 6d61 6368 696e 6527 7320 6669 726d t machine's firm\n-00043b00: 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f 7265 ware (e.g., Core\n-00043b10: 626f 6f74 206f 720a 4249 4f53 2920 636f boot or.BIOS) co\n-00043b20: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2063 nfiguration to c\n-00043b30: 6175 7365 2074 6865 206d 6163 6869 6e65 ause the machine\n-00043b40: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 6120 to boot from a \n-00043b50: 6469 6666 6572 656e 740a 2861 7474 6163 different.(attac\n-00043b60: 6b65 722d 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2920 ker-controlled) \n-00043b70: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6973 device. GRUB is\n-00043b80: 2061 7420 6265 7374 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e at best only on\n-00043b90: 6520 6c69 6e6b 2069 6e20 6120 7365 6375 e link in a secu\n-00043ba0: 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6368 6169 6e2e 0a0a re.boot chain...\n-00043bb0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00043bc0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5545 4649 2073 o, Node: UEFI s\n-00043bd0: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 ecure boot and s\n-00043be0: 6869 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 6375 him, Next: Secu\n-00043bf0: 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 re Boot Advanced\n-00043c00: 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 Targeting, Pre\n-00043c10: 763a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c v: Using digital\n-00043c20: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 signatures, Up\n-00043c30: 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e33 : Security..19.3\n-00043c40: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n-00043c50: 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2073 7570 706f t and shim suppo\n-00043c60: 7274 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rt.=============\n+00042f60: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 7320 e280 9863 6f72 =..GRUB's ...cor\n+00042f70: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2063 616e 206f 7074 e.img... can opt\n+00042f80: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 ionally provide \n+00042f90: 656e 666f 7263 656d 656e 7420 7468 6174 enforcement that\n+00042fa0: 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 0a73 7562 7365 all files.subse\n+00042fb0: 7175 656e 746c 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f quently read fro\n+00042fc0: 6d20 6469 736b 2061 7265 2063 6f76 6572 m disk are cover\n+00042fd0: 6564 2062 7920 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 ed by a valid di\n+00042fe0: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 652e gital signature.\n+00042ff0: 0a54 6869 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 .This document d\n+00043000: 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 636f 7665 7220 oes *not* cover \n+00043010: 686f 7720 746f 2065 6e73 7572 6520 7468 how to ensure th\n+00043020: 6174 2079 6f75 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d at your platform\n+00043030: 2773 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 6520 2865 2e67 's.firmware (e.g\n+00043040: 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7429 2076 616c ., Coreboot) val\n+00043050: 6964 6174 6573 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 idates ...core.i\n+00043060: 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 656e mg...... If en\n+00043070: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00043080: 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e le ...check_sign\n+00043090: 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 atures... (*note\n+000430a0: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n+000430b0: 733a 3a29 0a69 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 s::).is set to .\n+000430c0: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 ..enforce..., th\n+000430d0: 656e 2065 7665 7279 2061 7474 656d 7074 en every attempt\n+000430e0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 20e2 8098 by the GRUB ...\n+000430f0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 746f 206c core.img... to l\n+00043100: 6f61 640a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6669 6c65 oad.another file\n+00043110: 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 ...foo... impli\n+00043120: 6369 746c 7920 696e 766f 6b65 7320 e280 citly invokes ..\n+00043130: 9876 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 .verify_detached\n+00043140: 2066 6f6f 2066 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 990a foo foo.sig....\n+00043150: 282a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 (*note verify_de\n+00043160: 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 e280 9866 tached::). ...f\n+00043170: 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 9920 6d75 7374 2063 oo.sig... must c\n+00043180: 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 2076 616c 6964 2064 ontain a valid d\n+00043190: 6967 6974 616c 0a73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital.signature\n+000431a0: 206f 7665 7220 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e over the conten\n+000431b0: 7473 206f 6620 e280 9866 6f6f e280 992c ts of ...foo...,\n+000431c0: 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7665 which can be ve\n+000431d0: 7269 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 610a 7075 rified with a.pu\n+000431e0: 626c 6963 206b 6579 2063 7572 7265 6e74 blic key current\n+000431f0: 6c79 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 4752 ly trusted by GR\n+00043200: 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 UB (*note list_t\n+00043210: 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a rusted::, *note.\n+00043220: 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f trust::, and *no\n+00043230: 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2e20 te distrust::). \n+00043240: 2049 6620 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 2066 If validation f\n+00043250: 6169 6c73 2c20 7468 656e 2066 696c 6520 ails, then file \n+00043260: e280 9866 6f6f e280 990a 6361 6e6e 6f74 ...foo....cannot\n+00043270: 2062 6520 6f70 656e 6564 2e20 2054 6869 be opened. Thi\n+00043280: 7320 6661 696c 7572 6520 6d61 7920 6861 s failure may ha\n+00043290: 6c74 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 lt or otherwise \n+000432a0: 696d 7061 6374 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a impact the boot.\n+000432b0: 7072 6f63 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 process... An \n+000432c0: 696e 6974 6961 6c20 7472 7573 7465 6420 initial trusted \n+000432d0: 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2063 616e 2062 public key can b\n+000432e0: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2077 6974 6869 e embedded withi\n+000432f0: 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0ae2 8098 636f n the GRUB....co\n+00043300: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7573 696e 6720 re.img... using \n+00043310: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 the ...--pubkey.\n+00043320: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 .. option to ...\n+00043330: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n+00043340: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a (*note Invoking.\n+00043350: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e grub-install::).\n+00043360: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 .. GRUB uses G\n+00043370: 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 PG-style detache\n+00043380: 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2028 6d65 d signatures (me\n+00043390: 616e 696e 6720 7468 6174 2061 2066 696c aning that a fil\n+000433a0: 650a e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 9920 e....foo.sig... \n+000433b0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 6f64 7563 6564 will be produced\n+000433c0: 2077 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f when file ...fo\n+000433d0: 6fe2 8099 2069 7320 7369 676e 6564 292c o... is signed),\n+000433e0: 2061 6e64 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a73 and currently.s\n+000433f0: 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 4453 4120 upports the DSA \n+00043400: 616e 6420 5253 4120 7369 676e 696e 6720 and RSA signing \n+00043410: 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d73 2e20 2041 2073 algorithms. A s\n+00043420: 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 2063 616e 2062 igning key can b\n+00043430: 650a 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6173 2066 e.generated as f\n+00043440: 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6770 ollows:.. gp\n+00043450: 6720 2d2d 6765 6e2d 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 g --gen-key.. \n+00043460: 416e 2069 6e64 6976 6964 7561 6c20 6669 An individual fi\n+00043470: 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 le can be signed\n+00043480: 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 as follows:.. \n+00043490: 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d64 6574 6163 682d gpg --detach-\n+000434a0: 7369 676e 202f 7061 7468 2f74 6f2f 6669 sign /path/to/fi\n+000434b0: 6c65 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2073 7563 6365 le.. For succe\n+000434c0: 7373 6675 6c20 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e ssful validation\n+000434d0: 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6f66 2047 5255 4227 of all of GRUB'\n+000434e0: 7320 7375 6263 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 s subcomponents \n+000434f0: 616e 6420 7468 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 204f and the.loaded O\n+00043500: 5320 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7468 6579 206d S kernel, they m\n+00043510: 7573 7420 616c 6c20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 ust all be signe\n+00043520: 642e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 746f 2061 d. One way to a\n+00043530: 6363 6f6d 706c 6973 6820 7468 6973 0a69 ccomplish this.i\n+00043540: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 s the following \n+00043550: 2861 6674 6572 2068 6176 696e 6720 616c (after having al\n+00043560: 7265 6164 7920 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2074 ready produced t\n+00043570: 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 20e2 8098 6772 he desired ...gr\n+00043580: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 990a 6669 6c65 2c20 ub.cfg....file, \n+00043590: 652e 672e 2c20 6279 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 e.g., by running\n+000435a0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n+000435b0: 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f g... (*note Invo\n+000435c0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n+000435d0: 6967 3a3a 293a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2045 ig::):.. # E\n+000435e0: 6469 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 dit /dev/shm/pas\n+000435f0: 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 7420 746f 2063 sphrase.txt to c\n+00043600: 6f6e 7461 696e 2079 6f75 7220 7369 676e ontain your sign\n+00043610: 696e 6720 6b65 7927 7320 7061 7373 7068 ing key's passph\n+00043620: 7261 7365 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 6920 rase. for i \n+00043630: 696e 2060 6669 6e64 202f 626f 6f74 202d in `find /boot -\n+00043640: 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6366 6722 202d 6f72 name \"*.cfg\" -or\n+00043650: 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6c73 7422 202d -name \"*.lst\" -\n+00043660: 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2d6e 616d or \\. -nam\n+00043670: 6520 222a 2e6d 6f64 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e e \"*.mod\" -or -n\n+00043680: 616d 6520 2276 6d6c 696e 757a 2a22 202d ame \"vmlinuz*\" -\n+00043690: 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 696e 6974 7264 or -name \"initrd\n+000436a0: 2a22 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 *\" -or \\. \n+000436b0: 2d6e 616d 6520 2267 7275 6265 6e76 2260 -name \"grubenv\"`\n+000436c0: 3b0a 2020 2020 2064 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 ;. do. \n+000436d0: 2067 7067 202d 2d62 6174 6368 202d 2d64 gpg --batch --d\n+000436e0: 6574 6163 682d 7369 676e 202d 2d70 6173 etach-sign --pas\n+000436f0: 7370 6872 6173 652d 6664 2030 2024 6920 sphrase-fd 0 $i \n+00043700: 3c20 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 6465 < \\. /de\n+00043710: 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 v/shm/passphrase\n+00043720: 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6e65 0a20 .txt. done. \n+00043730: 2020 2020 7368 7265 6420 2f64 6576 2f73 shred /dev/s\n+00043740: 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 hm/passphrase.tx\n+00043750: 740a 0a20 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 3a20 t.. See also: \n+00043760: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e *note check_sign\n+00043770: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 atures::, *note \n+00043780: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a verify_detached:\n+00043790: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a :, *note.trust::\n+000437a0: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 , *note list_tru\n+000437b0: 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 sted::, *note di\n+000437c0: 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 strust::, *note \n+000437d0: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 load_env::, *not\n+000437e0: 650a 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 e.save_env::... \n+000437f0: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e 7465 Note that inte\n+00043800: 726e 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 rnally signature\n+00043810: 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 enforcement is \n+00043820: 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7365 controlled by se\n+00043830: 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f tting.the enviro\n+00043840: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n+00043850: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n+00043860: 6573 e280 9920 6571 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 es... equal to .\n+00043870: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 2050 ..enforce.... P\n+00043880: 6173 7369 6e67 0a6f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f assing.one or mo\n+00043890: 7265 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 e280 re ...--pubkey..\n+000438a0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 20e2 8098 . options to ...\n+000438b0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 grub-mkimage... \n+000438c0: 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2064 6566 696e implicitly defin\n+000438d0: 6573 0ae2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e es....check_sign\n+000438e0: 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6571 7561 6c20 atures... equal \n+000438f0: 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 to ...enforce...\n+00043900: 2069 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 in ...core.img.\n+00043910: 8099 2070 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 7072 6f63 .. prior to proc\n+00043920: 6573 7369 6e67 0a61 6e79 2063 6f6e 6669 essing.any confi\n+00043930: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2e0a guration files..\n+00043940: 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7369 . Note that si\n+00043950: 676e 6174 7572 6520 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 gnature checking\n+00043960: 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 7072 6576 does *not* prev\n+00043970: 656e 7420 616e 2061 7474 6163 6b65 7220 ent an attacker \n+00043980: 7769 7468 0a28 7365 7269 616c 2c20 7068 with.(serial, ph\n+00043990: 7973 6963 616c 2c20 2e2e 2e29 2020 636f ysical, ...) co\n+000439a0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6163 6365 7373 2066 726f nsole access fro\n+000439b0: 6d20 6472 6f70 7069 6e67 206d 616e 7561 m dropping manua\n+000439c0: 6c6c 7920 746f 2074 6865 0a47 5255 4220 lly to the.GRUB \n+000439d0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e 6420 6578 6563 console and exec\n+000439e0: 7574 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 uting:.. set\n+000439f0: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n+00043a00: 733d 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7072 6576 s=no.. To prev\n+00043a10: 656e 7420 7468 6973 2c20 7061 7373 776f ent this, passwo\n+00043a20: 7264 2d70 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 282a rd-protection (*\n+00043a30: 6e6f 7465 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 note Authenticat\n+00043a40: 696f 6e20 616e 640a 6175 7468 6f72 6973 ion and.authoris\n+00043a50: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2069 7320 6573 7365 ation::) is esse\n+00043a60: 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 ntial. Note tha\n+00043a70: 7420 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 t even with GRUB\n+00043a80: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 7072 6f74 6563 password.protec\n+00043a90: 7469 6f6e 2c20 4752 5542 2069 7473 656c tion, GRUB itsel\n+00043aa0: 6620 6361 6e6e 6f74 2070 7265 7665 6e74 f cannot prevent\n+00043ab0: 2073 6f6d 656f 6e65 2077 6974 6820 7068 someone with ph\n+00043ac0: 7973 6963 616c 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f ysical access to\n+00043ad0: 0a74 6865 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2066 726f .the machine fro\n+00043ae0: 6d20 616c 7465 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 m altering that \n+00043af0: 6d61 6368 696e 6527 7320 6669 726d 7761 machine's firmwa\n+00043b00: 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f 7265 626f re (e.g., Corebo\n+00043b10: 6f74 206f 720a 4249 4f53 2920 636f 6e66 ot or.BIOS) conf\n+00043b20: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2063 6175 iguration to cau\n+00043b30: 7365 2074 6865 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2074 se the machine t\n+00043b40: 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6469 o boot from a di\n+00043b50: 6666 6572 656e 740a 2861 7474 6163 6b65 fferent.(attacke\n+00043b60: 722d 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2920 6465 r-controlled) de\n+00043b70: 7669 6365 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 vice. GRUB is a\n+00043b80: 7420 6265 7374 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 t best only one \n+00043b90: 6c69 6e6b 2069 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 link in a secure\n+00043ba0: 0a62 6f6f 7420 6368 6169 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a .boot chain.....\n+00043bb0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00043bc0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 Node: UEFI sec\n+00043bd0: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 ure boot and shi\n+00043be0: 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 6375 7265 m, Next: Secure\n+00043bf0: 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 Boot Advanced T\n+00043c00: 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a argeting, Prev:\n+00043c10: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+00043c20: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ignatures, Up: \n+00043c30: 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e33 2055 Security..19.3 U\n+00043c40: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI secure boot \n+00043c50: 616e 6420 7368 696d 2073 7570 706f 7274 and shim support\n+00043c60: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 00043c70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043c80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2047 =========..The G\n-00043c90: 5255 422c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6520 RUB, except the \n-00043ca0: e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 ...chainloader..\n-00043cb0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2077 6f72 6b73 . command, works\n-00043cc0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 with the UEFI s\n-00043cd0: 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2074 ecure.boot and t\n-00043ce0: 6865 2073 6869 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 2066 he shim. This f\n-00043cf0: 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 7320 unctionality is \n-00043d00: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 provided by the \n-00043d10: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b0a 7665 7269 6669 shim_lock.verifi\n-00043d20: 6572 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 er. It is built\n-00043d30: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f72 into the ...cor\n-00043d40: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 7320 e.img... and is \n-00043d50: 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2069 6620 7468 registered if th\n-00043d60: 6520 5545 4649 0a73 6563 7572 6520 626f e UEFI.secure bo\n-00043d70: 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 ot is enabled. \n-00043d80: 5468 6520 e280 9873 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b The ...shim_lock\n-00043d90: e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 ... variable is \n-00043da0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2077 set to ...y... w\n-00043db0: 6865 6e0a 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 hen.shim_lock ve\n-00043dc0: 7269 6669 6572 2069 7320 7265 6769 7374 rifier is regist\n-00043dd0: 6572 6564 2e20 2049 6620 6974 2069 7320 ered. If it is \n-00043de0: 6465 7369 7265 6420 746f 2075 7365 2055 desired to use U\n-00043df0: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 EFI secure.boot \n-00043e00: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7368 696d 2c20 6f6e without shim, on\n-00043e10: 6520 6361 6e20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7368 e can disable sh\n-00043e20: 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 6279 2064 6973 6162 im_lock by disab\n-00043e30: 6c69 6e67 2073 6869 6d0a 7665 7269 6669 ling shim.verifi\n-00043e40: 6361 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 4d6f 6b53 cation with MokS\n-00043e50: 6253 7461 7465 2055 4546 4920 7661 7269 bState UEFI vari\n-00043e60: 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6279 2062 7569 6c64 able or by build\n-00043e70: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2069 6d61 6765 0a77 ing grub image.w\n-00043e80: 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d64 6973 6162 6c65 ith ...--disable\n-00043e90: 2d73 6869 6d2d 6c6f 636b e280 9920 6f70 -shim-lock... op\n-00043ea0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 4752 tion... All GR\n-00043eb0: 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206e 6f74 2073 UB modules not s\n-00043ec0: 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 tored in the ...\n-00043ed0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 204f 5320 core.img..., OS \n-00043ee0: 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2041 4350 490a 7461 kernels, ACPI.ta\n-00043ef0: 626c 6573 2c20 4465 7669 6365 2054 7265 bles, Device Tre\n-00043f00: 6573 2c20 6574 632e 2020 6861 7665 2074 es, etc. have t\n-00043f10: 6f20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 642c 2065 2e67 o be signed, e.g\n-00043f20: 2c20 7573 696e 6720 5047 502e 0a41 6464 , using PGP..Add\n-00043f30: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 2063 itionally, the c\n-00043f40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e ommands that can\n-00043f50: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 6276 be used to subv\n-00043f60: 6572 7420 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 ert the UEFI sec\n-00043f70: 7572 650a 626f 6f74 206d 6563 6861 6e69 ure.boot mechani\n-00043f80: 736d 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 sm, such as ...i\n-00043f90: 6f72 77e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6d65 orw... and ...me\n-00043fa0: 6d72 77e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 mrw... will not \n-00043fb0: 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 be available whe\n-00043fc0: 6e0a 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 n.the UEFI secur\n-00043fd0: 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 e boot is enable\n-00043fe0: 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 d. This is done\n-00043ff0: 2066 6f72 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 7265 for security re\n-00044000: 6173 6f6e 7320 616e 640a 6172 6520 656e asons and.are en\n-00044010: 666f 7263 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4752 forced by the GR\n-00044020: 5542 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6d65 6368 UB Lockdown mech\n-00044030: 616e 6973 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f63 anism (*note Loc\n-00044040: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c kdown::).....Fil\n-00044050: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00044060: 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 ode: Secure Boot\n-00044070: 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 Advanced Target\n-00044080: 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6173 ing, Next: Meas\n-00044090: 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 ured Boot, Prev\n-000440a0: 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f : UEFI secure bo\n-000440b0: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5570 ot and shim, Up\n-000440c0: 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e34 : Security..19.4\n-000440d0: 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 666f 726d Embedded inform\n-000440e0: 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6765 6e65 7261 ation for genera\n-000440f0: 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6261 7365 tion number base\n-00044100: 6420 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d d revocation.===\n+00043c80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2047 5255 =======..The GRU\n+00043c90: 422c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6520 e280 B, except the ..\n+00043ca0: 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 .chainloader... \n+00043cb0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 command, works w\n+00043cc0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 ith the UEFI sec\n+00043cd0: 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2074 6865 ure.boot and the\n+00043ce0: 2073 6869 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e shim. This fun\n+00043cf0: 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 7320 7072 ctionality is pr\n+00043d00: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7368 ovided by the sh\n+00043d10: 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b0a 7665 7269 6669 6572 im_lock.verifier\n+00043d20: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 . It is built i\n+00043d30: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f72 652e nto the ...core.\n+00043d40: 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7265 img... and is re\n+00043d50: 6769 7374 6572 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 gistered if the \n+00043d60: 5545 4649 0a73 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI.secure boot\n+00043d70: 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 5468 is enabled. Th\n+00043d80: 6520 e280 9873 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b e280 e ...shim_lock..\n+00043d90: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 . variable is se\n+00043da0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2077 6865 t to ...y... whe\n+00043db0: 6e0a 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 n.shim_lock veri\n+00043dc0: 6669 6572 2069 7320 7265 6769 7374 6572 fier is register\n+00043dd0: 6564 2e20 2049 6620 6974 2069 7320 6465 ed. If it is de\n+00043de0: 7369 7265 6420 746f 2075 7365 2055 4546 sired to use UEF\n+00043df0: 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 7769 I secure.boot wi\n+00043e00: 7468 6f75 7420 7368 696d 2c20 6f6e 6520 thout shim, one \n+00043e10: 6361 6e20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7368 696d can disable shim\n+00043e20: 5f6c 6f63 6b20 6279 2064 6973 6162 6c69 _lock by disabli\n+00043e30: 6e67 2073 6869 6d0a 7665 7269 6669 6361 ng shim.verifica\n+00043e40: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 4d6f 6b53 6253 tion with MokSbS\n+00043e50: 7461 7465 2055 4546 4920 7661 7269 6162 tate UEFI variab\n+00043e60: 6c65 206f 7220 6279 2062 7569 6c64 696e le or by buildin\n+00043e70: 6720 6772 7562 2069 6d61 6765 0a77 6974 g grub image.wit\n+00043e80: 6820 e280 982d 2d64 6973 6162 6c65 2d73 h ...--disable-s\n+00043e90: 6869 6d2d 6c6f 636b e280 9920 6f70 7469 him-lock... opti\n+00043ea0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 4752 5542 on... All GRUB\n+00043eb0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206e 6f74 2073 746f modules not sto\n+00043ec0: 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f red in the ...co\n+00043ed0: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 204f 5320 6b65 re.img..., OS ke\n+00043ee0: 726e 656c 732c 2041 4350 490a 7461 626c rnels, ACPI.tabl\n+00043ef0: 6573 2c20 4465 7669 6365 2054 7265 6573 es, Device Trees\n+00043f00: 2c20 6574 632e 2020 6861 7665 2074 6f20 , etc. have to \n+00043f10: 6265 2073 6967 6e65 642c 2065 2e67 2c20 be signed, e.g, \n+00043f20: 7573 696e 6720 5047 502e 0a41 6464 6974 using PGP..Addit\n+00043f30: 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d ionally, the com\n+00043f40: 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e 2062 mands that can b\n+00043f50: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 6276 6572 e used to subver\n+00043f60: 7420 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 t the UEFI secur\n+00043f70: 650a 626f 6f74 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d e.boot mechanism\n+00043f80: 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 6f72 , such as ...ior\n+00043f90: 77e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6d65 6d72 w... and ...memr\n+00043fa0: 77e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 w... will not be\n+00043fb0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 6e0a available when.\n+00043fc0: 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 the UEFI secure \n+00043fd0: 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e boot is enabled.\n+00043fe0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2066 This is done f\n+00043ff0: 6f72 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 7265 6173 or security reas\n+00044000: 6f6e 7320 616e 640a 6172 6520 656e 666f ons and.are enfo\n+00044010: 7263 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 rced by the GRUB\n+00044020: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6d65 6368 616e Lockdown mechan\n+00044030: 6973 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f63 6b64 ism (*note Lockd\n+00044040: 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a own::).....File:\n+00044050: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00044060: 653a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 e: Secure Boot A\n+00044070: 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e dvanced Targetin\n+00044080: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 g, Next: Measur\n+00044090: 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ed Boot, Prev: \n+000440a0: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n+000440b0: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 and shim, Up: \n+000440c0: 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e34 2045 Security..19.4 E\n+000440d0: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 mbedded informat\n+000440e0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6765 6e65 7261 7469 ion for generati\n+000440f0: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6261 7365 6420 on number based \n+00044100: 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d revocation.=====\n 00044110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-00044150: 6865 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 he Secure Boot A\n-00044160: 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e dvanced Targetin\n-00044170: 6720 2853 4241 5429 2069 7320 6120 6d65 g (SBAT) is a me\n-00044180: 6368 616e 6973 6d20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 chanism to allow\n-00044190: 2074 6865 0a72 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 the.revocation \n-000441a0: 6f66 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e of components in\n-000441b0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7468 2062 the boot path b\n-000441c0: 7920 7573 696e 6720 6765 6e65 7261 7469 y using generati\n-000441d0: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 0a65 6d62 6564 on numbers.embed\n-000441e0: 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2045 4649 ded into the EFI\n-000441f0: 2062 696e 6172 6965 732e 2020 5468 6520 binaries. The \n-00044200: 5342 4154 206d 6574 6164 6174 6120 6973 SBAT metadata is\n-00044210: 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a2e located in an..\n-00044220: 7362 6174 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f sbat data sectio\n-00044230: 6e20 7468 6174 2068 6173 2073 6574 206f n that has set o\n-00044240: 6620 5554 462d 3820 7374 7269 6e67 7320 f UTF-8 strings \n-00044250: 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 2d73 6570 6172 6174 as comma-separat\n-00044260: 6564 0a76 616c 7565 7320 2843 5356 292e ed.values (CSV).\n-00044270: 2053 6565 203c 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 6769 See for.more\n-000442b0: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 546f details... To\n-000442c0: 2061 6464 2061 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 add a data sect\n-000442d0: 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 ion containing t\n-000442e0: 6865 2053 4241 5420 696e 666f 726d 6174 he SBAT informat\n-000442f0: 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 6865 0a62 696e ion into the.bin\n-00044300: 6172 792c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7362 ary, the ...--sb\n-00044310: 6174 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 at... option of \n-00044320: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 ...grub-mkimage.\n-00044330: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 686f 756c .. command shoul\n-00044340: 6420 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a54 6865 2063 d be used..The c\n-00044350: 6f6e 7465 6e74 206f 6620 6120 4353 5620 ontent of a CSV \n-00044360: 6669 6c65 2c20 656e 636f 6465 6420 7769 file, encoded wi\n-00044370: 7468 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6973 2063 6f70 th UTF-8, is cop\n-00044380: 6965 6420 6173 2069 7320 746f 2074 6865 ied as is to the\n-00044390: 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 ..sbat data sect\n-000443a0: 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 6865 2067 656e ion into the gen\n-000443b0: 6572 6174 6564 2045 4649 2062 696e 6172 erated EFI binar\n-000443c0: 792e 2020 5468 6520 4353 5620 6669 6c65 y. The CSV file\n-000443d0: 2063 616e 2062 650a 7374 6f72 6564 2061 can be.stored a\n-000443e0: 6e79 7768 6572 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 nywhere on the f\n-000443f0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 ile system... \n-00044400: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 202d grub-mkimage -\n-00044410: 4f20 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 202d 6f20 O x86_64-efi -o \n-00044420: 6772 7562 7836 342e 6566 6920 2d70 2027 grubx64.efi -p '\n-00044430: 2874 6674 7029 2f67 7275 6227 202d 2d73 (tftp)/grub' --s\n-00044440: 6261 7420 7362 6174 2e63 7376 2065 6669 bat sbat.csv efi\n-00044450: 6e65 7420 7466 7470 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 net tftp....File\n-00044460: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00044470: 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f de: Measured Boo\n-00044480: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f t, Next: Lockdo\n-00044490: 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 6563 7572 wn, Prev: Secur\n-000444a0: 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 e Boot Advanced \n-000444b0: 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 Targeting, Up: \n-000444c0: 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e35 204d Security..19.5 M\n-000444d0: 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 636f easuring boot co\n-000444e0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mponents.=======\n+00044140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00044150: 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 Secure Boot Adv\n+00044160: 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 6720 anced Targeting \n+00044170: 2853 4241 5429 2069 7320 6120 6d65 6368 (SBAT) is a mech\n+00044180: 616e 6973 6d20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 anism to allow t\n+00044190: 6865 0a72 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 he.revocation of\n+000441a0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 components in t\n+000441b0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7468 2062 7920 he boot path by \n+000441c0: 7573 696e 6720 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e using generation\n+000441d0: 206e 756d 6265 7273 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 numbers.embedde\n+000441e0: 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2045 4649 2062 d into the EFI b\n+000441f0: 696e 6172 6965 732e 2020 5468 6520 5342 inaries. The SB\n+00044200: 4154 206d 6574 6164 6174 6120 6973 206c AT metadata is l\n+00044210: 6f63 6174 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a2e 7362 ocated in an..sb\n+00044220: 6174 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 at data section \n+00044230: 7468 6174 2068 6173 2073 6574 206f 6620 that has set of \n+00044240: 5554 462d 3820 7374 7269 6e67 7320 6173 UTF-8 strings as\n+00044250: 2063 6f6d 6d61 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 comma-separated\n+00044260: 0a76 616c 7565 7320 2843 5356 292e 2053 .values (CSV). S\n+00044270: 6565 203c 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 6769 7468 ee for.more d\n+000442b0: 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 546f 2061 etails... To a\n+000442c0: 6464 2061 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f dd a data sectio\n+000442d0: 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 n containing the\n+000442e0: 2053 4241 5420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f SBAT informatio\n+000442f0: 6e20 696e 746f 2074 6865 0a62 696e 6172 n into the.binar\n+00044300: 792c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7362 6174 y, the ...--sbat\n+00044310: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 ... option of ..\n+00044320: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 .grub-mkimage...\n+00044330: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 command should \n+00044340: 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a54 6865 2063 6f6e be used..The con\n+00044350: 7465 6e74 206f 6620 6120 4353 5620 6669 tent of a CSV fi\n+00044360: 6c65 2c20 656e 636f 6465 6420 7769 7468 le, encoded with\n+00044370: 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6973 2063 6f70 6965 UTF-8, is copie\n+00044380: 6420 6173 2069 7320 746f 2074 6865 0a2e d as is to the..\n+00044390: 7362 6174 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f sbat data sectio\n+000443a0: 6e20 696e 746f 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 n into the gener\n+000443b0: 6174 6564 2045 4649 2062 696e 6172 792e ated EFI binary.\n+000443c0: 2020 5468 6520 4353 5620 6669 6c65 2063 The CSV file c\n+000443d0: 616e 2062 650a 7374 6f72 6564 2061 6e79 an be.stored any\n+000443e0: 7768 6572 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 696c where on the fil\n+000443f0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e system... \n+00044400: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 202d 4f20 grub-mkimage -O \n+00044410: 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 202d 6f20 6772 x86_64-efi -o gr\n+00044420: 7562 7836 342e 6566 6920 2d70 2027 2874 ubx64.efi -p '(t\n+00044430: 6674 7029 2f67 7275 6227 202d 2d73 6261 ftp)/grub' --sba\n+00044440: 7420 7362 6174 2e63 7376 2065 6669 6e65 t sbat.csv efine\n+00044450: 7420 7466 7470 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 t tftp....File: \n+00044460: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00044470: 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c : Measured Boot,\n+00044480: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e Next: Lockdown\n+00044490: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 6563 7572 6520 , Prev: Secure \n+000444a0: 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 Boot Advanced Ta\n+000444b0: 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 rgeting, Up: Se\n+000444c0: 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e35 204d 6561 curity..19.5 Mea\n+000444d0: 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 suring boot comp\n+000444e0: 6f6e 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d onents.=========\n 000444f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6520 =======..If the \n-00044510: 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f tpm module is lo\n-00044520: 6164 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6c61 aded and the pla\n-00044530: 7466 6f72 6d20 6861 7320 6120 5472 7573 tform has a Trus\n-00044540: 7465 6420 506c 6174 666f 726d 0a4d 6f64 ted Platform.Mod\n-00044550: 756c 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642c 2047 ule installed, G\n-00044560: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206c 6f67 2065 6163 RUB will log eac\n-00044570: 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 h command execut\n-00044580: 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 ed and each file\n-00044590: 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 .loaded into the\n-000445a0: 2054 504d 2065 7665 6e74 206c 6f67 2061 TPM event log a\n-000445b0: 6e64 2065 7874 656e 6420 7468 6520 5043 nd extend the PC\n-000445c0: 5220 7661 6c75 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 R values in the \n-000445d0: 5450 4d0a 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e TPM.correspondin\n-000445e0: 676c 792e 2020 416c 6c20 6576 656e 7473 gly. All events\n-000445f0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 will be logged \n-00044600: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2050 4352 2064 6573 into the PCR des\n-00044610: 6372 6962 6564 2062 656c 6f77 0a77 6974 cribed below.wit\n-00044620: 6820 6120 7479 7065 206f 6620 4556 5f49 h a type of EV_I\n-00044630: 504c 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 6576 656e 7420 PL and an event \n-00044640: 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e20 6173 2064 description as d\n-00044650: 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 656c 6f77 2e0a escribed below..\n-00044660: 0a45 7665 6e74 2074 7970 6520 2020 2020 .Event type \n-00044670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5043 5220 2020 2020 PCR \n-00044680: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d Description.----\n+00044500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6520 7470 =====..If the tp\n+00044510: 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 m module is load\n+00044520: 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 ed and the platf\n+00044530: 6f72 6d20 6861 7320 6120 5472 7573 7465 orm has a Truste\n+00044540: 6420 506c 6174 666f 726d 0a4d 6f64 756c d Platform.Modul\n+00044550: 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642c 2047 5255 e installed, GRU\n+00044560: 4220 7769 6c6c 206c 6f67 2065 6163 6820 B will log each \n+00044570: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 command executed\n+00044580: 2061 6e64 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 0a6c and each file.l\n+00044590: 6f61 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2054 oaded into the T\n+000445a0: 504d 2065 7665 6e74 206c 6f67 2061 6e64 PM event log and\n+000445b0: 2065 7874 656e 6420 7468 6520 5043 5220 extend the PCR \n+000445c0: 7661 6c75 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 5450 values in the TP\n+000445d0: 4d0a 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 676c M.correspondingl\n+000445e0: 792e 2020 416c 6c20 6576 656e 7473 2077 y. All events w\n+000445f0: 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 696e ill be logged in\n+00044600: 746f 2074 6865 2050 4352 2064 6573 6372 to the PCR descr\n+00044610: 6962 6564 2062 656c 6f77 0a77 6974 6820 ibed below.with \n+00044620: 6120 7479 7065 206f 6620 4556 5f49 504c a type of EV_IPL\n+00044630: 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 6576 656e 7420 6465 and an event de\n+00044640: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e20 6173 2064 6573 scription as des\n+00044650: 6372 6962 6564 2062 656c 6f77 2e0a 0a45 cribed below...E\n+00044660: 7665 6e74 2074 7970 6520 2020 2020 2020 vent type \n+00044670: 2020 2020 2020 5043 5220 2020 2020 4465 PCR De\n+00044680: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d scription.------\n 00044690: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000446d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 436f 6d6d 616e 6420 -------.Command \n-000446e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 8\n-000446f0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 2065 7865 6375 All execu\n-00044700: 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 696e ted commands (in\n-00044710: 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 6f73 650a 2020 cluding those. \n+000446d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 436f 6d6d 616e 6420 2020 -----.Command \n+000446e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 2020 8 \n+000446f0: 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 2065 7865 6375 7465 All execute\n+00044700: 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 696e 636c d commands (incl\n+00044710: 7564 696e 6720 7468 6f73 650a 2020 2020 uding those. \n 00044720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 726f fro\n-00044740: 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 m configuration \n-00044750: 6669 6c65 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c files) will be l\n-00044760: 6f67 6765 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ogged. \n+00044730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 from \n+00044740: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00044750: 6c65 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 les) will be log\n+00044760: 6765 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ged. \n 00044770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044780: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 7265 and measure\n-00044790: 6420 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2077 6974 d as entered wit\n-000447a0: 6820 6120 7072 6566 6978 206f 660a 2020 h a prefix of. \n+00044780: 2020 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 and measured \n+00044790: 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 as entered with \n+000447a0: 6120 7072 6566 6978 206f 660a 2020 2020 a prefix of. \n 000447b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000447c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6772 \"gr\n-000447d0: 7562 5f63 6d64 3a20 220a 4b65 726e 656c ub_cmd: \".Kernel\n-000447e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 2020 command line \n-000447f0: 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2063 6f6d 8 Any com\n-00044800: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 7061 7373 6564 mand line passed\n-00044810: 2074 6f20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c to a kernel wil\n-00044820: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-00044830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044840: 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 206d be logged and m\n-00044850: 6561 7375 7265 6420 6173 2065 6e74 6572 easured as enter\n-00044860: 6564 2077 6974 6820 610a 2020 2020 2020 ed with a. \n+000447c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6772 7562 \"grub\n+000447d0: 5f63 6d64 3a20 220a 4b65 726e 656c 2063 _cmd: \".Kernel c\n+000447e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 2020 2038 ommand line 8\n+000447f0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2063 6f6d 6d61 Any comma\n+00044800: 6e64 206c 696e 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 nd line passed t\n+00044810: 6f20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c0a o a kernel will.\n+00044820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n+00044840: 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 206d 6561 e logged and mea\n+00044850: 7375 7265 6420 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 sured as entered\n+00044860: 2077 6974 6820 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 with a. \n 00044870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 6669 7820 prefix \n-00044890: 6f66 2022 6b65 726e 656c 5f63 6d64 6c69 of \"kernel_cmdli\n-000448a0: 6e65 3a20 220a 4d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d ne: \".Module com\n-000448b0: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 2020 2038 2020 mand line 8 \n-000448c0: 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 Any command\n-000448d0: 206c 696e 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 line passed to \n-000448e0: 6120 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 a kernel. \n+00044880: 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 prefix of\n+00044890: 2022 6b65 726e 656c 5f63 6d64 6c69 6e65 \"kernel_cmdline\n+000448a0: 3a20 220a 4d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 : \".Module comma\n+000448b0: 6e64 206c 696e 6520 2020 2038 2020 2020 nd line 8 \n+000448c0: 2020 2041 6e79 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c Any command l\n+000448d0: 696e 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 6120 ine passed to a \n+000448e0: 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 kernel. \n 000448f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2077 module w\n-00044910: 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e ill be logged an\n-00044920: 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 730a 2020 d measured as. \n+00044900: 2020 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2077 696c module wil\n+00044910: 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e 6420 l be logged and \n+00044920: 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 730a 2020 2020 measured as. \n 00044930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 ent\n-00044950: 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 6566 ered with a pref\n-00044960: 6978 206f 6620 226d 6f64 756c 655f 636d ix of \"module_cm\n-00044970: 646c 696e 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 dline:. \n+00044940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 enter\n+00044950: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 6566 6978 ed with a prefix\n+00044960: 206f 6620 226d 6f64 756c 655f 636d 646c of \"module_cmdl\n+00044970: 696e 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ine:. \n 00044980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044990: 2020 2020 2020 220a 4669 6c65 7320 2020 \".Files \n-000449a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2039 9\n-000449b0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 Any file \n-000449c0: 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 2077 696c read by GRUB wil\n-000449d0: 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e 640a l be logged and.\n+00044990: 2020 2020 220a 4669 6c65 7320 2020 2020 \".Files \n+000449a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2039 2020 9 \n+000449b0: 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7265 Any file re\n+000449c0: 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 ad by GRUB will \n+000449d0: 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e 640a 2020 be logged and. \n 000449e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000449f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n-00044a00: 6561 7375 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 2064 easured with a d\n-00044a10: 6573 6372 6970 7469 7665 2074 6578 740a escriptive text.\n+000449f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6561 mea\n+00044a00: 7375 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 2064 6573 sured with a des\n+00044a10: 6372 6970 7469 7665 2074 6578 740a 2020 criptive text. \n 00044a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-00044a40: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 orresponding to \n-00044a50: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 the filename... \n-00044a60: 2020 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 GRUB will not \n-00044a70: 6d65 6173 7572 6520 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 measure its own \n-00044a80: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 202d ...core.img... -\n-00044a90: 2069 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 6420 it is expected \n-00044aa0: 7468 6174 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7769 that.firmware wi\n-00044ab0: 6c6c 2063 6172 7279 2074 6869 7320 6f75 ll carry this ou\n-00044ac0: 742e 2020 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 616c t. GRUB will al\n-00044ad0: 736f 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 so not perform a\n-00044ae0: 6e79 0a6d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 ny.measurements \n-00044af0: 756e 7469 6c20 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f until the tpm mo\n-00044b00: 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 dule is loaded. \n-00044b10: 2041 7320 7375 6368 2069 7420 6973 2072 As such it is r\n-00044b20: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 0a74 6861 7420 ecommended.that \n-00044b30: 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 the tpm module b\n-00044b40: 6520 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 20e2 8098 e built into ...\n-00044b50: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e 206f core.img... in o\n-00044b60: 7264 6572 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 610a rder to avoid a.\n-00044b70: 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6761 7020 696e potential gap in\n-00044b80: 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 2062 6574 measurement bet\n-00044b90: 7765 656e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 ween ...core.img\n-00044ba0: e280 9920 6265 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 ... being loaded\n-00044bb0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2074 706d 0a6d 6f64 and the tpm.mod\n-00044bc0: 756c 6520 6265 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 ule being loaded\n-00044bd0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2062 ... Measured b\n-00044be0: 6f6f 7420 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 oot is currently\n-00044bf0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 only supported \n-00044c00: 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 2049 424d 2049 on EFI and IBM I\n-00044c10: 4545 4531 3237 350a 506f 7765 7250 4320 EEE1275.PowerPC \n-00044c20: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 platforms.....Fi\n-00044c30: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00044c40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 Node: Lockdown, \n-00044c50: 2050 7265 763a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 Prev: Measured \n-00044c60: 426f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 Boot, Up: Secur\n-00044c70: 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3620 4c6f 636b 646f ity..19.6 Lockdo\n-00044c80: 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 wn when booting \n-00044c90: 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 on a secure setu\n-00044ca0: 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d p.==============\n+00044a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f72 cor\n+00044a40: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 responding to th\n+00044a50: 6520 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e filename... \n+00044a60: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6d65 GRUB will not me\n+00044a70: 6173 7572 6520 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 e280 asure its own ..\n+00044a80: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 202d 2069 .core.img... - i\n+00044a90: 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 6420 7468 t is expected th\n+00044aa0: 6174 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7769 6c6c at.firmware will\n+00044ab0: 2063 6172 7279 2074 6869 7320 6f75 742e carry this out.\n+00044ac0: 2020 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f GRUB will also\n+00044ad0: 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6e79 not perform any\n+00044ae0: 0a6d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 756e .measurements un\n+00044af0: 7469 6c20 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 til the tpm modu\n+00044b00: 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2041 le is loaded. A\n+00044b10: 7320 7375 6368 2069 7420 6973 2072 6563 s such it is rec\n+00044b20: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 0a74 6861 7420 7468 ommended.that th\n+00044b30: 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6520 e tpm module be \n+00044b40: 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 20e2 8098 636f built into ...co\n+00044b50: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e 206f 7264 re.img... in ord\n+00044b60: 6572 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 610a 706f er to avoid a.po\n+00044b70: 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6761 7020 696e 206d tential gap in m\n+00044b80: 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 2062 6574 7765 easurement betwe\n+00044b90: 656e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 en ...core.img..\n+00044ba0: 9920 6265 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 . being loaded a\n+00044bb0: 6e64 2074 6865 2074 706d 0a6d 6f64 756c nd the tpm.modul\n+00044bc0: 6520 6265 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a e being loaded..\n+00044bd0: 0a20 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2062 6f6f . Measured boo\n+00044be0: 7420 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f t is currently o\n+00044bf0: 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e nly supported on\n+00044c00: 2045 4649 2061 6e64 2049 424d 2049 4545 EFI and IBM IEE\n+00044c10: 4531 3237 350a 506f 7765 7250 4320 706c E1275.PowerPC pl\n+00044c20: 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 atforms.....File\n+00044c30: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00044c40: 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 de: Lockdown, P\n+00044c50: 7265 763a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f rev: Measured Bo\n+00044c60: 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 ot, Up: Securit\n+00044c70: 790a 0a31 392e 3620 4c6f 636b 646f 776e y..19.6 Lockdown\n+00044c80: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e when booting on\n+00044c90: 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a a secure setup.\n+00044ca0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044cb0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044cc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00044cd0: 5468 6520 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 The GRUB can be \n-00044ce0: 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e20 7768 656e locked down when\n-00044cf0: 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 booted on a sec\n-00044d00: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ure boot environ\n-00044d10: 6d65 6e74 2c0a 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c ment,.for exampl\n-00044d20: 6520 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 e if the UEFI se\n-00044d30: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 cure boot is ena\n-00044d40: 626c 6564 2e20 204f 6e20 6120 6c6f 636b bled. On a lock\n-00044d50: 6564 2064 6f77 6e0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ed down.configur\n-00044d60: 6174 696f 6e2c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ation, the GRUB \n-00044d70: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 will be restrict\n-00044d80: 6564 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 ed and some oper\n-00044d90: 6174 696f 6e73 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a ations/commands.\n-00044da0: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 cannot be execut\n-00044db0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 986c ed... The ...l\n-00044dc0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6ee2 8099 2076 6172 6961 ockdown... varia\n-00044dd0: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ble is set to ..\n-00044de0: 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 2047 .y... when the G\n-00044df0: 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f RUB is locked do\n-00044e00: 776e 2e0a 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6974 wn..Otherwise it\n-00044e10: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6578 6974 2e0a does not exit..\n-00044e20: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00044e30: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 fo, Node: Platf\n-00044e40: 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c orm limitations,\n-00044e50: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d Next: Platform\n-00044e60: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 -specific operat\n-00044e70: 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 6563 ions, Prev: Sec\n-00044e80: 7572 6974 792c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a urity, Up: Top.\n-00044e90: 0a32 3020 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d .20 Platform lim\n-00044ea0: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a itations.*******\n-00044eb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00044ec0: 0a0a 4752 5542 3220 6973 2064 6573 6967 ..GRUB2 is desig\n-00044ed0: 6e65 6420 746f 2062 6520 706f 7274 6162 ned to be portab\n-00044ee0: 6c65 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6163 7475 616c le and is actual\n-00044ef0: 6c79 2070 6f72 7465 6420 6163 726f 7373 ly ported across\n-00044f00: 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2057 6520 .platforms. We \n-00044f10: 7472 7920 746f 206b 6565 7020 616c 6c20 try to keep all \n-00044f20: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6174 2074 6865 platforms at the\n-00044f30: 206c 6576 656c 2e20 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 level. Unfortu\n-00044f40: 6e61 7465 6c79 0a73 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 nately.some plat\n-00044f50: 666f 726d 7320 6172 6520 6265 7474 6572 forms are better\n-00044f60: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2074 6861 6e20 supported than \n-00044f70: 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 others. This is\n-00044f80: 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e 0a63 7572 detailed in.cur\n-00044f90: 7265 6e74 2061 6e64 2032 2066 6f6c 6c6f rent and 2 follo\n-00044fa0: 7769 6e67 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a wing sections...\n-00044fb0: 2020 2041 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 All platforms\n-00044fc0: 2068 6176 6520 616e 2061 7274 6966 6963 have an artific\n-00044fd0: 6961 6c6c 7920 4752 5542 2069 6d70 6f73 ially GRUB impos\n-00044fe0: 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 2072 6573 ed disk size res\n-00044ff0: 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 3120 4569 triction.of 1 Ei\n-00045000: 422e 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 B. In some cases\n-00045010: 2c20 6c61 7267 6572 2064 6973 6b20 7369 , larger disk si\n-00045020: 7a65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642c zes can be used,\n-00045030: 2062 7574 2061 6363 6573 7320 7769 6c6c but access will\n-00045040: 0a6e 6f74 2062 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 .not be allowed \n-00045050: 6265 796f 6e64 2031 2045 6942 2e0a 0a20 beyond 1 EiB... \n-00045060: 2020 4c55 4b53 3220 6465 7669 6365 7320 LUKS2 devices \n-00045070: 7769 7468 2073 697a 6520 6c61 7267 6572 with size larger\n-00045080: 2074 6861 6e20 3136 2045 6942 2061 7265 than 16 EiB are\n-00045090: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206e 6f74 0a73 currently not.s\n-000450a0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e20 2054 6865 7920 upported. They \n-000450b0: 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 2063 7265 6174 can not be creat\n-000450c0: 6564 2061 7320 6372 7970 746f 2064 6576 ed as crypto dev\n-000450d0: 6963 6573 2062 7920 6372 7970 746f 6d6f ices by cryptomo\n-000450e0: 756e 742c 2073 6f0a 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 unt, so.can not \n-000450f0: 6576 656e 2062 6520 7061 7274 6961 6c6c even be partiall\n-00045100: 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 4c55 y read from. LU\n-00045110: 4b53 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 206c 696d 6974 KS have no limit\n-00045120: 6174 696f 6e73 206f 7468 6572 0a74 6861 ations other.tha\n-00045130: 6e20 7468 6f73 6520 696d 706f 7365 6420 n those imposed \n-00045140: 6279 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a by the format...\n-00045150: 2020 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 ARC platform \n-00045160: 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 2063 6861 is unable to cha\n-00045170: 6e67 6520 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2028 6669 nge datetime (fi\n-00045180: 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2073 rmware doesn't s\n-00045190: 6565 6d20 746f 0a70 726f 7669 6465 2061 eem to.provide a\n-000451a0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6974 function for it\n-000451b0: 292e 2020 454d 5520 6861 7320 7369 6d69 ). EMU has simi\n-000451c0: 6c61 7220 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a lar limitation..\n-000451d0: 0a20 2020 4f6e 2045 4d55 2070 6c61 7466 . On EMU platf\n-000451e0: 6f72 6d20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f orm no serial po\n-000451f0: 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e rt is available.\n-00045200: 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e 736f 6c65 2063 6861 .. Console cha\n-00045210: 7273 6574 2072 6566 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 rset refers only\n-00045220: 2074 6f20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2d61 7373 to firmware-ass\n-00045230: 6973 7465 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 isted console. \n-00045240: 6766 7874 6572 6d20 6973 0a61 6c77 6179 gfxterm is.alway\n-00045250: 7320 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2873 6565 2049 s Unicode (see I\n-00045260: 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 nternationalisat\n-00045270: 696f 6e20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 666f 7220 ion section for \n-00045280: 6974 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7329 its limitations)\n-00045290: 2e0a 5365 7269 616c 2069 7320 636f 6e66 ..Serial is conf\n-000452a0: 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 5554 462d igurable to UTF-\n-000452b0: 3820 6f72 2041 5343 4949 2028 7365 6520 8 or ASCII (see \n-000452c0: 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 Internationalisa\n-000452d0: 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 496e 0a63 6173 6520 tion). In.case \n-000452e0: 6f66 2071 656d 7520 616e 6420 636f 7265 of qemu and core\n-000452f0: 626f 6f74 2070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2072 boot ports the r\n-00045300: 6566 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2069 efered console i\n-00045310: 7320 7667 615f 7465 7874 2e0a 4c6f 6f6e s vga_text..Loon\n-00045320: 6773 6f6e 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6573 gson always uses\n-00045330: 2067 6678 7465 726d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f gfxterm... Mo\n-00045340: 7374 206c 696d 6974 6564 206f 6e65 2069 st limited one i\n-00045350: 7320 4153 4349 492e 2043 5034 3337 2070 s ASCII. CP437 p\n-00045360: 726f 7669 6465 7320 6164 6469 7469 6f6e rovides addition\n-00045370: 616c 6c79 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 ally.pseudograph\n-00045380: 6963 732e 2020 4752 5542 3220 646f 6573 ics. GRUB2 does\n-00045390: 6e27 7420 7573 6520 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 n't use any lang\n-000453a0: 7561 6765 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 uage characters \n-000453b0: 6672 6f6d 2043 5034 3337 2061 730a 6f66 from CP437 as.of\n-000453c0: 7465 6e20 4350 3433 3720 6973 2072 6570 ten CP437 is rep\n-000453d0: 6c61 6365 6420 6279 206e 6174 696f 6e61 laced by nationa\n-000453e0: 6c20 656e 636f 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d 7061 l encoding compa\n-000453f0: 7469 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e0a 7073 tible only in.ps\n-00045400: 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e20 2055 eudographics. U\n-00045410: 6e69 636f 6465 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f nicode is the mo\n-00045420: 7374 2076 6572 7361 7469 6c65 2063 6861 st versatile cha\n-00045430: 7273 6574 2077 6869 6368 2073 7570 706f rset which suppo\n-00045440: 7274 730a 6d61 6e79 206c 616e 6775 6167 rts.many languag\n-00045450: 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 es. However the\n-00045460: 2061 6374 7561 6c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 actual console \n-00045470: 6d61 7920 6265 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 may be much more\n-00045480: 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a64 6570 656e 6469 limited.dependi\n-00045490: 6e67 206f 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a0a ng on firmware..\n-000454a0: 2020 204f 6e20 4249 4f53 2c20 6e65 7477 On BIOS, netw\n-000454b0: 6f72 6b20 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 ork is supported\n-000454c0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2074 6865 2069 6d61 only if the ima\n-000454d0: 6765 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2074 6872 ge is loaded thr\n-000454e0: 6f75 6768 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2e20 204f ough.network. O\n-000454f0: 6e20 7370 6172 6336 342c 2047 5255 4220 n sparc64, GRUB \n-00045500: 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 2064 6574 is unable to det\n-00045510: 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 6368 2073 6572 ermine which ser\n-00045520: 7665 7220 6974 2077 6173 0a62 6f6f 7465 ver it was.boote\n-00045530: 6420 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4469 7265 d from... Dire\n-00045540: 6374 2041 5441 2f41 4843 4920 7375 7070 ct ATA/AHCI supp\n-00045550: 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 6369 ort allows to ci\n-00045560: 7263 756d 7665 6e74 2076 6172 696f 7573 rcumvent various\n-00045570: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 6c69 6d69 7461 firmware.limita\n-00045580: 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6973 6e27 7420 tions but isn't \n-00045590: 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 needed for norma\n-000455a0: 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6578 6365 l operation exce\n-000455b0: 7074 206f 6e20 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c0a pt on baremetal.\n-000455c0: 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 5420 6b65 ports... AT ke\n-000455d0: 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 yboard support a\n-000455e0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 206c llows keyboard l\n-000455f0: 6179 6f75 7420 7265 6d61 7070 696e 6720 ayout remapping \n-00045600: 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 720a and support for.\n-00045610: 6b65 7973 206e 6f74 2061 7661 696c 6162 keys not availab\n-00045620: 6c65 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2066 6972 6d77 le through firmw\n-00045630: 6172 652e 2020 4974 2069 736e 2774 206e are. It isn't n\n-00045640: 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 726d 616c eeded for normal\n-00045650: 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 .operation excep\n-00045660: 7420 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c20 706f 7274 t baremetal port\n-00045670: 732e 0a0a 2020 2053 7065 616b 6572 2061 s... Speaker a\n-00045680: 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d6f 7273 6520 616e 6420 llows morse and \n-00045690: 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 spkmodem communi\n-000456a0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5553 4220 cation... USB \n-000456b0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7072 6f76 6964 6573 support provides\n-000456c0: 2062 656e 6566 6974 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 benefits simila\n-000456d0: 7220 746f 2041 5441 2028 666f 7220 5553 r to ATA (for US\n-000456e0: 4220 6469 736b 7329 206f 7220 4154 0a28 B disks) or AT.(\n-000456f0: 666f 7220 5553 4220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 for USB keyboard\n-00045700: 7329 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e s). In addition\n-00045710: 2069 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2055 5342 7365 it allows USBse\n-00045720: 7269 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e6c rial... Chainl\n-00045730: 6f61 6469 6e67 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f oading refers to\n-00045740: 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 the ability to \n-00045750: 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f load another boo\n-00045760: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 726f 7567 680a tloader through.\n-00045770: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f 746f 636f the same protoco\n-00045780: 6c0a 0a20 2020 4869 6e74 7320 616c 6c6f l.. Hints allo\n-00045790: 7720 6661 7374 6572 2064 6973 6b20 6469 w faster disk di\n-000457a0: 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6279 2061 6c72 6561 scovery by alrea\n-000457b0: 6479 206b 6e6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e20 6164 dy knowing in ad\n-000457c0: 7661 6e63 6520 7768 6963 680a 6973 2074 vance which.is t\n-000457d0: 6865 2064 6973 6b20 696e 2071 7565 7374 he disk in quest\n-000457e0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 706c ion. On some pl\n-000457f0: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6869 6e74 7320 6172 atforms hints ar\n-00045800: 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 756e 6c65 7373 e correct unless\n-00045810: 2079 6f75 0a6d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6469 you.move the di\n-00045820: 736b 2062 6574 7765 656e 2062 6f6f 7473 sk between boots\n-00045830: 2e20 204f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 706c 6174 . On other plat\n-00045840: 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 206a 7573 7420 forms it's just \n-00045850: 616e 2065 6475 6361 7465 640a 6775 6573 an educated.gues\n-00045860: 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6869 s. Note that hi\n-00045870: 6e74 2066 6169 6c75 7265 2072 6573 756c nt failure resul\n-00045880: 7473 2069 6e20 6a75 7374 2072 6564 7563 ts in just reduc\n-00045890: 6564 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 ed performance, \n-000458a0: 6e6f 740a 6120 6661 696c 7572 650a 0a20 not.a failure.. \n-000458b0: 2020 4261 6452 414d 2069 7320 7468 6520 BadRAM is the \n-000458c0: 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206d 6172 6b20 ability to mark \n-000458d0: 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 5241 4d20 some of the RAM \n-000458e0: 6173 2022 6261 6422 2e20 204e 6f74 653a as \"bad\". Note:\n-000458f0: 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c due to.protocol\n-00045900: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206d 6970 limitations mip\n-00045910: 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 7769 7468 s-loongson (with\n-00045920: 204c 696e 7578 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 Linux protocol)\n-00045930: 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d and.mips-qemu_m\n-00045940: 6970 7320 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6f6e 6c79 ips can use only\n-00045950: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7570 2074 6f20 6669 memory up to fi\n-00045960: 7273 7420 686f 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 426f rst hole... Bo\n-00045970: 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6162 otlocation is ab\n-00045980: 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f ility of GRUB to\n-00045990: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 automatically d\n-000459a0: 6574 6563 7420 7768 6572 6520 6974 0a62 etect where it.b\n-000459b0: 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 2264 6973 oots from. \"dis\n-000459c0: 6b22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2064 6574 k\" means the det\n-000459d0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 ection is limite\n-000459e0: 6420 746f 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 2074 d to detecting t\n-000459f0: 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 7769 7468 2070 6172 he disk.with par\n-00045a00: 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6569 6e67 2064 6973 tition being dis\n-00045a10: 636f 7665 7265 6420 6f6e 2069 6e73 7461 covered on insta\n-00045a20: 6c6c 2074 696d 652e 2020 2270 6172 7469 ll time. \"parti\n-00045a30: 7469 6f6e 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 tion\" means that\n-00045a40: 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 .disk and partit\n-00045a50: 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6175 746f 6d61 on can be automa\n-00045a60: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6469 7363 6f76 6572 tically discover\n-00045a70: 6564 2e20 2022 6669 6c65 2220 6d65 616e ed. \"file\" mean\n-00045a80: 7320 7468 6174 0a62 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 s that.boot imag\n-00045a90: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6173 2077 e file name as w\n-00045aa0: 656c 6c20 6173 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 ell as disk and \n-00045ab0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 partition can be\n-00045ac0: 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 0a46 6f72 discovered..For\n-00045ad0: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 6379 2c20 6465 consistency, de\n-00045ae0: 6661 756c 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6967 fault install ig\n-00045af0: 6e6f 7265 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 nores partition \n-00045b00: 616e 6420 7265 6c69 6573 2073 6f6c 656c and relies solel\n-00045b10: 7920 6f6e 0a64 6973 6b20 6465 7465 6374 y on.disk detect\n-00045b20: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 626f 6f74 ion. If no boot\n-00045b30: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2064 6973 636f 7665 location discove\n-00045b40: 7279 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 ry is available \n-00045b50: 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 640a 6772 7562 or boot and.grub\n-00045b60: 2d72 6f6f 7420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 -root disks are \n-00045b70: 6469 6666 6572 656e 742c 2055 5549 4420 different, UUID \n-00045b80: 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 642e is used instead.\n-00045b90: 2020 4f6e 2041 5243 2069 6620 6e6f 0a64 On ARC if no.d\n-00045ba0: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c evice to install\n-00045bb0: 2074 6f20 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 to is specified\n-00045bc0: 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 7573 6564 2069 , UUID is used i\n-00045bd0: 6e73 7465 6164 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a nstead as well..\n-00045be0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00045bf0: 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 BIOS C\n-00045c00: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 4d75 oreboot Mu\n-00045c10: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2051 656d ltiboot Qem\n-00045c20: 750a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 u.video \n-00045c30: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045c40: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045c50: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045c60: 730a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 s.console \n-00045c70: 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00045c80: 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 CP437 C\n-00045c90: 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 P437 CP\n-00045ca0: 3433 370a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 437.charset.netw\n-00045cb0: 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 ork yes (\n-00045cc0: 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 *) no \n-00045cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00045ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 no.ATA/A\n-00045cf0: 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 HCI yes \n-00045d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d20: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 5420 6b65 yes.AT ke\n-00045d30: 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yboard yes \n-00045d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d60: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a53 7065 616b yes.Speak\n-00045d70: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 er yes \n-00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045da0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a55 5342 2020 yes.USB \n-00045db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00045dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045de0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6861 696e yes.chain\n-00045df0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 loader local \n-00045e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045e20: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 no.cpuid \n-00045e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c partial\n-00045e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n-00045e50: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-00045e60: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 7264 partial.rd\n-00045e70: 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 msr par\n-00045e80: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n-00045e90: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n-00045ea0: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n-00045eb0: 6c0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 l.wrmsr \n-00045ec0: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045ed0: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n-00045ee0: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n-00045ef0: 7274 6961 6c0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 rtial.hints \n-00045f00: 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-00045f10: 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-00045f20: 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-00045f30: 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 2020 2020 guess.PCI \n-00045f40: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f50: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f60: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f70: 2020 2020 7965 730a 6261 6472 616d 2020 yes.badram \n-00045f80: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f90: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fa0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fb0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 yes.compress\n-00045fc0: 696f 6e20 2020 2061 6c77 6179 7320 2020 ion always \n-00045fd0: 2020 2020 2020 706f 696e 746c 6573 7320 pointless \n-00045fe0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00045ff0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 no.exit \n-00046000: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046010: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046020: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046030: 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 no.bootlocati\n-00046040: 6f6e 2020 2064 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 on disk \n-00046050: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046060: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046070: 2020 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.. \n-00046080: 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 ia32 EFI \n-00046090: 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 4920 2020 amd64 EFI \n-000460a0: 2020 2069 6133 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 ia32 \n-000460b0: 2020 4974 616e 6975 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 Itanium. \n+00044cc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+00044cd0: 6520 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f e GRUB can be lo\n+00044ce0: 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 cked down when b\n+00044cf0: 6f6f 7465 6420 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 ooted on a secur\n+00044d00: 6520 626f 6f74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 e boot environme\n+00044d10: 6e74 2c0a 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 nt,.for example \n+00044d20: 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 if the UEFI secu\n+00044d30: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c re boot is enabl\n+00044d40: 6564 2e20 204f 6e20 6120 6c6f 636b 6564 ed. On a locked\n+00044d50: 2064 6f77 6e0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 down.configurat\n+00044d60: 696f 6e2c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7769 ion, the GRUB wi\n+00044d70: 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 ll be restricted\n+00044d80: 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 and some operat\n+00044d90: 696f 6e73 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 6361 ions/commands.ca\n+00044da0: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 nnot be executed\n+00044db0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 986c 6f63 ... The ...loc\n+00044dc0: 6b64 6f77 6ee2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c kdown... variabl\n+00044dd0: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e is set to ...y\n+00044de0: e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 ... when the GRU\n+00044df0: 4220 6973 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e B is locked down\n+00044e00: 2e0a 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6974 2064 ..Otherwise it d\n+00044e10: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f oes not exit....\n+00044e20: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00044e30: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 , Node: Platfor\n+00044e40: 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 m limitations, \n+00044e50: 4e65 7874 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 Next: Platform-s\n+00044e60: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f pecific operatio\n+00044e70: 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 6563 7572 ns, Prev: Secur\n+00044e80: 6974 792c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 ity, Up: Top..2\n+00044e90: 3020 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 0 Platform limit\n+00044ea0: 6174 696f 6e73 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ations.*********\n+00044eb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00044ec0: 4752 5542 3220 6973 2064 6573 6967 6e65 GRUB2 is designe\n+00044ed0: 6420 746f 2062 6520 706f 7274 6162 6c65 d to be portable\n+00044ee0: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6163 7475 616c 6c79 and is actually\n+00044ef0: 2070 6f72 7465 6420 6163 726f 7373 0a70 ported across.p\n+00044f00: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2057 6520 7472 latforms. We tr\n+00044f10: 7920 746f 206b 6565 7020 616c 6c20 706c y to keep all pl\n+00044f20: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6174 2074 6865 206c atforms at the l\n+00044f30: 6576 656c 2e20 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 evel. Unfortuna\n+00044f40: 7465 6c79 0a73 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f tely.some platfo\n+00044f50: 726d 7320 6172 6520 6265 7474 6572 2073 rms are better s\n+00044f60: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2074 6861 6e20 6f74 upported than ot\n+00044f70: 6865 7273 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 hers. This is d\n+00044f80: 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e 0a63 7572 7265 etailed in.curre\n+00044f90: 6e74 2061 6e64 2032 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 nt and 2 followi\n+00044fa0: 6e67 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 ng sections... \n+00044fb0: 2041 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 All platforms h\n+00044fc0: 6176 6520 616e 2061 7274 6966 6963 6961 ave an artificia\n+00044fd0: 6c6c 7920 4752 5542 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 lly GRUB imposed\n+00044fe0: 2064 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 2072 6573 7472 disk size restr\n+00044ff0: 6963 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 3120 4569 422e iction.of 1 EiB.\n+00045000: 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 In some cases, \n+00045010: 6c61 7267 6572 2064 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 larger disk size\n+00045020: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642c 2062 s can be used, b\n+00045030: 7574 2061 6363 6573 7320 7769 6c6c 0a6e ut access will.n\n+00045040: 6f74 2062 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 6265 ot be allowed be\n+00045050: 796f 6e64 2031 2045 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 yond 1 EiB... \n+00045060: 4c55 4b53 3220 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 LUKS2 devices wi\n+00045070: 7468 2073 697a 6520 6c61 7267 6572 2074 th size larger t\n+00045080: 6861 6e20 3136 2045 6942 2061 7265 2063 han 16 EiB are c\n+00045090: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206e 6f74 0a73 7570 urrently not.sup\n+000450a0: 706f 7274 6564 2e20 2054 6865 7920 6361 ported. They ca\n+000450b0: 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 n not be created\n+000450c0: 2061 7320 6372 7970 746f 2064 6576 6963 as crypto devic\n+000450d0: 6573 2062 7920 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e es by cryptomoun\n+000450e0: 742c 2073 6f0a 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6576 t, so.can not ev\n+000450f0: 656e 2062 6520 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 7920 en be partially \n+00045100: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 4c55 4b53 read from. LUKS\n+00045110: 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 206c 696d 6974 6174 have no limitat\n+00045120: 696f 6e73 206f 7468 6572 0a74 6861 6e20 ions other.than \n+00045130: 7468 6f73 6520 696d 706f 7365 6420 6279 those imposed by\n+00045140: 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 2020 the format... \n+00045150: 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6973 ARC platform is\n+00045160: 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 2063 6861 6e67 unable to chang\n+00045170: 6520 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2028 6669 726d e datetime (firm\n+00045180: 7761 7265 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2073 6565 ware doesn't see\n+00045190: 6d20 746f 0a70 726f 7669 6465 2061 2066 m to.provide a f\n+000451a0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6974 292e unction for it).\n+000451b0: 2020 454d 5520 6861 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 EMU has simila\n+000451c0: 7220 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 r limitation... \n+000451d0: 2020 4f6e 2045 4d55 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 On EMU platfor\n+000451e0: 6d20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 m no serial port\n+000451f0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a is available...\n+00045200: 2020 2043 6f6e 736f 6c65 2063 6861 7273 Console chars\n+00045210: 6574 2072 6566 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 2074 et refers only t\n+00045220: 6f20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2d61 7373 6973 o firmware-assis\n+00045230: 7465 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 6766 ted console. gf\n+00045240: 7874 6572 6d20 6973 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 xterm is.always \n+00045250: 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2873 6565 2049 6e74 Unicode (see Int\n+00045260: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f ernationalisatio\n+00045270: 6e20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6974 n section for it\n+00045280: 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7329 2e0a s limitations)..\n+00045290: 5365 7269 616c 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 Serial is config\n+000452a0: 7572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 5554 462d 3820 urable to UTF-8 \n+000452b0: 6f72 2041 5343 4949 2028 7365 6520 496e or ASCII (see In\n+000452c0: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n+000452d0: 6f6e 292e 2020 496e 0a63 6173 6520 6f66 on). In.case of\n+000452e0: 2071 656d 7520 616e 6420 636f 7265 626f qemu and corebo\n+000452f0: 6f74 2070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2072 6566 ot ports the ref\n+00045300: 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2069 7320 ered console is \n+00045310: 7667 615f 7465 7874 2e0a 4c6f 6f6e 6773 vga_text..Loongs\n+00045320: 6f6e 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6573 2067 on always uses g\n+00045330: 6678 7465 726d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 7374 fxterm... Most\n+00045340: 206c 696d 6974 6564 206f 6e65 2069 7320 limited one is \n+00045350: 4153 4349 492e 2043 5034 3337 2070 726f ASCII. CP437 pro\n+00045360: 7669 6465 7320 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c vides additional\n+00045370: 6c79 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 ly.pseudographic\n+00045380: 732e 2020 4752 5542 3220 646f 6573 6e27 s. GRUB2 doesn'\n+00045390: 7420 7573 6520 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 t use any langua\n+000453a0: 6765 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6672 ge characters fr\n+000453b0: 6f6d 2043 5034 3337 2061 730a 6f66 7465 om CP437 as.ofte\n+000453c0: 6e20 4350 3433 3720 6973 2072 6570 6c61 n CP437 is repla\n+000453d0: 6365 6420 6279 206e 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 ced by national \n+000453e0: 656e 636f 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 encoding compati\n+000453f0: 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e0a 7073 6575 ble only in.pseu\n+00045400: 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e20 2055 6e69 dographics. Uni\n+00045410: 636f 6465 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 code is the most\n+00045420: 2076 6572 7361 7469 6c65 2063 6861 7273 versatile chars\n+00045430: 6574 2077 6869 6368 2073 7570 706f 7274 et which support\n+00045440: 730a 6d61 6e79 206c 616e 6775 6167 6573 s.many languages\n+00045450: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 2061 . However the a\n+00045460: 6374 7561 6c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6d61 ctual console ma\n+00045470: 7920 6265 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 206c y be much more l\n+00045480: 696d 6974 6564 0a64 6570 656e 6469 6e67 imited.depending\n+00045490: 206f 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a0a 2020 on firmware.. \n+000454a0: 204f 6e20 4249 4f53 2c20 6e65 7477 6f72 On BIOS, networ\n+000454b0: 6b20 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f k is supported o\n+000454c0: 6e6c 7920 6966 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 nly if the image\n+000454d0: 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2074 6872 6f75 is loaded throu\n+000454e0: 6768 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2e20 204f 6e20 gh.network. On \n+000454f0: 7370 6172 6336 342c 2047 5255 4220 6973 sparc64, GRUB is\n+00045500: 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 2064 6574 6572 unable to deter\n+00045510: 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 6368 2073 6572 7665 mine which serve\n+00045520: 7220 6974 2077 6173 0a62 6f6f 7465 6420 r it was.booted \n+00045530: 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4469 7265 6374 from... Direct\n+00045540: 2041 5441 2f41 4843 4920 7375 7070 6f72 ATA/AHCI suppor\n+00045550: 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 6369 7263 t allows to circ\n+00045560: 756d 7665 6e74 2076 6172 696f 7573 2066 umvent various f\n+00045570: 6972 6d77 6172 650a 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 irmware.limitati\n+00045580: 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 ons but isn't ne\n+00045590: 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 eded for normal \n+000455a0: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 operation except\n+000455b0: 206f 6e20 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c0a 706f on baremetal.po\n+000455c0: 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 5420 6b65 7962 rts... AT keyb\n+000455d0: 6f61 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c oard support all\n+000455e0: 6f77 7320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 206c 6179 ows keyboard lay\n+000455f0: 6f75 7420 7265 6d61 7070 696e 6720 616e out remapping an\n+00045600: 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 720a 6b65 d support for.ke\n+00045610: 7973 206e 6f74 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ys not available\n+00045620: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2066 6972 6d77 6172 through firmwar\n+00045630: 652e 2020 4974 2069 736e 2774 206e 6565 e. It isn't nee\n+00045640: 6465 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 0a6f ded for normal.o\n+00045650: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7420 peration except \n+00045660: 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c20 706f 7274 732e baremetal ports.\n+00045670: 0a0a 2020 2053 7065 616b 6572 2061 6c6c .. Speaker all\n+00045680: 6f77 7320 6d6f 7273 6520 616e 6420 7370 ows morse and sp\n+00045690: 6b6d 6f64 656d 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 kmodem communica\n+000456a0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5553 4220 7375 tion... USB su\n+000456b0: 7070 6f72 7420 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2062 pport provides b\n+000456c0: 656e 6566 6974 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 enefits similar \n+000456d0: 746f 2041 5441 2028 666f 7220 5553 4220 to ATA (for USB \n+000456e0: 6469 736b 7329 206f 7220 4154 0a28 666f disks) or AT.(fo\n+000456f0: 7220 5553 4220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 7329 r USB keyboards)\n+00045700: 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2069 . In addition i\n+00045710: 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2055 5342 7365 7269 t allows USBseri\n+00045720: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e6c 6f61 al... Chainloa\n+00045730: 6469 6e67 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 ding refers to t\n+00045740: 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f he ability to lo\n+00045750: 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 746c ad another bootl\n+00045760: 6f61 6465 7220 7468 726f 7567 680a 7468 oader through.th\n+00045770: 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c0a e same protocol.\n+00045780: 0a20 2020 4869 6e74 7320 616c 6c6f 7720 . Hints allow \n+00045790: 6661 7374 6572 2064 6973 6b20 6469 7363 faster disk disc\n+000457a0: 6f76 6572 7920 6279 2061 6c72 6561 6479 overy by already\n+000457b0: 206b 6e6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e20 6164 7661 knowing in adva\n+000457c0: 6e63 6520 7768 6963 680a 6973 2074 6865 nce which.is the\n+000457d0: 2064 6973 6b20 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f disk in questio\n+000457e0: 6e2e 2020 4f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 n. On some plat\n+000457f0: 666f 726d 7320 6869 6e74 7320 6172 6520 forms hints are \n+00045800: 636f 7272 6563 7420 756e 6c65 7373 2079 correct unless y\n+00045810: 6f75 0a6d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6469 736b ou.move the disk\n+00045820: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 between boots. \n+00045830: 204f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 706c 6174 666f On other platfo\n+00045840: 726d 7320 6974 2773 206a 7573 7420 616e rms it's just an\n+00045850: 2065 6475 6361 7465 640a 6775 6573 732e educated.guess.\n+00045860: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6869 6e74 Note that hint\n+00045870: 2066 6169 6c75 7265 2072 6573 756c 7473 failure results\n+00045880: 2069 6e20 6a75 7374 2072 6564 7563 6564 in just reduced\n+00045890: 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 6e6f performance, no\n+000458a0: 740a 6120 6661 696c 7572 650a 0a20 2020 t.a failure.. \n+000458b0: 4261 6452 414d 2069 7320 7468 6520 6162 BadRAM is the ab\n+000458c0: 696c 6974 7920 746f 206d 6172 6b20 736f ility to mark so\n+000458d0: 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 5241 4d20 6173 me of the RAM as\n+000458e0: 2022 6261 6422 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 2064 \"bad\". Note: d\n+000458f0: 7565 2074 6f0a 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 206c ue to.protocol l\n+00045900: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206d 6970 732d imitations mips-\n+00045910: 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 7769 7468 204c loongson (with L\n+00045920: 696e 7578 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2061 inux protocol) a\n+00045930: 6e64 0a6d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 nd.mips-qemu_mip\n+00045940: 7320 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d s can use only m\n+00045950: 656d 6f72 7920 7570 2074 6f20 6669 7273 emory up to firs\n+00045960: 7420 686f 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 426f 6f74 t hole... Boot\n+00045970: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6162 696c location is abil\n+00045980: 6974 7920 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 ity of GRUB to a\n+00045990: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 utomatically det\n+000459a0: 6563 7420 7768 6572 6520 6974 0a62 6f6f ect where it.boo\n+000459b0: 7473 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 2264 6973 6b22 ts from. \"disk\"\n+000459c0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2064 6574 6563 means the detec\n+000459d0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 tion is limited \n+000459e0: 746f 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 2074 6865 to detecting the\n+000459f0: 2064 6973 6b0a 7769 7468 2070 6172 7469 disk.with parti\n+00045a00: 7469 6f6e 2062 6569 6e67 2064 6973 636f tion being disco\n+00045a10: 7665 7265 6420 6f6e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c vered on install\n+00045a20: 2074 696d 652e 2020 2270 6172 7469 7469 time. \"partiti\n+00045a30: 6f6e 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a64 on\" means that.d\n+00045a40: 6973 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 6f6e isk and partiton\n+00045a50: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 can be automati\n+00045a60: 6361 6c6c 7920 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 cally discovered\n+00045a70: 2e20 2022 6669 6c65 2220 6d65 616e 7320 . \"file\" means \n+00045a80: 7468 6174 0a62 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6520 that.boot image \n+00045a90: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6173 2077 656c file name as wel\n+00045aa0: 6c20 6173 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 7061 l as disk and pa\n+00045ab0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2064 rtition can be d\n+00045ac0: 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 0a46 6f72 2063 iscovered..For c\n+00045ad0: 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 6379 2c20 6465 6661 onsistency, defa\n+00045ae0: 756c 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6967 6e6f ult install igno\n+00045af0: 7265 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 616e res partition an\n+00045b00: 6420 7265 6c69 6573 2073 6f6c 656c 7920 d relies solely \n+00045b10: 6f6e 0a64 6973 6b20 6465 7465 6374 696f on.disk detectio\n+00045b20: 6e2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 626f 6f74 6c6f n. If no bootlo\n+00045b30: 6361 7469 6f6e 2064 6973 636f 7665 7279 cation discovery\n+00045b40: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f72 is available or\n+00045b50: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 640a 6772 7562 2d72 boot and.grub-r\n+00045b60: 6f6f 7420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6469 oot disks are di\n+00045b70: 6666 6572 656e 742c 2055 5549 4420 6973 fferent, UUID is\n+00045b80: 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 642e 2020 used instead. \n+00045b90: 4f6e 2041 5243 2069 6620 6e6f 0a64 6576 On ARC if no.dev\n+00045ba0: 6963 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 ice to install t\n+00045bb0: 6f20 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 o is specified, \n+00045bc0: 5555 4944 2069 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e73 UUID is used ins\n+00045bd0: 7465 6164 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 tead as well... \n+00045be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4249 BI\n+00045bf0: 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f72 OS Cor\n+00045c00: 6562 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 eboot Mult\n+00045c10: 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2051 656d 750a iboot Qemu.\n+00045c20: 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 video y\n+00045c30: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+00045c40: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00045c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00045c60: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 console C\n+00045c70: 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 P437 CP\n+00045c80: 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 437 CP4\n+00045c90: 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 37 CP43\n+00045ca0: 370a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 7.charset.networ\n+00045cb0: 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 k yes (*)\n+00045cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045cd0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045ce0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 no.ATA/AHC\n+00045cf0: 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 I yes \n+00045d00: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d10: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d20: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 yes.AT keyb\n+00045d30: 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 oard yes \n+00045d40: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d50: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d60: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a53 7065 616b 6572 yes.Speaker\n+00045d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d90: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045da0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a55 5342 2020 2020 yes.USB \n+00045db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00045dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045dd0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045de0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f yes.chainlo\n+00045df0: 6164 6572 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 ader local \n+00045e00: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045e10: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045e20: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 no.cpuid \n+00045e30: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+00045e40: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+00045e50: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+00045e60: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 7264 6d73 partial.rdms\n+00045e70: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 r parti\n+00045e80: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n+00045e90: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n+00045ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a partial.\n+00045eb0: 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 wrmsr p\n+00045ec0: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n+00045ed0: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n+00045ee0: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n+00045ef0: 6961 6c0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 ial.hints \n+00045f00: 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00045f10: 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00045f20: 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00045f30: 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 guess.PCI \n+00045f40: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f50: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f60: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f70: 2020 7965 730a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 yes.badram \n+00045f80: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f90: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fa0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fb0: 2020 7965 730a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f yes.compressio\n+00045fc0: 6e20 2020 2061 6c77 6179 7320 2020 2020 n always \n+00045fd0: 2020 2020 706f 696e 746c 6573 7320 2020 pointless \n+00045fe0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045ff0: 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n+00046000: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046010: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046020: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046030: 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e no.bootlocation\n+00046040: 2020 2064 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 disk \n+00046050: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046060: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046070: 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.. \n+00046080: 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n+00046090: 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 4920 2020 2020 amd64 EFI \n+000460a0: 2069 6133 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ia32 \n+000460b0: 4974 616e 6975 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 Itanium. \n 000460c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000460d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000460e0: 2020 2020 2020 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a IEEE1275.\n-000460f0: 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 video y\n-00046100: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00046110: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n-00046120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n-00046130: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e onsole Un\n-00046140: 6963 6f64 6520 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 icode Uni\n-00046150: 636f 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 code ASCI\n-00046160: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f I Unico\n-00046170: 6465 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f de.charset.netwo\n-00046180: 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 rk yes \n-00046190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000461a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000461b0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 5441 2f41 yes.ATA/A\n-000461c0: 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 HCI yes \n-000461d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000461e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000461f0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 no.AT key\n-00046200: 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 board yes \n-00046210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046220: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046230: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 no.Speaker\n-00046240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046250: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046260: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046270: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 no.USB \n-00046280: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046290: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000462a0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000462b0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 no.chainload\n-000462c0: 6572 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 er local \n-000462d0: 2020 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 local \n-000462e0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000462f0: 2020 206c 6f63 616c 0a63 7075 6964 2020 local.cpuid \n-00046300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n-00046310: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-00046320: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-00046330: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 no.rdmsr \n-00046340: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-00046350: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-00046360: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-00046370: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n-00046380: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-00046390: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-000463a0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-000463b0: 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 no.hints \n-000463c0: 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-000463d0: 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-000463e0: 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-000463f0: 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 2020 2020 guess.PCI \n-00046400: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046410: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046420: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046430: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 no.badram \n-00046440: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046450: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046460: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046470: 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 yes.compressi\n-00046480: 6f6e 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 on no \n-00046490: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000464a0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000464b0: 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n-000464c0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000464d0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000464e0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000464f0: 2020 7965 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 yes.bootlocati\n-00046500: 6f6e 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 on file \n-00046510: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n-00046520: 2020 2066 696c 652c 2020 2020 2020 2020 file, \n-00046530: 2020 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 file. \n+000460e0: 2020 2020 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a 7669 IEEE1275.vi\n+000460f0: 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 deo yes\n+00046100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00046110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e no.con\n+00046130: 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 sole Unic\n+00046140: 6f64 6520 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f ode Unico\n+00046150: 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 de ASCII \n+00046160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 Unicode\n+00046170: 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b .charset.network\n+00046180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046190: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461a0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461b0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 yes.ATA/AHC\n+000461c0: 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 I yes \n+000461d0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461e0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461f0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f no.AT keybo\n+00046200: 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 ard yes \n+00046210: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046220: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046230: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 no.Speaker \n+00046240: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046250: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046260: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046270: 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+00046280: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046290: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000462a0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000462b0: 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 no.chainloader\n+000462c0: 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 local \n+000462d0: 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n+000462e0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000462f0: 206c 6f63 616c 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 local.cpuid \n+00046300: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+00046310: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+00046320: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n+00046330: 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n+00046340: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+00046350: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n+00046360: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046370: 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n+00046380: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n+00046390: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+000463a0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+000463b0: 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 no.hints \n+000463c0: 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+000463d0: 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+000463e0: 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n+000463f0: 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 guess.PCI \n+00046400: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046410: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046420: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046430: 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 no.badram \n+00046440: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046450: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046460: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046470: 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e yes.compression\n+00046480: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046490: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000464a0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000464b0: 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n+000464c0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000464d0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000464e0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000464f0: 7965 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e yes.bootlocation\n+00046500: 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+00046510: 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+00046520: 2066 696c 652c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file, \n+00046530: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file. \n 00046540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00046550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046560: 2020 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 640a 0a20 2020 ignored.. \n-00046570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6f6e Loon\n-00046580: 6773 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 7263 gson sparc\n-00046590: 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 506f 7765 7270 64 Powerp\n-000465a0: 6320 2020 2020 2020 2041 5243 0a76 6964 c ARC.vid\n-000465b0: 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 eo yes \n-000465c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-000465d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000465e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 no.cons\n-000465f0: 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 204e 2f41 2020 ole N/A \n-00046600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 ASCII \n-00046610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 ASCII \n-00046620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 490a 6368 ASCII.ch\n-00046630: 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 arset.network \n-00046640: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046650: 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00046660: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046670: 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n-00046680: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046690: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466a0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466b0: 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 no.AT keyboard \n-000466c0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000466d0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466e0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466f0: 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n-00046700: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046710: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046720: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046730: 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.USB \n-00046740: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046750: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046760: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046770: 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .chainloader \n-00046780: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-00046790: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-000467a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-000467b0: 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e cpuid n\n-000467c0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-000467d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000467e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a72 no.r\n-000467f0: 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f dmsr no\n-00046800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00046810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7772 no.wr\n-00046830: 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 msr no \n-00046840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a68 696e no.hin\n-00046870: 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 ts good\n-00046880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 good \n-00046890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 good \n-000468a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 no.PCI \n-000468b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-000468c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-000468d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-000468e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 no.badra\n-000468f0: 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a m yes (*\n-00046900: 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 ) no \n-00046910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046920: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 no.compre\n-00046930: 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ssion configu\n-00046940: 7261 626c 6520 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 rable no \n-00046950: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046960: 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 configurab\n-00046970: 6c65 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 le.exit \n-00046980: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046990: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000469a0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-000469b0: 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 es.bootlocation \n-000469c0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469d0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 partition \n-000469e0: 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 file f\n-000469f0: 696c 6520 282a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ile (*).. \n-00046a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d49 5053 2071 656d MIPS qem\n-00046a10: 7520 2020 2020 2065 6d75 2020 2020 2020 u emu \n-00046a20: 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e0a 7669 6465 6f20 xen.video \n-00046a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046a50: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c no.consol\n-00046a60: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 e CP437 \n-00046a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 Unicode \n-00046a80: 282a 2920 2020 2041 5343 4949 0a63 6861 (*) ASCII.cha\n-00046a90: 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 rset.network \n-00046aa0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ab0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046ac0: 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n-00046ad0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046ae0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046af0: 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 no.AT keyboard\n-00046b00: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046b10: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b20: 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n-00046b30: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b40: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b50: 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n-00046b60: 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n-00046b70: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046b80: 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 no.chainloader\n-00046b90: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046ba0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046bb0: 2020 7965 730a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 yes.cpuid \n-00046bc0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046bd0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046be0: 2020 2079 6573 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 yes.rdmsr \n-00046bf0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c00: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c10: 2020 2020 7965 730a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 yes.wrmsr \n-00046c20: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c30: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c40: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a68 696e 7473 2020 yes.hints \n-00046c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 guess \n-00046c60: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c70: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 2020 no.PCI \n-00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c90: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ca0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 no.badram \n-00046cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 yes (*) \n-00046cc0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046cd0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 no.compres\n-00046ce0: 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 sion configur\n-00046cf0: 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 able no \n-00046d00: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 no.exit \n-00046d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046d20: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046d30: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 no.bootloc\n-00046d40: 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 ation no \n-00046d50: 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 file \n-00046d60: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 no....File\n-00046d70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00046d80: 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 de: Platform-spe\n-00046d90: 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 cific operations\n-00046da0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 7570 706f 7274 , Next: Support\n-00046db0: 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 ed kernels, Pre\n-00046dc0: 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 v: Platform limi\n-00046dd0: 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f tations, Up: To\n-00046de0: 700a 0a32 3120 4f75 746c 696e 650a 2a2a p..21 Outline.**\n-00046df0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 2070 ********..Some p\n-00046e00: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 6665 latforms have fe\n-00046e10: 6174 7572 6573 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c6c atures which all\n-00046e20: 6f77 7320 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 ows to implement\n-00046e30: 2073 6f6d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a75 some commands.u\n-00046e40: 7365 6c65 7373 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 696d seless or not im\n-00046e50: 706c 656d 656e 7461 626c 6520 6f6e 206f plementable on o\n-00046e60: 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2051 7569 636b thers... Quick\n-00046e70: 2073 756d 6d61 7279 3a0a 0a20 2020 496e summary:.. In\n-00046e80: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7472 6965 formation retrie\n-00046e90: 7661 6c3a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 val:.. ... mip\n-00046ea0: 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 3a20 6c73 sel-loongson: ls\n-00046eb0: 7370 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 732d spd. ... mips-\n-00046ec0: 6172 633a 206c 7364 6576 0a20 2020 e280 arc: lsdev. ..\n-00046ed0: a220 6566 693a 206c 7365 6669 7379 7374 . efi: lsefisyst\n-00046ee0: 6162 2c20 6c73 7361 6c2c 206c 7365 6669 ab, lssal, lsefi\n-00046ef0: 6d6d 6170 2c20 6c73 6566 690a 2020 20e2 mmap, lsefi. .\n-00046f00: 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6c73 6170 .. i386-pc: lsap\n-00046f10: 6d0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 636f m. ... i386-co\n-00046f20: 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 6c73 636f 7265 626f reboot: lscorebo\n-00046f30: 6f74 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f ot, coreboot_boo\n-00046f40: 7474 696d 652c 2063 626d 656d 630a 2020 ttime, cbmemc. \n-00046f50: 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d 656e 6162 6c65 ... acpi-enable\n-00046f60: 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 d (i386-pc, i386\n-00046f70: 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d -coreboot, i386-\n-00046f80: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6669 multiboot, *-efi\n-00046f90: 293a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 6163 7069 0a0a ):. lsacpi..\n-00046fa0: 2020 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6473 2066 Workarounds f\n-00046fb0: 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 or platform-spec\n-00046fc0: 6966 6963 2069 7373 7565 733a 0a20 2020 ific issues:. \n-00046fd0: e280 a220 6933 3836 2d65 6669 2f78 3836 ... i386-efi/x86\n-00046fe0: 5f36 342d 6566 693a 206c 6f61 6462 696f _64-efi: loadbio\n-00046ff0: 732c 2066 616b 6562 696f 732c 2066 6978 s, fakebios, fix\n-00047000: 5f76 6964 656f 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6163 _video. ... ac\n-00047010: 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 6933 3836 pi-enabled (i386\n-00047020: 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f -pc, i386-corebo\n-00047030: 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f ot, i386-multibo\n-00047040: 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a20 6163 7069 ot, *-efi): acpi\n-00047050: 0a20 2020 2020 286f 7665 7272 6964 6520 . (override \n-00047060: 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 7329 0a20 2020 ACPI tables). \n-00047070: e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2064 7269 ... i386-pc: dri\n-00047080: 7665 6d61 700a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 vemap. ... i38\n-00047090: 362d 7063 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 0a20 6-pc: sendkey.. \n-000470a0: 2020 4164 7661 6e63 6564 206f 7065 7261 Advanced opera\n-000470b0: 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 706f 7765 7220 tions for power \n-000470c0: 7573 6572 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7838 users:. ... x8\n-000470d0: 363a 2069 6f72 7720 2864 6972 6563 7420 6: iorw (direct \n-000470e0: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 492f 4f20 706f access to I/O po\n-000470f0: 7274 7329 0a0a 2020 204d 6973 6365 6c61 rts).. Miscela\n-00047100: 6e65 6f75 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 636d neous:. ... cm\n-00047110: 6f73 2028 7838 362d 2a2c 2069 6565 6531 os (x86-*, ieee1\n-00047120: 3237 352c 206d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 275, mips-qemu_m\n-00047130: 6970 732c 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 ips, mips-loongs\n-00047140: 6f6e 293a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2020 on): cmostest. \n-00047150: 2020 2028 7573 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 (used on some\n-00047160: 206c 6170 746f 7073 2074 6f20 6368 6563 laptops to chec\n-00047170: 6b20 666f 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 706f k for special po\n-00047180: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 292c 2063 6d6f wer-on key), cmo\n-00047190: 7363 6c65 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 sclean. ... i3\n-000471a0: 3836 2d70 633a 2070 6c61 790a 0a1f 0a46 86-pc: play....F\n-000471b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000471c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 Node: Supported\n-000471d0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a kernels, Next:\n-000471e0: 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 Troubleshooting\n-000471f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 , Prev: Platfor\n-00047200: 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 m-specific opera\n-00047210: 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a tions, Up: Top.\n-00047220: 0a32 3220 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 626f .22 Supported bo\n-00047230: 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a ot targets.*****\n+00046560: 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 640a 0a20 2020 2020 ignored.. \n+00046570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6f6e 6773 Loongs\n+00046580: 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 7263 3634 on sparc64\n+00046590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 506f 7765 7270 6320 Powerpc \n+000465a0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 5243 0a76 6964 656f ARC.video\n+000465b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+000465c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+000465d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000465e0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c no.consol\n+000465f0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 204e 2f41 2020 2020 e N/A \n+00046600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 ASCII \n+00046610: 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 ASCII \n+00046620: 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 490a 6368 6172 ASCII.char\n+00046630: 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 set.network \n+00046640: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046650: 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00046660: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046670: 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00046680: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046690: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000466a0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+000466b0: 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 o.AT keyboard \n+000466c0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000466d0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+000466e0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+000466f0: 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Speaker \n+00046700: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046710: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00046730: 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 USB y\n+00046740: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+00046750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00046760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n+00046770: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 hainloader ye\n+00046780: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n+00046790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+000467a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 no.cp\n+000467b0: 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 uid no \n+000467c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+000467d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+000467e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d no.rdm\n+000467f0: 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 sr no \n+00046800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 no.wrms\n+00046830: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 r no \n+00046840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a68 696e 7473 no.hints\n+00046870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 good \n+00046880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 good \n+00046890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 good \n+000468a0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 no.PCI \n+000468b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+000468c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468d0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468e0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 no.badram \n+000468f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 yes (*) \n+00046900: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046910: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046920: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 no.compress\n+00046930: 696f 6e20 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ion configura\n+00046940: 626c 6520 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 ble no \n+00046950: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046960: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 configurable\n+00046970: 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .exit \n+00046980: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n+00046990: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+000469a0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+000469b0: 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 .bootlocation \n+000469c0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 no p\n+000469d0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 6669 artition fi\n+000469e0: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c le fil\n+000469f0: 6520 282a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e (*).. \n+00046a00: 2020 2020 2020 4d49 5053 2071 656d 7520 MIPS qemu \n+00046a10: 2020 2020 2065 6d75 2020 2020 2020 2020 emu \n+00046a20: 2020 2020 7865 6e0a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 xen.video \n+00046a30: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046a40: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046a50: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 no.console \n+00046a60: 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00046a70: 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 282a Unicode (*\n+00046a80: 2920 2020 2041 5343 4949 0a63 6861 7273 ) ASCII.chars\n+00046a90: 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 et.network \n+00046aa0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ab0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046ac0: 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00046ad0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046ae0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046af0: 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 no.AT keyboard \n+00046b00: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046b10: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b20: 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n+00046b30: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b40: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b50: 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+00046b60: 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n+00046b70: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046b80: 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 no.chainloader \n+00046b90: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046ba0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046bb0: 7965 730a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 yes.cpuid \n+00046bc0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046bd0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046be0: 2079 6573 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 yes.rdmsr \n+00046bf0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c00: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c10: 2020 7965 730a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 yes.wrmsr \n+00046c20: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c30: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c40: 2020 2079 6573 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 yes.hints \n+00046c50: 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 guess \n+00046c60: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c70: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n+00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c90: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ca0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 no.badram \n+00046cb0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 yes (*) \n+00046cc0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046cd0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 no.compressi\n+00046ce0: 6f6e 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 on configurab\n+00046cf0: 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 le no \n+00046d00: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 no.exit \n+00046d10: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d20: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046d30: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 no.bootlocat\n+00046d40: 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 ion no \n+00046d50: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 file \n+00046d60: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 no....File: \n+00046d70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00046d80: 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 : Platform-speci\n+00046d90: 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 fic operations, \n+00046da0: 204e 6578 743a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 Next: Supported\n+00046db0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 763a kernels, Prev:\n+00046dc0: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 Platform limita\n+00046dd0: 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a tions, Up: Top.\n+00046de0: 0a32 3120 4f75 746c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a .21 Outline.****\n+00046df0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 2070 6c61 ******..Some pla\n+00046e00: 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 6665 6174 tforms have feat\n+00046e10: 7572 6573 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 ures which allow\n+00046e20: 7320 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 s to implement s\n+00046e30: 6f6d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a75 7365 ome commands.use\n+00046e40: 6c65 7373 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 696d 706c less or not impl\n+00046e50: 656d 656e 7461 626c 6520 6f6e 206f 7468 ementable on oth\n+00046e60: 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2051 7569 636b 2073 ers... Quick s\n+00046e70: 756d 6d61 7279 3a0a 0a20 2020 496e 666f ummary:.. Info\n+00046e80: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7472 6965 7661 rmation retrieva\n+00046e90: 6c3a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 7365 l:.. ... mipse\n+00046ea0: 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 3a20 6c73 7370 l-loongson: lssp\n+00046eb0: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 732d 6172 d. ... mips-ar\n+00046ec0: 633a 206c 7364 6576 0a20 2020 e280 a220 c: lsdev. ... \n+00046ed0: 6566 693a 206c 7365 6669 7379 7374 6162 efi: lsefisystab\n+00046ee0: 2c20 6c73 7361 6c2c 206c 7365 6669 6d6d , lssal, lsefimm\n+00046ef0: 6170 2c20 6c73 6566 690a 2020 20e2 80a2 ap, lsefi. ...\n+00046f00: 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6c73 6170 6d0a i386-pc: lsapm.\n+00046f10: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 ... i386-core\n+00046f20: 626f 6f74 3a20 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 boot: lscoreboot\n+00046f30: 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 , coreboot_boott\n+00046f40: 696d 652c 2063 626d 656d 630a 2020 20e2 ime, cbmemc. .\n+00046f50: 80a2 2061 6370 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 .. acpi-enabled \n+00046f60: 2869 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 (i386-pc, i386-c\n+00046f70: 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 oreboot, i386-mu\n+00046f80: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a ltiboot, *-efi):\n+00046f90: 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 6163 7069 0a0a 2020 . lsacpi.. \n+00046fa0: 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6473 2066 6f72 Workarounds for\n+00046fb0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 platform-specif\n+00046fc0: 6963 2069 7373 7565 733a 0a20 2020 e280 ic issues:. ..\n+00046fd0: a220 6933 3836 2d65 6669 2f78 3836 5f36 . i386-efi/x86_6\n+00046fe0: 342d 6566 693a 206c 6f61 6462 696f 732c 4-efi: loadbios,\n+00046ff0: 2066 616b 6562 696f 732c 2066 6978 5f76 fakebios, fix_v\n+00047000: 6964 656f 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6163 7069 ideo. ... acpi\n+00047010: 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 6933 3836 2d70 -enabled (i386-p\n+00047020: 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 c, i386-coreboot\n+00047030: 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 , i386-multiboot\n+00047040: 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a20 6163 7069 0a20 , *-efi): acpi. \n+00047050: 2020 2020 286f 7665 7272 6964 6520 4143 (override AC\n+00047060: 5049 2074 6162 6c65 7329 0a20 2020 e280 PI tables). ..\n+00047070: a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2064 7269 7665 . i386-pc: drive\n+00047080: 6d61 700a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d map. ... i386-\n+00047090: 7063 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 pc: sendkey.. \n+000470a0: 4164 7661 6e63 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 Advanced operati\n+000470b0: 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 706f 7765 7220 7573 ons for power us\n+000470c0: 6572 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7838 363a ers:. ... x86:\n+000470d0: 2069 6f72 7720 2864 6972 6563 7420 6163 iorw (direct ac\n+000470e0: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 492f 4f20 706f 7274 cess to I/O port\n+000470f0: 7329 0a0a 2020 204d 6973 6365 6c61 6e65 s).. Miscelane\n+00047100: 6f75 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 636d 6f73 ous:. ... cmos\n+00047110: 2028 7838 362d 2a2c 2069 6565 6531 3237 (x86-*, ieee127\n+00047120: 352c 206d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 5, mips-qemu_mip\n+00047130: 732c 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e s, mips-loongson\n+00047140: 293a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2020 2020 ): cmostest. \n+00047150: 2028 7573 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206c (used on some l\n+00047160: 6170 746f 7073 2074 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 aptops to check \n+00047170: 666f 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 706f 7765 for special powe\n+00047180: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 292c 2063 6d6f 7363 r-on key), cmosc\n+00047190: 6c65 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 lean. ... i386\n+000471a0: 2d70 633a 2070 6c61 790a 0a1f 0a46 696c -pc: play....Fil\n+000471b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000471c0: 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b ode: Supported k\n+000471d0: 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2054 ernels, Next: T\n+000471e0: 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 roubleshooting, \n+000471f0: 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d Prev: Platform-\n+00047200: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 specific operati\n+00047210: 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 ons, Up: Top..2\n+00047220: 3220 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 626f 6f74 2 Supported boot\n+00047230: 2074 6172 6765 7473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a targets.*******\n 00047240: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00047250: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5838 3620 7375 7070 6f72 ****..X86 suppor\n-00047260: 7420 6973 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7365 6420 t is summarised \n-00047270: 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 in the following\n-00047280: 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2022 5965 7322 206d table. \"Yes\" m\n-00047290: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 6b65 eans that the.ke\n-000472a0: 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 206f 6e20 7468 rnel works on th\n-000472b0: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d e given platform\n-000472c0: 2c20 2263 7261 7368 6573 2220 6d65 616e , \"crashes\" mean\n-000472d0: 7320 616e 2065 6172 6c79 206b 6572 6e65 s an early kerne\n-000472e0: 6c0a 6372 6173 6820 7768 6963 6820 7765 l.crash which we\n-000472f0: 2068 6f70 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6669 hope will be fi\n-00047300: 7865 6420 6279 2063 6f6e 6365 726e 6564 xed by concerned\n-00047310: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 kernel develope\n-00047320: 7273 2e20 2022 6e6f 220a 6d65 616e 7320 rs. \"no\".means \n-00047330: 4752 5542 2064 6f65 736e 2774 206c 6f61 GRUB doesn't loa\n-00047340: 6420 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 726e d the given kern\n-00047350: 656c 206f 6e20 6120 6769 7665 6e20 706c el on a given pl\n-00047360: 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2268 6561 646c 6573 atform..\"headles\n-00047370: 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 s\" means that th\n-00047380: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 2062 e kernel works b\n-00047390: 7574 206c 6163 6b73 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 ut lacks console\n-000473a0: 2064 7269 7665 7273 2028 796f 750a 6361 drivers (you.ca\n-000473b0: 6e20 7374 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7365 7269 n still use seri\n-000473c0: 616c 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 636f al or network co\n-000473d0: 6e73 6f6c 6529 2e20 2049 6e20 6361 7365 nsole). In case\n-000473e0: 206f 6620 226e 6f22 2061 6e64 2022 6372 of \"no\" and \"cr\n-000473f0: 6173 6865 7322 0a74 6865 2072 6561 736f ashes\".the reaso\n-00047400: 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2069 6e20 666f n is given in fo\n-00047410: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 otnote.. \n+00047250: 2a2a 0a0a 5838 3620 7375 7070 6f72 7420 **..X86 support \n+00047260: 6973 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7365 6420 696e is summarised in\n+00047270: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 the following t\n+00047280: 6162 6c65 2e20 2022 5965 7322 206d 6561 able. \"Yes\" mea\n+00047290: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 6b65 726e ns that the.kern\n+000472a0: 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 el works on the \n+000472b0: 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 given platform, \n+000472c0: 2263 7261 7368 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 \"crashes\" means \n+000472d0: 616e 2065 6172 6c79 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a an early kernel.\n+000472e0: 6372 6173 6820 7768 6963 6820 7765 2068 crash which we h\n+000472f0: 6f70 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6669 7865 ope will be fixe\n+00047300: 6420 6279 2063 6f6e 6365 726e 6564 206b d by concerned k\n+00047310: 6572 6e65 6c20 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7273 ernel developers\n+00047320: 2e20 2022 6e6f 220a 6d65 616e 7320 4752 . \"no\".means GR\n+00047330: 5542 2064 6f65 736e 2774 206c 6f61 6420 UB doesn't load \n+00047340: 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 726e 656c the given kernel\n+00047350: 206f 6e20 6120 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 on a given plat\n+00047360: 666f 726d 2e0a 2268 6561 646c 6573 7322 form..\"headless\"\n+00047370: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 means that the \n+00047380: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 2062 7574 kernel works but\n+00047390: 206c 6163 6b73 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2064 lacks console d\n+000473a0: 7269 7665 7273 2028 796f 750a 6361 6e20 rivers (you.can \n+000473b0: 7374 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7365 7269 616c still use serial\n+000473c0: 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 636f 6e73 or network cons\n+000473d0: 6f6c 6529 2e20 2049 6e20 6361 7365 206f ole). In case o\n+000473e0: 6620 226e 6f22 2061 6e64 2022 6372 6173 f \"no\" and \"cras\n+000473f0: 6865 7322 0a74 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e20 hes\".the reason \n+00047400: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2069 6e20 666f 6f74 is given in foot\n+00047410: 6e6f 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 note.. \n 00047420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f BIO\n-00047440: 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f S Co\n-00047450: 7265 626f 6f74 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 reboot.BIOS chai\n-00047460: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloading \n-00047470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00047480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00047490: 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n+00047430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 BIOS \n+00047440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 Core\n+00047450: 626f 6f74 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c boot.BIOS chainl\n+00047460: 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oading \n+00047470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00047480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047490: 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).NTLDR \n 000474a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000474b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000474c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-000474d0: 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Plan9 \n+000474b0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000474c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 no (1).P\n+000474d0: 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lan9 \n 000474e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000474f0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047500: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n-00047510: 6565 646f 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eedos \n+000474f0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047500: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 no (1).Free\n+00047510: 646f 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos \n 00047520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047530: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047540: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 no (1).FreeB\n-00047550: 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 SD bootloader \n-00047560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047570: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047580: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d crashes (1).32-\n-00047590: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n+00047530: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047540: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 no (1).FreeBSD\n+00047550: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 bootloader \n+00047560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047570: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 s c\n+00047580: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 rashes (1).32-bi\n+00047590: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n 000475a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000475b0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000475c0: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 crashes (5).6\n-000475d0: 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 4-bit kFreeBSD \n+000475b0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000475c0: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d crashes (5).64-\n+000475d0: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n 000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000475f0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047600: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n-00047610: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .32-bit kNetBSD \n+000475f0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047600: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 crashes (5).3\n+00047610: 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2-bit kNetBSD \n 00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047630: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047640: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00047650: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 1).64-bit kNetBS\n-00047660: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00047670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n-00047690: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 .32-bit kOpenBSD\n+00047630: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047640: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+00047650: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .64-bit kNetBSD \n+00047660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047670: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 0a33 crashes.3\n+00047690: 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2-bit kOpenBSD \n 000476a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476b0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 yes.64-bi\n-000476d0: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n-000476e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476f0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047700: 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 yes.Multiboot \n+000476b0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000476c0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 yes.64-bit \n+000476d0: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+000476e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000476f0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+00047700: 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 es.Multiboot \n 00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00047730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d yes.M\n-00047740: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot2 \n+00047720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00047730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c yes.Mul\n+00047740: 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot2 \n 00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047760: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047770: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n-00047780: 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 Linux (legacy pr\n-00047790: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 otocol) ye\n-000477a0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e s n\n-000477b0: 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).64-bit Lin\n-000477c0: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n-000477d0: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n-000477e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-000477f0: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).32-bit Linux \n-00047800: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n-00047810: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n-00047820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d yes.64-\n-00047830: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n-00047840: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n-00047850: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047860: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e yes.32-bit XN\n-00047870: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n-00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00047890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 ?.6\n-000478a0: 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 4-bit XNU \n+00047760: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047770: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 yes.32-bit Li\n+00047780: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n+00047790: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ocol) yes \n+000477a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+000477b0: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).64-bit Linux\n+000477c0: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n+000477d0: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n+000477e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+000477f0: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d .32-bit Linux (m\n+00047800: 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 odern protocol) \n+00047810: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047820: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 yes.64-bi\n+00047830: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 t Linux (modern \n+00047840: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00047850: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047860: 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 yes.32-bit XNU \n+00047870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00047890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d ?.64-\n+000478a0: 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 bit XNU \n 000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000478c0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000478d0: 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 ?.32-bit EF\n-000478e0: 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 I chainloader \n-000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00047900: 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2) no \n-00047910: 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 (2).64-bit EFI c\n-00047920: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n-00047930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 no (2) \n-00047940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n-00047950: 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .Appleloader \n+000478c0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000478d0: 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 ?.32-bit EFI \n+000478e0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 chainloader \n+000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n+00047900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n+00047910: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 ).64-bit EFI cha\n+00047920: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n+00047930: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 no (2) \n+00047940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 no (2).A\n+00047950: 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 ppleloader \n 00047960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047970: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047980: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 no (2).. \n+00047970: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047980: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 no (2).. \n 00047990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000479a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000479b0: 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 Multiboot \n-000479c0: 2020 2020 2051 656d 750a 4249 4f53 2063 Qemu.BIOS c\n-000479d0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 hainloading \n-000479e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-000479f0: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n-00047a00: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n+000479b0: 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 Multiboot \n+000479c0: 2020 2051 656d 750a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 Qemu.BIOS cha\n+000479d0: 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 inloading \n+000479e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+000479f0: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n+00047a00: 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n 00047a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00047a30: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n-00047a40: 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n+00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00047a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047a40: 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).Plan9 \n 00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n-00047a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00047a80: 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 .FreeDOS \n+00047a60: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+00047a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n+00047a80: 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeDOS \n 00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047aa0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047ab0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n-00047ac0: 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 eeBSD bootloader\n+00047aa0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047ab0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 no (1).Free\n+00047ac0: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 BSD bootloader \n 00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047ae0: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 crashes (1) \n-00047af0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n-00047b00: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 32-bit kFreeBSD \n+00047ae0: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n+00047af0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 crashes (1).32\n+00047b00: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n 00047b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b20: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n-00047b30: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n-00047b40: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 ).64-bit kFreeBS\n-00047b50: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00047b60: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00047b70: 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 5) crashes \n-00047b80: 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 (5).32-bit kNetB\n-00047b90: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-00047ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n-00047bb0: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 (1) crashe\n-00047bc0: 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 s (1).64-bit kNe\n-00047bd0: 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tBSD \n-00047be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00047c00: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 32-bit kOpenBSD \n+00047b20: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 crashes (5) \n+00047b30: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a crashes (5).\n+00047b40: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 64-bit kFreeBSD \n+00047b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047b60: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n+00047b70: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n+00047b80: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 ).32-bit kNetBSD\n+00047b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n+00047bb0: 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 1) crashes \n+00047bc0: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 (1).64-bit kNetB\n+00047bd0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+00047be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n+00047c00: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n 00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c20: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047c30: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 yes.64-bit\n-00047c40: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-00047c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047c60: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047c70: 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 yes.Multiboot \n+00047c20: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047c30: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b yes.64-bit k\n+00047c40: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n+00047c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047c70: 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 s.Multiboot \n 00047c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00047ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 yes.Mu\n-00047cb0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot2 \n+00047c90: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 yes.Mult\n+00047cb0: 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot2 \n 00047cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047cd0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047ce0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c yes.32-bit L\n-00047cf0: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n-00047d00: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 tocol) no \n-00047d10: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n-00047d20: 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 (1).64-bit Linu\n-00047d30: 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 x (legacy protoc\n-00047d40: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 ol) no (1)\n-00047d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-00047d60: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).32-bit Linux (\n-00047d70: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n-00047d80: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 yes.64-b\n-00047da0: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n-00047db0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00047dc0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047dd0: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 yes.32-bit XNU\n+00047cd0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047ce0: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e yes.32-bit Lin\n+00047cf0: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n+00047d00: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 col) no (1\n+00047d10: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00047d20: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).64-bit Linux \n+00047d30: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n+00047d40: 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 ) no (1) \n+00047d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00047d60: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 32-bit Linux (mo\n+00047d70: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n+00047d80: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047d90: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 yes.64-bit\n+00047da0: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n+00047db0: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n+00047dc0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00047dd0: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 yes.32-bit XNU \n 00047de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 ? \n-00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 ?.64\n-00047e10: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 -bit XNU \n+00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 ?.64-b\n+00047e10: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n 00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e30: 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047e40: 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 ?.32-bit EFI\n-00047e50: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 chainloader \n-00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n-00047e70: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00047e80: 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 2).64-bit EFI ch\n-00047e90: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n-00047ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 no (2) \n-00047eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n-00047ec0: 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 Appleloader \n+00047e30: 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047e40: 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 ?.32-bit EFI c\n+00047e50: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n+00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 no (2) \n+00047e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n+00047e80: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 .64-bit EFI chai\n+00047e90: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloader \n+00047ea0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047eb0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 no (2).Ap\n+00047ec0: 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 pleloader \n 00047ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047ee0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047ef0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 no (2).. \n+00047ee0: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047ef0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 no (2).. \n 00047f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00047f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f20: 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n-00047f30: 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 490a 4249 amd64 EFI.BI\n-00047f40: 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 OS chainloading \n+00047f20: 2069 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n+00047f30: 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 490a 4249 4f53 amd64 EFI.BIOS\n+00047f40: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 chainloading \n 00047f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f60: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047f70: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 no (1).NTLDR\n+00047f60: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047f70: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n 00047f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047fa0: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047fb0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n+00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047fa0: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n+00047fb0: 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 o (1).Plan9 \n 00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00047fe0: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n-00047ff0: 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 (1).FreeDOS \n+00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047fe0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00047ff0: 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 1).FreeDOS \n 00048000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00048020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-00048030: 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f ).FreeBSD bootlo\n-00048040: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00048050: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00048060: 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 1) crashes \n-00048070: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 (1).32-bit kFree\n-00048080: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00048090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 headles\n-000480a0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 s headle\n-000480b0: 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 ss.64-bit kFreeB\n-000480c0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-000480d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 headless\n-000480e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 headles\n-000480f0: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 s.32-bit kNetBSD\n+00048010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n+00048020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00048030: 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 FreeBSD bootload\n+00048040: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+00048050: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+00048060: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n+00048070: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 ).32-bit kFreeBS\n+00048080: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00048090: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 headless \n+000480a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 headless\n+000480b0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .64-bit kFreeBSD\n+000480c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000480d0: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 headless \n+000480e0: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a headless.\n+000480f0: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 32-bit kNetBSD \n 00048100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048110: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00048120: 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 1) crashes \n-00048130: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 (1).64-bit kNetB\n-00048140: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-00048150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00048160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n-00048170: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n+00048110: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+00048120: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n+00048130: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 ).64-bit kNetBSD\n+00048140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048150: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n+00048170: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n 00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048190: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 headless \n-000481a0: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d headless.64-\n-000481b0: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 bit kOpenBSD \n+00048190: 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 headless \n+000481a0: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 headless.64-bi\n+000481b0: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n 000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000481d0: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 headless \n-000481e0: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 4d75 6c74 headless.Mult\n-000481f0: 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot \n-00048200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048210: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048220: 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 yes.Multiboot2\n+000481d0: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 headless \n+000481e0: 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 headless.Multib\n+000481f0: 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot \n+00048200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+00048210: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00048220: 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 yes.Multiboot2 \n 00048230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00048250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00048260: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 32-bit Linux (le\n-00048270: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n-00048280: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048290: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d no (1).64-\n-000482a0: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 bit Linux (legac\n-000482b0: 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 y protocol) \n-000482c0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000482d0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 no (1).32-bit\n-000482e0: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n-000482f0: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n-00048300: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00048310: 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 yes.64-bit Linux\n-00048320: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n-00048330: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n-00048340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n-00048350: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 -bit XNU \n+00048240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00048250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n+00048260: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n+00048270: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n+00048280: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048290: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 no (1).64-bi\n+000482a0: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 t Linux (legacy \n+000482b0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+000482c0: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+000482d0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c no (1).32-bit L\n+000482e0: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n+000482f0: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n+00048300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00048310: 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 s.64-bit Linux (\n+00048320: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n+00048330: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n+00048350: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n 00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048370: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048380: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 yes.64-bit X\n-00048390: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n-000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000483b0: 2028 3429 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 (4) ye\n-000483c0: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 s.32-bit EFI cha\n-000483d0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n-000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000483f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 0a36 no (3).6\n-00048400: 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 4-bit EFI chainl\n-00048410: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n-00048420: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 2020 2020 2020 no (3) \n-00048430: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f yes.Applelo\n-00048440: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00048450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00048460: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00048470: 6573 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es.. \n+00048370: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048380: 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 yes.64-bit XNU\n+00048390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 yes (\n+000483b0: 3429 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4) yes.\n+000483c0: 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 32-bit EFI chain\n+000483d0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+000483e0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000483f0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 0a36 342d no (3).64-\n+00048400: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n+00048410: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n+00048420: 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (3) \n+00048430: 2020 2079 6573 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 yes.Appleload\n+00048440: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+00048450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00048460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00048470: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n 00048480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4945 ia32 IE\n-000484a0: 4545 3132 3735 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 EE1275.BIOS chai\n-000484b0: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloading \n-000484c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-000484d0: 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).NTLDR \n+00048490: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4945 4545 ia32 IEEE\n+000484a0: 3132 3735 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 1275.BIOS chainl\n+000484b0: 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oading \n+000484c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+000484d0: 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .NTLDR \n 000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000484f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 no (1).P\n-00048500: 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lan9 \n+000484f0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 no (1).Pla\n+00048500: 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n9 \n 00048510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048520: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 no (1).FreeD\n-00048530: 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 OS \n-00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048550: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 no (1).FreeBSD b\n-00048560: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ootloader \n-00048570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n-00048580: 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b hes (1).32-bit k\n-00048590: 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeBSD \n-000485a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-000485b0: 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 shes (5).64-bit \n-000485c0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-000485d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-000485e0: 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (5).32-bit\n-000485f0: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-00048610: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 rashes (1).64-bi\n-00048620: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 t kNetBSD \n-00048630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048640: 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 ?.32-bit kOpenBS\n-00048650: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00048660: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 ?.64-bit \n-00048670: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n-00048690: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n+00048520: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 no (1).FreeDOS\n+00048530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00048550: 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f (1).FreeBSD boo\n+00048560: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 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kO\n+00048670: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n+00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 ?.Mu\n+00048690: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot \n 000486a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486b0: 2020 2020 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 ?.Multiboot\n-000486c0: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n-000486d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 ?.32\n-000486e0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n-000486f0: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n-00048700: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (1).64-bit\n-00048710: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n-00048720: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e rotocol) n\n-00048730: 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).32-bit Lin\n-00048740: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n-00048750: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d col) ?.64-\n-00048760: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n-00048770: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n-00048780: 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 ?.32-bit XNU \n+000486b0: 2020 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 ?.Multiboot2 \n+000486c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000486d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 ?.32-b\n+000486e0: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 it Linux (legacy\n+000486f0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00048700: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c no (1).64-bit L\n+00048710: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n+00048720: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 tocol) no \n+00048730: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).32-bit Linux\n+00048740: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n+00048750: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 l) ?.64-bi\n+00048760: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 t Linux (modern \n+00048770: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00048780: 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 ?.32-bit XNU \n 00048790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 ?.64-bi\n-000487b0: 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t XNU \n-000487c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000487d0: 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 ?.32-bit EFI cha\n-000487e0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n-000487f0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 no (2).64\n-00048800: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n-00048810: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00048820: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c no (2).Applel\n-00048830: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n-00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00048850: 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2031 2e20 5265 7175 o (2).. 1. Requ\n-00048860: 6972 6573 2042 494f 530a 2020 322e 2045 ires BIOS. 2. E\n-00048870: 4649 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 332e 2033 322d FI only. 3. 32-\n-00048880: 6269 7420 616e 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2045 bit and 64-bit E\n-00048890: 4649 2068 6176 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e FI have differen\n-000488a0: 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2061 6e64 t structures and\n-000488b0: 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6469 work in. di\n-000488c0: 6666 6572 656e 7420 4350 5520 6d6f 6465 fferent CPU mode\n-000488d0: 7320 736f 2069 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 706f s so it's not po\n-000488e0: 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e6c ssible to chainl\n-000488f0: 6f61 6420 3332 2d62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 oad 32-bit. \n-00048900: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 3634 bootloader on 64\n-00048910: 2d62 6974 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 616e -bit platform an\n-00048920: 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 0a20 2034 d vice-versa. 4\n-00048930: 2e20 536f 6d65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d . Some modules m\n-00048940: 6179 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 6469 ay need to be di\n-00048950: 7361 626c 6564 0a20 2035 2e20 5265 7175 sabled. 5. Requ\n-00048960: 6972 6573 2041 4350 490a 0a20 2020 506f ires ACPI.. Po\n-00048970: 7765 7250 432c 2049 4136 3420 616e 6420 werPC, IA64 and \n-00048980: 5370 6172 6336 3420 706f 7274 7320 7375 Sparc64 ports su\n-00048990: 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e 6c79 204c 696e 7578 pport only Linux\n-000489a0: 2e20 204d 4950 5320 706f 7274 0a73 7570 . MIPS port.sup\n-000489b0: 706f 7274 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 616e 6420 ports Linux and \n-000489c0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2e0a 0a32 322e multiboot2...22.\n-000489d0: 3120 426f 6f74 2074 6573 7473 0a3d 3d3d 1 Boot tests.===\n-000489e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4173 ============..As\n-000489f0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7365 656e 2069 you have seen i\n-00048a00: 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2063 6861 7074 n previous chapt\n-00048a10: 6572 2074 6865 2073 7570 706f 7274 206d er the support m\n-00048a20: 6174 7269 7820 6973 2070 7265 7474 7920 atrix is pretty \n-00048a30: 6269 670a 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 6620 big.and some of \n-00048a40: 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f the configuratio\n-00048a50: 6e73 2061 7265 206f 6e6c 7920 7261 7265 ns are only rare\n-00048a60: 6c79 2075 7365 642e 2020 546f 2065 6e73 ly used. To ens\n-00048a70: 7572 6520 7468 650a 7175 616c 6974 7920 ure the.quality \n-00048a80: 626f 6f74 6368 6563 6b73 2061 7265 2061 bootchecks are a\n-00048a90: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c vailable for all\n-00048aa0: 2078 3836 2074 6172 6765 7473 2065 7863 x86 targets exc\n-00048ab0: 6570 7420 4546 490a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ept EFI.chainloa\n-00048ac0: 6465 722c 2041 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 der, Appleloader\n-00048ad0: 2061 6e64 2058 4e55 2e20 416c 6c20 7838 and XNU. All x8\n-00048ae0: 3620 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 6 platforms have\n-00048af0: 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 636b 0a66 6163 696c bootcheck.facil\n-00048b00: 6974 7920 6578 6365 7074 2069 6565 6531 ity except ieee1\n-00048b10: 3237 352e 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 275. Multiboot,\n-00048b20: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 322c 2042 494f multiboot2, BIO\n-00048b30: 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 0a6e S chainloader,.n\n-00048b40: 746c 6472 2061 6e64 2066 7265 6562 7364 tldr and freebsd\n-00048b50: 2d62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 626f 6f74 -bootloader boot\n-00048b60: 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 7265 2074 6573 targets are tes\n-00048b70: 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6974 6820 6120 ted only with a \n-00048b80: 6661 6b65 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 fake.kernel imag\n-00048b90: 6573 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 7820 es. Only Linux \n-00048ba0: 6973 2074 6573 7465 6420 616d 6f6e 6720 is tested among \n-00048bb0: 7468 6520 7061 796c 6f61 6473 2075 7369 the payloads usi\n-00048bc0: 6e67 204c 696e 7578 0a70 726f 746f 636f ng Linux.protoco\n-00048bd0: 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 6c6c 6f77 696e ls... Followin\n-00048be0: 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d75 7374 g variables must\n-00048bf0: 2062 6520 6465 6669 6e65 643a 0a0a 4752 be defined:..GR\n-00048c00: 5542 5f50 4159 4c4f 4144 535f 4449 5220 UB_PAYLOADS_DIR \n-00048c10: 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 directory c\n-00048c20: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 ontaining the re\n-00048c30: 7175 6972 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 0a47 quired kernels.G\n-00048c40: 5255 425f 4342 4653 544f 4f4c 2020 2020 RUB_CBFSTOOL \n-00048c50: 2020 2020 2020 6362 6673 746f 6f6c 2066 cbfstool f\n-00048c60: 726f 6d20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6163 rom Coreboot pac\n-00048c70: 6b61 6765 2028 666f 7220 636f 7265 626f kage (for corebo\n-00048c80: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot. \n-00048c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f platfo\n-00048ca0: 726d 206f 6e6c 7929 0a47 5255 425f 434f rm only).GRUB_CO\n-00048cb0: 5245 424f 4f54 5f52 4f4d 2020 2020 2020 REBOOT_ROM \n-00048cc0: 656d 7074 7920 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2052 empty Coreboot R\n-00048cd0: 4f4d 0a47 5255 425f 5145 4d55 5f4f 5054 OM.GRUB_QEMU_OPT\n-00048ce0: 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6164 6469 7469 S additi\n-00048cf0: 6f6e 616c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 onal options to \n-00048d00: 6265 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 746f 2051 be supplied to Q\n-00048d10: 454d 550a 0a20 2020 5265 7175 6972 6564 EMU.. Required\n-00048d20: 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 3a0a 0a6b 6672 files are:..kfr\n-00048d30: 6565 6273 645f 656e 762e 6933 3836 2020 eebsd_env.i386 \n-00048d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 32-bi\n-00048d50: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2064 6576 6963 t kFreeBSD devic\n-00048d60: 6520 6869 6e74 730a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 e hints.kfreebsd\n-00048d70: 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .i386 \n-00048d80: 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 2046 7265 32-bit Fre\n-00048d90: 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 eBSD kernel imag\n-00048da0: 650a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 e.kfreebsd.x86_6\n-00048db0: 342c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4, \n-00048dc0: 7361 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 same from 64-bit\n-00048dd0: 206b 4672 6565 4253 440a 6b66 7265 6562 kFreeBSD.kfreeb\n-00048de0: 7364 5f65 6e76 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6e sd_env.x86_64.kn\n-00048df0: 6574 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 etbsd.i386 \n-00048e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 32-b\n-00048e10: 6974 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c it NetBSD kernel\n-00048e20: 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e6d image.knetbsd.m\n-00048e30: 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6933 3836 2020 2020 iniroot.i386 \n-00048e40: 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 32-bit kNet\n-00048e50: 4253 4420 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f BSD miniroot.kmo\n-00048e60: 642e 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 d..knetbsd.x86_6\n-00048e70: 342c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4, \n-00048e80: 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 same from 64-bi\n-00048e90: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 440a 6b6e 6574 6273 t kNetBSD.knetbs\n-00048ea0: 642e 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e78 3836 5f36 d.miniroot.x86_6\n-00048eb0: 340a 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 2e69 3338 3620 4.kopenbsd.i386 \n-00048ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048ed0: 3332 2d62 6974 204f 7065 6e42 5344 206b 32-bit OpenBSD k\n-00048ee0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6273 642e 7264 2069 6d61 ernel bsd.rd ima\n-00048ef0: 6765 0a6b 6f70 656e 6273 642e 7838 365f ge.kopenbsd.x86_\n-00048f00: 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 64 \n-00048f10: 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 same from 64-bi\n-00048f20: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 0a6c 696e 7578 t kOpenBSD.linux\n-00048f30: 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .i386 \n-00048f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 32-bit \n-00048f50: 4c69 6e75 780a 6c69 6e75 782e 7838 365f Linux.linux.x86_\n-00048f60: 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 64 \n-00048f70: 2020 2020 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 64-bit Linux\n-00048f80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00048f90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 nfo, Node: Trou\n-00048fa0: 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 bleshooting, Ne\n-00048fb0: 7874 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 xt: User-space u\n-00048fc0: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a tilities, Prev:\n-00048fd0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 Supported kerne\n-00048fe0: 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3233 ls, Up: Top..23\n-00048ff0: 2045 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 7320 Error messages \n-00049000: 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 produced by GRUB\n-00049010: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 ?.64-bit \n+000487b0: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+000487c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n+000487d0: 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 32-bit EFI chain\n+000487e0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+000487f0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 no (2).64-b\n+00048800: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n+00048810: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+00048820: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 no (2).Appleloa\n+00048830: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n+00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00048850: 2832 290a 0a20 2031 2e20 5265 7175 6972 (2).. 1. Requir\n+00048860: 6573 2042 494f 530a 2020 322e 2045 4649 es BIOS. 2. EFI\n+00048870: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 332e 2033 322d 6269 only. 3. 32-bi\n+00048880: 7420 616e 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 t and 64-bit EFI\n+00048890: 2068 6176 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 have different \n+000488a0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2061 6e64 2077 structures and w\n+000488b0: 6f72 6b20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 ork in. diff\n+000488c0: 6572 656e 7420 4350 5520 6d6f 6465 7320 erent CPU modes \n+000488d0: 736f 2069 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 so it's not poss\n+000488e0: 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ible to chainloa\n+000488f0: 6420 3332 2d62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 626f d 32-bit. bo\n+00048900: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 3634 2d62 otloader on 64-b\n+00048910: 6974 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 616e 6420 it platform and \n+00048920: 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 0a20 2034 2e20 vice-versa. 4. \n+00048930: 536f 6d65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 Some modules may\n+00048940: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 need to be disa\n+00048950: 626c 6564 0a20 2035 2e20 5265 7175 6972 bled. 5. Requir\n+00048960: 6573 2041 4350 490a 0a20 2020 506f 7765 es ACPI.. Powe\n+00048970: 7250 432c 2049 4136 3420 616e 6420 5370 rPC, IA64 and Sp\n+00048980: 6172 6336 3420 706f 7274 7320 7375 7070 arc64 ports supp\n+00048990: 6f72 7420 6f6e 6c79 204c 696e 7578 2e20 ort only Linux. \n+000489a0: 204d 4950 5320 706f 7274 0a73 7570 706f MIPS port.suppo\n+000489b0: 7274 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 616e 6420 6d75 rts Linux and mu\n+000489c0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2e0a 0a32 322e 3120 ltiboot2...22.1 \n+000489d0: 426f 6f74 2074 6573 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d Boot tests.=====\n+000489e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4173 2079 ==========..As y\n+000489f0: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7365 656e 2069 6e20 ou have seen in \n+00048a00: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2063 6861 7074 6572 previous chapter\n+00048a10: 2074 6865 2073 7570 706f 7274 206d 6174 the support mat\n+00048a20: 7269 7820 6973 2070 7265 7474 7920 6269 rix is pretty bi\n+00048a30: 670a 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 g.and some of th\n+00048a40: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 e configurations\n+00048a50: 2061 7265 206f 6e6c 7920 7261 7265 6c79 are only rarely\n+00048a60: 2075 7365 642e 2020 546f 2065 6e73 7572 used. To ensur\n+00048a70: 6520 7468 650a 7175 616c 6974 7920 626f e the.quality bo\n+00048a80: 6f74 6368 6563 6b73 2061 7265 2061 7661 otchecks are ava\n+00048a90: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2078 ilable for all x\n+00048aa0: 3836 2074 6172 6765 7473 2065 7863 6570 86 targets excep\n+00048ab0: 7420 4546 490a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI.chainloade\n+00048ac0: 722c 2041 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 r, Appleloader a\n+00048ad0: 6e64 2058 4e55 2e20 416c 6c20 7838 3620 nd XNU. All x86 \n+00048ae0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2062 platforms have b\n+00048af0: 6f6f 7463 6865 636b 0a66 6163 696c 6974 ootcheck.facilit\n+00048b00: 7920 6578 6365 7074 2069 6565 6531 3237 y except ieee127\n+00048b10: 352e 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 5. Multiboot, m\n+00048b20: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 322c 2042 494f 5320 ultiboot2, BIOS \n+00048b30: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 0a6e 746c chainloader,.ntl\n+00048b40: 6472 2061 6e64 2066 7265 6562 7364 2d62 dr and freebsd-b\n+00048b50: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 626f 6f74 2074 ootloader boot t\n+00048b60: 6172 6765 7473 2061 7265 2074 6573 7465 argets are teste\n+00048b70: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6974 6820 6120 6661 d only with a fa\n+00048b80: 6b65 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6573 ke.kernel images\n+00048b90: 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 7820 6973 . Only Linux is\n+00048ba0: 2074 6573 7465 6420 616d 6f6e 6720 7468 tested among th\n+00048bb0: 6520 7061 796c 6f61 6473 2075 7369 6e67 e payloads using\n+00048bc0: 204c 696e 7578 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c73 Linux.protocols\n+00048bd0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 ... Following \n+00048be0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d75 7374 2062 variables must b\n+00048bf0: 6520 6465 6669 6e65 643a 0a0a 4752 5542 e defined:..GRUB\n+00048c00: 5f50 4159 4c4f 4144 535f 4449 5220 2020 _PAYLOADS_DIR \n+00048c10: 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e directory con\n+00048c20: 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 taining the requ\n+00048c30: 6972 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 0a47 5255 ired kernels.GRU\n+00048c40: 425f 4342 4653 544f 4f4c 2020 2020 2020 B_CBFSTOOL \n+00048c50: 2020 2020 6362 6673 746f 6f6c 2066 726f cbfstool fro\n+00048c60: 6d20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6163 6b61 m Coreboot packa\n+00048c70: 6765 2028 666f 7220 636f 7265 626f 6f74 ge (for coreboot\n+00048c80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00048c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f 726d platform\n+00048ca0: 206f 6e6c 7929 0a47 5255 425f 434f 5245 only).GRUB_CORE\n+00048cb0: 424f 4f54 5f52 4f4d 2020 2020 2020 656d BOOT_ROM em\n+00048cc0: 7074 7920 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2052 4f4d pty Coreboot ROM\n+00048cd0: 0a47 5255 425f 5145 4d55 5f4f 5054 5320 .GRUB_QEMU_OPTS \n+00048ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6164 6469 7469 6f6e addition\n+00048cf0: 616c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6265 al options to be\n+00048d00: 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 746f 2051 454d supplied to QEM\n+00048d10: 550a 0a20 2020 5265 7175 6972 6564 2066 U.. Required f\n+00048d20: 696c 6573 2061 7265 3a0a 0a6b 6672 6565 iles are:..kfree\n+00048d30: 6273 645f 656e 762e 6933 3836 2020 2020 bsd_env.i386 \n+00048d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 32-bit \n+00048d50: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2064 6576 6963 6520 kFreeBSD device \n+00048d60: 6869 6e74 730a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e69 hints.kfreebsd.i\n+00048d70: 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 386 \n+00048d80: 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 2046 7265 6542 32-bit FreeB\n+00048d90: 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 650a SD kernel image.\n+00048da0: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c kfreebsd.x86_64,\n+00048db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 sa\n+00048dc0: 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b me from 64-bit k\n+00048dd0: 4672 6565 4253 440a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 FreeBSD.kfreebsd\n+00048de0: 5f65 6e76 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6e 6574 _env.x86_64.knet\n+00048df0: 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 bsd.i386 \n+00048e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 32-bit\n+00048e10: 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 NetBSD kernel i\n+00048e20: 6d61 6765 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e6d 696e mage.knetbsd.min\n+00048e30: 6972 6f6f 742e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 iroot.i386 \n+00048e40: 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 32-bit kNetBS\n+00048e50: 4420 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 642e D miniroot.kmod.\n+00048e60: 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c .knetbsd.x86_64,\n+00048e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00048e80: 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 ame from 64-bit \n+00048e90: 6b4e 6574 4253 440a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e kNetBSD.knetbsd.\n+00048ea0: 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e78 3836 5f36 340a miniroot.x86_64.\n+00048eb0: 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 kopenbsd.i386 \n+00048ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 32\n+00048ed0: 2d62 6974 204f 7065 6e42 5344 206b 6572 -bit OpenBSD ker\n+00048ee0: 6e65 6c20 6273 642e 7264 2069 6d61 6765 nel bsd.rd image\n+00048ef0: 0a6b 6f70 656e 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 .kopenbsd.x86_64\n+00048f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00048f10: 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 ame from 64-bit \n+00048f20: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 0a6c 696e 7578 2e69 kOpenBSD.linux.i\n+00048f30: 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 386 \n+00048f40: 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4c69 32-bit Li\n+00048f50: 6e75 780a 6c69 6e75 782e 7838 365f 3634 nux.linux.x86_64\n+00048f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048f70: 2020 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a0a 64-bit Linux..\n+00048f80: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00048f90: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c o, Node: Troubl\n+00048fa0: 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 eshooting, Next\n+00048fb0: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+00048fc0: 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 lities, Prev: S\n+00048fd0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 upported kernels\n+00048fe0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3233 2045 , Up: Top..23 E\n+00048ff0: 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 7320 7072 rror messages pr\n+00049000: 6f64 7563 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a2a oduced by GRUB.*\n+00049010: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00049020: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00049030: 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ***..* Menu:..* \n-00049040: 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 GRUB only offers\n-00049050: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c3a a rescue shell:\n-00049060: 3a0a 2a20 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 :.* Firmware sta\n-00049070: 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 lls instead of b\n-00049080: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a0a 0a1f ooting GRUB::...\n-00049090: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000490a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e , Node: GRUB on\n-000490b0: 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 ly offers a resc\n-000490c0: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a ue shell, Next:\n-000490d0: 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 Firmware stalls\n-000490e0: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 instead of boot\n-000490f0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ing GRUB, Up: T\n-00049100: 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a roubleshooting..\n-00049110: 3233 2e31 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 23.1 GRUB only o\n-00049120: 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 ffers a rescue s\n-00049130: 6865 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d hell.===========\n+00049030: 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4752 *..* Menu:..* GR\n+00049040: 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 UB only offers a\n+00049050: 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a0a rescue shell::.\n+00049060: 2a20 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c * Firmware stall\n+00049070: 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f s instead of boo\n+00049080: 7469 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 ting GRUB::....F\n+00049090: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000490a0: 204e 6f64 653a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 Node: GRUB only\n+000490b0: 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 offers a rescue\n+000490c0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 shell, Next: F\n+000490d0: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 irmware stalls i\n+000490e0: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e nstead of bootin\n+000490f0: 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 726f g GRUB, Up: Tro\n+00049100: 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 3233 ubleshooting..23\n+00049110: 2e31 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 .1 GRUB only off\n+00049120: 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 ers a rescue she\n+00049130: 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ll.=============\n 00049140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00049150: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 =========..GRUB'\n-00049160: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 2073 7461 7274 2d75 s normal start-u\n-00049170: 7020 7072 6f63 6564 7572 6520 696e 766f p procedure invo\n-00049180: 6c76 6573 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 lves setting the\n-00049190: 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 990a 656e ...prefix....en\n-000491a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-000491b0: 6c65 2074 6f20 6120 7661 6c75 6520 7365 le to a value se\n-000491c0: 7420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d t in the core im\n-000491d0: 6167 6520 6279 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 age by ...grub-i\n-000491e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 992c 0a73 6574 7469 nstall...,.setti\n-000491f0: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 ng the ...root..\n-00049200: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6d61 . variable to ma\n-00049210: 7463 682c 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6865 tch, loading the\n-00049220: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f ...normal... mo\n-00049230: 6475 6c65 2066 726f 6d0a 7468 6520 7072 dule from.the pr\n-00049240: 6566 6978 2c20 616e 6420 7275 6e6e 696e efix, and runnin\n-00049250: 6720 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 g the ...normal.\n-00049260: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n-00049270: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 e normal::). Th\n-00049280: 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7265 is.command is re\n-00049290: 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 7265 sponsible for re\n-000492a0: 6164 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 ading .../boot/g\n-000492b0: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c rub/grub.cfg...,\n-000492c0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 0a6d 656e running the.men\n-000492d0: 752c 2061 6e64 2064 6f69 6e67 2061 6c6c u, and doing all\n-000492e0: 2074 6865 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7468 696e the useful thin\n-000492f0: 6773 2047 5255 4220 6973 2073 7570 706f gs GRUB is suppo\n-00049300: 7365 6420 746f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 2020 2049 sed to do... I\n-00049310: 662c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 796f 7520 f, instead, you \n-00049320: 6f6e 6c79 2067 6574 2061 2072 6573 6375 only get a rescu\n-00049330: 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2074 6869 7320 7573 e shell, this us\n-00049340: 7561 6c6c 7920 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 ually means that\n-00049350: 0a47 5255 4220 6661 696c 6564 2074 6f20 .GRUB failed to \n-00049360: 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d load the ...norm\n-00049370: 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 al... module for\n-00049380: 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2e20 2049 some reason. I\n-00049390: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 0a70 6f73 7369 626c t may be.possibl\n-000493a0: 6520 746f 2077 6f72 6b20 6172 6f75 6e64 e to work around\n-000493b0: 2074 6869 7320 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 696c this temporaril\n-000493c0: 793a 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c y: for instance,\n-000493d0: 2069 6620 7468 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 0a66 if the reason.f\n-000493e0: 6f72 2074 6865 2066 6169 6c75 7265 2069 or the failure i\n-000493f0: 7320 7468 6174 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 s that ...prefix\n-00049400: e280 9920 6973 2077 726f 6e67 2028 7065 ... is wrong (pe\n-00049410: 7268 6170 7320 6974 2072 6566 6572 7320 rhaps it refers \n-00049420: 746f 2074 6865 0a77 726f 6e67 2064 6576 to the.wrong dev\n-00049430: 6963 652c 206f 7220 7065 7268 6170 7320 ice, or perhaps \n-00049440: 7468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 e280 982f the path to .../\n-00049450: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2077 6173 boot/grub... was\n-00049460: 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 206d not correctly m\n-00049470: 6164 650a 7265 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 ade.relative to \n-00049480: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 292c 2074 6865 the device), the\n-00049490: 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 7272 6563 n you can correc\n-000494a0: 7420 7468 6973 2061 6e64 2065 6e74 6572 t this and enter\n-000494b0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a6d 616e normal mode.man\n-000494c0: 7561 6c6c 793a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2049 ually:.. # I\n-000494d0: 6e73 7065 6374 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 nspect the curre\n-000494e0: 6e74 2070 7265 6669 7820 2861 6e64 206f nt prefix (and o\n-000494f0: 7468 6572 2070 7265 7365 7420 7661 7269 ther preset vari\n-00049500: 6162 6c65 7329 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 ables):. set\n-00049510: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4669 6e64 206f 7574 . # Find out\n-00049520: 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2061 which devices a\n-00049530: 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 2020 re available:. \n-00049540: 2020 206c 730a 2020 2020 2023 2053 6574 ls. # Set\n-00049550: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 to the correct \n-00049560: 7661 6c75 652c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6967 value, which mig\n-00049570: 6874 2062 6520 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 ht be something \n-00049580: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a20 2020 2020 like this:. \n-00049590: 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 6864 302c set prefix=(hd0,\n-000495a0: 3129 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2073 6574 1)/grub. set\n-000495b0: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 root=(hd0,1). \n-000495c0: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e6f 726d 616c insmod normal\n-000495d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 0a0a 2020 . normal.. \n-000495e0: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 616e 7920 7072 However, any pr\n-000495f0: 6f62 6c65 6d20 7468 6174 206c 6561 7665 oblem that leave\n-00049600: 7320 796f 7520 696e 2074 6865 2072 6573 s you in the res\n-00049610: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 cue shell probab\n-00049620: 6c79 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 ly.means that GR\n-00049630: 5542 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 UB was not corre\n-00049640: 6374 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e20 ctly installed. \n-00049650: 2049 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206d 6f72 6520 It may be more \n-00049660: 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f0a 7472 7920 746f useful to.try to\n-00049670: 2072 6569 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 7420 7072 reinstall it pr\n-00049680: 6f70 6572 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 operly using ...\n-00049690: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2044 4556 grub-install DEV\n-000496a0: 4943 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e ICE... (*note In\n-000496b0: 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking.grub-inst\n-000496c0: 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 646f all::). When do\n-000496d0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6572 6520 ing this, there \n-000496e0: 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7468 696e 6773 are a few things\n-000496f0: 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 3a0a 0a20 to remember:.. \n-00049700: 2020 e280 a220 4472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 ... Drive orde\n-00049710: 7269 6e67 2069 6e20 796f 7572 206f 7065 ring in your ope\n-00049720: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6d61 rating system ma\n-00049730: 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2074 6865 2073 616d y not be the sam\n-00049740: 6520 6173 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626f e as the. bo\n-00049750: 6f74 2064 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e ot drive orderin\n-00049760: 6720 7573 6564 2062 7920 796f 7572 2066 g used by your f\n-00049770: 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 446f 206e 6f74 irmware. Do not\n-00049780: 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 assume that you\n-00049790: 720a 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 r. first har\n-000497a0: 6420 6472 6976 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 d drive (e.g. .\n-000497b0: 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 9929 2069 ../dev/sda...) i\n-000497c0: 7320 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 7468 6174 2079 s the one that y\n-000497d0: 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a20 2020 our firmware. \n-000497e0: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d will boot from\n-000497f0: 2e20 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 . ...device.map\n-00049800: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 ... (*note Devic\n-00049810: 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2063 616e 2062 6520 e map::) can be \n-00049820: 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206f 7665 used to. ove\n-00049830: 7272 6964 6520 7468 6973 2c20 6275 7420 rride this, but \n-00049840: 6974 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 it is usually be\n-00049850: 7474 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5555 4944 tter to use UUID\n-00049860: 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d s or file system\n-00049870: 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 6265 6c73 2061 6e64 . labels and\n-00049880: 2061 766f 6964 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 avoid depending\n-00049890: 206f 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 on drive orderi\n-000498a0: 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 ng entirely... \n-000498b0: 20e2 80a2 2041 7420 6c65 6173 7420 6f6e ... At least on\n-000498c0: 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 BIOS systems, i\n-000498d0: 6620 796f 7520 7465 6c6c 20e2 8098 6772 f you tell ...gr\n-000498e0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 746f ub-install... to\n-000498f0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 4752 install. GR\n-00049900: 5542 2074 6f20 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f UB to a partitio\n-00049910: 6e20 6275 7420 4752 5542 2068 6173 2061 n but GRUB has a\n-00049920: 6c72 6561 6479 2062 6565 6e20 696e 7374 lready been inst\n-00049930: 616c 6c65 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 alled in the. \n-00049940: 2020 6d61 7374 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 7265 master boot re\n-00049950: 636f 7264 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 cord, then the G\n-00049960: 5255 4220 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e RUB installation\n-00049970: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f in the partitio\n-00049980: 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 n. will be i\n-00049990: 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 gnored... ... \n-000499a0: 4966 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c 2069 7420 If possible, it \n-000499b0: 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 2062 6573 is generally bes\n-000499c0: 7420 746f 2061 766f 6964 2069 6e73 7461 t to avoid insta\n-000499d0: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2074 6f20 610a lling GRUB to a.\n-000499e0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 partition (\n-000499f0: 756e 6c65 7373 2069 7420 6973 2061 2073 unless it is a s\n-00049a00: 7065 6369 616c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e pecial partition\n-00049a10: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2075 7365 206f 6620 for the use of \n-00049a20: 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6f6e 652c GRUB. alone,\n-00049a30: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2042 494f such as the BIO\n-00049a40: 5320 426f 6f74 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e S Boot Partition\n-00049a50: 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2047 5054 292e 2044 used on GPT). D\n-00049a60: 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 206d oing this. m\n-00049a70: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 206d eans that GRUB m\n-00049a80: 6179 2073 746f 7020 6265 696e 6720 6162 ay stop being ab\n-00049a90: 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2069 7473 2063 le to read its c\n-00049aa0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6475 6520 746f ore image due to\n-00049ab0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 a. file sys\n-00049ac0: 7465 6d20 6d6f 7669 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b tem moving block\n-00049ad0: 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 2061 s around, such a\n-00049ae0: 7320 7768 696c 6520 6465 6672 6167 6d65 s while defragme\n-00049af0: 6e74 696e 672c 0a20 2020 2020 7275 6e6e nting,. runn\n-00049b00: 696e 6720 6368 6563 6b73 2c20 6f72 2065 ing checks, or e\n-00049b10: 7665 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 ven during norma\n-00049b20: 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 496e l operation. In\n-00049b30: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 650a stalling to the.\n-00049b40: 2020 2020 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 6b20 whole disk \n-00049b50: 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c device is normal\n-00049b60: 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 726f 6275 7374 2e0a ly more robust..\n-00049b70: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4368 6563 6b20 7468 . ... Check th\n-00049b80: 6174 2047 5255 4220 6163 7475 616c 6c79 at GRUB actually\n-00049b90: 206b 6e6f 7773 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 knows how to re\n-00049ba0: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6465 7669 ad from the devi\n-00049bb0: 6365 2061 6e64 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 ce and file. \n-00049bc0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 system containi\n-00049bd0: 6e67 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ng .../boot/grub\n-00049be0: e280 992e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f .... It will no\n-00049bf0: 7420 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 t be able to rea\n-00049c00: 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 d from. encr\n-00049c10: 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 ypted devices wi\n-00049c20: 7468 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2065 th unsupported e\n-00049c30: 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 ncryption scheme\n-00049c40: 2c20 6e6f 7220 6672 6f6d 2066 696c 650a , nor from file.\n-00049c50: 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2066 6f72 systems for\n-00049c60: 2077 6869 6368 2073 7570 706f 7274 2068 which support h\n-00049c70: 6173 206e 6f74 2079 6574 2062 6565 6e20 as not yet been \n-00049c80: 6164 6465 6420 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a added to GRUB...\n+00049150: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 7320 =======..GRUB's \n+00049160: 6e6f 726d 616c 2073 7461 7274 2d75 7020 normal start-up \n+00049170: 7072 6f63 6564 7572 6520 696e 766f 6c76 procedure involv\n+00049180: 6573 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 es setting the .\n+00049190: 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 990a 656e 7669 ..prefix....envi\n+000491a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+000491b0: 2074 6f20 6120 7661 6c75 6520 7365 7420 to a value set \n+000491c0: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 in the core imag\n+000491d0: 6520 6279 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 e by ...grub-ins\n+000491e0: 7461 6c6c e280 992c 0a73 6574 7469 6e67 tall...,.setting\n+000491f0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 the ...root... \n+00049200: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6d61 7463 variable to matc\n+00049210: 682c 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 h, loading the .\n+00049220: 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 ..normal... modu\n+00049230: 6c65 2066 726f 6d0a 7468 6520 7072 6566 le from.the pref\n+00049240: 6978 2c20 616e 6420 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 ix, and running \n+00049250: 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 the ...normal...\n+00049260: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n+00049270: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 normal::). This\n+00049280: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7265 7370 .command is resp\n+00049290: 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 onsible for read\n+000492a0: 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ing .../boot/gru\n+000492b0: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2072 b/grub.cfg..., r\n+000492c0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 0a6d 656e 752c unning the.menu,\n+000492d0: 2061 6e64 2064 6f69 6e67 2061 6c6c 2074 and doing all t\n+000492e0: 6865 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7468 696e 6773 he useful things\n+000492f0: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2073 7570 706f 7365 GRUB is suppose\n+00049300: 6420 746f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 2020 2049 662c d to do... If,\n+00049310: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 796f 7520 6f6e instead, you on\n+00049320: 6c79 2067 6574 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 ly get a rescue \n+00049330: 7368 656c 6c2c 2074 6869 7320 7573 7561 shell, this usua\n+00049340: 6c6c 7920 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a47 lly means that.G\n+00049350: 5255 4220 6661 696c 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f RUB failed to lo\n+00049360: 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c ad the ...normal\n+00049370: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 ... module for s\n+00049380: 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 ome reason. It \n+00049390: 6d61 7920 6265 0a70 6f73 7369 626c 6520 may be.possible \n+000493a0: 746f 2077 6f72 6b20 6172 6f75 6e64 2074 to work around t\n+000493b0: 6869 7320 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 696c 793a his temporarily:\n+000493c0: 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2069 for instance, i\n+000493d0: 6620 7468 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 0a66 6f72 f the reason.for\n+000493e0: 2074 6865 2066 6169 6c75 7265 2069 7320 the failure is \n+000493f0: 7468 6174 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 that ...prefix..\n+00049400: 9920 6973 2077 726f 6e67 2028 7065 7268 . is wrong (perh\n+00049410: 6170 7320 6974 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f aps it refers to\n+00049420: 2074 6865 0a77 726f 6e67 2064 6576 6963 the.wrong devic\n+00049430: 652c 206f 7220 7065 7268 6170 7320 7468 e, or perhaps th\n+00049440: 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 e280 982f 626f e path to .../bo\n+00049450: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2077 6173 206e ot/grub... was n\n+00049460: 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 206d 6164 ot correctly mad\n+00049470: 650a 7265 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 e.relative to th\n+00049480: 6520 6465 7669 6365 292c 2074 6865 6e20 e device), then \n+00049490: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 7272 6563 7420 you can correct \n+000494a0: 7468 6973 2061 6e64 2065 6e74 6572 206e this and enter n\n+000494b0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a6d 616e 7561 ormal mode.manua\n+000494c0: 6c6c 793a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2049 6e73 lly:.. # Ins\n+000494d0: 7065 6374 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 pect the current\n+000494e0: 2070 7265 6669 7820 2861 6e64 206f 7468 prefix (and oth\n+000494f0: 6572 2070 7265 7365 7420 7661 7269 6162 er preset variab\n+00049500: 6c65 7329 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 0a20 les):. set. \n+00049510: 2020 2020 2320 4669 6e64 206f 7574 2077 # Find out w\n+00049520: 6869 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2061 7265 hich devices are\n+00049530: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 available:. \n+00049540: 206c 730a 2020 2020 2023 2053 6574 2074 ls. # Set t\n+00049550: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 7661 o the correct va\n+00049560: 6c75 652c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6967 6874 lue, which might\n+00049570: 2062 6520 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 be something li\n+00049580: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 ke this:. se\n+00049590: 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 6864 302c 3129 t prefix=(hd0,1)\n+000495a0: 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 /grub. set r\n+000495b0: 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 oot=(hd0,1). \n+000495c0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e6f 726d 616c 0a20 insmod normal. \n+000495d0: 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 0a0a 2020 2048 normal.. H\n+000495e0: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 616e 7920 7072 6f62 owever, any prob\n+000495f0: 6c65 6d20 7468 6174 206c 6561 7665 7320 lem that leaves \n+00049600: 796f 7520 696e 2074 6865 2072 6573 6375 you in the rescu\n+00049610: 6520 7368 656c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 e shell probably\n+00049620: 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 .means that GRUB\n+00049630: 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 6374 was not correct\n+00049640: 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e20 2049 ly installed. I\n+00049650: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206d 6f72 6520 7573 t may be more us\n+00049660: 6566 756c 2074 6f0a 7472 7920 746f 2072 eful to.try to r\n+00049670: 6569 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 7420 7072 6f70 einstall it prop\n+00049680: 6572 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 erly using ...gr\n+00049690: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2044 4556 4943 ub-install DEVIC\n+000496a0: 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f E... (*note Invo\n+000496b0: 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c king.grub-instal\n+000496c0: 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 646f 696e l::). When doin\n+000496d0: 6720 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 g this, there ar\n+000496e0: 6520 6120 6665 7720 7468 696e 6773 2074 e a few things t\n+000496f0: 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 3a0a 0a20 2020 o remember:.. \n+00049700: e280 a220 4472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 ... Drive orderi\n+00049710: 6e67 2069 6e20 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 ng in your opera\n+00049720: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6d61 7920 ting system may \n+00049730: 6e6f 7420 6265 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 not be the same \n+00049740: 6173 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 as the. boot\n+00049750: 2064 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 drive ordering \n+00049760: 7573 6564 2062 7920 796f 7572 2066 6972 used by your fir\n+00049770: 6d77 6172 652e 2020 446f 206e 6f74 2061 mware. Do not a\n+00049780: 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 720a ssume that your.\n+00049790: 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 first hard \n+000497a0: 6472 6976 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 drive (e.g. ...\n+000497b0: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 9929 2069 7320 /dev/sda...) is \n+000497c0: 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 the one that you\n+000497d0: 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 r firmware. \n+000497e0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2e20 will boot from. \n+000497f0: 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 ...device.map..\n+00049800: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 6520 . (*note Device \n+00049810: 6d61 703a 3a29 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 map::) can be us\n+00049820: 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206f 7665 7272 ed to. overr\n+00049830: 6964 6520 7468 6973 2c20 6275 7420 6974 ide this, but it\n+00049840: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 7474 is usually bett\n+00049850: 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5555 4944 7320 er to use UUIDs \n+00049860: 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 or file system. \n+00049870: 2020 2020 6c61 6265 6c73 2061 6e64 2061 labels and a\n+00049880: 766f 6964 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f void depending o\n+00049890: 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 n drive ordering\n+000498a0: 2065 6e74 6972 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 20e2 entirely... .\n+000498b0: 80a2 2041 7420 6c65 6173 7420 6f6e 2042 .. At least on B\n+000498c0: 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 6620 IOS systems, if \n+000498d0: 796f 7520 7465 6c6c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 you tell ...grub\n+000498e0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 746f 2069 -install... to i\n+000498f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 nstall. GRUB\n+00049900: 2074 6f20 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 to a partition \n+00049910: 6275 7420 4752 5542 2068 6173 2061 6c72 but GRUB has alr\n+00049920: 6561 6479 2062 6565 6e20 696e 7374 616c eady been instal\n+00049930: 6c65 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 led in the. \n+00049940: 6d61 7374 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 7265 636f master boot reco\n+00049950: 7264 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 rd, then the GRU\n+00049960: 4220 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2069 B installation i\n+00049970: 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a n the partition.\n+00049980: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 676e will be ign\n+00049990: 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4966 ored... ... If\n+000499a0: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c 2069 7420 6973 possible, it is\n+000499b0: 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 2062 6573 7420 generally best \n+000499c0: 746f 2061 766f 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c to avoid install\n+000499d0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2074 6f20 610a 2020 ing GRUB to a. \n+000499e0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 756e partition (un\n+000499f0: 6c65 7373 2069 7420 6973 2061 2073 7065 less it is a spe\n+00049a00: 6369 616c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 cial partition f\n+00049a10: 6f72 2074 6865 2075 7365 206f 6620 4752 or the use of GR\n+00049a20: 5542 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6f6e 652c 2073 UB. alone, s\n+00049a30: 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 uch as the BIOS \n+00049a40: 426f 6f74 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2075 Boot Partition u\n+00049a50: 7365 6420 6f6e 2047 5054 292e 2044 6f69 sed on GPT). Doi\n+00049a60: 6e67 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 206d 6561 ng this. mea\n+00049a70: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 206d 6179 ns that GRUB may\n+00049a80: 2073 746f 7020 6265 696e 6720 6162 6c65 stop being able\n+00049a90: 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2069 7473 2063 6f72 to read its cor\n+00049aa0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6475 6520 746f 2061 e image due to a\n+00049ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 . file syste\n+00049ac0: 6d20 6d6f 7669 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 m moving blocks \n+00049ad0: 6172 6f75 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 around, such as \n+00049ae0: 7768 696c 6520 6465 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 while defragment\n+00049af0: 696e 672c 0a20 2020 2020 7275 6e6e 696e ing,. runnin\n+00049b00: 6720 6368 6563 6b73 2c20 6f72 2065 7665 g checks, or eve\n+00049b10: 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 n during normal \n+00049b20: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 496e 7374 operation. Inst\n+00049b30: 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 alling to the. \n+00049b40: 2020 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 6b20 6465 whole disk de\n+00049b50: 7669 6365 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 vice is normally\n+00049b60: 206d 6f72 6520 726f 6275 7374 2e0a 0a20 more robust... \n+00049b70: 2020 e280 a220 4368 6563 6b20 7468 6174 ... Check that\n+00049b80: 2047 5255 4220 6163 7475 616c 6c79 206b GRUB actually k\n+00049b90: 6e6f 7773 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 6164 nows how to read\n+00049ba0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 from the device\n+00049bb0: 2061 6e64 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2073 and file. s\n+00049bc0: 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 ystem containing\n+00049bd0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .../boot/grub..\n+00049be0: 992e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 .. It will not \n+00049bf0: 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 be able to read \n+00049c00: 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 from. encryp\n+00049c10: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 7468 ted devices with\n+00049c20: 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2065 6e63 unsupported enc\n+00049c30: 7279 7074 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 ryption scheme, \n+00049c40: 6e6f 7220 6672 6f6d 2066 696c 650a 2020 nor from file. \n+00049c50: 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2066 6f72 2077 systems for w\n+00049c60: 6869 6368 2073 7570 706f 7274 2068 6173 hich support has\n+00049c70: 206e 6f74 2079 6574 2062 6565 6e20 6164 not yet been ad\n+00049c80: 6465 6420 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a ded to GRUB...\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-2", "source2": "grub.info-2", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3175 +1,3175 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 312e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7.1.1 from grub.\n 00000040: 7465 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 texi...This manu\n 00000050: 616c 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 al is for GNU GR\n 00000060: 5542 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 UB (version 2.12\n-00000070: 2c20 3520 4465 6365 6d62 6572 2032 3032 , 5 December 202\n-00000080: 3429 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 4)... 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Make a \n-00000390: 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 GRUB rescue imag\n-000003a0: 650a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 e.* grub-mount: \n-000003b0: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n-000003c0: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 rub-mount. \n-000003d0: 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 Mount a file s\n-000003e0: 7973 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 ystem using GRUB\n-000003f0: 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 .* grub-probe: (\n-00000400: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n-00000410: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ub-probe. \n-00000420: 2050 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e Probe device in\n-00000430: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 formation.* grub\n-00000440: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 -script-check: (\n-00000450: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n-00000460: 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e ub-script-check.\n-00000470: 0a45 4e44 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e .END-INFO-DIR-EN\n-00000480: 5452 590a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 TRY....File: gru\n-00000490: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 b.info, Node: F\n-000004a0: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 irmware stalls i\n-000004b0: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e nstead of bootin\n-000004c0: 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 g GRUB, Prev: G\n-000004d0: 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 RUB only offers \n-000004e0: 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 a rescue shell, \n-000004f0: 2055 703a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f Up: Troubleshoo\n-00000500: 7469 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 ting..23.2 Firmw\n-00000510: 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 are stalls inste\n-00000520: 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 ad of booting GR\n-00000530: 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d UB.=============\n+00000070: 2c20 3720 4a61 6e75 6172 7920 3230 3236 , 7 January 2026\n+00000080: 292e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 )... Copyright\n+00000090: 20c2 a90a 3139 3939 2c32 3030 302c 3230 ...1999,2000,20\n+000000a0: 3031 2c32 3030 322c 3230 3034 2c32 3030 01,2002,2004,200\n+000000b0: 362c 3230 3038 2c32 3030 392c 3230 3130 6,2008,2009,2010\n+000000c0: 2c32 3031 312c 3230 3132 2c32 3031 3320 ,2011,2012,2013 \n+000000d0: 4672 6565 0a53 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f Free.Software Fo\n+000000e0: 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e 0a0a undation, Inc...\n+000000f0: 2020 2020 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 Permission \n+00000100: 6973 2067 7261 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 636f is granted to co\n+00000110: 7079 2c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2061 py, distribute a\n+00000120: 6e64 2f6f 7220 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6869 nd/or modify thi\n+00000130: 730a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 s. document \n+00000140: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 under the terms \n+00000150: 6f66 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 of the GNU Free \n+00000160: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 Documentation Li\n+00000170: 6365 6e73 652c 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7273 cense,. Vers\n+00000180: 696f 6e20 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c ion 1.2 or any l\n+00000190: 6174 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 ater version pub\n+000001a0: 6c69 7368 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 lished by the Fr\n+000001b0: 6565 2053 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 ee Software. \n+000001c0: 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 Foundation; wit\n+000001d0: 6820 6e6f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 h no Invariant S\n+000001e0: 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 ections..INFO-DI\n+000001f0: 522d 5345 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c R-SECTION Kernel\n+00000200: 0a53 5441 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d .START-INFO-DIR-\n+00000210: 454e 5452 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 ENTRY.* GRUB: (g\n+00000220: 7275 6229 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rub). \n+00000230: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 The GRand \n+00000240: 556e 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 Unified Bootload\n+00000250: 6572 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c er.* grub-instal\n+00000260: 6c3a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e l: (grub)Invokin\n+00000270: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 g grub-install. \n+00000280: 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 Install GRUB \n+00000290: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 on your drive.* \n+000002a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 grub-mkconfig: (\n+000002b0: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+000002c0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 ub-mkconfig. Ge\n+000002d0: 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 nerate GRUB conf\n+000002e0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 iguration.* grub\n+000002f0: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n+00000300: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n+00000310: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n+00000320: 626b 6466 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b bkdf2..* grub-mk\n+00000330: 7265 6c70 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 2949 relpath: (grub)I\n+00000340: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00000350: 656c 7061 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d elpath..* grub-m\n+00000360: 6b72 6573 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 krescue: (grub)I\n+00000370: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00000380: 6573 6375 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 escue. Make a G\n+00000390: 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 RUB rescue image\n+000003a0: 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 .* grub-mount: (\n+000003b0: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+000003c0: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ub-mount. \n+000003d0: 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 Mount a file sy\n+000003e0: 7374 656d 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a stem using GRUB.\n+000003f0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 * grub-probe: (g\n+00000400: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000410: 622d 7072 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 b-probe. \n+00000420: 5072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 Probe device inf\n+00000430: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d ormation.* grub-\n+00000440: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 script-check: (g\n+00000450: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000460: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a b-script-check..\n+00000470: 454e 442d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 END-INFO-DIR-ENT\n+00000480: 5259 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 RY....File: grub\n+00000490: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 .info, Node: Fi\n+000004a0: 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e rmware stalls in\n+000004b0: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 stead of booting\n+000004c0: 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4752 GRUB, Prev: GR\n+000004d0: 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 UB only offers a\n+000004e0: 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 rescue shell, \n+000004f0: 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 Up: Troubleshoot\n+00000500: 696e 670a 0a32 332e 3220 4669 726d 7761 ing..23.2 Firmwa\n+00000510: 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 re stalls instea\n+00000520: 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 d of booting GRU\n+00000530: 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d B.==============\n 00000540: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00000560: 0a54 6865 2045 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 .The EFI impleme\n-00000570: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 ntation of some \n-00000580: 6f6c 6465 7220 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 older MacBook la\n-00000590: 7074 6f70 7320 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 ptops stalls whe\n-000005a0: 6e20 6974 2067 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e n it gets.presen\n-000005b0: 7465 6420 6120 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 ted a grub-mkres\n-000005c0: 6375 6520 4953 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f cue ISO image fo\n-000005d0: 7220 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 r x86_64-efi tar\n-000005e0: 6765 7420 6f6e 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 get on an USB.st\n-000005f0: 6963 6b2e 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 ick. Affected a\n-00000600: 7265 206d 6f64 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 re models of yea\n-00000610: 7220 3230 3130 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 r 2010 or earlie\n-00000620: 722e 2020 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 r. Workaround i\n-00000630: 7320 746f 0a7a 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 s to.zeroize the\n-00000640: 2062 7974 6573 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 bytes 446 to 46\n-00000650: 3120 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 1 of the EFI par\n-00000660: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 tition, where mf\n-00000670: 6f72 6d61 7420 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 ormat has put.a \n-00000680: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 partition table \n-00000690: 656e 7472 7920 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 entry which clai\n-000006a0: 6d73 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 ms partition sta\n-000006b0: 7274 2061 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 rt at block 0. \n-000006c0: 5468 6973 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c This.change will\n-000006d0: 206e 6f74 2068 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 not hamper boot\n-000006e0: 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 ability on other\n-000006f0: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 machines.....Fi\n-00000700: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00000710: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Node: User-space\n-00000720: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 204e 6578 utilities, Nex\n-00000730: 743a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 t: Obtaining and\n-00000740: 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 Building GRUB, \n-00000750: 2050 7265 763a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 Prev: Troublesh\n-00000760: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 ooting, Up: Top\n-00000770: 0a0a 3234 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 ..24 User-space \n-00000780: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a utilities.******\n+00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00000560: 5468 6520 4546 4920 696d 706c 656d 656e The EFI implemen\n+00000570: 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 736f 6d65 206f tation of some o\n+00000580: 6c64 6572 204d 6163 426f 6f6b 206c 6170 lder MacBook lap\n+00000590: 746f 7073 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 7768 656e tops stalls when\n+000005a0: 2069 7420 6765 7473 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 it gets.present\n+000005b0: 6564 2061 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 ed a grub-mkresc\n+000005c0: 7565 2049 534f 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 ue ISO image for\n+000005d0: 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 7461 7267 x86_64-efi targ\n+000005e0: 6574 206f 6e20 616e 2055 5342 0a73 7469 et on an USB.sti\n+000005f0: 636b 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 6172 ck. Affected ar\n+00000600: 6520 6d6f 6465 6c73 206f 6620 7965 6172 e models of year\n+00000610: 2032 3031 3020 6f72 2065 6172 6c69 6572 2010 or earlier\n+00000620: 2e20 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 6973 . Workaround is\n+00000630: 2074 6f0a 7a65 726f 697a 6520 7468 6520 to.zeroize the \n+00000640: 6279 7465 7320 3434 3620 746f 2034 3631 bytes 446 to 461\n+00000650: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4546 4920 7061 7274 of the EFI part\n+00000660: 6974 696f 6e2c 2077 6865 7265 206d 666f ition, where mfo\n+00000670: 726d 6174 2068 6173 2070 7574 0a61 2070 rmat has put.a p\n+00000680: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 artition table e\n+00000690: 6e74 7279 2077 6869 6368 2063 6c61 696d ntry which claim\n+000006a0: 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 s partition star\n+000006b0: 7420 6174 2062 6c6f 636b 2030 2e20 2054 t at block 0. T\n+000006c0: 6869 730a 6368 616e 6765 2077 696c 6c20 his.change will \n+000006d0: 6e6f 7420 6861 6d70 6572 2062 6f6f 7461 not hamper boota\n+000006e0: 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 bility on other \n+000006f0: 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c machines.....Fil\n+00000700: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00000710: 6f64 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 ode: User-space \n+00000720: 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 4e65 7874 utilities, Next\n+00000730: 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 : Obtaining and \n+00000740: 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 Building GRUB, \n+00000750: 5072 6576 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Prev: Troublesho\n+00000760: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a oting, Up: Top.\n+00000770: 0a32 3420 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 .24 User-space u\n+00000780: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tilities.*******\n 00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000007a0: 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e *..* Menu:..* In\n-000007b0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking grub-inst\n-000007c0: 616c 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 all:: How \n-000007d0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 to use the GRUB \n-000007e0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f installer.* Invo\n-000007f0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n-00000800: 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 ig:: Genera\n-00000810: 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 te a GRUB config\n-00000820: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 uration file.* I\n-00000830: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking grub-mkp\n-00000840: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 asswd-pbkdf2::. \n+000007a0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e76 ..* Menu:..* Inv\n+000007b0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n+000007c0: 6c6c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 ll:: How t\n+000007d0: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 o use the GRUB i\n+000007e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b nstaller.* Invok\n+000007f0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+00000800: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 6174 g:: Generat\n+00000810: 6520 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e a GRUB configu\n+00000820: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 496e ration file.* In\n+00000830: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking grub-mkpa\n+00000840: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a0a 2020 sswd-pbkdf2::. \n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 G\n-00000870: 656e 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 enerate GRUB pas\n-00000880: 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 sword hashes.* I\n-00000890: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n-000008a0: 656c 7061 7468 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b elpath:: Mak\n-000008b0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 e system path re\n-000008c0: 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f lative to its ro\n-000008d0: 6f74 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ot.* Invoking gr\n-000008e0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 ub-mkrescue:: \n-000008f0: 2020 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 Make a GRUB r\n-00000900: 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e escue image.* In\n-00000910: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e voking grub-moun\n-00000920: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e t:: Moun\n-00000930: 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 t a file system \n-00000940: 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 using GRUB.* Inv\n-00000950: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 oking grub-probe\n-00000960: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 :: Probe\n-00000970: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 device informat\n-00000980: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 ion for GRUB.* I\n-00000990: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 nvoking grub-scr\n-000009a0: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 ipt-check:: Che\n-000009b0: 636b 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 ck GRUB script f\n-000009c0: 696c 6520 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 ile for syntax e\n-000009d0: 7272 6f72 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rrors....File: g\n-000009e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000009f0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n-00000a00: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 nstall, Next: I\n-00000a10: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n-00000a20: 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 onfig, Up: User\n-00000a30: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n-00000a40: 0a0a 3234 2e31 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ..24.1 Invoking \n-00000a50: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d grub-install.===\n+00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4765 Ge\n+00000870: 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 nerate GRUB pass\n+00000880: 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 730a 2a20 496e word hashes.* In\n+00000890: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+000008a0: 6c70 6174 683a 3a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 lpath:: Make\n+000008b0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c system path rel\n+000008c0: 6174 6976 6520 746f 2069 7473 2072 6f6f ative to its roo\n+000008d0: 740a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 t.* Invoking gru\n+000008e0: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 b-mkrescue:: \n+000008f0: 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 7265 Make a GRUB re\n+00000900: 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2049 6e76 scue image.* Inv\n+00000910: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 oking grub-mount\n+00000920: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 :: Mount\n+00000930: 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2075 a file system u\n+00000940: 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e 766f sing GRUB.* Invo\n+00000950: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a king grub-probe:\n+00000960: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 6520 : Probe \n+00000970: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 device informati\n+00000980: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e on for GRUB.* In\n+00000990: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 voking grub-scri\n+000009a0: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a3a 2020 4368 6563 pt-check:: Chec\n+000009b0: 6b20 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 6669 k GRUB script fi\n+000009c0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 le for syntax er\n+000009d0: 726f 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 rors....File: gr\n+000009e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000009f0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e Invoking grub-in\n+00000a00: 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e stall, Next: In\n+00000a10: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n+00000a20: 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d nfig, Up: User-\n+00000a30: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n+00000a40: 0a32 342e 3120 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.1 Invoking g\n+00000a50: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d rub-install.====\n 00000a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n-00000a80: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 gram ...grub-ins\n-00000a90: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 tall... generate\n-00000aa0: 7320 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d s a GRUB core im\n-00000ab0: 6167 6520 7573 696e 670a e280 9867 7275 age using....gru\n-00000ac0: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 b-mkimage... and\n-00000ad0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 installs it on \n-00000ae0: 796f 7572 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f your system. Yo\n-00000af0: 7520 6d75 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 u must specify t\n-00000b00: 6865 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f he.device name o\n-00000b10: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 n which you want\n-00000b20: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to install GRUB\n-00000b30: 2c20 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 , like this:.. \n-00000b40: 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 grub-install \n-00000b50: 494e 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a INSTALL_DEVICE..\n-00000b60: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 The device na\n-00000b70: 6d65 2049 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 me INSTALL_DEVIC\n-00000b80: 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 E is an OS devic\n-00000b90: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 7220 6120 4752 5542 e name or a GRUB\n-00000ba0: 2064 6576 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 device.name... \n-00000bb0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c ...grub-instal\n-00000bc0: 6ce2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 l... accepts the\n-00000bd0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n-00000be0: 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 ns:.....--help..\n-00000bf0: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 .. Print a s\n-00000c00: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n-00000c10: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n-00000c20: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 ns and exit.....\n-00000c30: 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 .--version.... \n-00000c40: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n-00000c50: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n-00000c60: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 RUB and exit....\n-00000c70: 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f ..--boot-directo\n-00000c80: 7279 3d44 4952 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 ry=DIR.... I\n-00000c90: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 nstall GRUB imag\n-00000ca0: 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2064 6972 es under the dir\n-00000cb0: 6563 746f 7279 20e2 8098 4449 522f 6772 ectory ...DIR/gr\n-00000cc0: 7562 2fe2 8099 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 ub/... This opti\n-00000cd0: 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 on is. usefu\n-00000ce0: 6c20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 l when you want \n-00000cf0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 to install GRUB \n-00000d00: 696e 746f 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 into a separate \n-00000d10: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 2061 0a20 partition or a. \n-00000d20: 2020 2020 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 6520 6469 removable di\n-00000d30: 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 sk. If this opt\n-00000d40: 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 ion is not speci\n-00000d50: 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2064 6566 fied then it def\n-00000d60: 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 aults. to ..\n-00000d70: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2073 6f0a 0a20 ./boot..., so.. \n-00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e grub-in\n-00000d90: 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a stall /dev/sda..\n-00000da0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 is equivale\n-00000db0: 6e74 2074 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nt to.. \n-00000dc0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n-00000dd0: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f boot-directory=/\n-00000de0: 626f 6f74 2f20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a boot/ /dev/sda..\n-00000df0: 2020 2020 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 Here is an \n-00000e00: 6578 616d 706c 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 example in which\n-00000e10: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 you have a sepa\n-00000e20: 7261 7465 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 e280 9d20 rate ...boot... \n-00000e30: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 partition. w\n-00000e40: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 hich is mounted \n-00000e50: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 74e2 on .../mnt/boot.\n-00000e60: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 ..:.. g\n-00000e70: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f rub-install --bo\n-00000e80: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e ot-directory=/mn\n-00000e90: 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 7364 620a t/boot /dev/sdb.\n-00000ea0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7265 6368 6563 6be2 8099 ....--recheck...\n-00000eb0: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6368 6563 6b20 7468 . Recheck th\n-00000ec0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 6576 e device map, ev\n-00000ed0: 656e 2069 6620 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 en if .../boot/g\n-00000ee0: 7275 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 rub/device.map..\n-00000ef0: 9920 616c 7265 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 . already. e\n-00000f00: 7869 7374 732e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 xists. You shou\n-00000f10: 6c64 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 ld use this opti\n-00000f20: 6f6e 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 on whenever you \n-00000f30: 6164 642f 7265 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 add/remove a dis\n-00000f40: 6b0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d k. into/from\n-00000f50: 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a your computer..\n-00000f60: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 ....--no-rs-code\n-00000f70: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 s.... By def\n-00000f80: 6175 6c74 206f 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 ault on x86 BIOS\n-00000f90: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 e280 9867 7275 systems, ...gru\n-00000fa0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2077 696c b-install... wil\n-00000fb0: 6c20 7573 6520 736f 6d65 2065 7874 7261 l use some extra\n-00000fc0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 . space in t\n-00000fd0: 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d he bootloader em\n-00000fe0: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 2066 6f72 bedding area for\n-00000ff0: 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 Reed-Solomon. \n-00001000: 2020 2065 7272 6f72 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 error-correct\n-00001010: 696e 6720 636f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6973 ing codes. This\n-00001020: 2065 6e61 626c 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f enables GRUB to\n-00001030: 2073 7469 6c6c 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 still boot. \n-00001040: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 successfully if\n-00001050: 2073 6f6d 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 some blocks are\n-00001060: 2063 6f72 7275 7074 6564 2e20 2054 6865 corrupted. The\n-00001070: 2065 7861 6374 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 exact amount of\n-00001080: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e . protection\n-00001090: 206f 6666 6572 6564 2069 7320 6465 7065 offered is depe\n-000010a0: 6e64 656e 7420 6f6e 2061 7661 696c 6162 ndent on availab\n-000010b0: 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 le space in the \n-000010c0: 656d 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 embedding. a\n-000010d0: 7265 612e 2020 5220 7365 6374 6f72 7320 rea. R sectors \n-000010e0: 6f66 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6361 of redundancy ca\n-000010f0: 6e20 746f 6c65 7261 7465 2075 7020 746f n tolerate up to\n-00001100: 2052 2f32 2063 6f72 7275 7074 6564 0a20 R/2 corrupted. \n-00001110: 2020 2020 7365 6374 6f72 732e 2020 5468 sectors. Th\n-00001120: 6973 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 is redundancy ma\n-00001130: 7920 6265 2063 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 y be cumbersome \n-00001140: 6966 2061 7474 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f if attempting to\n-00001150: 0a20 2020 2020 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 . cryptograp\n-00001160: 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 hically validate\n-00001170: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n-00001180: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 the bootloader \n-00001190: 656d 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 embedding. a\n-000011a0: 7265 612c 206f 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 rea, or in more \n-000011b0: 6d6f 6465 726e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 modern systems w\n-000011c0: 6974 6820 4750 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 ith GPT-style pa\n-000011d0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 rtition tables. \n-000011e0: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 (*note BIOS \n-000011f0: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 installation::) \n-00001200: 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 where GRUB does \n-00001210: 6e6f 7420 7265 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e not reside in an\n-00001220: 790a 2020 2020 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 y. unpartiti\n-00001230: 6f6e 6564 2073 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 oned space outsi\n-00001240: 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 de of the MBR. D\n-00001250: 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d isable the Reed-\n-00001260: 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 Solomon. cod\n-00001270: 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 es with this opt\n-00001280: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n-00001290: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000012a0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000012b0: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 config, Next: I\n-000012c0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking grub-mkp\n-000012d0: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 asswd-pbkdf2, P\n-000012e0: 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 rev: Invoking gr\n-000012f0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a ub-install, Up:\n-00001300: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00001310: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3220 496e 766f ities..24.2 Invo\n-00001320: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n-00001330: 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ig.=============\n-00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00001350: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 The program ...g\n-00001360: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-00001370: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 636f 6e66 generates a conf\n-00001380: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 iguration file f\n-00001390: 6f72 2047 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 or GRUB.(*note S\n-000013a0: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple configurat\n-000013b0: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 ion::)... gr\n-000013c0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6720 2d6f 202f ub-mkconfig -o /\n-000013d0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n-000013e0: 6667 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d fg.. ...grub-m\n-000013f0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 kconfig... accep\n-00001400: 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ts the following\n-00001410: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d options:.....--\n-00001420: 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 help.... Pri\n-00001430: 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 nt a summary of \n-00001440: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-00001450: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 options and exi\n-00001460: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e t......--version\n-00001470: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 .... Print t\n-00001480: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n-00001490: 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 r of GRUB and ex\n-000014a0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 it......-o FILE.\n-000014b0: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 ......--output=F\n-000014c0: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6e64 ILE.... Send\n-000014d0: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2063 the generated c\n-000014e0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-000014f0: 6520 746f 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 e to FILE. The \n-00001500: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f0a 2020 default is to. \n-00001510: 2020 2073 656e 6420 6974 2074 6f20 7374 send it to st\n-00001520: 616e 6461 7264 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a andard output...\n-00001530: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00001540: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-00001550: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n-00001560: 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 -pbkdf2, Next: \n-00001570: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00001580: 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 relpath, Prev: \n-00001590: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000015a0: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 config, Up: Use\n-000015b0: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-000015c0: 730a 0a32 342e 3320 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.3 Invoking\n-000015d0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n-000015e0: 626b 6466 320a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d bkdf2.==========\n+00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n+00000a80: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 ram ...grub-inst\n+00000a90: 616c 6ce2 8099 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 all... generates\n+00000aa0: 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 7265 2069 6d61 a GRUB core ima\n+00000ab0: 6765 2075 7369 6e67 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 ge using....grub\n+00000ac0: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 616e 6420 -mkimage... and \n+00000ad0: 696e 7374 616c 6c73 2069 7420 6f6e 2079 installs it on y\n+00000ae0: 6f75 7220 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2059 6f75 our system. You\n+00000af0: 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 must specify th\n+00000b00: 650a 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6f6e e.device name on\n+00000b10: 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 which you want \n+00000b20: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c to install GRUB,\n+00000b30: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n+00000b40: 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2049 grub-install I\n+00000b50: 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 450a 0a20 NSTALL_DEVICE.. \n+00000b60: 2020 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d The device nam\n+00000b70: 6520 494e 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 e INSTALL_DEVICE\n+00000b80: 2069 7320 616e 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 is an OS device\n+00000b90: 206e 616d 6520 6f72 2061 2047 5255 4220 name or a GRUB \n+00000ba0: 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 device.name... \n+00000bb0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+00000bc0: e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 ... accepts the \n+00000bd0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n+00000be0: 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 s:.....--help...\n+00000bf0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 . Print a su\n+00000c00: 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d mmary of the com\n+00000c10: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e mand-line option\n+00000c20: 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 s and exit......\n+00000c30: 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 --version.... \n+00000c40: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 Print the vers\n+00000c50: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 ion number of GR\n+00000c60: 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 UB and exit.....\n+00000c70: 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 .--boot-director\n+00000c80: 793d 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e y=DIR.... In\n+00000c90: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 stall GRUB image\n+00000ca0: 7320 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 s under the dire\n+00000cb0: 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9844 4952 2f67 7275 ctory ...DIR/gru\n+00000cc0: 622f e280 9920 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f b/... This optio\n+00000cd0: 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c n is. useful\n+00000ce0: 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 when you want t\n+00000cf0: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 o install GRUB i\n+00000d00: 6e74 6f20 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 2070 nto a separate p\n+00000d10: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 610a 2020 artition or a. \n+00000d20: 2020 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2064 6973 removable dis\n+00000d30: 6b2e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 k. If this opti\n+00000d40: 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 on is not specif\n+00000d50: 6965 6420 7468 656e 2069 7420 6465 6661 ied then it defa\n+00000d60: 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 ults. to ...\n+00000d70: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2c20 736f 0a0a 2020 /boot..., so.. \n+00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 grub-ins\n+00000d90: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 tall /dev/sda.. \n+00000da0: 2020 2020 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e is equivalen\n+00000db0: 7420 746f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t to.. \n+00000dc0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 grub-install --b\n+00000dd0: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f62 oot-directory=/b\n+00000de0: 6f6f 742f 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 oot/ /dev/sda.. \n+00000df0: 2020 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 Here is an e\n+00000e00: 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 xample in which \n+00000e10: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 2073 6570 6172 you have a separ\n+00000e20: 6174 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 74e2 809d 2070 ate ...boot... p\n+00000e30: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7768 artition. wh\n+00000e40: 6963 6820 6973 206d 6f75 6e74 6564 206f ich is mounted o\n+00000e50: 6e20 e280 982f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 e280 n .../mnt/boot..\n+00000e60: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 .:.. gr\n+00000e70: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f ub-install --boo\n+00000e80: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 t-directory=/mnt\n+00000e90: 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6462 0a0a /boot /dev/sdb..\n+00000ea0: e280 982d 2d72 6563 6865 636b e280 990a ...--recheck....\n+00000eb0: 2020 2020 2052 6563 6865 636b 2074 6865 Recheck the\n+00000ec0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2065 7665 device map, eve\n+00000ed0: 6e20 6966 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 n if .../boot/gr\n+00000ee0: 7562 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 ub/device.map...\n+00000ef0: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 0a20 2020 2020 6578 already. ex\n+00000f00: 6973 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 2073 686f 756c ists. You shoul\n+00000f10: 6420 7573 6520 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f d use this optio\n+00000f20: 6e20 7768 656e 6576 6572 2079 6f75 2061 n whenever you a\n+00000f30: 6464 2f72 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6469 736b dd/remove a disk\n+00000f40: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 746f 2f66 726f 6d20 . into/from \n+00000f50: 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a your computer...\n+00000f60: e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 7273 2d63 6f64 6573 ...--no-rs-codes\n+00000f70: e280 990a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 .... By defa\n+00000f80: 756c 7420 6f6e 2078 3836 2042 494f 5320 ult on x86 BIOS \n+00000f90: 7379 7374 656d 732c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 systems, ...grub\n+00000fa0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c -install... will\n+00000fb0: 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 6578 7472 610a use some extra.\n+00000fc0: 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 space in th\n+00000fd0: 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 6d62 e bootloader emb\n+00000fe0: 6564 6469 6e67 2061 7265 6120 666f 7220 edding area for \n+00000ff0: 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 Reed-Solomon. \n+00001000: 2020 6572 726f 722d 636f 7272 6563 7469 error-correcti\n+00001010: 6e67 2063 6f64 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ng codes. This \n+00001020: 656e 6162 6c65 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 enables GRUB to \n+00001030: 7374 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 still boot. \n+00001040: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 6620 successfully if \n+00001050: 736f 6d65 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6520 some blocks are \n+00001060: 636f 7272 7570 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 corrupted. The \n+00001070: 6578 6163 7420 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 660a exact amount of.\n+00001080: 2020 2020 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 protection \n+00001090: 6f66 6665 7265 6420 6973 2064 6570 656e offered is depen\n+000010a0: 6465 6e74 206f 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 626c dent on availabl\n+000010b0: 6520 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2065 e space in the e\n+000010c0: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 mbedding. ar\n+000010d0: 6561 2e20 2052 2073 6563 746f 7273 206f ea. R sectors o\n+000010e0: 6620 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 2063 616e f redundancy can\n+000010f0: 2074 6f6c 6572 6174 6520 7570 2074 6f20 tolerate up to \n+00001100: 522f 3220 636f 7272 7570 7465 640a 2020 R/2 corrupted. \n+00001110: 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6869 sectors. Thi\n+00001120: 7320 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 206d 6179 s redundancy may\n+00001130: 2062 6520 6375 6d62 6572 736f 6d65 2069 be cumbersome i\n+00001140: 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a f attempting to.\n+00001150: 2020 2020 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 cryptograph\n+00001160: 6963 616c 6c79 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 ically validate \n+00001170: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n+00001180: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 the bootloader e\n+00001190: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 mbedding. ar\n+000011a0: 6561 2c20 6f72 2069 6e20 6d6f 7265 206d ea, or in more m\n+000011b0: 6f64 6572 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 odern systems wi\n+000011c0: 7468 2047 5054 2d73 7479 6c65 2070 6172 th GPT-style par\n+000011d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 730a 2020 tition tables. \n+000011e0: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 (*note BIOS i\n+000011f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 nstallation::) w\n+00001200: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e here GRUB does n\n+00001210: 6f74 2072 6573 6964 6520 696e 2061 6e79 ot reside in any\n+00001220: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7061 7274 6974 696f . unpartitio\n+00001230: 6e65 6420 7370 6163 6520 6f75 7473 6964 ned space outsid\n+00001240: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 204d 4252 2e20 4469 e of the MBR. Di\n+00001250: 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 5265 6564 2d53 sable the Reed-S\n+00001260: 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6465 olomon. code\n+00001270: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 s with this opti\n+00001280: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+00001290: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n+000012a0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n+000012b0: 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e onfig, Next: In\n+000012c0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking grub-mkpa\n+000012d0: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5072 sswd-pbkdf2, Pr\n+000012e0: 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ev: Invoking gru\n+000012f0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 b-install, Up: \n+00001300: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+00001310: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e32 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.2 Invok\n+00001320: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+00001330: 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d g.==============\n+00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+00001350: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 he program ...gr\n+00001360: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2067 ub-mkconfig... g\n+00001370: 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 enerates a confi\n+00001380: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 666f guration file fo\n+00001390: 7220 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 r GRUB.(*note Si\n+000013a0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n+000013b0: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 on::)... gru\n+000013c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 2f62 b-mkconfig -o /b\n+000013d0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n+000013e0: 670a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b g.. ...grub-mk\n+000013f0: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 config... accept\n+00001400: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 s the following \n+00001410: 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 options:.....--h\n+00001420: 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e elp.... Prin\n+00001430: 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 t a summary of t\n+00001440: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 he command-line \n+00001450: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 options and exit\n+00001460: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 ......--version.\n+00001470: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 ... Print th\n+00001480: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n+00001490: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 of GRUB and exi\n+000014a0: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 t......-o FILE..\n+000014b0: 990a e280 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 .....--output=FI\n+000014c0: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 656e 6420 LE.... Send \n+000014d0: 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 636f the generated co\n+000014e0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+000014f0: 2074 6f20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2064 to FILE. The d\n+00001500: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 0a20 2020 efault is to. \n+00001510: 2020 7365 6e64 2069 7420 746f 2073 7461 send it to sta\n+00001520: 6e64 6172 6420 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f ndard output....\n+00001530: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00001540: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Node: Invokin\n+00001550: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n+00001560: 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 pbkdf2, Next: I\n+00001570: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00001580: 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 elpath, Prev: I\n+00001590: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n+000015a0: 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 onfig, Up: User\n+000015b0: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n+000015c0: 0a0a 3234 2e33 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ..24.3 Invoking \n+000015d0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+000015e0: 6b64 6632 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d kdf2.===========\n 000015f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n-00001610: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ogram ...grub-mk\n-00001620: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 passwd-pbkdf2...\n-00001630: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 generates passw\n-00001640: 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 ord hashes for G\n-00001650: 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 RUB.(*note Secur\n-00001660: 6974 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 ity::)... gr\n-00001670: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00001680: 6632 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d f2.. ...grub-m\n-00001690: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 kpasswd-pbkdf2..\n-000016a0: 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f . accepts the fo\n-000016b0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n-000016c0: 0a0a e280 982d 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 .....-c NUMBER..\n-000016d0: 990a e280 982d 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e .....--iteration\n-000016e0: 2d63 6f75 6e74 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 -count=NUMBER...\n-000016f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 . Number of \n-00001700: 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 iterations of th\n-00001710: 6520 756e 6465 726c 7969 6e67 2070 7365 e underlying pse\n-00001720: 7564 6f2d 7261 6e64 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 udo-random funct\n-00001730: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6661 756c ion.. Defaul\n-00001740: 7473 2074 6f20 3130 3030 302e 0a0a e280 ts to 10000.....\n-00001750: 982d 6c20 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 .-l NUMBER......\n-00001760: 982d 2d62 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 .--buflen=NUMBER\n-00001770: e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 .... Length \n-00001780: 6f66 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 of the generated\n-00001790: 2068 6173 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 hash. Defaults\n-000017a0: 2074 6f20 3634 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d73 204e to 64......-s N\n-000017b0: 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7361 UMBER.......--sa\n-000017c0: 6c74 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 lt=NUMBER.... \n-000017d0: 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 Length of the \n-000017e0: 7361 6c74 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 salt. Defaults \n-000017f0: 746f 2036 342e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 to 64.....File: \n-00001800: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00001810: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00001820: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 mkrelpath, Next\n-00001830: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00001840: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a mkrescue, Prev:\n-00001850: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00001860: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 kpasswd-pbkdf2, \n-00001870: 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 Up: User-space \n-00001880: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3420 utilities..24.4 \n-00001890: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000018a0: 7265 6c70 6174 680a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d relpath.========\n+00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n+00001610: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 gram ...grub-mkp\n+00001620: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 asswd-pbkdf2... \n+00001630: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 7061 7373 776f generates passwo\n+00001640: 7264 2068 6173 6865 7320 666f 7220 4752 rd hashes for GR\n+00001650: 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 UB.(*note Securi\n+00001660: 7479 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 ty::)... gru\n+00001670: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+00001680: 320a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 2.. ...grub-mk\n+00001690: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 passwd-pbkdf2...\n+000016a0: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n+000016b0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n+000016c0: 0ae2 8098 2d63 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 ....-c NUMBER...\n+000016d0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e2d ....--iteration-\n+000016e0: 636f 756e 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a count=NUMBER....\n+000016f0: 2020 2020 204e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2069 Number of i\n+00001700: 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 terations of the\n+00001710: 2075 6e64 6572 6c79 696e 6720 7073 6575 underlying pseu\n+00001720: 646f 2d72 616e 646f 6d20 6675 6e63 7469 do-random functi\n+00001730: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 6175 6c74 on.. Default\n+00001740: 7320 746f 2031 3030 3030 2e0a 0ae2 8098 s to 10000......\n+00001750: 2d6c 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 -l NUMBER.......\n+00001760: 2d2d 6275 666c 656e 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 --buflen=NUMBER.\n+00001770: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f ... Length o\n+00001780: 6620 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 f the generated \n+00001790: 6861 7368 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 hash. Defaults \n+000017a0: 746f 2036 342e 0a0a e280 982d 7320 4e55 to 64......-s NU\n+000017b0: 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d73 616c MBER.......--sal\n+000017c0: 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 t=NUMBER.... \n+000017d0: 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 Length of the s\n+000017e0: 616c 742e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 alt. Defaults t\n+000017f0: 6f20 3634 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 o 64.....File: g\n+00001800: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00001810: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00001820: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a krelpath, Next:\n+00001830: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00001840: 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 krescue, Prev: \n+00001850: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00001860: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 passwd-pbkdf2, \n+00001870: 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 Up: User-space u\n+00001880: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e34 2049 tilities..24.4 I\n+00001890: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+000018a0: 656c 7061 7468 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d elpath.=========\n 000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000018c0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n-000018d0: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 m ...grub-mkrelp\n-000018e0: 6174 68e2 8099 206d 616b 6573 2061 2066 ath... makes a f\n-000018f0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 ile system path \n-00001900: 7265 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 650a relative to the.\n-00001910: 726f 6f74 206f 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 root of its cont\n-00001920: 6169 6e69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 aining file syst\n-00001930: 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 em. For instanc\n-00001940: 652c 2069 6620 e280 982f 7573 72e2 8099 e, if .../usr...\n-00001950: 2069 7320 6120 6d6f 756e 740a 706f 696e is a mount.poin\n-00001960: 742c 2074 6865 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 t, then:.. $\n-00001970: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6820 grub-mkrelpath \n-00001980: 2f75 7372 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f /usr/share/grub/\n-00001990: 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 320a 2020 2020 unicode.pf2. \n-000019a0: 20e2 8098 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f .../share/grub/\n-000019b0: 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 32e2 8099 0a0a unicode.pf2.....\n-000019c0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c This is mainl\n-000019d0: 7920 7573 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c y used internall\n-000019e0: 7920 6279 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 y by other GRUB \n-000019f0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7375 6368 2061 utilities such a\n-00001a00: 730a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 s....grub-mkconf\n-00001a10: 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 ig... (*note Inv\n-00001a20: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n-00001a30: 6669 673a 3a29 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 fig::), but may \n-00001a40: 6f63 6361 7369 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a61 6c73 occasionally.als\n-00001a50: 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 o be useful for \n-00001a60: 6465 6275 6767 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 debugging... .\n-00001a70: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 ..grub-mkrelpath\n-00001a80: e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 ... accepts the \n-00001a90: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n-00001aa0: 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 s:.....--help...\n-00001ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 . Print a su\n-00001ac0: 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d mmary of the com\n-00001ad0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e mand-line option\n-00001ae0: 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 s and exit......\n-00001af0: 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 --version.... \n-00001b00: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 Print the vers\n-00001b10: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 ion number of GR\n-00001b20: 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a UB and exit.....\n-00001b30: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00001b40: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n-00001b50: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 grub-mkrescue, \n-00001b60: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Next: Invoking \n-00001b70: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 grub-mount, Pre\n-00001b80: 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 v: Invoking grub\n-00001b90: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a -mkrelpath, Up:\n-00001ba0: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00001bb0: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3520 496e 766f ities..24.5 Invo\n-00001bc0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-00001bd0: 7565 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ue.=============\n-00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00001bf0: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 The program ...g\n-00001c00: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 rub-mkrescue... \n-00001c10: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 generates a boot\n-00001c20: 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 able GRUB rescue\n-00001c30: 2069 6d61 6765 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 image.(*note Ma\n-00001c40: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n-00001c50: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a able CD-ROM::)..\n-00001c60: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 . grub-mkres\n-00001c70: 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a cue -o grub.iso.\n-00001c80: 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 . All argument\n-00001c90: 7320 6e6f 7420 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 s not explicitly\n-00001ca0: 206c 6973 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6772 listed as ...gr\n-00001cb0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 206f ub-mkrescue... o\n-00001cc0: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 ptions are.passe\n-00001cd0: 6420 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f d on directly to\n-00001ce0: 20e2 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2069 ...xorriso... i\n-00001cf0: 6e20 e280 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 n ...mkisofs... \n-00001d00: 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 emulation mode. \n-00001d10: 204f 7074 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 Options.passed \n-00001d20: 746f 20e2 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 to ...xorriso...\n-00001d30: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 will normally b\n-00001d40: 6520 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 e interpreted as\n-00001d50: 20e2 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 206f ...mkisofs... o\n-00001d60: 7074 696f 6e73 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f ptions;.if the o\n-00001d70: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2de2 8099 2069 ption ...--... i\n-00001d80: 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2061 6e79 s used, then any\n-00001d90: 7468 696e 6720 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 thing after that\n-00001da0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 will be interpr\n-00001db0: 6574 6564 0a61 7320 6e61 7469 7665 20e2 eted.as native .\n-00001dc0: 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 206f 7074 ..xorriso... opt\n-00001dd0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 ions... Non-op\n-00001de0: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 tion arguments s\n-00001df0: 7065 6369 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 pecify additiona\n-00001e00: 6c20 736f 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f l source directo\n-00001e10: 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 ries. This is.c\n-00001e20: 6f6d 6d6f 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 ommonly used to \n-00001e30: 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 add extra files \n-00001e40: 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 to the image:.. \n-00001e50: 2020 2020 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 mkdir -p dis\n-00001e60: 6b2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 k/boot/grub. \n-00001e70: 2028 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 (add extra file\n-00001e80: 7320 746f 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f s to ...disk/boo\n-00001e90: 742f 6772 7562 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 t/grub...). \n-00001ea0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f grub-mkrescue -o\n-00001eb0: 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a grub.iso disk..\n-00001ec0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 ...grub-mkres\n-00001ed0: 6375 65e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 cue... accepts t\n-00001ee0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n-00001ef0: 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 ions:.....--help\n-00001f00: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 .... Print a\n-00001f10: 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 summary of the \n-00001f20: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 command-line opt\n-00001f30: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a ions and exit...\n-00001f40: e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a ...--version....\n-00001f50: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 Print the v\n-00001f60: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 ersion number of\n-00001f70: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a GRUB and exit..\n-00001f80: 0ae2 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 ....-o FILE.....\n-00001f90: 8098 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 ..--output=FILE.\n-00001fa0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 ... Save out\n-00001fb0: 7075 7420 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 put in FILE. Th\n-00001fc0: 6973 2022 6f70 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 is \"option\" is r\n-00001fd0: 6571 7569 7265 642e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6d equired......--m\n-00001fe0: 6f64 756c 6573 3d4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 odules=MODULES..\n-00001ff0: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 6420 .. Pre-load \n-00002000: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4752 5542 206d the named GRUB m\n-00002010: 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d odules in the im\n-00002020: 6167 652e 2020 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2065 age. Multiple e\n-00002030: 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 204d ntries in. M\n-00002040: 4f44 554c 4553 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 ODULES should be\n-00002050: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 separated by wh\n-00002060: 6974 6573 7061 6365 2028 736f 2079 6f75 itespace (so you\n-00002070: 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a20 will probably. \n-00002080: 2020 2020 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6f74 need to quot\n-00002090: 6520 7468 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 e this for your \n-000020a0: 7368 656c 6c29 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f shell)......--ro\n-000020b0: 6d2d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 m-directory=DIR.\n-000020c0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 ... If gener\n-000020d0: 6174 696e 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 ating images for\n-000020e0: 2074 6865 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 the QEMU or Cor\n-000020f0: 6562 6f6f 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c eboot platforms,\n-00002100: 2063 6f70 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 copy the. r\n-00002110: 6573 756c 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7165 6d75 esulting ...qemu\n-00002120: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 636f .img... or ...co\n-00002130: 7265 626f 6f74 2e65 6c66 e280 9920 6669 reboot.elf... fi\n-00002140: 6c65 7320 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 les respectively\n-00002150: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 to the. DIR\n-00002160: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 directory as we\n-00002170: 6c6c 2061 7320 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 ll as including \n-00002180: 7468 656d 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 them in the imag\n-00002190: 652e 0a0a e280 982d 2d78 6f72 7269 736f e......--xorriso\n-000021a0: 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 =FILE.... Us\n-000021b0: 6520 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 e FILE as the ..\n-000021c0: 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 7072 6f67 .xorriso... prog\n-000021d0: 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e ram, rather than\n-000021e0: 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 the built-in. \n-000021f0: 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0ae2 8098 default......\n-00002200: 2d2d 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 --grub-mkimage=F\n-00002210: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 ILE.... Use \n-00002220: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 FILE as the ...g\n-00002230: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2070 rub-mkimage... p\n-00002240: 726f 6772 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 rogram, rather t\n-00002250: 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e han the built-in\n-00002260: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a . default...\n-00002270: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00002280: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-00002290: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 ng grub-mount, \n-000022a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Next: Invoking g\n-000022b0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 rub-probe, Prev\n-000022c0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-000022d0: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2055 mkrescue, Up: U\n-000022e0: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-000022f0: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3620 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.6 Invoki\n-00002300: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 740a 3d3d ng grub-mount.==\n+000018c0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n+000018d0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ...grub-mkrelpa\n+000018e0: 7468 e280 9920 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 6669 th... makes a fi\n+000018f0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 le system path r\n+00001900: 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a72 elative to the.r\n+00001910: 6f6f 7420 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 oot of its conta\n+00001920: 696e 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 ining file syste\n+00001930: 6d2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 m. For instance\n+00001940: 2c20 6966 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 e280 9920 , if .../usr... \n+00001950: 6973 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 6e74 is a mount.point\n+00001960: 2c20 7468 656e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 , then:.. $ \n+00001970: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 202f grub-mkrelpath /\n+00001980: 7573 722f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 usr/share/grub/u\n+00001990: 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 2020 nicode.pf2. \n+000019a0: e280 982f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 .../share/grub/u\n+000019b0: 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 6632 e280 990a 0a20 nicode.pf2..... \n+000019c0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 This is mainly\n+000019d0: 2075 7365 6420 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 used internally\n+000019e0: 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 4752 5542 2075 by other GRUB u\n+000019f0: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 tilities such as\n+00001a00: 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ....grub-mkconfi\n+00001a10: 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f g... (*note Invo\n+00001a20: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n+00001a30: 6967 3a3a 292c 2062 7574 206d 6179 206f ig::), but may o\n+00001a40: 6363 6173 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c 736f ccasionally.also\n+00001a50: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2064 be useful for d\n+00001a60: 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 ebugging... ..\n+00001a70: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 .grub-mkrelpath.\n+00001a80: 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 .. accepts the f\n+00001a90: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n+00001aa0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a :.....--help....\n+00001ab0: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n+00001ac0: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n+00001ad0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n+00001ae0: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n+00001af0: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 -version.... \n+00001b00: 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 Print the versi\n+00001b10: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 on number of GRU\n+00001b20: 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 B and exit.....F\n+00001b30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00001b40: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Node: Invoking \n+00001b50: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 grub-mkrescue, \n+00001b60: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Next: Invoking g\n+00001b70: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 rub-mount, Prev\n+00001b80: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00001b90: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 mkrelpath, Up: \n+00001ba0: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+00001bb0: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e35 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.5 Invok\n+00001bc0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n+00001bd0: 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e.==============\n+00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+00001bf0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 he program ...gr\n+00001c00: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 2067 ub-mkrescue... g\n+00001c10: 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 enerates a boota\n+00001c20: 626c 6520 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 ble GRUB rescue \n+00001c30: 696d 6167 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b image.(*note Mak\n+00001c40: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n+00001c50: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 292e 0a0a ble CD-ROM::)...\n+00001c60: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 grub-mkresc\n+00001c70: 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 0a0a ue -o grub.iso..\n+00001c80: 2020 2041 6c6c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 All arguments\n+00001c90: 206e 6f74 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c 7920 not explicitly \n+00001ca0: 6c69 7374 6564 2061 7320 e280 9867 7275 listed as ...gru\n+00001cb0: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6f70 b-mkrescue... op\n+00001cc0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 7061 7373 6564 tions are.passed\n+00001cd0: 206f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2074 6f20 on directly to \n+00001ce0: e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 696e ...xorriso... in\n+00001cf0: 20e2 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 2065 ...mkisofs... e\n+00001d00: 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 mulation mode. \n+00001d10: 4f70 7469 6f6e 730a 7061 7373 6564 2074 Options.passed t\n+00001d20: 6f20 e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 o ...xorriso... \n+00001d30: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6265 will normally be\n+00001d40: 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 interpreted as \n+00001d50: e280 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 6f70 ...mkisofs... op\n+00001d60: 7469 6f6e 733b 0a69 6620 7468 6520 6f70 tions;.if the op\n+00001d70: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d e280 9920 6973 tion ...--... is\n+00001d80: 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 616e 7974 used, then anyt\n+00001d90: 6869 6e67 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 7420 hing after that \n+00001da0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 7465 7270 7265 will be interpre\n+00001db0: 7465 640a 6173 206e 6174 6976 6520 e280 ted.as native ..\n+00001dc0: 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 6f70 7469 .xorriso... opti\n+00001dd0: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 ons... Non-opt\n+00001de0: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7370 ion arguments sp\n+00001df0: 6563 6966 7920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c ecify additional\n+00001e00: 2073 6f75 7263 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 source director\n+00001e10: 6965 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 636f ies. This is.co\n+00001e20: 6d6d 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6420 746f 2061 mmonly used to a\n+00001e30: 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 2074 dd extra files t\n+00001e40: 6f20 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 o the image:.. \n+00001e50: 2020 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6469 736b mkdir -p disk\n+00001e60: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 /boot/grub. \n+00001e70: 2861 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 (add extra files\n+00001e80: 2074 6f20 e280 9864 6973 6b2f 626f 6f74 to ...disk/boot\n+00001e90: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 2067 /grub...). g\n+00001ea0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 rub-mkrescue -o \n+00001eb0: 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2064 6973 6b0a 0a20 grub.iso disk.. \n+00001ec0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 ...grub-mkresc\n+00001ed0: 7565 e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 ue... accepts th\n+00001ee0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e following opti\n+00001ef0: 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 ons:.....--help.\n+00001f00: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 ... Print a \n+00001f10: 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 summary of the c\n+00001f20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 ommand-line opti\n+00001f30: 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 ons and exit....\n+00001f40: 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 ..--version.... \n+00001f50: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 Print the ve\n+00001f60: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rsion number of \n+00001f70: 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a GRUB and exit...\n+00001f80: e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 ...-o FILE......\n+00001f90: 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 e280 .--output=FILE..\n+00001fa0: 990a 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 6f75 7470 .. Save outp\n+00001fb0: 7574 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 ut in FILE. Thi\n+00001fc0: 7320 226f 7074 696f 6e22 2069 7320 7265 s \"option\" is re\n+00001fd0: 7175 6972 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6d6f quired......--mo\n+00001fe0: 6475 6c65 733d 4d4f 4455 4c45 53e2 8099 dules=MODULES...\n+00001ff0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 652d 6c6f 6164 2074 . Pre-load t\n+00002000: 6865 206e 616d 6564 2047 5255 4220 6d6f he named GRUB mo\n+00002010: 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 dules in the ima\n+00002020: 6765 2e20 204d 756c 7469 706c 6520 656e ge. Multiple en\n+00002030: 7472 6965 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4d4f tries in. MO\n+00002040: 4455 4c45 5320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 DULES should be \n+00002050: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 separated by whi\n+00002060: 7465 7370 6163 6520 2873 6f20 796f 7520 tespace (so you \n+00002070: 7769 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 2020 will probably. \n+00002080: 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f 2071 756f 7465 need to quote\n+00002090: 2074 6869 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 2073 this for your s\n+000020a0: 6865 6c6c 292e 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 6f6d hell)......--rom\n+000020b0: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 e280 -directory=DIR..\n+000020c0: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6765 6e65 7261 .. If genera\n+000020d0: 7469 6e67 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 ting images for \n+000020e0: 7468 6520 5145 4d55 206f 7220 436f 7265 the QEMU or Core\n+000020f0: 626f 6f74 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 boot platforms, \n+00002100: 636f 7079 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7265 copy the. re\n+00002110: 7375 6c74 696e 6720 e280 9871 656d 752e sulting ...qemu.\n+00002120: 696d 67e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9863 6f72 img... or ...cor\n+00002130: 6562 6f6f 742e 656c 66e2 8099 2066 696c eboot.elf... fil\n+00002140: 6573 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 es respectively \n+00002150: 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4449 5220 to the. DIR \n+00002160: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2077 656c directory as wel\n+00002170: 6c20 6173 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 l as including t\n+00002180: 6865 6d20 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 hem in the image\n+00002190: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 786f 7272 6973 6f3d ......--xorriso=\n+000021a0: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 FILE.... Use\n+000021b0: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 FILE as the ...\n+000021c0: 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2070 726f 6772 xorriso... progr\n+000021d0: 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 am, rather than \n+000021e0: 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 the built-in. \n+000021f0: 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a e280 982d default......-\n+00002200: 2d67 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 653d 4649 -grub-mkimage=FI\n+00002210: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 LE.... Use F\n+00002220: 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 ILE as the ...gr\n+00002230: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 7072 ub-mkimage... pr\n+00002240: 6f67 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 ogram, rather th\n+00002250: 616e 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a an the built-in.\n+00002260: 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0a1f default....\n+00002270: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00002280: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Node: Invokin\n+00002290: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e g grub-mount, N\n+000022a0: 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ext: Invoking gr\n+000022b0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a ub-probe, Prev:\n+000022c0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+000022d0: 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 krescue, Up: Us\n+000022e0: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n+000022f0: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e36 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.6 Invokin\n+00002300: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 0a3d 3d3d g grub-mount.===\n 00002310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002320: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n-00002330: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e ram ...grub-moun\n-00002340: 74e2 8099 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 t... performs a \n-00002350: 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7420 read-only mount \n-00002360: 6f66 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 of any file syst\n-00002370: 656d 0a6f 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 em.or file syste\n-00002380: 6d20 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 m image that GRU\n-00002390: 4220 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 732c 2075 B understands, u\n-000023a0: 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4227 7320 6669 6c65 sing GRUB's file\n-000023b0: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6472 6976 6572 7320 system.drivers \n-000023c0: 7669 6120 4655 5345 2e20 2849 7420 6973 via FUSE. (It is\n-000023d0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n-000023e0: 6966 2046 5553 4520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d if FUSE developm\n-000023f0: 656e 7420 6669 6c65 7320 7765 7265 0a70 ent files were.p\n-00002400: 7265 7365 6e74 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 resent when GRUB\n-00002410: 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2e29 2020 5468 was built.) Th\n-00002420: 6973 2068 6173 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 is has a number \n-00002430: 6f66 2075 7365 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 of uses:.. ...\n-00002440: 2049 7420 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2063 It provides a c\n-00002450: 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e 7420 7761 7920 746f onvenient way to\n-00002460: 2063 6865 636b 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 check how GRUB \n-00002470: 7769 6c6c 2076 6965 7720 6120 6669 6c65 will view a file\n-00002480: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 . system at \n-00002490: 626f 6f74 2074 696d 652e 2020 596f 7520 boot time. You \n-000024a0: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 2063 can use normal c\n-000024b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 746f 6f6c ommand-line tool\n-000024c0: 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6172 s to. compar\n-000024d0: 6520 7468 6174 2076 6965 7720 7769 7468 e that view with\n-000024e0: 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 that of your op\n-000024f0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 erating system, \n-00002500: 6d61 6b69 6e67 2069 740a 2020 2020 2065 making it. e\n-00002510: 6173 7920 746f 2066 696e 6420 6275 6773 asy to find bugs\n-00002520: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 206f 6666 ... ... It off\n-00002530: 6572 7320 7472 7565 2072 6561 642d 6f6e ers true read-on\n-00002540: 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 732e 2020 4c69 6e75 ly mounts. Linu\n-00002550: 7820 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 x does not have \n-00002560: 7468 6573 6520 666f 720a 2020 2020 206a these for. j\n-00002570: 6f75 726e 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 ournalling file \n-00002580: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2062 6563 6175 7365 systems, because\n-00002590: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 6c77 6179 7320 it will always \n-000025a0: 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2072 6570 6c61 attempt to repla\n-000025b0: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206a 6f75 726e y. the journ\n-000025c0: 616c 2061 7420 6d6f 756e 7420 7469 6d65 al at mount time\n-000025d0: 3b20 7768 696c 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ; while you can \n-000025e0: 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 696c 7920 6d61 726b temporarily mark\n-000025f0: 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 the block. \n-00002600: 6465 7669 6365 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 device read-only\n-00002610: 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7468 6973 2c20 to avoid this, \n-00002620: 7468 6174 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6520 that causes the \n-00002630: 6d6f 756e 7420 746f 2066 6169 6c2e 0a20 mount to fail.. \n-00002640: 2020 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2069 Since GRUB i\n-00002650: 6e74 656e 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2063 6f6e ntentionally con\n-00002660: 7461 696e 7320 6e6f 2063 6f64 6520 666f tains no code fo\n-00002670: 7220 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2066 696c r writing to fil\n-00002680: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 e. systems, \n-00002690: 6974 2063 616e 2065 6173 696c 7920 7072 it can easily pr\n-000026a0: 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6775 6172 616e 7465 ovide a guarante\n-000026b0: 6564 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 ed read-only mou\n-000026c0: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 nt. mechanis\n-000026d0: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 616c m... ... It al\n-000026e0: 6c6f 7773 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 6578 616d lows you to exam\n-000026f0: 696e 6520 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ine any file sys\n-00002700: 7465 6d20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e tem that GRUB un\n-00002710: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2077 derstands. w\n-00002720: 6974 686f 7574 206e 6565 6469 6e67 2074 ithout needing t\n-00002730: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 o load additiona\n-00002740: 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 746f 2079 l modules into y\n-00002750: 6f75 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 670a 2020 2020 our running. \n-00002760: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6368 206d kernel, which m\n-00002770: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 ay be useful in \n-00002780: 636f 6e73 7472 6169 6e65 6420 656e 7669 constrained envi\n-00002790: 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 ronments such as\n-000027a0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7273 . installers\n-000027b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5369 6e63 6520 ... ... Since \n-000027c0: 6974 2063 616e 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2066 it can examine f\n-000027d0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 ile system image\n-000027e0: 7320 2863 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 2069 6e20 s (contained in \n-000027f0: 7265 6775 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2066 696c regular. fil\n-00002800: 6573 2920 6a75 7374 2061 7320 6561 7369 es) just as easi\n-00002810: 6c79 2061 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 ly as file syste\n-00002820: 6d73 206f 6e20 626c 6f63 6b20 6465 7669 ms on block devi\n-00002830: 6365 732c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 ces, you can use\n-00002840: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2074 6f20 696e 7370 . it to insp\n-00002850: 6563 7420 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ect any file sys\n-00002860: 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 tem image that G\n-00002870: 5255 4220 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 RUB understands \n-00002880: 7769 7468 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2065 with only. e\n-00002890: 6e6f 7567 6820 7072 6976 696c 6567 6573 nough privileges\n-000028a0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 4655 5345 2c20 6576 to use FUSE, ev\n-000028b0: 656e 2069 6620 6e6f 626f 6479 2068 6173 en if nobody has\n-000028c0: 2079 6574 2077 7269 7474 656e 2061 0a20 yet written a. \n-000028d0: 2020 2020 4655 5345 206d 6f64 756c 6520 FUSE module \n-000028e0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 specifically for\n-000028f0: 2074 6861 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 that file syste\n-00002900: 6d20 7479 7065 2e0a 0a20 2020 5573 696e m type... Usin\n-00002910: 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 g ...grub-mount.\n-00002920: 8099 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 .. is normally a\n-00002930: 7320 7369 6d70 6c65 2061 733a 0a0a 2020 s simple as:.. \n-00002940: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 grub-mount /d\n-00002950: 6576 2f73 6461 3120 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 ev/sda1 /mnt.. \n-00002960: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 ...grub-mount..\n-00002970: 9920 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 . must be given \n-00002980: 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696d 6167 one or more imag\n-00002990: 6573 2061 6e64 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 2070 es and a mount p\n-000029a0: 6f69 6e74 2061 730a 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 oint as.non-opti\n-000029b0: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6966 on arguments (if\n-000029c0: 2069 7420 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 6f72 it is given mor\n-000029d0: 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2069 6d61 6765 e than one image\n-000029e0: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 6561 740a , it will treat.\n-000029f0: 7468 656d 2061 7320 6120 5241 4944 2073 them as a RAID s\n-00002a00: 6574 292c 2061 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 et), and also ac\n-00002a10: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-00002a20: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n-00002a30: 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .--help.... \n-00002a40: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n-00002a50: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n-00002a60: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n-00002a70: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 exit......--vers\n-00002a80: 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e ion.... Prin\n-00002a90: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n-00002aa0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n-00002ab0: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 43e2 8099 exit......-C...\n-00002ac0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6372 7970 746f e280 990a ....--crypto....\n-00002ad0: 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2065 6e63 7279 Mount encry\n-00002ae0: 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7072 pted devices, pr\n-00002af0: 6f6d 7074 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 7061 ompting for a pa\n-00002b00: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2069 6620 6e65 6365 ssphrase if nece\n-00002b10: 7373 6172 792e 0a0a e280 982d 6420 5354 ssary......-d ST\n-00002b20: 5249 4e47 e280 990a e280 982d 2d64 6562 RING.......--deb\n-00002b30: 7567 3d53 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 ug=STRING.... \n-00002b40: 2020 5368 6f77 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 Show debugging\n-00002b50: 206f 7574 7075 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e64 output for cond\n-00002b60: 6974 696f 6e73 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 itions matching \n-00002b70: 5354 5249 4e47 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d4b 2070 STRING......-K p\n-00002b80: 726f 6d70 747c 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 rompt|FILE......\n-00002b90: 982d 2d7a 6673 2d6b 6579 3d70 726f 6d70 .--zfs-key=promp\n-00002ba0: 747c 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 204c t|FILE.... L\n-00002bb0: 6f61 6420 6120 5a46 5320 656e 6372 7970 oad a ZFS encryp\n-00002bc0: 7469 6f6e 206b 6579 2e20 2049 6620 796f tion key. If yo\n-00002bd0: 7520 7573 6520 e280 9870 726f 6d70 74e2 u use ...prompt.\n-00002be0: 8099 2061 7320 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 .. as the argume\n-00002bf0: 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 nt,. ...grub\n-00002c00: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2072 -mount... will r\n-00002c10: 6561 6420 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 ead a passphrase\n-00002c20: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e from the termin\n-00002c30: 616c 3b20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a20 al; otherwise,. \n-00002c40: 2020 2020 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 it will read\n-00002c50: 206b 6579 206d 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6672 key material fr\n-00002c60: 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 om the specified\n-00002c70: 2066 696c 652e 0a0a e280 982d 7220 4445 file......-r DE\n-00002c80: 5649 4345 e280 990a e280 982d 2d72 6f6f VICE.......--roo\n-00002c90: 743d 4445 5649 4345 e280 990a 2020 2020 t=DEVICE.... \n-00002ca0: 2053 6574 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 726f Set the GRUB ro\n-00002cb0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2044 4556 ot device to DEV\n-00002cc0: 4943 452e 2020 596f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 ICE. You do not\n-00002cd0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 normally need t\n-00002ce0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6869 733b o. set this;\n-00002cf0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 ...grub-mount..\n-00002d00: 9920 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 . will automatic\n-00002d10: 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f ally set the roo\n-00002d20: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 t device to. \n-00002d30: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the root of the\n-00002d40: 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2073 supplied file s\n-00002d50: 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 ystem... If \n-00002d60: 4445 5649 4345 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 DEVICE is just a\n-00002d70: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 number, then it\n-00002d80: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 will be treated\n-00002d90: 2061 7320 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a as a partition.\n-00002da0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 7769 7468 number with\n-00002db0: 696e 2074 6865 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 in the supplied \n-00002dc0: 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 image. This mea\n-00002dd0: 6e73 2074 6861 742c 2069 6620 796f 7520 ns that, if you \n-00002de0: 6861 7665 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 have an. ima\n-00002df0: 6765 206f 6620 616e 2065 6e74 6972 6520 ge of an entire \n-00002e00: 6469 736b 2069 6e20 e280 9864 6973 6b2e disk in ...disk.\n-00002e10: 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 img..., then you\n-00002e20: 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6869 730a 2020 can use this. \n-00002e30: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6d6f command to mo\n-00002e40: 756e 7420 6974 7320 7365 636f 6e64 2070 unt its second p\n-00002e50: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 artition:.. \n-00002e60: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 grub-mount \n-00002e70: 2d72 2032 2064 6973 6b2e 696d 6720 6d6f -r 2 disk.img mo\n-00002e80: 756e 742d 706f 696e 740a 0ae2 8098 2d76 unt-point.....-v\n-00002e90: e280 990a e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 .......--verbose\n-00002ea0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 .... Print v\n-00002eb0: 6572 626f 7365 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e erbose messages.\n-00002ec0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00002ed0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f nfo, Node: Invo\n-00002ee0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c king grub-probe,\n-00002ef0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Next: Invoking\n-00002f00: 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 grub-script-che\n-00002f10: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b ck, Prev: Invok\n-00002f20: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 ing grub-mount, \n-00002f30: 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 Up: User-space \n-00002f40: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3720 utilities..24.7 \n-00002f50: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 Invoking grub-pr\n-00002f60: 6f62 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d obe.============\n-00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00002f80: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 e program ...gru\n-00002f90: 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6265 b-probe... probe\n-00002fa0: 7320 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 s device informa\n-00002fb0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e tion for a given\n-00002fc0: 2070 6174 6820 6f72 0a64 6576 6963 652e path or.device.\n-00002fd0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 .. grub-prob\n-00002fe0: 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 e --target=fs /b\n-00002ff0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 6772 oot/grub. gr\n-00003000: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 ub-probe --targe\n-00003010: 743d 6472 6976 6520 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 t=drive --device\n-00003020: 202f 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 20e2 /dev/sda1.. .\n-00003030: 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 ..grub-probe... \n-00003040: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 must be given a \n-00003050: 7061 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 path or device a\n-00003060: 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 s a non-option a\n-00003070: 7267 756d 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 rgument,.and als\n-00003080: 6f20 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f o accepts the fo\n-00003090: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n-000030a0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 .....--help.... \n-000030b0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n-000030c0: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n-000030d0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n-000030e0: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d and exit......--\n-000030f0: 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 version.... \n-00003100: 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f Print the versio\n-00003110: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 n number of GRUB\n-00003120: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n-00003130: 64e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 d.......--device\n-00003140: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 .... If this\n-00003150: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e option is given\n-00003160: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f , then the non-o\n-00003170: 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 ption argument i\n-00003180: 7320 6120 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 s a system. \n-00003190: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 device name (suc\n-000031a0: 6820 6173 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 h as .../dev/sda\n-000031b0: 31e2 8099 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 1...), and ...gr\n-000031c0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c ub-probe... will\n-000031d0: 2070 7269 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f print. info\n-000031e0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 rmation about th\n-000031f0: 6174 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 at device. If i\n-00003200: 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 t is not given, \n-00003210: 7468 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f then the. no\n-00003220: 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e n-option argumen\n-00003230: 7420 6973 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 t is a filesyste\n-00003240: 6d20 7061 7468 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 m path (such as \n-00003250: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 .../boot/grub...\n-00003260: 292c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9867 ),. and ...g\n-00003270: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c rub-probe... wil\n-00003280: 6c20 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 l print informat\n-00003290: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 ion about the de\n-000032a0: 7669 6365 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a vice containing.\n-000032b0: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f that part o\n-000032c0: 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d f the filesystem\n-000032d0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6d 2046 494c 45e2 8099 ......-m FILE...\n-000032e0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 ....--device-map\n-000032f0: 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 =FILE.... 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You c\n+000024a0: 616e 2075 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 636f an use normal co\n+000024b0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f 6c73 mmand-line tools\n+000024c0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 to. compare\n+000024d0: 2074 6861 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 6820 that view with \n+000024e0: 7468 6174 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 that of your ope\n+000024f0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 206d rating system, m\n+00002500: 616b 696e 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6561 aking it. ea\n+00002510: 7379 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 732e sy to find bugs.\n+00002520: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 6f66 6665 .. ... It offe\n+00002530: 7273 2074 7275 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c rs true read-onl\n+00002540: 7920 6d6f 756e 7473 2e20 204c 696e 7578 y mounts. Linux\n+00002550: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 does not have t\n+00002560: 6865 7365 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6a6f hese for. jo\n+00002570: 7572 6e61 6c6c 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 urnalling file s\n+00002580: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 ystems, because \n+00002590: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 616c 7761 7973 2061 it will always a\n+000025a0: 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7265 706c 6179 ttempt to replay\n+000025b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6a6f 7572 6e61 . the journa\n+000025c0: 6c20 6174 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 696d 653b l at mount time;\n+000025d0: 2077 6869 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2074 while you can t\n+000025e0: 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 206d 6172 6b20 emporarily mark \n+000025f0: 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2064 the block. d\n+00002600: 6576 6963 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 evice read-only \n+00002610: 746f 2061 766f 6964 2074 6869 732c 2074 to avoid this, t\n+00002620: 6861 7420 6361 7573 6573 2074 6865 206d hat causes the m\n+00002630: 6f75 6e74 2074 6f20 6661 696c 2e0a 2020 ount to fail.. \n+00002640: 2020 2053 696e 6365 2047 5255 4220 696e Since GRUB in\n+00002650: 7465 6e74 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 636f 6e74 tentionally cont\n+00002660: 6169 6e73 206e 6f20 636f 6465 2066 6f72 ains no code for\n+00002670: 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6669 6c65 writing to file\n+00002680: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 . systems, i\n+00002690: 7420 6361 6e20 6561 7369 6c79 2070 726f t can easily pro\n+000026a0: 7669 6465 2061 2067 7561 7261 6e74 6565 vide a guarantee\n+000026b0: 6420 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e d read-only moun\n+000026c0: 740a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d t. mechanism\n+000026d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 2061 6c6c ... ... It all\n+000026e0: 6f77 7320 796f 7520 746f 2065 7861 6d69 ows you to exami\n+000026f0: 6e65 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 ne any file syst\n+00002700: 656d 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 em that GRUB und\n+00002710: 6572 7374 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 erstands. wi\n+00002720: 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f thout needing to\n+00002730: 206c 6f61 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c load additional\n+00002740: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 796f modules into yo\n+00002750: 7572 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 ur running. \n+00002760: 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 kernel, which ma\n+00002770: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 y be useful in c\n+00002780: 6f6e 7374 7261 696e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 onstrained envir\n+00002790: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a onments such as.\n+000027a0: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 732e installers.\n+000027b0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 696e 6365 2069 .. ... 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Using\n+00002910: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 ...grub-mount..\n+00002920: 9920 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6173 . is normally as\n+00002930: 2073 696d 706c 6520 6173 3a0a 0a20 2020 simple as:.. \n+00002940: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202f 6465 grub-mount /de\n+00002950: 762f 7364 6131 202f 6d6e 740a 0a20 2020 v/sda1 /mnt.. \n+00002960: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...grub-mount...\n+00002970: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 206f must be given o\n+00002980: 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 ne or more image\n+00002990: 7320 616e 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 706f s and a mount po\n+000029a0: 696e 7420 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f int as.non-optio\n+000029b0: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 6620 n arguments (if \n+000029c0: 6974 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f 7265 it is given more\n+000029d0: 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 652c than one image,\n+000029e0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 0a74 it will treat.t\n+000029f0: 6865 6d20 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 7365 hem as a RAID se\n+00002a00: 7429 2c20 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 t), and also acc\n+00002a10: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n+00002a20: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 ng options:.....\n+00002a30: 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 --help.... P\n+00002a40: 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f rint a summary o\n+00002a50: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 f the command-li\n+00002a60: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 ne options and e\n+00002a70: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 xit......--versi\n+00002a80: 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 on.... Print\n+00002a90: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n+00002aa0: 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 ber of GRUB and \n+00002ab0: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d43 e280 990a exit......-C....\n+00002ac0: e280 982d 2d63 7279 7074 6fe2 8099 0a20 ...--crypto.... \n+00002ad0: 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 7970 Mount encryp\n+00002ae0: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 726f ted devices, pro\n+00002af0: 6d70 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 6173 mpting for a pas\n+00002b00: 7370 6872 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 6573 sphrase if neces\n+00002b10: 7361 7279 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 2053 5452 sary......-d STR\n+00002b20: 494e 47e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 6275 ING.......--debu\n+00002b30: 673d 5354 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 g=STRING.... \n+00002b40: 2053 686f 7720 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 Show debugging \n+00002b50: 6f75 7470 7574 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 6469 output for condi\n+00002b60: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2053 tions matching S\n+00002b70: 5452 494e 472e 0a0a e280 982d 4b20 7072 TRING......-K pr\n+00002b80: 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 ompt|FILE.......\n+00002b90: 2d2d 7a66 732d 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d 7074 --zfs-key=prompt\n+00002ba0: 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f |FILE.... Lo\n+00002bb0: 6164 2061 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 7074 ad a ZFS encrypt\n+00002bc0: 696f 6e20 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ion key. If you\n+00002bd0: 2075 7365 20e2 8098 7072 6f6d 7074 e280 use ...prompt..\n+00002be0: 9920 6173 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e . as the argumen\n+00002bf0: 742c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d t,. ...grub-\n+00002c00: 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7265 mount... will re\n+00002c10: 6164 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 ad a passphrase \n+00002c20: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 from the termina\n+00002c30: 6c3b 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 2020 l; otherwise,. \n+00002c40: 2020 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 it will read \n+00002c50: 6b65 7920 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2066 726f key material fro\n+00002c60: 6d20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 m the specified \n+00002c70: 6669 6c65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d72 2044 4556 file......-r DEV\n+00002c80: 4943 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6f74 ICE.......--root\n+00002c90: 3d44 4556 4943 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 =DEVICE.... \n+00002ca0: 5365 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 6f6f Set the GRUB roo\n+00002cb0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 5649 t device to DEVI\n+00002cc0: 4345 2e20 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 CE. You do not \n+00002cd0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f normally need to\n+00002ce0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 3b20 . set this; \n+00002cf0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...grub-mount...\n+00002d00: 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 will automatica\n+00002d10: 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 lly set the root\n+00002d20: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 device to. \n+00002d30: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 the root of the \n+00002d40: 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2066 696c 6520 7379 supplied file sy\n+00002d50: 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2044 stem... If D\n+00002d60: 4556 4943 4520 6973 206a 7573 7420 6120 EVICE is just a \n+00002d70: 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 number, then it \n+00002d80: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 will be treated \n+00002d90: 6173 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 as a partition. \n+00002da0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2077 6974 6869 number withi\n+00002db0: 6e20 7468 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2069 n the supplied i\n+00002dc0: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e mage. This mean\n+00002dd0: 7320 7468 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 s that, if you h\n+00002de0: 6176 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 ave an. imag\n+00002df0: 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 656e 7469 7265 2064 e of an entire d\n+00002e00: 6973 6b20 696e 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2e69 isk in ...disk.i\n+00002e10: 6d67 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 mg..., then you \n+00002e20: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6973 0a20 2020 can use this. \n+00002e30: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 206d 6f75 command to mou\n+00002e40: 6e74 2069 7473 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 7061 nt its second pa\n+00002e50: 7274 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 rtition:.. \n+00002e60: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202d grub-mount -\n+00002e70: 7220 3220 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 206d 6f75 r 2 disk.img mou\n+00002e80: 6e74 2d70 6f69 6e74 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 nt-point.....-v.\n+00002e90: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 ......--verbose.\n+00002ea0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 ... Print ve\n+00002eb0: 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a rbose messages..\n+00002ec0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00002ed0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+00002ee0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 ing grub-probe, \n+00002ef0: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Next: Invoking \n+00002f00: 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 grub-script-chec\n+00002f10: 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 k, Prev: Invoki\n+00002f20: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 ng grub-mount, \n+00002f30: 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 Up: User-space u\n+00002f40: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e37 2049 tilities..24.7 I\n+00002f50: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f nvoking grub-pro\n+00002f60: 6265 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d be.=============\n+00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00002f80: 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 program ...grub\n+00002f90: 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7072 6f62 6573 -probe... probes\n+00002fa0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 device informat\n+00002fb0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 ion for a given \n+00002fc0: 7061 7468 206f 720a 6465 7669 6365 2e0a path or.device..\n+00002fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 . grub-probe\n+00002fe0: 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6673 202f 626f --target=fs /bo\n+00002ff0: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2067 7275 ot/grub. gru\n+00003000: 622d 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 b-probe --target\n+00003010: 3d64 7269 7665 202d 2d64 6576 6963 6520 =drive --device \n+00003020: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 310a 0a20 2020 e280 /dev/sda1.. ..\n+00003030: 9867 7275 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 206d .grub-probe... m\n+00003040: 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 2070 ust be given a p\n+00003050: 6174 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 ath or device as\n+00003060: 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 a non-option ar\n+00003070: 6775 6d65 6e74 2c0a 616e 6420 616c 736f gument,.and also\n+00003080: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n+00003090: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n+000030a0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 ....--help.... \n+000030b0: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 Print a summa\n+000030c0: 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ry of the comman\n+000030d0: 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 d-line options a\n+000030e0: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 nd exit......--v\n+000030f0: 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 ersion.... P\n+00003100: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e rint the version\n+00003110: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 number of GRUB \n+00003120: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 and exit......-d\n+00003130: e280 990a e280 982d 2d64 6576 6963 65e2 .......--device.\n+00003140: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 ... If this \n+00003150: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c option is given,\n+00003160: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 then the non-op\n+00003170: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 tion argument is\n+00003180: 2061 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2064 a system. d\n+00003190: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 7375 6368 evice name (such\n+000031a0: 2061 7320 e280 982f 6465 762f 7364 6131 as .../dev/sda1\n+000031b0: e280 9929 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 ...), and ...gru\n+000031c0: 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 b-probe... will \n+000031d0: 7072 696e 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 print. infor\n+000031e0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 6861 mation about tha\n+000031f0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2049 6620 6974 t device. If it\n+00003200: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 is not given, t\n+00003210: 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e hen the. non\n+00003220: 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 -option argument\n+00003230: 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d is a filesystem\n+00003240: 2070 6174 6820 2873 7563 6820 6173 20e2 path (such as .\n+00003250: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9929 ../boot/grub...)\n+00003260: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 ,. and ...gr\n+00003270: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c ub-probe... will\n+00003280: 2070 7269 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 print informati\n+00003290: 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 2064 6576 on about the dev\n+000032a0: 6963 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0a20 ice containing. \n+000032b0: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2070 6172 7420 6f66 that part of\n+000032c0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e the filesystem.\n+000032d0: 0a0a e280 982d 6d20 4649 4c45 e280 990a .....-m FILE....\n+000032e0: e280 982d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 703d ...--device-map=\n+000032f0: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 FILE.... Use\n+00003300: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 2064 6576 FILE as the dev\n+00003310: 6963 6520 6d61 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 ice map (*note D\n+00003320: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2072 6174 evice map::) rat\n+00003330: 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 her than the. \n+00003340: 2020 6465 6661 756c 742c 2075 7375 616c default, usual\n+00003350: 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ly .../boot/grub\n+00003360: 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2e0a /device.map.....\n+00003370: 0ae2 8098 2d74 2054 4152 4745 54e2 8099 ....-t TARGET...\n+00003380: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d54 4152 ....--target=TAR\n+00003390: 4745 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e GET.... Prin\n+000033a0: 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 t information ab\n+000033b0: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7061 out the given pa\n+000033c0: 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 th or device as \n+000033d0: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 defined by. \n+000033e0: 5441 5247 4554 2e20 2054 6865 2061 7661 TARGET. The ava\n+000033f0: 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 ilable targets a\n+00003400: 6e64 2074 6865 6972 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 nd their meaning\n+00003410: 7320 6172 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 s are:.. ...\n+00003420: 6673 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fs.... \n+00003430: 4752 5542 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 GRUB filesystem \n+00003440: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 module.. ...\n+00003450: 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 fs_uuid.... \n+00003460: 2020 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 Filesystem \n+00003470: 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 7920 556e 6971 Universally Uniq\n+00003480: 7565 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 2855 ue Identifier (U\n+00003490: 5549 4429 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 UID).. ...fs\n+000034a0: 5f6c 6162 656c e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 _label.... \n+000034b0: 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c Filesystem l\n+000034c0: 6162 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6472 abel.. ...dr\n+000034d0: 6976 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ive.... \n+000034e0: 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d GRUB device nam\n+000034f0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6576 6963 e.. ...devic\n+00003500: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 e.... S\n+00003510: 7973 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d ystem device nam\n+00003520: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9870 6172 746d e.. ...partm\n+00003530: 6170 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ap.... \n+00003540: 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d GRUB partition m\n+00003550: 6170 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 ap module.. \n+00003560: e280 9861 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e e280 ...abstraction..\n+00003570: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 .. GRUB\n+00003580: 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 abstraction mod\n+00003590: 756c 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6c76 ule (e.g. ...lv\n+000035a0: 6de2 8099 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 m...).. ...c\n+000035b0: 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b5f 7575 6964 e280 ryptodisk_uuid..\n+000035c0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4372 7970 .. Cryp\n+000035d0: 746f 2064 6576 6963 6520 5555 4944 2e0a to device UUID..\n+000035e0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d73 646f 735f 7061 ...msdos_pa\n+000035f0: 7274 7479 7065 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 rttype.... \n+00003600: 2020 2020 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f MBR partitio\n+00003610: 6e20 7479 7065 2063 6f64 6520 2874 776f n type code (two\n+00003620: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 hexadecimal dig\n+00003630: 6974 7329 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 its).. ...hi\n+00003640: 6e74 735f 7374 7269 6e67 e280 990a 2020 nts_string.... \n+00003650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 A string\n+00003660: 206f 6620 706c 6174 666f 726d 2073 6561 of platform sea\n+00003670: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 7375 6974 6162 rch hints suitab\n+00003680: 6c65 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7369 6e67 2074 le for passing t\n+00003690: 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o the. \n+000036a0: e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 6f6d ...search... com\n+000036b0: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 mand (*note sear\n+000036c0: 6368 3a3a 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 ch::).. ...b\n+000036d0: 696f 735f 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 ios_hints.... \n+000036e0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 Search hi\n+000036f0: 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2042 nts for the PC B\n+00003700: 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 IOS platform.. \n+00003710: 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 5f68 ...ieee1275_h\n+00003720: 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints.... \n+00003730: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+00003740: 6f72 2074 6865 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 or the IEEE1275 \n+00003750: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 platform.. .\n+00003760: 8098 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c5f 6869 6e74 ..baremetal_hint\n+00003770: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 s.... S\n+00003780: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n+00003790: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7768 6572 6520 platforms where \n+000037a0: 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6164 6472 6573 disks are addres\n+000037b0: 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 sed directly. \n+000037c0: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 rather th\n+000037d0: 616e 2076 6961 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e an via firmware.\n+000037e0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 6669 5f68 696e . ...efi_hin\n+000037f0: 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ts.... \n+00003800: 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 Search hints for\n+00003810: 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 the EFI platfor\n+00003820: 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 7263 5f68 m.. ...arc_h\n+00003830: 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints.... \n+00003840: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+00003850: 6f72 2074 6865 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 or the ARC platf\n+00003860: 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f6d orm.. ...com\n+00003870: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 5f68 696e 74e2 patibility_hint.\n+00003880: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 2067 ... A g\n+00003890: 7565 7373 2061 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e uess at a reason\n+000038a0: 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 6472 6976 6520 able GRUB drive \n+000038b0: 6e61 6d65 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 6465 name for this de\n+000038c0: 7669 6365 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 vice, which. \n+000038d0: 2020 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 may be use\n+000038e0: 6420 6173 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 d as a fallback \n+000038f0: 6966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 if the ...search\n+00003900: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6661 696c ... command fail\n+00003910: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6973 6be2 s.. ...disk.\n+00003920: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7973 ... Sys\n+00003930: 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 tem device name \n+00003940: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 for the whole di\n+00003950: 736b 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 sk......-v......\n+00003960: 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 .--verbose.... \n+00003970: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f 7365 Print verbose\n+00003980: 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 messages.....Fi\n+00003990: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000039a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n+000039b0: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n+000039c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Prev: Invokin\n+000039d0: 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2055 g grub-probe, U\n+000039e0: 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 p: User-space ut\n+000039f0: 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3820 496e ilities..24.8 In\n+00003a00: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 voking grub-scri\n+00003a10: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d pt-check.=======\n 00003a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n-00003a40: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 rogram ...grub-s\n-00003a50: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2074 cript-check... t\n-00003a60: 616b 6573 2061 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 akes a GRUB scri\n-00003a70: 7074 2066 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 0a53 pt file (*note.S\n-00003a80: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n-00003a90: 696e 673a 3a29 2061 6e64 2063 6865 636b ing::) and check\n-00003aa0: 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 s it for syntax \n-00003ab0: 6572 726f 7273 2c20 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 errors, similar \n-00003ac0: 746f 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 to.commands such\n-00003ad0: 2061 7320 e280 9873 6820 2d6e e280 992e as ...sh -n....\n-00003ae0: 2020 4974 206d 6179 2074 616b 6520 6120 It may take a \n-00003af0: 5041 5448 2061 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 PATH as a non-op\n-00003b00: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 743b 0a69 tion argument;.i\n-00003b10: 6620 6e6f 6e65 2069 7320 7375 7070 6c69 f none is suppli\n-00003b20: 6564 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 ed, it will read\n-00003b30: 2066 726f 6d20 7374 616e 6461 7264 2069 from standard i\n-00003b40: 6e70 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 nput... grub\n-00003b50: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b20 2f62 -script-check /b\n-00003b60: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n-00003b70: 670a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 g.. ...grub-sc\n-00003b80: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6163 ript-check... ac\n-00003b90: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-00003ba0: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n-00003bb0: 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .--help.... \n-00003bc0: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n-00003bd0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n-00003be0: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n-00003bf0: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 exit......--vers\n-00003c00: 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e ion.... Prin\n-00003c10: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n-00003c20: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n-00003c30: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 exit......-v...\n-00003c40: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 ....--verbose...\n-00003c50: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6561 6368 . Print each\n-00003c60: 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2061 line of input a\n-00003c70: 6674 6572 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 742e fter reading it.\n-00003c80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00003c90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 nfo, Node: Obta\n-00003ca0: 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 ining and Buildi\n-00003cb0: 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ng GRUB, Next: \n-00003cc0: 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 Reporting bugs, \n-00003cd0: 2050 7265 763a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 Prev: User-spac\n-00003ce0: 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 5570 e utilities, Up\n-00003cf0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 : Top..Appendix \n-00003d00: 4120 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 A How to obtain \n-00003d10: 616e 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a and build GRUB.*\n+00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n+00003a40: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 ogram ...grub-sc\n+00003a50: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 7461 ript-check... ta\n+00003a60: 6b65 7320 6120 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 kes a GRUB scrip\n+00003a70: 7420 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 5368 t file (*note.Sh\n+00003a80: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n+00003a90: 6e67 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 6368 6563 6b73 ng::) and checks\n+00003aa0: 2069 7420 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 it for syntax e\n+00003ab0: 7272 6f72 732c 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 rrors, similar t\n+00003ac0: 6f0a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 6820 o.commands such \n+00003ad0: 6173 20e2 8098 7368 202d 6ee2 8099 2e20 as ...sh -n.... \n+00003ae0: 2049 7420 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 2050 It may take a P\n+00003af0: 4154 4820 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 ATH as a non-opt\n+00003b00: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a 6966 ion argument;.if\n+00003b10: 206e 6f6e 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c 6965 none is supplie\n+00003b20: 642c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 d, it will read \n+00003b30: 6672 6f6d 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e from standard in\n+00003b40: 7075 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d put... grub-\n+00003b50: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f 626f script-check /bo\n+00003b60: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n+00003b70: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 .. ...grub-scr\n+00003b80: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2061 6363 ipt-check... acc\n+00003b90: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n+00003ba0: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 ng options:.....\n+00003bb0: 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 --help.... P\n+00003bc0: 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f rint a summary o\n+00003bd0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 f the command-li\n+00003be0: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 ne options and e\n+00003bf0: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 xit......--versi\n+00003c00: 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 on.... Print\n+00003c10: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n+00003c20: 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 ber of GRUB and \n+00003c30: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a exit......-v....\n+00003c40: e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a ...--verbose....\n+00003c50: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2065 6163 6820 Print each \n+00003c60: 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6166 line of input af\n+00003c70: 7465 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 2e0a ter reading it..\n+00003c80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00003c90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 fo, Node: Obtai\n+00003ca0: 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e ning and Buildin\n+00003cb0: 6720 4752 5542 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 g GRUB, Next: R\n+00003cc0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 eporting bugs, \n+00003cd0: 5072 6576 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Prev: User-space\n+00003ce0: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2055 703a utilities, Up:\n+00003cf0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 Top..Appendix A\n+00003d00: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 How to obtain a\n+00003d10: 6e64 2062 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a 2a2a nd build GRUB.**\n 00003d20: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00003d30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00003d40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4361 ******.. *Ca\n-00003d50: 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 4752 5542 2072 6571 ution:* GRUB req\n-00003d60: 7569 7265 7320 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2d32 uires binutils-2\n-00003d70: 2e39 2e31 2e30 2e32 3320 6f72 206c 6174 .9.1.0.23 or lat\n-00003d80: 6572 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 er because the. \n-00003d90: 2020 2020 474e 5520 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 GNU assemble\n-00003da0: 7220 6861 7320 6265 656e 2063 6861 6e67 r has been chang\n-00003db0: 6564 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 ed so that it ca\n-00003dc0: 6e20 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7265 616c 2031 n produce real 1\n-00003dd0: 3662 6974 730a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6bits. machi\n-00003de0: 6e65 2063 6f64 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 ne code between \n-00003df0: 322e 392e 3120 616e 6420 322e 392e 312e 2.9.1 and 2.9.1.\n-00003e00: 302e 782e 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 0.x. See. <\n-00003e10: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6f75 7263 6573 2e72 http://sources.r\n-00003e20: 6564 6861 742e 636f 6d2f 6269 6e75 7469 edhat.com/binuti\n-00003e30: 6c73 2f3e 2c20 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 ls/>, to obtain \n-00003e40: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2068 information on h\n-00003e50: 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2067 6574 2074 ow. to get t\n-00003e60: 6865 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f he latest versio\n-00003e70: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 n... GRUB is a\n-00003e80: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 vailable from th\n-00003e90: 6520 474e 5520 616c 7068 6120 6172 6368 e GNU alpha arch\n-00003ea0: 6976 6520 7369 7465 0a3c 6674 703a 2f2f ive site. or any of \n-00003ed0: 6974 7320 6d69 7272 6f72 732e 2020 5468 its mirrors. Th\n-00003ee0: 6520 6669 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a6e e file will be.n\n-00003ef0: 616d 6564 2067 7275 622d 7665 7273 696f amed grub-versio\n-00003f00: 6e2e 7461 722e 677a 2e20 2054 6865 2063 n.tar.gz. The c\n-00003f10: 7572 7265 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 urrent version i\n-00003f20: 7320 322e 3132 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 s 2.12, so the f\n-00003f30: 696c 6520 796f 750a 7368 6f75 6c64 2067 ile you.should g\n-00003f40: 7261 6220 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 3c66 7470 rab is:.. .. To\n-00003f80: 2075 6e62 756e 646c 6520 4752 5542 2075 unbundle GRUB u\n-00003f90: 7365 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 se the instructi\n-00003fa0: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7a63 6174 2067 on:.. zcat g\n-00003fb0: 7275 622d 322e 3132 2e74 6172 2e67 7a20 rub-2.12.tar.gz \n-00003fc0: 7c20 7461 7220 7876 6620 2d0a 0a20 2020 | tar xvf -.. \n-00003fd0: 7768 6963 6820 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 which will creat\n-00003fe0: 6520 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6361 e a directory ca\n-00003ff0: 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 lled ...grub-2.1\n-00004000: 32e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 7468 2... with all th\n-00004010: 650a 736f 7572 6365 732e 2020 596f 7520 e.sources. You \n-00004020: 6361 6e20 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 can look at the \n-00004030: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 494e 5354 414c 4ce2 file ...INSTALL.\n-00004040: 8099 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 .. for detailed \n-00004050: 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 0a6f 6e20 instructions.on \n-00004060: 686f 7720 746f 2062 7569 6c64 2061 6e64 how to build and\n-00004070: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 2062 install GRUB, b\n-00004080: 7574 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 ut you should be\n-00004090: 2061 626c 6520 746f 206a 7573 7420 646f able to just do\n-000040a0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6364 2067 7275 622d :.. cd grub-\n-000040b0: 322e 3132 0a20 2020 2020 2e2f 636f 6e66 2.12. ./conf\n-000040c0: 6967 7572 650a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 igure. make \n-000040d0: 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 0a20 2020 416c 736f install.. Also\n-000040e0: 2c20 7468 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 , the latest ver\n-000040f0: 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c sion is availabl\n-00004100: 6520 7573 696e 6720 4769 742e 2020 5365 e using Git. Se\n-00004110: 650a 3c68 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e e. for more\n-00004150: 0a69 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f .information....\n-00004160: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00004170: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 , Node: Reporti\n-00004180: 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ng bugs, Next: \n-00004190: 4675 7475 7265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f Future, Prev: O\n-000041a0: 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 btaining and Bui\n-000041b0: 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a lding GRUB, Up:\n-000041c0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2042 Top..Appendix B\n-000041d0: 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 730a Reporting bugs.\n+00003d40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 6175 *****.. *Cau\n+00003d50: 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 tion:* GRUB requ\n+00003d60: 6972 6573 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d 322e ires binutils-2.\n+00003d70: 392e 312e 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 7465 9.1.0.23 or late\n+00003d80: 7220 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 r because the. \n+00003d90: 2020 2047 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c 6572 GNU assembler\n+00003da0: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e 6765 has been change\n+00003db0: 6420 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e d so that it can\n+00003dc0: 2070 726f 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 3136 produce real 16\n+00003dd0: 6269 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e bits. machin\n+00003de0: 6520 636f 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e 2032 e code between 2\n+00003df0: 2e39 2e31 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2e30 .9.1 and 2.9.1.0\n+00003e00: 2e78 2e20 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 3c68 .x. See. , to obtain i\n+00003e40: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 686f nformation on ho\n+00003e50: 770a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 7468 w. to get th\n+00003e60: 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e e latest version\n+00003e70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6176 ... GRUB is av\n+00003e80: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 ailable from the\n+00003e90: 2047 4e55 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 6869 GNU alpha archi\n+00003ea0: 7665 2073 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 ve site. or any of i\n+00003ed0: 7473 206d 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 ts mirrors. The\n+00003ee0: 2066 696c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 6e61 file will be.na\n+00003ef0: 6d65 6420 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e med grub-version\n+00003f00: 2e74 6172 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 .tar.gz. The cu\n+00003f10: 7272 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 rrent version is\n+00003f20: 2032 2e31 322c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 2.12, so the fi\n+00003f30: 6c65 2079 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6772 le you.should gr\n+00003f40: 6162 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 703a ab is:.. .. To \n+00003f80: 756e 6275 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7573 unbundle GRUB us\n+00003f90: 6520 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f e the instructio\n+00003fa0: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 6772 n:.. zcat gr\n+00003fb0: 7562 2d32 2e31 322e 7461 722e 677a 207c ub-2.12.tar.gz |\n+00003fc0: 2074 6172 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 2077 tar xvf -.. w\n+00003fd0: 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 hich will create\n+00003fe0: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 616c a directory cal\n+00003ff0: 6c65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 322e 3132 led ...grub-2.12\n+00004000: e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 ... with all the\n+00004010: 0a73 6f75 7263 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 .sources. You c\n+00004020: 616e 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6865 2066 an look at the f\n+00004030: 696c 6520 e280 9849 4e53 5441 4c4c e280 ile ...INSTALL..\n+00004040: 9920 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 6564 2069 . for detailed i\n+00004050: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2068 nstructions.on h\n+00004060: 6f77 2074 6f20 6275 696c 6420 616e 6420 ow to build and \n+00004070: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 install GRUB, bu\n+00004080: 7420 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 t you should be \n+00004090: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2064 6f3a able to just do:\n+000040a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2063 6420 6772 7562 2d32 .. cd grub-2\n+000040b0: 2e31 320a 2020 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 .12. ./confi\n+000040c0: 6775 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 gure. make i\n+000040d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c nstall.. Also,\n+000040e0: 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 the latest vers\n+000040f0: 696f 6e20 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ion is available\n+00004100: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 6974 2e20 2053 6565 using Git. See\n+00004110: 0a3c 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 . for more.\n+00004150: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n+00004160: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00004170: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e Node: Reportin\n+00004180: 6720 6275 6773 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 g bugs, Next: F\n+00004190: 7574 7572 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4f62 uture, Prev: Ob\n+000041a0: 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c taining and Buil\n+000041b0: 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 ding GRUB, Up: \n+000041c0: 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4220 Top..Appendix B \n+000041d0: 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 0a2a Reporting bugs.*\n 000041e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 7365 *********..These\n-00004200: 2061 7265 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 are the guideli\n-00004210: 6e65 2066 6f72 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 ne for how to re\n-00004220: 706f 7274 2062 7567 732e 2020 5461 6b65 port bugs. Take\n-00004230: 2061 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6869 730a a look at this.\n-00004240: 6c69 7374 2062 656c 6f77 2062 6566 6f72 list below befor\n-00004250: 6520 796f 7520 7375 626d 6974 2062 7567 e you submit bug\n-00004260: 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2042 6566 6f72 6520 s:.. 1. Before \n-00004270: 6765 7474 696e 6720 756e 7365 7474 6c65 getting unsettle\n-00004280: 642c 2072 6561 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e d, read this man\n-00004290: 7561 6c20 7468 726f 7567 6820 616e 6420 ual through and \n-000042a0: 7468 726f 7567 682e 0a20 2020 2020 416c through.. Al\n-000042b0: 736f 2c20 7365 6520 7468 6520 474e 5520 so, see the GNU \n-000042c0: 4752 5542 2046 4151 0a20 2020 2020 2868 GRUB FAQ. (h\n-000042d0: 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 ttp://www.gnu.or\n-000042e0: 672f 736f 6674 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f g/software/grub/\n-000042f0: 6772 7562 2d66 6171 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a grub-faq.html)..\n-00004300: 0a20 2032 2e20 416c 7761 7973 206d 656e . 2. Always men\n-00004310: 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 tion the informa\n-00004320: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2047 5255 tion on your GRU\n-00004330: 422e 2054 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e B. The version n\n-00004340: 756d 6265 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 umber and. t\n-00004350: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he configuration\n-00004360: 2061 7265 2071 7569 7465 2069 6d70 6f72 are quite impor\n-00004370: 7461 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6275 tant. If you bu\n-00004380: 696c 6420 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662c ild it yourself,\n-00004390: 0a20 2020 2020 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 . write the \n-000043a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 options specifie\n-000043b0: 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 d to the configu\n-000043c0: 7265 2073 6372 6970 7420 616e 6420 796f re script and yo\n-000043d0: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e ur. operatin\n-000043e0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 696e 636c 7564 g system, includ\n-000043f0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e73 ing the versions\n-00004400: 206f 6620 6763 6320 616e 6420 6269 6e75 of gcc and binu\n-00004410: 7469 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 tils... 3. If y\n-00004420: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7472 6f75 626c 6520 ou have trouble \n-00004430: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c with the install\n-00004440: 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d20 7573 ation, inform us\n-00004450: 206f 6620 686f 7720 796f 750a 2020 2020 of how you. \n-00004460: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2047 5255 422e installed GRUB.\n-00004470: 2044 6f6e 2774 206f 6d69 7420 6572 726f Don't omit erro\n-00004480: 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 6966 2061 r messages, if a\n-00004490: 6e79 2e20 204a 7573 7420 e280 9847 5255 ny. Just ...GRU\n-000044a0: 420a 2020 2020 2068 616e 6773 2075 7020 B. hangs up \n-000044b0: 7768 656e 2069 7420 626f 6f74 73e2 8099 when it boots...\n-000044c0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 656e 6f75 6768 2e0a is not enough..\n-000044d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 696e 666f 726d . The inform\n-000044e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 ation on your ha\n-000044f0: 7264 7761 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 2065 rdware is also e\n-00004500: 7373 656e 7469 616c 2e20 2054 6865 7365 ssential. These\n-00004510: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6573 7065 6369 are. especi\n-00004520: 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 3a20 ally important: \n-00004530: 7468 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7269 6573 2061 the geometries a\n-00004540: 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e nd the partition\n-00004550: 2074 6162 6c65 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 tables of. \n-00004560: 796f 7572 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 your hard disk d\n-00004570: 7269 7665 7320 616e 6420 796f 7572 2042 rives and your B\n-00004580: 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 342e 2049 6620 4752 IOS... 4. If GR\n-00004590: 5542 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 2079 UB cannot boot y\n-000045a0: 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 our operating sy\n-000045b0: 7374 656d 2c20 7772 6974 6520 646f 776e stem, write down\n-000045c0: 205f 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 5f0a 2020 _everything_. \n-000045d0: 2020 2079 6f75 2073 6565 206f 6e20 7468 you see on th\n-000045e0: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2044 6f6e 2774 e screen. Don't\n-000045f0: 2070 6172 6170 6872 6173 6520 7468 656d paraphrase them\n-00004600: 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 5468 6520 666f , like ...The fo\n-00004610: 6f20 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 o OS. crashe\n-00004620: 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2065 7665 s with GRUB, eve\n-00004630: 6e20 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 6361 6e20 n though it can \n-00004640: 626f 6f74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 boot with the ba\n-00004650: 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2020 r boot loader. \n-00004660: 2020 206a 7573 7420 6669 6e65 e280 992e just fine....\n-00004670: 2020 4d65 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 636f Mention the co\n-00004680: 6d6d 616e 6473 2079 6f75 2065 7865 6375 mmands you execu\n-00004690: 7465 642c 2074 6865 206d 6573 7361 6765 ted, the message\n-000046a0: 730a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 s. printed b\n-000046b0: 7920 7468 656d 2c20 616e 6420 696e 666f y them, and info\n-000046c0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 rmation on your \n-000046d0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-000046e0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 including. \n-000046f0: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n-00004700: 6572 2e0a 0a20 2035 2e20 4578 706c 6169 er... 5. Explai\n-00004710: 6e20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7465 n what you wante\n-00004720: 6420 746f 2064 6f2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 d to do. It is \n-00004730: 7665 7279 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 206b very useful to k\n-00004740: 6e6f 7720 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7075 now your. pu\n-00004750: 7270 6f73 6520 616e 6420 796f 7572 2077 rpose and your w\n-00004760: 6973 682c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2047 5255 ish, and how GRU\n-00004770: 4220 6469 646e 2774 2073 6174 6973 6679 B didn't satisfy\n-00004780: 2079 6f75 2e0a 0a20 2036 2e20 4966 2079 you... 6. If y\n-00004790: 6f75 2063 616e 2069 6e76 6573 7469 6761 ou can investiga\n-000047a0: 7465 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 te the problem y\n-000047b0: 6f75 7273 656c 662c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 ourself, please \n-000047c0: 646f 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 do. That will. \n-000047d0: 2020 2020 6769 7665 2079 6f75 2061 6e64 give you and\n-000047e0: 2075 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 696e us much more in\n-000047f0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 formation on the\n-00004800: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e20 2041 7474 6163 problem. Attac\n-00004810: 6869 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 hing a. patc\n-00004820: 6820 6973 2065 7665 6e20 6265 7474 6572 h is even better\n-00004830: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2079 6f75 ... When you\n-00004840: 2061 7474 6163 6820 6120 7061 7463 682c attach a patch,\n-00004850: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7463 6820 make the patch \n-00004860: 696e 2075 6e69 6669 6564 2064 6966 6620 in unified diff \n-00004870: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 format, and. \n-00004880: 2077 7269 7465 2043 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 write ChangeLog\n-00004890: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2c20 entries. But, \n-000048a0: 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 even when you ma\n-000048b0: 6b65 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 646f 6e27 ke a patch, don'\n-000048c0: 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6765 7420 746f t. forget to\n-000048d0: 2065 7870 6c61 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f explain the pro\n-000048e0: 626c 656d 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 7765 blem, so that we\n-000048f0: 2063 616e 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 can understand \n-00004900: 7768 6174 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 what your. p\n-00004910: 6174 6368 2069 7320 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 atch is for... \n-00004920: 372e 2057 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 616e 7. Write down an\n-00004930: 7974 6869 6e67 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 ything that you \n-00004940: 7468 696e 6b20 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2072 think might be r\n-00004950: 656c 6174 6564 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 650a elated. Please.\n-00004960: 2020 2020 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 understand \n-00004970: 7468 6174 2077 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6e65 that we often ne\n-00004980: 6564 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6520 ed to reproduce \n-00004990: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f 626c 656d the same problem\n-000049a0: 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636f 756e you. encoun\n-000049b0: 7465 7265 6420 696e 206f 7572 2065 6e76 tered in our env\n-000049c0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 2053 6f20 796f ironment. So yo\n-000049d0: 7572 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2073 ur information s\n-000049e0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 hould be. su\n-000049f0: 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2066 6f72 2075 7320 fficient for us \n-00004a00: 746f 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 to do the same t\n-00004a10: 6869 6e67 2d2d 446f 6e27 7420 666f 7267 hing--Don't forg\n-00004a20: 6574 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e 6e6f et that we canno\n-00004a30: 740a 2020 2020 2073 6565 2079 6f75 7220 t. see your \n-00004a40: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c computer directl\n-00004a50: 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e y. If you are n\n-00004a60: 6f74 2073 7572 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 ot sure whether \n-00004a70: 746f 2073 7461 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 to state a. \n-00004a80: 6661 6374 206f 7220 6c65 6176 6520 6974 fact or leave it\n-00004a90: 206f 7574 2c20 7374 6174 6520 6974 2120 out, state it! \n-00004aa0: 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6f6f 206d Reporting too m\n-00004ab0: 616e 7920 7468 696e 6773 2069 7320 6d75 any things is mu\n-00004ac0: 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 ch. better t\n-00004ad0: 6861 6e20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d han omitting som\n-00004ae0: 6574 6869 6e67 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 ething important\n-00004af0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c ... If you fol\n-00004b00: 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e low the guidelin\n-00004b10: 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2073 7562 6d69 7420 e above, submit \n-00004b20: 6120 7265 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 a report to the \n-00004b30: 4275 670a 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 Bug.Tracking Sys\n-00004b40: 7465 6d20 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7361 7661 tem (http://sava\n-00004b50: 6e6e 6168 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f62 7567 nnah.gnu.org/bug\n-00004b60: 732f 3f67 726f 7570 3d67 7275 6229 2e0a s/?group=grub)..\n-00004b70: 416c 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 792c 2079 Alternatively, y\n-00004b80: 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 ou can submit a \n-00004b90: 7265 706f 7274 2076 6961 2065 6c65 6374 report via elect\n-00004ba0: 726f 6e69 6320 6d61 696c 2074 6f0a 3c62 ronic mail to.\n-00004bc0: 2c20 6275 7420 7765 2073 7472 6f6e 676c , but we strongl\n-00004bd0: 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 y recommend that\n-00004be0: 2079 6f75 2075 7365 2074 6865 2042 7567 you use the Bug\n-00004bf0: 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d .Tracking System\n-00004c00: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 652d 6d61 696c , because e-mail\n-00004c10: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7061 7373 6564 206f can be passed o\n-00004c20: 7665 7220 6561 7369 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 ver easily... \n-00004c30: 4f6e 6365 2077 6520 6765 7420 796f 7572 Once we get your\n-00004c40: 2072 6570 6f72 742c 2077 6520 7769 6c6c report, we will\n-00004c50: 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7820 7468 6520 try to fix the \n-00004c60: 6275 6773 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 bugs.....File: g\n-00004c70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00004c80: 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 Future, Next: \n-00004c90: 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e Copying This Man\n-00004ca0: 7561 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5265 706f ual, Prev: Repo\n-00004cb0: 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2055 703a rting bugs, Up:\n-00004cc0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2043 Top..Appendix C\n-00004cd0: 2057 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c Where GRUB will\n-00004ce0: 2067 6f0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a go.************\n+000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 ********..These \n+00004200: 6172 6520 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e are the guidelin\n+00004210: 6520 666f 7220 686f 7720 746f 2072 6570 e for how to rep\n+00004220: 6f72 7420 6275 6773 2e20 2054 616b 6520 ort bugs. Take \n+00004230: 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6973 0a6c a look at this.l\n+00004240: 6973 7420 6265 6c6f 7720 6265 666f 7265 ist below before\n+00004250: 2079 6f75 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6275 6773 you submit bugs\n+00004260: 3a0a 0a20 2031 2e20 4265 666f 7265 2067 :.. 1. Before g\n+00004270: 6574 7469 6e67 2075 6e73 6574 746c 6564 etting unsettled\n+00004280: 2c20 7265 6164 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 , read this manu\n+00004290: 616c 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 6e64 2074 al through and t\n+000042a0: 6872 6f75 6768 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 hrough.. Als\n+000042b0: 6f2c 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2047 o, see the GNU G\n+000042c0: 5255 4220 4641 510a 2020 2020 2028 6874 RUB FAQ. (ht\n+000042d0: 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 tp://www.gnu.org\n+000042e0: 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 /software/grub/g\n+000042f0: 7275 622d 6661 712e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a rub-faq.html)...\n+00004300: 2020 322e 2041 6c77 6179 7320 6d65 6e74 2. Always ment\n+00004310: 696f 6e20 7468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 ion the informat\n+00004320: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 4752 5542 ion on your GRUB\n+00004330: 2e20 5468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 . The version nu\n+00004340: 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 mber and. th\n+00004350: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e configuration \n+00004360: 6172 6520 7175 6974 6520 696d 706f 7274 are quite import\n+00004370: 616e 742e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 7569 ant. If you bui\n+00004380: 6c64 2069 7420 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2c0a ld it yourself,.\n+00004390: 2020 2020 2077 7269 7465 2074 6865 206f write the o\n+000043a0: 7074 696f 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 ptions specified\n+000043b0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 to the configur\n+000043c0: 6520 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 e script and you\n+000043d0: 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 r. operating\n+000043e0: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 system, includi\n+000043f0: 6e67 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 ng the versions \n+00004400: 6f66 2067 6363 2061 6e64 2062 696e 7574 of gcc and binut\n+00004410: 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f ils... 3. If yo\n+00004420: 7520 6861 7665 2074 726f 7562 6c65 2077 u have trouble w\n+00004430: 6974 6820 7468 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c61 ith the installa\n+00004440: 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 666f 726d 2075 7320 tion, inform us \n+00004450: 6f66 2068 6f77 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 of how you. \n+00004460: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 4752 5542 2e20 installed GRUB. \n+00004470: 446f 6e27 7420 6f6d 6974 2065 7272 6f72 Don't omit error\n+00004480: 206d 6573 7361 6765 732c 2069 6620 616e messages, if an\n+00004490: 792e 2020 4a75 7374 20e2 8098 4752 5542 y. Just ...GRUB\n+000044a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 7320 7570 2077 . hangs up w\n+000044b0: 6865 6e20 6974 2062 6f6f 7473 e280 9920 hen it boots... \n+000044c0: 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e6f 7567 682e 0a0a is not enough...\n+000044d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 The informa\n+000044e0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2068 6172 tion on your har\n+000044f0: 6477 6172 6520 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 6573 dware is also es\n+00004500: 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 sential. These \n+00004510: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2065 7370 6563 6961 are. especia\n+00004520: 6c6c 7920 696d 706f 7274 616e 743a 2074 lly important: t\n+00004530: 6865 2067 656f 6d65 7472 6965 7320 616e he geometries an\n+00004540: 6420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 d the partition \n+00004550: 7461 626c 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2079 tables of. y\n+00004560: 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 our hard disk dr\n+00004570: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 4249 ives and your BI\n+00004580: 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2034 2e20 4966 2047 5255 OS... 4. If GRU\n+00004590: 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 796f B cannot boot yo\n+000045a0: 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ur operating sys\n+000045b0: 7465 6d2c 2077 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 tem, write down \n+000045c0: 5f65 7665 7279 7468 696e 675f 0a20 2020 _everything_. \n+000045d0: 2020 796f 7520 7365 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 you see on the\n+000045e0: 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 446f 6e27 7420 screen. Don't \n+000045f0: 7061 7261 7068 7261 7365 2074 6865 6d2c paraphrase them,\n+00004600: 206c 696b 6520 e280 9854 6865 2066 6f6f like ...The foo\n+00004610: 204f 530a 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 OS. crashes\n+00004620: 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 6576 656e with GRUB, even\n+00004630: 2074 686f 7567 6820 6974 2063 616e 2062 though it can b\n+00004640: 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 6172 oot with the bar\n+00004650: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 2020 boot loader. \n+00004660: 2020 6a75 7374 2066 696e 65e2 8099 2e20 just fine.... \n+00004670: 204d 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d Mention the com\n+00004680: 6d61 6e64 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 7574 mands you execut\n+00004690: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 ed, the messages\n+000046a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 . printed by\n+000046b0: 2074 6865 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 6f72 them, and infor\n+000046c0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f mation on your o\n+000046d0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n+000046e0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 including. t\n+000046f0: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n+00004700: 722e 0a0a 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 696e r... 5. Explain\n+00004710: 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 6564 what you wanted\n+00004720: 2074 6f20 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2076 to do. It is v\n+00004730: 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6b6e ery useful to kn\n+00004740: 6f77 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 7572 ow your. pur\n+00004750: 706f 7365 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 7769 pose and your wi\n+00004760: 7368 2c20 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 5542 sh, and how GRUB\n+00004770: 2064 6964 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 7920 didn't satisfy \n+00004780: 796f 752e 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 796f you... 6. If yo\n+00004790: 7520 6361 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 6174 u can investigat\n+000047a0: 6520 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f e the problem yo\n+000047b0: 7572 7365 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 urself, please d\n+000047c0: 6f2e 2020 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 o. That will. \n+000047d0: 2020 2067 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e 6420 give you and \n+000047e0: 7573 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 us much more inf\n+000047f0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ormation on the \n+00004800: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 6368 problem. Attach\n+00004810: 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 ing a. patch\n+00004820: 2069 7320 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 722e is even better.\n+00004830: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 .. When you \n+00004840: 6174 7461 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 attach a patch, \n+00004850: 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 2069 make the patch i\n+00004860: 6e20 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 2066 n unified diff f\n+00004870: 6f72 6d61 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 ormat, and. \n+00004880: 7772 6974 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f 6720 write ChangeLog \n+00004890: 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c 2065 entries. But, e\n+000048a0: 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d 616b ven when you mak\n+000048b0: 6520 6120 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e 2774 e a patch, don't\n+000048c0: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 6f20 . forget to \n+000048d0: 6578 706c 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 explain the prob\n+000048e0: 6c65 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 6520 lem, so that we \n+000048f0: 6361 6e20 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2077 can understand w\n+00004900: 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7061 hat your. pa\n+00004910: 7463 6820 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 2037 tch is for... 7\n+00004920: 2e20 5772 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 6e79 . Write down any\n+00004930: 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2074 thing that you t\n+00004940: 6869 6e6b 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7265 hink might be re\n+00004950: 6c61 7465 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 0a20 lated. Please. \n+00004960: 2020 2020 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2074 understand t\n+00004970: 6861 7420 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 hat we often nee\n+00004980: 6420 746f 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 2074 d to reproduce t\n+00004990: 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 he same problem \n+000049a0: 796f 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 6e74 you. encount\n+000049b0: 6572 6564 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e 7669 ered in our envi\n+000049c0: 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 ronment. So you\n+000049d0: 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7368 r information sh\n+000049e0: 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7566 ould be. suf\n+000049f0: 6669 6369 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 2074 ficient for us t\n+00004a00: 6f20 646f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 o do the same th\n+00004a10: 696e 672d 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 6765 ing--Don't forge\n+00004a20: 7420 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 t that we cannot\n+00004a30: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 2063 . see your c\n+00004a40: 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 omputer directly\n+00004a50: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 6e6f . If you are no\n+00004a60: 7420 7375 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 t sure whether t\n+00004a70: 6f20 7374 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2066 o state a. f\n+00004a80: 6163 7420 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 7420 act or leave it \n+00004a90: 6f75 742c 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 2020 out, state it! \n+00004aa0: 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 6d61 Reporting too ma\n+00004ab0: 6e79 2074 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d 7563 ny things is muc\n+00004ac0: 680a 2020 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 7468 h. better th\n+00004ad0: 616e 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f 6d65 an omitting some\n+00004ae0: 7468 696e 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e thing important.\n+00004af0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f 6c6c .. If you foll\n+00004b00: 6f77 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 ow the guideline\n+00004b10: 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 2061 above, submit a\n+00004b20: 2072 6570 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 2042 report to the B\n+00004b30: 7567 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 ug.Tracking Syst\n+00004b40: 656d 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e em (http://savan\n+00004b50: 6e61 682e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 6773 nah.gnu.org/bugs\n+00004b60: 2f3f 6772 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e 0a41 /?group=grub)..A\n+00004b70: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 796f lternatively, yo\n+00004b80: 7520 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 u can submit a r\n+00004b90: 6570 6f72 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 7472 eport via electr\n+00004ba0: 6f6e 6963 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c 6275 onic mail to.,\n+00004bc0: 2062 7574 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 6c79 but we strongly\n+00004bd0: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 7420 recommend that \n+00004be0: 796f 7520 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 670a you use the Bug.\n+00004bf0: 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d2c Tracking System,\n+00004c00: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 6c20 because e-mail \n+00004c10: 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6f76 can be passed ov\n+00004c20: 6572 2065 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 204f er easily... O\n+00004c30: 6e63 6520 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 7220 nce we get your \n+00004c40: 7265 706f 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c 6c20 report, we will \n+00004c50: 7472 7920 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 2062 try to fix the b\n+00004c60: 7567 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ugs.....File: gr\n+00004c70: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00004c80: 4675 7475 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 Future, Next: C\n+00004c90: 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 opying This Manu\n+00004ca0: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 6f72 al, Prev: Repor\n+00004cb0: 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ting bugs, Up: \n+00004cc0: 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4320 Top..Appendix C \n+00004cd0: 5768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 Where GRUB will \n+00004ce0: 676f 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a go.*************\n 00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004d00: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 206e 6f77 *..GRUB 2 is now\n-00004d10: 2071 7569 7465 2073 7461 626c 6520 616e quite stable an\n-00004d20: 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 6d61 6e79 2070 d used in many p\n-00004d30: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e20 7379 7374 656d roduction system\n-00004d40: 732e 2020 5765 2061 7265 0a63 7572 7265 s. We are.curre\n-00004d50: 6e74 6c79 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 2074 6f77 ntly working tow\n-00004d60: 6172 6473 2061 2032 2e30 2072 656c 6561 ards a 2.0 relea\n-00004d70: 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 se... If you a\n-00004d80: 7265 2069 6e74 6572 6573 7465 6420 696e re interested in\n-00004d90: 2074 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 the development\n-00004da0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2032 2c20 7461 6b65 of GRUB 2, take\n-00004db0: 2061 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 0a74 6865 2068 a look at.the h\n-00004dc0: 6f6d 6570 6167 6520 2868 7474 703a 2f2f omepage (http://\n-00004dd0: 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 www.gnu.org/soft\n-00004de0: 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e68 ware/grub/grub.h\n-00004df0: 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tml).....File: g\n-00004e00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00004e10: 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 Copying This Ma\n-00004e20: 6e75 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e64 nual, Next: Ind\n-00004e30: 6578 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 7574 7572 ex, Prev: Futur\n-00004e40: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 e, Up: Top..App\n-00004e50: 656e 6469 7820 4420 436f 7079 696e 6720 endix D Copying \n-00004e60: 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a This Manual.****\n+00004d00: 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 ..GRUB 2 is now \n+00004d10: 7175 6974 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 quite stable and\n+00004d20: 2075 7365 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 7072 used in many pr\n+00004d30: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 oduction systems\n+00004d40: 2e20 2057 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 656e . We are.curren\n+00004d50: 746c 7920 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f 7761 tly working towa\n+00004d60: 7264 7320 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 6173 rds a 2.0 releas\n+00004d70: 652e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 e... 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Bu\n-00005490: 7420 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 t this License i\n-000054a0: 7320 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f s not limited to\n-000054b0: 0a20 2020 2020 736f 6674 7761 7265 206d . software m\n-000054c0: 616e 7561 6c73 3b20 6974 2063 616e 2062 anuals; it can b\n-000054d0: 6520 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2074 e used for any t\n-000054e0: 6578 7475 616c 2077 6f72 6b2c 2072 6567 extual work, reg\n-000054f0: 6172 646c 6573 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 ardless. of \n-00005500: 7375 626a 6563 7420 6d61 7474 6572 206f subject matter o\n-00005510: 7220 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2069 7320 r whether it is \n-00005520: 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 6173 2061 2070 published as a p\n-00005530: 7269 6e74 6564 2062 6f6f 6b2e 2020 5765 rinted book. We\n-00005540: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 . recommend \n-00005550: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 this License pri\n-00005560: 6e63 6970 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 ncipally for wor\n-00005570: 6b73 2077 686f 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 ks whose purpose\n-00005580: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 is. instruc\n-00005590: 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 tion or referenc\n-000055a0: 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 e... 1. APPLICA\n-000055b0: 4249 4c49 5459 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e BILITY AND DEFIN\n-000055c0: 4954 494f 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ITIONS.. Thi\n-000055d0: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 s License applie\n-000055e0: 7320 746f 2061 6e79 206d 616e 7561 6c20 s to any manual \n-000055f0: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6b2c 2069 or other work, i\n-00005600: 6e20 616e 7920 6d65 6469 756d 2c0a 2020 n any medium,. \n-00005610: 2020 2074 6861 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 that contains\n-00005620: 2061 206e 6f74 6963 6520 706c 6163 6564 a notice placed\n-00005630: 2062 7920 7468 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 by the copyrigh\n-00005640: 7420 686f 6c64 6572 2073 6179 696e 6720 t holder saying \n-00005650: 6974 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2064 it can. be d\n-00005660: 6973 7472 6962 7574 6564 2075 6e64 6572 istributed under\n-00005670: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 the terms of th\n-00005680: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2053 7563 is License. Suc\n-00005690: 6820 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 h a notice. \n-000056a0: 6772 616e 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 grants a world-w\n-000056b0: 6964 652c 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 ide, royalty-fre\n-000056c0: 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d e license, unlim\n-000056d0: 6974 6564 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e ited in duration\n-000056e0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 ,. to use th\n-000056f0: 6174 2077 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 at work under th\n-00005700: 6520 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 e conditions sta\n-00005710: 7465 6420 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 ted herein. The\n-00005720: 0a20 2020 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 . \"Document\"\n-00005730: 2c20 6265 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 , below, refers \n-00005740: 746f 2061 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 to any such manu\n-00005750: 616c 206f 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 al or work. Any\n-00005760: 206d 656d 6265 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 member. of \n-00005770: 7468 6520 7075 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 the public is a \n-00005780: 6c69 6365 6e73 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 licensee, and is\n-00005790: 2061 6464 7265 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 addressed as \"y\n-000057a0: 6f75 222e 2020 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 ou\". You accept\n-000057b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 . the licens\n-000057c0: 6520 6966 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d e if you copy, m\n-000057d0: 6f64 6966 7920 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 odify or distrib\n-000057e0: 7574 6520 7468 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 ute the work in \n-000057f0: 6120 7761 790a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 a way. requi\n-00005800: 7269 6e67 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 ring permission \n-00005810: 756e 6465 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 under copyright \n-00005820: 6c61 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f law... A \"Mo\n-00005830: 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 dified Version\" \n-00005840: 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 of the Document \n-00005850: 6d65 616e 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 means any work c\n-00005860: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 ontaining the. \n-00005870: 2020 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 Document or a\n-00005880: 2070 6f72 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 portion of it, \n-00005890: 6569 7468 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 either copied ve\n-000058a0: 7262 6174 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a rbatim, or with.\n-000058b0: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f modificatio\n-000058c0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c ns and/or transl\n-000058d0: 6174 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 ated into anothe\n-000058e0: 7220 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 r language... \n-000058f0: 2020 4120 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 A \"Secondary S\n-00005900: 6563 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d ection\" is a nam\n-00005910: 6564 2061 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 ed appendix or a\n-00005920: 2066 726f 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 front-matter se\n-00005930: 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 ction. of th\n-00005940: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 e Document that \n-00005950: 6465 616c 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c deals exclusivel\n-00005960: 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 y with the relat\n-00005970: 696f 6e73 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 ionship of the. \n-00005980: 2020 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f publishers o\n-00005990: 7220 6175 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 r authors of the\n-000059a0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 Document to the\n-000059b0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 Document's over\n-000059c0: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 all. subject\n-000059d0: 2028 6f72 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 (or to related \n-000059e0: 6d61 7474 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e matters) and con\n-000059f0: 7461 696e 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 tains nothing th\n-00005a00: 6174 2063 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 at could. fa\n-00005a10: 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 ll directly with\n-00005a20: 696e 2074 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 in that overall \n-00005a30: 7375 626a 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c subject. (Thus,\n-00005a40: 2069 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 if the Document\n-00005a50: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2069 6e20 7061 7274 . is in part\n-00005a60: 2061 2074 6578 7462 6f6f 6b20 6f66 206d a textbook of m\n-00005a70: 6174 6865 6d61 7469 6373 2c20 6120 5365 athematics, a Se\n-00005a80: 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e20 condary Section \n-00005a90: 6d61 7920 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2065 7870 may not. exp\n-00005aa0: 6c61 696e 2061 6e79 206d 6174 6865 6d61 lain any mathema\n-00005ab0: 7469 6373 2e29 2020 5468 6520 7265 6c61 tics.) The rela\n-00005ac0: 7469 6f6e 7368 6970 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 tionship could b\n-00005ad0: 6520 6120 6d61 7474 6572 206f 660a 2020 e a matter of. \n-00005ae0: 2020 2068 6973 746f 7269 6361 6c20 636f historical co\n-00005af0: 6e6e 6563 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7468 nnection with th\n-00005b00: 6520 7375 626a 6563 7420 6f72 2077 6974 e subject or wit\n-00005b10: 6820 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 h related matter\n-00005b20: 732c 206f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6c65 s, or. of le\n-00005b30: 6761 6c2c 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c2c gal, commercial,\n-00005b40: 2070 6869 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 616c 2c20 philosophical, \n-00005b50: 6574 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 6f6c 6974 ethical or polit\n-00005b60: 6963 616c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 ical position. \n-00005b70: 2020 2072 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2074 6865 regarding the\n-00005b80: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 496e m... The \"In\n-00005b90: 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 variant Sections\n-00005ba0: 2220 6172 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 5365 \" are certain Se\n-00005bb0: 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e73 condary Sections\n-00005bc0: 2077 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7469 746c whose. titl\n-00005bd0: 6573 2061 7265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 7465 es are designate\n-00005be0: 642c 2061 7320 6265 696e 6720 7468 6f73 d, as being thos\n-00005bf0: 6520 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 e of Invariant S\n-00005c00: 6563 7469 6f6e 732c 2069 6e20 7468 650a ections, in the.\n-00005c10: 2020 2020 206e 6f74 6963 6520 7468 6174 notice that\n-00005c20: 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 says that the D\n-00005c30: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 ocument is relea\n-00005c40: 7365 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c sed under this L\n-00005c50: 6963 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 icense.. If \n-00005c60: 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 646f 6573 206e a section does n\n-00005c70: 6f74 2066 6974 2074 6865 2061 626f 7665 ot fit the above\n-00005c80: 2064 6566 696e 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2053 definition of S\n-00005c90: 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2074 6865 6e20 6974 econdary then it\n-00005ca0: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c . is not all\n-00005cb0: 6f77 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6573 6967 owed to be desig\n-00005cc0: 6e61 7465 6420 6173 2049 6e76 6172 6961 nated as Invaria\n-00005cd0: 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e nt. The Documen\n-00005ce0: 7420 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 t may. conta\n-00005cf0: 696e 207a 6572 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e in zero Invarian\n-00005d00: 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 6620 t Sections. If \n-00005d10: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 the Document doe\n-00005d20: 7320 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 0a20 s not identify. \n-00005d30: 2020 2020 616e 7920 496e 7661 7269 616e any Invarian\n-00005d40: 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6865 6e20 t Sections then \n-00005d50: 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6e6f 6e65 2e0a there are none..\n-00005d60: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2243 6f76 6572 . 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In cas\n-000099b0: 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 e of a. disa\n-000099c0: 6772 6565 6d65 6e74 2062 6574 7765 656e greement between\n-000099d0: 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e the translation\n-000099e0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 and the origina\n-000099f0: 6c20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 0a20 2020 l version of. \n-00009a00: 2020 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 206f this License o\n-00009a10: 7220 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 206f 7220 6469 r a notice or di\n-00009a20: 7363 6c61 696d 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6f72 sclaimer, the or\n-00009a30: 6967 696e 616c 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2077 iginal version w\n-00009a40: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7661 696c ill. prevail\n-00009a50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2073 6563 ... If a sec\n-00009a60: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 446f 6375 tion in the Docu\n-00009a70: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 456e 7469 746c 6564 ment is Entitled\n-00009a80: 2022 4163 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 656d 656e \"Acknowledgemen\n-00009a90: 7473 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2244 6564 6963 ts\",. \"Dedic\n-00009aa0: 6174 696f 6e73 222c 206f 7220 2248 6973 ations\", or \"His\n-00009ab0: 746f 7279 222c 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 tory\", the requi\n-00009ac0: 7265 6d65 6e74 2028 7365 6374 696f 6e20 rement (section \n-00009ad0: 3429 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2050 7265 7365 4) to. Prese\n-00009ae0: 7276 6520 6974 7320 5469 746c 6520 2873 rve its Title (s\n-00009af0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2031 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 ection 1) will t\n-00009b00: 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2072 6571 7569 7265 ypically require\n-00009b10: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 changing the. \n-00009b20: 2020 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7469 746c 652e actual title.\n-00009b30: 0a0a 2020 392e 2054 4552 4d49 4e41 5449 .. 9. 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Any other. \n-00009bd0: 2020 2020 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2063 attempt to c\n-00009be0: 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 6966 792c 2073 7562 opy, modify, sub\n-00009bf0: 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6f72 2064 6973 7472 license or distr\n-00009c00: 6962 7574 6520 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 ibute the Docume\n-00009c10: 6e74 2069 730a 2020 2020 2076 6f69 642c nt is. void,\n-00009c20: 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 and will automa\n-00009c30: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7465 726d 696e 6174 tically terminat\n-00009c40: 6520 796f 7572 2072 6967 6874 7320 756e e your rights un\n-00009c50: 6465 7220 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 der this. Li\n-00009c60: 6365 6e73 652e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c cense. 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Such \n-00009dd0: 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2076 6572 7369 6f6e new. version\n-00009de0: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 s will be simila\n-00009df0: 7220 696e 2073 7069 7269 7420 746f 2074 r in spirit to t\n-00009e00: 6865 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2076 6572 7369 he present versi\n-00009e10: 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 790a 2020 2020 on, but may. \n-00009e20: 2064 6966 6665 7220 696e 2064 6574 6169 differ in detai\n-00009e30: 6c20 746f 2061 6464 7265 7373 206e 6577 l to address new\n-00009e40: 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 6f72 2063 6f6e problems or con\n-00009e50: 6365 726e 732e 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 cerns. See. \n-00009e60: 203c 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 .\n-00009e80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 6163 6820 7665 7273 .. Each vers\n-00009e90: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 204c 6963 656e ion of the Licen\n-00009ea0: 7365 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6120 6469 se is given a di\n-00009eb0: 7374 696e 6775 6973 6869 6e67 2076 6572 stinguishing ver\n-00009ec0: 7369 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 sion. number\n-00009ed0: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 . 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If the. \n-0000a020: 2020 2020 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 Document doe\n-0000a030: 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 s not specify a \n-0000a040: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f version number o\n-0000a050: 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 f this License, \n-0000a060: 796f 7520 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2063 686f you may. cho\n-0000a070: 6f73 6520 616e 7920 7665 7273 696f 6e20 ose any version \n-0000a080: 6576 6572 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2028 ever published (\n-0000a090: 6e6f 7420 6173 2061 2064 7261 6674 2920 not as a draft) \n-0000a0a0: 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 650a 2020 2020 by the Free. \n-0000a0b0: 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 Software Founda\n-0000a0c0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 2e31 2e31 2041 4444 tion...D.1.1 ADD\n-0000a0d0: 454e 4455 4d3a 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 ENDUM: How to us\n-0000a0e0: 6520 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 e this License f\n-0000a0f0: 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 or your document\n-0000a100: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+00004f70: 3d3d 3d0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ===.. \n+00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 Versi\n+00004f90: 6f6e 2031 2e32 2c20 4e6f 7665 6d62 6572 on 1.2, November\n+00004fa0: 2032 3030 320a 0a20 2020 2020 436f 7079 2002.. Copy\n+00004fb0: 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 2032 3030 302c 3230 right .. 2000,20\n+00004fc0: 3031 2c32 3030 3220 4672 6565 2053 6f66 01,2002 Free Sof\n+00004fd0: 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e tware Foundation\n+00004fe0: 2c20 496e 632e 0a20 2020 2020 3531 2046 , Inc.. 51 F\n+00004ff0: 7261 6e6b 6c69 6e20 5374 2c20 4669 6674 ranklin St, Fift\n+00005000: 6820 466c 6f6f 722c 2042 6f73 746f 6e2c h Floor, Boston,\n+00005010: 204d 4120 2030 3231 3130 2d31 3330 312c MA 02110-1301,\n+00005020: 2055 5341 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7665 7279 USA.. Every\n+00005030: 6f6e 6520 6973 2070 6572 6d69 7474 6564 one is permitted\n+00005040: 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2061 6e64 2064 6973 to copy and dis\n+00005050: 7472 6962 7574 6520 7665 7262 6174 696d tribute verbatim\n+00005060: 2063 6f70 6965 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 copies. of \n+00005070: 7468 6973 206c 6963 656e 7365 2064 6f63 this license doc\n+00005080: 756d 656e 742c 2062 7574 2063 6861 6e67 ument, but chang\n+00005090: 696e 6720 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c ing it is not al\n+000050a0: 6c6f 7765 642e 0a0a 2020 302e 2050 5245 lowed... 0. PRE\n+000050b0: 414d 424c 450a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 AMBLE.. 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This\n+000055d0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2061 7070 6c69 6573 License applies\n+000055e0: 2074 6f20 616e 7920 6d61 6e75 616c 206f to any manual o\n+000055f0: 7220 6f74 6865 7220 776f 726b 2c20 696e r other work, in\n+00005600: 2061 6e79 206d 6564 6975 6d2c 0a20 2020 any medium,. \n+00005610: 2020 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 that contains \n+00005620: 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 2070 6c61 6365 6420 a notice placed \n+00005630: 6279 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 by the copyright\n+00005640: 2068 6f6c 6465 7220 7361 7969 6e67 2069 holder saying i\n+00005650: 7420 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6520 6469 t can. be di\n+00005660: 7374 7269 6275 7465 6420 756e 6465 7220 stributed under \n+00005670: 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6869 the terms of thi\n+00005680: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 2020 5375 6368 s License. Such\n+00005690: 2061 206e 6f74 6963 650a 2020 2020 2067 a notice. g\n+000056a0: 7261 6e74 7320 6120 776f 726c 642d 7769 rants a world-wi\n+000056b0: 6465 2c20 726f 7961 6c74 792d 6672 6565 de, royalty-free\n+000056c0: 206c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 756e 6c69 6d69 license, unlimi\n+000056d0: 7465 6420 696e 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e2c ted in duration,\n+000056e0: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2075 7365 2074 6861 . to use tha\n+000056f0: 7420 776f 726b 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 t work under the\n+00005700: 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6174 conditions stat\n+00005710: 6564 2068 6572 6569 6e2e 2020 5468 650a ed herein. The.\n+00005720: 2020 2020 2022 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 222c \"Document\",\n+00005730: 2062 656c 6f77 2c20 7265 6665 7273 2074 below, refers t\n+00005740: 6f20 616e 7920 7375 6368 206d 616e 7561 o any such manua\n+00005750: 6c20 6f72 2077 6f72 6b2e 2020 416e 7920 l or work. Any \n+00005760: 6d65 6d62 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 member. of t\n+00005770: 6865 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6973 2061 206c he public is a l\n+00005780: 6963 656e 7365 652c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 icensee, and is \n+00005790: 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 6173 2022 796f addressed as \"yo\n+000057a0: 7522 2e20 2059 6f75 2061 6363 6570 740a u\". You accept.\n+000057b0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6963 656e 7365 the license\n+000057c0: 2069 6620 796f 7520 636f 7079 2c20 6d6f if you copy, mo\n+000057d0: 6469 6679 206f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 dify or distribu\n+000057e0: 7465 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 2061 te the work in a\n+000057f0: 2077 6179 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7175 6972 way. requir\n+00005800: 696e 6720 7065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2075 ing permission u\n+00005810: 6e64 6572 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 206c nder copyright l\n+00005820: 6177 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 224d 6f64 aw... A \"Mod\n+00005830: 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e22 206f ified Version\" o\n+00005840: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d f the Document m\n+00005850: 6561 6e73 2061 6e79 2077 6f72 6b20 636f eans any work co\n+00005860: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ntaining the. \n+00005870: 2020 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206f 7220 6120 Document or a \n+00005880: 706f 7274 696f 6e20 6f66 2069 742c 2065 portion of it, e\n+00005890: 6974 6865 7220 636f 7069 6564 2076 6572 ither copied ver\n+000058a0: 6261 7469 6d2c 206f 7220 7769 7468 0a20 batim, or with. \n+000058b0: 2020 2020 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e modification\n+000058c0: 7320 616e 642f 6f72 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 s and/or transla\n+000058d0: 7465 6420 696e 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 ted into another\n+000058e0: 206c 616e 6775 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 language... \n+000058f0: 2041 2022 5365 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 A \"Secondary Se\n+00005900: 6374 696f 6e22 2069 7320 6120 6e61 6d65 ction\" is a name\n+00005910: 6420 6170 7065 6e64 6978 206f 7220 6120 d appendix or a \n+00005920: 6672 6f6e 742d 6d61 7474 6572 2073 6563 front-matter sec\n+00005930: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 tion. of the\n+00005940: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7468 6174 2064 Document that d\n+00005950: 6561 6c73 2065 7863 6c75 7369 7665 6c79 eals exclusively\n+00005960: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 with the relati\n+00005970: 6f6e 7368 6970 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 onship of the. \n+00005980: 2020 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6572 7320 6f72 publishers or\n+00005990: 2061 7574 686f 7273 206f 6620 7468 6520 authors of the \n+000059a0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 Document to the \n+000059b0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2773 206f 7665 7261 Document's overa\n+000059c0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 7375 626a 6563 7420 ll. subject \n+000059d0: 286f 7220 746f 2072 656c 6174 6564 206d (or to related m\n+000059e0: 6174 7465 7273 2920 616e 6420 636f 6e74 atters) and cont\n+000059f0: 6169 6e73 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2074 6861 ains nothing tha\n+00005a00: 7420 636f 756c 640a 2020 2020 2066 616c t could. fal\n+00005a10: 6c20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6869 l directly withi\n+00005a20: 6e20 7468 6174 206f 7665 7261 6c6c 2073 n that overall s\n+00005a30: 7562 6a65 6374 2e20 2028 5468 7573 2c20 ubject. (Thus, \n+00005a40: 6966 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a if the Document.\n+00005a50: 2020 2020 2069 7320 696e 2070 6172 7420 is in part \n+00005a60: 6120 7465 7874 626f 6f6b 206f 6620 6d61 a textbook of ma\n+00005a70: 7468 656d 6174 6963 732c 2061 2053 6563 thematics, a Sec\n+00005a80: 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 206d ondary Section m\n+00005a90: 6179 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c ay not. expl\n+00005aa0: 6169 6e20 616e 7920 6d61 7468 656d 6174 ain any mathemat\n+00005ab0: 6963 732e 2920 2054 6865 2072 656c 6174 ics.) The relat\n+00005ac0: 696f 6e73 6869 7020 636f 756c 6420 6265 ionship could be\n+00005ad0: 2061 206d 6174 7465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 a matter of. \n+00005ae0: 2020 6869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 2063 6f6e historical con\n+00005af0: 6e65 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2074 6865 nection with the\n+00005b00: 2073 7562 6a65 6374 206f 7220 7769 7468 subject or with\n+00005b10: 2072 656c 6174 6564 206d 6174 7465 7273 related matters\n+00005b20: 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 206c 6567 , or. of leg\n+00005b30: 616c 2c20 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 2c20 al, commercial, \n+00005b40: 7068 696c 6f73 6f70 6869 6361 6c2c 2065 philosophical, e\n+00005b50: 7468 6963 616c 206f 7220 706f 6c69 7469 thical or politi\n+00005b60: 6361 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 cal position. \n+00005b70: 2020 7265 6761 7264 696e 6720 7468 656d regarding them\n+00005b80: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2249 6e76 ... The \"Inv\n+00005b90: 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7322 ariant Sections\"\n+00005ba0: 2061 7265 2063 6572 7461 696e 2053 6563 are certain Sec\n+00005bb0: 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 ondary Sections \n+00005bc0: 7768 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 whose. title\n+00005bd0: 7320 6172 6520 6465 7369 676e 6174 6564 s are designated\n+00005be0: 2c20 6173 2062 6569 6e67 2074 686f 7365 , as being those\n+00005bf0: 206f 6620 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 of Invariant Se\n+00005c00: 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 ctions, in the. \n+00005c10: 2020 2020 6e6f 7469 6365 2074 6861 7420 notice that \n+00005c20: 7361 7973 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 446f says that the Do\n+00005c30: 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 7265 6c65 6173 cument is releas\n+00005c40: 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 4c69 ed under this Li\n+00005c50: 6365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 cense.. If a\n+00005c60: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f section does no\n+00005c70: 7420 6669 7420 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 t fit the above \n+00005c80: 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 5365 definition of Se\n+00005c90: 636f 6e64 6172 7920 7468 656e 2069 740a condary then it.\n+00005ca0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f is not allo\n+00005cb0: 7765 6420 746f 2062 6520 6465 7369 676e wed to be design\n+00005cc0: 6174 6564 2061 7320 496e 7661 7269 616e ated as Invarian\n+00005cd0: 742e 2020 5468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 t. The Document\n+00005ce0: 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 may. contai\n+00005cf0: 6e20 7a65 726f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 n zero Invariant\n+00005d00: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 2074 Sections. If t\n+00005d10: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 he Document does\n+00005d20: 206e 6f74 2069 6465 6e74 6966 790a 2020 not identify. \n+00005d30: 2020 2061 6e79 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 any Invariant\n+00005d40: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 7468 656e 2074 Sections then t\n+00005d50: 6865 7265 2061 7265 206e 6f6e 652e 0a0a here are none...\n+00005d60: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 436f 7665 7220 The \"Cover \n+00005d70: 5465 7874 7322 2061 7265 2063 6572 7461 Texts\" are certa\n+00005d80: 696e 2073 686f 7274 2070 6173 7361 6765 in short passage\n+00005d90: 7320 6f66 2074 6578 7420 7468 6174 2061 s of text that a\n+00005da0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2c20 re. listed, \n+00005db0: 6173 2046 726f 6e74 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 as Front-Cover T\n+00005dc0: 6578 7473 206f 7220 4261 636b 2d43 6f76 exts or Back-Cov\n+00005dd0: 6572 2054 6578 7473 2c20 696e 2074 6865 er Texts, in the\n+00005de0: 206e 6f74 6963 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 notice. tha\n+00005df0: 7420 7361 7973 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 t says that the \n+00005e00: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 7265 6c65 Document is rele\n+00005e10: 6173 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 ased under this \n+00005e20: 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 2020 410a 2020 2020 License. A. \n+00005e30: 2046 726f 6e74 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 Front-Cover Tex\n+00005e40: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 t may be at most\n+00005e50: 2035 2077 6f72 6473 2c20 616e 6420 6120 5 words, and a \n+00005e60: 4261 636b 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7420 Back-Cover Text \n+00005e70: 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2062 6520 6174 206d may. be at m\n+00005e80: 6f73 7420 3235 2077 6f72 6473 2e0a 0a20 ost 25 words... \n+00005e90: 2020 2020 4120 2254 7261 6e73 7061 7265 A \"Transpare\n+00005ea0: 6e74 2220 636f 7079 206f 6620 7468 6520 nt\" copy of the \n+00005eb0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d 6561 6e73 2061 Document means a\n+00005ec0: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2d72 6561 6461 626c machine-readabl\n+00005ed0: 6520 636f 7079 2c0a 2020 2020 2072 6570 e copy,. rep\n+00005ee0: 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2069 6e20 6120 666f resented in a fo\n+00005ef0: 726d 6174 2077 686f 7365 2073 7065 6369 rmat whose speci\n+00005f00: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6176 6169 fication is avai\n+00005f10: 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 lable to the. \n+00005f20: 2020 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7075 626c 6963 general public\n+00005f30: 2c20 7468 6174 2069 7320 7375 6974 6162 , that is suitab\n+00005f40: 6c65 2066 6f72 2072 6576 6973 696e 6720 le for revising \n+00005f50: 7468 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 the document. \n+00005f60: 2020 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 straightforwar\n+00005f70: 646c 7920 7769 7468 2067 656e 6572 6963 dly with generic\n+00005f80: 2074 6578 7420 6564 6974 6f72 7320 6f72 text editors or\n+00005f90: 2028 666f 7220 696d 6167 6573 2063 6f6d (for images com\n+00005fa0: 706f 7365 640a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7069 posed. of pi\n+00005fb0: 7865 6c73 2920 6765 6e65 7269 6320 7061 xels) generic pa\n+00005fc0: 696e 7420 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 206f 7220 int programs or \n+00005fd0: 2866 6f72 2064 7261 7769 6e67 7329 2073 (for drawings) s\n+00005fe0: 6f6d 6520 7769 6465 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 ome widely. \n+00005ff0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6472 6177 696e available drawin\n+00006000: 6720 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 616e 6420 7468 g editor, and th\n+00006010: 6174 2069 7320 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 at is suitable f\n+00006020: 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6f20 7465 7874 or input to text\n+00006030: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 7465 7273 . formatters\n+00006040: 206f 7220 666f 7220 6175 746f 6d61 7469 or for automati\n+00006050: 6320 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 746f c translation to\n+00006060: 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 666f a variety of fo\n+00006070: 726d 6174 730a 2020 2020 2073 7569 7461 rmats. suita\n+00006080: 626c 6520 666f 7220 696e 7075 7420 746f ble for input to\n+00006090: 2074 6578 7420 666f 726d 6174 7465 7273 text formatters\n+000060a0: 2e20 2041 2063 6f70 7920 6d61 6465 2069 . 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Examp\n+00006320: 6c65 7320 6f66 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 les of transpare\n+00006330: 6e74 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 nt image formats\n+00006340: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2050 4e47 2c20 5843 include PNG, XC\n+00006350: 4620 616e 6420 4a50 472e 0a20 2020 2020 F and JPG.. \n+00006360: 4f70 6171 7565 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 2069 Opaque formats i\n+00006370: 6e63 6c75 6465 2070 726f 7072 6965 7461 nclude proprieta\n+00006380: 7279 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 2074 6861 7420 ry formats that \n+00006390: 6361 6e20 6265 2072 6561 6420 616e 640a can be read and.\n+000063a0: 2020 2020 2065 6469 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 edited only\n+000063b0: 2062 7920 7072 6f70 7269 6574 6172 7920 by proprietary \n+000063c0: 776f 7264 2070 726f 6365 7373 6f72 732c word processors,\n+000063d0: 2053 474d 4c20 6f72 2058 4d4c 2066 6f72 SGML or XML for\n+000063e0: 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 which. the \n+000063f0: 4454 4420 616e 642f 6f72 2070 726f 6365 DTD and/or proce\n+00006400: 7373 696e 6720 746f 6f6c 7320 6172 6520 ssing tools are \n+00006410: 6e6f 7420 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6176 not generally av\n+00006420: 6169 6c61 626c 652c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 ailable, and. \n+00006430: 2020 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 652d 6765 the machine-ge\n+00006440: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 4854 4d4c 2c20 506f nerated HTML, Po\n+00006450: 7374 5363 7269 7074 206f 7220 5044 4620 stScript or PDF \n+00006460: 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2062 7920 736f 6d65 produced by some\n+00006470: 2077 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6365 word. proce\n+00006480: 7373 6f72 7320 666f 7220 6f75 7470 7574 ssors for output\n+00006490: 2070 7572 706f 7365 7320 6f6e 6c79 2e0a purposes only..\n+000064a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2254 6974 6c65 . 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Fo\n+00006570: 720a 2020 2020 2077 6f72 6b73 2069 6e20 r. works in \n+00006580: 666f 726d 6174 7320 7768 6963 6820 646f formats which do\n+00006590: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 616e 7920 7469 not have any ti\n+000065a0: 746c 6520 7061 6765 2061 7320 7375 6368 tle page as such\n+000065b0: 2c20 2254 6974 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5061 , \"Title. Pa\n+000065c0: 6765 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7465 ge\" means the te\n+000065d0: 7874 206e 6561 7220 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 xt near the most\n+000065e0: 2070 726f 6d69 6e65 6e74 2061 7070 6561 prominent appea\n+000065f0: 7261 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 rance of the. \n+00006600: 2020 776f 726b 2773 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 work's title, \n+00006610: 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 7468 6520 6265 preceding the be\n+00006620: 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2062 ginning of the b\n+00006630: 6f64 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e ody of the text.\n+00006640: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2073 6563 7469 6f6e .. 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(li\n-0000a990: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 636c 6561 723a 2020 ne 6).* clear: \n+0000a970: 2020 2020 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 chainloader\n+0000a980: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n+0000a990: 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 6c65 6172 3a20 2020 e 6).* clear: \n 0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-0000a9c0: 6c65 6172 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lear. \n-0000a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000a9e0: 2043 4d4f 533a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 CMOS: \n+0000a9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636c cl\n+0000a9c0: 6561 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ear. \n+0000a9d0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000a9e0: 434d 4f53 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 CMOS: \n 0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 cmosdump\n-0000aa10: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . (\n-0000aa20: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 636d 6f73 636c line 6).* cmoscl\n-0000aa30: 6561 6e3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ean: \n+0000aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702e cmosdump.\n+0000aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000aa20: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 ine 6).* cmoscle\n+0000aa30: 616e 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an: \n 0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa50: 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2e20 2020 2020 cmosclean. \n-0000aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000aa70: 0a2a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 743a 2020 2020 .* cmostest: \n+0000aa50: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2e 2020 2020 2020 cmosclean. \n+0000aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000aa70: 2a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 * cmostest: \n 0000aa80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636d 6f73 7465 cmoste\n-0000aaa0: 7374 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st. \n-0000aab0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 636d 703a (line 6).* cmp:\n+0000aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 cmostes\n+0000aaa0: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n+0000aab0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 6d70 3a20 (line 6).* cmp: \n 0000aac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aae0: 2020 2063 6d70 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cmp. \n-0000aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000ab00: 3629 0a2a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 6).* configfile:\n+0000aae0: 2020 636d 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cmp. \n+0000aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000ab00: 290a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a20 ).* configfile: \n 0000ab10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 conf\n-0000ab30: 6967 6669 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 igfile. \n-0000ab40: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6370 (line 6).* cp\n-0000ab50: 7569 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 uid: \n+0000ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 confi\n+0000ab30: 6766 696c 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gfile. \n+0000ab40: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7075 (line 6).* cpu\n+0000ab50: 6964 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id: \n 0000ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ab70: 2020 2020 2063 7075 6964 2e20 2020 2020 cpuid. \n-0000ab80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000ab90: 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7263 3a20 2020 2020 e 6).* crc: \n+0000ab70: 2020 2020 6370 7569 642e 2020 2020 2020 cpuid. \n+0000ab80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000ab90: 2036 290a 2a20 6372 633a 2020 2020 2020 6).* crc: \n 0000aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-0000abc0: 632e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 c. \n-0000abd0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000abe0: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 743a 2020 2020 cryptomount: \n+0000abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7263 crc\n+0000abc0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000abd0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 (line 6).* c\n+0000abe0: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 ryptomount: \n 0000abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac00: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 cryptomou\n-0000ac10: 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c nt. (l\n-0000ac20: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7574 6d65 6d3a ine 6).* cutmem:\n+0000ac00: 2020 2020 2020 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e cryptomoun\n+0000ac10: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 t. (li\n+0000ac20: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6375 746d 656d 3a20 ne 6).* cutmem: \n 0000ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac50: 6375 746d 656d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cutmem. \n-0000ac60: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000ac70: 2a20 6461 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * date: \n+0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+0000ac50: 7574 6d65 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 utmem. \n+0000ac60: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000ac70: 2064 6174 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 date: \n 0000ac80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6174 652e 2020 date. \n-0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000acb0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 6576 6963 (line 6).* devic\n-0000acc0: 6574 7265 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etree: \n+0000ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6461 7465 2e20 2020 date. \n+0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000acb0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6465 7669 6365 line 6).* device\n+0000acc0: 7472 6565 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tree: \n 0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ace0: 2020 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2e20 2020 devicetree. \n-0000acf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000ad00: 290a 2a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a20 2020 ).* distrust: \n+0000ace0: 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652e 2020 2020 devicetree. \n+0000acf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000ad00: 0a2a 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 .* distrust: \n 0000ad10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 distr\n-0000ad30: 7573 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ust. \n-0000ad40: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 7269 (line 6).* dri\n-0000ad50: 7665 6d61 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 vemap: \n+0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6469 7374 7275 distru\n+0000ad30: 7374 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st. \n+0000ad40: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6472 6976 (line 6).* driv\n+0000ad50: 656d 6170 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 emap: \n 0000ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad70: 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 2e20 2020 drivemap. \n-0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000ad90: 2036 290a 2a20 6563 686f 3a20 2020 2020 6).* echo: \n+0000ad70: 2020 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702e 2020 2020 drivemap. \n+0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000ad90: 3629 0a2a 2065 6368 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 6).* echo: \n 0000ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 ech\n-0000adc0: 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-0000add0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 (line 6).* e\n-0000ade0: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 3a20 2020 2020 fitextmode: \n+0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f echo\n+0000adc0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000add0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6566 (line 6).* ef\n+0000ade0: 6974 6578 746d 6f64 653a 2020 2020 2020 itextmode: \n 0000adf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae00: 2020 2020 2020 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 efitextmod\n-0000ae10: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 e. (li\n-0000ae20: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6576 616c 3a20 2020 ne 6).* eval: \n+0000ae00: 2020 2020 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 efitextmode\n+0000ae10: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n+0000ae20: 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 7661 6c3a 2020 2020 e 6).* eval: \n 0000ae30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 e\n-0000ae50: 7661 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 val. \n-0000ae60: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000ae70: 2065 7870 6f72 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 export: \n+0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6576 ev\n+0000ae50: 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al. \n+0000ae60: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000ae70: 6578 706f 7274 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 export: \n 0000ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6578 706f 7274 2e20 export. \n-0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000aeb0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6661 6c73 653a line 6).* false:\n+0000ae90: 2020 2020 2020 2065 7870 6f72 742e 2020 export. \n+0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000aeb0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2066 616c 7365 3a20 ine 6).* false: \n 0000aec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aee0: 2066 616c 7365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 false. \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000af00: 0a2a 2046 444c 2c20 474e 5520 4672 6565 .* FDL, GNU Free\n-0000af10: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n-0000af20: 6963 656e 7365 3a20 2020 474e 5520 4672 icense: GNU Fr\n-0000af30: 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e ee Documentation\n-0000af40: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 License.. \n+0000aee0: 6661 6c73 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 false. \n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000af00: 2a20 4644 4c2c 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 * FDL, GNU Free \n+0000af10: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 Documentation Li\n+0000af20: 6365 6e73 653a 2020 2047 4e55 2046 7265 cense: GNU Fre\n+0000af30: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 e Documentation \n+0000af40: 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 License.. \n 0000af50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000af90: 3629 0a2a 2066 7773 6574 7570 3a20 2020 6).* fwsetup: \n+0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000af90: 290a 2a20 6677 7365 7475 703a 2020 2020 ).* fwsetup: \n 0000afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6677 7365 fwse\n-0000afc0: 7475 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tup. \n-0000afd0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6764 (line 6).* gd\n-0000afe0: 6269 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 binfo: \n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7773 6574 fwset\n+0000afc0: 7570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up. \n+0000afd0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 6462 (line 6).* gdb\n+0000afe0: 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 info: \n 0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b000: 2020 2020 2067 6462 696e 666f 2e20 2020 gdbinfo. \n-0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b020: 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a20 e 6).* gettext: \n+0000b000: 2020 2020 6764 6269 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 gdbinfo. \n+0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000b020: 2036 290a 2a20 6765 7474 6578 743a 2020 6).* gettext: \n 0000b030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6765 ge\n-0000b050: 7474 6578 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ttext. \n-0000b060: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b070: 6770 7473 796e 633a 2020 2020 2020 2020 gptsync: \n+0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6574 get\n+0000b050: 7465 7874 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 text. \n+0000b060: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 (line 6).* g\n+0000b070: 7074 7379 6e63 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ptsync: \n 0000b080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b090: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2e20 gptsync. \n-0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000b0b0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 616c 743a 2020 ine 6).* halt: \n+0000b090: 2020 2020 2020 6770 7473 796e 632e 2020 gptsync. \n+0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b0b0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6861 6c74 3a20 2020 ne 6).* halt: \n 0000b0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0e0: 6861 6c74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 halt. \n-0000b0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b100: 2a20 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 * hashsum: \n+0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n+0000b0e0: 616c 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alt. \n+0000b0f0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b100: 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 hashsum: \n 0000b110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 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(line 6).* i\n-0000b270: 6e73 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nsmod: \n+0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 init\n+0000b250: 7264 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd16. \n+0000b260: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e (line 6).* in\n+0000b270: 736d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 smod: \n 0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b290: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 insmod. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000b2b0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 ne 6).* keystatu\n-0000b2c0: 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s: \n-0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n-0000b2e0: 6579 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2020 2020 2020 eystatus. \n-0000b2f0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b300: 206c 696e 7578 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 linux: \n+0000b290: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 insmod. \n+0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b2b0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206b 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(l\n+0000bc60: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f ine 6).* parttoo\n+0000bc70: 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l: \n 0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc90: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 parttool. \n-0000bca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000bcb0: 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2020 2020 .* password: \n+0000bc90: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 parttool. \n+0000bca0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000bcb0: 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a20 2020 2020 * password: \n 0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f passwo\n-0000bce0: 7264 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd. \n-0000bcf0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7373 (line 6).* pass\n-0000bd00: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 2020 2020 word_pbkdf2: \n+0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 passwor\n+0000bce0: 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+0000bcf0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 (line 6).* passw\n+0000bd00: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2020 2020 ord_pbkdf2: \n 0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd20: 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 password_pbkd\n-0000bd30: 6632 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 f2. (line \n-0000bd40: 3629 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 6).* plainmount:\n+0000bd20: 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 password_pbkdf\n+0000bd30: 322e 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 2. (line 6\n+0000bd40: 290a 2a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 ).* plainmount: \n 0000bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 plai\n-0000bd70: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nmount. \n-0000bd80: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c (line 6).* pl\n-0000bd90: 6179 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ay: \n+0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e plain\n+0000bd70: 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mount. \n+0000bd80: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6c61 (line 6).* pla\n+0000bd90: 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y: \n 0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdb0: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 792e 2020 2020 2020 play. \n-0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000bdd0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a20 2020 e 6).* probe: \n+0000bdb0: 2020 2020 706c 6179 2e20 2020 2020 2020 play. \n+0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000bdd0: 2036 290a 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 2020 2020 6).* probe: \n 0000bde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 pr\n-0000be00: 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 obe. \n-0000be10: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000be20: 7264 6d73 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr: \n+0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f pro\n+0000be00: 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n+0000be10: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 (line 6).* r\n+0000be20: 646d 7372 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dmsr: \n 0000be30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be40: 2020 2020 2020 2072 646d 7372 2e20 2020 rdmsr. \n-0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000be60: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6561 643a 2020 ine 6).* read: \n+0000be40: 2020 2020 2020 7264 6d73 722e 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n+0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000be60: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6164 3a20 2020 ne 6).* read: \n 0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be90: 7265 6164 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 read. \n-0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000beb0: 2a20 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * reboot: \n+0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n+0000be90: 6561 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ead. \n+0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000beb0: 2072 6562 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 reboot: \n 0000bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e reboot.\n-0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bef0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 (line 6).* regex\n-0000bf00: 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p: \n+0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 626f 6f74 2e20 reboot. \n+0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000bef0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 line 6).* regexp\n+0000bf00: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf20: 2020 7265 6765 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 regexp. \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bf40: 290a 2a20 726d 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 ).* rmmod: \n+0000bf20: 2072 6567 6578 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 regexp. \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000bf40: 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* rmmod: \n 0000bf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 rmmod\n-0000bf70: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000bf80: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 (line 6).* sav\n-0000bf90: 655f 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e_env: \n+0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 726d 6d6f 642e rmmod.\n+0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bf80: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7361 7665 (line 6).* save\n+0000bf90: 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _env: \n 0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bfb0: 2020 2020 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 save_env. \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000bfd0: 2036 290a 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 6).* search: \n+0000bfb0: 2020 2073 6176 655f 656e 762e 2020 2020 save_env. \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000bfd0: 3629 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a 2020 2020 6).* search: \n 0000bfe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 sea\n-0000c000: 7263 682e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rch. \n-0000c010: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n-0000c020: 656e 646b 6579 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 endkey: \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n+0000c000: 6368 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ch. \n+0000c010: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 (line 6).* se\n+0000c020: 6e64 6b65 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ndkey: \n 0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c040: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 sendkey. \n-0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c060: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 ne 6).* serial: \n+0000c040: 2020 2020 2073 656e 646b 6579 2e20 2020 sendkey. \n+0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000c060: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 2020 e 6).* serial: \n 0000c070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-0000c090: 6572 6961 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 erial. \n-0000c0a0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c0b0: 2073 6574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set: \n+0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+0000c090: 7269 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rial. \n+0000c0a0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c0b0: 7365 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set: \n 0000c0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 set. \n-0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000c0f0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 line 6).* sha1su\n-0000c100: 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m: \n+0000c0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2e20 2020 2020 set. \n+0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000c0f0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d ine 6).* sha1sum\n+0000c100: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c120: 2073 6861 3173 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 sha1sum. \n-0000c130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c140: 0a2a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 .* sha256sum: \n+0000c120: 7368 6131 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 sha1sum. \n+0000c130: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c140: 2a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 * sha256sum: \n 0000c150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 sha256\n-0000c170: 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum. \n-0000c180: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 (line 6).* sha5\n-0000c190: 3132 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 12sum: \n+0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 3235 3673 sha256s\n+0000c170: 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um. \n+0000c180: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 (line 6).* sha51\n+0000c190: 3273 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2sum: \n 0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1b0: 2020 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2e20 2020 sha512sum. \n-0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000c1d0: 3629 0a2a 2073 6c65 6570 3a20 2020 2020 6).* sleep: \n+0000c1b0: 2020 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 sha512sum. \n+0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c1d0: 290a 2a20 736c 6565 703a 2020 2020 2020 ).* sleep: \n 0000c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6565 slee\n-0000c200: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p. \n-0000c210: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736d (line 6).* sm\n-0000c220: 6269 6f73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bios: \n+0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 sleep\n+0000c200: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000c210: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6d62 (line 6).* smb\n+0000c220: 696f 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ios: \n 0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c240: 2020 2020 2073 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 smbios. \n-0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000c260: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 e 6).* source: \n+0000c240: 2020 2020 736d 6269 6f73 2e20 2020 2020 smbios. \n+0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000c260: 2036 290a 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a20 2020 6).* source: \n 0000c270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f so\n-0000c290: 7572 6365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 urce. \n-0000c2a0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000c2b0: 7375 626d 656e 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 submenu: \n+0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6f75 sou\n+0000c290: 7263 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rce. \n+0000c2a0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n+0000c2b0: 7562 6d65 6e75 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ubmenu: \n 0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 submenu. \n-0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000c2f0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ine 6).* termina\n-0000c300: 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_input: \n-0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c320: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 terminal_input. \n-0000c330: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000c340: 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 * terminal_outpu\n-0000c350: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n-0000c360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 termina\n-0000c370: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 l_output. \n-0000c380: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 (line 6).* termi\n-0000c390: 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nfo: \n+0000c2d0: 2020 2020 2020 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 submenu. \n+0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000c2f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c ne 6).* terminal\n+0000c300: 5f69 6e70 7574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _input: \n+0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+0000c320: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742e 2020 erminal_input. \n+0000c330: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000c340: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n+0000c350: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c terminal\n+0000c370: 5f6f 7574 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 2028 _output. (\n+0000c380: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e line 6).* termin\n+0000c390: 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fo: \n 0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3b0: 2020 7465 726d 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 terminfo. \n-0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000c3d0: 290a 2a20 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ).* test: \n+0000c3b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 terminfo. \n+0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000c3d0: 0a2a 2074 6573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* test: \n 0000c3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6573 742e test.\n+0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 7374 2e20 test. \n 0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c410: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 (line 6).* tru\n-0000c420: 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e: \n+0000c410: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7472 7565 (line 6).* true\n+0000c420: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000c430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c440: 2020 2020 7472 7565 2e20 2020 2020 2020 true. \n-0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c460: 2036 290a 2a20 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 6).* trust: \n+0000c440: 2020 2074 7275 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 true. \n+0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000c460: 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a20 2020 2020 6).* trust: \n 0000c470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 tru\n-0000c490: 7374 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st. \n-0000c4a0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2075 (line 6).* u\n-0000c4b0: 6e73 6574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nset: \n+0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7573 trus\n+0000c490: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n+0000c4a0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 756e (line 6).* un\n+0000c4b0: 7365 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set: \n 0000c4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c4d0: 2020 2020 2020 756e 7365 742e 2020 2020 unset. \n-0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c4f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 ne 6).* verify_d\n-0000c500: 6574 6163 6865 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 etached: \n-0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 v\n-0000c520: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2e20 erify_detached. \n-0000c530: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c540: 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 videoinfo: \n+0000c4d0: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 2020 2020 unset. \n+0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000c4f0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 e 6).* verify_de\n+0000c500: 7461 6368 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tached: \n+0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 ve\n+0000c520: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642e 2020 rify_detached. \n+0000c530: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c540: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 videoinfo: \n 0000c550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 videoinf\n-0000c570: 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 o. (\n-0000c580: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a line 6).* wrmsr:\n+0000c560: 2020 2020 2020 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f videoinfo\n+0000c570: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c . (l\n+0000c580: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a20 ine 6).* wrmsr: \n 0000c590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000c5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5b0: 2077 726d 7372 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 wrmsr. \n-0000c5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c5d0: 0a2a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f .* xen_hyperviso\n-0000c5e0: 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r: \n-0000c5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e5f 6879 xen_hy\n-0000c600: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2e20 2020 2020 2020 pervisor. \n-0000c610: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f (line 6).* xen_\n-0000c620: 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 module: \n+0000c5b0: 7772 6d73 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wrmsr. \n+0000c5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c5d0: 2a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 * xen_hypervisor\n+0000c5e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2078 656e 5f68 7970 xen_hyp\n+0000c600: 6572 7669 736f 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 ervisor. \n+0000c610: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2078 656e 5f6d (line 6).* xen_m\n+0000c620: 6f64 756c 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 odule: \n 0000c630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c640: 2020 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 xen_module. \n-0000c650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000c660: 3629 0a0a 6)..\n+0000c640: 2020 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 xen_module. \n+0000c650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c660: 290a 0a )..\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info", "source2": "grub.info", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,541 +1,541 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 312e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7.1.1 from grub.\n 00000040: 7465 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 texi...This manu\n 00000050: 616c 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 al is for GNU GR\n 00000060: 5542 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 UB (version 2.12\n-00000070: 2c20 3520 4465 6365 6d62 6572 2032 3032 , 5 December 202\n-00000080: 3429 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 4)... 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5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n-00000fa0: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 7f31 3534 3031 340a oot_file.154014.\n-00000fb0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__clientid.1\n-00000fd0: 3534 3234 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 54249.Node: net_\n-00000fe0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n-00000ff0: 6e74 7575 6964 7f31 3534 3439 310a 4e6f ntuuid.154491.No\n-00001000: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__dhcp_server_\n-00001020: 6e61 6d65 7f31 3534 3734 340a 4e6f 6465 name.154744.Node\n-00001030: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__domain.155007.\n-00001050: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__extensions\n-00001070: 7061 7468 7f31 3535 3235 340a 4e6f 6465 path.155254.Node\n-00001080: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__hostname.15550\n-000010a0: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 9.Node: net__ip.15574\n-000010c0: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 8.Node: net__mac.1559\n-000010e0: 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 64.Node: net__next_se\n-00001100: 7276 6572 7f31 3536 3138 350a 4e6f 6465 rver.156185.Node\n-00001110: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__rootpath.15642\n-00001130: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 8.Node: net_defa\n-00001140: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 657f 3135 ult_interface.15\n-00001150: 3636 3637 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6667.Node: net_d\n-00001160: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 707f 3135 3638 3837 efault_ip.156887\n-00001170: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 .Node: net_defau\n-00001180: 6c74 5f6d 6163 7f31 3537 3038 340a 4e6f lt_mac.157084.No\n-00001190: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: net_default_\n-000011a0: 7365 7276 6572 7f31 3537 3238 300a 4e6f server.157280.No\n-000011b0: 6465 3a20 7061 6765 727f 3135 3734 3733 de: pager.157473\n-000011c0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 7265 6669 787f 3135 .Node: prefix.15\n-000011d0: 3737 3333 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f62 7733.Node: pxe_b\n-000011e0: 6c6b 7369 7a65 7f31 3538 3139 300a 4e6f lksize.158190.No\n-000011f0: 6465 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: pxe_default_\n-00001200: 6761 7465 7761 797f 3135 3833 3637 0a4e gateway.158367.N\n-00001210: 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ode: pxe_default\n-00001220: 5f73 6572 7665 727f 3135 3835 3732 0a4e _server.158572.N\n-00001230: 6f64 653a 2072 6f6f 747f 3135 3837 3638 ode: root.158768\n-00001240: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b .Node: shim_lock\n-00001250: 7f31 3539 3332 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 .159328.Node: su\n-00001260: 7065 7275 7365 7273 7f31 3539 3539 390a perusers.159599.\n-00001270: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 656d 657f 3135 3938 Node: theme.1598\n-00001280: 3532 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 52.Node: timeout\n-00001290: 7f31 3630 3137 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 .160177.Node: ti\n-000012a0: 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 657f 3136 3038 meout_style.1608\n-000012b0: 3338 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 706d 5f66 6169 38.Node: tpm_fai\n-000012c0: 6c5f 6661 7461 6c7f 3136 3132 3632 0a4e l_fatal.161262.N\n-000012d0: 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ode: Environment\n-000012e0: 2062 6c6f 636b 7f31 3631 3934 370a 4e6f block.161947.No\n-000012f0: 6465 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 737f 3136 3334 de: Modules.1634\n-00001300: 3033 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6c69 7f31 3633 03.Node: bli.163\n-00001310: 3638 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 688.Node: Comman\n-00001320: 6473 7f31 3634 3636 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ds.164667.Node: \n-00001330: 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f Menu-specific co\n-00001340: 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3635 3535 360a 4e6f mmands.165556.No\n-00001350: 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 797f 3136 de: menuentry.16\n-00001360: 3632 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 7562 6d65 6275.Node: subme\n-00001370: 6e75 7f31 3637 3836 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 nu.167864.Node: \n-00001380: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f Loader commands.\n-00001390: 3136 3833 3937 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6861 168397.Node: cha\n-000013a0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 7f31 3730 3839 330a inloader.170893.\n-000013b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 7f31 3731 Node: initrd.171\n-000013c0: 3538 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 586.Node: initrd\n-000013d0: 3136 7f31 3733 3738 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 16.173782.Node: \n-000013e0: 6c69 6e75 787f 3137 3433 3838 0a4e 6f64 linux.174388.Nod\n-000013f0: 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 7f31 3735 3239 e: linux16.17529\n-00001400: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 5.Node: xen_hype\n-00001410: 7276 6973 6f72 7f31 3736 3030 300a 4e6f rvisor.176000.No\n-00001420: 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f31 de: xen_module.1\n-00001430: 3736 3434 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 76444.Node: Gene\n-00001440: 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3736 ral commands.176\n-00001450: 3934 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 7269 616c 945.Node: serial\n-00001460: 7f31 3737 3339 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 .177395.Node: te\n-00001470: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 7f31 3739 rminal_input.179\n-00001480: 3236 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 267.Node: termin\n-00001490: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 747f 3137 3939 3337 al_output.179937\n-000014a0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f7f .Node: terminfo.\n-000014b0: 3138 3036 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 180608.Node: Com\n-000014c0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000014d0: 6473 7f31 3831 3839 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ds.181895.Node: \n-000014e0: 5b7f 3138 3730 3332 0a4e 6f64 653a 2061 [.187032.Node: a\n-000014f0: 6370 697f 3138 3732 3033 0a4e 6f64 653a cpi.187203.Node:\n-00001500: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 657f 3138 authenticate.18\n-00001510: 3834 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 8475.Node: backg\n-00001520: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 727f 3138 3838 round_color.1888\n-00001530: 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 95.Node: backgro\n-00001540: 756e 645f 696d 6167 657f 3138 3935 3537 und_image.189557\n-00001550: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d7f 3139 .Node: badram.19\n-00001560: 3030 3938 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b 0098.Node: block\n-00001570: 6c69 7374 7f31 3931 3437 330a 4e6f 6465 list.191473.Node\n-00001580: 3a20 626f 6f74 7f31 3931 3639 320a 4e6f : boot.191692.No\n-00001590: 6465 3a20 6361 747f 3139 3139 3939 0a4e de: cat.191999.N\n-000015a0: 6f64 653a 2063 6c65 6172 7f31 3932 3937 ode: clear.19297\n-000015b0: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6.Node: cmosclea\n-000015c0: 6e7f 3139 3331 3339 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 n.193139.Node: c\n-000015d0: 6d6f 7364 756d 707f 3139 3334 3238 0a4e mosdump.193428.N\n-000015e0: 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 747f 3139 ode: cmostest.19\n-000015f0: 3337 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 7f31 3708.Node: cmp.1\n-00001600: 3934 3035 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 94051.Node: conf\n-00001610: 6967 6669 6c65 7f31 3934 3830 360a 4e6f igfile.194806.No\n-00001620: 6465 3a20 6370 7569 647f 3139 3532 3230 de: cpuid.195220\n-00001630: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 7263 7f31 3935 3738 .Node: crc.19578\n-00001640: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 8.Node: cryptomo\n-00001650: 756e 747f 3139 3630 3535 0a4e 6f64 653a unt.196055.Node:\n-00001660: 2063 7574 6d65 6d7f 3139 3833 3235 0a4e cutmem.198325.N\n-00001670: 6f64 653a 2064 6174 657f 3139 3931 3933 ode: date.199193\n-00001680: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 .Node: devicetre\n-00001690: 657f 3139 3937 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a 2064 e.199722.Node: d\n-000016a0: 6973 7472 7573 747f 3230 3032 3439 0a4e istrust.200249.N\n-000016b0: 6f64 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 707f 3230 ode: drivemap.20\n-000016c0: 3130 3335 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6368 6f7f 1035.Node: echo.\n-000016d0: 3230 3138 3732 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 201872.Node: efi\n-000016e0: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 7f32 3032 3834 370a textmode.202847.\n-000016f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 616c 7f32 3035 3038 Node: eval.20508\n-00001700: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 7f32 1.Node: export.2\n-00001710: 3035 3335 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 05356.Node: fals\n-00001720: 657f 3230 3536 3536 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 e.205656.Node: f\n-00001730: 7773 6574 7570 7f32 3035 3934 350a 4e6f wsetup.205945.No\n-00001740: 6465 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f7f 3230 3632 de: gdbinfo.2062\n-00001750: 3934 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 94.Node: gettext\n-00001760: 7f32 3036 3833 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6770 .206833.Node: gp\n-00001770: 7473 796e 637f 3230 3732 3739 0a4e 6f64 tsync.207279.Nod\n-00001780: 653a 2068 616c 747f 3230 3832 3231 0a4e e: halt.208221.N\n-00001790: 6f64 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d 7f32 3038 ode: hashsum.208\n-000017a0: 3630 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 7f32 601.Node: help.2\n-000017b0: 3039 3930 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 09902.Node: hexd\n-000017c0: 756d 707f 3231 3033 3535 0a4e 6f64 653a ump.210355.Node:\n-000017d0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 647f 3231 3039 3732 0a4e insmod.210972.N\n-000017e0: 6f64 653a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 7f32 ode: keystatus.2\n-000017f0: 3131 3137 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 11178.Node: list\n-00001800: 5f65 6e76 7f32 3131 3830 330a 4e6f 6465 _env.211803.Node\n-00001810: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 7f32 : list_trusted.2\n-00001820: 3132 3135 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 12158.Node: load\n-00001830: 5f65 6e76 7f32 3132 3733 340a 4e6f 6465 _env.212734.Node\n-00001840: 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 7f32 3134 3432 : loadfont.21442\n-00001850: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0.Node: loopback\n-00001860: 7f32 3134 3738 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .214784.Node: ls\n-00001870: 7f32 3135 3337 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .215376.Node: ls\n-00001880: 666f 6e74 737f 3231 3539 3033 0a4e 6f64 fonts.215903.Nod\n-00001890: 653a 206c 736d 6f64 7f32 3136 3037 300a e: lsmod.216070.\n-000018a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 7f32 3136 Node: md5sum.216\n-000018b0: 3234 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 245.Node: module\n-000018c0: 7f32 3136 3531 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 .216517.Node: mu\n-000018d0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 747f 3231 3638 3134 0a4e ltiboot.216814.N\n-000018e0: 6f64 653a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b7f ode: nativedisk.\n-000018f0: 3231 3739 3132 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 217912.Node: nor\n-00001900: 6d61 6c7f 3231 3832 3936 0a4e 6f64 653a mal.218296.Node:\n-00001910: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 7f32 3139 normal_exit.219\n-00001920: 3036 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7274 746f 064.Node: partto\n-00001930: 6f6c 7f32 3139 3337 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ol.219371.Node: \n-00001940: 7061 7373 776f 7264 7f32 3230 3839 380a password.220898.\n-00001950: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 Node: password_p\n-00001960: 626b 6466 327f 3232 3131 3635 0a4e 6f64 bkdf2.221165.Nod\n-00001970: 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 747f 3232 e: plainmount.22\n-00001980: 3135 3638 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 1568.Node: plain\n-00001990: 6d6f 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f mount-Footnotes.\n-000019a0: 3232 3533 3330 0a52 6566 3a20 706c 6169 225330.Ref: plai\n-000019b0: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d nmount-Footnote-\n-000019c0: 317f 3232 3533 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 1.225395.Node: p\n-000019d0: 6c61 797f 3232 3534 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a lay.225486.Node:\n-000019e0: 2070 726f 6265 7f32 3236 3231 340a 4e6f probe.226214.No\n-000019f0: 6465 3a20 7264 6d73 727f 3232 3636 3835 de: rdmsr.226685\n-00001a00: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 647f 3232 3734 .Node: read.2274\n-00001a10: 3537 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 747f 57.Node: reboot.\n-00001a20: 3232 3739 3030 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 227900.Node: reg\n-00001a30: 6578 707f 3232 3830 3638 0a4e 6f64 653a exp.228068.Node:\n-00001a40: 2072 6d6d 6f64 7f32 3238 3630 300a 4e6f rmmod.228600.No\n-00001a50: 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 7f32 3238 de: save_env.228\n-00001a60: 3737 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 778.Node: search\n-00001a70: 7f32 3239 3739 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 .229795.Node: se\n-00001a80: 6e64 6b65 797f 3233 3134 3039 0a4e 6f64 ndkey.231409.Nod\n-00001a90: 653a 2073 6574 7f32 3337 3932 330a 4e6f e: set.237923.No\n-00001aa0: 6465 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d7f 3233 3833 de: sha1sum.2383\n-00001ab0: 3335 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 35.Node: sha256s\n-00001ac0: 756d 7f32 3338 3631 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 um.238613.Node: \n-00001ad0: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d7f 3233 3839 3035 sha512sum.238905\n-00001ae0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 7f32 3339 .Node: sleep.239\n-00001af0: 3139 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 195.Node: smbios\n-00001b00: 7f32 3339 3730 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f .239708.Node: so\n-00001b10: 7572 6365 7f32 3432 3737 320a 4e6f 6465 urce.242772.Node\n-00001b20: 3a20 7465 7374 7f32 3433 3331 380a 4e6f : test.243318.No\n-00001b30: 6465 3a20 7472 7565 7f32 3436 3139 320a de: true.246192.\n-00001b40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7573 747f 3234 3634 Node: trust.2464\n-00001b50: 3731 0a4e 6f64 653a 2075 6e73 6574 7f32 71.Node: unset.2\n-00001b60: 3437 3237 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 47274.Node: veri\n-00001b70: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 647f 3234 3734 fy_detached.2474\n-00001b80: 3733 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 73.Node: videoin\n-00001b90: 666f 7f32 3438 3531 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 fo.248517.Node: \n-00001ba0: 7772 6d73 727f 3234 3837 3830 0a4e 6f64 wrmsr.248780.Nod\n-00001bb0: 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f e: Networking co\n-00001bc0: 6d6d 616e 6473 7f32 3439 3535 360a 4e6f mmands.249556.No\n-00001bd0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 de: net_add_addr\n-00001be0: 7f32 3530 3632 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .250629.Node: ne\n-00001bf0: 745f 6164 645f 646e 737f 3235 3131 3533 t_add_dns.251153\n-00001c00: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 .Node: net_add_r\n-00001c10: 6f75 7465 7f32 3531 3432 390a 4e6f 6465 oute.251429.Node\n-00001c20: 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 707f 3235 3139 : net_bootp.2519\n-00001c30: 3537 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 57.Node: net_del\n-00001c40: 5f61 6464 727f 3235 3233 3232 0a4e 6f64 _addr.252322.Nod\n-00001c50: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 7f32 e: net_del_dns.2\n-00001c60: 3532 3536 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 52562.Node: net_\n-00001c70: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 657f 3235 3238 3039 del_route.252809\n-00001c80: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 707f .Node: net_dhcp.\n-00001c90: 3235 3330 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 253043.Node: net\n-00001ca0: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n-00001cb0: 7f32 3535 3131 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .255118.Node: ne\n-00001cc0: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 667f 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cue.309182.Node:\n-00002070: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00002080: 6f75 6e74 7f33 3131 3034 300a 4e6f 6465 ount.311040.Node\n-00002090: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-000020a0: 7072 6f62 657f 3331 3431 3934 0a4e 6f64 probe.314194.Nod\n-000020b0: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n-000020c0: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b7f 3331 -script-check.31\n-000020d0: 3639 3537 0a4e 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 6957.Node: Obtai\n-000020e0: 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e ning and Buildin\n-000020f0: 6720 4752 5542 7f33 3137 3731 340a 4e6f g GRUB.317714.No\n-00002100: 6465 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 de: Reporting bu\n-00002110: 6773 7f33 3138 3935 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 gs.318959.Node: \n-00002120: 4675 7475 7265 7f33 3231 3738 330a 4e6f Future.321783.No\n-00002130: 6465 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 de: Copying This\n-00002140: 204d 616e 7561 6c7f 3332 3231 3833 0a4e Manual.322183.N\n-00002150: 6f64 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6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 like scripting-F\n+000009f0: 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 317f 3739 3934 350a ootnote-1.79945.\n+00000a00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 Node: Multi-boot\n+00000a10: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 7f38 manual config.8\n+00000a20: 3030 3732 0a4e 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 6564 0072.Node: Embed\n+00000a30: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n+00000a40: 6e7f 3833 3639 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5468 n.83695.Node: Th\n+00000a50: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 747f eme file format.\n+00000a60: 3836 3633 310a 5265 663a 2050 6978 6d61 86631.Ref: Pixma\n+00000a70: 702d 7374 796c 6564 2070 726f 6772 6573 p-styled progres\n+00000a80: 7320 6261 727f 3838 3039 360a 5265 663a s bar.88096.Ref:\n+00000a90: 2050 6c61 696e 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 Plain progress \n+00000aa0: 6261 722c 2064 7261 776e 2077 6974 6820 bar, drawn with \n+00000ab0: 736f 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 722e 7f38 3831 solid color..881\n+00000ac0: 3037 0a52 6566 3a20 416e 2065 7861 6d70 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7061 7468 7f31 3432 3434 350a 4e6f mdpath.142445.No\n+00000dd0: 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 de: color_highli\n+00000de0: 6768 747f 3134 3238 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a ght.142876.Node:\n+00000df0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c7f 3134 color_normal.14\n+00000e00: 3332 3936 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 3296.Node: confi\n+00000e10: 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 797f 3134 3530 g_directory.1450\n+00000e20: 3531 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 51.Node: config_\n+00000e30: 6669 6c65 7f31 3435 3334 350a 4e6f 6465 file.145345.Node\n+00000e40: 3a20 6465 6275 677f 3134 3537 3436 0a4e : debug.145746.N\n+00000e50: 6f64 653a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7f31 3436 ode: default.146\n+00000e60: 3731 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 719.Node: fallba\n+00000e70: 636b 7f31 3438 3137 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ck.148175.Node: \n+00000e80: 6766 786d 6f64 657f 3134 3835 3132 0a4e gfxmode.148512.N\n+00000e90: 6f64 653a 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 647f ode: gfxpayload.\n+00000ea0: 3134 3933 3432 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 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3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n+00000fa0: 6f74 5f66 696c 657f 3135 3430 3132 0a4e ot_file.154012.N\n+00000fb0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__clientid.15\n+00000fd0: 3432 3437 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 4247.Node: net_<\n+00000fe0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n+00000ff0: 7475 7569 647f 3135 3434 3839 0a4e 6f64 tuuid.154489.Nod\n+00001000: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__dhcp_server_n\n+00001020: 616d 657f 3135 3437 3432 0a4e 6f64 653a ame.154742.Node:\n+00001030: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00001040: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6e7f 3135 3530 3035 0a4e _domain.155005.N\n+00001050: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__extensionsp\n+00001070: 6174 687f 3135 3532 3532 0a4e 6f64 653a ath.155252.Node:\n+00001080: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00001090: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 657f 3135 3535 3037 _hostname.155507\n+000010a0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 .Node: 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minal_input.1792\n+00001480: 3635 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 65.Node: termina\n+00001490: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 7f31 3739 3933 350a l_output.179935.\n+000014a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 7f31 Node: terminfo.1\n+000014b0: 3830 3630 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 80606.Node: Comm\n+000014c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+000014d0: 737f 3138 3138 3933 0a4e 6f64 653a 205b s.181893.Node: [\n+000014e0: 7f31 3837 3033 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6163 .187030.Node: ac\n+000014f0: 7069 7f31 3837 3230 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 pi.187201.Node: \n+00001500: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 7f31 3838 authenticate.188\n+00001510: 3437 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 473.Node: backgr\n+00001520: 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 7f31 3838 3839 ound_color.18889\n+00001530: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 3.Node: backgrou\n+00001540: 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 7f31 3839 3535 350a nd_image.189555.\n+00001550: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 6472 616d 7f31 3930 Node: badram.190\n+00001560: 3039 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 096.Node: blockl\n+00001570: 6973 747f 3139 3134 3731 0a4e 6f64 653a ist.191471.Node:\n+00001580: 2062 6f6f 747f 3139 3136 3930 0a4e 6f64 boot.191690.Nod\n+00001590: 653a 2063 6174 7f31 3931 3939 370a 4e6f e: cat.191997.No\n+000015a0: 6465 3a20 636c 6561 727f 3139 3239 3734 de: clear.192974\n+000015b0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e .Node: cmosclean\n+000015c0: 7f31 3933 3133 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .193137.Node: cm\n+000015d0: 6f73 6475 6d70 7f31 3933 3432 360a 4e6f osdump.193426.No\n+000015e0: 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 7f31 3933 de: cmostest.193\n+000015f0: 3730 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 707f 3139 706.Node: cmp.19\n+00001600: 3430 3439 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 4049.Node: confi\n+00001610: 6766 696c 657f 3139 3438 3034 0a4e 6f64 gfile.194804.Nod\n+00001620: 653a 2063 7075 6964 7f31 3935 3231 380a e: cpuid.195218.\n+00001630: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 637f 3139 3537 3836 Node: crc.195786\n+00001640: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 .Node: cryptomou\n+00001650: 6e74 7f31 3936 3035 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 nt.196053.Node: \n+00001660: 6375 746d 656d 7f31 3938 3332 330a 4e6f cutmem.198323.No\n+00001670: 6465 3a20 6461 7465 7f31 3939 3139 310a de: date.199191.\n+00001680: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 Node: devicetree\n+00001690: 7f31 3939 3732 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 .199720.Node: di\n+000016a0: 7374 7275 7374 7f32 3030 3234 370a 4e6f strust.200247.No\n+000016b0: 6465 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 7f32 3031 de: drivemap.201\n+000016c0: 3033 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 7f32 033.Node: echo.2\n+000016d0: 3031 3837 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6566 6974 01870.Node: efit\n+000016e0: 6578 746d 6f64 657f 3230 3238 3435 0a4e extmode.202845.N\n+000016f0: 6f64 653a 2065 7661 6c7f 3230 3530 3739 ode: eval.205079\n+00001700: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 7870 6f72 747f 3230 .Node: export.20\n+00001710: 3533 3534 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 7365 5354.Node: false\n+00001720: 7f32 3035 3635 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6677 .205654.Node: fw\n+00001730: 7365 7475 707f 3230 3539 3433 0a4e 6f64 setup.205943.Nod\n+00001740: 653a 2067 6462 696e 666f 7f32 3036 3239 e: gdbinfo.20629\n+00001750: 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 747f 2.Node: gettext.\n+00001760: 3230 3638 3331 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 206831.Node: gpt\n+00001770: 7379 6e63 7f32 3037 3237 370a 4e6f 6465 sync.207277.Node\n+00001780: 3a20 6861 6c74 7f32 3038 3231 390a 4e6f : halt.208219.No\n+00001790: 6465 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d7f 3230 3835 de: hashsum.2085\n+000017a0: 3939 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 656c 707f 3230 99.Node: help.20\n+000017b0: 3939 3030 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 9900.Node: hexdu\n+000017c0: 6d70 7f32 3130 3335 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 mp.210353.Node: \n+000017d0: 696e 736d 6f64 7f32 3130 3937 300a 4e6f insmod.210970.No\n+000017e0: 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 737f 3231 de: keystatus.21\n+000017f0: 3131 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 1176.Node: list_\n+00001800: 656e 767f 3231 3138 3031 0a4e 6f64 653a env.211801.Node:\n+00001810: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 647f 3231 list_trusted.21\n+00001820: 3231 3536 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 645f 2156.Node: load_\n+00001830: 656e 767f 3231 3237 3332 0a4e 6f64 653a env.212732.Node:\n+00001840: 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 747f 3231 3434 3138 loadfont.214418\n+00001850: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b7f .Node: loopback.\n+00001860: 3231 3437 3832 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 737f 214782.Node: ls.\n+00001870: 3231 3533 3734 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 215374.Node: lsf\n+00001880: 6f6e 7473 7f32 3135 3930 310a 4e6f 6465 onts.215901.Node\n+00001890: 3a20 6c73 6d6f 647f 3231 3630 3638 0a4e : lsmod.216068.N\n+000018a0: 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 6d7f 3231 3632 ode: md5sum.2162\n+000018b0: 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 657f 43.Node: module.\n+000018c0: 3231 3635 3135 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 756c 216515.Node: mul\n+000018d0: 7469 626f 6f74 7f32 3136 3831 320a 4e6f tiboot.216812.No\n+000018e0: 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 7f32 de: nativedisk.2\n+000018f0: 3137 3931 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 17910.Node: norm\n+00001900: 616c 7f32 3138 3239 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 al.218294.Node: \n+00001910: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 747f 3231 3930 normal_exit.2190\n+00001920: 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 62.Node: parttoo\n+00001930: 6c7f 3231 3933 3639 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 l.219369.Node: p\n+00001940: 6173 7377 6f72 647f 3232 3038 3936 0a4e assword.220896.N\n+00001950: 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 ode: password_pb\n+00001960: 6b64 6632 7f32 3231 3136 330a 4e6f 6465 kdf2.221163.Node\n+00001970: 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 7f32 3231 : plainmount.221\n+00001980: 3536 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 566.Node: plainm\n+00001990: 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 7f32 ount-Footnotes.2\n+000019a0: 3235 3332 380a 5265 663a 2070 6c61 696e 25328.Ref: plain\n+000019b0: 6d6f 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 mount-Footnote-1\n+000019c0: 7f32 3235 3339 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c .225393.Node: pl\n+000019d0: 6179 7f32 3235 3438 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ay.225484.Node: \n+000019e0: 7072 6f62 657f 3232 3632 3132 0a4e 6f64 probe.226212.Nod\n+000019f0: 653a 2072 646d 7372 7f32 3236 3638 330a e: rdmsr.226683.\n+00001a00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6164 7f32 3237 3435 Node: read.22745\n+00001a10: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 7f32 5.Node: reboot.2\n+00001a20: 3237 3839 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 27898.Node: rege\n+00001a30: 7870 7f32 3238 3036 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 xp.228066.Node: \n+00001a40: 726d 6d6f 647f 3232 3835 3938 0a4e 6f64 rmmod.228598.Nod\n+00001a50: 653a 2073 6176 655f 656e 767f 3232 3837 e: save_env.2287\n+00001a60: 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 687f 76.Node: search.\n+00001a70: 3232 3937 3933 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 229793.Node: sen\n+00001a80: 646b 6579 7f32 3331 3430 370a 4e6f 6465 dkey.231407.Node\n+00001a90: 3a20 7365 747f 3233 3739 3231 0a4e 6f64 : set.237921.Nod\n+00001aa0: 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d 7f32 3338 3333 e: sha1sum.23833\n+00001ab0: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 3.Node: sha256su\n+00001ac0: 6d7f 3233 3836 3131 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 m.238611.Node: s\n+00001ad0: 6861 3531 3273 756d 7f32 3338 3930 330a ha512sum.238903.\n+00001ae0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 736c 6565 707f 3233 3931 Node: sleep.2391\n+00001af0: 3933 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f 737f 93.Node: smbios.\n+00001b00: 3233 3937 3036 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6f75 239706.Node: sou\n+00001b10: 7263 657f 3234 3237 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a rce.242770.Node:\n+00001b20: 2074 6573 747f 3234 3333 3136 0a4e 6f64 test.243316.Nod\n+00001b30: 653a 2074 7275 657f 3234 3631 3930 0a4e e: true.246190.N\n+00001b40: 6f64 653a 2074 7275 7374 7f32 3436 3436 ode: trust.24646\n+00001b50: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 747f 3234 9.Node: unset.24\n+00001b60: 3732 3732 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 7272.Node: verif\n+00001b70: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 7f32 3437 3437 y_detached.24747\n+00001b80: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 1.Node: videoinf\n+00001b90: 6f7f 3234 3835 3135 0a4e 6f64 653a 2077 o.248515.Node: w\n+00001ba0: 726d 7372 7f32 3438 3737 380a 4e6f 6465 rmsr.248778.Node\n+00001bb0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+00001bc0: 6d61 6e64 737f 3234 3935 3534 0a4e 6f64 mands.249554.Nod\n+00001bd0: 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 727f e: net_add_addr.\n+00001be0: 3235 3036 3237 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 250627.Node: net\n+00001bf0: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 7f32 3531 3135 310a _add_dns.251151.\n+00001c00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f Node: net_add_ro\n+00001c10: 7574 657f 3235 3134 3237 0a4e 6f64 653a ute.251427.Node:\n+00001c20: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 7f32 3531 3935 net_bootp.25195\n+00001c30: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 5.Node: net_del_\n+00001c40: 6164 6472 7f32 3532 3332 300a 4e6f 6465 addr.252320.Node\n+00001c50: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 737f 3235 : net_del_dns.25\n+00001c60: 3235 3630 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 2560.Node: net_d\n+00001c70: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 7f32 3532 3830 370a el_route.252807.\n+00001c80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 7f32 Node: net_dhcp.2\n+00001c90: 3533 3034 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 53041.Node: net_\n+00001ca0: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e7f get_dhcp_option.\n+00001cb0: 3235 3531 3136 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 255116.Node: net\n+00001cc0: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 7f32 _ipv6_autoconf.2\n+00001cd0: 3535 3631 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 55617.Node: net_\n+00001ce0: 6c73 5f61 6464 727f 3235 3630 3432 0a4e ls_addr.256042.N\n+00001cf0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 ode: net_ls_card\n+00001d00: 737f 3235 3632 3930 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e s.256290.Node: n\n+00001d10: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 737f 3235 3635 3236 et_ls_dns.256526\n+00001d20: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f .Node: net_ls_ro\n+00001d30: 7574 6573 7f32 3536 3735 370a 4e6f 6465 utes.256757.Node\n+00001d40: 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 7f32 : net_nslookup.2\n+00001d50: 3536 3936 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 56964.Node: net_\n+00001d60: 7365 745f 766c 616e 7f32 3537 3236 390a set_vlan.257269.\n+00001d70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 Node: Undocument\n+00001d80: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3235 3737 ed commands.2577\n+00001d90: 3332 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 32.Node: Interna\n+00001da0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e7f 3236 tionalisation.26\n+00001db0: 3334 3434 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 3444.Node: Secur\n+00001dc0: 6974 797f 3237 3032 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a ity.270284.Node:\n+00001dd0: 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 Authentication \n+00001de0: 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f and authorisatio\n+00001df0: 6e7f 3237 3038 3630 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 n.270860.Node: U\n+00001e00: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n+00001e10: 6e61 7475 7265 737f 3237 3430 3536 0a4e natures.274056.N\n+00001e20: 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 ode: UEFI secure\n+00001e30: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 7f32 boot and shim.2\n+00001e40: 3737 3432 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 77422.Node: Secu\n+00001e50: 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 re Boot Advanced\n+00001e60: 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 7f32 3738 3630 Targeting.27860\n+00001e70: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 1.Node: Measured\n+00001e80: 2042 6f6f 747f 3237 3936 3430 0a4e 6f64 Boot.279640.Nod\n+00001e90: 653a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3238 3136 e: Lockdown.2816\n+00001ea0: 3432 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 42.Node: Platfor\n+00001eb0: 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 737f 3238 m limitations.28\n+00001ec0: 3231 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 2143.Node: Platf\n+00001ed0: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 orm-specific ope\n+00001ee0: 7261 7469 6f6e 737f 3239 3031 3532 0a4e rations.290152.N\n+00001ef0: 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b ode: Supported k\n+00001f00: 6572 6e65 6c73 7f32 3931 3234 330a 4e6f ernels.291243.No\n+00001f10: 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 de: Troubleshoot\n+00001f20: 696e 677f 3239 3838 3830 0a4e 6f64 653a ing.298880.Node:\n+00001f30: 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 GRUB only offer\n+00001f40: 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c s a rescue shell\n+00001f50: 7f32 3939 3134 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 .299149.Node: Fi\n+00001f60: 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e rmware stalls in\n+00001f70: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 stead of booting\n+00001f80: 2047 5255 427f 3330 3333 3738 0a4e 6f64 GRUB.303378.Nod\n+00001f90: 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 e: User-space ut\n+00001fa0: 696c 6974 6965 737f 3330 3430 3039 0a4e ilities.304009.N\n+00001fb0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+00001fc0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 7f33 3034 3734 ub-install.30474\n+00001fd0: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0.Node: Invoking\n+00001fe0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 7f33 grub-mkconfig.3\n+00001ff0: 3036 3936 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 06963.Node: Invo\n+00002000: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 king grub-mkpass\n+00002010: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 327f 3330 3736 3435 wd-pbkdf2.307645\n+00002020: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n+00002030: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 7f33 grub-mkrelpath.3\n+00002040: 3038 3335 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 08357.Node: Invo\n+00002050: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n+00002060: 7565 7f33 3039 3137 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ue.309179.Node: \n+00002070: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f Invoking grub-mo\n+00002080: 756e 747f 3331 3130 3337 0a4e 6f64 653a unt.311037.Node:\n+00002090: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 Invoking grub-p\n+000020a0: 726f 6265 7f33 3134 3139 310a 4e6f 6465 robe.314191.Node\n+000020b0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+000020c0: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 7f33 3136 script-check.316\n+000020d0: 3935 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 954.Node: Obtain\n+000020e0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n+000020f0: 2047 5255 427f 3331 3737 3131 0a4e 6f64 GRUB.317711.Nod\n+00002100: 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 e: Reporting bug\n+00002110: 737f 3331 3839 3536 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 s.318956.Node: F\n+00002120: 7574 7572 657f 3332 3137 3830 0a4e 6f64 uture.321780.Nod\n+00002130: 653a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 e: Copying This \n+00002140: 4d61 6e75 616c 7f33 3232 3138 300a 4e6f Manual.322180.No\n+00002150: 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 de: GNU Free Doc\n+00002160: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+00002170: 7365 7f33 3232 3430 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 se.322408.Node: \n+00002180: 496e 6465 787f 3334 3438 3030 0a1f 0a45 Index.344800...E\n+00002190: 6e64 2054 6167 2054 6162 6c65 0a0a 1f0a nd Tag Table....\n+000021a0: 4c6f 6361 6c20 5661 7269 6162 6c65 733a Local Variables:\n+000021b0: 0a63 6f64 696e 673a 2075 7466 2d38 0a45 .coding: utf-8.E\n+000021c0: 6e64 3a0a nd:.\n"}]}]}]}]}]}