{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.Wkm0xiCF/b1/grub2_2.12-3_i386.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.Wkm0xiCF/b2/grub2_2.12-3_i386.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,38 +1,38 @@\n \n 6cf998624b390767c59dba042b7248ca 10616140 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.12-3_i386.deb\n 3d5070640799156b89337ff2611c8a7c 2966736 admin optional grub-common_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- 2dfcf2df60b7e97597831adeee810067 642888 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ d305ec3ea70f7ad572e400850963d2e6 642912 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb\n 966316a972beb09f92e89db22c9ab7b9 2944608 debug optional grub-coreboot-dbg_2.12-3_i386.deb\n f81450f7f45130f0a8e1c67772c67e18 45880 admin optional grub-coreboot_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- fed06d3a3349059efc8191516c54d9b5 1046940 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ f27225e6fc770fef457467909f87169d 1047184 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb\n 10c29221d925e6d9ca111a6786bc837f 3667696 debug optional grub-efi-amd64-dbg_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- 58642ac3e2bb958e73da278d4a878f9d 1358476 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ 4eef30a43cb1c70361f207389b4915e5 1358480 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-3_i386.deb\n f65af93981af0815a6ef38237d780d10 45876 admin optional grub-efi-amd64_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- 3ba4316690519729266036343846e487 686392 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ 0d59d680f27d4998597e2285387f4a2b 686380 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb\n 6df1621d6b68310dd6607984911b5d94 3315492 debug optional grub-efi-ia32-dbg_2.12-3_i386.deb\n 0439cf12dd1f9fba2a49f8cf01a95065 316228 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-signed-template_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- fe179008fbaf3f1609c0c4dbfd30e8b5 1320812 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ b893b8d0b8f12182f2d74dc0ebae42ee 1320760 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-3_i386.deb\n 80ec64d1e97bc97474419df8504a5011 45916 admin optional grub-efi-ia32_2.12-3_i386.deb\n 0b41714bfce9013d9e6c9b537e58ca2b 2376 admin optional grub-efi_2.12-3_i386.deb\n f99d5ae6980e328d795dcae5249becb2 2622812 debug optional grub-emu-dbg_2.12-3_i386.deb\n f335ca1b5811c253a1b58ebbb30dbeb9 34412 debug optional grub-emu-dbgsym_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- 79b21df4658bd3c55e9cbf979a0566d7 2814572 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- 371cc7a2f4400daa74faa7dd26e01b33 920876 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- 8d9499f40fc66a63bc922facbf1b8695 630152 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ b6c4d8f01851dcb9f0d1fc45c5f376f4 2814892 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ ff5998c13692953ae24e3fc391bf82a1 920868 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ 438b6789f7759545661d8713df3f8f9e 630236 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb\n 6bb509625f4fd80a09e25f0898c925da 2910756 debug optional grub-ieee1275-dbg_2.12-3_i386.deb\n 683db70b84302861acd6d3fe52f290e4 45864 admin optional grub-ieee1275_2.12-3_i386.deb\n c96ed26a5681ad6cfe52e84905f5db8c 2360 oldlibs optional grub-linuxbios_2.12-3_i386.deb\n d4d9f5b391fa45c9409052f8df148c87 467464 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.12-3_i386.udeb\n 898918792e6812b201d78e86d8eb74d2 1147608 debug optional grub-pc-bin-dbgsym_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- caeb40d7fd54aabc9f2fa56cb0b4efaa 1037856 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ dbe97834899a6af8ab522623456910a7 1037676 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb\n 45ff5e107160684101b84a5685443617 3169916 debug optional grub-pc-dbg_2.12-3_i386.deb\n dd7ca4377a84edb887094fd584c0040e 136676 admin optional grub-pc_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- d006a8e332afcb6f2ef6da8189141ce7 2632468 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ ba8780af8a38cf712c75c26a800b5f4d 2631920 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-3_i386.deb\n 2e61071d5ca53fd0fdf03497eebb5a76 2156356 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- ca05c280c7dca9d890337d077246832a 1031868 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- 5f73e01a04839cc3e42f75dd5eaa1737 7504028 debug optional grub-xen-dbg_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- 155531791cc01c2bbbb9765000638a3f 1326576 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ b39850831fb9f10b48feb011f20c52b1 1031580 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ 9cac334cbc927c01e1abb6527cb1b566 7504024 debug optional grub-xen-dbg_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ 84d52e6c86bc66993c901e04189ef95d 1326632 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-3_i386.deb\n efb1164be78b05a11918ad17d52e3e89 45832 admin optional grub-xen_2.12-3_i386.deb\n 6674dd5ebf7bcafa0f9ea2ed2c3aa4a9 1483240 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.12-3_i386.deb\n- c44fc5f2fcc284fc079c3e3ba037c0c1 674396 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-3_i386.deb\n+ aa0ebc5ef5b548d44db7bbb75bcb085c 674408 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-3_i386.deb\n 115c3b697999ed7f9aa4d30f0ff649ae 2360 oldlibs optional grub2_2.12-3_i386.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7428 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 635268 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 635292 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -146,15 +146,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5852 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4910 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2635 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2633 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2348 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13868 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15096 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4152 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=coreboot\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8144 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1038604 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1038848 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -158,15 +158,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5736 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5840 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5872 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5712 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 9128 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5318 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2559 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2557 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3152 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44008 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2360 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 22144 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 25024 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6624 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-3_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-3_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1236 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1240 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1357048 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -764498,16 +764498,16 @@\n 232088:\tlods %ds:(%rsi),%al\n 232089:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23208b:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23208d:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23208f:\tadd %dh,0xcd3(%rsi)\n 232095:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232097:\tadd %al,(%rax,%rax,4)\n- 23209a:\tpush %rdi\n- 23209b:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 23209a:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 23209b:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 23209d:\tadd %ah,%al\n 23209f:\trorl %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n \t...\n 232cb6:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232cb8:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 232cba:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232cbc:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -769855,16 +769855,16 @@\n 23667f:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 236681:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 236683:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 236686:\tor $0x0,%al\n 236688:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23668a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23668c:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 23668e:\tpush %rdi\n- 23668f:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 23668e:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 23668f:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 236691:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 2372f8:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 2372fa:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2372fc:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 2372fe:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237300:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -769857,16 +769857,16 @@\n 23667f:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 236681:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 236683:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 236686:\tor $0x0,%al\n 236688:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23668a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23668c:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 23668e:\tpush %rdi\n- 23668f:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 23668e:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 23668f:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 236691:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 2372f8:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 2372fa:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2372fc:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 2372fe:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237300:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -875598,16 +875598,16 @@\n 2888a2:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2888a4:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2888a6:\txchg %eax,%esp\n 2888a7:\trorb %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n 2888aa:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2888ac:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2888ae:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 2888b0:\tpush %rdi\n- 2888b1:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 2888b0:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 2888b1:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 2888b3:\tadd %dh,0xcd2(%rsi)\n \t...\n 2895f5:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2895f7:\tadd %al,(%rbx)\n 2895f9:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2895fb:\tadd %bl,(%rax)\n 2895fd:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7888 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 678312 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 678300 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -159,15 +159,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3740 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3904 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3708 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3840 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3804 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6852 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5340 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2602 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2600 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2364 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 28648 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2428 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2016 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14428 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 16160 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4292 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-3_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-3_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1232 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1319388 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1319336 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": 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001c33e0: 0000 2080 6c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 .. .l...........\n 001c33f0: 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ac00 0000 ................\n-001c3400: 0000 0000 b6d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 ..............W.\n+001c3400: 0000 0000 b6d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 ................\n 001c3410: 0000 e0d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3420: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3430: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3440: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3450: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3460: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3470: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -135115,15 +135115,15 @@\n 0020fca0: 0000 0000 0000 0300 0000 1c00 1f00 0400 ................\n 0020fcb0: 0000 3880 0000 0000 0000 0000 0200 0000 ..8.............\n 0020fcc0: 0000 0000 0200 0a00 756e 6963 6f64 652e ........unicode.\n 0020fcd0: 7066 3200 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c pf2............l\n 0020fce0: 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 1880 6c00 .......fonts..l.\n 0020fcf0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 ................\n 0020fd00: 0000 0000 0000 94d2 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ................\n-0020fd10: 5704 0000 b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 W...............\n+0020fd10: ae08 0000 b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd20: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd30: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd40: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd50: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd60: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd70: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd80: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116234,15 +116234,15 @@\n 001c6090: 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 ode.pf2.........\n 001c60a0: 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 ...l.......fonts\n 001c60b0: 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ........grub.cfg\n 001c60c0: 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 0000 0000 ................\n 001c60d0: 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 ..L....... .l...\n 001c60e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 ................\n 001c60f0: 0000 0000 ac00 0000 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 ............f...\n-001c6100: 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ......W.........\n+001c6100: 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ................\n 001c6110: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6120: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6130: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6140: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6150: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6160: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6170: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116234,15 +116234,15 @@\n 001c6090: 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 ode.pf2.........\n 001c60a0: 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 ...l.......fonts\n 001c60b0: 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ........grub.cfg\n 001c60c0: 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 0000 0000 ................\n 001c60d0: 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 ..L....... .l...\n 001c60e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 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0 0 6296 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2808084 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2808404 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -128,15 +128,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 26376 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-emu/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 26676 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 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"unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -145,15 +145,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5836 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4708 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2635 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2633 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2348 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13700 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14688 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2708 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/nand.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=ieee1275\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8432 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1029232 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1029052 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -171,15 +171,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 8528 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5786 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2621 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2619 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2348 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14896 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15932 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4148 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/nativedisk.mod\n"}, 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May 30 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1664 May 30 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1572 May 30 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 May 30 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4916 May 30 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14636 May 30 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3588 May 30 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1684 May 30 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2116 May 30 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1716 May 30 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2148 May 30 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 May 30 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9868 May 30 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 May 30 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5560 May 30 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1768 May 30 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5284 May 30 2025 [ 1373 00] 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0 0 0 4912 May 30 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3716 May 30 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8752 May 30 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4640 May 30 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5168 May 30 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6512 May 30 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1140 May 30 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2592 May 30 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3072 May 30 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6924 May 30 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8104 May 30 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2960 May 30 2025 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5824 May 30 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2452 May 30 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2800 May 30 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9096 May 30 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6124 May 30 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7728 May 30 2025 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4244 May 30 2025 [ 1720 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4976 May 30 2025 [ 1723 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1840 May 30 2025 [ 1726 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6244 May 30 2025 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14404 May 30 2025 [ 1731 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 30100 May 30 2025 [ 1739 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13540 May 30 2025 [ 1754 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5516 May 30 2025 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5748 May 30 2025 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3052 May 30 2025 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3876 May 30 2025 [ 1769 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4740 May 30 2025 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2232 May 30 2025 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 May 30 2025 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4796 May 30 2025 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3912 May 30 2025 [ 1780 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14228 May 30 2025 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8484 May 30 2025 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4748 May 30 2025 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3192 May 30 2025 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7372 May 30 2025 [ 1799 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2044 May 30 2025 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2104 May 30 2025 [ 1804 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1964 May 30 2025 [ 1806 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1868 May 30 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1988 May 30 2025 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2792 May 30 2025 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3504 May 30 2025 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3604 May 30 2025 [ 1813 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3732 May 30 2025 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3864 May 30 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3636 May 30 2025 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3800 May 30 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3732 May 30 2025 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8528 May 30 2025 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5786 May 30 2025 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2621 May 30 2025 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2348 May 30 2025 [ 1835 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27436 May 30 2025 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2396 May 30 2025 [ 1851 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1984 May 30 2025 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14896 May 30 2025 [ 1854 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15932 May 30 2025 [ 1862 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4148 May 30 2025 [ 1870 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 58388 May 30 2025 [ 1873 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2804 May 30 2025 [ 1902 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6744 May 30 2025 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 114820 May 30 2025 [ 1908 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10580 May 30 2025 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4252 May 30 2025 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2504 May 30 2025 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2676 May 30 2025 [ 1976 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 May 30 2025 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10324 May 30 2025 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 May 30 2025 [ 1985 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 May 30 2025 [ 1986 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2052 May 30 2025 [ 1987 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2680 May 30 2025 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1712 May 30 2025 [ 1991 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1424 May 30 2025 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 May 30 2025 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2264 May 30 2025 [ 1995 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1732 May 30 2025 [ 1997 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1452 May 30 2025 [ 1998 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 May 30 2025 [ 1999 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 111 May 30 2025 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17 May 30 2025 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4644 May 30 2025 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 May 30 2025 [ 2005 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2720 May 30 2025 [ 2006 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4812 May 30 2025 [ 2008 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1312 May 30 2025 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2100 May 30 2025 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1316 May 30 2025 [ 2014 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2384 May 30 2025 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11344 May 30 2025 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7164 May 30 2025 [ 2023 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6292 May 30 2025 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 May 30 2025 [ 2031 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7988 May 30 2025 [ 2033 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1516 May 30 2025 [ 2037 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3528 May 30 2025 [ 2038 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2284 May 30 2025 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2136 May 30 2025 [ 2042 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3680 May 30 2025 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2616 May 30 2025 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1292 May 30 2025 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2204 May 30 2025 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3696 May 30 2025 [ 2051 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1848 May 30 2025 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1688 May 30 2025 [ 2054 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1640 May 30 2025 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 50724 May 30 2025 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8692 May 30 2025 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15008 May 30 2025 [ 2086 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4084 May 30 2025 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4612 May 30 2025 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3700 May 30 2025 [ 2099 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3124 May 30 2025 [ 2101 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3188 May 30 2025 [ 2103 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3120 May 30 2025 [ 2105 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7012 May 30 2025 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9420 May 30 2025 [ 2111 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 628 May 30 2025 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1624 May 30 2025 [ 2117 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5232 May 30 2025 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5116 May 30 2025 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 May 30 2025 [ 2124 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6380 May 30 2025 [ 2126 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2144 May 30 2025 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2268 May 30 2025 [ 2132 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5524 May 30 2025 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2024 May 30 2025 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6988 May 30 2025 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2112 May 30 2025 [ 2142 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17356 May 30 2025 [ 2144 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3184 May 30 2025 [ 2153 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 202 May 30 2025 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4432 May 30 2025 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12196 May 30 2025 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4992 May 30 2025 [ 2165 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 May 30 2025 [ 2168 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2740 May 30 2025 [ 2169 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2264 May 30 2025 [ 2171 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5312 May 30 2025 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4592 May 30 2025 [ 2176 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 May 30 2025 [ 2179 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2336 May 30 2025 [ 2180 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1668 May 30 2025 [ 2182 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 May 30 2025 [ 2183 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3564 May 30 2025 [ 2184 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8716 May 30 2025 [ 2186 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5236 May 30 2025 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5652 May 30 2025 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5332 May 30 2025 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6524 May 30 2025 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10360 May 30 2025 [ 2204 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3764 May 30 2025 [ 2210 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6912 May 30 2025 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 May 30 2025 [ 2216 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2296 May 30 2025 [ 2217 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2632 May 30 2025 [ 2219 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1460 May 30 2025 [ 2221 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3568 May 30 2025 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9724 May 30 2025 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2620 May 30 2025 [ 2229 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4932 May 30 2025 [ 2231 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2140 May 30 2025 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33 May 30 2025 [ 2236 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5904 May 30 2025 [ 2237 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5588 May 30 2025 [ 2240 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6004 May 30 2025 [ 2243 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5568 May 30 2025 [ 2246 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 20856 May 30 2025 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3992 May 30 2025 [ 2260 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4216 May 30 2025 [ 2262 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 May 30 2025 [ 2265 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1448 May 30 2025 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8012 May 30 2025 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27340 May 30 2025 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2084 May 30 2025 [ 2286 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 May 30 2025 [ 2288 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15008 May 30 2025 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 40048 May 30 2025 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5424 May 30 2025 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6484 May 30 2025 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 45660 May 30 2025 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 7812 Apr 27 2024 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10604 Apr 27 2024 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1228 Apr 27 2024 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5584 Apr 27 2024 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6028 Apr 27 2024 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1492 Apr 27 2024 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15616 Apr 27 2024 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 Apr 27 2024 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Apr 27 2024 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2936 Apr 27 2024 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4140 Apr 27 2024 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5524 Apr 27 2024 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Apr 27 2024 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6736 Apr 27 2024 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4628 Apr 27 2024 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 Apr 27 2024 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3604 Apr 27 2024 [ 1274 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2028 Apr 27 2024 [ 1276 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2628 Apr 27 2024 [ 1277 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 31160 Apr 27 2024 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2252 Apr 27 2024 [ 1295 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19616 Apr 27 2024 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 Apr 27 2024 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2852 Apr 27 2024 [ 1309 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3860 Apr 27 2024 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3340 Apr 27 2024 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 Apr 27 2024 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1048 Apr 27 2024 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2772 Apr 27 2024 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3396 Apr 27 2024 [ 1320 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2960 Apr 27 2024 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Apr 27 2024 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Apr 27 2024 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2224 Apr 27 2024 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4608 Apr 27 2024 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3931 Apr 27 2024 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 Apr 27 2024 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Apr 27 2024 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2680 Apr 27 2024 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1664 Apr 27 2024 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1572 Apr 27 2024 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 Apr 27 2024 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4916 Apr 27 2024 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14636 Apr 27 2024 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1684 Apr 27 2024 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2116 Apr 27 2024 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1716 Apr 27 2024 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2148 Apr 27 2024 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 Apr 27 2024 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9868 Apr 27 2024 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Apr 27 2024 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5560 Apr 27 2024 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1768 Apr 27 2024 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5284 Apr 27 2024 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1896 Apr 27 2024 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 23720 Apr 27 2024 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7608 Apr 27 2024 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10912 Apr 27 2024 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16128 Apr 27 2024 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5728 Apr 27 2024 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 30949 Apr 27 2024 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 Apr 27 2024 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5872 Apr 27 2024 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1380 Apr 27 2024 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6052 Apr 27 2024 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4608 Apr 27 2024 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6452 Apr 27 2024 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6048 Apr 27 2024 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17140 Apr 27 2024 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13512 Apr 27 2024 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Apr 27 2024 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 219 Apr 27 2024 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2924 Apr 27 2024 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 34168 Apr 27 2024 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1580 Apr 27 2024 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8000 Apr 27 2024 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33516 Apr 27 2024 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16356 Apr 27 2024 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10532 Apr 27 2024 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19136 Apr 27 2024 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 Apr 27 2024 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2884 Apr 27 2024 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3048 Apr 27 2024 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3668 Apr 27 2024 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2316 Apr 27 2024 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19312 Apr 27 2024 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8248 Apr 27 2024 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1968 Apr 27 2024 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14792 Apr 27 2024 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17764 Apr 27 2024 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8592 Apr 27 2024 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4376 Apr 27 2024 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7908 Apr 27 2024 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12180 Apr 27 2024 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 36816 Apr 27 2024 [ 1589 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 24588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1607 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25124 Apr 27 2024 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5552 Apr 27 2024 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4828 Apr 27 2024 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 38952 Apr 27 2024 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9892 Apr 27 2024 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2796 Apr 27 2024 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4912 Apr 27 2024 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3716 Apr 27 2024 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8752 Apr 27 2024 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4640 Apr 27 2024 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5168 Apr 27 2024 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6512 Apr 27 2024 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1140 Apr 27 2024 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2592 Apr 27 2024 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3072 Apr 27 2024 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6924 Apr 27 2024 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8104 Apr 27 2024 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2960 Apr 27 2024 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5824 Apr 27 2024 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2452 Apr 27 2024 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2800 Apr 27 2024 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9096 Apr 27 2024 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6124 Apr 27 2024 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7728 Apr 27 2024 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4244 Apr 27 2024 [ 1720 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4976 Apr 27 2024 [ 1723 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1840 Apr 27 2024 [ 1726 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6244 Apr 27 2024 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14404 Apr 27 2024 [ 1731 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 30100 Apr 27 2024 [ 1739 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13540 Apr 27 2024 [ 1754 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5516 Apr 27 2024 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5748 Apr 27 2024 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3052 Apr 27 2024 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3876 Apr 27 2024 [ 1769 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4740 Apr 27 2024 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2232 Apr 27 2024 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Apr 27 2024 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4796 Apr 27 2024 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3912 Apr 27 2024 [ 1780 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14228 Apr 27 2024 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8484 Apr 27 2024 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4748 Apr 27 2024 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3192 Apr 27 2024 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7372 Apr 27 2024 [ 1799 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2044 Apr 27 2024 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2104 Apr 27 2024 [ 1804 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1964 Apr 27 2024 [ 1806 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1868 Apr 27 2024 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1988 Apr 27 2024 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2792 Apr 27 2024 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3504 Apr 27 2024 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3604 Apr 27 2024 [ 1813 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3732 Apr 27 2024 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3864 Apr 27 2024 [ 1817 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3636 Apr 27 2024 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3800 Apr 27 2024 [ 1821 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3732 Apr 27 2024 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8528 Apr 27 2024 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5786 Apr 27 2024 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2619 Apr 27 2024 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2348 Apr 27 2024 [ 1835 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27436 Apr 27 2024 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2396 Apr 27 2024 [ 1851 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1984 Apr 27 2024 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14896 Apr 27 2024 [ 1854 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15932 Apr 27 2024 [ 1862 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4148 Apr 27 2024 [ 1870 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 58388 Apr 27 2024 [ 1873 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2804 Apr 27 2024 [ 1902 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6744 Apr 27 2024 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 114820 Apr 27 2024 [ 1908 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10580 Apr 27 2024 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4252 Apr 27 2024 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2504 Apr 27 2024 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2676 Apr 27 2024 [ 1976 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 Apr 27 2024 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10324 Apr 27 2024 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1985 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Apr 27 2024 [ 1986 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2052 Apr 27 2024 [ 1987 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2680 Apr 27 2024 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1712 Apr 27 2024 [ 1991 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1424 Apr 27 2024 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 Apr 27 2024 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2264 Apr 27 2024 [ 1995 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1732 Apr 27 2024 [ 1997 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1452 Apr 27 2024 [ 1998 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1999 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 111 Apr 27 2024 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17 Apr 27 2024 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4644 Apr 27 2024 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Apr 27 2024 [ 2005 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2720 Apr 27 2024 [ 2006 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4812 Apr 27 2024 [ 2008 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1312 Apr 27 2024 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2100 Apr 27 2024 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1316 Apr 27 2024 [ 2014 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2384 Apr 27 2024 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11344 Apr 27 2024 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7164 Apr 27 2024 [ 2023 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6292 Apr 27 2024 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 Apr 27 2024 [ 2031 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7988 Apr 27 2024 [ 2033 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1516 Apr 27 2024 [ 2037 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3528 Apr 27 2024 [ 2038 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2284 Apr 27 2024 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2136 Apr 27 2024 [ 2042 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3680 Apr 27 2024 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2616 Apr 27 2024 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1292 Apr 27 2024 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 Apr 27 2024 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3696 Apr 27 2024 [ 2051 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1848 Apr 27 2024 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1688 Apr 27 2024 [ 2054 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1640 Apr 27 2024 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 50724 Apr 27 2024 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8692 Apr 27 2024 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15008 Apr 27 2024 [ 2086 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4084 Apr 27 2024 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4612 Apr 27 2024 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3700 Apr 27 2024 [ 2099 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3124 Apr 27 2024 [ 2101 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3188 Apr 27 2024 [ 2103 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3120 Apr 27 2024 [ 2105 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7012 Apr 27 2024 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9420 Apr 27 2024 [ 2111 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 628 Apr 27 2024 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1624 Apr 27 2024 [ 2117 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5232 Apr 27 2024 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5116 Apr 27 2024 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 Apr 27 2024 [ 2124 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6380 Apr 27 2024 [ 2126 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2144 Apr 27 2024 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2268 Apr 27 2024 [ 2132 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5524 Apr 27 2024 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2024 Apr 27 2024 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6988 Apr 27 2024 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2112 Apr 27 2024 [ 2142 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17356 Apr 27 2024 [ 2144 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3184 Apr 27 2024 [ 2153 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 202 Apr 27 2024 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4432 Apr 27 2024 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12196 Apr 27 2024 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4992 Apr 27 2024 [ 2165 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 Apr 27 2024 [ 2168 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2740 Apr 27 2024 [ 2169 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2264 Apr 27 2024 [ 2171 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5312 Apr 27 2024 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4592 Apr 27 2024 [ 2176 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 Apr 27 2024 [ 2179 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2336 Apr 27 2024 [ 2180 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1668 Apr 27 2024 [ 2182 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Apr 27 2024 [ 2183 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3564 Apr 27 2024 [ 2184 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8716 Apr 27 2024 [ 2186 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5236 Apr 27 2024 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5652 Apr 27 2024 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5332 Apr 27 2024 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6524 Apr 27 2024 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10360 Apr 27 2024 [ 2204 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3764 Apr 27 2024 [ 2210 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6912 Apr 27 2024 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Apr 27 2024 [ 2216 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2296 Apr 27 2024 [ 2217 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2632 Apr 27 2024 [ 2219 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1460 Apr 27 2024 [ 2221 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3568 Apr 27 2024 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9724 Apr 27 2024 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2620 Apr 27 2024 [ 2229 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4932 Apr 27 2024 [ 2231 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2140 Apr 27 2024 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33 Apr 27 2024 [ 2236 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5904 Apr 27 2024 [ 2237 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5588 Apr 27 2024 [ 2240 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6004 Apr 27 2024 [ 2243 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5568 Apr 27 2024 [ 2246 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 20856 Apr 27 2024 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3992 Apr 27 2024 [ 2260 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4216 Apr 27 2024 [ 2262 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Apr 27 2024 [ 2265 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1448 Apr 27 2024 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8012 Apr 27 2024 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27340 Apr 27 2024 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2084 Apr 27 2024 [ 2286 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Apr 27 2024 [ 2288 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15008 Apr 27 2024 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 40048 Apr 27 2024 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5424 Apr 27 2024 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6484 Apr 27 2024 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 45660 Apr 27 2024 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 May 30 2025 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 30 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Apr 27 2024 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 May 30 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 Apr 27 2024 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 30 2025 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7812 May 30 2025 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10604 May 30 2025 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1228 May 30 2025 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5584 May 30 2025 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6028 May 30 2025 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1492 May 30 2025 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15616 May 30 2025 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 May 30 2025 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 May 30 2025 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2936 May 30 2025 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4140 May 30 2025 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 May 30 2025 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 May 30 2025 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6736 May 30 2025 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4628 May 30 2025 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 May 30 2025 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3604 May 30 2025 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2028 May 30 2025 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 May 30 2025 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31160 May 30 2025 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2252 May 30 2025 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19616 May 30 2025 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 May 30 2025 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2852 May 30 2025 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3860 May 30 2025 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3340 May 30 2025 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 May 30 2025 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 May 30 2025 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2772 May 30 2025 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 May 30 2025 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 May 30 2025 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 May 30 2025 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 May 30 2025 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2224 May 30 2025 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 May 30 2025 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 May 30 2025 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 May 30 2025 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 May 30 2025 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 May 30 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1664 May 30 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1572 May 30 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 May 30 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4916 May 30 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14636 May 30 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3588 May 30 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 May 30 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 May 30 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1716 May 30 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 May 30 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 May 30 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9868 May 30 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 May 30 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5560 May 30 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 May 30 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5284 May 30 2025 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 May 30 2025 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23720 May 30 2025 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7608 May 30 2025 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10912 May 30 2025 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 May 30 2025 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5728 May 30 2025 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30949 May 30 2025 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 May 30 2025 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5872 May 30 2025 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 May 30 2025 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6052 May 30 2025 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 May 30 2025 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6452 May 30 2025 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6048 May 30 2025 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17140 May 30 2025 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13512 May 30 2025 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 May 30 2025 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 May 30 2025 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 May 30 2025 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34168 May 30 2025 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 May 30 2025 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8000 May 30 2025 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33516 May 30 2025 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16356 May 30 2025 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10532 May 30 2025 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19136 May 30 2025 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 May 30 2025 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2884 May 30 2025 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3048 May 30 2025 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 May 30 2025 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 May 30 2025 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19312 May 30 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8248 May 30 2025 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 May 30 2025 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14792 May 30 2025 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17764 May 30 2025 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8592 May 30 2025 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4376 May 30 2025 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7908 May 30 2025 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12180 May 30 2025 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36816 May 30 2025 [ 1589 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24588 May 30 2025 [ 1607 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25124 May 30 2025 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5552 May 30 2025 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4828 May 30 2025 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 38952 May 30 2025 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9892 May 30 2025 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 May 30 2025 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4912 May 30 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3716 May 30 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8752 May 30 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4640 May 30 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5168 May 30 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6512 May 30 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 May 30 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2592 May 30 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3072 May 30 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6924 May 30 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8104 May 30 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 May 30 2025 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 May 30 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 May 30 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2800 May 30 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9096 May 30 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6124 May 30 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7728 May 30 2025 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4244 May 30 2025 [ 1720 00] json.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4976 May 30 2025 [ 1723 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1840 May 30 2025 [ 1726 00] keystatus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6244 May 30 2025 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14404 May 30 2025 [ 1731 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30100 May 30 2025 [ 1739 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13540 May 30 2025 [ 1754 00] linux.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5516 May 30 2025 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5748 May 30 2025 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 May 30 2025 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3876 May 30 2025 [ 1769 00] ls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 May 30 2025 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2232 May 30 2025 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 May 30 2025 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4796 May 30 2025 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3912 May 30 2025 [ 1780 00] luks.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14228 May 30 2025 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8484 May 30 2025 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4748 May 30 2025 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 May 30 2025 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7372 May 30 2025 [ 1799 00] macho.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2044 May 30 2025 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 May 30 2025 [ 1804 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 May 30 2025 [ 1806 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1868 May 30 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1988 May 30 2025 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2792 May 30 2025 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 May 30 2025 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3604 May 30 2025 [ 1813 00] minix.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 May 30 2025 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3864 May 30 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3636 May 30 2025 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3800 May 30 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 May 30 2025 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8528 May 30 2025 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5786 May 30 2025 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2621 May 30 2025 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2348 May 30 2025 [ 1835 00] morse.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27436 May 30 2025 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2396 May 30 2025 [ 1851 00] msdospart.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1984 May 30 2025 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14896 May 30 2025 [ 1854 00] multiboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15932 May 30 2025 [ 1862 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 May 30 2025 [ 1870 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 58388 May 30 2025 [ 1873 00] net.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2804 May 30 2025 [ 1902 00] newc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6744 May 30 2025 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 114820 May 30 2025 [ 1908 00] normal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10580 May 30 2025 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4252 May 30 2025 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 May 30 2025 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2676 May 30 2025 [ 1976 00] odc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 May 30 2025 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10324 May 30 2025 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 May 30 2025 [ 1985 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 May 30 2025 [ 1986 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 May 30 2025 [ 1987 00] part_apple.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 May 30 2025 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 May 30 2025 [ 1991 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 May 30 2025 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 May 30 2025 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 May 30 2025 [ 1995 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 May 30 2025 [ 1997 00] part_plan.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1452 May 30 2025 [ 1998 00] part_sun.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 May 30 2025 [ 1999 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 May 30 2025 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 May 30 2025 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4644 May 30 2025 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 May 30 2025 [ 2005 00] password.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2720 May 30 2025 [ 2006 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4812 May 30 2025 [ 2008 00] pata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 May 30 2025 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2100 May 30 2025 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 May 30 2025 [ 2014 00] pci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2384 May 30 2025 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11344 May 30 2025 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7164 May 30 2025 [ 2023 00] plainmount.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6292 May 30 2025 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 May 30 2025 [ 2031 00] play.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7988 May 30 2025 [ 2033 00] png.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1516 May 30 2025 [ 2037 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3528 May 30 2025 [ 2038 00] probe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 May 30 2025 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2136 May 30 2025 [ 2042 00] progress.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3680 May 30 2025 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2616 May 30 2025 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1292 May 30 2025 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 May 30 2025 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3696 May 30 2025 [ 2051 00] random.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1848 May 30 2025 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1688 May 30 2025 [ 2054 00] read.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1640 May 30 2025 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50724 May 30 2025 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8692 May 30 2025 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 May 30 2025 [ 2086 00] relocator.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4084 May 30 2025 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 May 30 2025 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3700 May 30 2025 [ 2099 00] search.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 May 30 2025 [ 2101 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3188 May 30 2025 [ 2103 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3120 May 30 2025 [ 2105 00] search_label.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7012 May 30 2025 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9420 May 30 2025 [ 2111 00] serial.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 May 30 2025 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 May 30 2025 [ 2117 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5232 May 30 2025 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5116 May 30 2025 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 May 30 2025 [ 2124 00] shift_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6380 May 30 2025 [ 2126 00] signature_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 May 30 2025 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2268 May 30 2025 [ 2132 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 May 30 2025 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2024 May 30 2025 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6988 May 30 2025 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 May 30 2025 [ 2142 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17356 May 30 2025 [ 2144 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3184 May 30 2025 [ 2153 00] tar.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 May 30 2025 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 May 30 2025 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12196 May 30 2025 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4992 May 30 2025 [ 2165 00] test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 May 30 2025 [ 2168 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2740 May 30 2025 [ 2169 00] testload.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 May 30 2025 [ 2171 00] testspeed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5312 May 30 2025 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 May 30 2025 [ 2176 00] tga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 May 30 2025 [ 2179 00] time.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2336 May 30 2025 [ 2180 00] tr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1668 May 30 2025 [ 2182 00] trig.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 May 30 2025 [ 2183 00] true.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3564 May 30 2025 [ 2184 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8716 May 30 2025 [ 2186 00] udf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5236 May 30 2025 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 May 30 2025 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5332 May 30 2025 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6524 May 30 2025 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10360 May 30 2025 [ 2204 00] usb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3764 May 30 2025 [ 2210 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6912 May 30 2025 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 May 30 2025 [ 2216 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2296 May 30 2025 [ 2217 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 May 30 2025 [ 2219 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 May 30 2025 [ 2221 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 May 30 2025 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9724 May 30 2025 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2620 May 30 2025 [ 2229 00] verifiers.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4932 May 30 2025 [ 2231 00] vga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2140 May 30 2025 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 May 30 2025 [ 2236 00] video.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5904 May 30 2025 [ 2237 00] video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5588 May 30 2025 [ 2240 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6004 May 30 2025 [ 2243 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5568 May 30 2025 [ 2246 00] video_colors.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20856 May 30 2025 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3992 May 30 2025 [ 2260 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 May 30 2025 [ 2262 00] videotest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 May 30 2025 [ 2265 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 May 30 2025 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8012 May 30 2025 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27340 May 30 2025 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 May 30 2025 [ 2286 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 May 30 2025 [ 2288 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 May 30 2025 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40048 May 30 2025 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5424 May 30 2025 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 May 30 2025 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45660 May 30 2025 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7812 Apr 27 2024 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10604 Apr 27 2024 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1228 Apr 27 2024 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5584 Apr 27 2024 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6028 Apr 27 2024 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1492 Apr 27 2024 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15616 Apr 27 2024 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Apr 27 2024 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Apr 27 2024 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2936 Apr 27 2024 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4140 Apr 27 2024 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 Apr 27 2024 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Apr 27 2024 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6736 Apr 27 2024 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4628 Apr 27 2024 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Apr 27 2024 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3604 Apr 27 2024 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2028 Apr 27 2024 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 Apr 27 2024 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31160 Apr 27 2024 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2252 Apr 27 2024 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19616 Apr 27 2024 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Apr 27 2024 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2852 Apr 27 2024 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3860 Apr 27 2024 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3340 Apr 27 2024 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Apr 27 2024 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Apr 27 2024 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2772 Apr 27 2024 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 Apr 27 2024 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 Apr 27 2024 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 Apr 27 2024 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Apr 27 2024 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2224 Apr 27 2024 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 Apr 27 2024 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 Apr 27 2024 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Apr 27 2024 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Apr 27 2024 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Apr 27 2024 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1664 Apr 27 2024 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1572 Apr 27 2024 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Apr 27 2024 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4916 Apr 27 2024 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14636 Apr 27 2024 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 Apr 27 2024 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 Apr 27 2024 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1716 Apr 27 2024 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 Apr 27 2024 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Apr 27 2024 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9868 Apr 27 2024 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Apr 27 2024 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5560 Apr 27 2024 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 Apr 27 2024 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5284 Apr 27 2024 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Apr 27 2024 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23720 Apr 27 2024 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7608 Apr 27 2024 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10912 Apr 27 2024 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 Apr 27 2024 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5728 Apr 27 2024 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30949 Apr 27 2024 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Apr 27 2024 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5872 Apr 27 2024 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Apr 27 2024 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6052 Apr 27 2024 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 Apr 27 2024 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6452 Apr 27 2024 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6048 Apr 27 2024 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17140 Apr 27 2024 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13512 Apr 27 2024 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Apr 27 2024 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Apr 27 2024 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 Apr 27 2024 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34168 Apr 27 2024 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Apr 27 2024 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8000 Apr 27 2024 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33516 Apr 27 2024 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16356 Apr 27 2024 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10532 Apr 27 2024 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19136 Apr 27 2024 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Apr 27 2024 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2884 Apr 27 2024 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3048 Apr 27 2024 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Apr 27 2024 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 Apr 27 2024 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19312 Apr 27 2024 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8248 Apr 27 2024 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 Apr 27 2024 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14792 Apr 27 2024 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17764 Apr 27 2024 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8592 Apr 27 2024 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4376 Apr 27 2024 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7908 Apr 27 2024 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12180 Apr 27 2024 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36816 Apr 27 2024 [ 1589 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1607 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25124 Apr 27 2024 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5552 Apr 27 2024 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4828 Apr 27 2024 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 38952 Apr 27 2024 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9892 Apr 27 2024 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Apr 27 2024 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4912 Apr 27 2024 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3716 Apr 27 2024 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8752 Apr 27 2024 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4640 Apr 27 2024 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5168 Apr 27 2024 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6512 Apr 27 2024 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 Apr 27 2024 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2592 Apr 27 2024 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3072 Apr 27 2024 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6924 Apr 27 2024 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8104 Apr 27 2024 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 Apr 27 2024 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 Apr 27 2024 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Apr 27 2024 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2800 Apr 27 2024 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9096 Apr 27 2024 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6124 Apr 27 2024 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7728 Apr 27 2024 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4244 Apr 27 2024 [ 1720 00] json.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4976 Apr 27 2024 [ 1723 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1840 Apr 27 2024 [ 1726 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6244 Apr 27 2024 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14404 Apr 27 2024 [ 1731 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30100 Apr 27 2024 [ 1739 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13540 Apr 27 2024 [ 1754 00] linux.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5516 Apr 27 2024 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5748 Apr 27 2024 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 Apr 27 2024 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3876 Apr 27 2024 [ 1769 00] ls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 Apr 27 2024 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2232 Apr 27 2024 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Apr 27 2024 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4796 Apr 27 2024 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3912 Apr 27 2024 [ 1780 00] luks.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14228 Apr 27 2024 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8484 Apr 27 2024 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4748 Apr 27 2024 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 Apr 27 2024 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7372 Apr 27 2024 [ 1799 00] macho.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2044 Apr 27 2024 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 Apr 27 2024 [ 1804 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 Apr 27 2024 [ 1806 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1868 Apr 27 2024 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1988 Apr 27 2024 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2792 Apr 27 2024 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 Apr 27 2024 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3604 Apr 27 2024 [ 1813 00] minix.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 Apr 27 2024 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3864 Apr 27 2024 [ 1817 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3636 Apr 27 2024 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3800 Apr 27 2024 [ 1821 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 Apr 27 2024 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8528 Apr 27 2024 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5786 Apr 27 2024 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2619 Apr 27 2024 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2348 Apr 27 2024 [ 1835 00] morse.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27436 Apr 27 2024 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2396 Apr 27 2024 [ 1851 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1984 Apr 27 2024 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14896 Apr 27 2024 [ 1854 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15932 Apr 27 2024 [ 1862 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 Apr 27 2024 [ 1870 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 58388 Apr 27 2024 [ 1873 00] net.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2804 Apr 27 2024 [ 1902 00] newc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6744 Apr 27 2024 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 114820 Apr 27 2024 [ 1908 00] normal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10580 Apr 27 2024 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4252 Apr 27 2024 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 Apr 27 2024 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2676 Apr 27 2024 [ 1976 00] odc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Apr 27 2024 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10324 Apr 27 2024 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1985 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Apr 27 2024 [ 1986 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Apr 27 2024 [ 1987 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Apr 27 2024 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 Apr 27 2024 [ 1991 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Apr 27 2024 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Apr 27 2024 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 Apr 27 2024 [ 1995 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Apr 27 2024 [ 1997 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1452 Apr 27 2024 [ 1998 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1999 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 Apr 27 2024 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 Apr 27 2024 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4644 Apr 27 2024 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Apr 27 2024 [ 2005 00] password.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2720 Apr 27 2024 [ 2006 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4812 Apr 27 2024 [ 2008 00] pata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 Apr 27 2024 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2100 Apr 27 2024 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 Apr 27 2024 [ 2014 00] pci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2384 Apr 27 2024 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11344 Apr 27 2024 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7164 Apr 27 2024 [ 2023 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6292 Apr 27 2024 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Apr 27 2024 [ 2031 00] play.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7988 Apr 27 2024 [ 2033 00] png.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1516 Apr 27 2024 [ 2037 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3528 Apr 27 2024 [ 2038 00] probe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Apr 27 2024 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2136 Apr 27 2024 [ 2042 00] progress.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3680 Apr 27 2024 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2616 Apr 27 2024 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1292 Apr 27 2024 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Apr 27 2024 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3696 Apr 27 2024 [ 2051 00] random.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1848 Apr 27 2024 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1688 Apr 27 2024 [ 2054 00] read.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1640 Apr 27 2024 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50724 Apr 27 2024 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8692 Apr 27 2024 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 Apr 27 2024 [ 2086 00] relocator.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4084 Apr 27 2024 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Apr 27 2024 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3700 Apr 27 2024 [ 2099 00] search.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 Apr 27 2024 [ 2101 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3188 Apr 27 2024 [ 2103 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3120 Apr 27 2024 [ 2105 00] search_label.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7012 Apr 27 2024 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9420 Apr 27 2024 [ 2111 00] serial.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 Apr 27 2024 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 Apr 27 2024 [ 2117 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5232 Apr 27 2024 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5116 Apr 27 2024 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Apr 27 2024 [ 2124 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6380 Apr 27 2024 [ 2126 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Apr 27 2024 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2268 Apr 27 2024 [ 2132 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 Apr 27 2024 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2024 Apr 27 2024 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6988 Apr 27 2024 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 Apr 27 2024 [ 2142 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17356 Apr 27 2024 [ 2144 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3184 Apr 27 2024 [ 2153 00] tar.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 Apr 27 2024 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 Apr 27 2024 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12196 Apr 27 2024 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4992 Apr 27 2024 [ 2165 00] test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 Apr 27 2024 [ 2168 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2740 Apr 27 2024 [ 2169 00] testload.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 Apr 27 2024 [ 2171 00] testspeed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5312 Apr 27 2024 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 Apr 27 2024 [ 2176 00] tga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Apr 27 2024 [ 2179 00] time.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2336 Apr 27 2024 [ 2180 00] tr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1668 Apr 27 2024 [ 2182 00] trig.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 Apr 27 2024 [ 2183 00] true.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3564 Apr 27 2024 [ 2184 00] truecrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8716 Apr 27 2024 [ 2186 00] udf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5236 Apr 27 2024 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 Apr 27 2024 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5332 Apr 27 2024 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6524 Apr 27 2024 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10360 Apr 27 2024 [ 2204 00] usb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3764 Apr 27 2024 [ 2210 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6912 Apr 27 2024 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Apr 27 2024 [ 2216 00] usbserial_common.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2296 Apr 27 2024 [ 2217 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 Apr 27 2024 [ 2219 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 Apr 27 2024 [ 2221 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 Apr 27 2024 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9724 Apr 27 2024 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2620 Apr 27 2024 [ 2229 00] verifiers.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4932 Apr 27 2024 [ 2231 00] vga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2140 Apr 27 2024 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 Apr 27 2024 [ 2236 00] video.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5904 Apr 27 2024 [ 2237 00] video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5588 Apr 27 2024 [ 2240 00] video_bochs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6004 Apr 27 2024 [ 2243 00] video_cirrus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5568 Apr 27 2024 [ 2246 00] video_colors.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20856 Apr 27 2024 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3992 Apr 27 2024 [ 2260 00] videoinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 Apr 27 2024 [ 2262 00] videotest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Apr 27 2024 [ 2265 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 Apr 27 2024 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8012 Apr 27 2024 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27340 Apr 27 2024 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 Apr 27 2024 [ 2286 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Apr 27 2024 [ 2288 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 Apr 27 2024 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40048 Apr 27 2024 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5424 Apr 27 2024 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 Apr 27 2024 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45660 Apr 27 2024 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 43 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 43 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 44 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 44 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,298 +1,298 @@\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2025-05-30 07:08:40.000000 .\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2025-05-30 07:08:41.000000 boot\n-dr-xr-xr-x 6 0 0 2048 2025-05-30 07:08:41.000000 boot/grub\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2025-05-30 07:08:41.000000 boot/grub/fonts\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 38912 2025-05-30 07:08:41.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2025-05-30 07:08:41.000000 boot/grub/locale\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2025-05-30 07:08:41.000000 boot/grub/roms\n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 2025-05-30 07:08:41.000000 boot.catalog\n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 2025-05-30 07:08:41.000000 boot/grub/fonts/unicode.pf2\n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 2025-05-30 07:08:40.000000 boot/grub/grub.cfg\n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7812 2025-05-30 07:08:41.000000 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boot/grub/i386-pc/png.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1516 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/priority_queue.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3528 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/probe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/procfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2136 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/progress.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3680 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pxe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2616 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pxechain.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1292 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/raid5rec.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/raid6rec.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3696 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/random.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1848 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/rdmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1688 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/read.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1640 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reboot.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50724 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/regexp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8692 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reiserfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/relocator.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4084 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/romfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/scsi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3700 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_file.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3188 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3120 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_label.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7012 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sendkey.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9420 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/serial.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5232 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setpci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5116 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/shift_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6380 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/signature_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2268 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/smbios.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2024 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/spkmodem.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6988 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/squash4.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/strtoull_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17356 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/syslinuxcfg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3184 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tar.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12196 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4992 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test_blockarg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2740 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testload.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testspeed.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5312 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tftp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/time.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2336 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1668 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/trig.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/true.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3564 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/truecrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8716 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/udf.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5236 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1_be.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5332 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs2.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6524 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/uhci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10360 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3764 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb_keyboard.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6912 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbms.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_common.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2296 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_ftdi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_pl2303.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_usbdebug.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbtest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9724 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vbe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2620 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4932 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2140 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5904 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5588 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6004 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5568 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20856 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3992 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8012 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27340 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40048 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5424 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45660 2024-04-27 01:59:32.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 May 30 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 30 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Apr 27 2024 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 30 2025 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 3592 May 30 2025 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4332 May 30 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 548 May 30 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2636 May 30 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3180 May 30 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 808 May 30 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5016 May 30 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 236 May 30 2025 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 496 May 30 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1584 May 30 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2016 May 30 2025 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2668 May 30 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 752 May 30 2025 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3596 May 30 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2520 May 30 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 May 30 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2020 May 30 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1100 May 30 2025 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1184 May 30 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12504 May 30 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1016 May 30 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9136 May 30 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1108 May 30 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1352 May 30 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1840 May 30 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1180 May 30 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 May 30 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 540 May 30 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1112 May 30 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1572 May 30 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1160 May 30 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 564 May 30 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 856 May 30 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1008 May 30 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1784 May 30 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1472 May 30 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 848 May 30 2025 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1248 May 30 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1292 May 30 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 728 May 30 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 800 May 30 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 416 May 30 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2328 May 30 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6704 May 30 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1480 May 30 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 May 30 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1020 May 30 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 700 May 30 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 May 30 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1268 May 30 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5344 May 30 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 504 May 30 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2244 May 30 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 844 May 30 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2388 May 30 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 888 May 30 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9360 May 30 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3172 May 30 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3688 May 30 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6048 May 30 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2408 May 30 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 47901 May 30 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 652 May 30 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3300 May 30 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 556 May 30 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3192 May 30 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2408 May 30 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3380 May 30 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3560 May 30 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5836 May 30 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6540 May 30 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1160 May 30 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 204 May 30 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 May 30 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8456 May 30 2025 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 788 May 30 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5500 May 30 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8408 May 30 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10640 May 30 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8608 May 30 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4064 May 30 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 May 30 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1508 May 30 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1440 May 30 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1828 May 30 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1312 May 30 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7608 May 30 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2732 May 30 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 880 May 30 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4500 May 30 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5392 May 30 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3168 May 30 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2084 May 30 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3012 May 30 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10224 May 30 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9844 May 30 2025 [ 250 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6100 May 30 2025 [ 255 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3756 May 30 2025 [ 258 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2524 May 30 2025 [ 260 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2112 May 30 2025 [ 262 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15492 May 30 2025 [ 264 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3900 May 30 2025 [ 272 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1124 May 30 2025 [ 274 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1848 May 30 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1808 May 30 2025 [ 276 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4484 May 30 2025 [ 277 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2180 May 30 2025 [ 280 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 May 30 2025 [ 282 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2884 May 30 2025 [ 284 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 492 May 30 2025 [ 286 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1268 May 30 2025 [ 287 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1444 May 30 2025 [ 288 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3756 May 30 2025 [ 289 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4136 May 30 2025 [ 291 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1536 May 30 2025 [ 294 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2724 May 30 2025 [ 295 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1168 May 30 2025 [ 297 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 May 30 2025 [ 298 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4656 May 30 2025 [ 299 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3324 May 30 2025 [ 302 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3960 May 30 2025 [ 304 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2512 May 30 2025 [ 306 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1396 May 30 2025 [ 308 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 764 May 30 2025 [ 309 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2904 May 30 2025 [ 310 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 908 May 30 2025 [ 312 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11044 May 30 2025 [ 313 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6160 May 30 2025 [ 319 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2620 May 30 2025 [ 323 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2808 May 30 2025 [ 325 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1368 May 30 2025 [ 327 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1668 May 30 2025 [ 328 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2068 May 30 2025 [ 329 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 972 May 30 2025 [ 331 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 804 May 30 2025 [ 332 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 May 30 2025 [ 333 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1816 May 30 2025 [ 334 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5868 May 30 2025 [ 335 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3892 May 30 2025 [ 338 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2596 May 30 2025 [ 340 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1572 May 30 2025 [ 342 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3208 May 30 2025 [ 343 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 988 May 30 2025 [ 345 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 May 30 2025 [ 346 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 960 May 30 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 904 May 30 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 892 May 30 2025 [ 349 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1124 May 30 2025 [ 350 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1540 May 30 2025 [ 351 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1996 May 30 2025 [ 352 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2080 May 30 2025 [ 353 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2148 May 30 2025 [ 355 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2036 May 30 2025 [ 357 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2108 May 30 2025 [ 358 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2068 May 30 2025 [ 360 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4180 May 30 2025 [ 362 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2124 May 30 2025 [ 365 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1284 May 30 2025 [ 367 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 708 May 30 2025 [ 368 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12552 May 30 2025 [ 369 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1080 May 30 2025 [ 376 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 932 May 30 2025 [ 377 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6644 May 30 2025 [ 378 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7032 May 30 2025 [ 382 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1916 May 30 2025 [ 386 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25172 May 30 2025 [ 387 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1364 May 30 2025 [ 400 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3352 May 30 2025 [ 401 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 44716 May 30 2025 [ 403 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5692 May 30 2025 [ 425 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2436 May 30 2025 [ 428 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1072 May 30 2025 [ 430 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1284 May 30 2025 [ 431 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 680 May 30 2025 [ 432 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4444 May 30 2025 [ 433 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 May 30 2025 [ 436 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 896 May 30 2025 [ 437 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 May 30 2025 [ 438 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 May 30 2025 [ 439 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 860 May 30 2025 [ 440 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 704 May 30 2025 [ 441 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 May 30 2025 [ 442 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1192 May 30 2025 [ 443 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 828 May 30 2025 [ 444 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 736 May 30 2025 [ 445 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 772 May 30 2025 [ 446 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 116 May 30 2025 [ 447 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 68 May 30 2025 [ 448 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2052 May 30 2025 [ 449 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 832 May 30 2025 [ 451 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1292 May 30 2025 [ 452 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2344 May 30 2025 [ 453 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 684 May 30 2025 [ 455 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 928 May 30 2025 [ 456 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 720 May 30 2025 [ 457 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1108 May 30 2025 [ 458 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4728 May 30 2025 [ 459 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3060 May 30 2025 [ 462 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3032 May 30 2025 [ 464 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1208 May 30 2025 [ 466 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4092 May 30 2025 [ 467 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 800 May 30 2025 [ 469 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1468 May 30 2025 [ 470 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 May 30 2025 [ 471 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 May 30 2025 [ 472 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1548 May 30 2025 [ 473 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1136 May 30 2025 [ 474 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 696 May 30 2025 [ 475 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1216 May 30 2025 [ 476 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1776 May 30 2025 [ 477 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 848 May 30 2025 [ 478 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 736 May 30 2025 [ 479 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 736 May 30 2025 [ 480 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 26892 May 30 2025 [ 481 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4260 May 30 2025 [ 495 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6692 May 30 2025 [ 498 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2156 May 30 2025 [ 502 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2288 May 30 2025 [ 504 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1420 May 30 2025 [ 506 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1508 May 30 2025 [ 507 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1608 May 30 2025 [ 508 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1516 May 30 2025 [ 509 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2544 May 30 2025 [ 510 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3956 May 30 2025 [ 512 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 300 May 30 2025 [ 514 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 676 May 30 2025 [ 515 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2152 May 30 2025 [ 516 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2592 May 30 2025 [ 518 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1156 May 30 2025 [ 520 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4268 May 30 2025 [ 521 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 912 May 30 2025 [ 524 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1112 May 30 2025 [ 525 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2328 May 30 2025 [ 526 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 804 May 30 2025 [ 528 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3752 May 30 2025 [ 529 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 May 30 2025 [ 531 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7156 May 30 2025 [ 532 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1536 May 30 2025 [ 536 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 164 May 30 2025 [ 537 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1760 May 30 2025 [ 538 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5112 May 30 2025 [ 539 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2204 May 30 2025 [ 542 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 576 May 30 2025 [ 544 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1236 May 30 2025 [ 545 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1024 May 30 2025 [ 546 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 May 30 2025 [ 547 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1792 May 30 2025 [ 549 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 684 May 30 2025 [ 550 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1080 May 30 2025 [ 551 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 788 May 30 2025 [ 552 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 500 May 30 2025 [ 553 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1544 May 30 2025 [ 554 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4476 May 30 2025 [ 555 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2604 May 30 2025 [ 558 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2808 May 30 2025 [ 560 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2708 May 30 2025 [ 562 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2968 May 30 2025 [ 564 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5176 May 30 2025 [ 566 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1804 May 30 2025 [ 569 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2820 May 30 2025 [ 570 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 960 May 30 2025 [ 572 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1004 May 30 2025 [ 573 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1056 May 30 2025 [ 574 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 616 May 30 2025 [ 575 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1756 May 30 2025 [ 576 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4096 May 30 2025 [ 577 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1280 May 30 2025 [ 579 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1892 May 30 2025 [ 580 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1020 May 30 2025 [ 581 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 84 May 30 2025 [ 582 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2288 May 30 2025 [ 583 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2136 May 30 2025 [ 585 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2348 May 30 2025 [ 587 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2232 May 30 2025 [ 589 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9312 May 30 2025 [ 591 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1704 May 30 2025 [ 596 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1652 May 30 2025 [ 597 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 884 May 30 2025 [ 598 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 724 May 30 2025 [ 599 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4004 May 30 2025 [ 600 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11276 May 30 2025 [ 602 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 972 May 30 2025 [ 608 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 808 May 30 2025 [ 609 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7940 May 30 2025 [ 610 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 18864 May 30 2025 [ 614 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2644 May 30 2025 [ 624 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2528 May 30 2025 [ 626 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19152 May 30 2025 [ 628 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 3592 Apr 27 2024 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4332 Apr 27 2024 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 548 Apr 27 2024 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2636 Apr 27 2024 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3180 Apr 27 2024 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 808 Apr 27 2024 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5016 Apr 27 2024 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 236 Apr 27 2024 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 496 Apr 27 2024 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1584 Apr 27 2024 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2016 Apr 27 2024 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2668 Apr 27 2024 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 752 Apr 27 2024 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3596 Apr 27 2024 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2520 Apr 27 2024 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Apr 27 2024 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2020 Apr 27 2024 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1100 Apr 27 2024 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1184 Apr 27 2024 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12504 Apr 27 2024 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1016 Apr 27 2024 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9136 Apr 27 2024 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1108 Apr 27 2024 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1352 Apr 27 2024 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1840 Apr 27 2024 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1180 Apr 27 2024 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 Apr 27 2024 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 540 Apr 27 2024 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1112 Apr 27 2024 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1572 Apr 27 2024 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1160 Apr 27 2024 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 564 Apr 27 2024 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 856 Apr 27 2024 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1008 Apr 27 2024 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1784 Apr 27 2024 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1472 Apr 27 2024 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 848 Apr 27 2024 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1248 Apr 27 2024 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1292 Apr 27 2024 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 728 Apr 27 2024 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 800 Apr 27 2024 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 416 Apr 27 2024 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2328 Apr 27 2024 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6704 Apr 27 2024 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1480 Apr 27 2024 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Apr 27 2024 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1020 Apr 27 2024 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 700 Apr 27 2024 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Apr 27 2024 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1268 Apr 27 2024 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5344 Apr 27 2024 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 504 Apr 27 2024 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2244 Apr 27 2024 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 844 Apr 27 2024 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2388 Apr 27 2024 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 888 Apr 27 2024 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9360 Apr 27 2024 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3172 Apr 27 2024 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3688 Apr 27 2024 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6048 Apr 27 2024 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2408 Apr 27 2024 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 47901 Apr 27 2024 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 652 Apr 27 2024 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3300 Apr 27 2024 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 556 Apr 27 2024 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3192 Apr 27 2024 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2408 Apr 27 2024 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3380 Apr 27 2024 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3560 Apr 27 2024 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5836 Apr 27 2024 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6540 Apr 27 2024 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1160 Apr 27 2024 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 204 Apr 27 2024 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Apr 27 2024 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8456 Apr 27 2024 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 788 Apr 27 2024 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5500 Apr 27 2024 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8408 Apr 27 2024 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10640 Apr 27 2024 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8608 Apr 27 2024 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4064 Apr 27 2024 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 Apr 27 2024 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1508 Apr 27 2024 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1440 Apr 27 2024 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1828 Apr 27 2024 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1312 Apr 27 2024 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7608 Apr 27 2024 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2732 Apr 27 2024 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 880 Apr 27 2024 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4500 Apr 27 2024 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5392 Apr 27 2024 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3168 Apr 27 2024 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2084 Apr 27 2024 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3012 Apr 27 2024 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10224 Apr 27 2024 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9844 Apr 27 2024 [ 250 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6100 Apr 27 2024 [ 255 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3756 Apr 27 2024 [ 258 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2524 Apr 27 2024 [ 260 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2112 Apr 27 2024 [ 262 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15492 Apr 27 2024 [ 264 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3900 Apr 27 2024 [ 272 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1124 Apr 27 2024 [ 274 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1848 Apr 27 2024 [ 275 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1808 Apr 27 2024 [ 276 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4484 Apr 27 2024 [ 277 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2180 Apr 27 2024 [ 280 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Apr 27 2024 [ 282 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2884 Apr 27 2024 [ 284 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 Apr 27 2024 [ 286 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1268 Apr 27 2024 [ 287 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1444 Apr 27 2024 [ 288 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3756 Apr 27 2024 [ 289 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4136 Apr 27 2024 [ 291 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1536 Apr 27 2024 [ 294 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2724 Apr 27 2024 [ 295 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1168 Apr 27 2024 [ 297 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Apr 27 2024 [ 298 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4656 Apr 27 2024 [ 299 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3324 Apr 27 2024 [ 302 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3960 Apr 27 2024 [ 304 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2512 Apr 27 2024 [ 306 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1396 Apr 27 2024 [ 308 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 764 Apr 27 2024 [ 309 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2904 Apr 27 2024 [ 310 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 908 Apr 27 2024 [ 312 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11044 Apr 27 2024 [ 313 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6160 Apr 27 2024 [ 319 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2620 Apr 27 2024 [ 323 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2808 Apr 27 2024 [ 325 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 Apr 27 2024 [ 327 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1668 Apr 27 2024 [ 328 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2068 Apr 27 2024 [ 329 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 972 Apr 27 2024 [ 331 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 804 Apr 27 2024 [ 332 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Apr 27 2024 [ 333 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1816 Apr 27 2024 [ 334 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5868 Apr 27 2024 [ 335 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3892 Apr 27 2024 [ 338 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2596 Apr 27 2024 [ 340 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1572 Apr 27 2024 [ 342 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3208 Apr 27 2024 [ 343 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 988 Apr 27 2024 [ 345 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 Apr 27 2024 [ 346 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 960 Apr 27 2024 [ 347 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 904 Apr 27 2024 [ 348 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 892 Apr 27 2024 [ 349 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1124 Apr 27 2024 [ 350 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1540 Apr 27 2024 [ 351 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1996 Apr 27 2024 [ 352 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2080 Apr 27 2024 [ 353 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2148 Apr 27 2024 [ 355 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2036 Apr 27 2024 [ 357 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2108 Apr 27 2024 [ 358 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2068 Apr 27 2024 [ 360 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4180 Apr 27 2024 [ 362 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2124 Apr 27 2024 [ 365 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1284 Apr 27 2024 [ 367 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 708 Apr 27 2024 [ 368 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12552 Apr 27 2024 [ 369 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1080 Apr 27 2024 [ 376 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 932 Apr 27 2024 [ 377 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6644 Apr 27 2024 [ 378 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7032 Apr 27 2024 [ 382 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1916 Apr 27 2024 [ 386 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25172 Apr 27 2024 [ 387 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1364 Apr 27 2024 [ 400 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3352 Apr 27 2024 [ 401 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 44716 Apr 27 2024 [ 403 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5692 Apr 27 2024 [ 425 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2436 Apr 27 2024 [ 428 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1072 Apr 27 2024 [ 430 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1284 Apr 27 2024 [ 431 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 680 Apr 27 2024 [ 432 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4444 Apr 27 2024 [ 433 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Apr 27 2024 [ 436 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 896 Apr 27 2024 [ 437 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 Apr 27 2024 [ 438 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 Apr 27 2024 [ 439 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 860 Apr 27 2024 [ 440 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 704 Apr 27 2024 [ 441 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Apr 27 2024 [ 442 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1192 Apr 27 2024 [ 443 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 828 Apr 27 2024 [ 444 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 736 Apr 27 2024 [ 445 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 772 Apr 27 2024 [ 446 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 116 Apr 27 2024 [ 447 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 68 Apr 27 2024 [ 448 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2052 Apr 27 2024 [ 449 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 832 Apr 27 2024 [ 451 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1292 Apr 27 2024 [ 452 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2344 Apr 27 2024 [ 453 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 684 Apr 27 2024 [ 455 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 928 Apr 27 2024 [ 456 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 720 Apr 27 2024 [ 457 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1108 Apr 27 2024 [ 458 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4728 Apr 27 2024 [ 459 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3060 Apr 27 2024 [ 462 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3032 Apr 27 2024 [ 464 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1208 Apr 27 2024 [ 466 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4092 Apr 27 2024 [ 467 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 800 Apr 27 2024 [ 469 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1468 Apr 27 2024 [ 470 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Apr 27 2024 [ 471 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Apr 27 2024 [ 472 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1548 Apr 27 2024 [ 473 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1136 Apr 27 2024 [ 474 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 696 Apr 27 2024 [ 475 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1216 Apr 27 2024 [ 476 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1776 Apr 27 2024 [ 477 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 848 Apr 27 2024 [ 478 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 736 Apr 27 2024 [ 479 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 736 Apr 27 2024 [ 480 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 26892 Apr 27 2024 [ 481 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4260 Apr 27 2024 [ 495 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6692 Apr 27 2024 [ 498 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2156 Apr 27 2024 [ 502 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2288 Apr 27 2024 [ 504 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1420 Apr 27 2024 [ 506 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1508 Apr 27 2024 [ 507 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1608 Apr 27 2024 [ 508 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1516 Apr 27 2024 [ 509 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2544 Apr 27 2024 [ 510 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3956 Apr 27 2024 [ 512 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 300 Apr 27 2024 [ 514 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 676 Apr 27 2024 [ 515 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2152 Apr 27 2024 [ 516 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2592 Apr 27 2024 [ 518 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1156 Apr 27 2024 [ 520 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4268 Apr 27 2024 [ 521 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 912 Apr 27 2024 [ 524 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1112 Apr 27 2024 [ 525 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2328 Apr 27 2024 [ 526 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 804 Apr 27 2024 [ 528 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3752 Apr 27 2024 [ 529 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 Apr 27 2024 [ 531 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7156 Apr 27 2024 [ 532 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1536 Apr 27 2024 [ 536 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 164 Apr 27 2024 [ 537 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1760 Apr 27 2024 [ 538 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5112 Apr 27 2024 [ 539 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 Apr 27 2024 [ 542 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 576 Apr 27 2024 [ 544 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1236 Apr 27 2024 [ 545 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1024 Apr 27 2024 [ 546 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 Apr 27 2024 [ 547 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1792 Apr 27 2024 [ 549 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 684 Apr 27 2024 [ 550 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1080 Apr 27 2024 [ 551 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 788 Apr 27 2024 [ 552 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 500 Apr 27 2024 [ 553 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1544 Apr 27 2024 [ 554 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4476 Apr 27 2024 [ 555 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2604 Apr 27 2024 [ 558 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2808 Apr 27 2024 [ 560 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2708 Apr 27 2024 [ 562 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2968 Apr 27 2024 [ 564 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5176 Apr 27 2024 [ 566 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1804 Apr 27 2024 [ 569 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2820 Apr 27 2024 [ 570 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 960 Apr 27 2024 [ 572 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1004 Apr 27 2024 [ 573 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1056 Apr 27 2024 [ 574 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 616 Apr 27 2024 [ 575 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1756 Apr 27 2024 [ 576 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4096 Apr 27 2024 [ 577 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1280 Apr 27 2024 [ 579 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1892 Apr 27 2024 [ 580 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1020 Apr 27 2024 [ 581 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 84 Apr 27 2024 [ 582 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2288 Apr 27 2024 [ 583 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2136 Apr 27 2024 [ 585 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2348 Apr 27 2024 [ 587 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2232 Apr 27 2024 [ 589 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9312 Apr 27 2024 [ 591 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1704 Apr 27 2024 [ 596 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1652 Apr 27 2024 [ 597 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 884 Apr 27 2024 [ 598 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 724 Apr 27 2024 [ 599 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4004 Apr 27 2024 [ 600 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11276 Apr 27 2024 [ 602 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 972 Apr 27 2024 [ 608 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 808 Apr 27 2024 [ 609 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7940 Apr 27 2024 [ 610 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 18864 Apr 27 2024 [ 614 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2644 Apr 27 2024 [ 624 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2528 Apr 27 2024 [ 626 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19152 Apr 27 2024 [ 628 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 May 30 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 30 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Apr 27 2024 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 30 2025 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 30 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3592 May 30 2025 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4332 May 30 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 548 May 30 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2636 May 30 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3180 May 30 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 May 30 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5016 May 30 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 236 May 30 2025 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 May 30 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1584 May 30 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2016 May 30 2025 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2668 May 30 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 752 May 30 2025 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3596 May 30 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2520 May 30 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 May 30 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2020 May 30 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 May 30 2025 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 May 30 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12504 May 30 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 May 30 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9136 May 30 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 May 30 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1352 May 30 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1840 May 30 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1180 May 30 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 May 30 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 540 May 30 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 May 30 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1572 May 30 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 May 30 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 564 May 30 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 856 May 30 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1008 May 30 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1784 May 30 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 May 30 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 May 30 2025 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1248 May 30 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1292 May 30 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 May 30 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 May 30 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 416 May 30 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 May 30 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6704 May 30 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 May 30 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 May 30 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 May 30 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 May 30 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 May 30 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1268 May 30 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5344 May 30 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 504 May 30 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2244 May 30 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 May 30 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2388 May 30 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 May 30 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9360 May 30 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3172 May 30 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3688 May 30 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6048 May 30 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2408 May 30 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 47901 May 30 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 652 May 30 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3300 May 30 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 556 May 30 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3192 May 30 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2408 May 30 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 May 30 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3560 May 30 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5836 May 30 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6540 May 30 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 May 30 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 204 May 30 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 May 30 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8456 May 30 2025 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 May 30 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5500 May 30 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8408 May 30 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10640 May 30 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8608 May 30 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4064 May 30 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 May 30 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 May 30 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 May 30 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 May 30 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1312 May 30 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7608 May 30 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 May 30 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 880 May 30 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4500 May 30 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5392 May 30 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3168 May 30 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2084 May 30 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3012 May 30 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10224 May 30 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9844 May 30 2025 [ 250 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6100 May 30 2025 [ 255 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3756 May 30 2025 [ 258 00] gdb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2524 May 30 2025 [ 260 00] geli.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2112 May 30 2025 [ 262 00] gettext.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15492 May 30 2025 [ 264 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3900 May 30 2025 [ 272 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 May 30 2025 [ 274 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1848 May 30 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1808 May 30 2025 [ 276 00] gptsync.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4484 May 30 2025 [ 277 00] gzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2180 May 30 2025 [ 280 00] halt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 May 30 2025 [ 282 00] hashsum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2884 May 30 2025 [ 284 00] hdparm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 492 May 30 2025 [ 286 00] hello.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1268 May 30 2025 [ 287 00] help.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1444 May 30 2025 [ 288 00] hexdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3756 May 30 2025 [ 289 00] hfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 May 30 2025 [ 291 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 May 30 2025 [ 294 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2724 May 30 2025 [ 295 00] http.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 May 30 2025 [ 297 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 May 30 2025 [ 298 00] iorw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4656 May 30 2025 [ 299 00] iso9660.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3324 May 30 2025 [ 302 00] jfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3960 May 30 2025 [ 304 00] jpeg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2512 May 30 2025 [ 306 00] json.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1396 May 30 2025 [ 308 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 764 May 30 2025 [ 309 00] keystatus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2904 May 30 2025 [ 310 00] ldm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 May 30 2025 [ 312 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11044 May 30 2025 [ 313 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6160 May 30 2025 [ 319 00] linux.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2620 May 30 2025 [ 323 00] linux16.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 May 30 2025 [ 325 00] loadenv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1368 May 30 2025 [ 327 00] loopback.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1668 May 30 2025 [ 328 00] ls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 May 30 2025 [ 329 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 May 30 2025 [ 331 00] lsapm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 May 30 2025 [ 332 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 May 30 2025 [ 333 00] lspci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 May 30 2025 [ 334 00] luks.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5868 May 30 2025 [ 335 00] luks2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3892 May 30 2025 [ 338 00] lvm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2596 May 30 2025 [ 340 00] lzopio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1572 May 30 2025 [ 342 00] macbless.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3208 May 30 2025 [ 343 00] macho.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 988 May 30 2025 [ 345 00] mda_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 May 30 2025 [ 346 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 May 30 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 904 May 30 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 May 30 2025 [ 349 00] memdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 May 30 2025 [ 350 00] memrw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1540 May 30 2025 [ 351 00] minicmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1996 May 30 2025 [ 352 00] minix.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2080 May 30 2025 [ 353 00] minix2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2148 May 30 2025 [ 355 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2036 May 30 2025 [ 357 00] minix3.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2108 May 30 2025 [ 358 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 May 30 2025 [ 360 00] minix_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4180 May 30 2025 [ 362 00] mmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 May 30 2025 [ 365 00] moddep.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1284 May 30 2025 [ 367 00] modinfo.sh \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 May 30 2025 [ 368 00] morse.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12552 May 30 2025 [ 369 00] mpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 May 30 2025 [ 376 00] msdospart.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 932 May 30 2025 [ 377 00] mul_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6644 May 30 2025 [ 378 00] multiboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7032 May 30 2025 [ 382 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1916 May 30 2025 [ 386 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25172 May 30 2025 [ 387 00] net.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 May 30 2025 [ 400 00] newc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3352 May 30 2025 [ 401 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44716 May 30 2025 [ 403 00] normal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5692 May 30 2025 [ 425 00] ntfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 May 30 2025 [ 428 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1072 May 30 2025 [ 430 00] ntldr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1284 May 30 2025 [ 431 00] odc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 680 May 30 2025 [ 432 00] offsetio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4444 May 30 2025 [ 433 00] ohci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 May 30 2025 [ 436 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 896 May 30 2025 [ 437 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 May 30 2025 [ 438 00] part_apple.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1272 May 30 2025 [ 439 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 May 30 2025 [ 440 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 704 May 30 2025 [ 441 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 May 30 2025 [ 442 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1192 May 30 2025 [ 443 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 828 May 30 2025 [ 444 00] part_plan.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 May 30 2025 [ 445 00] part_sun.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 May 30 2025 [ 446 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 116 May 30 2025 [ 447 00] partmap.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 68 May 30 2025 [ 448 00] parttool.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2052 May 30 2025 [ 449 00] parttool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 832 May 30 2025 [ 451 00] password.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1292 May 30 2025 [ 452 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2344 May 30 2025 [ 453 00] pata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 May 30 2025 [ 455 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 May 30 2025 [ 456 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 720 May 30 2025 [ 457 00] pci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 May 30 2025 [ 458 00] pcidump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4728 May 30 2025 [ 459 00] pgp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3060 May 30 2025 [ 462 00] plainmount.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3032 May 30 2025 [ 464 00] plan9.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1208 May 30 2025 [ 466 00] play.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4092 May 30 2025 [ 467 00] png.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 May 30 2025 [ 469 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1468 May 30 2025 [ 470 00] probe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 956 May 30 2025 [ 471 00] procfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 May 30 2025 [ 472 00] progress.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1548 May 30 2025 [ 473 00] pxe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 May 30 2025 [ 474 00] pxechain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 696 May 30 2025 [ 475 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1216 May 30 2025 [ 476 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1776 May 30 2025 [ 477 00] random.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 May 30 2025 [ 478 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 May 30 2025 [ 479 00] read.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 May 30 2025 [ 480 00] reboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 26892 May 30 2025 [ 481 00] regexp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4260 May 30 2025 [ 495 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6692 May 30 2025 [ 498 00] relocator.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2156 May 30 2025 [ 502 00] romfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 May 30 2025 [ 504 00] scsi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1420 May 30 2025 [ 506 00] search.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 May 30 2025 [ 507 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1608 May 30 2025 [ 508 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 May 30 2025 [ 509 00] search_label.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2544 May 30 2025 [ 510 00] sendkey.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3956 May 30 2025 [ 512 00] serial.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 300 May 30 2025 [ 514 00] setjmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 676 May 30 2025 [ 515 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2152 May 30 2025 [ 516 00] setpci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2592 May 30 2025 [ 518 00] sfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 May 30 2025 [ 520 00] shift_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4268 May 30 2025 [ 521 00] signature_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 912 May 30 2025 [ 524 00] sleep.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 May 30 2025 [ 525 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 May 30 2025 [ 526 00] smbios.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 May 30 2025 [ 528 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3752 May 30 2025 [ 529 00] squash4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 May 30 2025 [ 531 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7156 May 30 2025 [ 532 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 May 30 2025 [ 536 00] tar.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 164 May 30 2025 [ 537 00] terminal.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1760 May 30 2025 [ 538 00] terminal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5112 May 30 2025 [ 539 00] terminfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2204 May 30 2025 [ 542 00] test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 576 May 30 2025 [ 544 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1236 May 30 2025 [ 545 00] testload.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 May 30 2025 [ 546 00] testspeed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2300 May 30 2025 [ 547 00] tftp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1792 May 30 2025 [ 549 00] tga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 May 30 2025 [ 550 00] time.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 May 30 2025 [ 551 00] tr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 May 30 2025 [ 552 00] trig.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 May 30 2025 [ 553 00] true.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1544 May 30 2025 [ 554 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4476 May 30 2025 [ 555 00] udf.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2604 May 30 2025 [ 558 00] ufs1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 May 30 2025 [ 560 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 May 30 2025 [ 562 00] ufs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2968 May 30 2025 [ 564 00] uhci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5176 May 30 2025 [ 566 00] usb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1804 May 30 2025 [ 569 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2820 May 30 2025 [ 570 00] usbms.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 May 30 2025 [ 572 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1004 May 30 2025 [ 573 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1056 May 30 2025 [ 574 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 616 May 30 2025 [ 575 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1756 May 30 2025 [ 576 00] usbtest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4096 May 30 2025 [ 577 00] vbe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1280 May 30 2025 [ 579 00] verifiers.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 May 30 2025 [ 580 00] vga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 May 30 2025 [ 581 00] vga_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 84 May 30 2025 [ 582 00] video.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 May 30 2025 [ 583 00] video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2136 May 30 2025 [ 585 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2348 May 30 2025 [ 587 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2232 May 30 2025 [ 589 00] video_colors.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9312 May 30 2025 [ 591 00] video_fb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1704 May 30 2025 [ 596 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1652 May 30 2025 [ 597 00] videotest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 884 May 30 2025 [ 598 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 May 30 2025 [ 599 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 May 30 2025 [ 600 00] xfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11276 May 30 2025 [ 602 00] xnu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 May 30 2025 [ 608 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 May 30 2025 [ 609 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7940 May 30 2025 [ 610 00] xzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 18864 May 30 2025 [ 614 00] zfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2644 May 30 2025 [ 624 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2528 May 30 2025 [ 626 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19152 May 30 2025 [ 628 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3592 Apr 27 2024 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4332 Apr 27 2024 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 548 Apr 27 2024 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2636 Apr 27 2024 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3180 Apr 27 2024 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 Apr 27 2024 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5016 Apr 27 2024 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 236 Apr 27 2024 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 Apr 27 2024 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1584 Apr 27 2024 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2016 Apr 27 2024 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2668 Apr 27 2024 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 752 Apr 27 2024 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3596 Apr 27 2024 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2520 Apr 27 2024 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Apr 27 2024 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2020 Apr 27 2024 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 Apr 27 2024 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 Apr 27 2024 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12504 Apr 27 2024 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Apr 27 2024 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9136 Apr 27 2024 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 Apr 27 2024 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1352 Apr 27 2024 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1840 Apr 27 2024 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1180 Apr 27 2024 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Apr 27 2024 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 540 Apr 27 2024 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 Apr 27 2024 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1572 Apr 27 2024 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 Apr 27 2024 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 564 Apr 27 2024 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 856 Apr 27 2024 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1008 Apr 27 2024 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1784 Apr 27 2024 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 Apr 27 2024 [ 105 00] command.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 Apr 27 2024 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1248 Apr 27 2024 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1292 Apr 27 2024 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 Apr 27 2024 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Apr 27 2024 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 416 Apr 27 2024 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 Apr 27 2024 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6704 Apr 27 2024 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 Apr 27 2024 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Apr 27 2024 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 Apr 27 2024 [ 120 00] date.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Apr 27 2024 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Apr 27 2024 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1268 Apr 27 2024 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5344 Apr 27 2024 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 504 Apr 27 2024 [ 127 00] div.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2244 Apr 27 2024 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Apr 27 2024 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2388 Apr 27 2024 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Apr 27 2024 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9360 Apr 27 2024 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3172 Apr 27 2024 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3688 Apr 27 2024 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6048 Apr 27 2024 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2408 Apr 27 2024 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 47901 Apr 27 2024 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 652 Apr 27 2024 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3300 Apr 27 2024 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 556 Apr 27 2024 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3192 Apr 27 2024 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2408 Apr 27 2024 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Apr 27 2024 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3560 Apr 27 2024 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5836 Apr 27 2024 [ 184 00] file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6540 Apr 27 2024 [ 187 00] font.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 Apr 27 2024 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 204 Apr 27 2024 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Apr 27 2024 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8456 Apr 27 2024 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 Apr 27 2024 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5500 Apr 27 2024 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8408 Apr 27 2024 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10640 Apr 27 2024 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8608 Apr 27 2024 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4064 Apr 27 2024 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 Apr 27 2024 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 Apr 27 2024 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 Apr 27 2024 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 Apr 27 2024 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1312 Apr 27 2024 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7608 Apr 27 2024 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Apr 27 2024 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 880 Apr 27 2024 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4500 Apr 27 2024 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5392 Apr 27 2024 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3168 Apr 27 2024 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2084 Apr 27 2024 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3012 Apr 27 2024 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10224 Apr 27 2024 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9844 Apr 27 2024 [ 250 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6100 Apr 27 2024 [ 255 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3756 Apr 27 2024 [ 258 00] gdb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2524 Apr 27 2024 [ 260 00] geli.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2112 Apr 27 2024 [ 262 00] gettext.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15492 Apr 27 2024 [ 264 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3900 Apr 27 2024 [ 272 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Apr 27 2024 [ 274 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1848 Apr 27 2024 [ 275 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1808 Apr 27 2024 [ 276 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4484 Apr 27 2024 [ 277 00] gzio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2180 Apr 27 2024 [ 280 00] halt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Apr 27 2024 [ 282 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2884 Apr 27 2024 [ 284 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 492 Apr 27 2024 [ 286 00] hello.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1268 Apr 27 2024 [ 287 00] help.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1444 Apr 27 2024 [ 288 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3756 Apr 27 2024 [ 289 00] hfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 Apr 27 2024 [ 291 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 Apr 27 2024 [ 294 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2724 Apr 27 2024 [ 295 00] http.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 Apr 27 2024 [ 297 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Apr 27 2024 [ 298 00] iorw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4656 Apr 27 2024 [ 299 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3324 Apr 27 2024 [ 302 00] jfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3960 Apr 27 2024 [ 304 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2512 Apr 27 2024 [ 306 00] json.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1396 Apr 27 2024 [ 308 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 764 Apr 27 2024 [ 309 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2904 Apr 27 2024 [ 310 00] ldm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Apr 27 2024 [ 312 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11044 Apr 27 2024 [ 313 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6160 Apr 27 2024 [ 319 00] linux.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2620 Apr 27 2024 [ 323 00] linux16.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 Apr 27 2024 [ 325 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1368 Apr 27 2024 [ 327 00] loopback.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1668 Apr 27 2024 [ 328 00] ls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 Apr 27 2024 [ 329 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Apr 27 2024 [ 331 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 Apr 27 2024 [ 332 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Apr 27 2024 [ 333 00] lspci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 Apr 27 2024 [ 334 00] luks.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5868 Apr 27 2024 [ 335 00] luks2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3892 Apr 27 2024 [ 338 00] lvm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2596 Apr 27 2024 [ 340 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1572 Apr 27 2024 [ 342 00] macbless.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3208 Apr 27 2024 [ 343 00] macho.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 988 Apr 27 2024 [ 345 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 Apr 27 2024 [ 346 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 Apr 27 2024 [ 347 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 904 Apr 27 2024 [ 348 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Apr 27 2024 [ 349 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Apr 27 2024 [ 350 00] memrw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1540 Apr 27 2024 [ 351 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1996 Apr 27 2024 [ 352 00] minix.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2080 Apr 27 2024 [ 353 00] minix2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2148 Apr 27 2024 [ 355 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2036 Apr 27 2024 [ 357 00] minix3.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2108 Apr 27 2024 [ 358 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 Apr 27 2024 [ 360 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4180 Apr 27 2024 [ 362 00] mmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 Apr 27 2024 [ 365 00] moddep.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1284 Apr 27 2024 [ 367 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Apr 27 2024 [ 368 00] morse.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12552 Apr 27 2024 [ 369 00] mpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Apr 27 2024 [ 376 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 932 Apr 27 2024 [ 377 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6644 Apr 27 2024 [ 378 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7032 Apr 27 2024 [ 382 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1916 Apr 27 2024 [ 386 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25172 Apr 27 2024 [ 387 00] net.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 Apr 27 2024 [ 400 00] newc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3352 Apr 27 2024 [ 401 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44716 Apr 27 2024 [ 403 00] normal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5692 Apr 27 2024 [ 425 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 Apr 27 2024 [ 428 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1072 Apr 27 2024 [ 430 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1284 Apr 27 2024 [ 431 00] odc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 680 Apr 27 2024 [ 432 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4444 Apr 27 2024 [ 433 00] ohci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Apr 27 2024 [ 436 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 896 Apr 27 2024 [ 437 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Apr 27 2024 [ 438 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1272 Apr 27 2024 [ 439 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Apr 27 2024 [ 440 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 704 Apr 27 2024 [ 441 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Apr 27 2024 [ 442 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1192 Apr 27 2024 [ 443 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 828 Apr 27 2024 [ 444 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 Apr 27 2024 [ 445 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 Apr 27 2024 [ 446 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 116 Apr 27 2024 [ 447 00] partmap.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 68 Apr 27 2024 [ 448 00] parttool.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2052 Apr 27 2024 [ 449 00] parttool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 832 Apr 27 2024 [ 451 00] password.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1292 Apr 27 2024 [ 452 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2344 Apr 27 2024 [ 453 00] pata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Apr 27 2024 [ 455 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Apr 27 2024 [ 456 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 720 Apr 27 2024 [ 457 00] pci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 Apr 27 2024 [ 458 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4728 Apr 27 2024 [ 459 00] pgp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3060 Apr 27 2024 [ 462 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3032 Apr 27 2024 [ 464 00] plan9.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1208 Apr 27 2024 [ 466 00] play.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4092 Apr 27 2024 [ 467 00] png.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Apr 27 2024 [ 469 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1468 Apr 27 2024 [ 470 00] probe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 956 Apr 27 2024 [ 471 00] procfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Apr 27 2024 [ 472 00] progress.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1548 Apr 27 2024 [ 473 00] pxe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Apr 27 2024 [ 474 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 696 Apr 27 2024 [ 475 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1216 Apr 27 2024 [ 476 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1776 Apr 27 2024 [ 477 00] random.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 Apr 27 2024 [ 478 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 Apr 27 2024 [ 479 00] read.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 Apr 27 2024 [ 480 00] reboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 26892 Apr 27 2024 [ 481 00] regexp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4260 Apr 27 2024 [ 495 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6692 Apr 27 2024 [ 498 00] relocator.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2156 Apr 27 2024 [ 502 00] romfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 Apr 27 2024 [ 504 00] scsi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1420 Apr 27 2024 [ 506 00] search.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 Apr 27 2024 [ 507 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1608 Apr 27 2024 [ 508 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 Apr 27 2024 [ 509 00] search_label.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2544 Apr 27 2024 [ 510 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3956 Apr 27 2024 [ 512 00] serial.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 300 Apr 27 2024 [ 514 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 676 Apr 27 2024 [ 515 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2152 Apr 27 2024 [ 516 00] setpci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2592 Apr 27 2024 [ 518 00] sfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 Apr 27 2024 [ 520 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4268 Apr 27 2024 [ 521 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 912 Apr 27 2024 [ 524 00] sleep.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 Apr 27 2024 [ 525 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 Apr 27 2024 [ 526 00] smbios.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 Apr 27 2024 [ 528 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3752 Apr 27 2024 [ 529 00] squash4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Apr 27 2024 [ 531 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7156 Apr 27 2024 [ 532 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 Apr 27 2024 [ 536 00] tar.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 164 Apr 27 2024 [ 537 00] terminal.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1760 Apr 27 2024 [ 538 00] terminal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5112 Apr 27 2024 [ 539 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2204 Apr 27 2024 [ 542 00] test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 576 Apr 27 2024 [ 544 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1236 Apr 27 2024 [ 545 00] testload.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 Apr 27 2024 [ 546 00] testspeed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2300 Apr 27 2024 [ 547 00] tftp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1792 Apr 27 2024 [ 549 00] tga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Apr 27 2024 [ 550 00] time.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Apr 27 2024 [ 551 00] tr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 Apr 27 2024 [ 552 00] trig.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Apr 27 2024 [ 553 00] true.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1544 Apr 27 2024 [ 554 00] truecrypt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4476 Apr 27 2024 [ 555 00] udf.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2604 Apr 27 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01:59:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_pl2303.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 616 2024-04-27 01:59:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_usbdebug.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1756 2024-04-27 01:59:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbtest.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4096 2024-04-27 01:59:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vbe.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1280 2024-04-27 01:59:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 2024-04-27 01:59:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 2024-04-27 01:59:33.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 84 2024-04-27 01:59:37.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 2024-04-27 01:59:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2136 2024-04-27 01:59:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2348 2024-04-27 01:59:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2232 2024-04-27 01:59:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9312 2024-04-27 01:59:33.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1704 2024-04-27 01:59:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1652 2024-04-27 01:59:33.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 884 2024-04-27 01:59:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 2024-04-27 01:59:33.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 2024-04-27 01:59:33.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11276 2024-04-27 01:59:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 2024-04-27 01:59:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 2024-04-27 01:59:33.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7940 2024-04-27 01:59:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 18864 2024-04-27 01:59:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2644 2024-04-27 01:59:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2528 2024-04-27 01:59:33.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19152 2024-04-27 01:59:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "modinfo.sh-content", "source2": "modinfo.sh-content", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-3_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11688 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1019988 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11684 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1019704 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -124,15 +124,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3604 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2620 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2618 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 58384 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2804 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6744 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 114800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/normal.mod\n@@ -342,15 +342,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5836 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3871 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2632 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2630 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13696 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14684 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 58384 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2804 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/newc.mod\n@@ -562,15 +562,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5616 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5736 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5840 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5872 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5712 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2545 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2543 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44008 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2360 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 95336 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4464 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 10016 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 177208 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen_pvh\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-bin", "source2": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-bin", "comments": ["Ordering differences only"], "unified_diff": "@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object **.mod*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture **.mod*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture **efiemu64.o*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object **.mod*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture **.mod*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture **efiemu64.o*\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-dbg_2.12-3_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-dbg_2.12-3_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 14360 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7489476 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7489472 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-dbg", "source2": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-dbg", "comments": ["Ordering differences only"], "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@\n grub-xen-dbg: unstripped-binary-or-object **.module*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary **.image*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n-grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n+grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture **.module*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n-grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n+grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: unstripped-binary-or-object **.module*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary **.image*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n-grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n+grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture **.module*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n-grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n+grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-host_2.12-3_i386.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-host_2.12-3_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1296 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1325088 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1325144 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9252,17 +9252,17 @@\n .rel.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001140\n-15016255075\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+14613057056\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -92416,27 +92416,27 @@\n 0x00175553 08280000 67727562 2e636667 00000000 .(..grub.cfg....\n 0x00175563 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175573 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175583 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175593 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001755a3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001755b3 00000000 00000000 30303030 36343400 ........0000644.\n- 0x001755c3 30303032 31323700 30303032 31323700 0002127.0002127.\n- 0x001755d3 30303030 30303031 31343000 31353031 00000001140.1501\n- 0x001755e3 36323535 30373500 30313330 33360020 6255075.013036. \n+ 0x001755c3 30303034 32353600 30303034 32353600 0004256.0004256.\n+ 0x001755d3 30303030 30303031 31343000 31343631 00000001140.1461\n+ 0x001755e3 33303537 30353600 30313330 35330020 3057056.013053. \n 0x001755f3 30000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0...............\n 0x00175603 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175613 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175623 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175633 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175643 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175653 00000000 00757374 61722020 00706275 .....ustar .pbu\n- 0x00175663 696c6465 72310000 00000000 00000000 ilder1..........\n+ 0x00175663 696c6465 72320000 00000000 00000000 ilder2..........\n 0x00175673 00000000 00000000 00000000 00706275 .............pbu\n- 0x00175683 696c6465 72310000 00000000 00000000 ilder1..........\n+ 0x00175683 696c6465 72320000 00000000 00000000 ilder2..........\n 0x00175693 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756a3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756b3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756c3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756d3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756e3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756f3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9557,16 +9557,16 @@\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000000350\n 14612467024\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n if search -s -f /boot/grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/boot/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n if search -s -f /grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /grub/grub.cfg\n normal (memdisk)/grub.cfg\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -94406,27 +94406,27 @@\n 0x0027d02b 00000000 01000000 08280000 67727562 .........(..grub\n 0x0027d03b 2e636667 00000000 00000000 00000000 .cfg............\n 0x0027d04b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d05b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d06b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d07b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d08b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0027d09b 30303030 36343400 30303032 31323700 0000644.0002127.\n- 0x0027d0ab 30303032 31323700 30303030 30303030 0002127.00000000\n+ 0x0027d09b 30303030 36363400 30303034 32353600 0000664.0004256.\n+ 0x0027d0ab 30303034 32353600 30303030 30303030 0004256.00000000\n 0x0027d0bb 33353000 31343631 32343637 30323400 350.14612467024.\n- 0x0027d0cb 30313330 34300020 30000000 00000000 013040. 0.......\n+ 0x0027d0cb 30313330 35360020 30000000 00000000 013056. 0.......\n 0x0027d0db 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d0eb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d0fb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d10b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d11b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d12b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00757374 .............ust\n- 0x0027d13b 61722020 00706275 696c6465 72310000 ar .pbuilder1..\n+ 0x0027d13b 61722020 00706275 696c6465 72320000 ar .pbuilder2..\n 0x0027d14b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0027d15b 00000000 00706275 696c6465 72310000 .....pbuilder1..\n+ 0x0027d15b 00000000 00706275 696c6465 72320000 .....pbuilder2..\n 0x0027d16b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d17b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d18b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d19b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d1ab 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d1bb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d1cb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -10789,17 +10789,17 @@\n .rela.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001154\n-15016255076\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+14613057057\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -130821,27 +130821,27 @@\n 0x0020ea6f 01000000 08280000 67727562 2e636667 .....(..grub.cfg\n 0x0020ea7f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ea8f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ea9f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eaaf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eabf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eacf 00000000 00000000 00000000 30303030 ............0000\n- 0x0020eadf 36343400 30303032 31323700 30303032 644.0002127.0002\n- 0x0020eaef 31323700 30303030 30303031 31353400 127.00000001154.\n- 0x0020eaff 31353031 36323535 30373600 30313330 15016255076.0130\n- 0x0020eb0f 34340020 30000000 00000000 00000000 44. 0...........\n+ 0x0020eadf 36343400 30303034 32353600 30303034 644.0004256.0004\n+ 0x0020eaef 32353600 30303030 30303031 31353400 256.00000001154.\n+ 0x0020eaff 31343631 33303537 30353700 30313330 14613057057.0130\n+ 0x0020eb0f 36310020 30000000 00000000 00000000 61. 0...........\n 0x0020eb1f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb2f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb3f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb4f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb5f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb6f 00000000 00000000 00757374 61722020 .........ustar \n- 0x0020eb7f 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x0020eb7f 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x0020eb8f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0020eb9f 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x0020eb9f 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x0020ebaf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebbf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebcf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebdf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebef 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebff 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ec0f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.12-3_i386.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.12-3_i386.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1380 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 672824 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1376 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 672840 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/doc/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/grub/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1540 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 186 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub.md5sum\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 37891 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87272 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14847 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3572 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87274 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14849 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3581 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1957 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-install.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 921 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-reboot.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 655 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-set-default.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 248 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-grub.8.gz\n lrwxrwxrwx 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/sbin/update-grub2 -> update-grub\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-1", "source2": "grub.info-1", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18889 +1,18889 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.1 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3330 204d 6179 2032 3032 3529 2e0a 0a20 30 May 2025)... \n-00000080: 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 0a31 Copyright ...1\n-00000090: 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c 3230 999,2000,2001,20\n-000000a0: 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 3030 02,2004,2006,200\n-000000b0: 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 3131 8,2009,2010,2011\n-000000c0: 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 650a ,2012,2013 Free.\n-000000d0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 Software Foundat\n-000000e0: 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ion, Inc... \n-000000f0: 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6772 Permission is gr\n-00000100: 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c 2064 anted to copy, d\n-00000110: 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f 6f72 istribute and/or\n-00000120: 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 2020 modify this. \n-00000130: 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 6572 document under\n-00000140: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 the terms of th\n-00000150: 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d e GNU Free Docum\n-00000160: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n-00000170: 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 ,. Version 1\n-00000180: 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 .2 or any later \n-00000190: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 6865 version publishe\n-000001a0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 536f d by the Free So\n-000001b0: 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f 756e ftware. Foun\n-000001c0: 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 dation; with no \n-000001d0: 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f Invariant Sectio\n-000001e0: 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d53 4543 ns..INFO-DIR-SEC\n-000001f0: 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a 5354 4152 TION Kernel.STAR\n-00000200: 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 T-INFO-DIR-ENTRY\n-00000210: 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 7562 292e .* GRUB: (grub).\n-00000220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000230: 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 6669 The GRand Unifi\n-00000240: 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 720a 2a20 ed Bootloader.* \n-00000250: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a20 2867 grub-install: (g\n-00000260: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-00000270: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 2020 496e b-install. In\n-00000280: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f stall GRUB on yo\n-00000290: 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 7275 622d ur drive.* grub-\n-000002a0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 7275 6229 mkconfig: (grub)\n-000002b0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000002c0: 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e 6572 6174 config. Generat\n-000002d0: 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 e GRUB configura\n-000002e0: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 tion.* grub-mkpa\n-000002f0: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 2028 6772 sswd-pbkdf2: (gr\n-00000300: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000310: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-00000320: 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ..* grub-mkrelpa\n-00000330: 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 th: (grub)Invoki\n-00000340: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n-00000350: 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 h..* grub-mkresc\n-00000360: 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 ue: (grub)Invoki\n-00000370: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ng grub-mkrescue\n-00000380: 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 . 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730a fic limitations.\n-00000ca0: 2a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 * Platform-speci\n-00000cb0: 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a fic operations::\n-00000cc0: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 Platform-specif\n-00000cd0: 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 ic operations.* \n-00000ce0: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c Supported kernel\n-00000cf0: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5375 s:: Su\n-00000d00: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a pported kernels.\n-00000d10: 2a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e * Troubleshootin\n-00000d20: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g:: \n-00000d30: 4572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 Error messages p\n-00000d40: 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a roduced by GRUB.\n-00000d50: 2a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 * User-space uti\n-00000d60: 6c69 7469 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 lities:: \n-00000d70: 5573 6167 6520 6f66 2075 7365 722d 7370 Usage of user-sp\n-00000d80: 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a20 ace utilities.* \n-00000d90: 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 Obtaining and Bu\n-00000da0: 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a20 486f ilding GRUB:: Ho\n-00000db0: 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 w to obtain and \n-00000dc0: 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2052 6570 build GRUB.* Rep\n-00000dd0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 733a 3a20 2020 orting bugs:: \n-00000de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 7265 Where\n-00000df0: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7365 6e64 you should send\n-00000e00: 2061 2062 7567 2072 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 a bug report.* \n-00000e10: 4675 7475 7265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 Future:: \n-00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f So\n-00000e30: 6d65 2066 7574 7572 6520 706c 616e 7320 me future plans \n-00000e40: 6f6e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 436f 7079 696e on GRUB.* Copyin\n-00000e50: 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 g This Manual:: \n-00000e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7079 696e 6720 Copying \n-00000e70: 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e This Manual.* In\n-00000e80: 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 dex::....File: g\n-00000e90: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00000ea0: 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 Introduction, \n-00000eb0: 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e Next: Naming con\n-00000ec0: 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 vention, Prev: \n-00000ed0: 546f 702c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 Top, Up: Top..1\n-00000ee0: 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e20 746f Introduction to\n-00000ef0: 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a GRUB.**********\n-00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 ************..* \n-00000f10: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204f 7665 7276 6965 Menu:..* Overvie\n-00000f20: 773a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 w:: \n-00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2057 6861 7420 6578 6163 What exac\n-00000f40: 746c 7920 4752 5542 2069 7320 616e 6420 tly GRUB is and \n-00000f50: 686f 7720 746f 2075 7365 2069 740a 2a20 how to use it.* \n-00000f60: 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 History:: \n-00000f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4672 Fr\n-00000f80: 6f6d 206d 6167 676f 7420 746f 2068 6f75 om maggot to hou\n-00000f90: 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 se fly.* Changes\n-00000fa0: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 from GRUB Legac\n-00000fb0: 793a 3a20 2020 2044 6966 6665 7265 6e63 y:: Differenc\n-00000fc0: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 es from previous\n-00000fd0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 730a 2a20 4665 6174 versions.* Feat\n-00000fe0: 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ures:: \n-00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2066 GRUB f\n-00001000: 6561 7475 7265 730a 2a20 526f 6c65 206f eatures.* Role o\n-00001010: 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 723a f a boot loader:\n-00001020: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 726f 6c65 : The role\n-00001030: 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 of a boot loade\n-00001040: 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e r....File: grub.\n-00001050: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 info, Node: Ove\n-00001060: 7276 6965 772c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4869 rview, Next: Hi\n-00001070: 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 story, Up: Intr\n-00001080: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3120 4f76 oduction..1.1 Ov\n-00001090: 6572 7669 6577 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d erview.=========\n-000010a0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7269 6566 6c79 2c20 6120 ===..Briefly, a \n-000010b0: e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 ...boot loader..\n-000010c0: 9d20 6973 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 . is the first s\n-000010d0: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 oftware program \n-000010e0: 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7768 656e 2061 that runs when a\n-000010f0: 0a63 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7374 6172 7473 .computer starts\n-00001100: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 . It is respons\n-00001110: 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 ible for loading\n-00001120: 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6665 7272 696e and transferrin\n-00001130: 6720 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f 2061 6e20 g control.to an \n-00001140: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00001150: 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c e280 9d20 736f ...kernel... so\n-00001160: 6674 7761 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 ftware (such as \n-00001170: 4c69 6e75 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d 6163 Linux or GNU Mac\n-00001180: 6829 2e0a 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 h)..The kernel, \n-00001190: 696e 2074 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 616c in turn, initial\n-000011a0: 697a 6573 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 izes the rest of\n-000011b0: 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 the operating s\n-000011c0: 7973 7465 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 474e ystem (e.g..a GN\n-000011d0: 5520 7379 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 U system)... G\n-000011e0: 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 6572 NU GRUB is a ver\n-000011f0: 7920 706f 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f 7420 y powerful boot \n-00001200: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 loader, which ca\n-00001210: 6e20 6c6f 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a 7661 n load a wide.va\n-00001220: 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 6f70 riety of free op\n-00001230: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c erating systems,\n-00001240: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 6f70 as well as prop\n-00001250: 7269 6574 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e rietary operatin\n-00001260: 670a 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 2063 g.systems with c\n-00001270: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 2920 hain-loading(1) \n-00001280: 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d (*note Overview-\n-00001290: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 Footnote-1::). \n-000012a0: 4752 5542 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e 6564 GRUB is.designed\n-000012b0: 2074 6f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6520 to address the \n-000012c0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 626f complexity of bo\n-000012d0: 6f74 696e 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e 616c oting a personal\n-000012e0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 680a computer; both.\n-000012f0: 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e 6420 the program and \n-00001300: 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 6520 this manual are \n-00001310: 7469 6768 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 746f tightly bound to\n-00001320: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2070 that computer p\n-00001330: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f 7567 latform,.althoug\n-00001340: 6820 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f 7468 h porting to oth\n-00001350: 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d 6179 er platforms may\n-00001360: 2062 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 696e be addressed in\n-00001370: 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 2020 the future... \n-00001380: 204f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 706f One of the impo\n-00001390: 7274 616e 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 2069 rtant features i\n-000013a0: 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 n GRUB is flexib\n-000013b0: 696c 6974 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e 6465 ility; GRUB.unde\n-000013c0: 7273 7461 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 rstands filesyst\n-000013d0: 656d 7320 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2065 ems and kernel e\n-000013e0: 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 xecutable format\n-000013f0: 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f s, so you can lo\n-00001400: 6164 0a61 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 ad.an arbitrary \n-00001410: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00001420: 2074 6865 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c 696b the way you lik\n-00001430: 652c 2077 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 6f72 e, without recor\n-00001440: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 6361 ding the.physica\n-00001450: 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 796f l position of yo\n-00001460: 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 6865 ur kernel on the\n-00001470: 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 6f75 disk. Thus you\n-00001480: 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 650a 6b65 can load the.ke\n-00001490: 726e 656c 206a 7573 7420 6279 2073 7065 rnel just by spe\n-000014a0: 6369 6679 696e 6720 6974 7320 6669 6c65 cifying its file\n-000014b0: 206e 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 6472 name and the dr\n-000014c0: 6976 6520 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f ive and partitio\n-000014d0: 6e0a 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e n.where the kern\n-000014e0: 656c 2072 6573 6964 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 el resides... \n-000014f0: 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 6974 When booting wit\n-00001500: 6820 4752 5542 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 h GRUB, you can \n-00001510: 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2063 6f6d use either a com\n-00001520: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n-00001530: 6163 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 ace.(*note Comma\n-00001540: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n-00001550: 653a 3a29 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 e::), or a menu \n-00001560: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 interface (*note\n-00001570: 204d 656e 750a 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a Menu.interface:\n-00001580: 3a29 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 :). Using the c\n-00001590: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n-000015a0: 7266 6163 652c 2079 6f75 2074 7970 6520 rface, you type \n-000015b0: 7468 6520 6472 6976 650a 7370 6563 6966 the drive.specif\n-000015c0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 ication and file\n-000015d0: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 name of the ker\n-000015e0: 6e65 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 2049 nel manually. I\n-000015f0: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 6572 n the menu.inter\n-00001600: 6661 6365 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 7374 2073 face, you just s\n-00001610: 656c 6563 7420 616e 204f 5320 7573 696e elect an OS usin\n-00001620: 6720 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 g the arrow keys\n-00001630: 2e20 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a62 . The menu is.b\n-00001640: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 ased on a config\n-00001650: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6869 uration file whi\n-00001660: 6368 2079 6f75 2070 7265 7061 7265 2062 ch you prepare b\n-00001670: 6566 6f72 6568 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 eforehand (*note\n-00001680: 0a43 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .Configuration::\n-00001690: 292e 2020 5768 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 ). While in the\n-000016a0: 206d 656e 752c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 menu, you can s\n-000016b0: 7769 7463 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d witch to the com\n-000016c0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 2c20 mand-line.mode, \n-000016d0: 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 2e20 and vice-versa. \n-000016e0: 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2065 7665 6e20 6564 You can even ed\n-000016f0: 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 it menu entries \n-00001700: 6265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 before using the\n-00001710: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f m... In the fo\n-00001720: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 llowing chapters\n-00001730: 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e , you will learn\n-00001740: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 how to specify \n-00001750: 6120 6472 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 a drive, a.parti\n-00001760: 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 tion, and a file\n-00001770: 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d name (*note Nam\n-00001780: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a ing convention::\n-00001790: 2920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 ) to GRUB, how t\n-000017a0: 6f0a 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f o.install GRUB o\n-000017b0: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e n your drive (*n\n-000017c0: 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e ote Installation\n-000017d0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 ::), and how to \n-000017e0: 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 boot your.OSes (\n-000017f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 *note Booting::)\n-00001800: 2c20 7374 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a , step by step..\n-00001810: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00001820: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 fo, Node: Overv\n-00001830: 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 iew-Footnotes, \n-00001840: 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 Up: Overview.. \n-00001850: 2028 3129 20e2 809c 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f (1) ...chain-lo\n-00001860: 6164 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 ad... is the mec\n-00001870: 6861 6e69 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 hanism for loadi\n-00001880: 6e67 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f ng unsupported o\n-00001890: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 perating.systems\n-000018a0: 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 by loading anot\n-000018b0: 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e her boot loader.\n-000018c0: 2020 4974 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c It is typicall\n-000018d0: 7920 7573 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 y used for.loadi\n-000018e0: 6e67 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 ng DOS or Window\n-000018f0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00001900: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 .info, Node: Hi\n-00001910: 7374 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 story, Next: Ch\n-00001920: 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 anges from GRUB \n-00001930: 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f Legacy, Prev: O\n-00001940: 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 5570 3a20 496e verview, Up: In\n-00001950: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 troduction..1.2 \n-00001960: 4869 7374 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 5255 420a History of GRUB.\n-00001970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001980: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 6967 696e ===..GRUB origin\n-00001990: 6174 6564 2069 6e20 3139 3935 2077 6865 ated in 1995 whe\n-000019a0: 6e20 4572 6963 6820 426f 6c65 796e 2077 n Erich Boleyn w\n-000019b0: 6173 2074 7279 696e 6720 746f 2062 6f6f as trying to boo\n-000019c0: 7420 7468 6520 474e 550a 4875 7264 2077 t the GNU.Hurd w\n-000019d0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 556e 6976 6572 7369 ith the Universi\n-000019e0: 7479 206f 6620 5574 6168 2773 204d 6163 ty of Utah's Mac\n-000019f0: 6820 3420 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 h 4 microkernel \n-00001a00: 286e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 474e (now known as GN\n-00001a10: 550a 4d61 6368 292e 2020 4572 6963 6820 U.Mach). Erich \n-00001a20: 616e 6420 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 2064 and Brian Ford d\n-00001a30: 6573 6967 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 esigned the Mult\n-00001a40: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n-00001a50: 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 ion (*note.Multi\n-00001a60: 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 boot Specificati\n-00001a70: 6f6e 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 on: (multiboot)T\n-00001a80: 6f70 2e29 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 op.), because th\n-00001a90: 6579 2077 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e ey were determin\n-00001aa0: 6564 0a6e 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f ed.not to add to\n-00001ab0: 2074 6865 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d 6265 the large numbe\n-00001ac0: 7220 6f66 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d 696e r of mutually-in\n-00001ad0: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 626f compatible PC bo\n-00001ae0: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 ot methods... \n-00001af0: 4572 6963 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 616e Erich then began\n-00001b00: 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2046 modifying the F\n-00001b10: 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 reeBSD boot load\n-00001b20: 6572 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f er so that it wo\n-00001b30: 756c 640a 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 204d uld.understand M\n-00001b40: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 736f ultiboot. He so\n-00001b50: 6f6e 2072 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 6174 on realized that\n-00001b60: 2069 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c it would be a l\n-00001b70: 6f74 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 7269 ot easier to.wri\n-00001b80: 7465 2068 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f 7420 te his own boot \n-00001b90: 6c6f 6164 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 7261 loader from scra\n-00001ba0: 7463 6820 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 tch than to keep\n-00001bb0: 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a working on the.\n-00001bc0: 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 FreeBSD boot loa\n-00001bd0: 6465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 5542 der, and so GRUB\n-00001be0: 2077 6173 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 was born... E\n-00001bf0: 7269 6368 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e 7920 rich added many \n-00001c00: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 features to GRUB\n-00001c10: 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 696f , but other prio\n-00001c20: 7269 7469 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 6564 rities prevented\n-00001c30: 2068 696d 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 696e him.from keepin\n-00001c40: 6720 7570 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6465 g up with the de\n-00001c50: 6d61 6e64 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 7569 mands of its qui\n-00001c60: 636b 6c79 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 2075 ckly-expanding u\n-00001c70: 7365 7220 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 ser base. In.19\n-00001c80: 3939 2c20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 99, Gordon Matzi\n-00001c90: 676b 6569 7420 616e 6420 596f 7368 696e gkeit and Yoshin\n-00001ca0: 6f72 6920 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 646f ori K. Okuji ado\n-00001cb0: 7074 6564 2047 5255 4220 6173 2061 6e0a pted GRUB as an.\n-00001cc0: 6f66 6669 6369 616c 2047 4e55 2070 6163 official GNU pac\n-00001cd0: 6b61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 656e 6564 kage, and opened\n-00001ce0: 2069 7473 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 its development\n-00001cf0: 2062 7920 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 206c by making the l\n-00001d00: 6174 6573 740a 736f 7572 6365 7320 6176 atest.sources av\n-00001d10: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6120 616e 6f6e ailable via anon\n-00001d20: 796d 6f75 7320 4356 532e 202a 4e6f 7465 ymous CVS. *Note\n-00001d30: 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 Obtaining and B\n-00001d40: 7569 6c64 696e 670a 4752 5542 3a3a 2c20 uilding.GRUB::, \n-00001d50: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more informa\n-00001d60: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 2074 tion... 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Around 2002,\n-00001e90: 2059 6f73 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 2e20 4f6b Yoshinori K. Ok\n-00001ea0: 756a 6920 7374 6172 7465 6420 776f 726b uji started work\n-00001eb0: 206f 6e20 5055 5041 0a28 5072 656c 696d on PUPA.(Prelim\n-00001ec0: 696e 6172 7920 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c20 inary Universal \n-00001ed0: 5072 6f67 7261 6d6d 696e 6720 4172 6368 Programming Arch\n-00001ee0: 6974 6563 7475 7265 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 itecture for GNU\n-00001ef0: 2047 5255 4229 2c20 6169 6d69 6e67 2074 GRUB), aiming t\n-00001f00: 6f0a 7265 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 636f o.rewrite the co\n-00001f10: 7265 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6d61 re of GRUB to ma\n-00001f20: 6b65 2069 7420 636c 6561 6e65 722c 2073 ke it cleaner, s\n-00001f30: 6166 6572 2c20 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 afer, more robus\n-00001f40: 742c 2061 6e64 0a6d 6f72 6520 706f 7765 t, and.more powe\n-00001f50: 7266 756c 2e20 2050 5550 4120 7761 7320 rful. 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Smal\n-00001fc0: 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 7320 6f66 0a6d 6169 l amounts of.mai\n-00001fd0: 6e74 656e 616e 6365 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 ntenance continu\n-00001fe0: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6f6e ed to be done on\n-00001ff0: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 6275 GRUB Legacy, bu\n-00002000: 7420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2072 656c 6561 t the last relea\n-00002010: 7365 0a28 302e 3937 2920 7761 7320 6d61 se.(0.97) was ma\n-00002020: 6465 2069 6e20 3230 3035 2061 6e64 2061 de in 2005 and a\n-00002030: 7420 7468 6520 7469 6d65 206f 6620 7772 t the time of wr\n-00002040: 6974 696e 6720 6974 2073 6565 6d73 2075 iting it seems u\n-00002050: 6e6c 696b 656c 790a 7468 6174 2074 6865 nlikely.that the\n-00002060: 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6e6f 7468 re will be anoth\n-00002070: 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 4279 2061 726f 756e er... By aroun\n-00002080: 6420 3230 3037 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 d 2007, GNU/Linu\n-00002090: 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 7320 x distributions \n-000020a0: 7374 6172 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2047 started to use G\n-000020b0: 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 RUB 2 to.limited\n-000020c0: 2065 7874 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 6279 extents, and by\n-000020d0: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 3230 3039 the end of 2009\n-000020e0: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 7220 multiple major \n-000020f0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 730a 7765 distributions.we\n-00002100: 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 6974 re installing it\n-00002110: 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a by default.....\n-00002120: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00002130: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 Node: Changes \n-00002140: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 from GRUB Legacy\n-00002150: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 6561 7475 7265 , Next: Feature\n-00002160: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 s, Prev: Histor\n-00002170: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 y, Up: Introduc\n-00002180: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 6666 6572 tion..1.3 Differ\n-00002190: 656e 6365 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 ences from previ\n-000021a0: 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d 3d3d ous versions.===\n-000021b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f to\n+00000860: 6f6c 730a 2a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 ols.* Installati\n+00000870: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 on:: \n+00000880: 2020 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 Installing G\n+00000890: 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 RUB on your driv\n+000008a0: 650a 2a20 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 e.* Booting:: \n+000008b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000008c0: 2020 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6469 How to boot di\n+000008d0: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e fferent operatin\n+000008e0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 730a 2a20 436f 6e66 g systems.* Conf\n+000008f0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 iguration:: \n+00000900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 6974 696e Writin\n+00000910: 6720 796f 7572 206f 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 g your own confi\n+00000920: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 guration file.* \n+00000930: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n+00000940: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f t:: Fo\n+00000950: 726d 6174 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6865 rmat of GRUB the\n+00000960: 6d65 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 204e 6574 776f me files.* Netwo\n+00000970: 726b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rk:: \n+00000980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e6c 6f61 Downloa\n+00000990: 6469 6e67 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 ding OS images f\n+000009a0: 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a20 rom a network.* \n+000009b0: 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3a Serial terminal:\n+000009c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 : Us\n+000009d0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2076 6961 2061 2073 ing GRUB via a s\n+000009e0: 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2056 656e erial line.* Ven\n+000009f0: 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 dor power-on key\n+00000a00: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 s:: Chang\n+00000a10: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2062 6568 6176 696f ing GRUB behavio\n+00000a20: 7572 206f 6e20 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 ur on vendor pow\n+00000a30: 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a 2049 6d61 er-on keys.* Ima\n+00000a40: 6765 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ges:: \n+00000a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 GRUB \n+00000a60: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 436f image files.* Co\n+00000a70: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 re image size li\n+00000a80: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 4752 5542 mitation:: GRUB\n+00000a90: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 2073 697a image files siz\n+00000aa0: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 e limitations.* \n+00000ab0: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2020 2020 Filesystem:: \n+00000ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 Fi\n+00000ad0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e 7461 7820 lesystem syntax \n+00000ae0: 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 730a 2a20 and semantics.* \n+00000af0: 496e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a20 2020 2020 Interface:: \n+00000b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n+00000b10: 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2063 e menu and the c\n+00000b20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 2a20 456e ommand-line.* En\n+00000b30: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 vironment:: \n+00000b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 GRUB\n+00000b50: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00000b60: 6961 626c 6573 0a2a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 iables.* Modules\n+00000b70: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00000b80: 2020 2020 2020 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 Available\n+00000b90: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 modules.* Comma\n+00000ba0: 6e64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nds:: \n+00000bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 7661 696c 6162 Availab\n+00000bc0: 6c65 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 le builtin comma\n+00000bd0: 6e64 730a 2a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f nds.* Internatio\n+00000be0: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 nalisation:: \n+00000bf0: 2020 2020 546f 7069 6373 2072 656c 6174 Topics relat\n+00000c00: 696e 6720 746f 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 ing to language \n+00000c10: 7375 7070 6f72 740a 2a20 5365 6375 7269 support.* Securi\n+00000c20: 7479 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ty:: \n+00000c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4175 7468 656e 7469 Authenti\n+00000c40: 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6175 7468 6f72 6973 cation, authoris\n+00000c50: 6174 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 6967 6e61 ation, and signa\n+00000c60: 7475 7265 730a 2a20 506c 6174 666f 726d tures.* Platform\n+00000c70: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a 2020 limitations:: \n+00000c80: 2020 2020 2020 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 Platform-s\n+00000c90: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 pecific limitati\n+00000ca0: 6f6e 730a 2a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 ons.* Platform-s\n+00000cb0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f pecific operatio\n+00000cc0: 6e73 3a3a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 ns:: Platform-sp\n+00000cd0: 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ecific operation\n+00000ce0: 730a 2a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 s.* Supported ke\n+00000cf0: 726e 656c 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rnels:: \n+00000d00: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e Supported kern\n+00000d10: 656c 730a 2a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f els.* Troublesho\n+00000d20: 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 oting:: \n+00000d30: 2020 2020 4572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 Error messag\n+00000d40: 6573 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 es produced by G\n+00000d50: 5255 420a 2a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 RUB.* User-space\n+00000d60: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 utilities:: \n+00000d70: 2020 2020 5573 6167 6520 6f66 2075 7365 Usage of use\n+00000d80: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n+00000d90: 730a 2a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e s.* Obtaining an\n+00000da0: 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 423a d Building GRUB:\n+00000db0: 3a20 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 : How to obtain \n+00000dc0: 616e 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a and build GRUB.*\n+00000dd0: 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 733a Reporting bugs:\n+00000de0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 : W\n+00000df0: 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 here you should \n+00000e00: 7365 6e64 2061 2062 7567 2072 6570 6f72 send a bug repor\n+00000e10: 740a 2a20 4675 7475 7265 3a3a 2020 2020 t.* Future:: \n+00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000e30: 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 7572 6520 706c Some future pl\n+00000e40: 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 436f ans on GRUB.* Co\n+00000e50: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n+00000e60: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7079 l:: Copy\n+00000e70: 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a ing This Manual.\n+00000e80: 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c * Index::....Fil\n+00000e90: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00000ea0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f ode: Introductio\n+00000eb0: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 n, Next: Naming\n+00000ec0: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 convention, Pr\n+00000ed0: 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ev: Top, Up: To\n+00000ee0: 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f p..1 Introductio\n+00000ef0: 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n to GRUB.******\n+00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00000f10: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204f 7665 ..* Menu:..* Ove\n+00000f20: 7276 6965 773a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rview:: \n+00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6861 7420 What \n+00000f40: 6578 6163 746c 7920 4752 5542 2069 7320 exactly GRUB is \n+00000f50: 616e 6420 686f 7720 746f 2075 7365 2069 and how to use i\n+00000f60: 740a 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a20 2020 t.* History:: \n+00000f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000f80: 2020 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 676f 7420 746f From maggot to\n+00000f90: 2068 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a 2043 6861 house fly.* Cha\n+00000fa0: 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c nges from GRUB L\n+00000fb0: 6567 6163 793a 3a20 2020 2044 6966 6665 egacy:: Diffe\n+00000fc0: 7265 6e63 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7072 6576 rences from prev\n+00000fd0: 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 730a 2a20 ious versions.* \n+00000fe0: 4665 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 Features:: \n+00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 GR\n+00001000: 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 2a20 526f UB features.* Ro\n+00001010: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 le of a boot loa\n+00001020: 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 der:: The \n+00001030: 726f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c role of a boot l\n+00001040: 6f61 6465 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 oader....File: g\n+00001050: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00001060: 204f 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 4e65 7874 Overview, Next\n+00001070: 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 : History, Up: \n+00001080: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e Introduction..1.\n+00001090: 3120 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 1 Overview.=====\n+000010a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7269 6566 6c79 =======..Briefly\n+000010b0: 2c20 6120 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 , a ...boot load\n+000010c0: 6572 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 2066 6972 er... is the fir\n+000010d0: 7374 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7072 6f67 st software prog\n+000010e0: 7261 6d20 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7768 ram that runs wh\n+000010f0: 656e 2061 0a63 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7374 en a.computer st\n+00001100: 6172 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6573 arts. It is res\n+00001110: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 ponsible for loa\n+00001120: 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6665 ding and transfe\n+00001130: 7272 696e 6720 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f rring control.to\n+00001140: 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 an operating sy\n+00001150: 7374 656d 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c e280 stem ...kernel..\n+00001160: 9d20 736f 6674 7761 7265 2028 7375 6368 . software (such\n+00001170: 2061 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 as Linux or GNU\n+00001180: 204d 6163 6829 2e0a 5468 6520 6b65 726e Mach)..The kern\n+00001190: 656c 2c20 696e 2074 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 el, in turn, ini\n+000011a0: 7469 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2072 6573 tializes the res\n+000011b0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 t of the operati\n+000011c0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a ng system (e.g..\n+000011d0: 6120 474e 5520 7379 7374 656d 292e 0a0a a GNU system)...\n+000011e0: 2020 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 GNU GRUB is a\n+000011f0: 2076 6572 7920 706f 7765 7266 756c 2062 very powerful b\n+00001200: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7768 6963 oot loader, whic\n+00001210: 6820 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 2061 2077 6964 h can load a wid\n+00001220: 650a 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2066 7265 e.variety of fre\n+00001230: 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 e operating syst\n+00001240: 656d 732c 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 ems, as well as \n+00001250: 7072 6f70 7269 6574 6172 7920 6f70 6572 proprietary oper\n+00001260: 6174 696e 670a 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 ating.systems wi\n+00001270: 7468 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 th chain-loading\n+00001280: 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 7665 7276 (1) (*note Overv\n+00001290: 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a iew-Footnote-1::\n+000012a0: 292e 2020 4752 5542 2069 730a 6465 7369 ). GRUB is.desi\n+000012b0: 676e 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 gned to address \n+000012c0: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7869 7479 206f the complexity o\n+000012d0: 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6120 7065 7273 f booting a pers\n+000012e0: 6f6e 616c 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 723b 2062 onal computer; b\n+000012f0: 6f74 680a 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 oth.the program \n+00001300: 616e 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 and this manual \n+00001310: 6172 6520 7469 6768 746c 7920 626f 756e are tightly boun\n+00001320: 6420 746f 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d70 7574 d to that comput\n+00001330: 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 er platform,.alt\n+00001340: 686f 7567 6820 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f hough porting to\n+00001350: 206f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 other platforms\n+00001360: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 may be addresse\n+00001370: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e d in the future.\n+00001380: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 .. One of the \n+00001390: 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 6665 6174 7572 important featur\n+000013a0: 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c es in GRUB is fl\n+000013b0: 6578 6962 696c 6974 793b 2047 5255 420a exibility; GRUB.\n+000013c0: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 understands file\n+000013d0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 616e 6420 6b65 726e systems and kern\n+000013e0: 656c 2065 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f el executable fo\n+000013f0: 726d 6174 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 rmats, so you ca\n+00001400: 6e20 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e20 6172 6269 7472 n load.an arbitr\n+00001410: 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 ary operating sy\n+00001420: 7374 656d 2074 6865 2077 6179 2079 6f75 stem the way you\n+00001430: 206c 696b 652c 2077 6974 686f 7574 2072 like, without r\n+00001440: 6563 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a70 6879 ecording the.phy\n+00001450: 7369 6361 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 206f sical position o\n+00001460: 6620 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e f your kernel on\n+00001470: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 the disk. Thus\n+00001480: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 you can load th\n+00001490: 650a 6b65 726e 656c 206a 7573 7420 6279 e.kernel just by\n+000014a0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6974 7320 specifying its \n+000014b0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 file name and th\n+000014c0: 6520 6472 6976 6520 616e 6420 7061 7274 e drive and part\n+000014d0: 6974 696f 6e0a 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 ition.where the \n+000014e0: 6b65 726e 656c 2072 6573 6964 6573 2e0a kernel resides..\n+000014f0: 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 . When booting\n+00001500: 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 796f 7520 with GRUB, you \n+00001510: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 can use either a\n+00001520: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e command-line in\n+00001530: 7465 7266 6163 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 terface.(*note C\n+00001540: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n+00001550: 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2c20 6f72 2061 206d rface::), or a m\n+00001560: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 282a enu interface (*\n+00001570: 6e6f 7465 204d 656e 750a 696e 7465 7266 note Menu.interf\n+00001580: 6163 653a 3a29 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 2074 ace::). Using t\n+00001590: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 he command-line \n+000015a0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2079 6f75 2074 interface, you t\n+000015b0: 7970 6520 7468 6520 6472 6976 650a 7370 ype the drive.sp\n+000015c0: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 ecification and \n+000015d0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 file name of the\n+000015e0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 kernel manually\n+000015f0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 . In the menu.i\n+00001600: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 nterface, you ju\n+00001610: 7374 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 204f 5320 st select an OS \n+00001620: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 using the arrow \n+00001630: 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 keys. The menu \n+00001640: 6973 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6120 636f is.based on a co\n+00001650: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00001660: 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2070 7265 7061 which you prepa\n+00001670: 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6568 616e 6420 282a re beforehand (*\n+00001680: 6e6f 7465 0a43 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 note.Configurati\n+00001690: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 696c 6520 696e on::). While in\n+000016a0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2079 6f75 2063 the menu, you c\n+000016b0: 616e 2073 7769 7463 6820 746f 2074 6865 an switch to the\n+000016c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f command-line.mo\n+000016d0: 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 de, and vice-ver\n+000016e0: 7361 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2065 7665 sa. You can eve\n+000016f0: 6e20 6564 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 n edit menu entr\n+00001700: 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 ies before using\n+00001710: 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 7468 them... In th\n+00001720: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6170 e following chap\n+00001730: 7465 7273 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c ters, you will l\n+00001740: 6561 726e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 earn how to spec\n+00001750: 6966 7920 6120 6472 6976 652c 2061 0a70 ify a drive, a.p\n+00001760: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 6120 artition, and a \n+00001770: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 file name (*note\n+00001780: 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 Naming conventi\n+00001790: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2068 on::) to GRUB, h\n+000017a0: 6f77 2074 6f0a 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 ow to.install GR\n+000017b0: 5542 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 UB on your drive\n+000017c0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c61 (*note Installa\n+000017d0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 tion::), and how\n+000017e0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 to boot your.OS\n+000017f0: 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 696e es (*note Bootin\n+00001800: 673a 3a29 2c20 7374 6570 2062 7920 7374 g::), step by st\n+00001810: 6570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ep.....File: gru\n+00001820: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f b.info, Node: O\n+00001830: 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 verview-Footnote\n+00001840: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 s, Up: Overview\n+00001850: 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 20e2 809c 6368 6169 .. (1) ...chai\n+00001860: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 n-load... is the\n+00001870: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2066 6f72 206c mechanism for l\n+00001880: 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 oading unsupport\n+00001890: 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 ed operating.sys\n+000018a0: 7465 6d73 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 tems by loading \n+000018b0: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 another boot loa\n+000018c0: 6465 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7479 7069 der. It is typi\n+000018d0: 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c cally used for.l\n+000018e0: 6f61 6469 6e67 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 oading DOS or Wi\n+000018f0: 6e64 6f77 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ndows.....File: \n+00001900: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00001910: 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 : History, Next\n+00001920: 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 : Changes from G\n+00001930: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 2050 7265 RUB Legacy, Pre\n+00001940: 763a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 5570 v: Overview, Up\n+00001950: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a : Introduction..\n+00001960: 312e 3220 4869 7374 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 1.2 History of G\n+00001970: 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d RUB.============\n+00001980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 =======..GRUB or\n+00001990: 6967 696e 6174 6564 2069 6e20 3139 3935 iginated in 1995\n+000019a0: 2077 6865 6e20 4572 6963 6820 426f 6c65 when Erich Bole\n+000019b0: 796e 2077 6173 2074 7279 696e 6720 746f yn was trying to\n+000019c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 474e 550a 4875 boot the GNU.Hu\n+000019d0: 7264 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 556e 6976 rd with the Univ\n+000019e0: 6572 7369 7479 206f 6620 5574 6168 2773 ersity of Utah's\n+000019f0: 204d 6163 6820 3420 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 Mach 4 microker\n+00001a00: 6e65 6c20 286e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 nel (now known a\n+00001a10: 7320 474e 550a 4d61 6368 292e 2020 4572 s GNU.Mach). Er\n+00001a20: 6963 6820 616e 6420 4272 6961 6e20 466f ich and Brian Fo\n+00001a30: 7264 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 7468 6520 rd designed the \n+00001a40: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n+00001a50: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d ication (*note.M\n+00001a60: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 ultiboot Specifi\n+00001a70: 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f cation: (multibo\n+00001a80: 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 2c20 6265 6361 7573 ot)Top.), becaus\n+00001a90: 6520 7468 6579 2077 6572 6520 6465 7465 e they were dete\n+00001aa0: 726d 696e 6564 0a6e 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 rmined.not to ad\n+00001ab0: 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c 6172 6765 206e d to the large n\n+00001ac0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 206d 7574 7561 6c6c umber of mutuall\n+00001ad0: 792d 696e 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2050 y-incompatible P\n+00001ae0: 4320 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2e0a C boot methods..\n+00001af0: 0a20 2020 4572 6963 6820 7468 656e 2062 . Erich then b\n+00001b00: 6567 616e 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 2074 egan modifying t\n+00001b10: 6865 2046 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 he FreeBSD boot \n+00001b20: 6c6f 6164 6572 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 loader so that i\n+00001b30: 7420 776f 756c 640a 756e 6465 7273 7461 t would.understa\n+00001b40: 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 nd Multiboot. H\n+00001b50: 6520 736f 6f6e 2072 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 e soon realized \n+00001b60: 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 that it would be\n+00001b70: 2061 206c 6f74 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f a lot easier to\n+00001b80: 0a77 7269 7465 2068 6973 206f 776e 2062 .write his own b\n+00001b90: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2066 726f 6d20 oot loader from \n+00001ba0: 7363 7261 7463 6820 7468 616e 2074 6f20 scratch than to \n+00001bb0: 6b65 6570 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 keep working on \n+00001bc0: 7468 650a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 the.FreeBSD boot\n+00001bd0: 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 loader, and so \n+00001be0: 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a GRUB was born...\n+00001bf0: 2020 2045 7269 6368 2061 6464 6564 206d Erich added m\n+00001c00: 616e 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 6f20 any features to \n+00001c10: 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 6865 7220 GRUB, but other \n+00001c20: 7072 696f 7269 7469 6573 2070 7265 7665 priorities preve\n+00001c30: 6e74 6564 2068 696d 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 nted him.from ke\n+00001c40: 6570 696e 6720 7570 2077 6974 6820 7468 eping up with th\n+00001c50: 6520 6465 6d61 6e64 7320 6f66 2069 7473 e demands of its\n+00001c60: 2071 7569 636b 6c79 2d65 7870 616e 6469 quickly-expandi\n+00001c70: 6e67 2075 7365 7220 6261 7365 2e20 2049 ng user base. I\n+00001c80: 6e0a 3139 3939 2c20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d n.1999, Gordon M\n+00001c90: 6174 7a69 676b 6569 7420 616e 6420 596f atzigkeit and Yo\n+00001ca0: 7368 696e 6f72 6920 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 shinori K. Okuji\n+00001cb0: 2061 646f 7074 6564 2047 5255 4220 6173 adopted GRUB as\n+00001cc0: 2061 6e0a 6f66 6669 6369 616c 2047 4e55 an.official GNU\n+00001cd0: 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 package, and op\n+00001ce0: 656e 6564 2069 7473 2064 6576 656c 6f70 ened its develop\n+00001cf0: 6d65 6e74 2062 7920 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 ment by making t\n+00001d00: 6865 206c 6174 6573 740a 736f 7572 6365 he latest.source\n+00001d10: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6120 s available via \n+00001d20: 616e 6f6e 796d 6f75 7320 4356 532e 202a anonymous CVS. *\n+00001d30: 4e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 Note Obtaining a\n+00001d40: 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 670a 4752 5542 nd Building.GRUB\n+00001d50: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 ::, for more inf\n+00001d60: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 ormation... Ov\n+00001d70: 6572 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6665 7720 er the next few \n+00001d80: 7965 6172 732c 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 years, GRUB was \n+00001d90: 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 6d65 6574 extended to meet\n+00001da0: 206d 616e 7920 6e65 6564 732c 2062 7574 many needs, but\n+00001db0: 2069 740a 7175 6963 6b6c 7920 6265 6361 it.quickly beca\n+00001dc0: 6d65 2063 6c65 6172 2074 6861 7420 6974 me clear that it\n+00001dd0: 7320 6465 7369 676e 2077 6173 206e 6f74 s design was not\n+00001de0: 206b 6565 7069 6e67 2075 7020 7769 7468 keeping up with\n+00001df0: 2074 6865 0a65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 the.extensions \n+00001e00: 6265 696e 6720 6d61 6465 2074 6f20 6974 being made to it\n+00001e10: 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2072 6561 6368 6564 , and we reached\n+00001e20: 2074 6865 2070 6f69 6e74 2077 6865 7265 the point where\n+00001e30: 2069 7420 7761 7320 7665 7279 0a64 6966 it was very.dif\n+00001e40: 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 ficult to make a\n+00001e50: 6e79 2066 7572 7468 6572 2063 6861 6e67 ny further chang\n+00001e60: 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2062 7265 616b es without break\n+00001e70: 696e 6720 6578 6973 7469 6e67 0a66 6561 ing existing.fea\n+00001e80: 7475 7265 732e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 2032 tures. Around 2\n+00001e90: 3030 322c 2059 6f73 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 002, Yoshinori K\n+00001ea0: 2e20 4f6b 756a 6920 7374 6172 7465 6420 . Okuji started \n+00001eb0: 776f 726b 206f 6e20 5055 5041 0a28 5072 work on PUPA.(Pr\n+00001ec0: 656c 696d 696e 6172 7920 556e 6976 6572 eliminary Univer\n+00001ed0: 7361 6c20 5072 6f67 7261 6d6d 696e 6720 sal Programming \n+00001ee0: 4172 6368 6974 6563 7475 7265 2066 6f72 Architecture for\n+00001ef0: 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4229 2c20 6169 6d69 GNU GRUB), aimi\n+00001f00: 6e67 2074 6f0a 7265 7772 6974 6520 7468 ng to.rewrite th\n+00001f10: 6520 636f 7265 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 e core of GRUB t\n+00001f20: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 636c 6561 6e65 o make it cleane\n+00001f30: 722c 2073 6166 6572 2c20 6d6f 7265 2072 r, safer, more r\n+00001f40: 6f62 7573 742c 2061 6e64 0a6d 6f72 6520 obust, and.more \n+00001f50: 706f 7765 7266 756c 2e20 2050 5550 4120 powerful. PUPA \n+00001f60: 7761 7320 6576 656e 7475 616c 6c79 2072 was eventually r\n+00001f70: 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2032 enamed to GRUB 2\n+00001f80: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e , and the origin\n+00001f90: 616c 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 al.version of GR\n+00001fa0: 5542 2077 6173 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 UB was renamed t\n+00001fb0: 6f20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 2020 o GRUB Legacy. \n+00001fc0: 536d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 7320 6f66 Small amounts of\n+00001fd0: 0a6d 6169 6e74 656e 616e 6365 2063 6f6e .maintenance con\n+00001fe0: 7469 6e75 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6f6e tinued to be don\n+00001ff0: 6520 6f6e 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 e on GRUB Legacy\n+00002000: 2c20 6275 7420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2072 , but the last r\n+00002010: 656c 6561 7365 0a28 302e 3937 2920 7761 elease.(0.97) wa\n+00002020: 7320 6d61 6465 2069 6e20 3230 3035 2061 s made in 2005 a\n+00002030: 6e64 2061 7420 7468 6520 7469 6d65 206f nd at the time o\n+00002040: 6620 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2073 6565 f writing it see\n+00002050: 6d73 2075 6e6c 696b 656c 790a 7468 6174 ms unlikely.that\n+00002060: 2074 6865 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 there will be a\n+00002070: 6e6f 7468 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 4279 2061 nother... By a\n+00002080: 726f 756e 6420 3230 3037 2c20 474e 552f round 2007, GNU/\n+00002090: 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 Linux distributi\n+000020a0: 6f6e 7320 7374 6172 7465 6420 746f 2075 ons started to u\n+000020b0: 7365 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a6c 696d se GRUB 2 to.lim\n+000020c0: 6974 6564 2065 7874 656e 7473 2c20 616e ited extents, an\n+000020d0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 d by the end of \n+000020e0: 3230 3039 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d61 2009 multiple ma\n+000020f0: 6a6f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e jor distribution\n+00002100: 730a 7765 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e s.were installin\n+00002110: 6720 6974 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e g it by default.\n+00002120: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00002130: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 616e nfo, Node: Chan\n+00002140: 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 ges from GRUB Le\n+00002150: 6761 6379 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 6561 gacy, Next: Fea\n+00002160: 7475 7265 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4869 tures, Prev: Hi\n+00002170: 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 story, Up: Intr\n+00002180: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 oduction..1.3 Di\n+00002190: 6666 6572 656e 6365 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 fferences from p\n+000021a0: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e73 revious versions\n+000021b0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 000021c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000021d0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 ===..GRUB 2 is a\n-000021e0: 2072 6577 7269 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 rewrite of GRUB\n-000021f0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a (*note History:\n-00002200: 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 :), although it \n-00002210: 7368 6172 6573 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 shares many.char\n-00002220: 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 acteristics with\n-00002230: 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 the previous ve\n-00002240: 7273 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e rsion, now known\n-00002250: 2061 7320 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e as GRUB Legacy.\n-00002260: 0a55 7365 7273 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c .Users of GRUB L\n-00002270: 6567 6163 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 egacy may need s\n-00002280: 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 ome guidance to \n-00002290: 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 find their way a\n-000022a0: 726f 756e 640a 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 round.this new v\n-000022b0: 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ersion... ... \n-000022c0: 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f The configuratio\n-000022d0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 6173 2061 206e 6577 n file has a new\n-000022e0: 206e 616d 6520 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 name (...grub.c\n-000022f0: 6667 e280 9920 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 fg... rather tha\n-00002300: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 2e6c n. ...menu.l\n-00002310: 7374 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 st... or ...grub\n-00002320: 2e63 6f6e 66e2 8099 292c 206e 6577 2073 .conf...), new s\n-00002330: 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e yntax (*note Con\n-00002340: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e figuration::) an\n-00002350: 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 d. many new \n-00002360: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 commands (*note \n-00002370: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f Commands::). Co\n-00002380: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e nfiguration cann\n-00002390: 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 ot be. copie\n-000023a0: 6420 6f76 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c d over directly,\n-000023b0: 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 although most G\n-000023c0: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 RUB Legacy users\n-000023d0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 should not. \n-000023e0: 2066 696e 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 find the syntax\n-000023f0: 2074 6f6f 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e too surprising.\n-00002400: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6772 7562 .. ... ...grub\n-00002410: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6973 2074 7970 6963 .cfg... is typic\n-00002420: 616c 6c79 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c ally automatical\n-00002430: 6c79 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2062 7920 ly generated by \n-00002440: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-00002450: e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... (*note \n-00002460: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n-00002470: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 206d tion::). This m\n-00002480: 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 akes it easier t\n-00002490: 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7665 o handle. ve\n-000024a0: 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2075 rsioned kernel u\n-000024b0: 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 pgrades... ...\n-000024c0: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 Partition numbe\n-000024d0: 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 rs in GRUB devic\n-000024e0: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 6172 e names now star\n-000024f0: 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 282a t at 1, not 0 (*\n-00002500: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 6e67 note. Naming\n-00002510: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a convention::)..\n-00002520: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 . ... The conf\n-00002530: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n-00002540: 7320 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e s now written in\n-00002550: 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 2063 6c6f 7365 something close\n-00002560: 7220 746f 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 r to a full. \n-00002570: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 scripting langu\n-00002580: 6167 653a 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 age: variables, \n-00002590: 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 6c73 2c20 616e conditionals, an\n-000025a0: 6420 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 d loops are. \n-000025b0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 available... \n-000025c0: e280 a220 4120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 ... A small amou\n-000025d0: 6e74 206f 6620 7065 7273 6973 7465 6e74 nt of persistent\n-000025e0: 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6176 6169 storage is avai\n-000025f0: 6c61 626c 6520 6163 726f 7373 2072 6562 lable across reb\n-00002600: 6f6f 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 oots,. using\n-00002610: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 the ...save_env\n-00002620: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986c 6f61 645f ... and ...load_\n-00002630: 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 env... commands \n-00002640: 696e 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 7468 650a in GRUB and the.\n-00002650: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d65 6469 ...grub-edi\n-00002660: 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 696c 6974 792e tenv... utility.\n-00002670: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 This is not av\n-00002680: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 6c6c 0a20 ailable in all. \n-00002690: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f configuratio\n-000026a0: 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f ns (*note Enviro\n-000026b0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a nment block::)..\n-000026c0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2068 . ... GRUB 2 h\n-000026d0: 6173 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 as more reliable\n-000026e0: 2077 6179 7320 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 ways to find it\n-000026f0: 7320 6f77 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 s own files and \n-00002700: 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7461 those of. ta\n-00002710: 7267 6574 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206f 6e20 rget kernels on \n-00002720: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 multiple-disk sy\n-00002730: 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2063 stems, and has c\n-00002740: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 ommands (*note. \n-00002750: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 746f search::) to\n-00002760: 2066 696e 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 find devices us\n-00002770: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 ing file system \n-00002780: 6c61 6265 6c73 206f 7220 556e 6976 6572 labels or Univer\n-00002790: 7361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7175 sally. 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G\n-000027c0: 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 RUB 2 is availab\n-000027d0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f le for several o\n-000027e0: 7468 6572 2074 7970 6573 206f 6620 7379 ther types of sy\n-000027f0: 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e stem in addition\n-00002800: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 2050 4320 . to the PC \n-00002810: 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2073 7570 BIOS systems sup\n-00002820: 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 204c ported by GRUB L\n-00002830: 6567 6163 793a 2050 4320 4546 492c 2050 egacy: PC EFI, P\n-00002840: 430a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c C. coreboot,\n-00002850: 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 5350 4152 432c PowerPC, SPARC,\n-00002860: 2061 6e64 204d 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f 7465 and MIPS Lemote\n-00002870: 2059 6565 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 616c Yeeloong are al\n-00002880: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 l. supported\n-00002890: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4d61 6e79 206d ... ... Many m\n-000028a0: 6f72 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 ore file systems\n-000028b0: 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 are supported, \n-000028c0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f including but no\n-000028d0: 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 t limited to. \n-000028e0: 2020 6578 7434 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e ext4, HFS+, an\n-000028f0: 6420 4e54 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 d NTFS... ... \n-00002900: 4752 5542 2032 2063 616e 2072 6561 6420 GRUB 2 can read \n-00002910: 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 files directly f\n-00002920: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 616e 6420 5241 4944 rom LVM and RAID\n-00002930: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 devices... ..\n-00002940: a220 4120 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 . A graphical te\n-00002950: 726d 696e 616c 2061 6e64 2061 2067 7261 rminal and a gra\n-00002960: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7379 7374 phical menu syst\n-00002970: 656d 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 em are available\n-00002980: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 ... ... GRUB 2\n-00002990: 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2063 616e 's interface can\n-000029a0: 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2c20 be translated, \n-000029b0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 2065 including menu e\n-000029c0: 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 ntry names... \n-000029d0: e280 a220 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 ... The image fi\n-000029e0: 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 6765 les (*note Image\n-000029f0: 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 s::) that make u\n-00002a00: 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e p GRUB have been\n-00002a10: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 7365 . reorganise\n-00002a20: 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 2c20 5374 6167 d; Stage 1, Stag\n-00002a30: 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 2053 7461 6765 e 1.5, and Stage\n-00002a40: 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 2e0a 2 are no more..\n-00002a50: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2070 . ... GRUB 2 p\n-00002a60: 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 696c 6974 uts many facilit\n-00002a70: 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c ies in dynamical\n-00002a80: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 ly loaded module\n-00002a90: 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 2020 2020 s, allowing. \n-00002aa0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n-00002ab0: 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 722c 2061 to be smaller, a\n-00002ac0: 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 6520 nd allowing the \n-00002ad0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 core image to be\n-00002ae0: 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 696e 206d . built in m\n-00002af0: 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 ore flexible way\n-00002b00: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00002b10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 .info, Node: Fe\n-00002b20: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 atures, Next: R\n-00002b30: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n-00002b40: 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6861 ader, Prev: Cha\n-00002b50: 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c nges from GRUB L\n-00002b60: 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 egacy, Up: Intr\n-00002b70: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 4752 oduction..1.4 GR\n-00002b80: 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 3d3d 3d3d UB features.====\n-00002b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-00002ba0: 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 6571 7569 he primary requi\n-00002bb0: 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 5255 4220 rement for GRUB \n-00002bc0: 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 6520 636f is that it be co\n-00002bd0: 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 mpliant with the\n-00002be0: 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 ....Multiboot Sp\n-00002bf0: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6ee2 809d 2c20 ecification..., \n-00002c00: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 which is describ\n-00002c10: 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 ed in *note Mult\n-00002c20: 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot.Specificat\n-00002c30: 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 ion: (multiboot)\n-00002c40: 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 Top... 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(including\n-00003980: 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 292c 20e2 compression), .\n-00003990: 809c 5265 6973 6572 4653 e280 9d2c 20e2 ..ReiserFS..., .\n-000039a0: 809c 524f 4d46 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c41 ..ROMFS..., ...A\n-000039b0: 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 7274 0a20 2020 2020 miga Smart. \n-000039c0: 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 5346 5329 FileSystem (SFS)\n-000039d0: e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5371 7561 7368 34e2 ..., ...Squash4.\n-000039e0: 809d 2c20 e280 9c74 6172 e280 9d2c 20e2 .., ...tar..., .\n-000039f0: 809c 5544 46e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c42 5344 ..UDF..., ...BSD\n-00003a00: 2055 4653 2f55 4653 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 UFS/UFS2..., ..\n-00003a10: 9c58 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e .XFS...,. an\n-00003a20: 6420 e280 9c5a 4653 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 d ...ZFS... (inc\n-00003a30: 6c75 6469 6e67 206c 7a6a 622c 2067 7a69 luding lzjb, gzi\n-00003a40: 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 6d69 7272 6f72 2c20 p, zle, mirror, \n-00003a50: 7374 7269 7065 2c20 7261 6964 7a31 2f32 stripe, raidz1/2\n-00003a60: 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 656e 6372 /3. and encr\n-00003a70: 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4145 532d 4343 yption in AES-CC\n-00003a80: 4d20 616e 6420 4145 532d 4743 4d29 2e20 M and AES-GCM). \n-00003a90: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d *Note Filesystem\n-00003aa0: 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 206d 6f72 ::, for. mor\n-00003ab0: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e information...\n-00003ac0: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6175 746f 6d61 7469 Support automati\n-00003ad0: 6320 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e0a c decompression.\n-00003ae0: 2020 2020 2043 616e 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 Can decompr\n-00003af0: 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 7768 6963 6820 ess files which \n-00003b00: 7765 7265 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 were compressed \n-00003b10: 6279 20e2 8098 677a 6970 e280 9920 6f72 by ...gzip... or\n-00003b20: 20e2 8098 787a e280 9928 3229 0a20 2020 ...xz...(2). \n-00003b30: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 (*note Feature\n-00003b40: 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e s-Footnote-2::).\n-00003b50: 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 This function \n-00003b60: 6973 2062 6f74 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 is both automati\n-00003b70: 6320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 c and. trans\n-00003b80: 7061 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7573 parent to the us\n-00003b90: 6572 2028 692e 652e 2020 616c 6c20 6675 er (i.e. all fu\n-00003ba0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 6572 6174 6520 nctions operate \n-00003bb0: 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 756e upon the. un\n-00003bc0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 compressed conte\n-00003bd0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 nts of the speci\n-00003be0: 6669 6564 2066 696c 6573 292e 2020 5468 fied files). Th\n-00003bf0: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 is greatly. \n-00003c00: 7265 6475 6365 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 reduces a file s\n-00003c10: 697a 6520 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 ize and loading \n-00003c20: 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c time, a particul\n-00003c30: 6172 6c79 2067 7265 6174 2062 656e 6566 arly great benef\n-00003c40: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 666c 6f70 it. for flop\n-00003c50: 7069 6573 2e28 3329 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 pies.(3) (*note\n-00003c60: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n-00003c70: 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 te-3::).. It\n-00003c80: 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 is conceivable \n-00003c90: 7468 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c that some kernel\n-00003ca0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 modules should \n-00003cb0: 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 be loaded in a. \n-00003cc0: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 compressed s\n-00003cd0: 7461 7465 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 tate, so a diffe\n-00003ce0: 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 rent module-load\n-00003cf0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 ing command can \n-00003d00: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 be. specifie\n-00003d10: 6420 746f 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d d to avoid uncom\n-00003d20: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 pressing the mod\n-00003d30: 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 ules...Access da\n-00003d40: 7461 206f 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c ta on any instal\n-00003d50: 6c65 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 led device. \n-00003d60: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 Support reading \n-00003d70: 6461 7461 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 data from any or\n-00003d80: 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 all floppies or\n-00003d90: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 hard disk(s). \n-00003da0: 2020 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 recognized by\n-00003db0: 2074 6865 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 the BIOS, indep\n-00003dc0: 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 endent of the se\n-00003dd0: 7474 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f tting of the roo\n-00003de0: 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a t. device...\n-00003df0: 4265 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f Be independent o\n-00003e00: 6620 6472 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 f drive geometry\n-00003e10: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 translations. \n-00003e20: 2020 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f Unlike many o\n-00003e30: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther boot loader\n-00003e40: 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 s, GRUB makes th\n-00003e50: 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 e particular dri\n-00003e60: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 ve. translat\n-00003e70: 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 ion irrelevant. \n-00003e80: 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c A drive install\n-00003e90: 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 ed and running w\n-00003ea0: 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 ith one. tra\n-00003eb0: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 nslation may be \n-00003ec0: 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f converted to ano\n-00003ed0: 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e ther translation\n-00003ee0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 without any. \n-00003ef0: 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 adverse effect\n-00003f00: 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 s or changes in \n-00003f10: 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 GRUB's configura\n-00003f20: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c tion...Detect al\n-00003f30: 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a l installed RAM.\n-00003f40: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 GRUB can ge\n-00003f50: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c nerally find all\n-00003f60: 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 the installed R\n-00003f70: 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 AM on a PC-compa\n-00003f80: 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 tible. machi\n-00003f90: 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 ne. It uses an \n-00003fa0: 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 advanced BIOS qu\n-00003fb0: 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f ery technique fo\n-00003fc0: 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 r finding all. \n-00003fd0: 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e memory region\n-00003fe0: 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 s. As described\n-00003ff0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f on the Multiboo\n-00004000: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n-00004010: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 (*note. Mult\n-00004020: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n-00004030: 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 ion: (multiboot)\n-00004040: 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b Top.), not all k\n-00004050: 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 650a ernels make use.\n-00004060: 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e66 of this inf\n-00004070: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 4752 ormation, but GR\n-00004080: 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 2066 UB provides it f\n-00004090: 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 6f2e or those who do.\n-000040a0: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 ..Support Logica\n-000040b0: 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 7320 l Block Address \n-000040c0: 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 7261 mode. In tra\n-000040d0: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 6b20 6361 ditional disk ca\n-000040e0: 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9c43 lls (called ...C\n-000040f0: 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 809d 292c 2074 6865 HS mode...), the\n-00004100: 7265 2069 7320 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 re is a geometry\n-00004110: 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f . translatio\n-00004120: 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 n problem, that \n-00004130: 6973 2c20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2063 616e is, the BIOS can\n-00004140: 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 7373 206f 7665 7220 not access over \n-00004150: 3130 3234 0a20 2020 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 1024. cylind\n-00004160: 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6163 6365 ers, so the acce\n-00004170: 7373 6962 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 ssible space is \n-00004180: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2061 7420 6c65 limited to at le\n-00004190: 6173 7420 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 ast 508 MB. \n-000041a0: 616e 6420 746f 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 and to at most 8\n-000041b0: 4742 2e20 4752 5542 2063 616e 2774 2075 GB. GRUB can't u\n-000041c0: 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 niversally solve\n-000041d0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 this problem, a\n-000041e0: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 s. there is \n-000041f0: 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7465 no standard inte\n-00004200: 7266 6163 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 616c rface used in al\n-00004210: 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 l machines. How\n-00004220: 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 ever,. sever\n-00004230: 616c 206e 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 al newer machine\n-00004240: 7320 6861 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 s have the new i\n-00004250: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 nterface, Logica\n-00004260: 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 l Block. Add\n-00004270: 7265 7373 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 ress (...LBA...)\n-00004280: 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 5542 2061 7574 mode. GRUB aut\n-00004290: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 omatically detec\n-000042a0: 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 ts if LBA mode i\n-000042b0: 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s. available\n-000042c0: 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 and uses it if \n-000042d0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 496e 204c available. In L\n-000042e0: 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 5255 4220 6361 BA mode, GRUB ca\n-000042f0: 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7468 n access. th\n-00004300: 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a e entire disk...\n-00004310: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 Support network \n-00004320: 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 2020 2047 5255 booting. GRU\n-00004330: 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2061 B is basically a\n-00004340: 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 6420 626f 6f74 disk-based boot\n-00004350: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 7420 616c 736f loader but also\n-00004360: 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 has network. \n-00004370: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 596f 7520 support. You \n-00004380: 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 696d 6167 can load OS imag\n-00004390: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 es from a networ\n-000043a0: 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 k by using the .\n-000043b0: 809c 5446 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 ..TFTP.... p\n-000043c0: 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 rotocol...Suppor\n-000043d0: 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 t remote termina\n-000043e0: 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f 2073 7570 706f ls. To suppo\n-000043f0: 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 rt computers wit\n-00004400: 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 h no console, GR\n-00004410: 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 7265 6d6f UB provides remo\n-00004420: 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 te terminal. \n-00004430: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 736f 2074 6861 support, so tha\n-00004440: 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 726f t you can contro\n-00004450: 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 7265 l GRUB from a re\n-00004460: 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 mote host. Only\n-00004470: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 . serial ter\n-00004480: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 minal support is\n-00004490: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 implemented at \n-000044a0: 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 the moment.....F\n-000044b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000044c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d Node: Features-\n-000044d0: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n-000044e0: 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 Features.. (1)\n-000044f0: 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 442f 6933 3836 The NetBSD/i386\n-00004500: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 204d 756c 7469 kernel is Multi\n-00004510: 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 boot-compliant, \n-00004520: 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 7375 7070 6f72 but lacks suppor\n-00004530: 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 t.for Multiboot \n-00004540: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 modules... (2)\n-00004550: 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 3220 6461 7461 Only CRC32 data\n-00004560: 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2063 6865 636b integrity check\n-00004570: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 2878 is supported (x\n-00004580: 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2043 5243 z default is CRC\n-00004590: 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 64.so one should\n-000045a0: 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 6b3d 6372 6333 use -check=crc3\n-000045b0: 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 4c5a 4d41 2 option). LZMA\n-000045c0: 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 7273 2061 7265 BCJ filters are\n-000045d0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 supported... \n-000045e0: 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 (3) There are a \n-000045f0: 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 616c few pathological\n-00004600: 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 206c 6f61 cases where loa\n-00004610: 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 7920 6261 646c ding a very badl\n-00004620: 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 454c 4620 y.organized ELF \n-00004630: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 6874 2074 616b kernel might tak\n-00004640: 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 7420 696e e longer, but in\n-00004650: 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 7468 6973 206e practice this n\n-00004660: 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a ever.happen.....\n-00004670: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00004680: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 Node: Role of \n-00004690: 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 a boot loader, \n-000046a0: 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 Prev: Features, \n-000046b0: 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f Up: Introductio\n-000046c0: 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 n..1.5 The role \n-000046d0: 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 of a boot loader\n-000046e0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00004700: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 The following is\n-00004710: 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 726f a quotation fro\n-00004720: 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b m Gordon Matzigk\n-00004730: 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 4220 6661 6e61 eit, a GRUB fana\n-00004740: 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 tic:.. Some \n-00004750: 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b 6520 746f 2061 people like to a\n-00004760: 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 2062 6f74 6820 cknowledge both \n-00004770: 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 the operating sy\n-00004780: 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 stem and. ke\n-00004790: 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2074 rnel when they t\n-000047a0: 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6569 7220 alk about their \n-000047b0: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 computers, so th\n-000047c0: 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 6179 2074 6865 ey might say the\n-000047d0: 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2022 474e 552f y. use \"GNU/\n-000047e0: 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 Linux\" or \"GNU/H\n-000047f0: 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2070 656f urd\". Other peo\n-00004800: 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 6f20 7468 696e ple seem to thin\n-00004810: 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 k that the. \n-00004820: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f kernel is the mo\n-00004830: 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 6172 st important par\n-00004840: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d2c t of the system,\n-00004850: 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c 696b 6520 746f so they like to\n-00004860: 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 . call their\n-00004870: 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 GNU operating s\n-00004880: 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 ystems \"Linux sy\n-00004890: 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 2020 2020 492c stems.\".. I,\n-000048a0: 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 656c personally, bel\n-000048b0: 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2069 ieve that this i\n-000048c0: 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 696e 6a75 7374 s a grave injust\n-000048d0: 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 ice, because the\n-000048e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 . _boot load\n-000048f0: 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 er_ is the most \n-00004900: 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 736f 6674 7761 important softwa\n-00004910: 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 re of all. I us\n-00004920: 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6566 6572 ed to. refer\n-00004930: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 7379 to the above sy\n-00004940: 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 6974 6865 7220 stems as either \n-00004950: 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 \"LILO\"(1) (*note\n-00004960: 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 Role of a. \n-00004970: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d 466f 6f74 boot loader-Foot\n-00004980: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 4752 note-1::) or \"GR\n-00004990: 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 UB\" systems... \n-000049a0: 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 Unfortunately\n-000049b0: 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 7665 7220 756e , nobody ever un\n-000049c0: 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 6861 7420 4920 derstood what I \n-000049d0: 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 6f75 was talking abou\n-000049e0: 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 4920 6a75 t; now. I ju\n-000049f0: 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 st use the word \n-00004a00: 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 2070 7365 7564 \"GNU\" as a pseud\n-00004a10: 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422e 0a0a onym for GRUB...\n-00004a20: 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 So, if you \n-00004a30: 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 ever hear people\n-00004a40: 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 626f 7574 2074 talking about t\n-00004a50: 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 474e heir alleged \"GN\n-00004a60: 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c U\". systems,\n-00004a70: 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2074 remember that t\n-00004a80: 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 7475 616c 6c79 hey are actually\n-00004a90: 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f 6d61 6765 2074 paying homage t\n-00004aa0: 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 o the best. \n-00004ab0: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6172 6f75 boot loader arou\n-00004ac0: 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 210a 0a20 2020 nd... GRUB!.. \n-00004ad0: 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 6169 We, the GRUB mai\n-00004ae0: 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 646f 206e 6f74 ntainers, do not\n-00004af0: 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 6f75 (usually) encou\n-00004b00: 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 6c65 rage Gordon's le\n-00004b10: 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e 6174 6963 6973 vel.of fanaticis\n-00004b20: 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6865 6c70 7320 m, but it helps \n-00004b30: 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 to remember that\n-00004b40: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6465 boot loaders de\n-00004b50: 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f 676e 6974 696f serve.recognitio\n-00004b60: 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 6520 7468 6174 n. We hope that\n-00004b70: 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 6e67 you enjoy using\n-00004b80: 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6173 206d 7563 GNU GRUB as muc\n-00004b90: 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 640a 7772 6974 h as we did.writ\n-00004ba0: 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ing it.....File:\n-00004bb0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00004bc0: 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f e: Role of a boo\n-00004bd0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 t loader-Footnot\n-00004be0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 es, Up: Role of\n-00004bf0: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a0a a boot loader..\n-00004c00: 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204c 496e 7578 (1) The LInux\n-00004c10: 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 LOader, a boot \n-00004c20: 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 6576 6572 loader that ever\n-00004c30: 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 2c20 6275 7420 ybody uses, but \n-00004c40: 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f nobody.likes....\n-00004c50: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00004c60: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e 6720 , Node: Naming \n-00004c70: 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 convention, Nex\n-00004c80: 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e t: OS-specific n\n-00004c90: 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 otes about grub \n-00004ca0: 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e tools, Prev: In\n-00004cb0: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a troduction, Up:\n-00004cc0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 Top..2 Naming c\n-00004cd0: 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a onvention.******\n-00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 *************..T\n-00004cf0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 he device syntax\n-00004d00: 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 6973 used in GRUB is\n-00004d10: 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 2064 6966 6665 a wee bit diffe\n-00004d20: 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6174 2079 rent from what y\n-00004d30: 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 6520 7365 656e ou may.have seen\n-00004d40: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e 2079 6f75 7220 before in your \n-00004d50: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00004d60: 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206e 6565 (s), and you nee\n-00004d70: 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 6f0a d to know it so.\n-00004d80: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7065 that you can spe\n-00004d90: 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 7665 2f70 6172 cify a drive/par\n-00004da0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b tition... Look\n-00004db0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e at the followin\n-00004dc0: 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 6e64 2065 g examples and e\n-00004dd0: 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a 2020 xplanations:.. \n-00004de0: 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 (fd0).. Fir\n-00004df0: 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 4220 st of all, GRUB \n-00004e00: 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 requires that th\n-00004e10: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6265 e device name be\n-00004e20: 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 7468 20e2 enclosed with .\n-00004e30: 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 29e2 ..(....and ...).\n-00004e40: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6664 e280 ... The ...fd..\n-00004e50: 9920 7061 7274 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 . part means tha\n-00004e60: 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 t it is a floppy\n-00004e70: 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 disk. The numb\n-00004e80: 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 7320 7468 er ...0....is th\n-00004e90: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 e drive number, \n-00004ea0: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 which is counted\n-00004eb0: 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 2054 from _zero_. T\n-00004ec0: 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 0a6d his expression.m\n-00004ed0: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 eans that GRUB w\n-00004ee0: 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7768 6f6c ill use the whol\n-00004ef0: 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a e floppy disk...\n-00004f00: 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 (hd0,msdos2\n-00004f10: 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 2c20 e280 9868 ).. Here, ...h\n-00004f20: 64e2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 d... means it is\n-00004f30: 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 a hard disk dri\n-00004f40: 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 ve. The first i\n-00004f50: 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 nteger ...0....i\n-00004f60: 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 ndicates the dri\n-00004f70: 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 ve number, that \n-00004f80: 6973 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 is, the first ha\n-00004f90: 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 rd disk, the str\n-00004fa0: 696e 670a e280 986d 7364 6f73 e280 9920 ing....msdos... \n-00004fb0: 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 7468 6520 7061 indicates the pa\n-00004fc0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 rtition scheme, \n-00004fd0: 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 while the second\n-00004fe0: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 e280 9832 e280 integer, ...2..\n-00004ff0: 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 .,.indicates the\n-00005000: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 partition numbe\n-00005010: 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2073 6c69 r (or the PC sli\n-00005020: 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 ce number in the\n-00005030: 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f 6779 BSD.terminology\n-00005040: 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ). The partitio\n-00005050: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6172 6520 636f n numbers are co\n-00005060: 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 205f 6f6e 655f unted from _one_\n-00005070: 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a 6572 6f20 , not from.zero \n-00005080: 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 6520 6361 7365 (as was the case\n-00005090: 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 in previous ver\n-000050a0: 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4229 2e20 sions of GRUB). \n-000050b0: 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a This expression.\n-000050c0: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 means the second\n-000050d0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 partition of th\n-000050e0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e first hard dis\n-000050f0: 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 496e 2074 6869 k drive. In thi\n-00005100: 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 s case,.GRUB use\n-00005110: 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 s one partition \n-00005120: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2c 2069 6e73 of the disk, ins\n-00005130: 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 7768 6f6c tead of the whol\n-00005140: 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 e disk... (h\n-00005150: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a 2020 2054 d0,msdos5).. T\n-00005160: 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 his specifies th\n-00005170: 6520 6669 7273 7420 e280 9c65 7874 656e e first ...exten\n-00005180: 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6ee2 809d ded partition...\n-00005190: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n-000051a0: 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk.drive. \n-000051b0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 Note that the pa\n-000051c0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 rtition numbers \n-000051d0: 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 6172 for extended par\n-000051e0: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f 756e titions are.coun\n-000051f0: 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 35e2 8099 ted from ...5...\n-00005200: 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 , regardless of \n-00005210: 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 the actual numbe\n-00005220: 7220 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 r of primary par\n-00005230: 7469 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 titions.on your \n-00005240: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 hard disk... \n-00005250: 2028 6864 312c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 (hd1,msdos1,bsd\n-00005260: 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 1).. This mean\n-00005270: 7320 7468 6520 4253 4420 e280 9861 e280 s the BSD ...a..\n-00005280: 9920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 . partition on f\n-00005290: 6972 7374 2050 4320 736c 6963 6520 6e75 irst PC slice nu\n-000052a0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 650a 7365 636f mber of the.seco\n-000052b0: 6e64 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 nd hard disk... \n-000052c0: 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 652c 2074 6f20 Of course, to \n-000052d0: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2061 6363 6573 7320 actually access \n-000052e0: 7468 6520 6469 736b 7320 6f72 2070 6172 the disks or par\n-000052f0: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 titions with GRU\n-00005300: 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 2075 B, you.need to u\n-00005310: 7365 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7370 se the device sp\n-00005320: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2061 ecification in a\n-00005330: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 command, like .\n-00005340: 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 ..set root=(fd0)\n-00005350: e280 990a 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f ....or ...partto\n-00005360: 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7333 2920 ol (hd0,msdos3) \n-00005370: 6869 6464 656e 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 hidden-.... To \n-00005380: 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 help you find ou\n-00005390: 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 t which number.s\n-000053a0: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 pecifies a parti\n-000053b0: 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 tion you want, t\n-000053c0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d he GRUB command-\n-000053d0: 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d line (*note.Comm\n-000053e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n-000053f0: 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 ce::) options ha\n-00005400: 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 ve argument comp\n-00005410: 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 letion. This me\n-00005420: 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 ans.that, for ex\n-00005430: 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 ample, you only \n-00005440: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 need to type.. \n-00005450: 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 set root=(.. \n-00005460: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 followed by a \n-00005470: 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 , and GRUB \n-00005480: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 will display the\n-00005490: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c list of drives,\n-000054a0: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 .partitions, or \n-000054b0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 file names. So \n-000054c0: 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 it should be qui\n-000054d0: 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 te easy to deter\n-000054e0: 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 mine the.name of\n-000054f0: 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 your target par\n-00005500: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 tition, even wit\n-00005510: 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 h minimal knowle\n-00005520: 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 dge of the.synta\n-00005530: 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 x... Note that\n-00005540: 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f GRUB does _not_\n-00005550: 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 distinguish IDE\n-00005560: 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 from SCSI - it \n-00005570: 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 simply.counts th\n-00005580: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e drive numbers \n-00005590: 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 from zero, regar\n-000055a0: 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 dless of their t\n-000055b0: 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a ype. Normally,.\n-000055c0: 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 any IDE drive nu\n-000055d0: 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 mber is less tha\n-000055e0: 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 n any SCSI drive\n-000055f0: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 number, althoug\n-00005600: 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 h that.is not tr\n-00005610: 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 ue if you change\n-00005620: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e the boot sequen\n-00005630: 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 ce by swapping I\n-00005640: 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 DE and SCSI.driv\n-00005650: 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e es in your BIOS.\n-00005660: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 .. Now the que\n-00005670: 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f stion is, how to\n-00005680: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f specify a file?\n-00005690: 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 Again, conside\n-000056a0: 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 r an.example:.. \n-000056b0: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 (hd0,msdos1)\n-000056c0: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 /vmlinuz.. Thi\n-000056d0: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 s specifies the \n-000056e0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 766d file named ...vm\n-000056f0: 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f 756e 6420 linuz..., found \n-00005700: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 on the first par\n-00005710: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 tition.of the fi\n-00005720: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 rst hard disk dr\n-00005730: 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ive. Note that \n-00005740: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d the argument com\n-00005750: 706c 6574 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 pletion works.wi\n-00005760: 7468 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 th file names, t\n-00005770: 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 oo... That was\n-00005780: 2065 6173 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e easy, admit it.\n-00005790: 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e Now read the n\n-000057a0: 6578 7420 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 ext chapter, to \n-000057b0: 6669 6e64 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 find out how.to \n-000057c0: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c actually install\n-000057d0: 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 GRUB on your dr\n-000057e0: 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ive.....File: gr\n-000057f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00005800: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 OS-specific note\n-00005810: 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f s about grub too\n-00005820: 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 ls, Next: Insta\n-00005830: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 llation, Prev: \n-00005840: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n-00005850: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f n, Up: Top..3 O\n-00005860: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n-00005870: 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c about grub tool\n-00005880: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n+000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 =======..GRUB 2 \n+000021e0: 6973 2061 2072 6577 7269 7465 206f 6620 is a rewrite of \n+000021f0: 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 7374 GRUB (*note Hist\n+00002200: 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 ory::), although\n+00002210: 2069 7420 7368 6172 6573 206d 616e 790a it shares many.\n+00002220: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 7320 characteristics \n+00002230: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 with the previou\n+00002240: 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b s version, now k\n+00002250: 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4752 5542 204c 6567 nown as GRUB Leg\n+00002260: 6163 792e 0a55 7365 7273 206f 6620 4752 acy..Users of GR\n+00002270: 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 UB Legacy may ne\n+00002280: 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 616e 6365 ed some guidance\n+00002290: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6972 2077 to find their w\n+000022a0: 6179 2061 726f 756e 640a 7468 6973 206e ay around.this n\n+000022b0: 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 ew version... \n+000022c0: e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ... The configur\n+000022d0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 6173 2061 ation file has a\n+000022e0: 206e 6577 206e 616d 6520 28e2 8098 6772 new name (...gr\n+000022f0: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 7261 7468 6572 ub.cfg... rather\n+00002300: 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d65 than. ...me\n+00002310: 6e75 2e6c 7374 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 nu.lst... or ...\n+00002320: 6772 7562 2e63 6f6e 66e2 8099 292c 206e grub.conf...), n\n+00002330: 6577 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 ew syntax (*note\n+00002340: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a Configuration::\n+00002350: 2920 616e 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7920 ) and. many \n+00002360: 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e new commands (*n\n+00002370: 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 292e ote Commands::).\n+00002380: 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 Configuration \n+00002390: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 2063 cannot be. c\n+000023a0: 6f70 6965 6420 6f76 6572 2064 6972 6563 opied over direc\n+000023b0: 746c 792c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 6d6f tly, although mo\n+000023c0: 7374 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2075 st GRUB Legacy u\n+000023d0: 7365 7273 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 740a sers should not.\n+000023e0: 2020 2020 2066 696e 6420 7468 6520 7379 find the sy\n+000023f0: 6e74 6178 2074 6f6f 2073 7572 7072 6973 ntax too surpris\n+00002400: 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ing... ... ...\n+00002410: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6973 2074 grub.cfg... is t\n+00002420: 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 ypically automat\n+00002430: 6963 616c 6c79 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 ically generated\n+00002440: 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f by ...grub-mkco\n+00002450: 6e66 6967 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e nfig.... (*n\n+00002460: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 ote Simple confi\n+00002470: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 guration::). Th\n+00002480: 6973 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7369 is makes it easi\n+00002490: 6572 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 er to handle. \n+000024a0: 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 726e versioned kern\n+000024b0: 656c 2075 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 el upgrades... \n+000024c0: 20e2 80a2 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e ... Partition n\n+000024d0: 756d 6265 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 umbers in GRUB d\n+000024e0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 evice names now \n+000024f0: 7374 6172 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 start at 1, not \n+00002500: 3020 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 0 (*note. Na\n+00002510: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a ming convention:\n+00002520: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 :)... ... The \n+00002530: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00002540: 6c65 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 7465 le is now writte\n+00002550: 6e20 696e 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 2063 n in something c\n+00002560: 6c6f 7365 7220 746f 2061 2066 756c 6c0a loser to a full.\n+00002570: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c scripting l\n+00002580: 616e 6775 6167 653a 2076 6172 6961 626c anguage: variabl\n+00002590: 6573 2c20 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 6c73 es, conditionals\n+000025a0: 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 650a , and loops are.\n+000025b0: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a available..\n+000025c0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 736d 616c 6c20 . ... A small \n+000025d0: 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7065 7273 6973 amount of persis\n+000025e0: 7465 6e74 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 tent storage is \n+000025f0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6163 726f 7373 available across\n+00002600: 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 reboots,. u\n+00002610: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 sing the ...save\n+00002620: 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986c _env... and ...l\n+00002630: 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 oad_env... comma\n+00002640: 6e64 7320 696e 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 nds in GRUB and \n+00002650: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 the. ...grub\n+00002660: 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 696c -editenv... util\n+00002670: 6974 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f ity. This is no\n+00002680: 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 t available in a\n+00002690: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ll. configur\n+000026a0: 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e ations (*note En\n+000026b0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a vironment block:\n+000026c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 :)... ... GRUB\n+000026d0: 2032 2068 6173 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 2 has more reli\n+000026e0: 6162 6c65 2077 6179 7320 746f 2066 696e able ways to fin\n+000026f0: 6420 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 d its own files \n+00002700: 616e 6420 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 and those of. \n+00002710: 2020 7461 7267 6574 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 target kernels\n+00002720: 206f 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2d64 6973 on multiple-dis\n+00002730: 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2068 k systems, and h\n+00002740: 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f as commands (*no\n+00002750: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 3a3a te. search::\n+00002760: 2920 746f 2066 696e 6420 6465 7669 6365 ) to find device\n+00002770: 7320 7573 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 s using file sys\n+00002780: 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c73 206f 7220 556e tem labels or Un\n+00002790: 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2055 iversally. U\n+000027a0: 6e69 7175 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 nique Identifier\n+000027b0: 7320 2855 5549 4473 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 s (UUIDs)... .\n+000027c0: 80a2 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 7661 .. GRUB 2 is ava\n+000027d0: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 ilable for sever\n+000027e0: 616c 206f 7468 6572 2074 7970 6573 206f al other types o\n+000027f0: 6620 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6164 6469 f system in addi\n+00002800: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 tion. to the\n+00002810: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 PC BIOS systems\n+00002820: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 supported by GR\n+00002830: 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 2050 4320 4546 UB Legacy: PC EF\n+00002840: 492c 2050 430a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6562 I, PC. coreb\n+00002850: 6f6f 742c 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 5350 oot, PowerPC, SP\n+00002860: 4152 432c 2061 6e64 204d 4950 5320 4c65 ARC, and MIPS Le\n+00002870: 6d6f 7465 2059 6565 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 mote Yeeloong ar\n+00002880: 6520 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f e all. suppo\n+00002890: 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4d61 rted... ... Ma\n+000028a0: 6e79 206d 6f72 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ny more file sys\n+000028b0: 7465 6d73 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 tems are support\n+000028c0: 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6275 ed, including bu\n+000028d0: 7420 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f t not limited to\n+000028e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7434 2c20 4846 532b . ext4, HFS+\n+000028f0: 2c20 616e 6420 4e54 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 , and NTFS... \n+00002900: e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2063 616e 2072 ... GRUB 2 can r\n+00002910: 6561 6420 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 6374 ead files direct\n+00002920: 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 616e 6420 ly from LVM and \n+00002930: 5241 4944 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 RAID devices... \n+00002940: 2020 e280 a220 4120 6772 6170 6869 6361 ... A graphica\n+00002950: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2061 6e64 2061 l terminal and a\n+00002960: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 graphical menu \n+00002970: 7379 7374 656d 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c system are avail\n+00002980: 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 able... ... GR\n+00002990: 5542 2032 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 UB 2's interface\n+000029a0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 can be translat\n+000029b0: 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 ed, including me\n+000029c0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 2e0a nu entry names..\n+000029d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 696d 6167 . ... The imag\n+000029e0: 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 e files (*note I\n+000029f0: 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 6d61 mages::) that ma\n+00002a00: 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 6520 ke up GRUB have \n+00002a10: 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 6761 been. reorga\n+00002a20: 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 2c20 nised; Stage 1, \n+00002a30: 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 2053 Stage 1.5, and S\n+00002a40: 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f tage 2 are no mo\n+00002a50: 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 re... ... GRUB\n+00002a60: 2032 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 2 puts many fac\n+00002a70: 696c 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d ilities in dynam\n+00002a80: 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f ically loaded mo\n+00002a90: 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a dules, allowing.\n+00002aa0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d the core im\n+00002ab0: 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 age to be smalle\n+00002ac0: 722c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 r, and allowing \n+00002ad0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 the core image t\n+00002ae0: 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 o be. built \n+00002af0: 696e 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 in more flexible\n+00002b00: 2077 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ways.....File: \n+00002b10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00002b20: 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 : Features, Nex\n+00002b30: 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f t: Role of a boo\n+00002b40: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a t loader, Prev:\n+00002b50: 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 Changes from GR\n+00002b60: 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 UB Legacy, Up: \n+00002b70: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e Introduction..1.\n+00002b80: 3420 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 4 GRUB features.\n+00002b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00002ba0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 =..The primary r\n+00002bb0: 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 equirement for G\n+00002bc0: 5255 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 RUB is that it b\n+00002bd0: 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 e compliant with\n+00002be0: 2074 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f the....Multiboo\n+00002bf0: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6ee2 t Specification.\n+00002c00: 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 6573 .., which is des\n+00002c10: 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 cribed in *note \n+00002c20: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot.Specif\n+00002c30: 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 ication: (multib\n+00002c40: 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 oot)Top... The\n+00002c50: 206f 7468 6572 2067 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 other goals, li\n+00002c60: 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6170 7072 6f78 696d sted in approxim\n+00002c70: 6174 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 ate order of imp\n+00002c80: 6f72 7461 6e63 652c 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 ortance, are:.. \n+00002c90: 2020 e280 a220 4261 7369 6320 6675 6e63 ... Basic func\n+00002ca0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7374 tions must be st\n+00002cb0: 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 6420 666f raightforward fo\n+00002cc0: 7220 656e 642d 7573 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 r end-users... \n+00002cd0: 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 6820 6675 6e63 7469 ... Rich functi\n+00002ce0: 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f 2073 7570 706f onality to suppo\n+00002cf0: 7274 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6578 7065 7274 rt kernel expert\n+00002d00: 7320 616e 6420 6465 7369 676e 6572 732e s and designers.\n+00002d10: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2042 6163 6b77 6172 .. ... Backwar\n+00002d20: 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 d compatibility \n+00002d30: 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4672 6565 for booting Free\n+00002d40: 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 442c 204f 7065 BSD, NetBSD, Ope\n+00002d50: 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 204c nBSD, and. L\n+00002d60: 696e 7578 2e20 2050 726f 7072 6965 7461 inux. Proprieta\n+00002d70: 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2028 7375 6368 ry kernels (such\n+00002d80: 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 696e 646f 7773 as DOS, Windows\n+00002d90: 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f 532f 3229 2061 NT, and OS/2) a\n+00002da0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 re. supporte\n+00002db0: 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f d via a chain-lo\n+00002dc0: 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a ading function..\n+00002dd0: 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 2073 . 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Unlike ma\n+00003e30: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ny other boot lo\n+00003e40: 6164 6572 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 aders, GRUB make\n+00003e50: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 s the particular\n+00003e60: 2064 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e drive. tran\n+00003e70: 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 7661 slation irreleva\n+00003e80: 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 6e73 nt. A drive ins\n+00003e90: 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 talled and runni\n+00003ea0: 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 ng with one. \n+00003eb0: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 translation may\n+00003ec0: 2062 6520 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f be converted to\n+00003ed0: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 another transla\n+00003ee0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 tion without any\n+00003ef0: 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 6566 . adverse ef\n+00003f00: 6665 6374 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 fects or changes\n+00003f10: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 in GRUB's confi\n+00003f20: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 guration...Detec\n+00003f30: 7420 616c 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 t all installed \n+00003f40: 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 RAM. GRUB ca\n+00003f50: 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 n generally find\n+00003f60: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c all the install\n+00003f70: 6564 2052 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 ed RAM on a PC-c\n+00003f80: 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 206d ompatible. m\n+00003f90: 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 6573 achine. It uses\n+00003fa0: 2061 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 494f an advanced BIO\n+00003fb0: 5320 7175 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 7175 S query techniqu\n+00003fc0: 6520 666f 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 616c e for finding al\n+00003fd0: 6c0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 l. memory re\n+00003fe0: 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 6372 gions. As descr\n+00003ff0: 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 ibed on the Mult\n+00004000: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n+00004010: 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ion (*note. \n+00004020: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n+00004030: 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 ication: (multib\n+00004040: 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 2061 oot)Top.), not a\n+00004050: 6c6c 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b 6520 ll kernels make \n+00004060: 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 use. of this\n+00004070: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 information, bu\n+00004080: 7420 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 t GRUB provides \n+00004090: 6974 2066 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f it for those who\n+000040a0: 2064 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f do...Support Lo\n+000040b0: 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 gical Block Addr\n+000040c0: 6573 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 496e ess mode. In\n+000040d0: 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 traditional dis\n+000040e0: 6b20 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 k calls (called \n+000040f0: e280 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 809d 292c ...CHS mode...),\n+00004100: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6765 6f6d there is a geom\n+00004110: 6574 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c etry. transl\n+00004120: 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 ation problem, t\n+00004130: 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 hat is, the BIOS\n+00004140: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 7373 206f cannot access o\n+00004150: 7665 7220 3130 3234 0a20 2020 2020 6379 ver 1024. cy\n+00004160: 6c69 6e64 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 linders, so the \n+00004170: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 7061 6365 accessible space\n+00004180: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2061 is limited to a\n+00004190: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 t least 508 MB. \n+000041a0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 746f 2061 7420 6d6f and to at mo\n+000041b0: 7374 2038 4742 2e20 4752 5542 2063 616e st 8GB. GRUB can\n+000041c0: 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2073 't universally s\n+000041d0: 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 olve this proble\n+000041e0: 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7265 m, as. there\n+000041f0: 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 is no standard \n+00004200: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7573 6564 2069 interface used i\n+00004210: 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e20 n all machines. \n+00004220: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 However,. s\n+00004230: 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 6572 206d 6163 everal newer mac\n+00004240: 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 2074 6865 206e hines have the n\n+00004250: 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f ew interface, Lo\n+00004260: 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 gical Block. \n+00004270: 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 Address (...LBA\n+00004280: e280 9d29 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 5542 ...) mode. GRUB\n+00004290: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 automatically d\n+000042a0: 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f etects if LBA mo\n+000042b0: 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c de is. avail\n+000042c0: 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 6974 able and uses it\n+000042d0: 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 if available. \n+000042e0: 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 5255 In LBA mode, GRU\n+000042f0: 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 B can access. \n+00004300: 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 the entire dis\n+00004310: 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 7477 k...Support netw\n+00004320: 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 2020 ork booting. \n+00004330: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 616c GRUB is basical\n+00004340: 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 6420 ly a disk-based \n+00004350: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 7420 boot loader but \n+00004360: 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f 726b also has network\n+00004370: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 . support. \n+00004380: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 You can load OS \n+00004390: 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 images from a ne\n+000043a0: 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 twork by using t\n+000043b0: 6865 20e2 809c 5446 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 he ...TFTP.... \n+000043c0: 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 protocol...Su\n+000043d0: 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 pport remote ter\n+000043e0: 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f 2073 minals. To s\n+000043f0: 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 upport computers\n+00004400: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 with no console\n+00004410: 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 , GRUB provides \n+00004420: 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a remote terminal.\n+00004430: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 736f support, so\n+00004440: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f that you can co\n+00004450: 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 ntrol GRUB from \n+00004460: 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e 2020 a remote host. \n+00004470: 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c Only. serial\n+00004480: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 terminal suppor\n+00004490: 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 t is implemented\n+000044a0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a at the moment..\n+000044b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000044c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 7475 fo, Node: Featu\n+000044d0: 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 res-Footnotes, \n+000044e0: 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 Up: Features.. \n+000044f0: 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 442f (1) The NetBSD/\n+00004500: 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 204d i386 kernel is M\n+00004510: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 ultiboot-complia\n+00004520: 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 7375 nt, but lacks su\n+00004530: 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 pport.for Multib\n+00004540: 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 oot modules... \n+00004550: 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 3220 (2) Only CRC32 \n+00004560: 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2063 data integrity c\n+00004570: 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 heck is supporte\n+00004580: 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 d (xz default is\n+00004590: 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 CRC64.so one sh\n+000045a0: 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 6b3d ould use -check=\n+000045b0: 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 crc32 option). \n+000045c0: 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 7273 LZMA BCJ filters\n+000045d0: 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a are supported..\n+000045e0: 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 6172 . (3) There ar\n+000045f0: 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 e a few patholog\n+00004600: 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 ical cases where\n+00004610: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 7920 loading a very \n+00004620: 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 badly.organized \n+00004630: 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 6874 ELF kernel might\n+00004640: 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 take longer, bu\n+00004650: 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 7468 t in practice th\n+00004660: 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e is never.happen.\n+00004670: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00004680: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 nfo, Node: Role\n+00004690: 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 of a boot loade\n+000046a0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 7572 r, Prev: Featur\n+000046b0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 es, Up: Introdu\n+000046c0: 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 2072 ction..1.5 The r\n+000046d0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n+000046e0: 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ader.===========\n+000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00004700: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e ==..The followin\n+00004710: 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 6f6e g is a quotation\n+00004720: 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 from Gordon Mat\n+00004730: 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 4220 zigkeit, a GRUB \n+00004740: 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 fanatic:.. S\n+00004750: 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b 6520 ome people like \n+00004760: 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 2062 to acknowledge b\n+00004770: 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e oth the operatin\n+00004780: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 g system and. \n+00004790: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 7468 kernel when th\n+000047a0: 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 ey talk about th\n+000047b0: 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c 2073 eir computers, s\n+000047c0: 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 6179 o they might say\n+000047d0: 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2022 they. use \"\n+000047e0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 2247 GNU/Linux\" or \"G\n+000047f0: 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 6572 NU/Hurd\". Other\n+00004800: 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 6f20 people seem to \n+00004810: 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 think that the. \n+00004820: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 7468 kernel is th\n+00004830: 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 e most important\n+00004840: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7973 part of the sys\n+00004850: 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c 696b tem, so they lik\n+00004860: 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 e to. call t\n+00004870: 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 7469 heir GNU operati\n+00004880: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 ng systems \"Linu\n+00004890: 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 2020 x systems.\".. \n+000048a0: 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c I, personally,\n+000048b0: 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 7468 believe that th\n+000048c0: 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 696e is is a grave in\n+000048d0: 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 justice, because\n+000048e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 the. _boot \n+000048f0: 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 206d loader_ is the m\n+00004900: 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 736f ost important so\n+00004910: 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 ftware of all. \n+00004920: 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 I used to. r\n+00004930: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 efer to the abov\n+00004940: 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 6974 e systems as eit\n+00004950: 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 282a her \"LILO\"(1) (*\n+00004960: 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 note Role of a. \n+00004970: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d boot loader-\n+00004980: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 Footnote-1::) or\n+00004990: 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d 732e \"GRUB\" systems.\n+000049a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 .. Unfortuna\n+000049b0: 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 7665 tely, nobody eve\n+000049c0: 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 6861 r understood wha\n+000049d0: 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 t I was talking \n+000049e0: 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 about; now. \n+000049f0: 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 I just use the w\n+00004a00: 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 2070 ord \"GNU\" as a p\n+00004a10: 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 5255 seudonym for GRU\n+00004a20: 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 B... So, if \n+00004a30: 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 7065 you ever hear pe\n+00004a40: 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 626f ople talking abo\n+00004a50: 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 ut their alleged\n+00004a60: 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 \"GNU\". syst\n+00004a70: 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 ems, remember th\n+00004a80: 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 7475 at they are actu\n+00004a90: 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f 6d61 ally paying homa\n+00004aa0: 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 0a20 ge to the best. \n+00004ab0: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 boot loader \n+00004ac0: 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 210a around... GRUB!.\n+00004ad0: 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 . We, the GRUB\n+00004ae0: 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 646f maintainers, do\n+00004af0: 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 not (usually) e\n+00004b00: 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 ncourage Gordon'\n+00004b10: 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e 6174 s level.of fanat\n+00004b20: 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6865 icism, but it he\n+00004b30: 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 lps to remember \n+00004b40: 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 that boot loader\n+00004b50: 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f 676e s deserve.recogn\n+00004b60: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 6520 ition. We hope \n+00004b70: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 that you enjoy u\n+00004b80: 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6173 sing GNU GRUB as\n+00004b90: 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 640a much as we did.\n+00004ba0: 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 writing it.....F\n+00004bb0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00004bc0: 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 Node: Role of a\n+00004bd0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f boot loader-Foo\n+00004be0: 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 6f6c tnotes, Up: Rol\n+00004bf0: 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 e of a boot load\n+00004c00: 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204c er.. (1) The L\n+00004c10: 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 2062 Inux LOader, a b\n+00004c20: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 oot loader that \n+00004c30: 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 2c20 everybody uses, \n+00004c40: 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 but nobody.likes\n+00004c50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00004c60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 616d info, Node: Nam\n+00004c70: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 ing convention, \n+00004c80: 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Next: OS-specif\n+00004c90: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 ic notes about g\n+00004ca0: 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 6576 rub tools, Prev\n+00004cb0: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 : Introduction, \n+00004cc0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 Up: Top..2 Nami\n+00004cd0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a ng convention.**\n+00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00004cf0: 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 *..The device sy\n+00004d00: 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 ntax used in GRU\n+00004d10: 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 2064 B is a wee bit d\n+00004d20: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7768 ifferent from wh\n+00004d30: 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 6520 at you may.have \n+00004d40: 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e 2079 seen before in y\n+00004d50: 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 our operating sy\n+00004d60: 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 stem(s), and you\n+00004d70: 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 need to know it\n+00004d80: 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e so.that you can\n+00004d90: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 7665 specify a drive\n+00004da0: 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 /partition... \n+00004db0: 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f 6c6c Look at the foll\n+00004dc0: 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 owing examples a\n+00004dd0: 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a nd explanations:\n+00004de0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 .. (fd0).. \n+00004df0: 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 First of all, G\n+00004e00: 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 6861 RUB requires tha\n+00004e10: 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d t the device nam\n+00004e20: 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 e be enclosed wi\n+00004e30: 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 th ...(....and .\n+00004e40: 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 ..).... The ...\n+00004e50: 6664 e280 9920 7061 7274 206d 6561 6e73 fd... part means\n+00004e60: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 666c that it is a fl\n+00004e70: 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 oppy disk. The \n+00004e80: 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 number ...0....i\n+00004e90: 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 s the drive numb\n+00004ea0: 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 6f75 er, which is cou\n+00004eb0: 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f nted from _zero_\n+00004ec0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 7369 . This expressi\n+00004ed0: 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 on.means that GR\n+00004ee0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 UB will use the \n+00004ef0: 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 whole floppy dis\n+00004f00: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 k... (hd0,ms\n+00004f10: 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 2c20 dos2).. Here, \n+00004f20: e280 9868 64e2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2069 ...hd... means i\n+00004f30: 7420 6973 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b t is a hard disk\n+00004f40: 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 drive. The fir\n+00004f50: 7374 2069 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 st integer ...0.\n+00004f60: 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 ...indicates the\n+00004f70: 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 drive number, t\n+00004f80: 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 hat is, the firs\n+00004f90: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 t hard disk, the\n+00004fa0: 2073 7472 696e 670a e280 986d 7364 6f73 string....msdos\n+00004fb0: e280 9920 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 7468 ... indicates th\n+00004fc0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 6865 e partition sche\n+00004fd0: 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 7365 me, while the se\n+00004fe0: 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 e280 cond integer, ..\n+00004ff0: 9832 e280 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 .2...,.indicates\n+00005000: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e the partition n\n+00005010: 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 5043 umber (or the PC\n+00005020: 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e slice number in\n+00005030: 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f the BSD.termino\n+00005040: 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 7274 logy). The part\n+00005050: 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6172 ition numbers ar\n+00005060: 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 205f e counted from _\n+00005070: 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a one_, not from.z\n+00005080: 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 6520 ero (as was the \n+00005090: 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 case in previous\n+000050a0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 5255 versions of GRU\n+000050b0: 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 7373 B). This express\n+000050c0: 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7365 ion.means the se\n+000050d0: 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f cond partition o\n+000050e0: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n+000050f0: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 496e disk drive. In\n+00005100: 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 this case,.GRUB\n+00005110: 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 uses one partit\n+00005120: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2c ion of the disk,\n+00005130: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 instead of the \n+00005140: 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 whole disk... \n+00005150: 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a (hd0,msdos5)..\n+00005160: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 This specifie\n+00005170: 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 e280 9c65 s the first ...e\n+00005180: 7874 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f xtended partitio\n+00005190: 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 n... of the firs\n+000051a0: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 t hard disk.driv\n+000051b0: 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 e. Note that th\n+000051c0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 e partition numb\n+000051d0: 6572 7320 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 6564 ers for extended\n+000051e0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a partitions are.\n+000051f0: 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 counted from ...\n+00005200: 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 7373 5..., regardless\n+00005210: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 206e of the actual n\n+00005220: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 7279 umber of primary\n+00005230: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 partitions.on y\n+00005240: 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a our hard disk...\n+00005250: 2020 2020 2028 6864 312c 6d73 646f 7331 (hd1,msdos1\n+00005260: 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 ,bsd1).. This \n+00005270: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 4253 4420 e280 means the BSD ..\n+00005280: 9861 e280 9920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 .a... partition \n+00005290: 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 736c 6963 on first PC slic\n+000052a0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 650a e number of the.\n+000052b0: 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b second hard disk\n+000052c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 652c ... Of course,\n+000052d0: 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2061 6363 to actually acc\n+000052e0: 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b 7320 6f72 ess the disks or\n+000052f0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 partitions with\n+00005300: 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 6420 GRUB, you.need \n+00005310: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 to use the devic\n+00005320: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 e specification \n+00005330: 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6c69 in a command, li\n+00005340: 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 ke ...set root=(\n+00005350: 6664 3029 e280 990a 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 fd0)....or ...pa\n+00005360: 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f rttool (hd0,msdo\n+00005370: 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 2de2 8099 2e20 s3) hidden-.... \n+00005380: 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 696e To help you fin\n+00005390: 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 d out which numb\n+000053a0: 6572 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2070 er.specifies a p\n+000053b0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 616e artition you wan\n+000053c0: 742c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d t, the GRUB comm\n+000053d0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a and-line (*note.\n+000053e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 Command-line int\n+000053f0: 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e erface::) option\n+00005400: 7320 6861 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 s have argument \n+00005410: 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 completion. Thi\n+00005420: 7320 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 666f s means.that, fo\n+00005430: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206f r example, you o\n+00005440: 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 7065 nly need to type\n+00005450: 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d .. set root=\n+00005460: 280a 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 (.. followed b\n+00005470: 7920 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 2047 y a , and G\n+00005480: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 RUB will display\n+00005490: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 the list of dri\n+000054a0: 7665 732c 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c ves,.partitions,\n+000054b0: 206f 7220 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2e20 or file names. \n+000054c0: 2053 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 So it should be\n+000054d0: 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 quite easy to d\n+000054e0: 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d etermine the.nam\n+000054f0: 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 e of your target\n+00005500: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e partition, even\n+00005510: 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e with minimal kn\n+00005520: 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 owledge of the.s\n+00005530: 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 yntax... Note \n+00005540: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f that GRUB does _\n+00005550: 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 not_ distinguish\n+00005560: 2049 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d IDE from SCSI -\n+00005570: 2069 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 it simply.count\n+00005580: 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 s the drive numb\n+00005590: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 ers from zero, r\n+000055a0: 6567 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 egardless of the\n+000055b0: 6972 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c ir type. Normal\n+000055c0: 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 ly,.any IDE driv\n+000055d0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 e number is less\n+000055e0: 2074 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 than any SCSI d\n+000055f0: 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 rive number, alt\n+00005600: 686f 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f hough that.is no\n+00005610: 7420 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 t true if you ch\n+00005620: 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 ange the boot se\n+00005630: 7175 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 quence by swappi\n+00005640: 6e67 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a ng IDE and SCSI.\n+00005650: 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 drives in your B\n+00005660: 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 IOS... Now the\n+00005670: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f question is, ho\n+00005680: 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 w to specify a f\n+00005690: 696c 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e ile? Again, con\n+000056a0: 7369 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 sider an.example\n+000056b0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 :.. (hd0,msd\n+000056c0: 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 os1)/vmlinuz.. \n+000056d0: 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 This specifies \n+000056e0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 20e2 the file named .\n+000056f0: 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f ..vmlinuz..., fo\n+00005700: 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 und on the first\n+00005710: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 partition.of th\n+00005720: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e first hard dis\n+00005730: 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 k drive. Note t\n+00005740: 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 hat the argument\n+00005750: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 776f 726b completion work\n+00005760: 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 s.with file name\n+00005770: 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6174 s, too... That\n+00005780: 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c 2061 646d 6974 was easy, admit\n+00005790: 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 2074 it. Now read t\n+000057a0: 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 6170 7465 722c he next chapter,\n+000057b0: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f 7574 2068 6f77 to find out how\n+000057c0: 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 .to actually ins\n+000057d0: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 tall GRUB on you\n+000057e0: 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 r drive.....File\n+000057f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00005800: 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 de: OS-specific \n+00005810: 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 notes about grub\n+00005820: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 tools, Next: I\n+00005830: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 nstallation, Pr\n+00005840: 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 ev: Naming conve\n+00005850: 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a ntion, Up: Top.\n+00005860: 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e .3 OS-specific n\n+00005870: 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 otes about grub \n+00005880: 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tools.**********\n 00005890: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 ******..On OS wh\n-000058b0: 6963 6820 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 ich have device \n-000058c0: 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f nodes similar to\n-000058d0: 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 Unix-like OS GR\n-000058e0: 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 UB tools use the\n-000058f0: 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 .OS name. E.g. \n-00005900: 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a for GNU/Linux:.\n-00005910: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n-00005920: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 tall /dev/sda.. \n-00005930: 2020 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 On AROS we use\n-00005940: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e another syntax.\n-00005950: 2020 466f 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a For volumes:..\n-00005960: 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 //:.. E.g...\n-00005980: 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 //:DH0.. \n-00005990: 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 For disks we use\n-000059a0: 2073 796e 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f syntax:. //\n-000059b0: 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e 2f75 :/u\n-000059c0: 6e69 742f 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e nit/flags.. E.\n-000059d0: 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d g... # grub-\n-000059e0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 install //:ata.d\n-000059f0: 6576 6963 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e evice/0/0.. On\n-00005a00: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 Windows we use \n-00005a10: 554e 4320 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 UNC path. For v\n-00005a20: 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 olumes it's typi\n-00005a30: 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c cally.. \\\\?\\\n-00005a40: 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 Volume{}. \n-00005a50: 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c \\\\?\\:.. E.g.\n-00005a70: 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d .. \\\\?\\Volum\n-00005a80: 657b 3137 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d e{17f34d50-cf64-\n-00005a90: 3462 3032 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 4b02-800e-51d79c\n-00005aa0: 3361 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 3aa2ff}. \\\\?\n-00005ab0: 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b \\C:.. For disk\n-00005ac0: 7320 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f s it's.. \\\\?\n-00005ad0: 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e \\PhysicalDrive.. E.g..\n-00005af0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n-00005b00: 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 tall \\\\?\\Physica\n-00005b10: 6c44 7269 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 lDrive0.. Bewa\n-00005b20: 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 re that you may \n-00005b30: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 need to further \n-00005b40: 6573 6361 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 escape the backs\n-00005b50: 6c61 7368 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 lashes depending\n-00005b60: 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a .on your shell..\n-00005b70: 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 . When compile\n-00005b80: 6420 7769 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 d with cygwin su\n-00005b90: 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 pport then cygwi\n-00005ba0: 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 n drive names ar\n-00005bb0: 650a 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 e.automatically \n-00005bc0: 7768 656e 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e when needed. E.\n-00005bd0: 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d g... # grub-\n-00005be0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 install /dev/sda\n-00005bf0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00005c00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 nfo, Node: Inst\n-00005c10: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a allation, Next:\n-00005c20: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a Booting, Prev:\n-00005c30: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n-00005c40: 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f es about grub to\n-00005c50: 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 ols, Up: Top..4\n-00005c60: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a Installation.**\n-00005c70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e ************..In\n-00005c80: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c order to instal\n-00005c90: 6c20 4752 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 l GRUB as your b\n-00005ca0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 oot loader, you \n-00005cb0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e need to first in\n-00005cc0: 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 stall.the GRUB s\n-00005cd0: 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 ystem and utilit\n-00005ce0: 6965 7320 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 ies under your U\n-00005cf0: 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 NIX-like operati\n-00005d00: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 ng system.(*note\n-00005d10: 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 Obtaining and B\n-00005d20: 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e uilding GRUB::).\n-00005d30: 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 You can do thi\n-00005d40: 7320 6569 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 s either from th\n-00005d50: 650a 736f 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c e.source tarball\n-00005d60: 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 , or as a packag\n-00005d70: 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a e for your OS...\n-00005d80: 2020 2041 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 After you hav\n-00005d90: 6520 646f 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 e done that, you\n-00005da0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c need to install\n-00005db0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n-00005dc0: 206f 6e20 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f on a.drive (flo\n-00005dd0: 7070 7920 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ppy or hard disk\n-00005de0: 2920 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 ) by using the u\n-00005df0: 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 tility ...grub-i\n-00005e00: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 nstall... (*note\n-00005e10: 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 .Invoking grub-i\n-00005e20: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 nstall::) on a U\n-00005e30: 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 NIX-like OS... \n-00005e40: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 7320 7769 7468 GRUB comes with\n-00005e50: 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6573 2c20 7768 boot images, wh\n-00005e60: 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 ich are normally\n-00005e70: 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6469 7265 put in the dire\n-00005e80: 6374 6f72 790a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 ctory..../usr/li\n-00005e90: 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c 706c b/grub/-... (for \n-00005eb0: 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 206d 6163 6869 BIOS-based machi\n-00005ec0: 6e65 730a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f nes..../usr/lib/\n-00005ed0: 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 e280 9929 grub/i386-pc...)\n-00005ee0: 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 . Hereafter, th\n-00005ef0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 e directory wher\n-00005f00: 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 e GRUB images.ar\n-00005f10: 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 e initially plac\n-00005f20: 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 ed (normally ...\n-00005f30: 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 /usr/lib/grub/-..\n-00005f50: 9929 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 .) will be.calle\n-00005f60: 6420 7468 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 d the ...image d\n-00005f70: 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 irectory..., and\n-00005f80: 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 the directory w\n-00005f90: 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f here the boot lo\n-00005fa0: 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 6669 ader.needs to fi\n-00005fb0: 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 nd them (usually\n-00005fc0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 7769 .../boot...) wi\n-00005fd0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 ll be called the\n-00005fe0: 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 746f ...boot.directo\n-00005ff0: 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ry......* Menu:.\n-00006000: 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 .* Installing GR\n-00006010: 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e UB using grub-in\n-00006020: 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 stall::.* Making\n-00006030: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n-00006040: 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 CD-ROM::.* Devi\n-00006050: 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 ce map::.* BIOS \n-00006060: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a installation::..\n-00006070: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00006080: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c o, Node: Instal\n-00006090: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 ling GRUB using \n-000060a0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e grub-install, N\n-000060b0: 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 ext: Making a GR\n-000060c0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n-000060d0: 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c OM, Up: Install\n-000060e0: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 ation..4.1 Insta\n-000060f0: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 lling GRUB using\n-00006100: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d grub-install.==\n-00006110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f **********..On O\n+000058b0: 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 7665 2064 6576 S which have dev\n+000058c0: 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 ice nodes simila\n+000058d0: 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 204f r to Unix-like O\n+000058e0: 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 S GRUB tools use\n+000058f0: 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 the.OS name. E\n+00005900: 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e .g. for GNU/Lin\n+00005910: 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 ux:.. # grub\n+00005920: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 -install /dev/sd\n+00005930: 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 7765 a.. On AROS we\n+00005940: 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 796e use another syn\n+00005950: 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 tax. For volume\n+00005960: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c s:.. //:.. E.\n+00005980: 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 300a g... //:DH0.\n+00005990: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 7765 . For disks we\n+000059a0: 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 783a 0a20 2020 use syntax:. \n+000059b0: 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d //:/unit/flags.. \n+000059d0: 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 E.g... # g\n+000059e0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 rub-install //:a\n+000059f0: 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f 302f 300a 0a20 ta.device/0/0.. \n+00005a00: 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 7773 2077 6520 On Windows we \n+00005a10: 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 7468 2e20 2046 use UNC path. F\n+00005a20: 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 7427 7320 or volumes it's \n+00005a30: 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 2020 typically.. \n+00005a40: 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 \\\\?\\Volume{}. \\\\?\\:.. \n+00005a70: 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 E.g... \\\\?\\V\n+00005a80: 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 3464 3530 2d63 olume{17f34d50-c\n+00005a90: 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 3030 652d 3531 f64-4b02-800e-51\n+00005aa0: 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 d79c3aa2ff}. \n+00005ab0: 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 \\\\?\\C:.. For \n+00005ac0: 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 disks it's.. \n+00005ad0: 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 \\\\?\\PhysicalDri\n+00005ae0: 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e 0a0a 2020 2045 ve.. E\n+00005af0: 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 .g... # grub\n+00005b00: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 -install \\\\?\\Phy\n+00005b10: 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 300a 0a20 2020 sicalDrive0.. \n+00005b20: 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 Beware that you \n+00005b30: 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6675 7274 may need to furt\n+00005b40: 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 2074 6865 2062 her escape the b\n+00005b50: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 2064 6570 656e ackslashes depen\n+00005b60: 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6865 ding.on your she\n+00005b70: 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6d ll... When com\n+00005b80: 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 7967 7769 piled with cygwi\n+00005b90: 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656e 2063 n support then c\n+00005ba0: 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 ygwin drive name\n+00005bb0: 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 s are.automatica\n+00005bc0: 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e 6565 6465 642e lly when needed.\n+00005bd0: 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 E.g... # g\n+00005be0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 rub-install /dev\n+00005bf0: 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 /sda....File: gr\n+00005c00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00005c10: 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e Installation, N\n+00005c20: 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 ext: Booting, P\n+00005c30: 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 rev: OS-specific\n+00005c40: 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 notes about gru\n+00005c50: 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f b tools, Up: To\n+00005c60: 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f p..4 Installatio\n+00005c70: 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n.**************\n+00005c80: 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 696e ..In order to in\n+00005c90: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2061 7320 796f stall GRUB as yo\n+00005ca0: 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 ur boot loader, \n+00005cb0: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7273 you need to firs\n+00005cc0: 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 t install.the GR\n+00005cd0: 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7574 UB system and ut\n+00005ce0: 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e 6465 7220 796f ilities under yo\n+00005cf0: 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 ur UNIX-like ope\n+00005d00: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 282a rating system.(*\n+00005d10: 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 note Obtaining a\n+00005d20: 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 nd Building GRUB\n+00005d30: 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 646f ::). You can do\n+00005d40: 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 6572 2066 726f this either fro\n+00005d50: 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 6365 2074 6172 m the.source tar\n+00005d60: 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 6120 7061 ball, or as a pa\n+00005d70: 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 204f ckage for your O\n+00005d80: 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2079 6f75 S... After you\n+00005d90: 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 2074 6861 742c have done that,\n+00005da0: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 you need to ins\n+00005db0: 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f tall the boot lo\n+00005dc0: 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a 6472 6976 6520 ader on a.drive \n+00005dd0: 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 2068 6172 6420 (floppy or hard \n+00005de0: 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 disk) by using t\n+00005df0: 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 6772 he utility ...gr\n+00005e00: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a ub-install... (*\n+00005e10: 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note.Invoking gr\n+00005e20: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e ub-install::) on\n+00005e30: 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f 532e a UNIX-like OS.\n+00005e40: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 7320 .. GRUB comes \n+00005e50: 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6573 with boot images\n+00005e60: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f 726d , which are norm\n+00005e70: 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ally put in the \n+00005e80: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a e280 982f 7573 directory..../us\n+00005e90: 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 753e r/lib/grub/\n+00005ea0: 2d3c 706c 6174 666f 726d 3ee2 8099 2028 -... (\n+00005eb0: 666f 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 206d for BIOS-based m\n+00005ec0: 6163 6869 6e65 730a e280 982f 7573 722f achines..../usr/\n+00005ed0: 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 lib/grub/i386-pc\n+00005ee0: e280 9929 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 ...). Hereafter\n+00005ef0: 2c20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 , the directory \n+00005f00: 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 where GRUB image\n+00005f10: 730a 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 s.are initially \n+00005f20: 706c 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 placed (normally\n+00005f30: 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 .../usr/lib/gru\n+00005f40: 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 b/-...) will be.c\n+00005f60: 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 alled the ...ima\n+00005f70: 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2c ge directory...,\n+00005f80: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f and the directo\n+00005f90: 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 6f6f ry where the boo\n+00005fa0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 t loader.needs t\n+00005fb0: 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 7375 o find them (usu\n+00005fc0: 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 ally .../boot...\n+00005fd0: 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 ) will be called\n+00005fe0: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 the ...boot.dir\n+00005ff0: 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 ectory......* Me\n+00006000: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e nu:..* Installin\n+00006010: 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 g GRUB using gru\n+00006020: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 b-install::.* Ma\n+00006030: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n+00006040: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 able CD-ROM::.* \n+00006050: 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 Device map::.* B\n+00006060: 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e IOS installation\n+00006070: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n+00006080: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n+00006090: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 stalling GRUB us\n+000060a0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+000060b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 , Next: Making \n+000060c0: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+000060d0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 CD-ROM, Up: Ins\n+000060e0: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 tallation..4.1 I\n+000060f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 nstalling GRUB u\n+00006100: 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c sing grub-instal\n+00006110: 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l.==============\n 00006120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d ====..For inform\n-00006140: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 ation on where G\n-00006150: 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e RUB should be in\n-00006160: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 stalled on PC BI\n-00006170: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e OS platforms,.*n\n-00006180: 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ote BIOS install\n-00006190: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 ation::... In \n-000061a0: 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c order to install\n-000061b0: 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e GRUB under a UN\n-000061c0: 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 IX-like OS (such\n-000061d0: 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 as GNU), invoke\n-000061e0: 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .the program ...\n-000061f0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n-00006200: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n-00006210: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 grub-install::) \n-00006220: 6173 2074 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 as the.superuser\n-00006230: 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a (...root...)...\n-00006240: 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 6765 2069 7320 The usage is \n-00006250: 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 2073 basically very s\n-00006260: 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 imple. You only\n-00006270: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 need to specify\n-00006280: 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f one.argument to\n-00006290: 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 the program, na\n-000062a0: 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 6520 746f 2069 mely, where to i\n-000062b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 nstall the boot \n-000062c0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 7267 loader. The.arg\n-000062d0: 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 ument has to be \n-000062e0: 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 either a device \n-000062f0: 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 file (like .../d\n-00006300: 6576 2f68 6461 e280 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 ev/hda...). For\n-00006310: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 example,.under \n-00006320: 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 Linux the follow\n-00006330: 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ing will install\n-00006340: 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d GRUB into the M\n-00006350: 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a BR of the first.\n-00006360: 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 IDE disk:.. \n-00006370: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f # grub-install /\n-00006380: 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 dev/sda.. Like\n-00006390: 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 7220 474e 552f wise, under GNU/\n-000063a0: 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6173 2074 Hurd, this has t\n-000063b0: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 6665 6374 3a0a he same effect:.\n-000063c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n-000063d0: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 6864 300a 0a20 tall /dev/hd0.. \n-000063e0: 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 6162 But all the ab\n-000063f0: 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 7373 ove examples ass\n-00006400: 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 ume that GRUB sh\n-00006410: 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 6d61 6765 7320 ould put images \n-00006420: 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f under.the .../bo\n-00006430: 6f74 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e ot... directory.\n-00006440: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 If you want GR\n-00006450: 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 UB to put images\n-00006460: 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f under a directo\n-00006470: 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 ry.other than ..\n-00006480: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2079 6f75 206e ./boot..., you n\n-00006490: 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 eed to specify t\n-000064a0: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 he option ...--b\n-000064b0: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 oot-directory...\n-000064c0: 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 6361 6c20 7573 ..The typical us\n-000064d0: 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 age is that you \n-000064e0: 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f create a GRUB bo\n-000064f0: 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 7468 2061 ot floppy with a\n-00006500: 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 .filesystem. He\n-00006510: 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 re is an example\n-00006520: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 :.. # mke2fs\n-00006530: 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 /dev/fd0. #\n-00006540: 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 6578 7432 202f mount -t ext2 /\n-00006550: 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 dev/fd0 /mnt. \n-00006560: 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 # mkdir /mnt/b\n-00006570: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d oot. # grub-\n-00006580: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 install --boot-d\n-00006590: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f irectory=/mnt/bo\n-000065a0: 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 ot /dev/fd0. \n-000065b0: 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a # umount /mnt..\n-000065c0: 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 6573 2068 Some BIOSes h\n-000065d0: 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 6f66 2065 7870 ave a bug of exp\n-000065e0: 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 osing the first \n-000065f0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 partition of a U\n-00006600: 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 7320 6120 666c SB drive.as a fl\n-00006610: 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 oppy instead of \n-00006620: 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2055 5342 exposing the USB\n-00006630: 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 6120 6861 7264 drive as a hard\n-00006640: 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 7920 6361 6c6c disk (they call\n-00006650: 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 4444 2220 626f .it \"USB-FDD\" bo\n-00006660: 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 7563 6820 6361 ot). In such ca\n-00006670: 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f ses, you need to\n-00006680: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 7468 install like th\n-00006690: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 is:.. # lose\n-000066a0: 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f tup /dev/loop0 /\n-000066b0: 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 2020 2020 2320 dev/sdb1. # \n-000066c0: 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 mount /dev/loop0\n-000066d0: 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a 2020 2020 2023 /mnt/usb. #\n-000066e0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n-000066f0: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f boot-directory=/\n-00006700: 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 6762 696f 7320 mnt/usb/bugbios \n-00006710: 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d --force --allow-\n-00006720: 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 floppy /dev/loop\n-00006730: 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 0.. This insta\n-00006740: 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2063 6f6e 666c ll doesn't confl\n-00006750: 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 ict with standar\n-00006760: 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e d install as lon\n-00006770: 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a 6172 6520 696e g as they.are in\n-00006780: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 separate direct\n-00006790: 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4546 ories... On EF\n-000067a0: 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 6669 I systems for fi\n-000067b0: 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c xed disk install\n-000067c0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 206d 6f75 you have to mou\n-000067d0: 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 nt EFI System.Pa\n-000067e0: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 rtition. If you\n-000067f0: 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 6174 20e2 8098 mount it at ...\n-00006800: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 8099 2074 6865 /boot/efi... the\n-00006810: 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 n you don't need\n-00006820: 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2061 7267 any.special arg\n-00006830: 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 uments:.. # \n-00006840: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 grub-install.. \n-00006850: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2079 6f75 206e Otherwise you n\n-00006860: 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2077 eed to specify w\n-00006870: 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 4546 4920 5379 here your EFI Sy\n-00006880: 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 stem partition i\n-00006890: 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 s.mounted:.. \n-000068a0: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n-000068b0: 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d --efi-directory=\n-000068c0: 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 /mnt/efi.. For\n-000068d0: 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 removable insta\n-000068e0: 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 6f20 lls you have to \n-000068f0: 7573 6520 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 use ...--removab\n-00006900: 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 le... and specif\n-00006910: 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 y both....--boot\n-00006920: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9920 616e -directory... an\n-00006930: 6420 e280 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 d ...--efi-direc\n-00006940: 746f 7279 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 tory...:.. #\n-00006950: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n-00006960: 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d efi-directory=/m\n-00006970: 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 nt/usb --boot-di\n-00006980: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 rectory=/mnt/usb\n-00006990: 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 626c /boot --removabl\n-000069a0: 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e e....File: grub.\n-000069b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 616b info, Node: Mak\n-000069c0: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n-000069d0: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 ble CD-ROM, Nex\n-000069e0: 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 t: Device map, \n-000069f0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 Prev: Installing\n-00006a00: 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 GRUB using grub\n-00006a10: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2049 -install, Up: I\n-00006a20: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 nstallation..4.2\n-00006a30: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n-00006a40: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d ootable CD-ROM.=\n-00006a50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e ========..For in\n+00006140: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 formation on whe\n+00006150: 7265 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 re GRUB should b\n+00006160: 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 e installed on P\n+00006170: 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 C BIOS platforms\n+00006180: 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 ,.*note BIOS ins\n+00006190: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 tallation::... \n+000061a0: 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 In order to ins\n+000061b0: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 tall GRUB under \n+000061c0: 6120 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 a UNIX-like OS (\n+000061d0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e such as GNU), in\n+000061e0: 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d voke.the program\n+000061f0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+00006200: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n+00006210: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+00006220: 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 0a73 7570 6572 ::) as the.super\n+00006230: 7573 6572 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d user (...root...\n+00006240: 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 6765 )... The usage\n+00006250: 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 is basically ve\n+00006260: 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f 7520 ry simple. You \n+00006270: 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 only need to spe\n+00006280: 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d 656e cify one.argumen\n+00006290: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d t to the program\n+000062a0: 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 6520 , namely, where \n+000062b0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 to install the b\n+000062c0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 oot loader. The\n+000062d0: 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 746f .argument has to\n+000062e0: 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 6576 be either a dev\n+000062f0: 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 ice file (like .\n+00006300: 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 e280 9929 2e20 ../dev/hda...). \n+00006310: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e For example,.un\n+00006320: 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 666f der Linux the fo\n+00006330: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 llowing will ins\n+00006340: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 tall GRUB into t\n+00006350: 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 he MBR of the fi\n+00006360: 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 rst.IDE disk:.. \n+00006370: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n+00006380: 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 ll /dev/sda.. \n+00006390: 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 7220 Likewise, under \n+000063a0: 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 2068 GNU/Hurd, this h\n+000063b0: 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 6665 as the same effe\n+000063c0: 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 ct:.. # grub\n+000063d0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 6864 -install /dev/hd\n+000063e0: 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 7468 0.. But all th\n+000063f0: 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c 6573 e above examples\n+00006400: 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 assume that GRU\n+00006410: 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 6d61 B should put ima\n+00006420: 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 e280 ges under.the ..\n+00006430: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 ./boot... direct\n+00006440: 6f72 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e ory. If you wan\n+00006450: 7420 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d t GRUB to put im\n+00006460: 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 ages under a dir\n+00006470: 6563 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 ectory.other tha\n+00006480: 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2079 n .../boot..., y\n+00006490: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 ou need to speci\n+000064a0: 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 fy the option ..\n+000064b0: 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 .--boot-director\n+000064c0: 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 6361 y.....The typica\n+000064d0: 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 l usage is that \n+000064e0: 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 5255 you create a GRU\n+000064f0: 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 B boot floppy wi\n+00006500: 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e th a.filesystem.\n+00006510: 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 Here is an exa\n+00006520: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b mple:.. # mk\n+00006530: 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 e2fs /dev/fd0. \n+00006540: 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 6578 # mount -t ex\n+00006550: 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 t2 /dev/fd0 /mnt\n+00006560: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d . # mkdir /m\n+00006570: 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 2067 nt/boot. # g\n+00006580: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f rub-install --bo\n+00006590: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e ot-directory=/mn\n+000065a0: 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a t/boot /dev/fd0.\n+000065b0: 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d # umount /m\n+000065c0: 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 nt.. Some BIOS\n+000065d0: 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 6f66 es have a bug of\n+000065e0: 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 exposing the fi\n+000065f0: 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 rst partition of\n+00006600: 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 7320 a USB drive.as \n+00006610: 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 6164 a floppy instead\n+00006620: 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 6865 of exposing the\n+00006630: 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 6120 USB drive as a \n+00006640: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 7920 hard disk (they \n+00006650: 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 4444 call.it \"USB-FDD\n+00006660: 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 7563 \" boot). In suc\n+00006670: 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 h cases, you nee\n+00006680: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c 696b d to install lik\n+00006690: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 e this:.. # \n+000066a0: 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f losetup /dev/loo\n+000066b0: 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 2020 p0 /dev/sdb1. \n+000066c0: 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c # mount /dev/l\n+000066d0: 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a 2020 oop0 /mnt/usb. \n+000066e0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n+000066f0: 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f l --boot-directo\n+00006700: 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 6762 ry=/mnt/usb/bugb\n+00006710: 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d 616c ios --force --al\n+00006720: 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 762f low-floppy /dev/\n+00006730: 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 loop0.. This i\n+00006740: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2063 nstall doesn't c\n+00006750: 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 7461 onflict with sta\n+00006760: 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6173 ndard install as\n+00006770: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a 6172 long as they.ar\n+00006780: 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6469 e in separate di\n+00006790: 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 204f rectories... O\n+000067a0: 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f n EFI systems fo\n+000067b0: 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 6e73 r fixed disk ins\n+000067c0: 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f tall you have to\n+000067d0: 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 mount EFI Syste\n+000067e0: 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 m.Partition. If\n+000067f0: 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 6174 you mount it at\n+00006800: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 8099 .../boot/efi...\n+00006810: 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 then you don't \n+00006820: 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 616c need any.special\n+00006830: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 arguments:.. \n+00006840: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+00006850: 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2079 .. Otherwise y\n+00006860: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 ou need to speci\n+00006870: 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 4546 fy where your EF\n+00006880: 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 7469 I System partiti\n+00006890: 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a 0a0a on is.mounted:..\n+000068a0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+000068b0: 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 all --efi-direct\n+000068c0: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 ory=/mnt/efi.. \n+000068d0: 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 For removable i\n+000068e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 nstalls you have\n+000068f0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 982d 2d72 656d to use ...--rem\n+00006900: 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 7370 ovable... and sp\n+00006910: 6563 6966 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d ecify both....--\n+00006920: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 boot-directory..\n+00006930: 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 . and ...--efi-d\n+00006940: 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 irectory...:.. \n+00006950: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n+00006960: 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 l --efi-director\n+00006970: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f y=/mnt/usb --boo\n+00006980: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 t-directory=/mnt\n+00006990: 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f /usb/boot --remo\n+000069a0: 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 vable....File: g\n+000069b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000069c0: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n+000069d0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 ootable CD-ROM, \n+000069e0: 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 Next: Device ma\n+000069f0: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 616c p, Prev: Instal\n+00006a00: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 ling GRUB using \n+00006a10: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 grub-install, U\n+00006a20: 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a p: Installation.\n+00006a30: 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 .4.2 Making a GR\n+00006a40: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n+00006a50: 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d OM.=============\n 00006a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006a70: 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 ..GRUB supports \n-00006a80: 7468 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c 6174 the ...no emulat\n-00006a90: 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 696e 2074 ion mode... in t\n-00006aa0: 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 746f 2073 7065 he El Torito spe\n-00006ab0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 290a 282a cification(1).(*\n-00006ac0: 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 note Making a GR\n-00006ad0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n-00006ae0: 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 OM-Footnote-1::)\n-00006af0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 . This means th\n-00006b00: 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 7365 2074 at you.can use t\n-00006b10: 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 he whole CD-ROM \n-00006b20: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 796f from GRUB and yo\n-00006b30: 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f20 u don't have to \n-00006b40: 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 make a floppy.or\n-00006b50: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2069 6d61 6765 hard disk image\n-00006b60: 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e file, which can\n-00006b70: 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 cause compatibi\n-00006b80: 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 0a0a lity problems...\n-00006b90: 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 For booting f\n-00006ba0: 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 rom a CD-ROM, GR\n-00006bb0: 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 UB uses a specia\n-00006bc0: 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 l image called..\n-00006bd0: 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992c ..cdboot.img...,\n-00006be0: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 which is concat\n-00006bf0: 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 9863 enated with ...c\n-00006c00: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 ore.img.... The\n-00006c10: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 990a ...core.img....\n-00006c20: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7368 used for this sh\n-00006c30: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 7769 ould be built wi\n-00006c40: 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 th at least the \n-00006c50: e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 616e ...iso9660... an\n-00006c60: 6420 e280 9862 696f 7364 6973 6be2 8099 d ...biosdisk...\n-00006c70: 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 .modules. Your \n-00006c80: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 bootable CD-ROM \n-00006c90: 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 will usually als\n-00006ca0: 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 o need to includ\n-00006cb0: 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f e a.configuratio\n-00006cc0: 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 n file ...grub.c\n-00006cd0: 6667 e280 9920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f fg... and some o\n-00006ce0: 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 ther GRUB module\n-00006cf0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 s... To make a\n-00006d00: 2073 696d 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 simple generic \n-00006d10: 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 GRUB rescue CD, \n-00006d20: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a you can use the.\n-00006d30: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ...grub-mkrescue\n-00006d40: e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f ... program (*no\n-00006d50: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n-00006d60: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 -mkrescue::):.. \n-00006d70: 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 $ grub-mkres\n-00006d80: 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a cue -o grub.iso.\n-00006d90: 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 . You will oft\n-00006da0: 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 en need to inclu\n-00006db0: 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6573 2069 de other files i\n-00006dc0: 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 n your image. T\n-00006dd0: 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6972 7374 o do.this, first\n-00006de0: 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f 7020 6469 7265 make a top dire\n-00006df0: 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 7468 6520 626f ctory for the bo\n-00006e00: 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 otable image, sa\n-00006e10: 792c 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 y, ...iso...:.. \n-00006e20: 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 6f0a $ mkdir iso.\n-00006e30: 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6972 6563 . Make a direc\n-00006e40: 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423a 0a0a tory for GRUB:..\n-00006e50: 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 $ mkdir -p \n-00006e60: 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 iso/boot/grub.. \n-00006e70: 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 If desired, ma\n-00006e80: 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 ke the config fi\n-00006e90: 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 le ...grub.cfg..\n-00006ea0: 9920 756e 6465 7220 e280 9869 736f 2f62 . under ...iso/b\n-00006eb0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a 282a 6e6f oot/grub....(*no\n-00006ec0: 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e te Configuration\n-00006ed0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e ::), and copy an\n-00006ee0: 7920 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 y files and dire\n-00006ef0: 6374 6f72 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 ctories for the \n-00006f00: 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 disc.to the dire\n-00006f10: 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 ctory ...iso/...\n-00006f20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d ... Finally, m\n-00006f30: 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a ake the image:..\n-00006f40: 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 $ grub-mkre\n-00006f50: 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f scue -o grub.iso\n-00006f60: 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7072 iso.. This pr\n-00006f70: 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 oduces a file na\n-00006f80: 6d65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 med ...grub.iso.\n-00006f90: 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7468 656e 2063 .., which then c\n-00006fa0: 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e 6564 2069 6e74 an be burned int\n-00006fb0: 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 2061 2044 5644 o.a CD (or a DVD\n-00006fc0: 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f ), or written to\n-00006fd0: 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 7320 7374 6f72 a USB mass stor\n-00006fe0: 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 age device... \n-00006ff0: 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 The root device \n-00007000: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 7570 2061 will be set up a\n-00007010: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 ppropriately on \n-00007020: 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 720a e280 entering your...\n-00007030: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e .grub.cfg... con\n-00007040: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c figuration file,\n-00007050: 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 so you can refe\n-00007060: 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 r to file names \n-00007070: 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 on the CD.withou\n-00007080: 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 t needing to use\n-00007090: 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 an explicit dev\n-000070a0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ice name. This \n-000070b0: 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 makes it easier \n-000070c0: 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 to.produce rescu\n-000070d0: 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 e images that wi\n-000070e0: 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 ll work on both \n-000070f0: 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 optical drives a\n-00007100: 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 nd USB mass.stor\n-00007110: 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a age devices.....\n-00007120: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00007130: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 Node: Making a\n-00007140: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n-00007150: 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c D-ROM-Footnotes,\n-00007160: 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 Up: Making a G\n-00007170: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n-00007180: 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 ROM.. (1) El T\n-00007190: 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 orito is a speci\n-000071a0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f fication for boo\n-000071b0: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 table CD using B\n-000071c0: 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a IOS.functions...\n-000071d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000071e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 o, Node: Device\n-000071f0: 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f map, Next: BIO\n-00007200: 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 S installation, \n-00007210: 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 Prev: Making a \n-00007220: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-00007230: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 -ROM, Up: Insta\n-00007240: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 llation..4.3 The\n-00007250: 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f map between BIO\n-00007260: 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 S drives and OS \n-00007270: 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d devices.========\n+00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f ====..GRUB suppo\n+00006a80: 7274 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 656d rts the ...no em\n+00006a90: 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 ulation mode... \n+00006aa0: 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 746f in the El Torito\n+00006ab0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 specification(1\n+00006ac0: 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 ).(*note Making \n+00006ad0: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+00006ae0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d CD-ROM-Footnote-\n+00006af0: 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 1::). This mean\n+00006b00: 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 s that you.can u\n+00006b10: 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 442d se the whole CD-\n+00006b20: 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 616e ROM from GRUB an\n+00006b30: 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 d you don't have\n+00006b40: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 to make a flopp\n+00006b50: 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2069 y.or hard disk i\n+00006b60: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 mage file, which\n+00006b70: 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 can cause compa\n+00006b80: 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c 656d tibility problem\n+00006b90: 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 s... For booti\n+00006ba0: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d ng from a CD-ROM\n+00006bb0: 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 , GRUB uses a sp\n+00006bc0: 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 6c6c ecial image call\n+00006bd0: 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ed....cdboot.img\n+00006be0: e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f ..., which is co\n+00006bf0: 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 ncatenated with \n+00006c00: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 ...core.img.... \n+00006c10: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 The ...core.img\n+00006c20: e280 990a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6869 ....used for thi\n+00006c30: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 696c s should be buil\n+00006c40: 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 t with at least \n+00006c50: 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 the ...iso9660..\n+00006c60: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9862 696f 7364 6973 . and ...biosdis\n+00006c70: 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 k....modules. Y\n+00006c80: 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d our bootable CD-\n+00006c90: 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 ROM will usually\n+00006ca0: 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e also need to in\n+00006cb0: 636c 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 clude a.configur\n+00006cc0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 ation file ...gr\n+00006cd0: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 616e 6420 736f ub.cfg... and so\n+00006ce0: 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 6d6f me other GRUB mo\n+00006cf0: 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 dules... To ma\n+00006d00: 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6765 6e65 ke a simple gene\n+00006d10: 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 ric GRUB rescue \n+00006d20: 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 CD, you can use \n+00006d30: 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 the....grub-mkre\n+00006d40: 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 scue... program \n+00006d50: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n+00006d60: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a29 grub-mkrescue::)\n+00006d70: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d :.. $ grub-m\n+00006d80: 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e krescue -o grub.\n+00006d90: 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 6c6c iso.. You will\n+00006da0: 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 often need to i\n+00006db0: 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c nclude other fil\n+00006dc0: 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 6765 es in your image\n+00006dd0: 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c 2066 . To do.this, f\n+00006de0: 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f 7020 irst make a top \n+00006df0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 7468 directory for th\n+00006e00: 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 e bootable image\n+00006e10: 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 , say, ...iso...\n+00006e20: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 :.. $ mkdir \n+00006e30: 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 iso.. Make a d\n+00006e40: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 5255 irectory for GRU\n+00006e50: 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 6972 B:.. $ mkdir\n+00006e60: 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 -p iso/boot/gru\n+00006e70: 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 6564 b.. If desired\n+00006e80: 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 , make the confi\n+00006e90: 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 g file ...grub.c\n+00006ea0: 6667 e280 9920 756e 6465 7220 e280 9869 fg... under ...i\n+00006eb0: 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a so/boot/grub....\n+00006ec0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 (*note Configura\n+00006ed0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 tion::), and cop\n+00006ee0: 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 y any files and \n+00006ef0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 7320 666f 7220 directories for \n+00006f00: 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 the disc.to the \n+00006f10: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9869 736f directory ...iso\n+00006f20: 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c /...... Finall\n+00006f30: 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d 6167 y, make the imag\n+00006f40: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 622d e:.. $ grub-\n+00006f50: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 mkrescue -o grub\n+00006f60: 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 .iso iso.. Thi\n+00006f70: 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 696c s produces a fil\n+00006f80: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e e named ...grub.\n+00006f90: 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7468 iso..., which th\n+00006fa0: 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e 6564 en can be burned\n+00006fb0: 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 2061 into.a CD (or a\n+00006fc0: 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 7465 DVD), or writte\n+00006fd0: 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 7320 n to a USB mass \n+00006fe0: 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a storage device..\n+00006ff0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 . The root dev\n+00007000: 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 ice will be set \n+00007010: 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 6c79 up appropriately\n+00007020: 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 on entering you\n+00007030: 720a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 r....grub.cfg...\n+00007040: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00007050: 696c 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ile, so you can \n+00007060: 7265 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 refer to file na\n+00007070: 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 mes on the CD.wi\n+00007080: 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f thout needing to\n+00007090: 2075 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 use an explicit\n+000070a0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 device name. T\n+000070b0: 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 his makes it eas\n+000070c0: 6965 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 ier to.produce r\n+000070d0: 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 escue images tha\n+000070e0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 t will work on b\n+000070f0: 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 oth optical driv\n+00007100: 6573 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a es and USB mass.\n+00007110: 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e storage devices.\n+00007120: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00007130: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 nfo, Node: Maki\n+00007140: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n+00007150: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f le CD-ROM-Footno\n+00007160: 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 tes, Up: Making\n+00007170: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n+00007180: 2043 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 CD-ROM.. (1) \n+00007190: 456c 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 El Torito is a s\n+000071a0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 pecification for\n+000071b0: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 bootable CD usi\n+000071c0: 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e ng BIOS.function\n+000071d0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+000071e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 .info, Node: De\n+000071f0: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a vice map, Next:\n+00007200: 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 BIOS installati\n+00007210: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e on, Prev: Makin\n+00007220: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n+00007230: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 e CD-ROM, Up: I\n+00007240: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 nstallation..4.3\n+00007250: 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e The map between\n+00007260: 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 BIOS drives and\n+00007270: 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d OS devices.====\n 00007280: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00007290: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2064 ======..If the d\n-000072b0: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 2065 evice map file e\n-000072c0: 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 xists, the GRUB \n-000072d0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 28e2 8098 6772 utilities (...gr\n-000072e0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 992c 2065 7463 ub-probe..., etc\n-000072f0: 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 .).read it to ma\n-00007300: 7020 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f p BIOS drives to\n-00007310: 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 OS devices. Th\n-00007320: 6973 2066 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 is file consists\n-00007330: 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 of lines.like t\n-00007340: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 his:.. (DEVI\n-00007350: 4345 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 CE) FILE.. DEV\n-00007360: 4943 4520 6973 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 ICE is a drive s\n-00007370: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 pecified in the \n-00007380: 4752 5542 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f GRUB syntax (*no\n-00007390: 7465 2044 6576 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 te Device.syntax\n-000073a0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 ::), and FILE is\n-000073b0: 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 an OS file, whi\n-000073c0: 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 ch is normally a\n-000073d0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 device file... \n-000073e0: 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 Historically, \n-000073f0: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 the device map f\n-00007400: 696c 6520 7761 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 ile was used bec\n-00007410: 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 ause GRUB device\n-00007420: 206e 616d 6573 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 names.had to be\n-00007430: 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e used in the con\n-00007440: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c figuration file,\n-00007450: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 and they were d\n-00007460: 6572 6976 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 erived from.BIOS\n-00007470: 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 drive numbers. \n-00007480: 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e The map between\n-00007490: 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 BIOS drives and\n-000074a0: 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e OS devices cann\n-000074b0: 6f74 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 ot.always be gue\n-000074c0: 7373 6564 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 ssed correctly: \n-000074d0: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 for example, GRU\n-000074e0: 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f B will get the o\n-000074f0: 7264 6572 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f rder wrong.if yo\n-00007500: 7520 6578 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 u exchange the b\n-00007510: 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 oot sequence bet\n-00007520: 7765 656e 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 ween IDE and SCS\n-00007530: 4920 696e 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a I in your BIOS..\n-00007540: 0a20 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c . Unfortunatel\n-00007550: 792c 2065 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 y, even OS devic\n-00007560: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 e names are not \n-00007570: 616c 7761 7973 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 always stable. \n-00007580: 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 Modern.versions \n-00007590: 6f66 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 of the Linux ker\n-000075a0: 6e65 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 nel may probe dr\n-000075b0: 6976 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 ives in a differ\n-000075c0: 656e 7420 6f72 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 ent order from.b\n-000075d0: 6f6f 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 oot to boot, and\n-000075e0: 2074 6865 2070 7265 6669 7820 28e2 8098 the prefix (...\n-000075f0: 2f64 6576 2f68 642a e280 9920 7665 7273 /dev/hd*... vers\n-00007600: 7573 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 642a e280 us .../dev/sd*..\n-00007610: 9929 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 650a 6465 .) may change.de\n-00007620: 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 pending on the d\n-00007630: 7269 7665 7220 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 river subsystem \n-00007640: 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2041 7320 6120 7265 in use. As a re\n-00007650: 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 sult, the device\n-00007660: 206d 6170 0a66 696c 6520 7265 7175 6972 map.file requir\n-00007670: 6564 2066 7265 7175 656e 7420 6564 6974 ed frequent edit\n-00007680: 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 ing on some syst\n-00007690: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6176 ems... GRUB av\n-000076a0: 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 oids this proble\n-000076b0: 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2062 7920 7573 m nowadays by us\n-000076c0: 696e 6720 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c ing UUIDs or fil\n-000076d0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 656c 7320 e system.labels \n-000076e0: 7768 656e 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 when generating \n-000076f0: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 ...grub.cfg..., \n-00007700: 616e 6420 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 7468 and we advise th\n-00007710: 6174 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 at you do the sa\n-00007720: 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 746f me.for any custo\n-00007730: 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 m menu entries y\n-00007740: 6f75 2077 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ou write. If th\n-00007750: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c e device map fil\n-00007760: 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 e does not.exist\n-00007770: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 , then the GRUB \n-00007780: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 utilities will a\n-00007790: 7373 756d 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 ssume a temporar\n-000077a0: 7920 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f 6e20 y device map on \n-000077b0: 7468 650a 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 the.fly. This i\n-000077c0: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f s often good eno\n-000077d0: 7567 682c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c ugh, particularl\n-000077e0: 7920 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 y in the common \n-000077f0: 6361 7365 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 case of.single-d\n-00007800: 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 isk systems... \n-00007810: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6465 However, the de\n-00007820: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 6973 vice map file is\n-00007830: 206e 6f74 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 6f62 not entirely ob\n-00007840: 736f 6c65 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e 6420 solete yet, and \n-00007850: 6974 2069 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206f it is.used for o\n-00007860: 7665 7272 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e 2063 verriding when c\n-00007870: 7572 7265 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 urrent environme\n-00007880: 6e74 2069 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 nt is different \n-00007890: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 from the one.on \n-000078a0: 626f 6f74 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d boot. Most comm\n-000078b0: 6f6e 2063 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 796f on case is if yo\n-000078c0: 7520 7573 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f u use a partitio\n-000078d0: 6e20 6f72 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c n or logical vol\n-000078e0: 756d 650a 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 666f ume.as a disk fo\n-000078f0: 7220 7669 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 696e r virtual machin\n-00007900: 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 7420 e. You can put \n-00007910: 616e 7920 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 any comments in \n-00007920: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 the file if.need\n-00007930: 6564 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ed, as the GRUB \n-00007940: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 utilities assume\n-00007950: 2074 6861 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 that a line is \n-00007960: 6a75 7374 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 just a comment i\n-00007970: 660a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 f.the first char\n-00007980: 6163 7465 7220 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 acter is ...#...\n-00007990: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000079a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f info, Node: BIO\n-000079b0: 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 S installation, \n-000079c0: 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 Prev: Device ma\n-000079d0: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 p, Up: Installa\n-000079e0: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 tion..4.4 BIOS i\n-000079f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d nstallation.====\n+000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 ==========..If t\n+000072b0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 6669 he device map fi\n+000072c0: 6c65 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 2047 le exists, the G\n+000072d0: 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 28e2 RUB utilities (.\n+000072e0: 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 992c ..grub-probe...,\n+000072f0: 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 6974 2074 etc.).read it t\n+00007300: 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 o map BIOS drive\n+00007310: 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 732e s to OS devices.\n+00007320: 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 636f 6e73 This file cons\n+00007330: 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 ists of lines.li\n+00007340: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 ke this:.. (\n+00007350: 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 DEVICE) FILE.. \n+00007360: 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 2064 7269 DEVICE is a dri\n+00007370: 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 ve specified in \n+00007380: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 796e 7461 7820 the GRUB syntax \n+00007390: 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 650a 7379 (*note Device.sy\n+000073a0: 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2046 494c ntax::), and FIL\n+000073b0: 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 696c 652c E is an OS file,\n+000073c0: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c which is normal\n+000073d0: 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 ly a device file\n+000073e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c ... Historical\n+000073f0: 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d ly, the device m\n+00007400: 6170 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 7573 6564 ap file was used\n+00007410: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 6465 because GRUB de\n+00007420: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 0a68 6164 2074 vice names.had t\n+00007430: 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 o be used in the\n+00007440: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00007450: 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 7765 ile, and they we\n+00007460: 7265 2064 6572 6976 6564 2066 726f 6d0a re derived from.\n+00007470: 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 BIOS drive numbe\n+00007480: 7273 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 rs. The map bet\n+00007490: 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 ween BIOS drives\n+000074a0: 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 7320 and OS devices \n+000074b0: 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 6265 cannot.always be\n+000074c0: 2067 7565 7373 6564 2063 6f72 7265 6374 guessed correct\n+000074d0: 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c ly: for example,\n+000074e0: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 GRUB will get t\n+000074f0: 6865 206f 7264 6572 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 he order wrong.i\n+00007500: 6620 796f 7520 6578 6368 616e 6765 2074 f you exchange t\n+00007510: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 he boot sequence\n+00007520: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2049 4445 2061 6e64 between IDE and\n+00007530: 2053 4353 4920 696e 2079 6f75 7220 4249 SCSI in your BI\n+00007540: 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e OS... Unfortun\n+00007550: 6174 656c 792c 2065 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 ately, even OS d\n+00007560: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 evice names are \n+00007570: 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 7973 2073 7461 626c not always stabl\n+00007580: 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 6572 7369 e. Modern.versi\n+00007590: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 ons of the Linux\n+000075a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 kernel may prob\n+000075b0: 6520 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6469 e drives in a di\n+000075c0: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f72 6465 7220 6672 fferent order fr\n+000075d0: 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 742c om.boot to boot,\n+000075e0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 7265 6669 7820 and the prefix \n+000075f0: 28e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 642a e280 9920 (.../dev/hd*... \n+00007600: 7665 7273 7573 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 versus .../dev/s\n+00007610: 642a e280 9929 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 d*...) may chang\n+00007620: 650a 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 e.depending on t\n+00007630: 6865 2064 7269 7665 7220 7375 6273 7973 he driver subsys\n+00007640: 7465 6d20 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2041 7320 tem in use. As \n+00007650: 6120 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 6465 a result, the de\n+00007660: 7669 6365 206d 6170 0a66 696c 6520 7265 vice map.file re\n+00007670: 7175 6972 6564 2066 7265 7175 656e 7420 quired frequent \n+00007680: 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 editing on some \n+00007690: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 systems... GRU\n+000076a0: 4220 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 7072 B avoids this pr\n+000076b0: 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2062 oblem nowadays b\n+000076c0: 7920 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 7320 6f72 y using UUIDs or\n+000076d0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 file system.lab\n+000076e0: 656c 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e 6572 6174 els when generat\n+000076f0: 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 ing ...grub.cfg.\n+00007700: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2061 6476 6973 .., and we advis\n+00007710: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 e that you do th\n+00007720: 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 e same.for any c\n+00007730: 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 ustom menu entri\n+00007740: 6573 2079 6f75 2077 7269 7465 2e20 2049 es you write. I\n+00007750: 6620 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 f the device map\n+00007760: 2066 696c 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 file does not.e\n+00007770: 7869 7374 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 xist, then the G\n+00007780: 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7769 RUB utilities wi\n+00007790: 6c6c 2061 7373 756d 6520 6120 7465 6d70 ll assume a temp\n+000077a0: 6f72 6172 7920 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 orary device map\n+000077b0: 206f 6e20 7468 650a 666c 792e 2020 5468 on the.fly. Th\n+000077c0: 6973 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 is is often good\n+000077d0: 2065 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 6172 7469 6375 enough, particu\n+000077e0: 6c61 726c 7920 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d larly in the com\n+000077f0: 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 206f 660a 7369 6e67 mon case of.sing\n+00007800: 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732e le-disk systems.\n+00007810: 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 .. However, th\n+00007820: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c e device map fil\n+00007830: 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e74 6972 656c e is not entirel\n+00007840: 7920 6f62 736f 6c65 7465 2079 6574 2c20 y obsolete yet, \n+00007850: 616e 6420 6974 2069 730a 7573 6564 2066 and it is.used f\n+00007860: 6f72 206f 7665 7272 6964 696e 6720 7768 or overriding wh\n+00007870: 656e 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 en current envir\n+00007880: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6469 6666 6572 onment is differ\n+00007890: 656e 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 ent from the one\n+000078a0: 0a6f 6e20 626f 6f74 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 .on boot. Most \n+000078b0: 636f 6d6d 6f6e 2063 6173 6520 6973 2069 common case is i\n+000078c0: 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 6120 7061 7274 f you use a part\n+000078d0: 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 206c 6f67 6963 616c ition or logical\n+000078e0: 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 6173 2061 2064 6973 volume.as a dis\n+000078f0: 6b20 666f 7220 7669 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 k for virtual ma\n+00007900: 6368 696e 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 chine. You can \n+00007910: 7075 7420 616e 7920 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 put any comments\n+00007920: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 660a in the file if.\n+00007930: 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2047 needed, as the G\n+00007940: 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 6173 RUB utilities as\n+00007950: 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 sume that a line\n+00007960: 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 is just a comme\n+00007970: 6e74 2069 660a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 nt if.the first \n+00007980: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 6973 20e2 8098 character is ...\n+00007990: 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 #........File: g\n+000079a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000079b0: 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 BIOS installati\n+000079c0: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 on, Prev: Devic\n+000079d0: 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7374 e map, Up: Inst\n+000079e0: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 allation..4.4 BI\n+000079f0: 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a OS installation.\n 00007a00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00007a10: 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 =..MBR.===..The \n-00007a20: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 partition table \n-00007a30: 666f 726d 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e format tradition\n-00007a40: 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 ally used on PC \n-00007a50: 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 BIOS platforms i\n-00007a60: 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 s.called the Mas\n-00007a70: 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 ter Boot Record \n-00007a80: 284d 4252 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 (MBR) format; th\n-00007a90: 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 is is the format\n-00007aa0: 2074 6861 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 that.allows up \n-00007ab0: 746f 2066 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 to four primary \n-00007ac0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 partitions and a\n-00007ad0: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 dditional logica\n-00007ae0: 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 l partitions..Wi\n-00007af0: 7468 2074 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f th this partitio\n-00007b00: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 n table format, \n-00007b10: 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 there are two wa\n-00007b20: 7973 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 ys to install GR\n-00007b30: 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d UB: it.can be em\n-00007b40: 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 bedded in the ar\n-00007b50: 6561 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d ea between the M\n-00007b60: 4252 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 BR and the first\n-00007b70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c partition.(call\n-00007b80: 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 ed by various na\n-00007b90: 6d65 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 mes, such as the\n-00007ba0: 2022 626f 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 \"boot track\", \"\n-00007bb0: 4d42 5220 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d MBR gap\", or.\"em\n-00007bc0: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 bedding area\", a\n-00007bd0: 6e64 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 nd which is usua\n-00007be0: 6c6c 7920 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 lly at least 100\n-00007bf0: 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 0 KiB), or the c\n-00007c00: 6f72 650a 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 ore.image can be\n-00007c10: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 installed in a \n-00007c20: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 file system and \n-00007c30: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c a list of the bl\n-00007c40: 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 ocks that.make i\n-00007c50: 7420 7570 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 t up can be stor\n-00007c60: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ed in the first \n-00007c70: 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 sector of that p\n-00007c80: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f artition... Mo\n-00007c90: 6465 726e 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c dern tools usual\n-00007ca0: 6c79 206c 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 ly leave MBR gap\n-00007cb0: 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 of at least 102\n-00007cc0: 3320 4b69 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 3 KiB. This amou\n-00007cd0: 6e74 0a69 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 nt.is sufficient\n-00007ce0: 2074 6f20 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 to cover most c\n-00007cf0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 onfigurations. \n-00007d00: 4865 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 Hence this value\n-00007d10: 2069 730a 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 is.recommended \n-00007d20: 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d by the GRUB team\n-00007d30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c ... Historical\n-00007d40: 6c79 206d 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 ly many tools le\n-00007d50: 6674 206f 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f ft only 31 KiB o\n-00007d60: 6620 7370 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 f space. This i\n-00007d70: 7320 6e6f 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 s not.enough to \n-00007d80: 7061 7273 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 parse reliably d\n-00007d90: 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 ifficult structu\n-00007da0: 7265 7320 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 res like Btrfs, \n-00007db0: 5a46 532c 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d ZFS, RAID or.LVM\n-00007dc0: 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 , or to use diff\n-00007dd0: 6963 756c 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 icult disk acces\n-00007de0: 7320 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 s methods like a\n-00007df0: 6863 692e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 hci. Hence GRUB\n-00007e00: 2077 696c 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 will.warn if at\n-00007e10: 7465 6d70 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 tempted to insta\n-00007e20: 6c6c 2069 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 ll into small MB\n-00007e30: 5220 6761 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 R gap except in \n-00007e40: 6120 736d 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f a small number.o\n-00007e50: 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 f configurations\n-00007e60: 2074 6861 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 that were grand\n-00007e70: 6661 7468 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 fathered. The g\n-00007e80: 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 2063 6f6e randfathered con\n-00007e90: 6669 670a 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 fig.must:.. ..\n-00007ea0: a220 7573 6520 6269 6f73 6469 736b 2061 . use biosdisk a\n-00007eb0: 7320 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d6f s disk access mo\n-00007ec0: 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f dule for .../boo\n-00007ed0: 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206e 6f74 t..... ... not\n-00007ee0: 2075 7365 2061 6e79 2061 6464 6974 696f use any additio\n-00007ef0: 6e61 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 nal partition ma\n-00007f00: 7073 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 20e2 8098 ps to access ...\n-00007f10: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 /boot..... ...\n-00007f20: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 7573 .../boot... mus\n-00007f30: 7420 6265 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 2066 t be on one of f\n-00007f40: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 ollowing filesys\n-00007f50: 7465 6d73 3a20 4146 4653 2c20 4146 532c tems: AFFS, AFS,\n-00007f60: 2042 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2063 7069 6f2c BFS,. cpio,\n-00007f70: 206e 6577 632c 206f 6463 2c20 6578 7432 newc, odc, ext2\n-00007f80: 2f33 2f34 2c20 4641 542c 2065 7846 4154 /3/4, FAT, exFAT\n-00007f90: 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 4846 532c 2075 6e63 , F2FS, HFS, unc\n-00007fa0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 640a 2020 2020 2048 ompressed. H\n-00007fb0: 4653 2b2c 2049 534f 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 FS+, ISO9660, JF\n-00007fc0: 532c 204d 696e 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 S, Minix, Minix2\n-00007fd0: 2c20 4d69 6e69 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 , Minix3, NILFS2\n-00007fe0: 2c20 4e54 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 , NTFS, ReiserFS\n-00007ff0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5346 ,. ROMFS, SF\n-00008000: 532c 2074 6172 2c20 5544 462c 2055 4653 S, tar, UDF, UFS\n-00008010: 312c 2055 4653 322c 2058 4653 0a0a 2020 1, UFS2, XFS.. \n-00008020: 204d 4252 2067 6170 2068 6173 2066 6577 MBR gap has few\n-00008030: 2074 6563 686e 6963 616c 2070 726f 626c technical probl\n-00008040: 656d 732e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 206e ems. There is n\n-00008050: 6f20 7761 7920 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 o way to reserve\n-00008060: 2073 7061 6365 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 656d space.in the em\n-00008070: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 2077 6974 bedding area wit\n-00008080: 6820 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 2073 6166 6574 h complete safet\n-00008090: 792c 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 7072 6f70 y, and some prop\n-000080a0: 7269 6574 6172 790a 736f 6674 7761 7265 rietary.software\n-000080b0: 2069 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 7365 is known to use\n-000080c0: 2069 7420 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 2064 it to make it d\n-000080d0: 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2066 6f72 2075 7365 ifficult for use\n-000080e0: 7273 2074 6f20 776f 726b 0a61 726f 756e rs to work.aroun\n-000080f0: 6420 6c69 6365 6e73 696e 6720 7265 7374 d licensing rest\n-00008100: 7269 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 2047 5255 4220 rictions. GRUB \n-00008110: 776f 726b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7420 works around it \n-00008120: 6279 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 0a73 6563 by detecting.sec\n-00008130: 746f 7273 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 736f tors by other so\n-00008140: 6674 7761 7265 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 ftware and avoid\n-00008150: 696e 6720 7468 656d 2061 6e64 2070 726f ing them and pro\n-00008160: 7465 6374 696e 6720 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a tecting its own.\n-00008170: 7365 6374 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 5265 sectors using Re\n-00008180: 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 2065 6e63 6f64 ed-Solomon encod\n-00008190: 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7465 ing... GRUB te\n-000081a0: 616d 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 6861 am recommends ha\n-000081b0: 7669 6e67 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 ving MBR gap of \n-000081c0: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 at least 1000 Ki\n-000081d0: 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 6974 B... Should it\n-000081e0: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 706f 7373 6962 6c65 not be possible\n-000081f0: 2c20 4752 5542 2068 6173 2073 7570 706f , GRUB has suppo\n-00008200: 7274 2066 6f72 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 rt for a fallbac\n-00008210: 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 0a77 6869 6368 k solution.which\n-00008220: 2069 7320 6865 6176 696c 7920 7265 636f is heavily reco\n-00008230: 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6167 6169 6e73 742e mmended against.\n-00008240: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 Installing to \n-00008250: 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6561 a filesystem mea\n-00008260: 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 4752 5542 2069 7320 ns.that GRUB is \n-00008270: 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6974 vulnerable to it\n-00008280: 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 2062 6569 6e67 206d s blocks being m\n-00008290: 6f76 6564 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 2066 oved around by f\n-000082a0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 6665 6174 7572 ilesystem.featur\n-000082b0: 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6169 6c20 es such as tail \n-000082c0: 7061 636b 696e 672c 206f 7220 6576 656e packing, or even\n-000082d0: 2062 7920 6167 6772 6573 7369 7665 2066 by aggressive f\n-000082e0: 7363 6b0a 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 sck.implementati\n-000082f0: 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6973 2061 7070 ons, so this app\n-00008300: 726f 6163 6820 6973 2071 7569 7465 2066 roach is quite f\n-00008310: 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 616e 6420 7468 6973 ragile; and this\n-00008320: 2061 7070 726f 6163 680a 6361 6e20 6f6e approach.can on\n-00008330: 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6620 7468 ly be used if th\n-00008340: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6669 e .../boot... fi\n-00008350: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 lesystem is on t\n-00008360: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 736b 2074 6861 he same disk tha\n-00008370: 7420 7468 650a 4249 4f53 2062 6f6f 7473 t the.BIOS boots\n-00008380: 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2047 from, so that G\n-00008390: 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 RUB does not hav\n-000083a0: 6520 746f 2072 656c 7920 6f6e 2067 7565 e to rely on gue\n-000083b0: 7373 696e 6720 4249 4f53 0a64 7269 7665 ssing BIOS.drive\n-000083c0: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 numbers... Th\n-000083d0: 6520 4752 5542 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 e GRUB developme\n-000083e0: 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c nt team generall\n-000083f0: 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6473 2065 6d62 y recommends emb\n-00008400: 6564 6469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6265 666f edding GRUB befo\n-00008410: 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 re.the first par\n-00008420: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2079 tition, unless y\n-00008430: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 ou have special \n-00008440: 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e 7473 2e20 2059 requirements. Y\n-00008450: 6f75 206d 7573 740a 656e 7375 7265 2074 ou must.ensure t\n-00008460: 6861 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 hat the first pa\n-00008470: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7473 2061 rtition starts a\n-00008480: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 3030 204b 6942 t least 1000 KiB\n-00008490: 2028 3230 3030 2073 6563 746f 7273 290a (2000 sectors).\n-000084a0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f from the start o\n-000084b0: 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b 3b20 6f6e 206d f the disk; on m\n-000084c0: 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 736b 732c 2069 7420 odern disks, it \n-000084d0: 6973 206f 6674 656e 2061 2070 6572 666f is often a perfo\n-000084e0: 726d 616e 6365 0a61 6476 616e 7461 6765 rmance.advantage\n-000084f0: 2074 6f20 616c 6967 6e20 7061 7274 6974 to align partit\n-00008500: 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 6c61 7267 6572 2062 ions on larger b\n-00008510: 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 7320 616e 7977 6179 oundaries anyway\n-00008520: 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 , so the first.p\n-00008530: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6967 6874 2073 artition might s\n-00008540: 7461 7274 2031 204d 6942 2066 726f 6d20 tart 1 MiB from \n-00008550: 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the start of the\n-00008560: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 4750 540a 3d3d 3d0a disk...GPT.===.\n-00008570: 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 7765 7220 7379 7374 .Some newer syst\n-00008580: 656d 7320 7573 6520 7468 6520 4755 4944 ems use the GUID\n-00008590: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 Partition Table\n-000085a0: 2028 4750 5429 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 (GPT) format. \n-000085b0: 5468 6973 2077 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 This was.specifi\n-000085c0: 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 ed as part of th\n-000085d0: 6520 4578 7465 6e73 6962 6c65 2046 6972 e Extensible Fir\n-000085e0: 6d77 6172 6520 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 mware Interface \n-000085f0: 2845 4649 292c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 (EFI), but it ca\n-00008600: 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 6520 7573 6564 206f n.also be used o\n-00008610: 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 n BIOS platforms\n-00008620: 2069 6620 7379 7374 656d 2073 6f66 7477 if system softw\n-00008630: 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2069 743b are supports it;\n-00008640: 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 4752 for.example, GR\n-00008650: 5542 2061 6e64 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 UB and GNU/Linux\n-00008660: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 can be used in \n-00008670: 7468 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 this configurati\n-00008680: 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7468 6973 2066 on. With.this f\n-00008690: 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 7420 6973 2070 6f73 ormat, it is pos\n-000086a0: 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 sible to reserve\n-000086b0: 2061 2077 686f 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 a whole partiti\n-000086c0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c 0a63 616c on for GRUB,.cal\n-000086d0: 6c65 6420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f led the BIOS Boo\n-000086e0: 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 t Partition. GR\n-000086f0: 5542 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2065 UB can then be e\n-00008700: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6861 mbedded into tha\n-00008710: 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 7468 t.partition with\n-00008720: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 7269 736b 206f 6620 out the risk of \n-00008730: 6265 696e 6720 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 being overwritte\n-00008740: 6e20 6279 206f 7468 6572 2073 6f66 7477 n by other softw\n-00008750: 6172 6520 616e 640a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 are and.without \n-00008760: 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 being contained \n-00008770: 696e 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 in a filesystem \n-00008780: 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6d6f 7665 which might move\n-00008790: 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 730a 6172 6f75 its blocks.arou\n-000087a0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 7265 nd... When cre\n-000087b0: 6174 696e 6720 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f ating a BIOS Boo\n-000087c0: 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 t Partition on a\n-000087d0: 2047 5054 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 GPT system, you\n-000087e0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 should make.sur\n-000087f0: 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 2061 7420 e that it is at \n-00008800: 6c65 6173 7420 3331 204b 6942 2069 6e20 least 31 KiB in \n-00008810: 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 542d 666f 726d size. (GPT-form\n-00008820: 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 atted disks are \n-00008830: 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 not.usually part\n-00008840: 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 icularly small, \n-00008850: 736f 2077 6520 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 so we recommend \n-00008860: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6974 that you make it\n-00008870: 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e 0a74 6865 larger than.the\n-00008880: 2062 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 bare minimum, s\n-00008890: 7563 6820 6173 2031 204d 6942 2c20 746f uch as 1 MiB, to\n-000088a0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 allow plenty of\n-000088b0: 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 6772 6f77 7468 room for growth\n-000088c0: 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 7420 616c 736f .).You must also\n-000088d0: 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 make sure that \n-000088e0: 6974 2068 6173 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 it has the prope\n-000088f0: 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 r partition type\n-00008900: 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 . Using.GNU Par\n-00008910: 7465 642c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 ted, you can set\n-00008920: 2074 6869 7320 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f this using a co\n-00008930: 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 mmand such as th\n-00008940: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 e following:.. \n-00008950: 2020 2023 2070 6172 7465 6420 2f64 6576 # parted /dev\n-00008960: 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 7420 5041 5254 4954 /DISK set PARTIT\n-00008970: 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 696f 735f ION-NUMBER bios_\n-00008980: 6772 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 grub on.. If y\n-00008990: 6f75 2061 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2067 6469 ou are using gdi\n-000089a0: 736b 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 sk, set the part\n-000089b0: 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2074 6f20 e280 ition type to ..\n-000089c0: 9830 7845 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 6974 .0xEF02.... Wit\n-000089d0: 680a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 h.partitioning p\n-000089e0: 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 2072 6571 rograms that req\n-000089f0: 7569 7265 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 uire setting the\n-00008a00: 2047 5549 4420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 GUID directly, \n-00008a10: 6974 2073 686f 756c 640a 6265 20e2 8098 it should.be ...\n-00008a20: 3231 3638 3631 3438 2d36 3434 392d 3665 21686148-6449-6e\n-00008a30: 3666 2d37 3434 6536 3536 3536 3434 3534 6f-744e656564454\n-00008a40: 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 649...... *Cau\n-00008a50: 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 7279 2063 tion:* Be very c\n-00008a60: 6172 6566 756c 2077 6869 6368 2070 6172 areful which par\n-00008a70: 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 656c 6563 tition you selec\n-00008a80: 7421 2020 5768 656e 2047 5255 420a 6669 t! When GRUB.fi\n-00008a90: 6e64 7320 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 nds a BIOS Boot \n-00008aa0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 Partition during\n-00008ab0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 installation, i\n-00008ac0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 t will automatic\n-00008ad0: 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2070 ally.overwrite p\n-00008ae0: 6172 7420 6f66 2069 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 art of it. Make\n-00008af0: 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 2070 sure that the p\n-00008b00: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f artition does no\n-00008b10: 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 t contain any.ot\n-00008b20: 6865 7220 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c her data.....Fil\n-00008b30: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00008b40: 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e ode: Booting, N\n-00008b50: 6578 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ext: Configurati\n-00008b60: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e73 7461 on, Prev: Insta\n-00008b70: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f llation, Up: To\n-00008b80: 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a p..5 Booting.***\n-00008b90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e ******..GRUB can\n-00008ba0: 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d load Multiboot-\n-00008bb0: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c compliant kernel\n-00008bc0: 7320 696e 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e s in a consisten\n-00008bd0: 7420 7761 792c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 t way, but for.s\n-00008be0: 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 206f 7065 7261 7469 ome free operati\n-00008bf0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 206e ng systems you n\n-00008c00: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 eed to use some \n-00008c10: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d61 6769 OS-specific magi\n-00008c20: 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 c...* Menu:..* G\n-00008c30: 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 eneral boot meth\n-00008c40: 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 ods:: How\n-00008c50: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 204f 5365 7320 7769 to boot OSes wi\n-00008c60: 7468 2047 5255 4220 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c th GRUB generall\n-00008c70: 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f y.* Loopback boo\n-00008c80: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ting:: \n-00008c90: 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 Notes on booti\n-00008ca0: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b ng from loopback\n-00008cb0: 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f s.* LVM cache bo\n-00008cc0: 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 oting:: \n-00008cd0: 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 Notes on booti\n-00008ce0: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 ng from LVM cach\n-00008cf0: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n-00008d00: 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e .* OS-specific n\n-00008d10: 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 otes:: \n-00008d20: 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206f Notes on some o\n-00008d30: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-00008d40: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00008d50: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 nfo, Node: Gene\n-00008d60: 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 ral boot methods\n-00008d70: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 , Next: Loopbac\n-00008d80: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 k booting, Up: \n-00008d90: 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e31 2048 6f77 Booting..5.1 How\n-00008da0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 7065 7261 7469 to boot operati\n-00008db0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ng systems.=====\n+00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a =====..MBR.===..\n+00007a20: 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 The partition ta\n+00007a30: 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 7261 6469 ble format tradi\n+00007a40: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6f6e tionally used on\n+00007a50: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 PC BIOS platfor\n+00007a60: 6d73 2069 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 ms is.called the\n+00007a70: 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 Master Boot Rec\n+00007a80: 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 666f 726d 6174 ord (MBR) format\n+00007a90: 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f ; this is the fo\n+00007aa0: 726d 6174 2074 6861 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 rmat that.allows\n+00007ab0: 2075 7020 746f 2066 6f75 7220 7072 696d up to four prim\n+00007ac0: 6172 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2061 ary partitions a\n+00007ad0: 6e64 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f nd additional lo\n+00007ae0: 6769 6361 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 gical partitions\n+00007af0: 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7061 7274 ..With this part\n+00007b00: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d ition table form\n+00007b10: 6174 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 at, there are tw\n+00007b20: 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c o ways to instal\n+00007b30: 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 616e 2062 l GRUB: it.can b\n+00007b40: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 e embedded in th\n+00007b50: 6520 6172 6561 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 e area between t\n+00007b60: 6865 204d 4252 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 he MBR and the f\n+00007b70: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 irst partition.(\n+00007b80: 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6f75 called by variou\n+00007b90: 7320 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 s names, such as\n+00007ba0: 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 2074 7261 636b the \"boot track\n+00007bb0: 222c 2022 4d42 5220 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 \", \"MBR gap\", or\n+00007bc0: 0a22 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 .\"embedding area\n+00007bd0: 222c 2061 6e64 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 \", and which is \n+00007be0: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 206c 6561 7374 usually at least\n+00007bf0: 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 1000 KiB), or t\n+00007c00: 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 6520 6361 he core.image ca\n+00007c10: 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 n be installed i\n+00007c20: 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 n a file system \n+00007c30: 616e 6420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7468 and a list of th\n+00007c40: 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 740a 6d61 e blocks that.ma\n+00007c50: 6b65 2069 7420 7570 2063 616e 2062 6520 ke it up can be \n+00007c60: 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 stored in the fi\n+00007c70: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n+00007c80: 6174 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 at partition... \n+00007c90: 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 Modern tools u\n+00007ca0: 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6561 7665 204d 4252 sually leave MBR\n+00007cb0: 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 gap of at least\n+00007cc0: 2031 3032 3320 4b69 422e 2054 6869 7320 1023 KiB. This \n+00007cd0: 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 7320 7375 6666 6963 amount.is suffic\n+00007ce0: 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 636f 7665 7220 6d6f ient to cover mo\n+00007cf0: 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e st configuration\n+00007d00: 732e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2076 s. Hence this v\n+00007d10: 616c 7565 2069 730a 7265 636f 6d6d 656e alue is.recommen\n+00007d20: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ded by the GRUB \n+00007d30: 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 team... Histor\n+00007d40: 6963 616c 6c79 206d 616e 7920 746f 6f6c ically many tool\n+00007d50: 7320 6c65 6674 206f 6e6c 7920 3331 204b s left only 31 K\n+00007d60: 6942 206f 6620 7370 6163 652e 2020 5468 iB of space. Th\n+00007d70: 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 656e 6f75 6768 is is not.enough\n+00007d80: 2074 6f20 7061 7273 6520 7265 6c69 6162 to parse reliab\n+00007d90: 6c79 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2073 7472 ly difficult str\n+00007da0: 7563 7475 7265 7320 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 uctures like Btr\n+00007db0: 6673 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 4149 4420 6f72 fs, ZFS, RAID or\n+00007dc0: 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 .LVM, or to use \n+00007dd0: 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 6469 736b 2061 difficult disk a\n+00007de0: 6363 6573 7320 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 ccess methods li\n+00007df0: 6b65 2061 6863 692e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 ke ahci. Hence \n+00007e00: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 GRUB will.warn i\n+00007e10: 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7465 6420 746f 2069 f attempted to i\n+00007e20: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 6e74 6f20 736d 616c nstall into smal\n+00007e30: 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 7020 6578 6365 7074 l MBR gap except\n+00007e40: 2069 6e20 6120 736d 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 in a small numb\n+00007e50: 6572 0a6f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 er.of configurat\n+00007e60: 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7765 7265 2067 ions that were g\n+00007e70: 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 2e20 2054 randfathered. T\n+00007e80: 6865 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 he grandfathered\n+00007e90: 2063 6f6e 6669 670a 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 config.must:.. \n+00007ea0: 2020 e280 a220 7573 6520 6269 6f73 6469 ... use biosdi\n+00007eb0: 736b 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 sk as disk acces\n+00007ec0: 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 s module for ...\n+00007ed0: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 /boot..... ...\n+00007ee0: 206e 6f74 2075 7365 2061 6e79 2061 6464 not use any add\n+00007ef0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f itional partitio\n+00007f00: 6e20 6d61 7073 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 n maps to access\n+00007f10: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 .../boot..... \n+00007f20: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 ... .../boot...\n+00007f30: 206d 7573 7420 6265 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 must be on one \n+00007f40: 6f66 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2066 696c of following fil\n+00007f50: 6573 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 4146 4653 2c20 esystems: AFFS, \n+00007f60: 4146 532c 2042 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2063 AFS, BFS,. c\n+00007f70: 7069 6f2c 206e 6577 632c 206f 6463 2c20 pio, newc, odc, \n+00007f80: 6578 7432 2f33 2f34 2c20 4641 542c 2065 ext2/3/4, FAT, e\n+00007f90: 7846 4154 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 4846 532c xFAT, F2FS, HFS,\n+00007fa0: 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 640a 2020 uncompressed. \n+00007fb0: 2020 2048 4653 2b2c 2049 534f 3936 3630 HFS+, ISO9660\n+00007fc0: 2c20 4a46 532c 204d 696e 6978 2c20 4d69 , JFS, Minix, Mi\n+00007fd0: 6e69 7832 2c20 4d69 6e69 7833 2c20 4e49 nix2, Minix3, NI\n+00007fe0: 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 2c20 5265 6973 LFS2, NTFS, Reis\n+00007ff0: 6572 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2052 4f4d 4653 erFS,. ROMFS\n+00008000: 2c20 5346 532c 2074 6172 2c20 5544 462c , SFS, tar, UDF,\n+00008010: 2055 4653 312c 2055 4653 322c 2058 4653 UFS1, UFS2, XFS\n+00008020: 0a0a 2020 204d 4252 2067 6170 2068 6173 .. MBR gap has\n+00008030: 2066 6577 2074 6563 686e 6963 616c 2070 few technical p\n+00008040: 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 5468 6572 6520 roblems. There \n+00008050: 6973 206e 6f20 7761 7920 746f 2072 6573 is no way to res\n+00008060: 6572 7665 2073 7061 6365 0a69 6e20 7468 erve space.in th\n+00008070: 6520 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 e embedding area\n+00008080: 2077 6974 6820 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 2073 with complete s\n+00008090: 6166 6574 792c 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 afety, and some \n+000080a0: 7072 6f70 7269 6574 6172 790a 736f 6674 proprietary.soft\n+000080b0: 7761 7265 2069 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f ware is known to\n+000080c0: 2075 7365 2069 7420 746f 206d 616b 6520 use it to make \n+000080d0: 6974 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2066 6f72 it difficult for\n+000080e0: 2075 7365 7273 2074 6f20 776f 726b 0a61 users to work.a\n+000080f0: 726f 756e 6420 6c69 6365 6e73 696e 6720 round licensing \n+00008100: 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 2047 restrictions. G\n+00008110: 5255 4220 776f 726b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 RUB works around\n+00008120: 2069 7420 6279 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 it by detecting\n+00008130: 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2062 7920 6f74 6865 .sectors by othe\n+00008140: 7220 736f 6674 7761 7265 2061 6e64 2061 r software and a\n+00008150: 766f 6964 696e 6720 7468 656d 2061 6e64 voiding them and\n+00008160: 2070 726f 7465 6374 696e 6720 6974 7320 protecting its \n+00008170: 6f77 6e0a 7365 6374 6f72 7320 7573 696e own.sectors usin\n+00008180: 6720 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 2065 g Reed-Solomon e\n+00008190: 6e63 6f64 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 ncoding... GRU\n+000081a0: 4220 7465 616d 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 B team recommend\n+000081b0: 7320 6861 7669 6e67 204d 4252 2067 6170 s having MBR gap\n+000081c0: 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 of at least 100\n+000081d0: 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 756c 0 KiB... Shoul\n+000081e0: 6420 6974 206e 6f74 2062 6520 706f 7373 d it not be poss\n+000081f0: 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2068 6173 2073 ible, GRUB has s\n+00008200: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2061 2066 616c upport for a fal\n+00008210: 6c62 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 0a77 lback solution.w\n+00008220: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6865 6176 696c 7920 hich is heavily \n+00008230: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6167 6169 recommended agai\n+00008240: 6e73 742e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 nst. Installing\n+00008250: 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d to a filesystem\n+00008260: 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 4752 5542 means.that GRUB\n+00008270: 2069 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 6c65 2074 is vulnerable t\n+00008280: 6f20 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 2062 6569 o its blocks bei\n+00008290: 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 2061 726f 756e 6420 ng moved around \n+000082a0: 6279 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 6665 by filesystem.fe\n+000082b0: 6174 7572 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 atures such as t\n+000082c0: 6169 6c20 7061 636b 696e 672c 206f 7220 ail packing, or \n+000082d0: 6576 656e 2062 7920 6167 6772 6573 7369 even by aggressi\n+000082e0: 7665 2066 7363 6b0a 696d 706c 656d 656e ve fsck.implemen\n+000082f0: 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6973 tations, so this\n+00008300: 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 6973 2071 7569 approach is qui\n+00008310: 7465 2066 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 616e 6420 te fragile; and \n+00008320: 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 680a 6361 this approach.ca\n+00008330: 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 n only be used i\n+00008340: 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 f the .../boot..\n+00008350: 9920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 . filesystem is \n+00008360: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 736b on the same disk\n+00008370: 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 4249 4f53 2062 that the.BIOS b\n+00008380: 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 oots from, so th\n+00008390: 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e 6f74 at GRUB does not\n+000083a0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 2072 656c 7920 6f6e have to rely on\n+000083b0: 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 4249 4f53 0a64 guessing BIOS.d\n+000083c0: 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e0a 0a20 rive numbers... \n+000083d0: 2020 5468 6520 4752 5542 2064 6576 656c The GRUB devel\n+000083e0: 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 6765 6e65 opment team gene\n+000083f0: 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6473 rally recommends\n+00008400: 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 embedding GRUB \n+00008410: 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 7374 before.the first\n+00008420: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 756e 6c65 partition, unle\n+00008430: 7373 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 ss you have spec\n+00008440: 6961 6c20 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e 7473 ial requirements\n+00008450: 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 740a 656e 7375 . You must.ensu\n+00008460: 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 re that the firs\n+00008470: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 t partition star\n+00008480: 7473 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 3030 ts at least 1000\n+00008490: 204b 6942 2028 3230 3030 2073 6563 746f KiB (2000 secto\n+000084a0: 7273 290a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 rs).from the sta\n+000084b0: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b 3b20 rt of the disk; \n+000084c0: 6f6e 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 736b 732c on modern disks,\n+000084d0: 2069 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2061 2070 it is often a p\n+000084e0: 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 0a61 6476 616e erformance.advan\n+000084f0: 7461 6765 2074 6f20 616c 6967 6e20 7061 tage to align pa\n+00008500: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 6c61 7267 rtitions on larg\n+00008510: 6572 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 7320 616e er boundaries an\n+00008520: 7977 6179 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 6972 yway, so the fir\n+00008530: 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6967 st.partition mig\n+00008540: 6874 2073 7461 7274 2031 204d 6942 2066 ht start 1 MiB f\n+00008550: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 rom the start of\n+00008560: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 4750 540a the disk...GPT.\n+00008570: 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 7765 7220 ===..Some newer \n+00008580: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7573 6520 7468 6520 systems use the \n+00008590: 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 GUID Partition T\n+000085a0: 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2066 6f72 6d61 able (GPT) forma\n+000085b0: 742e 2020 5468 6973 2077 6173 0a73 7065 t. This was.spe\n+000085c0: 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f cified as part o\n+000085d0: 6620 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e73 6962 6c65 f the Extensible\n+000085e0: 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 496e 7465 7266 Firmware Interf\n+000085f0: 6163 6520 2845 4649 292c 2062 7574 2069 ace (EFI), but i\n+00008600: 7420 6361 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 6520 7573 t can.also be us\n+00008610: 6564 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 ed on BIOS platf\n+00008620: 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 7379 7374 656d 2073 orms if system s\n+00008630: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 oftware supports\n+00008640: 2069 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 it; for.example\n+00008650: 2c20 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2047 4e55 2f4c , GRUB and GNU/L\n+00008660: 696e 7578 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 inux can be used\n+00008670: 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 in this configu\n+00008680: 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7468 ration. With.th\n+00008690: 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 7420 6973 is format, it is\n+000086a0: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 6573 possible to res\n+000086b0: 6572 7665 2061 2077 686f 6c65 2070 6172 erve a whole par\n+000086c0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c tition for GRUB,\n+000086d0: 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 .called the BIOS\n+000086e0: 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e Boot Partition.\n+000086f0: 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 GRUB can then \n+00008700: 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f be embedded into\n+00008710: 2074 6861 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 that.partition \n+00008720: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 7269 736b without the risk\n+00008730: 206f 6620 6265 696e 6720 6f76 6572 7772 of being overwr\n+00008740: 6974 7465 6e20 6279 206f 7468 6572 2073 itten by other s\n+00008750: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e 640a 7769 7468 oftware and.with\n+00008760: 6f75 7420 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6169 out being contai\n+00008770: 6e65 6420 696e 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 ned in a filesys\n+00008780: 7465 6d20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 tem which might \n+00008790: 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 730a move its blocks.\n+000087a0: 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e around... When\n+000087b0: 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 4249 4f53 creating a BIOS\n+000087c0: 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 Boot Partition \n+000087d0: 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 2073 7973 7465 6d2c on a GPT system,\n+000087e0: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 you should make\n+000087f0: 0a73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 .sure that it is\n+00008800: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3331 204b 6942 at least 31 KiB\n+00008810: 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 542d in size. (GPT-\n+00008820: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 formatted disks \n+00008830: 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 are not.usually \n+00008840: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 particularly sma\n+00008850: 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 6520 7265 636f 6d6d ll, so we recomm\n+00008860: 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206d 616b end that you mak\n+00008870: 6520 6974 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e e it larger than\n+00008880: 0a74 6865 2062 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 .the bare minimu\n+00008890: 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2031 204d 6942 m, such as 1 MiB\n+000088a0: 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 , to allow plent\n+000088b0: 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 6772 y of room for gr\n+000088c0: 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 7420 owth.).You must \n+000088d0: 616c 736f 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 also make sure t\n+000088e0: 6861 7420 6974 2068 6173 2074 6865 2070 hat it has the p\n+000088f0: 726f 7065 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 roper partition \n+00008900: 7479 7065 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 type. Using.GNU\n+00008910: 2050 6172 7465 642c 2079 6f75 2063 616e Parted, you can\n+00008920: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 7573 696e 6720 set this using \n+00008930: 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 6368 2061 a command such a\n+00008940: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a s the following:\n+00008950: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2070 6172 7465 6420 .. # parted \n+00008960: 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 7420 5041 /dev/DISK set PA\n+00008970: 5254 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 RTITION-NUMBER b\n+00008980: 696f 735f 6772 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 ios_grub on.. \n+00008990: 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2075 7369 6e67 If you are using\n+000089a0: 2067 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 gdisk, set the \n+000089b0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2074 partition type t\n+000089c0: 6f20 e280 9830 7845 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 o ...0xEF02.... \n+000089d0: 2057 6974 680a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e69 With.partitioni\n+000089e0: 6e67 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 ng programs that\n+000089f0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 2073 6574 7469 6e67 require setting\n+00008a00: 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 6469 7265 6374 the GUID direct\n+00008a10: 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 686f 756c 640a 6265 ly, it should.be\n+00008a20: 20e2 8098 3231 3638 3631 3438 2d36 3434 ...21686148-644\n+00008a30: 392d 3665 3666 2d37 3434 6536 3536 3536 9-6e6f-744e65656\n+00008a40: 3434 3534 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4454649...... \n+00008a50: 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 *Caution:* Be ve\n+00008a60: 7279 2063 6172 6566 756c 2077 6869 6368 ry careful which\n+00008a70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 partition you s\n+00008a80: 656c 6563 7421 2020 5768 656e 2047 5255 elect! When GRU\n+00008a90: 420a 6669 6e64 7320 6120 4249 4f53 2042 B.finds a BIOS B\n+00008aa0: 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6475 oot Partition du\n+00008ab0: 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f ring installatio\n+00008ac0: 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d n, it will autom\n+00008ad0: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 atically.overwri\n+00008ae0: 7465 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2069 742e 2020 te part of it. \n+00008af0: 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 Make sure that t\n+00008b00: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 he partition doe\n+00008b10: 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e s not contain an\n+00008b20: 790a 6f74 6865 7220 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f y.other data....\n+00008b30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00008b40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 , Node: Booting\n+00008b50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 , Next: Configu\n+00008b60: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 ration, Prev: I\n+00008b70: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 nstallation, Up\n+00008b80: 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 : Top..5 Booting\n+00008b90: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 .*********..GRUB\n+00008ba0: 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 can load Multib\n+00008bb0: 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 oot-compliant ke\n+00008bc0: 726e 656c 7320 696e 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 rnels in a consi\n+00008bd0: 7374 656e 7420 7761 792c 2062 7574 2066 stent way, but f\n+00008be0: 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 206f 7065 or.some free ope\n+00008bf0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2079 rating systems y\n+00008c00: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2073 ou need to use s\n+00008c10: 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 ome OS-specific \n+00008c20: 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a magic...* Menu:.\n+00008c30: 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 .* General boot \n+00008c40: 6d65 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 methods:: \n+00008c50: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 204f 5365 How to boot OSe\n+00008c60: 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 6765 6e65 s with GRUB gene\n+00008c70: 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b rally.* Loopback\n+00008c80: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 booting:: \n+00008c90: 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 Notes on b\n+00008ca0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 ooting from loop\n+00008cb0: 6261 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 backs.* LVM cach\n+00008cc0: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 e booting:: \n+00008cd0: 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 Notes on b\n+00008ce0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 ooting from LVM \n+00008cf0: 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f cache logical vo\n+00008d00: 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 lume.* OS-specif\n+00008d10: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 ic notes:: \n+00008d20: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 736f Notes on so\n+00008d30: 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 me operating sys\n+00008d40: 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 tems....File: gr\n+00008d50: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00008d60: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 General boot met\n+00008d70: 686f 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f6f hods, Next: Loo\n+00008d80: 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 pback booting, \n+00008d90: 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e31 Up: Booting..5.1\n+00008da0: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 7065 How to boot ope\n+00008db0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d rating systems.=\n 00008dc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n-00008de0: 5542 2068 6173 2074 6872 6565 2064 6973 UB has three dis\n-00008df0: 7469 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f tinct boot metho\n-00008e00: 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f ds: loading an o\n-00008e10: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a perating system.\n-00008e20: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 696e 6720 directly, using \n-00008e30: 6b65 7865 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 kexec from users\n-00008e40: 7061 6365 2c20 616e 6420 6368 6169 6e6c pace, and chainl\n-00008e50: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 oading another.b\n-00008e60: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4765 6e65 ootloader. Gene\n-00008e70: 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 rally speaking, \n-00008e80: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7477 6f20 6172 the first two ar\n-00008e90: 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 6972 6162 6c65 e more desirable\n-00008ea0: 0a62 6563 6175 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e .because you don\n-00008eb0: 2774 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 't need to insta\n-00008ec0: 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f ll or maintain o\n-00008ed0: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther boot loader\n-00008ee0: 7320 616e 640a 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c s and.GRUB is fl\n-00008ef0: 6578 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f exible enough to\n-00008f00: 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 load an operati\n-00008f10: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 ng system from a\n-00008f20: 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 6469 736b n arbitrary.disk\n-00008f30: 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 /partition. How\n-00008f40: 6576 6572 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 ever, chainloadi\n-00008f50: 6e67 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 ng is sometimes \n-00008f60: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6173 2047 5255 required, as GRU\n-00008f70: 420a 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 B.doesn't suppor\n-00008f80: 7420 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f t all existing o\n-00008f90: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-00008fa0: 206e 6174 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 natively...* Me\n-00008fb0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 nu:..* Loading a\n-00008fc0: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n-00008fd0: 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 em directly::.* \n-00008fe0: 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d Kexec::.* Chain-\n-00008ff0: 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c loading::....Fil\n-00009000: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00009010: 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 ode: Loading an \n-00009020: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00009030: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2020 4e65 7874 directly, Next\n-00009040: 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 : Kexec, Up: Ge\n-00009050: 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f neral boot metho\n-00009060: 6473 0a0a 352e 312e 3120 486f 7720 746f ds..5.1.1 How to\n-00009070: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 204f 5320 6469 7265 boot an OS dire\n-00009080: 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 0a2d ctly with GRUB.-\n-00009090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00008de0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 2074 6872 6565 ..GRUB has three\n+00008df0: 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 206d distinct boot m\n+00008e00: 6574 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 ethods: loading \n+00008e10: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n+00008e20: 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 tem.directly, us\n+00008e30: 696e 6720 6b65 7865 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 ing kexec from u\n+00008e40: 7365 7273 7061 6365 2c20 616e 6420 6368 serspace, and ch\n+00008e50: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 ainloading anoth\n+00008e60: 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 er.bootloader. \n+00008e70: 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 6b69 Generally speaki\n+00008e80: 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7477 ng, the first tw\n+00008e90: 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 6972 o are more desir\n+00008ea0: 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 7365 2079 6f75 able.because you\n+00008eb0: 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 don't need to i\n+00008ec0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 696e 7461 nstall or mainta\n+00008ed0: 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f in other boot lo\n+00008ee0: 6164 6572 7320 616e 640a 4752 5542 2069 aders and.GRUB i\n+00008ef0: 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 s flexible enoug\n+00008f00: 6820 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f 7065 h to load an ope\n+00008f10: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6672 rating system fr\n+00008f20: 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a om an arbitrary.\n+00008f30: 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 disk/partition. \n+00008f40: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c However, chainl\n+00008f50: 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 oading is someti\n+00008f60: 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6173 mes required, as\n+00008f70: 2047 5255 420a 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 GRUB.doesn't su\n+00008f80: 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 pport all existi\n+00008f90: 6e67 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ng operating sys\n+00008fa0: 7465 6d73 206e 6174 6976 656c 792e 0a0a tems natively...\n+00008fb0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c 6f61 6469 * Menu:..* Loadi\n+00008fc0: 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ng an operating \n+00008fd0: 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a system directly:\n+00008fe0: 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a 2a20 4368 :.* Kexec::.* Ch\n+00008ff0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a0a 0a1f ain-loading::...\n+00009000: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00009010: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 , Node: Loading\n+00009020: 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 an operating sy\n+00009030: 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2020 stem directly, \n+00009040: 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 5570 Next: Kexec, Up\n+00009050: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d : General boot m\n+00009060: 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e 3120 486f ethods..5.1.1 Ho\n+00009070: 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 204f 5320 w to boot an OS \n+00009080: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6820 4752 directly with GR\n+00009090: 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d UB.-------------\n 000090a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 ---------..Multi\n-000090c0: 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 boot (*note Mult\n-000090d0: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n-000090e0: 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 ion: (multiboot)\n-000090f0: 546f 702e 2920 6973 2074 6865 206e 6174 Top.) is the nat\n-00009100: 6976 650a 666f 726d 6174 2073 7570 706f ive.format suppo\n-00009110: 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2e20 466f rted by GRUB. Fo\n-00009120: 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 636f r the sake of co\n-00009130: 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2074 6865 7265 nvenience, there\n-00009140: 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a73 7570 706f 7274 is also.support\n-00009150: 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 2c20 4672 6565 for Linux, Free\n-00009160: 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 4420 616e 6420 BSD, NetBSD and \n-00009170: 4f70 656e 4253 442e 2049 6620 796f 7520 OpenBSD. If you \n-00009180: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 want to boot.oth\n-00009190: 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 er operating sys\n-000091a0: 7465 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 tems, you will h\n-000091b0: 6176 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 ave to chain-loa\n-000091c0: 6420 7468 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 d them (*note.Ch\n-000091d0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a ain-loading::)..\n-000091e0: 0a20 2020 4649 584d 453a 2074 6869 7320 . FIXME: this \n-000091f0: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d section is incom\n-00009200: 706c 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 756e plete... 1. Run\n-00009210: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 the command ...\n-00009220: 626f 6f74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 boot... (*note b\n-00009230: 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 oot::)... Howe\n-00009240: 7665 722c 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 696e ver, DOS and Win\n-00009250: 646f 7773 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2064 dows have some d\n-00009260: 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 6f20 eficiencies, so \n-00009270: 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 6861 7665 2074 you might have t\n-00009280: 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c o.use more compl\n-00009290: 6963 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 icated instructi\n-000092a0: 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f 532f ons. *Note DOS/\n-000092b0: 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d Windows::, for m\n-000092c0: 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore.information.\n-000092d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000092e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 nfo, Node: Kexe\n-000092f0: 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d c, Next: Chain-\n-00009300: 6c6f 6164 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 loading, Prev: \n-00009310: 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 Loading an opera\n-00009320: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 ting system dire\n-00009330: 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 ctly, Up: Gener\n-00009340: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a al boot methods.\n-00009350: 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 6563 2077 6974 .5.1.2 Kexec wit\n-00009360: 6820 6772 7562 322d 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d h grub2-emu.----\n+000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d -------------..M\n+000090c0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ultiboot (*note \n+000090d0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n+000090e0: 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 ication: (multib\n+000090f0: 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 2920 6973 2074 6865 oot)Top.) is the\n+00009100: 206e 6174 6976 650a 666f 726d 6174 2073 native.format s\n+00009110: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 upported by GRUB\n+00009120: 2e20 466f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f . For the sake o\n+00009130: 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2074 f convenience, t\n+00009140: 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a73 7570 here is also.sup\n+00009150: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 2c20 port for Linux, \n+00009160: 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 4420 FreeBSD, NetBSD \n+00009170: 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 442e 2049 6620 and OpenBSD. If \n+00009180: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 you want to boot\n+00009190: 0a6f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 .other operating\n+000091a0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 7769 systems, you wi\n+000091b0: 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e ll have to chain\n+000091c0: 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 -load them (*not\n+000091d0: 650a 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a e.Chain-loading:\n+000091e0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 584d 453a 2074 :)... FIXME: t\n+000091f0: 6869 7320 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2069 his section is i\n+00009200: 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 312e ncomplete... 1.\n+00009210: 2052 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 Run the command\n+00009220: 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ...boot... (*no\n+00009230: 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 te boot::)... \n+00009240: 486f 7765 7665 722c 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 However, DOS and\n+00009250: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2068 6176 6520 736f Windows have so\n+00009260: 6d65 2064 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c me deficiencies,\n+00009270: 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 6861 so you might ha\n+00009280: 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 ve to.use more c\n+00009290: 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7472 omplicated instr\n+000092a0: 7563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 uctions. *Note \n+000092b0: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 DOS/Windows::, f\n+000092c0: 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more.informat\n+000092d0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+000092e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000092f0: 4b65 7865 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 Kexec, Next: Ch\n+00009300: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 672c 2020 5072 ain-loading, Pr\n+00009310: 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f ev: Loading an o\n+00009320: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n+00009330: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 703a 2047 directly, Up: G\n+00009340: 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 eneral boot meth\n+00009350: 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 6563 ods..5.1.2 Kexec\n+00009360: 2077 6974 6820 6772 7562 322d 656d 750a with grub2-emu.\n 00009370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e ------..GRUB can\n-00009390: 2062 6520 7275 6e20 696e 2075 7365 7273 be run in users\n-000093a0: 7061 6365 2062 7920 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 pace by invoking\n-000093b0: 2074 6865 2067 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 the grub2-emu t\n-000093c0: 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 ool. It will.re\n-000093d0: 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ad all configura\n-000093e0: 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 7320 tion scripts as \n-000093f0: 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 if booting direc\n-00009400: 746c 7920 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 204c tly (see *note L\n-00009410: 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 oading.an operat\n-00009420: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 ing system direc\n-00009430: 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 6820 7468 tly::). With th\n-00009440: 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 e ...--kexec... \n-00009450: 666c 6167 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 7865 6328 flag, and kexec(\n-00009460: 3829 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 726f 6d20 8).support from \n-00009470: 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 the operating sy\n-00009480: 7374 656d 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e stem, the ...lin\n-00009490: 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 ux... command wi\n-000094a0: 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 626f 6f74 ll directly.boot\n-000094b0: 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 696d 6167 the target imag\n-000094c0: 652e 2020 466f 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 e. For systems \n-000094d0: 7468 6174 206c 6163 6b20 776f 726b 696e that lack workin\n-000094e0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 g systemctl(1).s\n-000094f0: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 206b 6578 6563 upport for kexec\n-00009500: 2c20 7061 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 , passing the ..\n-00009510: 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 .--kexec... flag\n-00009520: 2074 7769 6365 2077 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c twice will fall\n-00009530: 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 back to.invoking\n-00009540: 206b 6578 6563 2838 2920 6469 7265 6374 kexec(8) direct\n-00009550: 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 6576 6572 ly; note however\n-00009560: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2066 616c 6c62 that this fallb\n-00009570: 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 ack may be.unsaf\n-00009580: 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 7265 6164 2d6f e outside read-o\n-00009590: 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 nly environments\n-000095a0: 2c20 6173 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 , as it does not\n-000095b0: 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 646f 776e invoke shutdown\n-000095c0: 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 .machinery.....F\n-000095d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000095e0: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 Node: Chain-loa\n-000095f0: 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204b 6578 ding, Prev: Kex\n-00009600: 6563 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c ec, Up: General\n-00009610: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 boot methods..5\n-00009620: 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 .1.3 Chain-loadi\n-00009630: 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ng an OS.-------\n+00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 ----------..GRUB\n+00009390: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7275 6e20 696e 2075 can be run in u\n+000093a0: 7365 7273 7061 6365 2062 7920 696e 766f serspace by invo\n+000093b0: 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 2067 7275 6232 2d65 king the grub2-e\n+000093c0: 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 696c mu tool. It wil\n+000093d0: 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 l.read all confi\n+000093e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 7473 guration scripts\n+000093f0: 2061 7320 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 as if booting d\n+00009400: 6972 6563 746c 7920 2873 6565 202a 6e6f irectly (see *no\n+00009410: 7465 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 te Loading.an op\n+00009420: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 erating system d\n+00009430: 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 irectly::). Wit\n+00009440: 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 h the ...--kexec\n+00009450: e280 9920 666c 6167 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 ... flag, and ke\n+00009460: 7865 6328 3829 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 xec(8).support f\n+00009470: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e rom the operatin\n+00009480: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 6520 e280 g system, the ..\n+00009490: 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e .linux... comman\n+000094a0: 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a d will directly.\n+000094b0: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 boot the target \n+000094c0: 696d 6167 652e 2020 466f 7220 7379 7374 image. For syst\n+000094d0: 656d 7320 7468 6174 206c 6163 6b20 776f ems that lack wo\n+000094e0: 726b 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 6374 6c28 rking systemctl(\n+000094f0: 3129 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 206b 1).support for k\n+00009500: 6578 6563 2c20 7061 7373 696e 6720 7468 exec, passing th\n+00009510: 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 e ...--kexec... \n+00009520: 666c 6167 2074 7769 6365 2077 696c 6c20 flag twice will \n+00009530: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 696e 766f fallback to.invo\n+00009540: 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 6563 2838 2920 6469 king kexec(8) di\n+00009550: 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 rectly; note how\n+00009560: 6576 6572 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2066 ever that this f\n+00009570: 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 allback may be.u\n+00009580: 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 7265 nsafe outside re\n+00009590: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ad-only environm\n+000095a0: 656e 7473 2c20 6173 2069 7420 646f 6573 ents, as it does\n+000095b0: 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 not invoke shut\n+000095c0: 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a down.machinery..\n+000095d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000095e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e fo, Node: Chain\n+000095f0: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a -loading, Prev:\n+00009600: 204b 6578 6563 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e Kexec, Up: Gen\n+00009610: 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 eral boot method\n+00009620: 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 696e 2d6c s..5.1.3 Chain-l\n+00009630: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d oading an OS.---\n 00009640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009650: 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 --..Operating sy\n-00009660: 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f stems that do no\n-00009670: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 t support Multib\n-00009680: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 2068 oot and do not h\n-00009690: 6176 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a73 7570 ave specific.sup\n-000096a0: 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 7370 port in GRUB (sp\n-000096b0: 6563 6966 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 ecific support i\n-000096c0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 s available for \n-000096d0: 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 2c0a Linux, FreeBSD,.\n-000096e0: 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 NetBSD and OpenB\n-000096f0: 5344 2920 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6368 6169 SD) must be chai\n-00009700: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 7768 6963 6820 n-loaded, which \n-00009710: 696e 766f 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 involves loading\n-00009720: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f another.boot lo\n-00009730: 6164 6572 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7069 6e67 ader and jumping\n-00009740: 2074 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 7265 616c 206d to it in real m\n-00009750: 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 6961 2074 6865 2066 ode or via the f\n-00009760: 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 irmware... The\n-00009770: 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 ...chainloader.\n-00009780: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n-00009790: 6520 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 e chainloader::)\n-000097a0: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 is used to set \n-000097b0: 7468 6973 0a75 702e 2020 4974 2069 7320 this.up. It is \n-000097c0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 normally also ne\n-000097d0: 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 cessary to load \n-000097e0: 736f 6d65 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 some GRUB module\n-000097f0: 7320 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a 6170 s and set the.ap\n-00009800: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 726f 6f74 2064 propriate root d\n-00009810: 6576 6963 652e 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 evice. Putting \n-00009820: 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2077 this together, w\n-00009830: 6520 6765 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 e get something \n-00009840: 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6f72 2061 like.this, for a\n-00009850: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2073 7973 7465 6d20 Windows system \n-00009860: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 on the first par\n-00009870: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 tition of the fi\n-00009880: 7273 7420 6861 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a rst hard.disk:..\n-00009890: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2257 696e 646f menuentry \"Windo\n-000098a0: 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 ws\" {..insmod ch\n-000098b0: 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 ain..insmod ntfs\n-000098c0: 0a09 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c ..set root=(hd0,\n-000098d0: 3129 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 1)..chainloader \n-000098e0: 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7379 7374 +1.}.. On syst\n-000098f0: 656d 7320 7769 7468 206d 756c 7469 706c ems with multipl\n-00009900: 6520 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 616e e hard disks, an\n-00009910: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 776f 726b additional work\n-00009920: 6172 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 2062 650a 7265 around may be.re\n-00009930: 7175 6972 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 quired. *Note D\n-00009940: 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 OS/Windows::... \n-00009950: 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 Chain-loading \n-00009960: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 is only supporte\n-00009970: 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 d on PC BIOS and\n-00009980: 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a EFI platforms..\n-00009990: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000099a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 fo, Node: Loopb\n-000099b0: 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 ack booting, Ne\n-000099c0: 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f xt: LVM cache bo\n-000099d0: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4765 oting, Prev: Ge\n-000099e0: 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f neral boot metho\n-000099f0: 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 ds, Up: Booting\n-00009a00: 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 ..5.2 Loopback b\n-00009a10: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ooting.=========\n-00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 ===========..GRU\n-00009a30: 4220 6973 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 B is able to rea\n-00009a40: 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 d from an image \n-00009a50: 2862 6520 6974 206f 6e65 206f 6620 4344 (be it one of CD\n-00009a60: 206f 7220 4844 4429 2073 746f 7265 6420 or HDD) stored \n-00009a70: 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 6163 on.any of its ac\n-00009a80: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 746f 7261 6765 cessible storage\n-00009a90: 7320 2872 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 s (refer to *not\n-00009aa0: 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d e loopback:: com\n-00009ab0: 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 2074 mand)..However t\n-00009ac0: 6865 204f 5320 6974 7365 6c66 2073 686f he OS itself sho\n-00009ad0: 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2066 uld be able to f\n-00009ae0: 696e 6420 6974 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 ind its root. T\n-00009af0: 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 696e 766f his usually.invo\n-00009b00: 6c76 6573 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 lves running a u\n-00009b10: 7365 7273 7061 6365 2070 726f 6772 616d serspace program\n-00009b20: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 6520 running before \n-00009b30: 7468 6520 7265 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 the real root is\n-00009b40: 0a64 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 5468 .discovered. Th\n-00009b50: 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 is is achieved b\n-00009b60: 7920 4752 5542 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 y GRUB loading a\n-00009b70: 2073 7065 6369 616c 6c79 206d 6164 6520 specially made \n-00009b80: 736d 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 small.image and \n-00009b90: 7061 7373 696e 6720 6974 2061 7320 7261 passing it as ra\n-00009ba0: 6d64 6973 6b20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 mdisk to the ker\n-00009bb0: 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 nel. This is ac\n-00009bc0: 6869 6576 6564 2062 790a 636f 6d6d 616e hieved by.comman\n-00009bd0: 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d ds ...kfreebsd_m\n-00009be0: 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 odule..., ...kne\n-00009bf0: 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 tbsd_module_elf.\n-00009c00: 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f .., ...kopenbsd_\n-00009c10: 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 9869 ramdisk...,....i\n-00009c20: 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 nitrd... (*note \n-00009c30: 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 696e initrd::), ...in\n-00009c40: 6974 7264 3136 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 itrd16... (*note\n-00009c50: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 initrd16::),...\n-00009c60: 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c .multiboot_modul\n-00009c70: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f e..., ...multibo\n-00009c80: 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 ot2_module... or\n-00009c90: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 ...xnu_ramdisk.\n-00009ca0: 8099 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a .. depending on.\n-00009cb0: 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 the loader. Not\n-00009cc0: 6520 7468 6174 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 e that for knetb\n-00009cd0: 7364 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 206d 7573 sd the image mus\n-00009ce0: 7420 6265 2070 7574 2069 6e73 6964 650a t be put inside.\n-00009cf0: 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e miniroot.kmod an\n-00009d00: 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 d the whole mini\n-00009d10: 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 746f root.kmod has to\n-00009d20: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 be loaded. In \n-00009d30: 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 kopenbsd.payload\n-00009d40: 2074 6869 7320 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 this is disable\n-00009d50: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 d by default. A\n-00009d60: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 dditionally, beh\n-00009d70: 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 696e 6974 6961 aviour of initia\n-00009d80: 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 l.ramdisk depend\n-00009d90: 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e s on command lin\n-00009da0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7665 e options. Seve\n-00009db0: 7261 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 ral distributors\n-00009dc0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 provide.the ima\n-00009dd0: 6765 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7075 7270 ge for this purp\n-00009de0: 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 7427 7320 696e 7465 ose or it's inte\n-00009df0: 6772 6174 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 grated in their \n-00009e00: 7374 616e 6461 7264 2072 616d 6469 736b standard ramdisk\n-00009e10: 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2062 .and activated b\n-00009e20: 7920 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e y special option\n-00009e30: 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 . Consult your \n-00009e40: 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 kernel and distr\n-00009e50: 6962 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 ibution.manual f\n-00009e60: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e or more details.\n-00009e70: 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 Other loaders \n-00009e80: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c 6f61 like ...appleloa\n-00009e90: 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 9863 6861 696e der...,....chain\n-00009ea0: 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2842 494f 532c loader... (BIOS,\n-00009eb0: 2045 4649 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 292c EFI, coreboot),\n-00009ec0: 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 ...freedos..., \n-00009ed0: e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ...ntldr..., ...\n-00009ee0: 706c 616e 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 plan9... and....\n-00009ef0: 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 2070 726f truecrypt... pro\n-00009f00: 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 696c vide no possibil\n-00009f10: 6974 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 ity of loading i\n-00009f20: 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 2061 nitial ramdisk a\n-00009f30: 6e64 2061 7320 6661 720a 6173 2061 7574 nd as far.as aut\n-00009f40: 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 6865 hor is aware the\n-00009f50: 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 2071 7565 payloads in que\n-00009f60: 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 7070 stion don't supp\n-00009f70: 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 7469 ort either initi\n-00009f80: 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 6469 al.ramdisk or di\n-00009f90: 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 scovering loopba\n-00009fa0: 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 6572 ck boot in other\n-00009fb0: 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 6368 way and as such\n-00009fc0: 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 7468 not.bootable th\n-00009fd0: 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 is way. Please \n-00009fe0: 636f 6e73 6964 6572 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 consider alterna\n-00009ff0: 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 tive boot method\n-0000a000: 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 s like.copying a\n-0000a010: 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ll files from th\n-0000a020: 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 7561 e image to actua\n-0000a030: 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 436f l partition. Co\n-0000a040: 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f 530a 646f nsult your OS.do\n-0000a050: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 cumentation for \n-0000a060: 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f more details....\n-0000a070: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0000a080: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 564d 2063 6163 , Node: LVM cac\n-0000a090: 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 he booting, Nex\n-0000a0a0: 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e t: OS-specific n\n-0000a0b0: 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f6f otes, Prev: Loo\n-0000a0c0: 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 pback booting, \n-0000a0d0: 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 Up: Booting..5.3\n-0000a0e0: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 Booting from LV\n-0000a0f0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n-0000a100: 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d volume.=========\n+00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 696e ------..Operatin\n+00009660: 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 2064 g systems that d\n+00009670: 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 o not support Mu\n+00009680: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 646f 206e ltiboot and do n\n+00009690: 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 ot have specific\n+000096a0: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 5542 .support in GRUB\n+000096b0: 2028 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 7570 706f (specific suppo\n+000096c0: 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 rt is available \n+000096d0: 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 for Linux, FreeB\n+000096e0: 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f SD,.NetBSD and O\n+000096f0: 7065 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 7374 2062 6520 penBSD) must be \n+00009700: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 7768 chain-loaded, wh\n+00009710: 6963 6820 696e 766f 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 ich involves loa\n+00009720: 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f ding another.boo\n+00009730: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 206a 756d t loader and jum\n+00009740: 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 7265 ping to it in re\n+00009750: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 6961 2074 al mode or via t\n+00009760: 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 he firmware... \n+00009770: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 The ...chainloa\n+00009780: 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 der... command (\n+00009790: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 *note chainloade\n+000097a0: 723a 3a29 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 r::) is used to \n+000097b0: 7365 7420 7468 6973 0a75 702e 2020 4974 set this.up. It\n+000097c0: 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 is normally als\n+000097d0: 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 206c o necessary to l\n+000097e0: 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 2047 5255 4220 6d6f oad some GRUB mo\n+000097f0: 6475 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 dules and set th\n+00009800: 650a 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 726f e.appropriate ro\n+00009810: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5075 7474 ot device. Putt\n+00009820: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 ing this togethe\n+00009830: 722c 2077 6520 6765 7420 736f 6d65 7468 r, we get someth\n+00009840: 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 732c 2066 ing like.this, f\n+00009850: 6f72 2061 2057 696e 646f 7773 2073 7973 or a Windows sys\n+00009860: 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 tem on the first\n+00009870: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 partition of th\n+00009880: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 0a64 6973 e first hard.dis\n+00009890: 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2257 k:..menuentry \"W\n+000098a0: 696e 646f 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f indows\" {..insmo\n+000098b0: 6420 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 d chain..insmod \n+000098c0: 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 ntfs..set root=(\n+000098d0: 6864 302c 3129 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 hd0,1)..chainloa\n+000098e0: 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 der +1.}.. On \n+000098f0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 206d 756c systems with mul\n+00009900: 7469 706c 6520 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b73 tiple hard disks\n+00009910: 2c20 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 , an additional \n+00009920: 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 2062 workaround may b\n+00009930: 650a 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f e.required. *No\n+00009940: 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a te DOS/Windows::\n+00009950: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 ... Chain-load\n+00009960: 696e 6720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 ing is only supp\n+00009970: 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 orted on PC BIOS\n+00009980: 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 and EFI platfor\n+00009990: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n+000099a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n+000099b0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c oopback booting,\n+000099c0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 Next: LVM cach\n+000099d0: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 e booting, Prev\n+000099e0: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d : General boot m\n+000099f0: 6574 686f 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f ethods, Up: Boo\n+00009a00: 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 ting..5.2 Loopba\n+00009a10: 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ck booting.=====\n+00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00009a30: 0a47 5255 4220 6973 2061 626c 6520 746f .GRUB is able to\n+00009a40: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d read from an im\n+00009a50: 6167 6520 2862 6520 6974 206f 6e65 206f age (be it one o\n+00009a60: 6620 4344 206f 7220 4844 4429 2073 746f f CD or HDD) sto\n+00009a70: 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 6974 red on.any of it\n+00009a80: 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 746f s accessible sto\n+00009a90: 7261 6765 7320 2872 6566 6572 2074 6f20 rages (refer to \n+00009aa0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a *note loopback::\n+00009ab0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 command)..Howev\n+00009ac0: 6572 2074 6865 204f 5320 6974 7365 6c66 er the OS itself\n+00009ad0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 should be able \n+00009ae0: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 726f 6f74 to find its root\n+00009af0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a . This usually.\n+00009b00: 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 involves running\n+00009b10: 2061 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2070 726f a userspace pro\n+00009b20: 6772 616d 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 gram running bef\n+00009b30: 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7265 616c 2072 6f6f ore the real roo\n+00009b40: 7420 6973 0a64 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e t is.discovered.\n+00009b50: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 This is achiev\n+00009b60: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 206c 6f61 6469 ed by GRUB loadi\n+00009b70: 6e67 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 6c79 206d ng a specially m\n+00009b80: 6164 6520 736d 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 ade small.image \n+00009b90: 616e 6420 7061 7373 696e 6720 6974 2061 and passing it a\n+00009ba0: 7320 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 746f 2074 6865 s ramdisk to the\n+00009bb0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 kernel. This i\n+00009bc0: 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 790a 636f s achieved by.co\n+00009bd0: 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 mmands ...kfreeb\n+00009be0: 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 sd_module..., ..\n+00009bf0: 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f .knetbsd_module_\n+00009c00: 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 656e elf..., ...kopen\n+00009c10: 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a bsd_ramdisk...,.\n+00009c20: e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...initrd... (*n\n+00009c30: 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 ote initrd::), .\n+00009c40: 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 9920 282a ..initrd16... (*\n+00009c50: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 note initrd16::)\n+00009c60: 2c0a e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d ,....multiboot_m\n+00009c70: 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 756c odule..., ...mul\n+00009c80: 7469 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 tiboot2_module..\n+00009c90: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 . or ...xnu_ramd\n+00009ca0: 6973 6be2 8099 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 isk... depending\n+00009cb0: 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 on.the loader. \n+00009cc0: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2066 6f72 206b Note that for k\n+00009cd0: 6e65 7462 7364 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 netbsd the image\n+00009ce0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 7574 2069 6e73 must be put ins\n+00009cf0: 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f ide.miniroot.kmo\n+00009d00: 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 d and the whole \n+00009d10: 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 miniroot.kmod ha\n+00009d20: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 s to be loaded. \n+00009d30: 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 In kopenbsd.pay\n+00009d40: 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 7320 6973 2064 6973 load this is dis\n+00009d50: 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 abled by default\n+00009d60: 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c . Additionally,\n+00009d70: 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 696e behaviour of in\n+00009d80: 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 itial.ramdisk de\n+00009d90: 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 pends on command\n+00009da0: 206c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 line options. \n+00009db0: 5365 7665 7261 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 Several distribu\n+00009dc0: 746f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 0a74 6865 tors provide.the\n+00009dd0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 image for this \n+00009de0: 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 7427 7320 purpose or it's \n+00009df0: 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 2069 6e20 7468 integrated in th\n+00009e00: 6569 7220 7374 616e 6461 7264 2072 616d eir standard ram\n+00009e10: 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 6976 6174 disk.and activat\n+00009e20: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 ed by special op\n+00009e30: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 tion. Consult y\n+00009e40: 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2064 our kernel and d\n+00009e50: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 istribution.manu\n+00009e60: 616c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 al for more deta\n+00009e70: 696c 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 ils. Other load\n+00009e80: 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 706c ers like ...appl\n+00009e90: 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 9863 eloader...,....c\n+00009ea0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2842 hainloader... (B\n+00009eb0: 494f 532c 2045 4649 2c20 636f 7265 626f IOS, EFI, corebo\n+00009ec0: 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 ot), ...freedos.\n+00009ed0: 8099 2c20 e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 992c .., ...ntldr...,\n+00009ee0: 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 ...plan9... and\n+00009ef0: 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 ....truecrypt...\n+00009f00: 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 provide no poss\n+00009f10: 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 ibility of loadi\n+00009f20: 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 ng initial ramdi\n+00009f30: 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 720a 6173 sk and as far.as\n+00009f40: 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 author is aware\n+00009f50: 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e the payloads in\n+00009f60: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 question don't \n+00009f70: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 support either i\n+00009f80: 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b 206f nitial.ramdisk o\n+00009f90: 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f r discovering lo\n+00009fa0: 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206f opback boot in o\n+00009fb0: 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 ther way and as \n+00009fc0: 7375 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c such not.bootabl\n+00009fd0: 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 e this way. Ple\n+00009fe0: 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 2061 6c74 ase consider alt\n+00009ff0: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 ernative boot me\n+0000a000: 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 thods like.copyi\n+0000a010: 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f ng all files fro\n+0000a020: 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 m the image to a\n+0000a030: 6374 7561 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e ctual partition.\n+0000a040: 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f Consult your O\n+0000a050: 530a 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 S.documentation \n+0000a060: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 for more details\n+0000a070: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0000a080: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 564d info, Node: LVM\n+0000a090: 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 cache booting, \n+0000a0a0: 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Next: OS-specif\n+0000a0b0: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a ic notes, Prev:\n+0000a0c0: 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e Loopback bootin\n+0000a0d0: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a g, Up: Booting.\n+0000a0e0: 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f .5.3 Booting fro\n+0000a0f0: 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 m LVM cache logi\n+0000a100: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d cal volume.=====\n 0000a110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0000a120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a130: 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 ..The LVM cache \n-0000a140: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 logical volume i\n-0000a150: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f s the logical vo\n-0000a160: 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 696e 6720 lume consisting \n-0000a170: 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 of the.original \n-0000a180: 616e 6420 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f and the cache po\n-0000a190: 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d ol logical volum\n-0000a1a0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c e. The original\n-0000a1b0: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 is usually on.a\n-0000a1c0: 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e 6420 736c 6f77 larger and slow\n-0000a1d0: 6572 2073 746f 7261 6765 2064 6576 6963 er storage devic\n-0000a1e0: 6520 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 e while the cach\n-0000a1f0: 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 e pool is on a s\n-0000a200: 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 7465 maller.and faste\n-0000a210: 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 6520 7065 7266 r one. The perf\n-0000a220: 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206f ormance of the o\n-0000a230: 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 riginal volume c\n-0000a240: 616e 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 an be improved.b\n-0000a250: 7920 7374 6f72 696e 6720 7468 6520 6672 y storing the fr\n-0000a260: 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6461 equently used da\n-0000a270: 7461 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 ta on the cache \n-0000a280: 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 696c 697a 6520 pool to utilize \n-0000a290: 7468 650a 6772 6561 7465 7220 7065 7266 the.greater perf\n-0000a2a0: 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 6173 7465 ormance of faste\n-0000a2b0: 7220 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 r device... GR\n-0000a2c0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 UB boots from LV\n-0000a2d0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n-0000a2e0: 766f 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 656c 7920 6279 volume merely by\n-0000a2f0: 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 7427 730a 6f72 reading it's.or\n-0000a300: 6967 696e 616c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 iginal logical v\n-0000a310: 6f6c 756d 6520 736f 2074 6861 7420 6469 olume so that di\n-0000a320: 7274 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 6361 6368 rty data in cach\n-0000a330: 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 e pool volume is\n-0000a340: 0a64 6973 7265 6761 7264 6564 2e20 2054 .disregarded. T\n-0000a350: 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2070 726f his is not a pro\n-0000a360: 626c 656d 2066 6f72 2022 7772 6974 6574 blem for \"writet\n-0000a370: 6872 6f75 6768 2220 6361 6368 6520 6d6f hrough\" cache mo\n-0000a380: 6465 2061 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 6573 de as it.ensures\n-0000a390: 2074 6861 7420 616e 7920 6461 7461 2077 that any data w\n-0000a3a0: 7269 7474 656e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 ritten will be s\n-0000a3b0: 746f 7265 6420 626f 7468 206f 6e20 7468 tored both on th\n-0000a3c0: 6520 6361 6368 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a e cache and the.\n-0000a3d0: 6f72 6967 696e 204c 562e 2046 6f72 2074 origin LV. For t\n-0000a3e0: 6865 206f 7468 6572 2063 6163 6865 206d he other cache m\n-0000a3f0: 6f64 6520 2277 7269 7465 6261 636b 222c ode \"writeback\",\n-0000a400: 2077 6869 6368 2064 656c 6179 7320 7772 which delays wr\n-0000a410: 6974 696e 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 iting.from the c\n-0000a420: 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b 2074 ache pool back t\n-0000a430: 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 204c 5620 o the origin LV \n-0000a440: 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 666f 726d to boost perform\n-0000a450: 616e 6365 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a66 ance, GRUB may.f\n-0000a460: 6169 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 2074 ail to boot in t\n-0000a470: 6865 2077 616b 6520 6f66 2061 6363 6964 he wake of accid\n-0000a480: 656e 7461 6c20 706f 7765 7220 6f75 7461 ental power outa\n-0000a490: 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6974 2773 0a69 ge due to it's.i\n-0000a4a0: 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6173 7365 nability to asse\n-0000a4b0: 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2064 mble the cache d\n-0000a4c0: 6576 6963 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e evice for readin\n-0000a4d0: 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2064 g the required d\n-0000a4e0: 6972 7479 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 6674 2062 irty.data left b\n-0000a4f0: 6568 696e 642e 2020 5468 6520 7369 7475 ehind. The situ\n-0000a500: 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696d ation will be im\n-0000a510: 7072 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 2061 6464 proved after add\n-0000a520: 696e 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f 7274 ing full.support\n-0000a530: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 to the LVM cach\n-0000a540: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n-0000a550: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e0a in the future..\n-0000a560: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0000a570: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 532d 7370 fo, Node: OS-sp\n-0000a580: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 ecific notes, P\n-0000a590: 7265 763a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 rev: LVM cache b\n-0000a5a0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f ooting, Up: Boo\n-0000a5b0: 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 536f 6d65 2063 ting..5.4 Some c\n-0000a5c0: 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 7065 aveats on OS-spe\n-0000a5d0: 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 0a3d 3d3d cific issues.===\n-0000a5e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 ====..The LVM ca\n+0000a140: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n+0000a150: 6d65 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 me is the logica\n+0000a160: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 l volume consist\n+0000a170: 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 ing of the.origi\n+0000a180: 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6361 6368 nal and the cach\n+0000a190: 6520 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 e pool logical v\n+0000a1a0: 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6f72 6967 olume. The orig\n+0000a1b0: 696e 616c 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 inal is usually \n+0000a1c0: 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e 6420 on.a larger and \n+0000a1d0: 736c 6f77 6572 2073 746f 7261 6765 2064 slower storage d\n+0000a1e0: 6576 6963 6520 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 evice while the \n+0000a1f0: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e cache pool is on\n+0000a200: 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 a smaller.and f\n+0000a210: 6173 7465 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 6520 aster one. The \n+0000a220: 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 performance of t\n+0000a230: 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 he original volu\n+0000a240: 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 me can be improv\n+0000a250: 6564 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 696e 6720 7468 ed.by storing th\n+0000a260: 6520 6672 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 e frequently use\n+0000a270: 6420 6461 7461 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 d data on the ca\n+0000a280: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 696c che pool to util\n+0000a290: 697a 6520 7468 650a 6772 6561 7465 7220 ize the.greater \n+0000a2a0: 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 performance of f\n+0000a2b0: 6173 7465 7220 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 aster device... \n+0000a2c0: 2020 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f GRUB boots fro\n+0000a2d0: 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 m LVM cache logi\n+0000a2e0: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 656c cal volume merel\n+0000a2f0: 7920 6279 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 7427 y by reading it'\n+0000a300: 730a 6f72 6967 696e 616c 206c 6f67 6963 s.original logic\n+0000a310: 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 736f 2074 6861 al volume so tha\n+0000a320: 7420 6469 7274 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 t dirty data in \n+0000a330: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d cache pool volum\n+0000a340: 6520 6973 0a64 6973 7265 6761 7264 6564 e is.disregarded\n+0000a350: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 . This is not a\n+0000a360: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2066 6f72 2022 7772 problem for \"wr\n+0000a370: 6974 6574 6872 6f75 6768 2220 6361 6368 itethrough\" cach\n+0000a380: 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 e mode as it.ens\n+0000a390: 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 616e 7920 6461 ures that any da\n+0000a3a0: 7461 2077 7269 7474 656e 2077 696c 6c20 ta written will \n+0000a3b0: 6265 2073 746f 7265 6420 626f 7468 206f be stored both o\n+0000a3c0: 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 616e 6420 n the cache and \n+0000a3d0: 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e 204c 562e 2046 the.origin LV. F\n+0000a3e0: 6f72 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 2063 6163 or the other cac\n+0000a3f0: 6865 206d 6f64 6520 2277 7269 7465 6261 he mode \"writeba\n+0000a400: 636b 222c 2077 6869 6368 2064 656c 6179 ck\", which delay\n+0000a410: 7320 7772 6974 696e 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 s writing.from t\n+0000a420: 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 he cache pool ba\n+0000a430: 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e ck to the origin\n+0000a440: 204c 5620 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 LV to boost per\n+0000a450: 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 4752 5542 206d formance, GRUB m\n+0000a460: 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ay.fail to boot \n+0000a470: 696e 2074 6865 2077 616b 6520 6f66 2061 in the wake of a\n+0000a480: 6363 6964 656e 7461 6c20 706f 7765 7220 ccidental power \n+0000a490: 6f75 7461 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6974 outage due to it\n+0000a4a0: 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 's.inability to \n+0000a4b0: 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 2063 6163 assemble the cac\n+0000a4c0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f 7220 7265 he device for re\n+0000a4d0: 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 ading the requir\n+0000a4e0: 6564 2064 6972 7479 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 ed dirty.data le\n+0000a4f0: 6674 2062 6568 696e 642e 2020 5468 6520 ft behind. The \n+0000a500: 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 situation will b\n+0000a510: 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 e improved after\n+0000a520: 2061 6464 696e 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 adding full.sup\n+0000a530: 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 port to the LVM \n+0000a540: 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f cache logical vo\n+0000a550: 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 lume in the futu\n+0000a560: 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 re.....File: gru\n+0000a570: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f b.info, Node: O\n+0000a580: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+0000a590: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 564d 2063 6163 , Prev: LVM cac\n+0000a5a0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a he booting, Up:\n+0000a5b0: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 536f Booting..5.4 So\n+0000a5c0: 6d65 2063 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 me caveats on OS\n+0000a5d0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 -specific issues\n+0000a5e0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 0000a5f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a600: 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 652c 2077 6520 6465 ===..Here, we de\n-0000a610: 7363 7269 6265 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 scribe some cave\n-0000a620: 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f ats on several o\n-0000a630: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-0000a640: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e ...* Menu:..* GN\n-0000a650: 552f 4875 7264 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c U/Hurd::.* GNU/L\n-0000a660: 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 443a inux::.* NetBSD:\n-0000a670: 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a :.* DOS/Windows:\n-0000a680: 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e :....File: grub.\n-0000a690: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 info, Node: GNU\n-0000a6a0: 2f48 7572 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 474e /Hurd, Next: GN\n-0000a6b0: 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 U/Linux, Up: OS\n-0000a6c0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a -specific notes.\n-0000a6d0: 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 640a .5.4.1 GNU/Hurd.\n-0000a6e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0000a6f0: 5369 6e63 6520 474e 552f 4875 7264 2069 Since GNU/Hurd i\n-0000a700: 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 s Multiboot-comp\n-0000a710: 6c69 616e 742c 2069 7420 6973 2065 6173 liant, it is eas\n-0000a720: 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 7468 y to boot it; th\n-0000a730: 6572 6520 6973 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 ere is.nothing s\n-0000a740: 7065 6369 616c 2061 626f 7574 2069 742e pecial about it.\n-0000a750: 2020 4275 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 But do not for\n-0000a760: 6765 7420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2068 6176 get that you hav\n-0000a770: 6520 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 0a72 e to specify a.r\n-0000a780: 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 746f oot partition to\n-0000a790: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2020 the kernel... \n-0000a7a0: 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 1. Set GRUB's ro\n-0000a7b0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 ot device to the\n-0000a7c0: 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 same drive as G\n-0000a7d0: 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 732e 2020 5468 650a NU/Hurd's. The.\n-0000a7e0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 command ...\n-0000a7f0: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n-0000a800: 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 t --file /boot/g\n-0000a810: 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 numach.gz... or \n-0000a820: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 790a 2020 2020 similar may. \n-0000a830: 2068 656c 7020 796f 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 help you (*note\n-0000a840: 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 search::)... 2\n-0000a850: 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 . Load the kerne\n-0000a860: 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 l and the module\n-0000a870: 732c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 s, like this:.. \n-0000a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d grub> m\n-0000a890: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 ultiboot /boot/g\n-0000a8a0: 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 numach.gz root=d\n-0000a8b0: 6576 6963 653a 6864 3073 310a 2020 2020 evice:hd0s1. \n-0000a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 grub> modu\n-0000a8d0: 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 642f 6578 7432 6673 le /hurd/ext2fs\n-0000a8e0: 2e73 7461 7469 6320 6578 7432 6673 202d .static ext2fs -\n-0000a8f0: 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 -readonly \\. \n+0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 652c 2077 =======..Here, w\n+0000a610: 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 2073 6f6d 6520 e describe some \n+0000a620: 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 6576 6572 caveats on sever\n+0000a630: 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 al operating sys\n+0000a640: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a tems...* Menu:..\n+0000a650: 2a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 3a3a 0a2a 2047 * GNU/Hurd::.* G\n+0000a660: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 NU/Linux::.* Net\n+0000a670: 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 BSD::.* DOS/Wind\n+0000a680: 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ows::....File: g\n+0000a690: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0000a6a0: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 4e65 7874 GNU/Hurd, Next\n+0000a6b0: 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 : GNU/Linux, Up\n+0000a6c0: 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f : OS-specific no\n+0000a6d0: 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 4e55 2f48 tes..5.4.1 GNU/H\n+0000a6e0: 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d urd.------------\n+0000a6f0: 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 474e 552f 4875 --..Since GNU/Hu\n+0000a700: 7264 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d rd is Multiboot-\n+0000a710: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 742c 2069 7420 6973 compliant, it is\n+0000a720: 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6974 easy to boot it\n+0000a730: 3b20 7468 6572 6520 6973 0a6e 6f74 6869 ; there is.nothi\n+0000a740: 6e67 2073 7065 6369 616c 2061 626f 7574 ng special about\n+0000a750: 2069 742e 2020 4275 7420 646f 206e 6f74 it. But do not\n+0000a760: 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 forget that you\n+0000a770: 2068 6176 6520 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 have to specify\n+0000a780: 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f a.root partitio\n+0000a790: 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e n to the kernel.\n+0000a7a0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 .. 1. Set GRUB'\n+0000a7b0: 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f s root device to\n+0000a7c0: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 the same drive \n+0000a7d0: 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 732e 2020 as GNU/Hurd's. \n+0000a7e0: 5468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 The. command\n+0000a7f0: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 ...search --set\n+0000a800: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f 626f =root --file /bo\n+0000a810: 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 ot/gnumach.gz...\n+0000a820: 206f 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 790a or similar may.\n+0000a830: 2020 2020 2068 656c 7020 796f 7520 282a help you (*\n+0000a840: 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a note search::)..\n+0000a850: 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b . 2. Load the k\n+0000a860: 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6d6f ernel and the mo\n+0000a870: 6475 6c65 732c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 dules, like this\n+0000a880: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n+0000a890: 623e 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 202f 626f b> multiboot /bo\n+0000a8a0: 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 726f ot/gnumach.gz ro\n+0000a8b0: 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 653a 6864 3073 310a ot=device:hd0s1.\n+0000a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000a8d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 642f 6578 module /hurd/ex\n+0000a8e0: 7432 6673 2e73 7461 7469 6320 6578 7432 t2fs.static ext2\n+0000a8f0: 6673 202d 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a fs --readonly \\.\n 0000a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 --multi\n-0000a920: 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e boot-command-lin\n-0000a930: 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d e='${kernel-comm\n-0000a940: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 and-line}' \\. \n-0000a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 --host\n-0000a970: 2d70 7269 762d 706f 7274 3d27 247b 686f -priv-port='${ho\n-0000a980: 7374 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 st-port}' \\. \n+0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d6d --m\n+0000a920: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ultiboot-command\n+0000a930: 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d -line='${kernel-\n+0000a940: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c command-line}' \\\n+0000a950: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d --\n+0000a970: 686f 7374 2d70 7269 762d 706f 7274 3d27 host-priv-port='\n+0000a980: 247b 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a ${host-port}' \\.\n 0000a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 6576 6963 --devic\n-0000a9b0: 652d 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 e-master-port='$\n-0000a9c0: 7b64 6576 6963 652d 706f 7274 7d27 205c {device-port}' \\\n-0000a9d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d --\n-0000a9f0: 6578 6563 2d73 6572 7665 722d 7461 736b exec-server-task\n-0000aa00: 3d27 247b 6578 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 ='${exec-task}' \n-0000aa10: 2d54 2074 7970 6564 2027 247b 726f 6f74 -T typed '${root\n-0000aa20: 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 }' \\. \n+0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 --d\n+0000a9b0: 6576 6963 652d 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 evice-master-por\n+0000a9c0: 743d 2724 7b64 6576 6963 652d 706f 7274 t='${device-port\n+0000a9d0: 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 }' \\. \n+0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a9f0: 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 6572 7665 722d --exec-server-\n+0000aa00: 7461 736b 3d27 247b 6578 6563 2d74 6173 task='${exec-tas\n+0000aa10: 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 7970 6564 2027 247b k}' -T typed '${\n+0000aa20: 726f 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 root}' \\. \n 0000aa30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa40: 2020 2724 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 '$(task-create\n-0000aa50: 2927 2027 2428 7461 736b 2d72 6573 756d )' '$(task-resum\n-0000aa60: 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 e)'. gr\n-0000aa70: 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 622f ub> module /lib/\n-0000aa80: 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 202f 6875 ld.so.1 exec /hu\n-0000aa90: 7264 2f65 7865 6320 2724 2865 7865 632d rd/exec '$(exec-\n-0000aaa0: 7461 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 task=task-create\n-0000aab0: 2927 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 )'.. 3. Finally\n-0000aac0: 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e , run the comman\n-0000aad0: 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e d ...boot... (*n\n-0000aae0: 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a ote boot::).....\n-0000aaf0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0000ab00: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 Node: GNU/Linu\n-0000ab10: 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 x, Next: NetBSD\n-0000ab20: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 , Prev: GNU/Hur\n-0000ab30: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 d, Up: OS-speci\n-0000ab40: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 fic notes..5.4.2\n-0000ab50: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d GNU/Linux.-----\n-0000ab60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 ----------..It i\n-0000ab70: 7320 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 s relatively eas\n-0000ab80: 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 474e 552f 4c69 y to boot GNU/Li\n-0000ab90: 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422c 2062 nux from GRUB, b\n-0000aba0: 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 736f 6d65 7768 ecause it somewh\n-0000abb0: 6174 0a72 6573 656d 626c 6573 2074 6f20 at.resembles to \n-0000abc0: 626f 6f74 2061 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 boot a Multiboot\n-0000abd0: 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a -compliant OS...\n-0000abe0: 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 1. Set GRUB's \n-0000abf0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 root device to t\n-0000ac00: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 he same drive as\n-0000ac10: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 2e20 2054 GNU/Linux's. T\n-0000ac20: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 he. command \n-0000ac30: e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d ...search --set=\n-0000ac40: 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c root --file /vml\n-0000ac50: 696e 757a e280 9920 6f72 2073 696d 696c inuz... or simil\n-0000ac60: 6172 206d 6179 2068 656c 7020 796f 750a ar may help you.\n-0000ac70: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 (*note sear\n-0000ac80: 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 ch::)... 2. Loa\n-0000ac90: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 d the kernel usi\n-0000aca0: 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 ng the command .\n-0000acb0: 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ..linux... (*not\n-0000acc0: 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 e linux::):.. \n-0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e grub> lin\n-0000ace0: 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 ux /vmlinuz root\n-0000acf0: 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 =/dev/sda1.. \n-0000ad00: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 If you need to \n-0000ad10: 7370 6563 6966 7920 736f 6d65 206b 6572 specify some ker\n-0000ad20: 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 nel parameters, \n-0000ad30: 6a75 7374 2061 7070 656e 6420 7468 656d just append them\n-0000ad40: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6d to. the com\n-0000ad50: 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 mand. For examp\n-0000ad60: 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 20e2 8098 6163 le, to set ...ac\n-0000ad70: 7069 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 pi... to ...off.\n-0000ad80: 8099 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 .., do this:.. \n-0000ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 grub> li\n-0000ada0: 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f nux /vmlinuz roo\n-0000adb0: 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 t=/dev/sda1 acpi\n-0000adc0: 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 2074 =off.. See t\n-0000add0: 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e he documentation\n-0000ade0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 736f in the Linux so\n-0000adf0: 7572 6365 2074 7265 6520 666f 7220 636f urce tree for co\n-0000ae00: 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f mplete. info\n-0000ae10: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 rmation on the a\n-0000ae20: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 vailable options\n-0000ae30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 ... With ...\n-0000ae40: 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 5255 4220 7573 linux... GRUB us\n-0000ae50: 6573 2033 322d 6269 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 es 32-bit protoc\n-0000ae60: 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 2073 ol. Some BIOS s\n-0000ae70: 6572 7669 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 ervices like. \n-0000ae80: 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 2061 7265 APM or EDD are\n-0000ae90: 6e27 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7769 n't available wi\n-0000aea0: 7468 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c th this protocol\n-0000aeb0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 . In this case \n-0000aec0: 796f 750a 2020 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f you. need to\n-0000aed0: 2075 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 use ...linux16.\n-0000aee0: 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 .... gr\n-0000aef0: 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c ub> linux16 /vml\n-0000af00: 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 inuz root=/dev/s\n-0000af10: 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 da1 acpi=off.. \n-0000af20: 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 616e 3. If you use an\n-0000af30: 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2065 7865 6375 7465 initrd, execute\n-0000af40: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 the command ...\n-0000af50: 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 initrd... (*note\n-0000af60: 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 initrd::). \n-0000af70: 6166 7465 7220 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 after ...linux..\n-0000af80: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 .:.. gr\n-0000af90: 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 202f 696e 6974 ub> initrd /init\n-0000afa0: 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 rd.. If you \n-0000afb0: 7573 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 used ...linux16.\n-0000afc0: 8099 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 .. you need to u\n-0000afd0: 7365 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 se ...initrd16..\n-0000afe0: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 .:.. gr\n-0000aff0: 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 3136 202f 696e ub> initrd16 /in\n-0000b000: 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c itrd.. 4. Final\n-0000b010: 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d ly, run the comm\n-0000b020: 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 and ...boot... (\n-0000b030: 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a *note boot::)...\n-0000b040: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0000b050: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 o, Node: NetBSD\n-0000b060: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e , Next: DOS/Win\n-0000b070: 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 dows, Prev: GNU\n-0000b080: 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d /Linux, Up: OS-\n-0000b090: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a specific notes..\n-0000b0a0: 352e 342e 3320 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 5.4.3 NetBSD.---\n-0000b0b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 ---------..Booti\n-0000b0c0: 6e67 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e ng a NetBSD kern\n-0000b0d0: 656c 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2069 7320 el from GRUB is \n-0000b0e0: 616c 736f 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c 7920 also relatively \n-0000b0f0: 6561 7379 3a20 6669 7273 7420 7365 740a easy: first set.\n-0000b100: 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 GRUB's root devi\n-0000b110: 6365 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 ce, then load th\n-0000b120: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 e kernel and the\n-0000b130: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6669 modules, and fi\n-0000b140: 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f nally.run ...boo\n-0000b150: 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 7420 t...... 1. Set \n-0000b160: 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 GRUB's root devi\n-0000b170: 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 ce to the partit\n-0000b180: 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 ion holding the \n-0000b190: 4e65 7442 5344 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 NetBSD root. \n-0000b1a0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 file system. F\n-0000b1b0: 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 2061 or a disk with a\n-0000b1c0: 204e 6574 4253 4420 6469 736b 206c 6162 NetBSD disk lab\n-0000b1d0: 656c 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 el, this is usua\n-0000b1e0: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 lly. the fir\n-0000b1f0: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 613a st partition (a:\n-0000b200: 292e 2020 496e 2074 6861 7420 6361 7365 ). In that case\n-0000b210: 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 , and assuming t\n-0000b220: 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 6172 hat the. par\n-0000b230: 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 tition is on the\n-0000b240: 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b first hard disk\n-0000b250: 2c20 7365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f , set GRUB's roo\n-0000b260: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2061 730a 2020 2020 t device as. \n-0000b270: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 follows:.. \n-0000b280: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f grub> insmo\n-0000b290: 6420 7061 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 2020 d part_bsd. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 grub> set r\n-0000b2b0: 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 oot=(hd0,netbsd1\n-0000b2c0: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 ).. For a di\n-0000b2d0: 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 4755 4944 2050 sk with a GUID P\n-0000b2e0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 artition Table (\n-0000b2f0: 4750 5429 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 GPT), and assumi\n-0000b300: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 ng that the. \n-0000b310: 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f 6f74 2070 6172 NetBSD root par\n-0000b320: 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 6520 7468 tition is the th\n-0000b330: 6972 6420 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f ird GPT partitio\n-0000b340: 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 n, do this:.. \n-0000b350: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 grub> ins\n-0000b360: 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 mod part_gpt. \n-0000b370: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 grub> set\n-0000b380: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3329 root=(hd0,gpt3)\n-0000b390: 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 .. 2. Load the \n-0000b3a0: 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 kernel using the\n-0000b3b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 command ...knet\n-0000b3c0: 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 bsd...:.. \n-0000b3d0: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 grub> knetbsd\n-0000b3e0: 202f 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 /netbsd.. V\n-0000b3f0: 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d arious options m\n-0000b400: 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 ay be given to .\n-0000b410: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 ..knetbsd.... T\n-0000b420: 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 hese options are\n-0000b430: 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d , for. the m\n-0000b440: 6f73 7420 7061 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7361 ost part, the sa\n-0000b450: 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 204e 6574 me as in the Net\n-0000b460: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e BSD boot loader.\n-0000b470: 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 For. insta\n-0000b480: 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 nce, to boot the\n-0000b490: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2073 696e 676c system in singl\n-0000b4a0: 652d 7573 6572 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 e-user mode and \n-0000b4b0: 7769 7468 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 with verbose. \n-0000b4c0: 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 646f 2074 messages, do t\n-0000b4d0: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 his:.. \n-0000b4e0: 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 2f6e grub> knetbsd /n\n-0000b4f0: 6574 6273 6420 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 2033 etbsd -s -v.. 3\n-0000b500: 2e20 4966 206e 6565 6465 642c 206c 6f61 . If needed, loa\n-0000b510: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 d kernel modules\n-0000b520: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e with the comman\n-0000b530: 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 d. ...knetbs\n-0000b540: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 992e d_module_elf....\n-0000b550: 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d A typical exam\n-0000b560: 706c 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c ple is the modul\n-0000b570: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 e for the root. \n-0000b580: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d3a file system:\n-0000b590: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-0000b5a0: 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 > knetbsd_module\n-0000b5b0: 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 616e 642f 616d 6436 _elf /stand/amd6\n-0000b5c0: 342f 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f 6666 4/6.0/modules/ff\n-0000b5d0: 732f 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e s/ffs.kmod.. 4.\n-0000b5e0: 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 Finally, run th\n-0000b5f0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f e command ...boo\n-0000b600: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 t... (*note boot\n-0000b610: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-0000b620: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0000b630: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 5072 DOS/Windows, Pr\n-0000b640: 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2055 703a ev: NetBSD, Up:\n-0000b650: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n-0000b660: 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 444f 532f 5769 es..5.4.4 DOS/Wi\n-0000b670: 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ndows.----------\n-0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6361 -------..GRUB ca\n-0000b690: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 6f72 nnot boot DOS or\n-0000b6a0: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2064 6972 6563 746c Windows directl\n-0000b6b0: 792c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2063 y, so you must c\n-0000b6c0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 0a28 hain-load them.(\n-0000b6d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 *note Chain-load\n-0000b6e0: 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 ing::). However\n-0000b6f0: 2c20 7468 6569 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 , their boot loa\n-0000b700: 6465 7273 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2063 ders have some c\n-0000b710: 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 656e ritical.deficien\n-0000b720: 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 7920 cies, so it may \n-0000b730: 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 not work to just\n-0000b740: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d chain-load them\n-0000b750: 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 . To overcome.t\n-0000b760: 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2047 5255 he problems, GRU\n-0000b770: 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 B provides you w\n-0000b780: 6974 6820 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 2066 ith two helper f\n-0000b790: 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 unctions... If\n-0000b7a0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 696e 7374 616c you have instal\n-0000b7b0: 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 led DOS (or Wind\n-0000b7c0: 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 ows) on a non-fi\n-0000b7d0: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 rst hard disk, y\n-0000b7e0: 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 ou.have to use t\n-0000b7f0: 6865 2064 6973 6b20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 he disk swapping\n-0000b800: 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2c20 6265 6361 technique, beca\n-0000b810: 7573 6520 7468 6174 204f 5320 6361 6e6e use that OS cann\n-0000b820: 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 ot boot.from any\n-0000b830: 2064 6973 6b73 2062 7574 2074 6865 2066 disks but the f\n-0000b840: 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2077 irst one. The w\n-0000b850: 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 7573 6564 2069 orkaround used i\n-0000b860: 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 7468 650a 636f n GRUB is the.co\n-0000b870: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9864 7269 7665 6d61 mmand ...drivema\n-0000b880: 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 p... (*note driv\n-0000b890: 656d 6170 3a3a 292c 206c 696b 6520 7468 emap::), like th\n-0000b8a0: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d is:.. drivem\n-0000b8b0: 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 ap -s (hd0) (hd1\n-0000b8c0: 290a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 6572 666f ).. This perfo\n-0000b8d0: 726d 7320 6120 e280 9c76 6972 7475 616c rms a ...virtual\n-0000b8e0: e280 9d20 7377 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e ... swap between\n-0000b8f0: 2079 6f75 7220 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 your first and \n-0000b900: 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 640a 6472 6976 second hard.driv\n-0000b910: 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a e... *Caution:\n-0000b920: 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 6566 6665 6374 * This is effect\n-0000b930: 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 444f 5320 ive only if DOS \n-0000b940: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 7365 (or Windows) use\n-0000b950: 7320 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 s BIOS to.access\n-0000b960: 2074 6865 2073 7761 7070 6564 2064 6973 the swapped dis\n-0000b970: 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6174 204f 5320 ks. If that OS \n-0000b980: 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 uses a special d\n-0000b990: 7269 7665 7220 666f 7220 7468 650a 6469 river for the.di\n-0000b9a0: 736b 732c 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6162 sks, this probab\n-0000b9b0: 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a ly won't work...\n-0000b9c0: 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 726f 626c Another probl\n-0000b9d0: 656d 2061 7269 7365 7320 6966 2079 6f75 em arises if you\n-0000b9e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 6520 installed more \n-0000b9f0: 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 6574 206f 660a than one set of.\n-0000ba00: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f DOS/Windows onto\n-0000ba10: 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 one disk, becau\n-0000ba20: 7365 2074 6865 7920 636f 756c 6420 6265 se they could be\n-0000ba30: 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 confused if the\n-0000ba40: 7265 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 616e re are.more than\n-0000ba50: 206f 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 one primary par\n-0000ba60: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 444f 532f titions for DOS/\n-0000ba70: 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 4365 7274 6169 Windows. Certai\n-0000ba80: 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 nly you should.a\n-0000ba90: 766f 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c void doing this,\n-0000baa0: 2062 7574 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 but there is a \n-0000bab0: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 796f 7520 solution if you \n-0000bac0: 646f 2077 616e 7420 746f 2064 6f20 736f do want to do so\n-0000bad0: 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 6865 2070 6172 7469 . Use.the parti\n-0000bae0: 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 696e 672f 756e 6869 tion hiding/unhi\n-0000baf0: 6469 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2e0a ding technique..\n-0000bb00: 0a20 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c68 . If GRUB ...h\n-0000bb10: 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f ides... a DOS (o\n-0000bb20: 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 r Windows) parti\n-0000bb30: 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7274 tion (*note part\n-0000bb40: 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 tool::), DOS.(or\n-0000bb50: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 Windows) will i\n-0000bb60: 676e 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 gnore the partit\n-0000bb70: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 ion. If GRUB ..\n-0000bb80: 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f .unhides... a DO\n-0000bb90: 5320 286f 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 S (or.Windows) p\n-0000bba0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 286f artition, DOS (o\n-0000bbb0: 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 r Windows) will \n-0000bbc0: 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 detect the parti\n-0000bbd0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 732c 0a69 6620 tion. Thus,.if \n-0000bbe0: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c you have install\n-0000bbf0: 6564 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f ed DOS (or Windo\n-0000bc00: 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ws) on the first\n-0000bc10: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 640a and the second.\n-0000bc20: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 partition of the\n-0000bc30: 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b first hard disk\n-0000bc40: 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 , and you want t\n-0000bc50: 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7920 o boot the copy \n-0000bc60: 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2070 6172 on the.first par\n-0000bc70: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 6865 2066 tition, do the f\n-0000bc80: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ollowing:.. \n-0000bc90: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3129 parttool (hd0,1)\n-0000bca0: 2068 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 7061 hidden-. pa\n-0000bcb0: 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3229 2068 rttool (hd0,2) h\n-0000bcc0: 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 idden+. set \n-0000bcd0: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 root=(hd0,1). \n-0000bce0: 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 chainloader +1\n-0000bcf0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 . parttool $\n-0000bd00: 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 {root} boot+. \n-0000bd10: 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 boot....File: \n-0000bd20: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0000bd30: 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c : Configuration,\n-0000bd40: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 Next: Theme fi\n-0000bd50: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5072 6576 le format, Prev\n-0000bd60: 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 : Booting, Up: \n-0000bd70: 546f 700a 0a36 2057 7269 7469 6e67 2079 Top..6 Writing y\n-0000bd80: 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 our own configur\n-0000bd90: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a ation file.*****\n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2724 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 '$(task-cr\n+0000aa50: 6561 7465 2927 2027 2428 7461 736b 2d72 eate)' '$(task-r\n+0000aa60: 6573 756d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 esume)'. \n+0000aa70: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f grub> module /\n+0000aa80: 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 lib/ld.so.1 exec\n+0000aa90: 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7865 6320 2724 2865 /hurd/exec '$(e\n+0000aaa0: 7865 632d 7461 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 xec-task=task-cr\n+0000aab0: 6561 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 696e eate)'.. 3. Fin\n+0000aac0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f ally, run the co\n+0000aad0: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 mmand ...boot...\n+0000aae0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e (*note boot::).\n+0000aaf0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0000ab00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 552f nfo, Node: GNU/\n+0000ab10: 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 Linux, Next: Ne\n+0000ab20: 7442 5344 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 tBSD, Prev: GNU\n+0000ab30: 2f48 7572 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 /Hurd, Up: OS-s\n+0000ab40: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 pecific notes..5\n+0000ab50: 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d .4.2 GNU/Linux.-\n+0000ab60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0000ab70: 4974 2069 7320 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 It is relatively\n+0000ab80: 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 474e easy to boot GN\n+0000ab90: 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 U/Linux from GRU\n+0000aba0: 422c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 736f B, because it so\n+0000abb0: 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 6573 656d 626c 6573 mewhat.resembles\n+0000abc0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 204d 756c 7469 to boot a Multi\n+0000abd0: 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 204f boot-compliant O\n+0000abe0: 532e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 S... 1. Set GRU\n+0000abf0: 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 B's root device \n+0000ac00: 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 to the same driv\n+0000ac10: 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 e as GNU/Linux's\n+0000ac20: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d . The. comm\n+0000ac30: 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d and ...search --\n+0000ac40: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 696c 6520 set=root --file \n+0000ac50: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a e280 9920 6f72 2073 /vmlinuz... or s\n+0000ac60: 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 2068 656c 7020 imilar may help \n+0000ac70: 796f 750a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 you. (*note \n+0000ac80: 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e search::)... 2.\n+0000ac90: 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c Load the kernel\n+0000aca0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 using the comma\n+0000acb0: 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 nd ...linux... (\n+0000acc0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a *note linux::):.\n+0000acd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0000ace0: 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 linux /vmlinuz \n+0000acf0: 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a root=/dev/sda1..\n+0000ad00: 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 If you need\n+0000ad10: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 736f 6d65 to specify some\n+0000ad20: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 kernel paramete\n+0000ad30: 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 7070 656e 6420 rs, just append \n+0000ad40: 7468 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 them to. the\n+0000ad50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 command. For e\n+0000ad60: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 20e2 xample, to set .\n+0000ad70: 8098 6163 7069 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 ..acpi... to ...\n+0000ad80: 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a off..., do this:\n+0000ad90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n+0000ada0: 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a > linux /vmlinuz\n+0000adb0: 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 root=/dev/sda1 \n+0000adc0: 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 acpi=off.. S\n+0000add0: 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 ee the documenta\n+0000ade0: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 tion in the Linu\n+0000adf0: 7820 736f 7572 6365 2074 7265 6520 666f x source tree fo\n+0000ae00: 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 r complete. \n+0000ae10: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 information on t\n+0000ae20: 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7074 he available opt\n+0000ae30: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 ions... With\n+0000ae40: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 5255 ...linux... GRU\n+0000ae50: 4220 7573 6573 2033 322d 6269 7420 7072 B uses 32-bit pr\n+0000ae60: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 otocol. Some BI\n+0000ae70: 4f53 2073 6572 7669 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 OS services like\n+0000ae80: 0a20 2020 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 . APM or EDD\n+0000ae90: 2061 7265 6e27 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c aren't availabl\n+0000aea0: 6520 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f74 e with this prot\n+0000aeb0: 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 ocol. In this c\n+0000aec0: 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 206e 6565 ase you. nee\n+0000aed0: 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 d to use ...linu\n+0000aee0: 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 x16..... \n+0000aef0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 grub> linux16 \n+0000af00: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 /vmlinuz root=/d\n+0000af10: 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 ev/sda1 acpi=off\n+0000af20: 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 .. 3. If you us\n+0000af30: 6520 616e 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2065 7865 e an initrd, exe\n+0000af40: 6375 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 cute the command\n+0000af50: 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 282a ...initrd... (*\n+0000af60: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 note initrd::). \n+0000af70: 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 e280 986c 696e after ...lin\n+0000af80: 7578 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux...:.. \n+0000af90: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 202f grub> initrd /\n+0000afa0: 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 initrd.. If \n+0000afb0: 796f 7520 7573 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 you used ...linu\n+0000afc0: 7831 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 x16... you need \n+0000afd0: 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 to use ...initrd\n+0000afe0: 3136 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 16...:.. \n+0000aff0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 3136 grub> initrd16\n+0000b000: 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 /initrd.. 4. F\n+0000b010: 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 inally, run the \n+0000b020: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 command ...boot.\n+0000b030: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a .. (*note boot::\n+0000b040: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+0000b050: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 .info, Node: Ne\n+0000b060: 7442 5344 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 4f53 tBSD, Next: DOS\n+0000b070: 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a /Windows, Prev:\n+0000b080: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a GNU/Linux, Up:\n+0000b090: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n+0000b0a0: 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 4e65 7442 5344 es..5.4.3 NetBSD\n+0000b0b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 .------------..B\n+0000b0c0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 ooting a NetBSD \n+0000b0d0: 6b65 726e 656c 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 kernel from GRUB\n+0000b0e0: 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 656c 6174 6976 is also relativ\n+0000b0f0: 656c 7920 6561 7379 3a20 6669 7273 7420 ely easy: first \n+0000b100: 7365 740a 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 set.GRUB's root \n+0000b110: 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 device, then loa\n+0000b120: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 d the kernel and\n+0000b130: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e the modules, an\n+0000b140: 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 e280 d finally.run ..\n+0000b150: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 .boot...... 1. \n+0000b160: 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 Set GRUB's root \n+0000b170: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 device to the pa\n+0000b180: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 696e 6720 rtition holding \n+0000b190: 7468 6520 4e65 7442 5344 2072 6f6f 740a the NetBSD root.\n+0000b1a0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d file system\n+0000b1b0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 . For a disk wi\n+0000b1c0: 7468 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6469 736b th a NetBSD disk\n+0000b1d0: 206c 6162 656c 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 label, this is \n+0000b1e0: 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 usually. the\n+0000b1f0: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n+0000b200: 2028 613a 292e 2020 496e 2074 6861 7420 (a:). In that \n+0000b210: 6361 7365 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 case, and assumi\n+0000b220: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 ng that the. \n+0000b230: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e partition is on\n+0000b240: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 the first hard \n+0000b250: 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 4752 5542 2773 disk, set GRUB's\n+0000b260: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2061 730a root device as.\n+0000b270: 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 follows:.. \n+0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 grub> i\n+0000b290: 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 nsmod part_bsd. \n+0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 grub> s\n+0000b2b0: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 et root=(hd0,net\n+0000b2c0: 6273 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 bsd1).. For \n+0000b2d0: 6120 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 4755 a disk with a GU\n+0000b2e0: 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 ID Partition Tab\n+0000b2f0: 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2c20 616e 6420 6173 le (GPT), and as\n+0000b300: 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a suming that the.\n+0000b310: 2020 2020 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f 6f74 NetBSD root\n+0000b320: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 partition is th\n+0000b330: 6520 7468 6972 6420 4750 5420 7061 7274 e third GPT part\n+0000b340: 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a ition, do this:.\n+0000b350: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0000b360: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f67 7074 insmod part_gpt\n+0000b370: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0000b380: 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c67 set root=(hd0,g\n+0000b390: 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 pt3).. 2. Load \n+0000b3a0: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 the kernel using\n+0000b3b0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 the command ...\n+0000b3c0: 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 knetbsd...:.. \n+0000b3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 grub> kne\n+0000b3e0: 7462 7364 202f 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 tbsd /netbsd.. \n+0000b3f0: 2020 2056 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f Various optio\n+0000b400: 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 ns may be given \n+0000b410: 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 to ...knetbsd...\n+0000b420: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 . These options\n+0000b430: 2061 7265 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 are, for. t\n+0000b440: 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7061 7274 2c20 7468 he most part, th\n+0000b450: 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 e same as in the\n+0000b460: 204e 6574 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 NetBSD boot loa\n+0000b470: 6465 722e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2069 der. For. i\n+0000b480: 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 nstance, to boot\n+0000b490: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2073 the system in s\n+0000b4a0: 696e 676c 652d 7573 6572 206d 6f64 6520 ingle-user mode \n+0000b4b0: 616e 6420 7769 7468 2076 6572 626f 7365 and with verbose\n+0000b4c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 . messages, \n+0000b4d0: 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 do this:.. \n+0000b4e0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 grub> knetbs\n+0000b4f0: 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 2d73 202d 760a d /netbsd -s -v.\n+0000b500: 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 206e 6565 6465 642c . 3. If needed,\n+0000b510: 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 load kernel mod\n+0000b520: 756c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f ules with the co\n+0000b530: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e mmand. ...kn\n+0000b540: 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 etbsd_module_elf\n+0000b550: e280 992e 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 .... A typical \n+0000b560: 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d example is the m\n+0000b570: 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 726f odule for the ro\n+0000b580: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ot. file sys\n+0000b590: 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tem:.. \n+0000b5a0: 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f grub> knetbsd_mo\n+0000b5b0: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 616e 642f dule_elf /stand/\n+0000b5c0: 616d 6436 342f 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 amd64/6.0/module\n+0000b5d0: 732f 6666 732f 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a s/ffs/ffs.kmod..\n+0000b5e0: 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 4. Finally, ru\n+0000b5f0: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 n the command ..\n+0000b600: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .boot... (*note \n+0000b610: 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot::).....File\n+0000b620: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0000b630: 6465 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732c de: DOS/Windows,\n+0000b640: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 Prev: NetBSD, \n+0000b650: 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 Up: OS-specific\n+0000b660: 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 444f notes..5.4.4 DO\n+0000b670: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d S/Windows.------\n+0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 -----------..GRU\n+0000b690: 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 444f B cannot boot DO\n+0000b6a0: 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2064 6972 S or Windows dir\n+0000b6b0: 6563 746c 792c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 ectly, so you mu\n+0000b6c0: 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 st chain-load th\n+0000b6d0: 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d em.(*note Chain-\n+0000b6e0: 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 loading::). How\n+0000b6f0: 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6569 7220 626f 6f74 ever, their boot\n+0000b700: 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2068 6176 6520 736f loaders have so\n+0000b710: 6d65 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 me critical.defi\n+0000b720: 6369 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2069 7420 ciencies, so it \n+0000b730: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 2074 6f20 may not work to \n+0000b740: 6a75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 just chain-load \n+0000b750: 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 636f them. To overco\n+0000b760: 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c me.the problems,\n+0000b770: 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 GRUB provides y\n+0000b780: 6f75 2077 6974 6820 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 ou with two help\n+0000b790: 6572 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 er functions... \n+0000b7a0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 696e If you have in\n+0000b7b0: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f 7220 stalled DOS (or \n+0000b7c0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f Windows) on a no\n+0000b7d0: 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 n-first hard dis\n+0000b7e0: 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 746f 2075 k, you.have to u\n+0000b7f0: 7365 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 7377 6170 se the disk swap\n+0000b800: 7069 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2c20 ping technique, \n+0000b810: 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6174 204f 5320 because that OS \n+0000b820: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d cannot boot.from\n+0000b830: 2061 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 2062 7574 2074 any disks but t\n+0000b840: 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 he first one. T\n+0000b850: 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 7573 he workaround us\n+0000b860: 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 7468 ed in GRUB is th\n+0000b870: 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9864 7269 e.command ...dri\n+0000b880: 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 vemap... (*note \n+0000b890: 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 292c 206c 696b drivemap::), lik\n+0000b8a0: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6472 e this:.. dr\n+0000b8b0: 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 ivemap -s (hd0) \n+0000b8c0: 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 (hd1).. This p\n+0000b8d0: 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 e280 9c76 6972 erforms a ...vir\n+0000b8e0: 7475 616c e280 9d20 7377 6170 2062 6574 tual... swap bet\n+0000b8f0: 7765 656e 2079 6f75 7220 6669 7273 7420 ween your first \n+0000b900: 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 640a and second hard.\n+0000b910: 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 7574 drive... *Caut\n+0000b920: 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 6566 ion:* This is ef\n+0000b930: 6665 6374 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 fective only if \n+0000b940: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n+0000b950: 2075 7365 7320 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 uses BIOS to.ac\n+0000b960: 6365 7373 2074 6865 2073 7761 7070 6564 cess the swapped\n+0000b970: 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6174 disks. If that\n+0000b980: 204f 5320 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 OS uses a speci\n+0000b990: 616c 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 7220 7468 al driver for th\n+0000b9a0: 650a 6469 736b 732c 2074 6869 7320 7072 e.disks, this pr\n+0000b9b0: 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 obably won't wor\n+0000b9c0: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 k... Another p\n+0000b9d0: 726f 626c 656d 2061 7269 7365 7320 6966 roblem arises if\n+0000b9e0: 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206d you installed m\n+0000b9f0: 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 6574 ore than one set\n+0000ba00: 206f 660a 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 of.DOS/Windows \n+0000ba10: 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 onto one disk, b\n+0000ba20: 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7920 636f 756c ecause they coul\n+0000ba30: 6420 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 6966 d be confused if\n+0000ba40: 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 there are.more \n+0000ba50: 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 7279 than one primary\n+0000ba60: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 partitions for \n+0000ba70: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 4365 DOS/Windows. Ce\n+0000ba80: 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 7368 6f75 rtainly you shou\n+0000ba90: 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 ld.avoid doing t\n+0000baa0: 6869 732c 2062 7574 2074 6865 7265 2069 his, but there i\n+0000bab0: 7320 6120 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 s a solution if \n+0000bac0: 796f 7520 646f 2077 616e 7420 746f 2064 you do want to d\n+0000bad0: 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 6865 2070 o so. Use.the p\n+0000bae0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 696e 672f artition hiding/\n+0000baf0: 756e 6869 6469 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 unhiding techniq\n+0000bb00: 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 ue... If GRUB \n+0000bb10: e280 9c68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f ...hides... a DO\n+0000bb20: 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 S (or Windows) p\n+0000bb30: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 artition (*note \n+0000bb40: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 parttool::), DOS\n+0000bb50: 0a28 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 7769 .(or Windows) wi\n+0000bb60: 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7061 ll ignore the pa\n+0000bb70: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 5255 rtition. If GRU\n+0000bb80: 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 B ...unhides... \n+0000bb90: 6120 444f 5320 286f 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 a DOS (or.Window\n+0000bba0: 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f s) partition, DO\n+0000bbb0: 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 S (or Windows) w\n+0000bbc0: 696c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 ill detect the p\n+0000bbd0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 732c artition. Thus,\n+0000bbe0: 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2069 6e73 .if you have ins\n+0000bbf0: 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 talled DOS (or W\n+0000bc00: 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 indows) on the f\n+0000bc10: 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6563 irst and the sec\n+0000bc20: 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 ond.partition of\n+0000bc30: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 the first hard \n+0000bc40: 6469 736b 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 7761 disk, and you wa\n+0000bc50: 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 nt to boot the c\n+0000bc60: 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 opy on the.first\n+0000bc70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 partition, do t\n+0000bc80: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 he following:.. \n+0000bc90: 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 parttool (hd\n+0000bca0: 302c 3129 2068 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 0,1) hidden-. \n+0000bcb0: 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c parttool (hd0,\n+0000bcc0: 3229 2068 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 2) hidden+. \n+0000bcd0: 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 set root=(hd0,1)\n+0000bce0: 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 . chainloade\n+0000bcf0: 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f r +1. partto\n+0000bd00: 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f 742b ol ${root} boot+\n+0000bd10: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 . boot....Fi\n+0000bd20: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0000bd30: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 Node: Configurat\n+0000bd40: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 656d ion, Next: Them\n+0000bd50: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 e file format, \n+0000bd60: 5072 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 Prev: Booting, \n+0000bd70: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 2057 7269 7469 Up: Top..6 Writi\n+0000bd80: 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 ng your own conf\n+0000bd90: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a iguration file.*\n 0000bda0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 0000bdb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000bdc0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 ..GRUB is config\n-0000bdd0: 7572 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 ured using ...gr\n-0000bde0: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2075 7375 616c ub.cfg..., usual\n-0000bdf0: 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 ly located under\n-0000be00: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .../boot/grub..\n-0000be10: 992e 0a54 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 ...This file is \n-0000be20: 7175 6974 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2c20 quite flexible, \n-0000be30: 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 7273 2077 but most users w\n-0000be40: 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ill not need to \n-0000be50: 7772 6974 6520 7468 650a 7768 6f6c 6520 write the.whole \n-0000be60: 7468 696e 6720 6279 2068 616e 642e 0a0a thing by hand...\n-0000be70: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 696d 706c * Menu:..* Simpl\n-0000be80: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e configuration:\n-0000be90: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6563 : Rec\n-0000bea0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 ommended for mos\n-0000beb0: 7420 7573 6572 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 2049 t users.* Root I\n-0000bec0: 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 dentifcation Heu\n-0000bed0: 7269 7374 6963 733a 3a20 2020 5375 6d6d ristics:: Summ\n-0000bee0: 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6865 2072 ary on how the r\n-0000bef0: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 oot file system \n-0000bf00: 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 642e 0a2a is identified..*\n-0000bf10: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n-0000bf20: 7074 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pting:: \n-0000bf30: 2020 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 For power use\n-0000bf40: 7273 2061 6e64 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 rs and developer\n-0000bf50: 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d s.* Multi-boot m\n-0000bf60: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 anual config:: \n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 7374 For non-st\n-0000bf80: 616e 6461 7264 206d 756c 7469 2d4f 5320 andard multi-OS \n-0000bf90: 7363 656e 6172 696f 730a 2a20 456d 6265 scenarios.* Embe\n-0000bfa0: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n-0000bfb0: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d on:: Em\n-0000bfc0: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 bedding a config\n-0000bfd0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 uration file int\n-0000bfe0: 6f20 4752 5542 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 o GRUB....File: \n-0000bff0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0000c000: 3a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 : Simple configu\n-0000c010: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 ration, Next: R\n-0000c020: 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f oot Identifcatio\n-0000c030: 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 2055 n Heuristics, U\n-0000c040: 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e p: Configuration\n-0000c050: 0a0a 362e 3120 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e ..6.1 Simple con\n-0000c060: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2068 616e 646c figuration handl\n-0000c070: 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ing.============\n+0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 636f ****..GRUB is co\n+0000bdd0: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 nfigured using .\n+0000bde0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2075 ..grub.cfg..., u\n+0000bdf0: 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2075 sually located u\n+0000be00: 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 nder .../boot/gr\n+0000be10: 7562 e280 992e 0a54 6869 7320 6669 6c65 ub.....This file\n+0000be20: 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 666c 6578 6962 is quite flexib\n+0000be30: 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 le, but most use\n+0000be40: 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 rs will not need\n+0000be50: 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 7468 650a 7768 to write the.wh\n+0000be60: 6f6c 6520 7468 696e 6720 6279 2068 616e ole thing by han\n+0000be70: 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 d...* Menu:..* S\n+0000be80: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple configurat\n+0000be90: 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ion:: \n+0000bea0: 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 Recommended for\n+0000beb0: 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 730a 2a20 526f most users.* Ro\n+0000bec0: 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e ot Identifcation\n+0000bed0: 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 733a 3a20 2020 Heuristics:: \n+0000bee0: 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 Summary on how t\n+0000bef0: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 he root file sys\n+0000bf00: 7465 6d20 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 tem is identifie\n+0000bf10: 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 d..* Shell-like \n+0000bf20: 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 scripting:: \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 For power\n+0000bf40: 2075 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2064 6576 656c users and devel\n+0000bf50: 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f opers.* Multi-bo\n+0000bf60: 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 ot manual config\n+0000bf70: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 6e6f :: For no\n+0000bf80: 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 7264 206d 756c 7469 n-standard multi\n+0000bf90: 2d4f 5320 7363 656e 6172 696f 730a 2a20 -OS scenarios.* \n+0000bfa0: 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 Embedded configu\n+0000bfb0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ration:: \n+0000bfc0: 2020 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f Embedding a co\n+0000bfd0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+0000bfe0: 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a0a 1f0a 4669 into GRUB....Fi\n+0000bff0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0000c000: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e Node: Simple con\n+0000c010: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 figuration, Nex\n+0000c020: 743a 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 t: Root Identifc\n+0000c030: 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 ation Heuristics\n+0000c040: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 , Up: Configura\n+0000c050: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3120 5369 6d70 6c65 tion..6.1 Simple\n+0000c060: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2068 configuration h\n+0000c070: 616e 646c 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d andling.========\n 0000c080: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n-0000c0a0: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e am ...grub-mkcon\n-0000c0b0: 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e fig... (*note In\n-0000c0c0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n-0000c0d0: 6e66 6967 3a3a 2920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 nfig::) generate\n-0000c0e0: 730a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 s....grub.cfg...\n-0000c0f0: 2066 696c 6573 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 files suitable \n-0000c100: 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2e20 for most cases. \n-0000c110: 2049 7420 6973 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 It is suitable \n-0000c120: 666f 7220 7573 6520 7768 656e 0a75 7067 for use when.upg\n-0000c130: 7261 6469 6e67 2061 2064 6973 7472 6962 rading a distrib\n-0000c140: 7574 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 ution, and will \n-0000c150: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 2061 7661 696c 6162 discover availab\n-0000c160: 6c65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2061 6e64 0a61 le kernels and.a\n-0000c170: 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 ttempt to genera\n-0000c180: 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 te menu entries \n-0000c190: 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 for them... ..\n-0000c1a0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-0000c1b0: 9920 646f 6573 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 . does have some\n-0000c1c0: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2057 limitations. W\n-0000c1d0: 6869 6c65 2061 6464 696e 6720 6578 7472 hile adding extr\n-0000c1e0: 610a 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e a.custom menu en\n-0000c1f0: 7472 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 tries to the end\n-0000c200: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 7374 2063 616e of the list can\n-0000c210: 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 7920 6564 6974 be done by edit\n-0000c220: 696e 670a e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 ing..../etc/grub\n-0000c230: 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 .d/40_custom... \n-0000c240: 6f72 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 e280 982f or creating .../\n-0000c250: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6375 7374 6f6d boot/grub/custom\n-0000c260: 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2063 6861 6e67 696e .cfg..., changin\n-0000c270: 670a 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 206d g.the order of m\n-0000c280: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f72 2063 enu entries or c\n-0000c290: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6569 7220 7469 hanging their ti\n-0000c2a0: 746c 6573 206d 6179 2072 6571 7569 7265 tles may require\n-0000c2b0: 206d 616b 696e 670a 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 making.complex \n-0000c2c0: 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f 2073 6865 6c6c changes to shell\n-0000c2d0: 2073 6372 6970 7473 2073 746f 7265 6420 scripts stored \n-0000c2e0: 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e in .../etc/grub.\n-0000c2f0: 642f e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 d/.... This may\n-0000c300: 2062 650a 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2069 6e20 be.improved in \n-0000c310: 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 the future. In \n-0000c320: 7468 6520 6d65 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 the meantime, th\n-0000c330: 6f73 6520 7768 6f20 6665 656c 2074 6861 ose who feel tha\n-0000c340: 7420 6974 2077 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 t it would.be ea\n-0000c350: 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 e280 sier to write ..\n-0000c360: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2064 6972 .grub.cfg... dir\n-0000c370: 6563 746c 7920 6172 6520 656e 636f 7572 ectly are encour\n-0000c380: 6167 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 282a aged to do so (*\n-0000c390: 6e6f 7465 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 note.Booting::, \n-0000c3a0: 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d and *note Shell-\n-0000c3b0: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a like scripting::\n-0000c3c0: 292c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 6469 7361 626c ), and to disabl\n-0000c3d0: 6520 616e 7920 7379 7374 656d 0a70 726f e any system.pro\n-0000c3e0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 6972 2064 vided by their d\n-0000c3f0: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2061 istribution to a\n-0000c400: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 756e utomatically run\n-0000c410: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-0000c420: 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6669 g...... The fi\n-0000c430: 6c65 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 le .../etc/defau\n-0000c440: 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 7472 lt/grub... contr\n-0000c450: 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f ols the operatio\n-0000c460: 6e20 6f66 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 n of....grub-mkc\n-0000c470: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 6973 onfig.... It is\n-0000c480: 2073 6f75 7263 6564 2062 7920 6120 7368 sourced by a sh\n-0000c490: 656c 6c20 7363 7269 7074 2c20 616e 6420 ell script, and \n-0000c4a0: 736f 206d 7573 7420 6265 2076 616c 6964 so must be valid\n-0000c4b0: 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 .POSIX shell inp\n-0000c4c0: 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 ut; normally, it\n-0000c4d0: 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 6520 6120 will just be a \n-0000c4e0: 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 e280 984b sequence of ...K\n-0000c4f0: 4559 3d76 616c 7565 e280 990a 6c69 6e65 EY=value....line\n-0000c500: 732c 2062 7574 2069 6620 7468 6520 7661 s, but if the va\n-0000c510: 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 7061 lue contains spa\n-0000c520: 6365 7320 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2073 7065 ces or other spe\n-0000c530: 6369 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 cial characters \n-0000c540: 7468 656e 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 then.it must be \n-0000c550: 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 quoted. For exa\n-0000c560: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 mple:.. GRUB\n-0000c570: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 543d _TERMINAL_INPUT=\n-0000c580: 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 6572 6961 6c22 \"console serial\"\n-0000c590: 0a0a 2020 2056 616c 6964 206b 6579 7320 .. Valid keys \n-0000c5a0: 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 in .../etc/defau\n-0000c5b0: 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 lt/grub... are a\n-0000c5c0: 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 9847 s follows:.....G\n-0000c5d0: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 RUB_DEFAULT.... \n-0000c5e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 The default \n-0000c5f0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 6869 menu entry. Thi\n-0000c600: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 206e 756d 6265 s may be a numbe\n-0000c610: 722c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 r, in which case\n-0000c620: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 it. identif\n-0000c630: 6965 7320 7468 6520 4e74 6820 656e 7472 ies the Nth entr\n-0000c640: 7920 696e 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 y in the generat\n-0000c650: 6564 206d 656e 7520 636f 756e 7465 6420 ed menu counted \n-0000c660: 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 from zero,. \n-0000c670: 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 or the title of \n-0000c680: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 a menu entry, or\n-0000c690: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 7472 the special str\n-0000c6a0: 696e 6720 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992e ing ...saved....\n-0000c6b0: 2020 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 Using. the\n-0000c6c0: 2069 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 id may be usefu\n-0000c6d0: 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f l if you want to\n-0000c6e0: 2073 6574 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 set a menu entr\n-0000c6f0: 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 y as the default\n-0000c700: 0a20 2020 2020 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 . even thoug\n-0000c710: 6820 7468 6572 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 h there may be a\n-0000c720: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 variable number\n-0000c730: 206f 6620 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f of entries befo\n-0000c740: 7265 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 re it... For\n-0000c750: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 example, if you\n-0000c760: 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e have:.. men\n-0000c770: 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 uentry 'Example \n-0000c780: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 GNU/Linux distri\n-0000c790: 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 bution' --class \n-0000c7a0: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 gnu-linux --id e\n-0000c7b0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 xample-gnu-linux\n-0000c7c0: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 {. ..... \n-0000c7d0: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e 2079 }.. then y\n-0000c7e0: 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 6973 ou can make this\n-0000c7f0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 7369 the default usi\n-0000c800: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 ng:.. G\n-0000c810: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 6578 616d RUB_DEFAULT=exam\n-0000c820: 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 ple-gnu-linux.. \n-0000c830: 2020 2020 5072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2069 Previously i\n-0000c840: 7420 7761 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 t was documented\n-0000c850: 2074 6865 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7573 6520 the way to use \n-0000c860: 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 652e 2020 5768 entry title. Wh\n-0000c870: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 7374 ile. this st\n-0000c880: 696c 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6974 2773 206e ill works it's n\n-0000c890: 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 ot recommended s\n-0000c8a0: 696e 6365 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 ince titles ofte\n-0000c8b0: 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 n contain. u\n-0000c8c0: 6e73 7461 626c 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e nstable device n\n-0000c8d0: 616d 6573 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 ames and may be \n-0000c8e0: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 translated.. \n-0000c8f0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6973 If you set this\n-0000c900: 2074 6f20 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992c to ...saved...,\n-0000c910: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c then the defaul\n-0000c920: 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c t menu entry wil\n-0000c930: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 l be. that s\n-0000c940: 6176 6564 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f aved by ...GRUB_\n-0000c950: 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 206f SAVEDEFAULT... o\n-0000c960: 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 r ...grub-set-de\n-0000c970: 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 730a fault.... This.\n-0000c980: 2020 2020 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 relies on t\n-0000c990: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n-0000c9a0: 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 lock, which may \n-0000c9b0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 not be available\n-0000c9c0: 2069 6e20 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6974 in all. sit\n-0000c9d0: 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 uations (*note E\n-0000c9e0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-0000c9f0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 ::)... The d\n-0000ca00: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9830 e280 efault is ...0..\n-0000ca10: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 .......GRUB_SAVE\n-0000ca20: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 DEFAULT.... \n-0000ca30: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n-0000ca40: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 s set to ...true\n-0000ca50: e280 992c 2074 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 ..., then, when \n-0000ca60: 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 an entry is sele\n-0000ca70: 6374 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6176 6520 cted,. save \n-0000ca80: 6974 2061 7320 6120 6e65 7720 6465 6661 it as a new defa\n-0000ca90: 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 7573 ult entry for us\n-0000caa0: 6520 6279 2066 7574 7572 6520 7275 6e73 e by future runs\n-0000cab0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 of GRUB. This. \n-0000cac0: 2020 2020 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 is only usef\n-0000cad0: 756c 2069 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 ul if ...GRUB_DE\n-0000cae0: 4641 554c 543d 7361 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 FAULT=saved...; \n-0000caf0: 6974 2069 7320 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 it is a separate\n-0000cb00: 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6563 option. bec\n-0000cb10: 6175 7365 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 ause ...GRUB_DEF\n-0000cb20: 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 e280 9920 6973 AULT=saved... is\n-0000cb30: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 useful without \n-0000cb40: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a this option, in.\n-0000cb50: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e conjunction\n-0000cb60: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 with ...grub-se\n-0000cb70: 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 t-default.... U\n-0000cb80: 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e nset by default.\n-0000cb90: 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 This. opti\n-0000cba0: 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 on relies on the\n-0000cbb0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-0000cbc0: 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f ck, which may no\n-0000cbd0: 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 t be available. \n-0000cbe0: 2020 2020 696e 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 in all situa\n-0000cbf0: 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 tions (*note Env\n-0000cc00: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a ironment block::\n-0000cc10: 292e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 )......GRUB_TIME\n-0000cc20: 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 OUT.... Boot\n-0000cc30: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 the default ent\n-0000cc40: 7279 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 ry this many sec\n-0000cc50: 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d onds after the m\n-0000cc60: 656e 7520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 enu is. disp\n-0000cc70: 6c61 7965 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 layed, unless a \n-0000cc80: 6b65 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2e20 key is pressed. \n-0000cc90: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n-0000cca0: e280 9835 e280 992e 2020 5365 7420 746f ...5.... Set to\n-0000ccb0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9830 e280 9920 746f . ...0... to\n-0000ccc0: 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c boot immediatel\n-0000ccd0: 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 y without displa\n-0000cce0: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 206f ying the menu, o\n-0000ccf0: 7220 746f 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 746f r to ...-1... to\n-0000cd00: 0a20 2020 2020 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 . wait indef\n-0000cd10: 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 initely... I\n-0000cd20: 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 f ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n-0000cd30: 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 T_STYLE... is se\n-0000cd40: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 t to ...countdow\n-0000cd50: 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 n... or ...hidde\n-0000cd60: 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 n..., the. t\n-0000cd70: 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 imeout is instea\n-0000cd80: 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 d counted before\n-0000cd90: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 the menu is dis\n-0000cda0: 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 played......GRUB\n-0000cdb0: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 _TIMEOUT_STYLE..\n-0000cdc0: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f .. If this o\n-0000cdd0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 206f ption is unset o\n-0000cde0: 7220 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 r set to ...menu\n-0000cdf0: e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 ..., then GRUB w\n-0000ce00: 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 2020 ill display. \n-0000ce10: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 7468 the menu and th\n-0000ce20: 656e 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 en wait for the \n-0000ce30: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 20e2 timeout set by .\n-0000ce40: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT..\n-0000ce50: 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 . to. expire\n-0000ce60: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 before booting \n-0000ce70: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 the default entr\n-0000ce80: 792e 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 206b y. Pressing a k\n-0000ce90: 6579 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 730a 2020 ey interrupts. \n-0000cea0: 2020 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2e0a the timeout..\n-0000ceb0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n-0000cec0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 tion is set to .\n-0000ced0: 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f ..countdown... o\n-0000cee0: 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 r ...hidden..., \n-0000cef0: 7468 656e 2c20 6265 666f 7265 0a20 2020 then, before. \n-0000cf00: 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 displaying the\n-0000cf10: 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c menu, GRUB will\n-0000cf20: 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 wait for the ti\n-0000cf30: 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 0a20 2020 meout set by. \n-0000cf40: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n-0000cf50: 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 6578 7069 7265 2e20 T... to expire. \n-0000cf60: 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 203c 4634 If or are pressed, o\n-0000cf80: 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e0a 2020 2020 2069 r . i\n-0000cf90: 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 s held down duri\n-0000cfa0: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 ng that time, it\n-0000cfb0: 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 will display th\n-0000cfc0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 740a e menu and wait.\n-0000cfd0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 for input. \n-0000cfe0: 2049 6620 6120 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 If a hotkey ass\n-0000cff0: 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d ociated with a m\n-0000d000: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 enu entry is pre\n-0000d010: 7373 6564 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ssed, it. wi\n-0000d020: 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6173 736f ll boot the asso\n-0000d030: 6369 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ciated menu entr\n-0000d040: 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 y immediately. \n-0000d050: 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a20 If the timeout. \n-0000d060: 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 7320 6265 666f expires befo\n-0000d070: 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 re either of the\n-0000d080: 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 se happens, it w\n-0000d090: 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 ill boot the def\n-0000d0a0: 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 792e ault. entry.\n-0000d0b0: 2020 496e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 756e In the ...coun\n-0000d0c0: 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 652c 2069 tdown... case, i\n-0000d0d0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 6120 6f6e t will show a on\n-0000d0e0: 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696f e-line indicatio\n-0000d0f0: 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 n. of the re\n-0000d100: 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 maining time....\n-0000d110: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 ..GRUB_DEFAULT_B\n-0000d120: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 UTTON.......GRUB\n-0000d130: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 _TIMEOUT_BUTTON.\n-0000d140: 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ......GRUB_TIMEO\n-0000d150: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 UT_STYLE_BUTTON.\n-0000d160: 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f ......GRUB_BUTTO\n-0000d170: 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 N_CMOS_ADDRESS..\n-0000d180: 990a 2020 2020 2056 6172 6961 6e74 7320 .. Variants \n-0000d190: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e of the correspon\n-0000d1a0: 6469 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 ding variables w\n-0000d1b0: 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 ithout the ..._B\n-0000d1c0: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7375 UTTON.... su\n-0000d1d0: 6666 6978 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 ffix, used to su\n-0000d1e0: 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 pport vendor-spe\n-0000d1f0: 6369 6669 6320 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 cific power butt\n-0000d200: 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 ons. *Note. \n-0000d210: 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e Vendor power-on\n-0000d220: 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 keys::......GRU\n-0000d230: 425f 4449 5354 5249 4255 544f 52e2 8099 B_DISTRIBUTOR...\n-0000d240: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6279 2064 6973 . Set by dis\n-0000d250: 7472 6962 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 5255 tributors of GRU\n-0000d260: 4220 746f 2074 6865 6972 2069 6465 6e74 B to their ident\n-0000d270: 6966 7969 6e67 206e 616d 652e 2020 5468 ifying name. Th\n-0000d280: 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 is is. used \n-0000d290: 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 to generate more\n-0000d2a0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 656e informative men\n-0000d2b0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 6573 2e0a u entry titles..\n-0000d2c0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 ....GRUB_TERMINA\n-0000d2d0: 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 L_INPUT.... \n-0000d2e0: 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 Select the termi\n-0000d2f0: 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6465 7669 6365 nal input device\n-0000d300: 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2073 656c 6563 . You may selec\n-0000d310: 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 6576 6963 t multiple devic\n-0000d320: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 7265 2c20 7365 es. here, se\n-0000d330: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 parated by space\n-0000d340: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 616c 6964 2074 s... Valid t\n-0000d350: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6e61 erminal input na\n-0000d360: 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 mes depend on th\n-0000d370: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 e platform, but \n-0000d380: 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 may include. \n-0000d390: 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 ...console... (\n-0000d3a0: 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 native platform \n-0000d3b0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 console), ...ser\n-0000d3c0: 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 ial... (serial t\n-0000d3d0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 erminal),. .\n-0000d3e0: 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 ..serial_.\n-0000d3f0: 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .. (serial termi\n-0000d400: 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 nal with explici\n-0000d410: 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e t port selection\n-0000d420: 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 745f 6b65 ),. ...at_ke\n-0000d430: 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2850 4320 4154 yboard... (PC AT\n-0000d440: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 keyboard), or .\n-0000d450: 8098 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 ..usb_keyboard..\n-0000d460: 9920 2855 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a . (USB keyboard.\n-0000d470: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2048 using the H\n-0000d480: 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c ID Boot Protocol\n-0000d490: 2c20 666f 7220 6361 7365 7320 7768 6572 , for cases wher\n-0000d4a0: 6520 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 e the firmware d\n-0000d4b0: 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2068 616e oes not. han\n-0000d4c0: 646c 6520 7468 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 dle this)... \n-0000d4d0: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n-0000d4e0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 to use the platf\n-0000d4f0: 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 orm's native ter\n-0000d500: 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 742e 0a0a e280 minal input.....\n-0000d510: 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f .GRUB_TERMINAL_O\n-0000d520: 5554 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 UTPUT.... Se\n-0000d530: 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 lect the termina\n-0000d540: 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2064 6576 6963 652e l output device.\n-0000d550: 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 6374 You may select\n-0000d560: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 6365 multiple device\n-0000d570: 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 6570 s. here, sep\n-0000d580: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 arated by spaces\n-0000d590: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 7465 ... Valid te\n-0000d5a0: 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 7420 6e61 rminal output na\n-0000d5b0: 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 mes depend on th\n-0000d5c0: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 e platform, but \n-0000d5d0: 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 may include. \n-0000d5e0: 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 ...console... (\n-0000d5f0: 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 native platform \n-0000d600: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 console), ...ser\n-0000d610: 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 ial... (serial t\n-0000d620: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 erminal),. .\n-0000d630: 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 ..serial_.\n-0000d640: 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .. (serial termi\n-0000d650: 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 nal with explici\n-0000d660: 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e t port selection\n-0000d670: 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 ),. ...gfxte\n-0000d680: 726d e280 9920 2867 7261 7068 6963 732d rm... (graphics-\n-0000d690: 6d6f 6465 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c20 e280 mode output), ..\n-0000d6a0: 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2028 5647 .vga_text... (VG\n-0000d6b0: 4120 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c0a A text output),.\n-0000d6c0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 ...mda_text\n-0000d6d0: e280 9920 284d 4441 2074 6578 7420 6f75 ... (MDA text ou\n-0000d6e0: 7470 7574 292c 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 tput), ...morse.\n-0000d6f0: 8099 2028 4d6f 7273 652d 636f 6469 6e67 .. (Morse-coding\n-0000d700: 2075 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 using system. \n-0000d710: 2020 2062 6565 7065 7229 206f 7220 e280 beeper) or ..\n-0000d720: 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2028 7369 .spkmodem... (si\n-0000d730: 6d70 6c65 2064 6174 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 mple data protoc\n-0000d740: 6f6c 2075 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 ol using system \n-0000d750: 7370 6561 6b65 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 speaker)... \n-0000d760: e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2069 ...spkmodem... i\n-0000d770: 7320 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f s useful when no\n-0000d780: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 serial port is \n-0000d790: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 436f 6e6e available. Conn\n-0000d7a0: 6563 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 ect the. out\n-0000d7b0: 7075 7420 6f66 2073 656e 6469 6e67 2073 put of sending s\n-0000d7c0: 7973 7465 6d20 2877 6865 7265 2047 5255 ystem (where GRU\n-0000d7d0: 4220 6973 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 746f B is running) to\n-0000d7e0: 206c 696e 652d 696e 206f 660a 2020 2020 line-in of. \n-0000d7f0: 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 receiving syste\n-0000d800: 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2064 6576 656c m (usually devel\n-0000d810: 6f70 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 292e 2020 oper machine). \n-0000d820: 4f6e 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 On receiving sys\n-0000d830: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 tem. compile\n-0000d840: 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 ...spkmodem-rec\n-0000d850: 76e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9875 7469 v... from ...uti\n-0000d860: 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 762e l/spkmodem-recv.\n-0000d870: 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 c... and run:.. \n-0000d880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 6563 6f72 parecor\n-0000d890: 6420 2d2d 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d d --channels=1 -\n-0000d8a0: 2d72 6174 653d 3438 3030 3020 2d2d 666f -rate=48000 --fo\n-0000d8b0: 726d 6174 3d73 3136 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 rmat=s16le | ./s\n-0000d8c0: 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 pkmodem-recv.. \n-0000d8d0: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n-0000d8e0: 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 s to use the pla\n-0000d8f0: 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 tform's native t\n-0000d900: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a erminal output..\n-0000d910: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 ....GRUB_TERMINA\n-0000d920: 4ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 L.... If thi\n-0000d930: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c s option is set,\n-0000d940: 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 626f it overrides bo\n-0000d950: 7468 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 th ...GRUB_TERMI\n-0000d960: 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 2061 6e64 NAL_INPUT... and\n-0000d970: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 . ...GRUB_TE\n-0000d980: 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 RMINAL_OUTPUT...\n-0000d990: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2076 616c to the same val\n-0000d9a0: 7565 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4552 ue......GRUB_SER\n-0000d9b0: 4941 4c5f 434f 4d4d 414e 44e2 8099 0a20 IAL_COMMAND.... \n-0000d9c0: 2020 2020 4120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f A command to\n-0000d9d0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2074 6865 2073 configure the s\n-0000d9e0: 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2077 6865 6e20 erial port when \n-0000d9f0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c using the serial\n-0000da00: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 . console. \n-0000da10: 2a4e 6f74 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2e20 *Note serial::. \n-0000da20: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 Defaults to ...\n-0000da30: 7365 7269 616c e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 serial.........G\n-0000da40: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_CMDLINE_LINU\n-0000da50: 58e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d6d 616e X.... Comman\n-0000da60: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 d-line arguments\n-0000da70: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 206d 656e 7520 to add to menu \n-0000da80: 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 entries for the \n-0000da90: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0ae2 Linux kernel....\n-0000daa0: 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c ..GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n-0000dab0: 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a INUX_DEFAULT....\n-0000dac0: 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 9847 Unless ...G\n-0000dad0: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f RUB_DISABLE_RECO\n-0000dae0: 5645 5259 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 VERY... is set t\n-0000daf0: 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7477 o ...true..., tw\n-0000db00: 6f20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 o menu entries. \n-0000db10: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 will be gene\n-0000db20: 7261 7465 6420 666f 7220 6561 6368 204c rated for each L\n-0000db30: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c3a 206f 6e65 inux kernel: one\n-0000db40: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2061 default entry a\n-0000db50: 6e64 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 nd one. entr\n-0000db60: 7920 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d y for recovery m\n-0000db70: 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f ode. This optio\n-0000db80: 6e20 6c69 7374 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d n lists command-\n-0000db90: 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 line arguments. \n-0000dba0: 2020 2020 746f 2061 6464 206f 6e6c 7920 to add only \n-0000dbb0: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d to the default m\n-0000dbc0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2061 6674 6572 enu entry, after\n-0000dbd0: 2074 686f 7365 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e those listed in\n-0000dbe0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d . ...GRUB_CM\n-0000dbf0: 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2e0a DLINE_LINUX.....\n-0000dc00: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ....GRUB_CMDLINE\n-0000dc10: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 _LINUX_RECOVERY.\n-0000dc20: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 556e 6c65 7373 20e2 ... Unless .\n-0000dc30: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 ..GRUB_DISABLE_R\n-0000dc40: 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 ECOVERY... is se\n-0000dc50: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c t to ...true...,\n-0000dc60: 2074 776f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 two menu entrie\n-0000dc70: 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 s. will be g\n-0000dc80: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2066 6f72 2065 6163 enerated for eac\n-0000dc90: 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 3a20 h Linux kernel: \n-0000dca0: 6f6e 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 one default entr\n-0000dcb0: 7920 616e 6420 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2065 y and one. e\n-0000dcc0: 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 ntry for recover\n-0000dcd0: 7920 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 y mode. 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The defaul\n-0000dd70: 7420 6973 20e2 8098 7369 6e67 6c65 e280 t is ...single..\n-0000dd80: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c .......GRUB_CMDL\n-0000dd90: 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 e280 990a e280 INE_NETBSD......\n-0000dda0: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 .GRUB_CMDLINE_NE\n-0000ddb0: 5442 5344 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a TBSD_DEFAULT....\n-0000ddc0: 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f As ...GRUB_\n-0000ddd0: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 CMDLINE_LINUX...\n-0000dde0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 and ...GRUB_CMD\n-0000ddf0: 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 LINE_LINUX_DEFAU\n-0000de00: 4c54 e280 992c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a20 LT..., but for. \n-0000de10: 2020 2020 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 0ae2 8098 NetBSD......\n-0000de20: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 GRUB_CMDLINE_GNU\n-0000de30: 4d41 4348 e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 MACH.... 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Xen\n-0000e000: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a menu entries...\n-0000e010: e280 9847 5255 425f 544f 505f 4c45 5645 ...GRUB_TOP_LEVE\n-0000e020: 4ce2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 L.......GRUB_TOP\n-0000e030: 5f4c 4556 454c 5f58 454e e280 990a 2020 _LEVEL_XEN.... \n-0000e040: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 This option s\n-0000e050: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 6e20 6162 736f hould be an abso\n-0000e060: 6c75 7465 2070 6174 6820 746f 2061 206b lute path to a k\n-0000e070: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 4966 ernel image. If\n-0000e080: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 . provided, \n-0000e090: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 the image specif\n-0000e0a0: 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 ied will be made\n-0000e0b0: 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2065 the top-level e\n-0000e0c0: 6e74 7279 2069 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 ntry if. it \n-0000e0d0: 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 is found in the \n-0000e0e0: 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 scan......GRUB_T\n-0000e0f0: 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 OP_LEVEL_OS_PROB\n-0000e100: 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ER.... This \n-0000e110: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 option should be\n-0000e120: 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 206f 7574 7075 a line of outpu\n-0000e130: 7420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f t from ...os-pro\n-0000e140: 6265 72e2 8099 2e20 2041 730a 2020 2020 ber.... As. \n-0000e150: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 ...GRUB_TOP_LEV\n-0000e160: 454c e280 992c 2069 6620 7072 6f76 6964 EL..., if provid\n-0000e170: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 ed, the image sp\n-0000e180: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ecified will be \n-0000e190: 6d61 6465 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 746f made the. to\n-0000e1a0: 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 656e 7472 7920 6966 p-level entry if\n-0000e1b0: 2069 7420 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 it is found in \n-0000e1c0: 7468 6520 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 the scan......GR\n-0000e1d0: 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f UB_EARLY_INITRD_\n-0000e1e0: 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d e280 990a LINUX_CUSTOM....\n-0000e1f0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e ...GRUB_EARLY_IN\n-0000e200: 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 544f 434b ITRD_LINUX_STOCK\n-0000e210: e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f66 .... List of\n-0000e220: 2073 7061 6365 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 space-separated\n-0000e230: 2065 6172 6c79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d early initrd im\n-0000e240: 6167 6573 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 ages to be loade\n-0000e250: 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f d from. .../\n-0000e260: 626f 6f74 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 2069 boot.... This i\n-0000e270: 7320 666f 7220 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 s for loading th\n-0000e280: 696e 6773 206c 696b 6520 4350 5520 6d69 ings like CPU mi\n-0000e290: 6372 6f63 6f64 652c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 crocode, firmwar\n-0000e2a0: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 4143 5049 2074 6162 e,. ACPI tab\n-0000e2b0: 6c65 732c 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6b65 7973 les, crypto keys\n-0000e2c0: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 , and so on. Th\n-0000e2d0: 6573 6520 6561 726c 7920 696d 6167 6573 ese early images\n-0000e2e0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f will be. lo\n-0000e2f0: 6164 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 6465 aded in the orde\n-0000e300: 7220 6465 636c 6172 6564 2c20 616e 6420 r declared, and \n-0000e310: 616c 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 all will be load\n-0000e320: 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a 2020 ed before the. \n-0000e330: 2020 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 actual functi\n-0000e340: 6f6e 616c 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 onal initrd imag\n-0000e350: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 e... ...GRUB\n-0000e360: 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 _EARLY_INITRD_LI\n-0000e370: 4e55 585f 5354 4f43 4be2 8099 2069 7320 NUX_STOCK... is \n-0000e380: 666f 7220 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 for your distrib\n-0000e390: 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2064 6563 6c61 7265 ution to declare\n-0000e3a0: 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 . images tha\n-0000e3b0: 7420 6172 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 t are provided b\n-0000e3c0: 7920 7468 6520 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 y the distributi\n-0000e3d0: 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e on. It should n\n-0000e3e0: 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 ot be. modif\n-0000e3f0: 6965 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 756e 6465 ied without unde\n-0000e400: 7273 7461 6e64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f rstanding the co\n-0000e410: 6e73 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2054 6865 nsequences. The\n-0000e420: 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c y will be. l\n-0000e430: 6f61 6465 6420 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 oaded first... \n-0000e440: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 ...GRUB_EARLY\n-0000e450: 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 _INITRD_LINUX_CU\n-0000e460: 5354 4f4d e280 9920 6973 2066 6f72 2079 STOM... is for y\n-0000e470: 6f75 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 2063 7265 6174 our custom creat\n-0000e480: 6564 2069 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 ed images... \n-0000e490: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 746f The default sto\n-0000e4a0: 636b 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6172 6520 6173 ck images are as\n-0000e4b0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 7468 6f75 6768 follows, though\n-0000e4c0: 2074 6865 7920 6d61 7920 6265 0a20 2020 they may be. \n-0000e4d0: 2020 6f76 6572 7269 6464 656e 2062 7920 overridden by \n-0000e4e0: 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f your distributio\n-0000e4f0: 6e3a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e74 n:. int\n-0000e500: 656c 2d75 632e 696d 6720 696e 7465 6c2d el-uc.img intel-\n-0000e510: 7563 6f64 652e 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 ucode.img amd-uc\n-0000e520: 2e69 6d67 2061 6d64 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 .img amd-ucode.i\n-0000e530: 6d67 2065 6172 6c79 5f75 636f 6465 2e63 mg early_ucode.c\n-0000e540: 7069 6f20 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 652e 6370 pio microcode.cp\n-0000e550: 696f 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 io.....GRUB_DISA\n-0000e560: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 BLE_LINUX_UUID..\n-0000e570: 990a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c .. Normally,\n-0000e580: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-0000e590: 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 g... will genera\n-0000e5a0: 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 te menu entries \n-0000e5b0: 7468 6174 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e that use. un\n-0000e5c0: 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 iversally-unique\n-0000e5d0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 identifiers (UU\n-0000e5e0: 4944 7329 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 IDs) to identify\n-0000e5f0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 the root. f\n-0000e600: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 ilesystem to the\n-0000e610: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2075 Linux kernel, u\n-0000e620: 7369 6e67 2061 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d55 sing a ...root=U\n-0000e630: 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 206b 6572 6e65 UID=...... kerne\n-0000e640: 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 l. parameter\n-0000e650: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c . This is usual\n-0000e660: 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 ly more reliable\n-0000e670: 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 , but in some ca\n-0000e680: 7365 7320 6974 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 ses it may. \n-0000e690: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 not be appropria\n-0000e6a0: 7465 2e20 2054 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 te. To disable \n-0000e6b0: 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2055 5549 4473 the use of UUIDs\n-0000e6c0: 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f , set this optio\n-0000e6d0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 n. to ...tru\n-0000e6e0: 65e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 e.........GRUB_D\n-0000e6f0: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 ISABLE_LINUX_PAR\n-0000e700: 5455 5549 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 TUUID.... If\n-0000e710: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-0000e720: 67e2 8099 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6964 656e g... cannot iden\n-0000e730: 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 tify the root fi\n-0000e740: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2076 6961 2069 7473 lesystem via its\n-0000e750: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c . universall\n-0000e760: 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6e64 656e 7469 y-unique indenti\n-0000e770: 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 292c 20e2 8098 fier (UUID), ...\n-0000e780: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n-0000e790: 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 can use the. \n-0000e7a0: 2020 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 UUID of the pa\n-0000e7b0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 rtition containi\n-0000e7c0: 6e67 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 ng the filesyste\n-0000e7d0: 6d20 746f 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 m to identify th\n-0000e7e0: 650a 2020 2020 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 e. root file\n-0000e7f0: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c69 system to the Li\n-0000e800: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2076 6961 2061 nux kernel via a\n-0000e810: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 4152 5455 5549 ...root=PARTUUI\n-0000e820: 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 D=....... ke\n-0000e830: 726e 656c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 rnel parameter. \n-0000e840: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 7320 This is not as \n-0000e850: 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2061 7320 7573 696e reliable as usin\n-0000e860: 6720 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d g the filesystem\n-0000e870: 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 2c20 6275 7420 . UUID, but \n-0000e880: 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 is more reliable\n-0000e890: 2074 6861 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 than using the \n-0000e8a0: 4c69 6e75 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d Linux device nam\n-0000e8b0: 6573 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 es. When. .\n-0000e8c0: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c ..GRUB_DISABLE_L\n-0000e8d0: 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 INUX_PARTUUID...\n-0000e8e0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 is set to ...fa\n-0000e8f0: 6c73 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 lse..., the Linu\n-0000e900: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7665 x kernel. ve\n-0000e910: 7273 696f 6e20 6d75 7374 2062 6520 322e rsion must be 2.\n-0000e920: 362e 3337 2028 332e 3130 2066 6f72 2073 6.37 (3.10 for s\n-0000e930: 7973 7465 6d73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 ystems using the\n-0000e940: 204d 5344 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e MSDOS partition\n-0000e950: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 6865 6d65 2920 6f72 . scheme) or\n-0000e960: 206e 6577 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 newer. This op\n-0000e970: 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f tion defaults to\n-0000e980: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992e 2020 546f ...true.... To\n-0000e990: 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 enable the. \n-0000e9a0: 2075 7365 206f 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f use of partitio\n-0000e9b0: 6e20 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 n UUIDs, set thi\n-0000e9c0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9866 s option to ...f\n-0000e9d0: 616c 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 alse.........GRU\n-0000e9e0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 B_DISABLE_RECOVE\n-0000e9f0: 5259 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 RY.... If th\n-0000ea00: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 is option is set\n-0000ea10: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 to ...true..., \n-0000ea20: 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 6765 6e65 disable the gene\n-0000ea30: 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7265 636f 7665 ration of recove\n-0000ea40: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 206d 656e ry. mode men\n-0000ea50: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 u entries......G\n-0000ea60: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5555 4944 RUB_DISABLE_UUID\n-0000ea70: e280 990a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c .... Normall\n-0000ea80: 792c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e y, ...grub-mkcon\n-0000ea90: 6669 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 fig... will gene\n-0000eaa0: 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 rate menu entrie\n-0000eab0: 7320 7468 6174 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 s that use. \n-0000eac0: 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 universally-uniq\n-0000ead0: 7565 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 ue identifiers (\n-0000eae0: 5555 4944 7329 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 UUIDs) to identi\n-0000eaf0: 6679 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 fy various. \n-0000eb00: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2073 filesystems to s\n-0000eb10: 6561 7263 6820 666f 7220 6669 6c65 732e earch for files.\n-0000eb20: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c This is usuall\n-0000eb30: 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 656c 6961 626c 652c y more reliable,\n-0000eb40: 0a20 2020 2020 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d . but in som\n-0000eb50: 6520 6361 7365 7320 6974 206d 6179 206e e cases it may n\n-0000eb60: 6f74 2062 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 ot be appropriat\n-0000eb70: 652e 2020 546f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2074 e. To disable t\n-0000eb80: 6869 7320 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 his use. of \n-0000eb90: 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 UUIDs, set this \n-0000eba0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 option to ...tru\n-0000ebb0: 65e2 8099 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 e.... Setting t\n-0000ebc0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 his option to. \n-0000ebd0: 2020 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2077 ...true..., w\n-0000ebe0: 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 6865 ill also set the\n-0000ebf0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 4752 5542 options ...GRUB\n-0000ec00: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 _DISABLE_LINUX_U\n-0000ec10: 5549 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 UID... and. \n-0000ec20: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n-0000ec30: 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 LINUX_PARTUUID..\n-0000ec40: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c . to ...true...,\n-0000ec50: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6579 2068 6176 unless they hav\n-0000ec60: 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c e been. expl\n-0000ec70: 6963 696c 7479 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 icilty set to ..\n-0000ec80: 9866 616c 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 .false.........G\n-0000ec90: 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4241 434b 454e RUB_VIDEO_BACKEN\n-0000eca0: 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 7261 D.... 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If you need\n-0000ede0: 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 to override thi\n-0000edf0: 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 s for. some \n-0000ee00: 7265 6173 6f6e 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 reason, then you\n-0000ee10: 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 can set this op\n-0000ee20: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4166 7465 tion... Afte\n-0000ee30: 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c r ...grub-instal\n-0000ee40: 6ce2 8099 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 l... has been ru\n-0000ee50: 6e2c 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 n, the available\n-0000ee60: 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 7273 2061 video drivers a\n-0000ee70: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2069 re. listed i\n-0000ee80: 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f n .../boot/grub/\n-0000ee90: 7669 6465 6f2e 6c73 74e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 video.lst.......\n-0000eea0: 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 ..GRUB_GFXMODE..\n-0000eeb0: 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2072 .. 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Dependi\n-0000f380: 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 ng on your kerne\n-0000f390: 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 l, your distribu\n-0000f3a0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 tion, your graph\n-0000f3b0: 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 ics card,. a\n-0000f3c0: 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6861 7365 206f 6620 nd the phase of \n-0000f3d0: 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 the moon, note t\n-0000f3e0: 6861 7420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f hat using this o\n-0000f3f0: 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a ption may cause.\n-0000f400: 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2074 GNU/Linux t\n-0000f410: 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 o suffer from va\n-0000f420: 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 rious display pr\n-0000f430: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c oblems, particul\n-0000f440: 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 arly. during\n-0000f450: 2074 6865 2065 6172 6c79 2070 6172 7420 the early part \n-0000f460: 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 of the boot sequ\n-0000f470: 656e 6365 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 ence. 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Set \n-0000f690: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 this option to .\n-0000f6a0: 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e ..false... to en\n-0000f6b0: 6162 6c65 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2066 able this. f\n-0000f6c0: 6561 7475 7265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 eature in the ..\n-0000f6d0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-0000f6e0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a e280 9847 . command......G\n-0000f6f0: 5255 425f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 525f 534b RUB_OS_PROBER_SK\n-0000f700: 4950 5f4c 4953 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 IP_LIST.... \n-0000f710: 4c69 7374 206f 6620 7370 6163 652d 7365 List of space-se\n-0000f720: 7061 7261 7465 6420 4653 2055 5549 4473 parated FS UUIDs\n-0000f730: 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 of filesystems \n-0000f740: 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 6672 to be ignored fr\n-0000f750: 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 om. os-probe\n-0000f760: 7220 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 r output. For e\n-0000f770: 6669 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 fi chainloaders \n-0000f780: 6974 2773 203c 5555 4944 3e40 3c45 4649 it's @.....GRUB_\n-0000f7a0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 5355 424d 454e 55e2 DISABLE_SUBMENU.\n-0000f7b0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 ... 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For\n-0000f890: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2072 6574 7572 6e65 entries returne\n-0000f8a0: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 d by ...os-probe\n-0000f8b0: 72e2 8099 2066 6972 7374 2065 6e74 7279 r... first entry\n-0000f8c0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7574 206f 6e20 will be put on \n-0000f8d0: 746f 700a 2020 2020 206c 6576 656c 2061 top. level a\n-0000f8e0: 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 7320 696e nd all others in\n-0000f8f0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 7468 submenu. If th\n-0000f900: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 is option is set\n-0000f910: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c0a to ...true...,.\n-0000f920: 2020 2020 2066 6c61 7420 6d65 6e75 2077 flat menu w\n-0000f930: 6974 6820 616c 6c20 656e 7472 6965 7320 ith all entries \n-0000f940: 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2077 696c on top level wil\n-0000f950: 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 l be generated i\n-0000f960: 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6861 nstead.. 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The def\n-0000ff50: 6175 6c74 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 ault setting is \n-0000ff60: 3330 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7573 6573 30, which causes\n-0000ff70: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 6169 740a 2020 GRUB to wait. \n-0000ff80: 2020 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 for user inpu\n-0000ff90: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6972 7479 2073 6563 t for thirty sec\n-0000ffa0: 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6e74 onds before cont\n-0000ffb0: 696e 7569 6e67 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6465 inuing. 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The de\n-00010210: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 7265 636f 7665 fault is \"recove\n-00010220: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 222e 0a0a ry. mode\"...\n-00010230: 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 The following\n-00010240: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 7469 options are sti\n-00010250: 6c6c 2061 6363 6570 7465 6420 666f 7220 ll accepted for \n-00010260: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 compatibility wi\n-00010270: 7468 0a65 7869 7374 696e 6720 636f 6e66 th.existing conf\n-00010280: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 igurations, but \n-00010290: 6861 7665 2062 6574 7465 7220 7265 706c have better repl\n-000102a0: 6163 656d 656e 7473 3a0a 0ae2 8098 4752 acements:.....GR\n-000102b0: 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 UB_HIDDEN_TIMEOU\n-000102c0: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5761 6974 2074 T.... 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It is suita\n+0000c120: 626c 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7768 656e ble for use when\n+0000c130: 0a75 7067 7261 6469 6e67 2061 2064 6973 .upgrading a dis\n+0000c140: 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2077 tribution, and w\n+0000c150: 696c 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 2061 7661 ill discover ava\n+0000c160: 696c 6162 6c65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2061 ilable kernels a\n+0000c170: 6e64 0a61 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6765 nd.attempt to ge\n+0000c180: 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 nerate menu entr\n+0000c190: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 ies for them... \n+0000c1a0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 ...grub-mkconf\n+0000c1b0: 6967 e280 9920 646f 6573 2068 6176 6520 ig... does have \n+0000c1c0: 736f 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 some limitations\n+0000c1d0: 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 2061 6464 696e 6720 . While adding \n+0000c1e0: 6578 7472 610a 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e extra.custom men\n+0000c1f0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 u entries to the\n+0000c200: 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 7374 end of the list\n+0000c210: 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 7920 can be done by \n+0000c220: 6564 6974 696e 670a e280 982f 6574 632f editing..../etc/\n+0000c230: 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d grub.d/40_custom\n+0000c240: e280 9920 6f72 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 ... or creating \n+0000c250: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6375 .../boot/grub/cu\n+0000c260: 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2063 6861 stom.cfg..., cha\n+0000c270: 6e67 696e 670a 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 nging.the order \n+0000c280: 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 of menu entries \n+0000c290: 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6569 or changing thei\n+0000c2a0: 7220 7469 746c 6573 206d 6179 2072 6571 r titles may req\n+0000c2b0: 7569 7265 206d 616b 696e 670a 636f 6d70 uire making.comp\n+0000c2c0: 6c65 7820 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f 2073 lex changes to s\n+0000c2d0: 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 7473 2073 746f hell scripts sto\n+0000c2e0: 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 red in .../etc/g\n+0000c2f0: 7275 622e 642f e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 rub.d/.... 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Th\n+0000c430: 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 e file .../etc/d\n+0000c440: 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2063 efault/grub... c\n+0000c450: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 6f70 6572 ontrols the oper\n+0000c460: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 ation of....grub\n+0000c470: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 -mkconfig.... I\n+0000c480: 7420 6973 2073 6f75 7263 6564 2062 7920 t is sourced by \n+0000c490: 6120 7368 656c 6c20 7363 7269 7074 2c20 a shell script, \n+0000c4a0: 616e 6420 736f 206d 7573 7420 6265 2076 and so must be v\n+0000c4b0: 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 6865 6c6c alid.POSIX shell\n+0000c4c0: 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 input; normally\n+0000c4d0: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 , it will just b\n+0000c4e0: 6520 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 e a sequence of \n+0000c4f0: e280 984b 4559 3d76 616c 7565 e280 990a ...KEY=value....\n+0000c500: 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 7574 2069 6620 7468 lines, but if th\n+0000c510: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 e value contains\n+0000c520: 2073 7061 6365 7320 6f72 206f 7468 6572 spaces or other\n+0000c530: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 special charact\n+0000c540: 6572 7320 7468 656e 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 ers then.it must\n+0000c550: 2062 6520 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 be quoted. For\n+0000c560: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n+0000c570: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e GRUB_TERMINAL_IN\n+0000c580: 5055 543d 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 6572 PUT=\"console ser\n+0000c590: 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 616c 6964 206b ial\".. Valid k\n+0000c5a0: 6579 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 eys in .../etc/d\n+0000c5b0: 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2061 efault/grub... a\n+0000c5c0: 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a re as follows:..\n+0000c5d0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 ...GRUB_DEFAULT.\n+0000c5e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ... The defa\n+0000c5f0: 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 ult menu entry. \n+0000c600: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 206e This may be a n\n+0000c610: 756d 6265 722c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 umber, in which \n+0000c620: 6361 7365 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 case it. ide\n+0000c630: 6e74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 4e74 6820 ntifies the Nth \n+0000c640: 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2067 656e entry in the gen\n+0000c650: 6572 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 636f 756e erated menu coun\n+0000c660: 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 ted from zero,. \n+0000c670: 2020 2020 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 or the title\n+0000c680: 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 of a menu entry\n+0000c690: 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c , or the special\n+0000c6a0: 2073 7472 696e 6720 e280 9873 6176 6564 string ...saved\n+0000c6b0: e280 992e 2020 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 .... Using. \n+0000c6c0: 2074 6865 2069 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 the id may be u\n+0000c6d0: 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e seful if you wan\n+0000c6e0: 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 206d 656e 7520 t to set a menu \n+0000c6f0: 656e 7472 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 6566 entry as the def\n+0000c700: 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 6576 656e 2074 ault. even t\n+0000c710: 686f 7567 6820 7468 6572 6520 6d61 7920 hough there may \n+0000c720: 6265 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e75 be a variable nu\n+0000c730: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 7472 6965 7320 mber of entries \n+0000c740: 6265 666f 7265 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 before it... \n+0000c750: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 For example, if\n+0000c760: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 you have:.. \n+0000c770: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d menuentry 'Exam\n+0000c780: 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 ple GNU/Linux di\n+0000c790: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c stribution' --cl\n+0000c7a0: 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d ass gnu-linux --\n+0000c7b0: 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c id example-gnu-l\n+0000c7c0: 696e 7578 207b 0a20 2020 2020 092e 2e2e inux {. ....\n+0000c7d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 7468 . }.. th\n+0000c7e0: 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 en you can make \n+0000c7f0: 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 this the default\n+0000c800: 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 using:.. \n+0000c810: 2020 2047 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d GRUB_DEFAULT=\n+0000c820: 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 example-gnu-linu\n+0000c830: 780a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6576 696f 7573 x.. 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The default\n+0000cca0: 2069 7320 e280 9835 e280 992e 2020 5365 is ...5.... Se\n+0000ccb0: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9830 e280 t to. ...0..\n+0000ccc0: 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6d65 6469 . to boot immedi\n+0000ccd0: 6174 656c 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 ately without di\n+0000cce0: 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e splaying the men\n+0000ccf0: 752c 206f 7220 746f 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 u, or to ...-1..\n+0000cd00: 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7761 6974 2069 . to. wait i\n+0000cd10: 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 ndefinitely... \n+0000cd20: 2020 2049 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 If ...GRUB_TI\n+0000cd30: 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2069 MEOUT_STYLE... i\n+0000cd40: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e s set to ...coun\n+0000cd50: 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 tdown... or ...h\n+0000cd60: 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 650a 2020 idden..., the. \n+0000cd70: 2020 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e timeout is in\n+0000cd80: 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 stead counted be\n+0000cd90: 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 fore the menu is\n+0000cda0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 displayed......\n+0000cdb0: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n+0000cdc0: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 LE.... If th\n+0000cdd0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 is option is uns\n+0000cde0: 6574 206f 7220 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 et or set to ...\n+0000cdf0: 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 menu..., then GR\n+0000ce00: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a UB will display.\n+0000ce10: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e the menu an\n+0000ce20: 6420 7468 656e 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 d then wait for \n+0000ce30: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 the timeout set \n+0000ce40: 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f by ...GRUB_TIMEO\n+0000ce50: 5554 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 UT... to. ex\n+0000ce60: 7069 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 pire before boot\n+0000ce70: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 ing the default \n+0000ce80: 656e 7472 792e 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 entry. Pressing\n+0000ce90: 2061 206b 6579 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 a key interrupt\n+0000cea0: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f s. the timeo\n+0000ceb0: 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 ut... If thi\n+0000cec0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n+0000ced0: 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 to ...countdown.\n+0000cee0: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 .. or ...hidden.\n+0000cef0: 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 6265 666f 7265 .., then, before\n+0000cf00: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 . displaying\n+0000cf10: 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 4220 the menu, GRUB \n+0000cf20: 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 will wait for th\n+0000cf30: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 e timeout set by\n+0000cf40: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 . ...GRUB_TI\n+0000cf50: 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 6578 7069 MEOUT... to expi\n+0000cf60: 7265 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 re. If or\n+0000cf70: 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 7365 are presse\n+0000cf80: 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e0a 2020 d, or . \n+0000cf90: 2020 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 is held down \n+0000cfa0: 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7469 6d65 during that time\n+0000cfb0: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 , it will displa\n+0000cfc0: 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 y the menu and w\n+0000cfd0: 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 ait. for inp\n+0000cfe0: 7574 2e20 2049 6620 6120 686f 746b 6579 ut. If a hotkey\n+0000cff0: 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 associated with\n+0000d000: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 a menu entry is\n+0000d010: 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 pressed, it. \n+0000d020: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 will boot the \n+0000d030: 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 associated menu \n+0000d040: 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c entry immediatel\n+0000d050: 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f y. If the timeo\n+0000d060: 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 7320 ut. expires \n+0000d070: 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 before either of\n+0000d080: 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 these happens, \n+0000d090: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 it will boot the\n+0000d0a0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 656e default. en\n+0000d0b0: 7472 792e 2020 496e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 try. In the ...\n+0000d0c0: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 countdown... cas\n+0000d0d0: 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 e, it will show \n+0000d0e0: 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 a one-line indic\n+0000d0f0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 ation. of th\n+0000d100: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 e remaining time\n+0000d110: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 ......GRUB_DEFAU\n+0000d120: 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 LT_BUTTON.......\n+0000d130: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 GRUB_TIMEOUT_BUT\n+0000d140: 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 TON.......GRUB_T\n+0000d150: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 IMEOUT_STYLE_BUT\n+0000d160: 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 TON.......GRUB_B\n+0000d170: 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 UTTON_CMOS_ADDRE\n+0000d180: 5353 e280 990a 2020 2020 2056 6172 6961 SS.... Varia\n+0000d190: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 nts of the corre\n+0000d1a0: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c sponding variabl\n+0000d1b0: 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 es without the .\n+0000d1c0: 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 .._BUTTON.... \n+0000d1d0: 2020 7375 6666 6978 2c20 7573 6564 2074 suffix, used t\n+0000d1e0: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 o support vendor\n+0000d1f0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 706f 7765 7220 -specific power \n+0000d200: 6275 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a buttons. *Note.\n+0000d210: 2020 2020 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 Vendor powe\n+0000d220: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 r-on keys::.....\n+0000d230: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5354 5249 4255 544f .GRUB_DISTRIBUTO\n+0000d240: 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6279 R.... Set by\n+0000d250: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 distributors of\n+0000d260: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 6972 2069 GRUB to their i\n+0000d270: 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 206e 616d 652e dentifying name.\n+0000d280: 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 This is. u\n+0000d290: 7365 6420 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 sed to generate \n+0000d2a0: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 more informative\n+0000d2b0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c menu entry titl\n+0000d2c0: 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 es......GRUB_TER\n+0000d2d0: 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 MINAL_INPUT.... \n+0000d2e0: 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 Select the t\n+0000d2f0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6465 erminal input de\n+0000d300: 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2073 vice. You may s\n+0000d310: 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 elect multiple d\n+0000d320: 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 7265 evices. here\n+0000d330: 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 , separated by s\n+0000d340: 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 616c paces... Val\n+0000d350: 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 id terminal inpu\n+0000d360: 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f t names depend o\n+0000d370: 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 n the platform, \n+0000d380: 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a but may include.\n+0000d390: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 ...console.\n+0000d3a0: 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 .. (native platf\n+0000d3b0: 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 orm console), ..\n+0000d3c0: 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 .serial... (seri\n+0000d3d0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 al terminal),. \n+0000d3e0: 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f ...serial_... (serial t\n+0000d400: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 erminal with exp\n+0000d410: 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 licit port selec\n+0000d420: 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 tion),. ...a\n+0000d430: 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2850 t_keyboard... (P\n+0000d440: 4320 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6429 2c20 C AT keyboard), \n+0000d450: 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 or ...usb_keyboa\n+0000d460: 7264 e280 9920 2855 5342 206b 6579 626f rd... (USB keybo\n+0000d470: 6172 640a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ard. using t\n+0000d480: 6865 2048 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 he HID Boot Prot\n+0000d490: 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 6361 7365 7320 ocol, for cases \n+0000d4a0: 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 where the firmwa\n+0000d4b0: 7265 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 re does not. \n+0000d4c0: 2068 616e 646c 6520 7468 6973 292e 0a0a handle this)...\n+0000d4d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n+0000d4e0: 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 is to use the p\n+0000d4f0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 latform's native\n+0000d500: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 742e terminal input.\n+0000d510: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e .....GRUB_TERMIN\n+0000d520: 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 AL_OUTPUT.... \n+0000d530: 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 Select the ter\n+0000d540: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2064 6576 minal output dev\n+0000d550: 6963 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 ice. You may se\n+0000d560: 6c65 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 lect multiple de\n+0000d570: 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c vices. here,\n+0000d580: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 separated by sp\n+0000d590: 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 aces... Vali\n+0000d5a0: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 d terminal outpu\n+0000d5b0: 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f t names depend o\n+0000d5c0: 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 n the platform, \n+0000d5d0: 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a but may include.\n+0000d5e0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 ...console.\n+0000d5f0: 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 .. (native platf\n+0000d600: 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 orm console), ..\n+0000d610: 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 .serial... (seri\n+0000d620: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 al terminal),. \n+0000d630: 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f ...serial_... (serial t\n+0000d650: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 erminal with exp\n+0000d660: 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 licit port selec\n+0000d670: 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 tion),. ...g\n+0000d680: 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 2867 7261 7068 fxterm... (graph\n+0000d690: 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 206f 7574 7075 7429 ics-mode output)\n+0000d6a0: 2c20 e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 , ...vga_text...\n+0000d6b0: 2028 5647 4120 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 (VGA text outpu\n+0000d6c0: 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f t),. ...mda_\n+0000d6d0: 7465 7874 e280 9920 284d 4441 2074 6578 text... (MDA tex\n+0000d6e0: 7420 6f75 7470 7574 292c 20e2 8098 6d6f t output), ...mo\n+0000d6f0: 7273 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f 7273 652d 636f rse... 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On receiving\n+0000d830: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d system. com\n+0000d840: 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d pile ...spkmodem\n+0000d850: 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 e280 -recv... from ..\n+0000d860: 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 .util/spkmodem-r\n+0000d870: 6563 762e 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 756e ecv.c... and run\n+0000d880: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 :.. par\n+0000d890: 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 ecord --channels\n+0000d8a0: 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 653d 3438 3030 3020 =1 --rate=48000 \n+0000d8b0: 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 3d73 3136 6c65 207c --format=s16le |\n+0000d8c0: 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 ./spkmodem-recv\n+0000d8d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n+0000d8e0: 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 lt is to use the\n+0000d8f0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 platform's nati\n+0000d900: 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 ve terminal outp\n+0000d910: 7574 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 ut......GRUB_TER\n+0000d920: 4d49 4e41 4ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 MINAL.... If\n+0000d930: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n+0000d940: 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 set, it override\n+0000d950: 7320 626f 7468 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 s both ...GRUB_T\n+0000d960: 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 ERMINAL_INPUT...\n+0000d970: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 and. ...GRU\n+0000d980: 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 B_TERMINAL_OUTPU\n+0000d990: 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 T... to the same\n+0000d9a0: 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 value......GRUB\n+0000d9b0: 5f53 4552 4941 4c5f 434f 4d4d 414e 44e2 _SERIAL_COMMAND.\n+0000d9c0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4120 636f 6d6d 616e ... 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Co\n+0000da60: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d mmand-line argum\n+0000da70: 656e 7473 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 206d ents to add to m\n+0000da80: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 enu entries for \n+0000da90: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c the Linux kernel\n+0000daa0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 ......GRUB_CMDLI\n+0000dab0: 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 NE_LINUX_DEFAULT\n+0000dac0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 .... 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This is u\n+0000e660: 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 sually more reli\n+0000e670: 6162 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d able, but in som\n+0000e680: 6520 6361 7365 7320 6974 206d 6179 0a20 e cases it may. \n+0000e690: 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7070 726f not be appro\n+0000e6a0: 7072 6961 7465 2e20 2054 6f20 6469 7361 priate. 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T\n+0000fc30: 6869 7320 6973 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 his is particula\n+0000fc40: 726c 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 rly. useful \n+0000fc50: 666f 7220 7573 6572 7320 756e 6162 6c65 for users unable\n+0000fc60: 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7468 6520 7363 7265 to see the scre\n+0000fc70: 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f en. The value o\n+0000fc80: 6620 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 f this. opti\n+0000fc90: 6f6e 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2064 6972 on is passed dir\n+0000fca0: 6563 746c 7920 746f 202a 6e6f 7465 2070 ectly to *note p\n+0000fcb0: 6c61 793a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f lay::......GRUB_\n+0000fcc0: 4241 4452 414d e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 BADRAM.... 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If you\n+000104c0: 2073 6574 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 set ...GRUB_HID\n+000104d0: 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 DEN_TIMEOUT..., \n+000104e0: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c73 6f20 you should also \n+000104f0: 7365 740a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 set. ...GRUB\n+00010500: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 3d30 e280 9920 736f _TIMEOUT=0... so\n+00010510: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 that the menu i\n+00010520: 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 s not displayed \n+00010530: 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 6e6c 6573 730a 2020 at all unless. \n+00010540: 2020 203c 4553 433e 206f 7220 3c46 343e or \n+00010550: 2061 7265 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 are pressed, or\n+00010560: 203c 5348 4946 543e 2069 7320 6865 6c64 is held\n+00010570: 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 down... 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The fo\n-00011960: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 llowing words ar\n-00011970: 650a 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 2061 7320 e.recognised as \n-00011980: 7265 7365 7276 6564 2077 6865 6e20 756e reserved when un\n-00011990: 7175 6f74 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6974 6865 quoted and eithe\n-000119a0: 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 r the first word\n-000119b0: 206f 6620 610a 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d of a.simple com\n-000119c0: 6d61 6e64 206f 7220 7468 6520 7468 6972 mand or the thir\n-000119d0: 6420 776f 7264 206f 6620 6120 e280 9866 d word of a ...f\n-000119e0: 6f72 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 643a 0a0a or... command:..\n-000119f0: 2020 2020 2021 205b 5b20 5d5d 207b 207d ! [[ ]] { }\n-00011a00: 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7365 2064 6f20 646f . case do do\n-00011a10: 6e65 2065 6c69 6620 656c 7365 2065 7361 ne elif else esa\n-00011a20: 6320 6669 2066 6f72 2066 756e 6374 696f c fi for functio\n-00011a30: 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6620 696e 206d 656e n. if in men\n-00011a40: 7565 6e74 7279 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 uentry select th\n-00011a50: 656e 2074 696d 6520 756e 7469 6c20 7768 en time until wh\n-00011a60: 696c 650a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 ile.. 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There are \n-00011bd0: 7468 7265 6520 7175 6f74 696e 6720 6d65 three quoting me\n-00011be0: 6368 616e 6973 6d73 3a20 7468 6520 6573 chanisms: the es\n-00011bf0: 6361 7065 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 cape character, \n-00011c00: 7369 6e67 6c65 0a71 756f 7465 732c 2061 single.quotes, a\n-00011c10: 6e64 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 nd double quotes\n-00011c20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 6e6f 6e2d 7175 6f74 ... A non-quot\n-00011c30: 6564 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2028 5c29 ed backslash (\\)\n-00011c40: 2069 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c65 7363 6170 is the ...escap\n-00011c50: 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 72e2 809d 2e20 e character.... \n-00011c60: 2049 7420 7072 6573 6572 7665 730a 7468 It preserves.th\n-00011c70: 6520 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 e literal value \n-00011c80: 6f66 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 6172 of the next char\n-00011c90: 6163 7465 7220 7468 6174 2066 6f6c 6c6f acter that follo\n-00011ca0: 7773 2c20 7769 7468 2074 6865 2065 7863 ws, with the exc\n-00011cb0: 6570 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 6e65 776c 696e eption.of newlin\n-00011cc0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2045 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 e... Enclosing\n-00011cd0: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e 2073 characters in s\n-00011ce0: 696e 676c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2070 7265 ingle quotes pre\n-00011cf0: 7365 7276 6573 2074 6865 206c 6974 6572 serves the liter\n-00011d00: 616c 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 6561 6368 al value of.each\n-00011d10: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2077 6974 6869 character withi\n-00011d20: 6e20 7468 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 2041 n the quotes. A\n-00011d30: 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 single quote ma\n-00011d40: 7920 6e6f 7420 6f63 6375 7220 6265 7477 y not occur betw\n-00011d50: 6565 6e0a 7369 6e67 6c65 2071 756f 7465 een.single quote\n-00011d60: 732c 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2070 7265 s, even when pre\n-00011d70: 6365 6465 6420 6279 2061 2062 6163 6b73 ceded by a backs\n-00011d80: 6c61 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 456e 636c 6f73 lash... Enclos\n-00011d90: 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2069 ing characters i\n-00011da0: 6e20 646f 7562 6c65 2071 756f 7465 7320 n double quotes \n-00011db0: 7072 6573 6572 7665 7320 7468 6520 6c69 preserves the li\n-00011dc0: 7465 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a61 teral value of.a\n-00011dd0: 6c6c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 7769 ll characters wi\n-00011de0: 7468 696e 2074 6865 2071 756f 7465 732c thin the quotes,\n-00011df0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6578 6365 7074 with the except\n-00011e00: 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 24e2 8099 2061 ion of ...$... a\n-00011e10: 6e64 20e2 8098 5ce2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 nd ...\\.....The \n-00011e20: e280 9824 e280 9920 6368 6172 6163 7465 ...$... characte\n-00011e30: 7220 7265 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 7370 r retains its sp\n-00011e40: 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 616e 696e 6720 7769 ecial meaning wi\n-00011e50: 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 thin double quot\n-00011e60: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a62 6163 6b73 6c61 es. The.backsla\n-00011e70: 7368 2072 6574 6169 6e73 2069 7473 2073 sh retains its s\n-00011e80: 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 206f pecial meaning o\n-00011e90: 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 nly when followe\n-00011ea0: 6420 6279 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 650a d by one of the.\n-00011eb0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 following charac\n-00011ec0: 7465 7273 3a20 e280 9824 e280 992c 20e2 ters: ...$..., .\n-00011ed0: 8098 22e2 8099 2c20 e280 985c e280 992c ..\"..., ...\\...,\n-00011ee0: 206f 7220 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 4120 or newline. A \n-00011ef0: 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e backslash-newlin\n-00011f00: 650a 7061 6972 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 e.pair is treate\n-00011f10: 6420 6173 2061 206c 696e 6520 636f 6e74 d as a line cont\n-00011f20: 696e 7561 7469 6f6e 2028 7468 6174 2069 inuation (that i\n-00011f30: 732c 2069 7420 6973 2072 656d 6f76 6564 s, it is removed\n-00011f40: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 696e 7075 7420 from the.input \n-00011f50: 7374 7265 616d 2061 6e64 2065 6666 6563 stream and effec\n-00011f60: 7469 7665 6c79 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2831 tively ignored(1\n-00011f70: 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c ) (*note Shell-l\n-00011f80: 696b 650a 7363 7269 7074 696e 672d 466f ike.scripting-Fo\n-00011f90: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2929 2e20 2041 otnote-1::)). A\n-00011fa0: 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 double quote ma\n-00011fb0: 7920 6265 2071 756f 7465 6420 7769 7468 y be quoted with\n-00011fc0: 696e 2064 6f75 626c 650a 7175 6f74 6573 in double.quotes\n-00011fd0: 2062 7920 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 6974 by preceding it\n-00011fe0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 with a backslas\n-00011ff0: 682e 0a0a 5661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 h...Variable exp\n-00012000: 616e 7369 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ansion.=========\n-00012010: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 20e2 =========..The .\n-00012020: 8098 24e2 8099 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 ..$... character\n-00012030: 2069 6e74 726f 6475 6365 7320 7661 7269 introduces vari\n-00012040: 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e20 able expansion. \n-00012050: 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 The variable na\n-00012060: 6d65 2074 6f0a 6265 2065 7870 616e 6465 me to.be expande\n-00012070: 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 d may be enclose\n-00012080: 6420 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2077 6869 d in braces, whi\n-00012090: 6368 2061 7265 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 ch are optional \n-000120a0: 6275 7420 7365 7276 6520 746f 0a70 726f but serve to.pro\n-000120b0: 7465 6374 2074 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c tect the variabl\n-000120c0: 6520 746f 2062 6520 6578 7061 6e64 6564 e to be expanded\n-000120d0: 2066 726f 6d20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 from characters\n-000120e0: 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 0a66 6f6c immediately.fol\n-000120f0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7420 7768 6963 6820 lowing it which \n-00012100: 636f 756c 6420 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 could be interpr\n-00012110: 6574 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 eted as part of \n-00012120: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f the name... No\n-00012130: 726d 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 rmal variable na\n-00012140: 6d65 7320 6265 6769 6e20 7769 7468 2061 mes begin with a\n-00012150: 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 6963 2063 6861 n alphabetic cha\n-00012160: 7261 6374 6572 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 racter, followed\n-00012170: 2062 790a 7a65 726f 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 by.zero or more\n-00012180: 2061 6c70 6861 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6368 alphanumeric ch\n-00012190: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2e20 2054 6865 7365 aracters. These\n-000121a0: 206e 616d 6573 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 names refer to \n-000121b0: 656e 7472 6965 7320 696e 0a74 6865 2047 entries in.the G\n-000121c0: 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 RUB environment \n-000121d0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 (*note Environme\n-000121e0: 6e74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2050 6f73 6974 nt::)... Posit\n-000121f0: 696f 6e61 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e ional variable n\n-00012200: 616d 6573 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 206f 6620 ames consist of \n-00012210: 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6469 6769 one or more digi\n-00012220: 7473 2e20 2054 6865 790a 7265 7072 6573 ts. They.repres\n-00012230: 656e 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2070 ent parameters p\n-00012240: 6173 7365 6420 746f 2066 756e 6374 696f assed to functio\n-00012250: 6e20 6361 6c6c 732c 2077 6974 6820 e280 n calls, with ..\n-00012260: 9824 31e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 .$1... represent\n-00012270: 696e 670a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 ing.the first pa\n-00012280: 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 rameter, and so \n-00012290: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7370 6563 on... The spec\n-000122a0: 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d ial variable nam\n-000122b0: 6520 e280 983f e280 9920 6578 7061 6e64 e ...?... expand\n-000122c0: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 s to the exit st\n-000122d0: 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 atus of the most\n-000122e0: 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 6578 6563 7574 .recently execut\n-000122f0: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2057 6865 ed command. Whe\n-00012300: 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2076 6172 n positional var\n-00012310: 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 iable names are \n-00012320: 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 6865 7220 7370 active,.other sp\n-00012330: 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e ecial variable n\n-00012340: 616d 6573 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 2c20 e280 ames ...@..., ..\n-00012350: 982a e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9823 e280 .*... and ...#..\n-00012360: 9920 6172 6520 6465 6669 6e65 6420 616e . are defined an\n-00012370: 6420 7468 6579 0a65 7870 616e 6420 746f d they.expand to\n-00012380: 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 all positional \n-00012390: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 parameters with \n-000123a0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7175 6f74 696e necessary quotin\n-000123b0: 672c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a 7061 g, positional.pa\n-000123c0: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 686f 7574 rameters without\n-000123d0: 2061 6e79 2071 756f 7469 6e67 2c20 616e any quoting, an\n-000123e0: 6420 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 d positional par\n-000123f0: 616d 6574 6572 2063 6f75 6e74 0a72 6573 ameter count.res\n-00012400: 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 436f 6d6d pectively...Comm\n-00012410: 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 ents.========..A\n-00012420: 2077 6f72 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 word beginning \n-00012430: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2063 6175 with ...#... cau\n-00012440: 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 6f72 6420 616e ses that word an\n-00012450: 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 d all remaining \n-00012460: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a6f 6e20 7468 characters.on th\n-00012470: 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f 2062 6520 6967 at line to be ig\n-00012480: 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 nored...Simple c\n-00012490: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ommands.========\n-000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 7369 =======..A ...si\n-000124b0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 mple command... \n-000124c0: 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 is a sequence of\n-000124d0: 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 words separated\n-000124e0: 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 7461 by spaces or ta\n-000124f0: 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 bs.and terminate\n-00012500: 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e d by a semicolon\n-00012510: 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 or a newline. \n-00012520: 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2073 The first word s\n-00012530: 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d pecifies.the com\n-00012540: 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7865 6375 mand to be execu\n-00012550: 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e ted. The remain\n-00012560: 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 6520 7061 ing words are pa\n-00012570: 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 ssed as argument\n-00012580: 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 s.to the invoked\n-00012590: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 command... Th\n-000125a0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 206f e return value o\n-000125b0: 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 f a simple comma\n-000125c0: 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 nd is its exit s\n-000125d0: 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a72 tatus. If the.r\n-000125e0: 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 20e2 8098 eserved word ...\n-000125f0: 21e2 8099 2070 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 !... precedes th\n-00012600: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 e command, then \n-00012610: 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 the return value\n-00012620: 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 is instead.the \n-00012630: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e logical negation\n-00012640: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 of the command'\n-00012650: 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a s exit status...\n-00012660: 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 Compound command\n-00012670: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-00012680: 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 636f 6d70 6f75 ===..A ...compou\n-00012690: 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 nd command... is\n-000126a0: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 6c6c one of the foll\n-000126b0: 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 owing:..for NAME\n-000126c0: 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f in WORD ...; do\n-000126d0: 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 LIST; done. \n-000126e0: 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 The list of wor\n-000126f0: 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 20e2 8098 ds following ...\n-00012700: 696e e280 9920 6973 2065 7870 616e 6465 in... is expande\n-00012710: 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 6120 d, generating a \n-00012720: 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2069 7465 list of. ite\n-00012730: 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c ms. The variabl\n-00012740: 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f e NAME is set to\n-00012750: 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 6f66 each element of\n-00012760: 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a 2020 this list in. \n-00012770: 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c 4953 turn, and LIS\n-00012780: 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 6561 T is executed ea\n-00012790: 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 ch time. The re\n-000127a0: 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 7468 turn value is th\n-000127b0: 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 e exit. stat\n-000127c0: 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 us of the last c\n-000127d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6578 6563 ommand that exec\n-000127e0: 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6578 utes. If the ex\n-000127f0: 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 pansion of the. \n-00012800: 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 items follow\n-00012810: 696e 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 ing ...in... res\n-00012820: 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 ults in an empty\n-00012830: 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e list, no comman\n-00012840: 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 ds are. exec\n-00012850: 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 uted, and the re\n-00012860: 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 turn status is 0\n-00012870: 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e ...if LIST; then\n-00012880: 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 LIST; [elif LIS\n-00012890: 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e T; then LIST;] .\n-000128a0: 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 .. [else LIST;] \n-000128b0: 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9869 fi. The ...i\n-000128c0: 66e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 f... LIST is exe\n-000128d0: 6375 7465 642c 2077 6865 7265 204c 4953 cuted, where LIS\n-000128e0: 5420 6973 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 T is a series of\n-000128f0: 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 ...simple. \n-00012900: 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 command...s sepa\n-00012910: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 rated by a \";\". \n-00012920: 2049 6620 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 If its exit sta\n-00012930: 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 740a tus of the last.\n-00012940: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 command is \n-00012950: 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9874 6865 zero, the ...the\n-00012960: 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 n... LIST is exe\n-00012970: 6375 7465 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 cuted. Otherwis\n-00012980: 652c 2065 6163 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 e, each. ...\n-00012990: 656c 6966 e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 elif... LIST is \n-000129a0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 726e executed in turn\n-000129b0: 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2069 7473 206c 6173 , and if its las\n-000129c0: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 t command's exit\n-000129d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 . status is \n-000129e0: 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 zero, the corres\n-000129f0: 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 ponding ...then.\n-00012a00: 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 .. LIST is execu\n-00012a10: 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 ted and the. \n-00012a20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 command complet\n-00012a30: 6573 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 es. Otherwise, \n-00012a40: 7468 6520 e280 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 204c the ...else... L\n-00012a50: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c IST is executed,\n-00012a60: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7365 6e74 if. present\n-00012a70: 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 . The exit stat\n-00012a80: 7573 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 us is the exit s\n-00012a90: 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 tatus of the las\n-00012aa0: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 t command. e\n-00012ab0: 7865 6375 7465 642c 206f 7220 7a65 726f xecuted, or zero\n-00012ac0: 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e if no condition\n-00012ad0: 2074 6573 7465 6420 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 tested true...w\n-00012ae0: 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 hile COND; do LI\n-00012af0: 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 ST; done.until C\n-00012b00: 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f OND; do LIST; do\n-00012b10: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9877 ne. The ...w\n-00012b20: 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 hile... command \n-00012b30: 636f 6e74 696e 756f 7573 6c79 2065 7865 continuously exe\n-00012b40: 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 cutes the ...do.\n-00012b50: 8099 204c 4953 5420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 .. LIST as long \n-00012b60: 6173 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c61 7374 as. the last\n-00012b70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 command in COND\n-00012b80: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 6974 returns an exit\n-00012b90: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c status of zero,\n-00012ba0: 2077 6865 7265 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 where COND. \n-00012bb0: 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 is a list of ..\n-00012bc0: 9c73 696d 706c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 .simple command.\n-00012bd0: 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ..s separated by\n-00012be0: 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 a \";\". The ...\n-00012bf0: 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f until.... co\n-00012c00: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6963 mmand is identic\n-00012c10: 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9877 6869 al to the ...whi\n-00012c20: 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 le... command, e\n-00012c30: 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 xcept that the t\n-00012c40: 6573 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e65 6761 est. is nega\n-00012c50: 7465 643b 2074 6865 20e2 8098 646f e280 ted; the ...do..\n-00012c60: 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 . LIST is execut\n-00012c70: 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 ed as long as th\n-00012c80: 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 e last command. \n-00012c90: 2020 2020 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 in COND retu\n-00012ca0: 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 rns a non-zero e\n-00012cb0: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 xit status. The\n-00012cc0: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 exit status of \n-00012cd0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7768 696c the. ...whil\n-00012ce0: 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 756e 7469 e... and ...unti\n-00012cf0: 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 l... commands is\n-00012d00: 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 the exit status\n-00012d10: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 of the last ...\n-00012d20: 646f e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 4953 5420 do.... LIST \n-00012d30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 command executed\n-00012d40: 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e , or zero if non\n-00012d50: 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a e was executed..\n-00012d60: 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b .function NAME {\n-00012d70: 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a COMMAND; ... }.\n-00012d80: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 This define\n-00012d90: 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e 616d s a function nam\n-00012da0: 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 5468 6520 e280 ed NAME. The ..\n-00012db0: 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 .body... of the \n-00012dc0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 function is. \n-00012dd0: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d the list of com\n-00012de0: 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 mands within bra\n-00012df0: 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 ces, each of whi\n-00012e00: 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 ch must be. \n-00012e10: 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 terminated with \n-00012e20: 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 a semicolon or a\n-00012e30: 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 newline. This \n-00012e40: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 list of commands\n-00012e50: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 . will be ex\n-00012e60: 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 ecuted whenever \n-00012e70: 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 NAME is specifie\n-00012e80: 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 d as the name of\n-00012e90: 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 a simple. c\n-00012ea0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f ommand. Functio\n-00012eb0: 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f n definitions do\n-00012ec0: 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 not affect the \n-00012ed0: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 exit status in. \n-00012ee0: 2020 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 ...$?.... W\n-00012ef0: 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 hen executed, th\n-00012f00: 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 e exit status of\n-00012f10: 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 a function is t\n-00012f20: 6865 2065 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 he exit. sta\n-00012f30: 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 tus of the last \n-00012f40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 command executed\n-00012f50: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d in the body...m\n-00012f60: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b enuentry TITLE [\n-00012f70: e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 ...--class=class\n-00012f80: e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 982d 2d75 ... ...] [...--u\n-00012f90: 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 e280 995d 205b sers=users...] [\n-00012fa0: e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 ...--unrestricte\n-00012fb0: 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b d...] [...--hotk\n-00012fc0: 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 995d 205b e280 982d ey=key...] [...-\n-00012fd0: 2d69 643d 6964 e280 995d 207b 2043 4f4d -id=id...] { COM\n-00012fe0: 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 MAND; ... }. \n-00012ff0: 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 *Note menuentry\n-00013000: 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f ::...Built-in Co\n-00013010: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mmands.=========\n-00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 ========..Some b\n-00013030: 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 uilt-in commands\n-00013040: 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 are also provid\n-00013050: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 ed by GRUB scrip\n-00013060: 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 7363 7269 7074 t to help script\n-00013070: 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 6572 666f 726d .writers perform\n-00013080: 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 actions that ar\n-00013090: 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 e otherwise not \n-000130a0: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 possible. For e\n-000130b0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 696e xample,.these in\n-000130c0: 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 clude commands t\n-000130d0: 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 206f 6620 6120 o jump out of a \n-000130e0: 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f 7574 2066 756c loop without ful\n-000130f0: 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696e 670a 6974 ly completing.it\n-00013100: 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 , etc...break [.\n-00013110: 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 ..n...]. Exi\n-00013120: 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 t from within a \n-00013130: e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 ...for..., ...wh\n-00013140: 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 756e ile..., or ...un\n-00013150: 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 til... loop. If\n-00013160: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 ...n... is. \n-00013170: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6272 6561 specified, brea\n-00013180: 6b20 e280 986e e280 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 k ...n... levels\n-00013190: 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 . ...n... must \n-000131a0: 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 be greater than \n-000131b0: 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 or equal to. \n-000131c0: 2031 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 1. If ...n... \n-000131d0: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 is greater than \n-000131e0: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e the number of en\n-000131f0: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 closing loops, a\n-00013200: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636c 6f73 696e ll. enclosin\n-00013210: 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 6520 6578 6974 g loops are exit\n-00013220: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 ed. The return \n-00013230: 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 value is 0 unles\n-00013240: 7320 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 s ...n... is. \n-00013250: 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 not greater th\n-00013260: 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2031 an or equal to 1\n-00013270: 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 ...continue [...\n-00013280: 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d n...]. Resum\n-00013290: 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 e the next itera\n-000132a0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c tion of the encl\n-000132b0: 6f73 696e 6720 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c osing ...for...,\n-000132c0: 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 206f 720a ...while... or.\n-000132d0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 ...until...\n-000132e0: 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 loop. If ...n.\n-000132f0: 8099 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c .. is specified,\n-00013300: 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 20e2 resume at the .\n-00013310: 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 ..n...th enclosi\n-00013320: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 ng. loop. .\n-00013330: 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 ..n... must be g\n-00013340: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n-00013350: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 2020 4966 20e2 qual to 1. If .\n-00013360: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 ..n... is greate\n-00013370: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 r. than the \n-00013380: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 number of enclos\n-00013390: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 6865 206c ing loops, the l\n-000133a0: 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f ast enclosing lo\n-000133b0: 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 809c op (the. ...\n-000133c0: 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f top-level... loo\n-000133d0: 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 p) is resumed. \n-000133e0: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n-000133f0: 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 is 0 unless ...\n-00013400: 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 n... is. not\n-00013410: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 greater than or\n-00013420: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 equal to 1...re\n-00013430: 7475 726e 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 turn [...n...]. \n-00013440: 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 2061 2066 756e Causes a fun\n-00013450: 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 7869 7420 7769 ction to exit wi\n-00013460: 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 th the return va\n-00013470: 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 lue specified by\n-00013480: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 ...n..... I\n-00013490: 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 206f 6d69 f ...n... is omi\n-000134a0: 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e tted, the return\n-000134b0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 status is that \n-000134c0: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n-000134d0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 and. execute\n-000134e0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f d in the functio\n-000134f0: 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 n body. If used\n-00013500: 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 outside a funct\n-00013510: 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 ion the. ret\n-00013520: 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 urn status is fa\n-00013530: 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 lse...setparams \n-00013540: 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a [...arg...] ....\n-00013550: 2020 2020 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 Replace pos\n-00013560: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 itional paramete\n-00013570: 7273 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 rs starting with\n-00013580: 20e2 8098 2431 e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 ...$1... with a\n-00013590: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 rguments to. \n-000135a0: 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6172 616d 73e2 8099 ...setparams...\n-000135b0: 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b e280 986e e280 ...shift [...n..\n-000135c0: 995d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 .]. The posi\n-000135d0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 tional parameter\n-000135e0: 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 s from ...n...+1\n-000135f0: 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 ... are renamed\n-00013600: 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e to ...$1.......\n-00013610: 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 . Parameters\n-00013620: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2062 7920 represented by \n-00013630: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e280 9824 the numbers ...$\n-00013640: 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 #... down to ...\n-00013650: 2423 e280 992d e280 986e e280 992b 3120 $#...-...n...+1 \n-00013660: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 are. unset. \n-00013670: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 ...n... must be\n-00013680: 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 6520 a non-negative \n-00013690: 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e number less than\n-000136a0: 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 or equal to. \n-000136b0: 2020 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 ...$#.... If \n-000136c0: e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f ...n... is 0, no\n-000136d0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 parameters are \n-000136e0: 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 changed. If ...\n-000136f0: 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 n... is not. \n-00013700: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 given, it is as\n-00013710: 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 sumed to be 1. \n-00013720: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 If ...n... is gr\n-00013730: 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 eater than ...$#\n-00013740: e280 992c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 706f ..., the. po\n-00013750: 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 sitional paramet\n-00013760: 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 616e ers are not chan\n-00013770: 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e ged. The return\n-00013780: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 status is. \n-00013790: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 greater than zer\n-000137a0: 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 o if ...n... is \n-000137b0: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 greater than ...\n-000137c0: 2423 e280 9920 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 $#... or less th\n-000137d0: 616e 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 an zero;. ot\n-000137e0: 6865 7277 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 herwise 0.....Fi\n-000137f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00013800: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 Node: Shell-like\n-00013810: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e scripting-Footn\n-00013820: 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c otes, Up: Shell\n-00013830: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a -like scripting.\n-00013840: 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c . (1) Currentl\n-00013850: 7920 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 y a backslash-ne\n-00013860: 776c 696e 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 wline pair withi\n-00013870: 6e20 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d n a variable nam\n-00013880: 6520 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 e is not.handled\n-00013890: 2070 726f 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 properly, so us\n-000138a0: 6520 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 e this feature w\n-000138b0: 6974 6820 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a ith some care...\n-000138c0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000138d0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d o, Node: Multi-\n-000138e0: 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 boot manual conf\n-000138f0: 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 ig, Next: Embed\n-00013900: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n-00013910: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d n, Prev: Shell-\n-00013920: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 like scripting, \n-00013930: 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 Up: Configurati\n-00013940: 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f on..6.4 Multi-bo\n-00013950: 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 ot manual config\n-00013960: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 =============..C\n-00013980: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e urrently autogen\n-00013990: 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 erating config f\n-000139a0: 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 iles for multi-b\n-000139b0: 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 oot environments\n-000139c0: 0a64 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 .depends on os-p\n-000139d0: 726f 6265 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 rober and has se\n-000139e0: 7665 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e veral shortcomin\n-000139f0: 6773 2e20 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 gs. Due to that\n-00013a00: 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 it is.disabled \n-00013a10: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 by default. It \n-00013a20: 6973 2061 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 is advised to us\n-00013a30: 6520 7468 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 e the power of G\n-00013a40: 5255 4220 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 RUB syntax and.d\n-00013a50: 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 o it yourself. \n-00013a60: 4120 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 A possible confi\n-00013a70: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 guration is deta\n-00013a80: 696c 6564 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 iled here, feel \n-00013a90: 6672 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 free to.adjust t\n-00013aa0: 6f20 796f 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 o your needs... \n-00013ab0: 2020 4669 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 First create a\n-00013ac0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 separate GRUB p\n-00013ad0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e artition, big en\n-00013ae0: 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 ough to hold GRU\n-00013af0: 422e 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 B. Some.of the f\n-00013b00: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 ollowing entries\n-00013b10: 2073 686f 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 show how to loa\n-00013b20: 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 d OS installer i\n-00013b30: 6d61 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a mages from this.\n-00013b40: 7361 6d65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 same partition, \n-00013b50: 666f 7220 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 for that you obv\n-00013b60: 696f 7573 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d iously need to m\n-00013b70: 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ake the partitio\n-00013b80: 6e20 6c61 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 n large.enough t\n-00013b90: 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 o hold those ima\n-00013ba0: 6765 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f ges as well. Mo\n-00013bb0: 756e 7420 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 unt this partiti\n-00013bc0: 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 on on/mnt/boot.a\n-00013bd0: 6e64 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 nd disable GRUB \n-00013be0: 696e 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 in all OSes and \n-00013bf0: 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c manually install\n-00013c00: 2073 656c 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c self-compiled l\n-00013c10: 6174 6573 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a atest.GRUB with:\n-00013c20: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 .. ...grub-ins\n-00013c30: 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 tall --boot-dire\n-00013c40: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 ctory=/mnt/boot \n-00013c50: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 990a 0a20 2020 /dev/sda..... \n-00013c60: 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 204f 5365 7320 In all the OSes \n-00013c70: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2074 6f6f install GRUB too\n-00013c80: 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2069 ls but disable i\n-00013c90: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 nstalling GRUB i\n-00013ca0: 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 736f n.bootsector, so\n-00013cb0: 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 7665 206d 656e you'll have men\n-00013cc0: 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 6772 7562 2e63 u.lst and grub.c\n-00013cd0: 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 fg available for\n-00013ce0: 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 6973 6162 use..Also disab\n-00013cf0: 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 2075 7365 le os-prober use\n-00013d00: 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 by setting:.. \n-00013d10: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ...GRUB_DISABLE\n-00013d20: 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 _OS_PROBER=true.\n-00013d30: 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 .... in /etc/d\n-00013d40: 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 efault/grub.. \n-00013d50: 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 2061 2067 7275 Then write a gru\n-00013d60: 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 b.cfg (/mnt/boot\n-00013d70: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 293a /grub/grub.cfg):\n-00013d80: 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 ... menuentr\n-00013d90: 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 y \"OS using grub\n-00013da0: 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 2\" {. ins\n-00013db0: 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod xfs. \n-00013dc0: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n-00013dd0: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d t --label OS1 --\n-00013de0: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a hint hd0,msdos8.\n-00013df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 configfi\n-00013e00: 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 le /boot/grub/gr\n-00013e10: 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 ub.cfg. }.. \n-00013e20: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f menuentry \"O\n-00013e30: 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 322d 6c65 S using grub2-le\n-00013e40: 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 gacy\" {. \n-00013e50: 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 320a 2020 2020 insmod ext2. \n-00013e60: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n-00013e70: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 =root --label OS\n-00013e80: 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 2 --hint hd0,msd\n-00013e90: 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6761 os6. lega\n-00013ea0: 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 cy_configfile /b\n-00013eb0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 oot/grub/menu.ls\n-00013ec0: 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d t. }.. m\n-00013ed0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 enuentry \"Window\n-00013ee0: 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s XP\" {. \n-00013ef0: 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 730a 2020 2020 insmod ntfs. \n-00013f00: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n-00013f10: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 =root --label WI\n-00013f20: 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d 2d68 696e 7420 NDOWS_XP --hint \n-00013f30: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos1. \n-00013f40: 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 720a ntldr /ntldr.\n-00013f50: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n-00013f60: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 uentry \"Windows \n-00013f70: 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7\" {. ins\n-00013f80: 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 mod ntfs. \n-00013f90: 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f search --set=ro\n-00013fa0: 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 494e 444f ot --label WINDO\n-00013fb0: 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c WS_7 --hint hd0,\n-00013fc0: 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e msdos2. n\n-00013fd0: 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 tldr /bootmgr. \n-00013fe0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n-00013ff0: 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 4253 4422 207b ntry \"FreeBSD\" {\n-00014000: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00014010: 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 2020 2020 insmod zfs. \n-00014020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 search\n-00014030: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n-00014040: 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 bel freepool --h\n-00014050: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7337 0a20 int hd0,msdos7. \n-00014060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b66 kf\n-00014070: 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 reebsd /freebsd@\n-00014080: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b 6572 /boot/kernel/ker\n-00014090: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nel. \n-000140a0: 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 kfreebsd_modu\n-000140b0: 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 le_elf /freebsd@\n-000140c0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6f 7065 /boot/kernel/ope\n-000140d0: 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 nsolaris.ko. \n-000140e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 kfree\n-000140f0: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f bsd_module_elf /\n-00014100: 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 freebsd@/boot/ke\n-00014110: 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 rnel/zfs.ko. \n-00014120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 kfree\n-00014130: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6672 6565 bsd_module /free\n-00014140: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 732f 7a70 bsd@/boot/zfs/zp\n-00014150: 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 7479 7065 3d2f ool.cache type=/\n-00014160: 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f 6f6c 2e63 boot/zfs/zpool.c\n-00014170: 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ache. \n-00014180: 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 set kFreeBSD\n-00014190: 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f 756e 7466 .vfs.root.mountf\n-000141a0: 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 6565 706f 6f6c rom=zfs:freepool\n-000141b0: 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 /freebsd. \n-000141c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 set kFre\n-000141d0: 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e 7379 6e61 eBSD.hw.psm.syna\n-000141e0: 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 6f72 743d 310a ptics_support=1.\n-000141f0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n-00014200: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 7065 7269 6d65 uentry \"experime\n-00014210: 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 207b 0a20 2020 ntal GRUB\" {. \n-00014220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n-00014230: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n-00014240: 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e label GRUB --hin\n-00014250: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos5. \n-00014260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 mult\n-00014270: 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 6572 696d 656e iboot /experimen\n-00014280: 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 tal/grub/i386-pc\n-00014290: 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d /core.img. }\n-000142a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-000142b0: 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 3620 696e 7374 \"Fedora 16 inst\n-000142c0: 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 aller\" {. \n-000142d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n-000142e0: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n-000142f0: 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 l GRUB --hint hd\n-00014300: 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos5. \n-00014310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 7820 2f66 linux /f\n-00014320: 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 6c61 edora/vmlinuz la\n-00014330: 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7272 6f72 2e73 7769 7463 p://mirror.switc\n-00014430: 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f 722f 6665 646f h.ch/mirror/fedo\n-00014440: 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 6576 656c 6f70 ra/linux/develop\n-00014450: 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 6465 2f78 3836 ment/rawhide/x86\n-00014460: 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b _64 lang=en_US k\n-00014470: 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 eymap=sg resolut\n-00014480: 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 ion=1280x800. \n-00014490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 init\n-000144a0: 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 rd /fedora/initr\n-000144b0: 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 d.img. }.. \n-000144c0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4465 menuentry \"De\n-000144d0: 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c bian sid install\n-000144e0: 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er\" {. \n-000144f0: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 search --se\n-00014500: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 t=root --label G\n-00014510: 5255 4220 2d2d 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Not\n-000145f0: 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7267 756d es:. ... Argum\n-00014600: 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 6166 ent to search af\n-00014610: 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 7320 4653 ter -label is FS\n-00014620: 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 6361 6e20 LABEL. 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W\n+00011850: 6f72 6473 2061 7265 2073 6570 6172 6174 ords are separat\n+00011860: 6564 2062 7920 e280 9c6d 6574 6163 6861 ed by ...metacha\n+00011870: 7261 6374 6572 73e2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 racters..., whic\n+00011880: 6820 6172 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 h are the follow\n+00011890: 696e 670a 706c 7573 2073 7061 6365 2c20 ing.plus space, \n+000118a0: 7461 622c 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 tab, and newline\n+000118b0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7b20 7d20 7c20 2620 :.. { } | & \n+000118c0: 2420 3b20 3c20 3e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6f74 $ ; < >.. Quot\n+000118d0: 696e 6720 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 ing may be used \n+000118e0: 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206d 6574 6163 to include metac\n+000118f0: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e 2077 6f72 haracters in wor\n+00011900: 6473 3b20 7365 6520 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a ds; see below...\n+00011910: 5265 7365 7276 6564 2077 6f72 6473 0a3d Reserved words.=\n+00011920: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 =============..R\n+00011930: 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6861 eserved words ha\n+00011940: 7665 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 ve a special mea\n+00011950: 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e20 5468 ning to GRUB. 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[[ ]]\n+00011a00: 207b 207d 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7365 2064 { }. case d\n+00011a10: 6f20 646f 6e65 2065 6c69 6620 656c 7365 o done elif else\n+00011a20: 2065 7361 6320 6669 2066 6f72 2066 756e esac fi for fun\n+00011a30: 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6620 696e ction. if in\n+00011a40: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2073 656c 6563 menuentry selec\n+00011a50: 7420 7468 656e 2074 696d 6520 756e 7469 t then time unti\n+00011a60: 6c20 7768 696c 650a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7420 l while.. 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A single quot\n+00011d40: 6520 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6f63 6375 7220 e may not occur \n+00011d50: 6265 7477 6565 6e0a 7369 6e67 6c65 2071 between.single q\n+00011d60: 756f 7465 732c 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e uotes, even when\n+00011d70: 2070 7265 6365 6465 6420 6279 2061 2062 preceded by a b\n+00011d80: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 456e ackslash... En\n+00011d90: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 closing characte\n+00011da0: 7273 2069 6e20 646f 7562 6c65 2071 756f rs in double quo\n+00011db0: 7465 7320 7072 6573 6572 7665 7320 7468 tes preserves th\n+00011dc0: 6520 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 e literal value \n+00011dd0: 6f66 0a61 6c6c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 of.all character\n+00011de0: 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2071 756f s within the quo\n+00011df0: 7465 732c 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6578 tes, with the ex\n+00011e00: 6365 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 24e2 ception of ...$.\n+00011e10: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 5ce2 8099 2e0a .. and ...\\.....\n+00011e20: 5468 6520 e280 9824 e280 9920 6368 6172 The ...$... char\n+00011e30: 6163 7465 7220 7265 7461 696e 7320 6974 acter retains it\n+00011e40: 7320 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 616e 696e s special meanin\n+00011e50: 6720 7769 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c 6520 g within double \n+00011e60: 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a62 6163 quotes. 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They.re\n+00012230: 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 present paramete\n+00012240: 7273 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2066 756e rs passed to fun\n+00012250: 6374 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c 732c 2077 6974 ction calls, wit\n+00012260: 6820 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 h ...$1... repre\n+00012270: 7365 6e74 696e 670a 7468 6520 6669 7273 senting.the firs\n+00012280: 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2061 6e64 t parameter, and\n+00012290: 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 so on... The \n+000122a0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 special variable\n+000122b0: 206e 616d 6520 e280 983f e280 9920 6578 name ...?... ex\n+000122c0: 7061 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 7869 pands to the exi\n+000122d0: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 t status of the \n+000122e0: 6d6f 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 6578 most.recently ex\n+000122f0: 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 ecuted command. \n+00012300: 2057 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c When positional\n+00012310: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 variable names \n+00012320: 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 6865 are active,.othe\n+00012330: 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 r special variab\n+00012340: 6c65 206e 616d 6573 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 le names ...@...\n+00012350: 2c20 e280 982a e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 , ...*... and ..\n+00012360: 9823 e280 9920 6172 6520 6465 6669 6e65 .#... are define\n+00012370: 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 7870 616e d and they.expan\n+00012380: 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 696f d to all positio\n+00012390: 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 nal parameters w\n+000123a0: 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7175 ith necessary qu\n+000123b0: 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 oting, positiona\n+000123c0: 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 l.parameters wit\n+000123d0: 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f 7469 6e67 hout any quoting\n+000123e0: 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c , and positional\n+000123f0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 6f75 6e74 parameter count\n+00012400: 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a .respectively...\n+00012410: 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Comments.=======\n+00012420: 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 6769 6e6e =..A word beginn\n+00012430: 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 ing with ...#...\n+00012440: 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 6f72 causes that wor\n+00012450: 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 696e d and all remain\n+00012460: 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a6f ing characters.o\n+00012470: 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f 2062 n that line to b\n+00012480: 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 6d70 e ignored...Simp\n+00012490: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d le commands.====\n+000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 ===========..A .\n+000124b0: 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ..simple command\n+000124c0: e280 9d20 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 ... is a sequenc\n+000124d0: 6520 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 6172 e of words separ\n+000124e0: 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 206f ated by spaces o\n+000124f0: 7220 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 r tabs.and termi\n+00012500: 6e61 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d 6963 nated by a semic\n+00012510: 6f6c 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c 696e olon or a newlin\n+00012520: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f e. The first wo\n+00012530: 7264 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 6865 rd specifies.the\n+00012540: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 2065 command to be e\n+00012550: 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 xecuted. The re\n+00012560: 6d61 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 maining words ar\n+00012570: 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 e passed as argu\n+00012580: 6d65 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 ments.to the inv\n+00012590: 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 oked command... \n+000125a0: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c The return val\n+000125b0: 7565 206f 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 ue of a simple c\n+000125c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 ommand is its ex\n+000125d0: 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 it status. If t\n+000125e0: 6865 0a72 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 he.reserved word\n+000125f0: 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2070 7265 6365 6465 ...!... precede\n+00012600: 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 s the command, t\n+00012610: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 hen the return v\n+00012620: 616c 7565 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 640a alue is instead.\n+00012630: 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 the logical nega\n+00012640: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d tion of the comm\n+00012650: 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 and's exit statu\n+00012660: 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d s...Compound com\n+00012670: 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mands.==========\n+00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 636f =======..A ...co\n+00012690: 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 mpound command..\n+000126a0: 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 . is one of the \n+000126b0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f 7220 following:..for \n+000126c0: 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e 2e2e NAME in WORD ...\n+000126d0: 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a ; do LIST; done.\n+000126e0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 The list of\n+000126f0: 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 words following\n+00012700: 20e2 8098 696e e280 9920 6973 2065 7870 ...in... is exp\n+00012710: 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e anded, generatin\n+00012720: 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 g a list of. \n+00012730: 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 items. The var\n+00012740: 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7365 iable NAME is se\n+00012750: 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e t to each elemen\n+00012760: 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 2069 t of this list i\n+00012770: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 n. turn, and\n+00012780: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n+00012790: 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 5468 d each time. Th\n+000127a0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 e return value i\n+000127b0: 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 s the exit. \n+000127c0: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 status of the la\n+000127d0: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 st command that \n+000127e0: 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 executes. If th\n+000127f0: 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 e expansion of t\n+00012800: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 666f he. items fo\n+00012810: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 8099 llowing ...in...\n+00012820: 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 results in an e\n+00012830: 6d70 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f mpty list, no co\n+00012840: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 mmands are. \n+00012850: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 executed, and th\n+00012860: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 e return status \n+00012870: 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 is 0...if LIST; \n+00012880: 7468 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 then LIST; [elif\n+00012890: 204c 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 LIST; then LIST\n+000128a0: 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 ;] ... [else LIS\n+000128b0: 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 T;] fi. The \n+000128c0: e280 9869 66e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 ...if... LIST is\n+000128d0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2077 6865 7265 executed, where\n+000128e0: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2061 2073 6572 6965 LIST is a serie\n+000128f0: 7320 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 s of ...simple. \n+00012900: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 command...s \n+00012910: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 separated by a \"\n+00012920: 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 6974 7320 6578 6974 ;\". If its exit\n+00012930: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c status of the l\n+00012940: 6173 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ast. command\n+00012950: 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 e280 is zero, the ..\n+00012960: 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 .then... LIST is\n+00012970: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 4f74 6865 executed. Othe\n+00012980: 7277 6973 652c 2065 6163 680a 2020 2020 rwise, each. \n+00012990: 20e2 8098 656c 6966 e280 9920 4c49 5354 ...elif... LIST\n+000129a0: 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 is executed in \n+000129b0: 7475 726e 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2069 7473 turn, and if its\n+000129c0: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 last command's \n+000129d0: 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 exit. status\n+000129e0: 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 636f is zero, the co\n+000129f0: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e280 9874 rresponding ...t\n+00012a00: 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 hen... LIST is e\n+00012a10: 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 650a xecuted and the.\n+00012a20: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d command com\n+00012a30: 706c 6574 6573 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 pletes. Otherwi\n+00012a40: 7365 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9865 6c73 65e2 se, the ...else.\n+00012a50: 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 .. LIST is execu\n+00012a60: 7465 642c 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 7265 ted, if. pre\n+00012a70: 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 sent. The exit \n+00012a80: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 status is the ex\n+00012a90: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 it status of the\n+00012aa0: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 last command. \n+00012ab0: 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 206f 7220 executed, or \n+00012ac0: 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 zero if no condi\n+00012ad0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 6420 7472 7565 tion tested true\n+00012ae0: 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 ...while COND; d\n+00012af0: 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 o LIST; done.unt\n+00012b00: 696c 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 il COND; do LIST\n+00012b10: 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ; done. The \n+00012b20: e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ...while... comm\n+00012b30: 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e 756f 7573 6c79 and continuously\n+00012b40: 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 e280 executes the ..\n+00012b50: 9864 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6173 206c .do... LIST as l\n+00012b60: 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ong as. the \n+00012b70: 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 last command in \n+00012b80: 434f 4e44 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 COND returns an \n+00012b90: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 207a exit status of z\n+00012ba0: 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 2043 4f4e 440a ero, where COND.\n+00012bb0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f is a list o\n+00012bc0: 6620 e280 9c73 696d 706c 6520 636f 6d6d f ...simple comm\n+00012bd0: 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 and...s separate\n+00012be0: 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 d by a \";\". The\n+00012bf0: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 ...until.... \n+00012c00: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 6465 command is ide\n+00012c10: 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e280 ntical to the ..\n+00012c20: 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e .while... comman\n+00012c30: 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 2074 d, except that t\n+00012c40: 6865 2074 6573 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 he test. is \n+00012c50: 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 20e2 8098 negated; the ...\n+00012c60: 646f e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 do... LIST is ex\n+00012c70: 6563 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 ecuted as long a\n+00012c80: 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 s the last comma\n+00012c90: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 nd. in COND \n+00012ca0: 7265 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 returns a non-ze\n+00012cb0: 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 ro exit status. \n+00012cc0: 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 The exit status\n+00012cd0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 of the. ...\n+00012ce0: 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 while... and ...\n+00012cf0: 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 until... command\n+00012d00: 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 s is the exit st\n+00012d10: 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 atus of the last\n+00012d20: 20e2 8098 646f e280 990a 2020 2020 204c ...do.... L\n+00012d30: 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 IST command exec\n+00012d40: 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 uted, or zero if\n+00012d50: 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 7574 none was execut\n+00012d60: 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 ed...function NA\n+00012d70: 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e ME { COMMAND; ..\n+00012d80: 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 . }. This de\n+00012d90: 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e fines a function\n+00012da0: 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 5468 named NAME. Th\n+00012db0: 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d 206f 6620 e ...body... of \n+00012dc0: 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a the function is.\n+00012dd0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 the list of\n+00012de0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e commands within\n+00012df0: 2062 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 braces, each of\n+00012e00: 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 which must be. \n+00012e10: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 terminated w\n+00012e20: 6974 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 ith a semicolon \n+00012e30: 6f72 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 or a newline. T\n+00012e40: 6869 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d his list of comm\n+00012e50: 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 ands. will b\n+00012e60: 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 e executed whene\n+00012e70: 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 ver NAME is spec\n+00012e80: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d ified as the nam\n+00012e90: 6520 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 e of a simple. \n+00012ea0: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e command. Fun\n+00012eb0: 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e ction definition\n+00012ec0: 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 s do not affect \n+00012ed0: 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 the exit status \n+00012ee0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 in. ...$?...\n+00012ef0: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 6564 . When executed\n+00012f00: 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 , the exit statu\n+00012f10: 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 s of a function \n+00012f20: 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 740a 2020 2020 is the exit. \n+00012f30: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c status of the l\n+00012f40: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 ast command exec\n+00012f50: 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6479 uted in the body\n+00012f60: 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 ...menuentry TIT\n+00012f70: 4c45 205b e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 LE [...--class=c\n+00012f80: 6c61 7373 e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 lass... ...] [..\n+00012f90: 982d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 e280 .--users=users..\n+00012fa0: 995d 205b e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 .] [...--unrestr\n+00012fb0: 6963 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d icted...] [...--\n+00012fc0: 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 995d 205b hotkey=key...] [\n+00012fd0: e280 982d 2d69 643d 6964 e280 995d 207b ...--id=id...] {\n+00012fe0: 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a COMMAND; ... }.\n+00012ff0: 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 *Note menue\n+00013000: 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 ntry::...Built-i\n+00013010: 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d n Commands.=====\n+00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f ============..So\n+00013030: 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d me built-in comm\n+00013040: 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 ands are also pr\n+00013050: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2073 ovided by GRUB s\n+00013060: 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 7363 cript to help sc\n+00013070: 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 6572 ript.writers per\n+00013080: 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6861 form actions tha\n+00013090: 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 t are otherwise \n+000130a0: 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 not possible. F\n+000130b0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 or example,.thes\n+000130c0: 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d 616e e include comman\n+000130d0: 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 206f ds to jump out o\n+000130e0: 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f 7574 f a loop without\n+000130f0: 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696e fully completin\n+00013100: 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 g.it, etc...brea\n+00013110: 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 k [...n...]. \n+00013120: 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 Exit from withi\n+00013130: 6e20 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 n a ...for..., .\n+00013140: 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 ..while..., or .\n+00013150: 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e ..until... loop.\n+00013160: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a If ...n... is.\n+00013170: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 specified, \n+00013180: 6272 6561 6b20 e280 986e e280 9920 6c65 break ...n... le\n+00013190: 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d vels. ...n... m\n+000131a0: 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ust be greater t\n+000131b0: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a han or equal to.\n+000131c0: 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e 1. If ...n\n+000131d0: e280 9920 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ... is greater t\n+000131e0: 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f han the number o\n+000131f0: 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 f enclosing loop\n+00013200: 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636c s, all. encl\n+00013210: 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 6520 osing loops are \n+00013220: 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6574 exited. The ret\n+00013230: 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 2075 urn value is 0 u\n+00013240: 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 nless ...n... is\n+00013250: 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 7465 . not greate\n+00013260: 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 r than or equal \n+00013270: 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 to 1...continue \n+00013280: 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 [...n...]. R\n+00013290: 6573 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 esume the next i\n+000132a0: 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 teration of the \n+000132b0: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 e280 9866 6f72 enclosing ...for\n+000132c0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 ..., ...while...\n+000132d0: 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 756e 7469 or. ...unti\n+000132e0: 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 l... loop. If .\n+000132f0: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 ..n... is specif\n+00013300: 6965 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 ied, resume at t\n+00013310: 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 6e63 he ...n...th enc\n+00013320: 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 losing. loop\n+00013330: 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 . ...n... must \n+00013340: 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 be greater than \n+00013350: 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 2020 or equal to 1. \n+00013360: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 If ...n... is gr\n+00013370: 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 eater. than \n+00013380: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e the number of en\n+00013390: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 closing loops, t\n+000133a0: 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 696e he last enclosin\n+000133b0: 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 g loop (the. \n+000133c0: 20e2 809c 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d ...top-level...\n+000133d0: 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 loop) is resume\n+000133e0: 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 d. The return v\n+000133f0: 616c 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 alue is 0 unless\n+00013400: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 ...n... is. \n+00013410: 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 not greater tha\n+00013420: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e n or equal to 1.\n+00013430: 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b e280 986e e280 ..return [...n..\n+00013440: 995d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 2061 .]. Causes a\n+00013450: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 7869 function to exi\n+00013460: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 7572 t with the retur\n+00013470: 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 n value specifie\n+00013480: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 d by ...n..... \n+00013490: 2020 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 If ...n... is\n+000134a0: 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 omitted, the re\n+000134b0: 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 turn status is t\n+000134c0: 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 hat of the last \n+000134d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 command. exe\n+000134e0: 6375 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e cuted in the fun\n+000134f0: 6374 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 ction body. If \n+00013500: 7573 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 used outside a f\n+00013510: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 unction the. \n+00013520: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 return status i\n+00013530: 7320 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 s false...setpar\n+00013540: 616d 7320 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 ams [...arg...] \n+00013550: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6570 6c61 6365 .... Replace\n+00013560: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 positional para\n+00013570: 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 meters starting \n+00013580: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2431 e280 9920 7769 with ...$1... wi\n+00013590: 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f0a th arguments to.\n+000135a0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6172 616d ...setparam\n+000135b0: 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b e280 s......shift [..\n+000135c0: 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 .n...]. The \n+000135d0: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d positional param\n+000135e0: 6574 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 eters from ...n.\n+000135f0: 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 656e ..+1 ... are ren\n+00013600: 616d 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 8099 amed to ...$1...\n+00013610: 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 6d65 ..... Parame\n+00013620: 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6564 ters represented\n+00013630: 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 by the numbers \n+00013640: e280 9824 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 746f ...$#... down to\n+00013650: 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992d e280 986e e280 ...$#...-...n..\n+00013660: 992b 3120 6172 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 .+1 are. uns\n+00013670: 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 et. ...n... mus\n+00013680: 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 t be a non-negat\n+00013690: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 7320 ive number less \n+000136a0: 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f than or equal to\n+000136b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 . ...$#.... \n+000136c0: 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2030 If ...n... is 0\n+000136d0: 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 , no parameters \n+000136e0: 6172 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 are changed. If\n+000136f0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f 740a ...n... is not.\n+00013700: 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2069 given, it i\n+00013710: 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 s assumed to be \n+00013720: 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 1. If ...n... i\n+00013730: 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 s greater than .\n+00013740: 8098 2423 e280 992c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ..$#..., the. \n+00013750: 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 positional par\n+00013760: 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 ameters are not \n+00013770: 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 changed. The re\n+00013780: 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 turn status is. \n+00013790: 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e greater than\n+000137a0: 207a 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 zero if ...n...\n+000137b0: 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e is greater than\n+000137c0: 20e2 8098 2423 e280 9920 6f72 206c 6573 ...$#... or les\n+000137d0: 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 s than zero;. \n+000137e0: 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 302e 0a0a otherwise 0...\n+000137f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00013800: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d o, Node: Shell-\n+00013810: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 like scripting-F\n+00013820: 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ootnotes, Up: S\n+00013830: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n+00013840: 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 ing.. (1) Curr\n+00013850: 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 ently a backslas\n+00013860: 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 7061 6972 2077 h-newline pair w\n+00013870: 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ithin a variable\n+00013880: 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 616e name is not.han\n+00013890: 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 726c 792c 2073 dled properly, s\n+000138a0: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 o use this featu\n+000138b0: 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f 6d65 2063 6172 re with some car\n+000138c0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n+000138d0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 .info, Node: Mu\n+000138e0: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n+000138f0: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 config, Next: E\n+00013900: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n+00013910: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5368 ation, Prev: Sh\n+00013920: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n+00013930: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 ng, Up: Configu\n+00013940: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 ration..6.4 Mult\n+00013950: 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f i-boot manual co\n+00013960: 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nfig.===========\n+00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00013980: 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 =..Currently aut\n+00013990: 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 ogenerating conf\n+000139a0: 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206d 756c ig files for mul\n+000139b0: 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ti-boot environm\n+000139c0: 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 ents.depends on \n+000139d0: 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 616e 6420 6861 os-prober and ha\n+000139e0: 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 s several shortc\n+000139f0: 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 7565 2074 6f20 omings. Due to \n+00013a00: 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6973 6162 that it is.disab\n+00013a10: 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 led by default. \n+00013a20: 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 6973 6564 2074 It is advised t\n+00013a30: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706f 7765 7220 o use the power \n+00013a40: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 6e74 6178 2061 of GRUB syntax a\n+00013a50: 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c nd.do it yoursel\n+00013a60: 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2063 f. A possible c\n+00013a70: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 onfiguration is \n+00013a80: 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 6572 652c 2066 detailed here, f\n+00013a90: 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 eel free to.adju\n+00013aa0: 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 206e 6565 6473 st to your needs\n+00013ab0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 6372 6561 ... First crea\n+00013ac0: 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 4752 te a separate GR\n+00013ad0: 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 UB partition, bi\n+00013ae0: 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 g enough to hold\n+00013af0: 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 GRUB. Some.of t\n+00013b00: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 he following ent\n+00013b10: 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 686f 7720 746f ries show how to\n+00013b20: 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c load OS install\n+00013b30: 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 er images from t\n+00013b40: 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 6172 7469 7469 his.same partiti\n+00013b50: 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 6174 2079 6f75 on, for that you\n+00013b60: 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 206e 6565 6420 obviously need \n+00013b70: 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 to make the part\n+00013b80: 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 650a 656e 6f75 ition large.enou\n+00013b90: 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 686f 7365 gh to hold those\n+00013ba0: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c2e images as well.\n+00013bb0: 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 6973 2070 6172 Mount this par\n+00013bc0: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f tition on/mnt/bo\n+00013bd0: 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2047 ot.and disable G\n+00013be0: 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 RUB in all OSes \n+00013bf0: 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 and manually ins\n+00013c00: 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d 636f 6d70 696c tall self-compil\n+00013c10: 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a 4752 5542 2077 ed latest.GRUB w\n+00013c20: 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ith:.. ...grub\n+00013c30: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d -install --boot-\n+00013c40: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 directory=/mnt/b\n+00013c50: 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 990a oot /dev/sda....\n+00013c60: 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 204f . In all the O\n+00013c70: 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 Ses install GRUB\n+00013c80: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 6162 tools but disab\n+00013c90: 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 le installing GR\n+00013ca0: 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 UB in.bootsector\n+00013cb0: 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 7665 , so you'll have\n+00013cc0: 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 6772 menu.lst and gr\n+00013cd0: 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ub.cfg available\n+00013ce0: 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 for use..Also d\n+00013cf0: 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 isable os-prober\n+00013d00: 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 673a use by setting:\n+00013d10: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 .. ...GRUB_DIS\n+00013d20: 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 ABLE_OS_PROBER=t\n+00013d30: 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 rue..... in /e\n+00013d40: 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 620a tc/default/grub.\n+00013d50: 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 2061 . Then write a\n+00013d60: 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e 742f grub.cfg (/mnt/\n+00013d70: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n+00013d80: 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 fg):... menu\n+00013d90: 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 entry \"OS using \n+00013da0: 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 grub2\" {. \n+00013db0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 2020 insmod xfs. \n+00013dc0: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n+00013dd0: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 =root --label OS\n+00013de0: 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 1 --hint hd0,msd\n+00013df0: 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 os8. conf\n+00013e00: 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 igfile /boot/gru\n+00013e10: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 b/grub.cfg. \n+00013e20: 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 }.. menuentr\n+00013e30: 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 y \"OS using grub\n+00013e40: 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2-legacy\" {. \n+00013e50: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 320a insmod ext2.\n+00013e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n+00013e70: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n+00013e80: 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 l OS2 --hint hd0\n+00013e90: 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos6. \n+00013ea0: 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c legacy_configfil\n+00013eb0: 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d 656e e /boot/grub/men\n+00013ec0: 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 u.lst. }.. \n+00013ed0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 menuentry \"Wi\n+00013ee0: 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 ndows XP\" {. \n+00013ef0: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 730a insmod ntfs.\n+00013f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n+00013f10: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n+00013f20: 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d 2d68 l WINDOWS_XP --h\n+00013f30: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 int hd0,msdos1. \n+00013f40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 6e74 ntldr /nt\n+00013f50: 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 ldr. }.. \n+00013f60: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 menuentry \"Wind\n+00013f70: 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ows 7\" {. \n+00013f80: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 insmod ntfs. \n+00013f90: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 search --se\n+00013fa0: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 t=root --label W\n+00013fb0: 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e 7420 INDOWS_7 --hint \n+00013fc0: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos2. \n+00013fd0: 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 ntldr /bootmg\n+00013fe0: 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d r. }.. m\n+00013ff0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 4253 enuentry \"FreeBS\n+00014000: 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D\" {. \n+00014010: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 insmod zfs. \n+00014020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+00014030: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n+00014040: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f 6f6c --label freepool\n+00014050: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n+00014060: 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s7. \n+00014070: 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 6565 kfreebsd /free\n+00014080: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n+00014090: 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 /kernel. \n+000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f kfreebsd_\n+000140b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 module_elf /free\n+000140c0: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n+000140d0: 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a /opensolaris.ko.\n+000140e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n+000140f0: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 freebsd_module_e\n+00014100: 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f lf /freebsd@/boo\n+00014110: 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a t/kernel/zfs.ko.\n+00014120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n+00014130: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f freebsd_module /\n+00014140: 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 freebsd@/boot/zf\n+00014150: 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 7479 s/zpool.cache ty\n+00014160: 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f pe=/boot/zfs/zpo\n+00014170: 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ol.cache. \n+00014180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 set kFre\n+00014190: 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f eBSD.vfs.root.mo\n+000141a0: 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 6565 untfrom=zfs:free\n+000141b0: 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 2020 pool/freebsd. \n+000141c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 set \n+000141d0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e kFreeBSD.hw.psm.\n+000141e0: 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 6f72 synaptics_suppor\n+000141f0: 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 t=1. }.. \n+00014200: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 7065 menuentry \"expe\n+00014210: 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 207b rimental GRUB\" {\n+00014220: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00014230: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+00014240: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d t --label GRUB -\n+00014250: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 -hint hd0,msdos5\n+00014260: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00014270: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 6572 multiboot /exper\n+00014280: 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 imental/grub/i38\n+00014290: 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 2020 6-pc/core.img. \n+000142a0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n+000142b0: 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 3620 ntry \"Fedora 16 \n+000142c0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 2020 installer\" {. \n+000142d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n+000142e0: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+000142f0: 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e label GRUB --hin\n+00014300: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos5. \n+00014310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 linu\n+00014320: 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 x /fedora/vmlinu\n+00014330: 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 z lang=en_US key\n+00014340: 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f map=sg resolutio\n+00014350: 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 n=1280x800. \n+00014360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 initrd\n+00014370: 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e /fedora/initrd.\n+00014380: 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 img. }.. \n+00014390: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f menuentry \"Fedo\n+000143a0: 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 7461 ra rawhide insta\n+000143b0: 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ller\" {. \n+000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d search --\n+000143d0: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c set=root --label\n+000143e0: 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 GRUB --hint hd0\n+000143f0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos5. \n+00014400: 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6665 linux /fe\n+00014410: 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6570 dora/vmlinuz rep\n+00014420: 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 o=ftp://mirror.s\n+00014430: 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f 722f witch.ch/mirror/\n+00014440: 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 6576 fedora/linux/dev\n+00014450: 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 6465 elopment/rawhide\n+00014460: 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f /x86_64 lang=en_\n+00014470: 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 US keymap=sg res\n+00014480: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 olution=1280x800\n+00014490: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000144a0: 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 initrd /fedora/i\n+000144b0: 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d nitrd.img. }\n+000144c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+000144d0: 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 6e73 \"Debian sid ins\n+000144e0: 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 taller\" {. \n+000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 search \n+00014500: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 --set=root --lab\n+00014510: 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 el GRUB --hint h\n+00014520: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos5. \n+00014530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f linux /\n+00014540: 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 6964 debian/dists/sid\n+00014550: 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 722d /main/installer-\n+00014560: 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f 696d amd64/current/im\n+00014570: 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f 766d ages/hd-media/vm\n+00014580: 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 linuz. \n+00014590: 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 6562 initrd /deb\n+000145a0: 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f 6d61 ian/dists/sid/ma\n+000145b0: 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 in/installer-amd\n+000145c0: 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 64/current/image\n+000145d0: 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 s/hd-media/initr\n+000145e0: 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a 2020 d.gz. }... \n+000145f0: 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 Notes:. ... A\n+00014600: 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 rgument to searc\n+00014610: 6820 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 h after -label i\n+00014620: 7320 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 s FS LABEL. You \n+00014630: 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 5549 can also use UUI\n+00014640: 4473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d 6673 Ds. with -fs\n+00014650: 2d75 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 7465 -uuid UUID inste\n+00014660: 6164 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c 4142 ad of -label LAB\n+00014670: 454c 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 616c EL. You could al\n+00014680: 736f 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 so use. dire\n+00014690: 6374 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d ct ...root=hd0,m\n+000146a0: 7364 6f73 58e2 8099 2062 7574 2074 6869 sdosX... but thi\n+000146b0: 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 s is not recomme\n+000146c0: 6e64 6564 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6465 7669 nded due to devi\n+000146d0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 ce. name ins\n+000146e0: 7461 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c tability.....Fil\n+000146f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00014700: 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f ode: Embedded co\n+00014710: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 nfiguration, Pr\n+00014720: 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d ev: Multi-boot m\n+00014730: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 anual config, U\n+00014740: 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e p: Configuration\n+00014750: 0a0a 362e 3520 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 ..6.5 Embedding \n+00014760: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n+00014770: 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d file into GRUB.=\n 00014780: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00014790: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 =======..GRUB su\n-000147b0: 7070 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 pports embedding\n-000147c0: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n-000147d0: 2066 696c 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 file directly i\n-000147e0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 nto the core.ima\n-000147f0: 6765 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 ge, so that it i\n-00014800: 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 s loaded before \n-00014810: 656e 7465 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 entering normal \n-00014820: 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a75 mode. This is.u\n-00014830: 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 seful, for examp\n-00014840: 6c65 2c20 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e le, when it is n\n-00014850: 6f74 2073 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 7761 ot straightforwa\n-00014860: 7264 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 2072 rd to find the r\n-00014870: 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f eal.configuratio\n-00014880: 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 n file, or when \n-00014890: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6275 you need to debu\n-000148a0: 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 g problems with \n-000148b0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 696c loading that.fil\n-000148c0: 652e 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 e. ...grub-inst\n-000148d0: 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 all... uses this\n-000148e0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6865 6e20 6974 feature when it\n-000148f0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 4249 is not using BI\n-00014900: 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e OS disk.function\n-00014910: 7320 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c s or when instal\n-00014920: 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 ling to a differ\n-00014930: 656e 7420 6469 736b 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ent disk from th\n-00014940: 6520 6f6e 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 e one containing\n-00014950: 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 ..../boot/grub..\n-00014960: 992c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 ., in which case\n-00014970: 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 746f 2075 7365 it needs to use\n-00014980: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 the ...search..\n-00014990: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n-000149a0: 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 6669 .search::) to fi\n-000149b0: 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 nd .../boot/grub\n-000149c0: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d 6265 ...... To embe\n-000149d0: 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f d a configuratio\n-000149e0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 n file, use the \n-000149f0: e280 982d 63e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ...-c... option \n-00014a00: 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 to ...grub-mkima\n-00014a10: 6765 e280 992e 0a54 6865 2066 696c 6520 ge.....The file \n-00014a20: 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 696e 746f 2074 is copied into t\n-00014a30: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652c 2073 he core image, s\n-00014a40: 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 6573 6964 6520 o it may reside \n-00014a50: 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 650a anywhere on the.\n-00014a60: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2061 6e64 file system, and\n-00014a70: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 may be removed \n-00014a80: 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 after running ..\n-00014a90: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 .grub-mkimage...\n-00014aa0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 6520 ... After the \n-00014ab0: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 embedded configu\n-00014ac0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 2869 6620 ration file (if \n-00014ad0: 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 any) is executed\n-00014ae0: 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f 6164 , GRUB will.load\n-00014af0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 the ...normal..\n-00014b00: 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 . module (*note \n-00014b10: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 6368 normal::), which\n-00014b20: 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 6420 will then read \n-00014b30: 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 the real.configu\n-00014b40: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 6f6d ration file from\n-00014b50: 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 ...$prefix/grub\n-00014b60: 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 4279 2074 6869 .cfg.... By thi\n-00014b70: 7320 706f 696e 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 s point, the ...\n-00014b80: 726f 6f74 e280 990a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 root....variable\n-00014b90: 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2068 6176 6520 will also have \n-00014ba0: 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 been set to the \n-00014bb0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 root device name\n-00014bc0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n-00014bd0: e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6967 ...prefix... mig\n-00014be0: 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 ht be set to ...\n-00014bf0: 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 (hd0,1)/boot/gru\n-00014c00: 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f b..., and ...roo\n-00014c10: 74e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 t... might be se\n-00014c20: 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 6864 302c 31e2 8099 t to....hd0,1...\n-00014c30: 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 6e20 6d6f 7374 . Thus, in most\n-00014c40: 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 656d 6265 cases, the embe\n-00014c50: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n-00014c60: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 0a6e 6565 on file only.nee\n-00014c70: 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 e280 ds to set the ..\n-00014c80: 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 .prefix... and .\n-00014c90: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 ..root... variab\n-00014ca0: 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6472 les, and then dr\n-00014cb0: 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 op through to.GR\n-00014cc0: 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 UB's normal proc\n-00014cd0: 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 6963 essing. A typic\n-00014ce0: 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 al example of th\n-00014cf0: 6973 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 is might look li\n-00014d00: 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 ke.this:.. s\n-00014d10: 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 3031 earch.fs_uuid 01\n-00014d20: 3233 3435 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 6566 234567-89ab-cdef\n-00014d30: 2d30 3132 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 -0123-456789abcd\n-00014d40: 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 6574 ef root. set\n-00014d50: 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f prefix=($root)/\n-00014d60: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 2854 boot/grub.. (T\n-00014d70: 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 5f66 735f he ...search_fs_\n-00014d80: 7575 6964 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d uuid... module m\n-00014d90: 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 ust be included \n-00014da0: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 in the core imag\n-00014db0: 6520 666f 720a 7468 6973 2065 7861 6d70 e for.this examp\n-00014dc0: 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 le to work.).. \n-00014dd0: 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 In more complex\n-00014de0: 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 cases, it may b\n-00014df0: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 7265 6164 e useful to read\n-00014e00: 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 other configura\n-00014e10: 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 tion.files direc\n-00014e20: 746c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6d62 tly from the emb\n-00014e30: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n-00014e40: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ion file. This \n-00014e50: 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7563 680a 7468 696e allows such.thin\n-00014e60: 6773 2061 7320 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 gs as reading fi\n-00014e70: 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 les not called .\n-00014e80: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 206f ..grub.cfg..., o\n-00014e90: 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 r reading files \n-00014ea0: 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 from a.directory\n-00014eb0: 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6174 other than that\n-00014ec0: 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4227 7320 6c6f where GRUB's lo\n-00014ed0: 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 adable modules a\n-00014ee0: 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e0a 546f re installed..To\n-00014ef0: 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 696e 636c 7564 do this, includ\n-00014f00: 6520 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 e the ...configf\n-00014f10: 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6e6f ile... and ...no\n-00014f20: 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 rmal... modules \n-00014f30: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 in the core.imag\n-00014f40: 652c 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 e, and embed a c\n-00014f50: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00014f60: 6520 7468 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 e that uses the \n-00014f70: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n-00014f80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 command.to load\n-00014f90: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 652e 2020 another file. \n-00014fa0: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 The following ex\n-00014fb0: 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 616c ample of this al\n-00014fc0: 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 7468 650a so requires the.\n-00014fd0: e280 9865 6368 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 ...echo..., ...s\n-00014fe0: 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 earch_label..., \n-00014ff0: 616e 6420 e280 9874 6573 74e2 8099 206d and ...test... m\n-00015000: 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 odules to be inc\n-00015010: 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 luded in the cor\n-00015020: 650a 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 e.image:.. s\n-00015030: 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 earch.fs_label g\n-00015040: 7275 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6966 rub root. if\n-00015050: 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 [ -e /boot/grub\n-00015060: 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 /example/test1.c\n-00015070: 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 fg ]; then. \n-00015080: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 set prefix=(\n-00015090: 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 $root)/boot/grub\n-000150a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 . config\n-000150b0: 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f file /boot/grub/\n-000150c0: 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 example/test1.cf\n-000150d0: 670a 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 g. else. \n-000150e0: 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f if [ -e /bo\n-000150f0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f ot/grub/example/\n-00015100: 7465 7374 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 test2.cfg ]; the\n-00015110: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 n. s\n-00015120: 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 et prefix=($root\n-00015130: 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 )/boot/grub. \n-00015140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 configf\n-00015150: 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 ile /boot/grub/e\n-00015160: 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 xample/test2.cfg\n-00015170: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 . else. \n-00015180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f echo\n-00015190: 2022 436f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 \"Could not find\n-000151a0: 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 an example conf\n-000151b0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 iguration file!\"\n-000151c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2020 . fi. \n-000151d0: 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6d62 fi.. The emb\n-000151e0: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n-000151f0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 ion file may not\n-00015200: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e contain menu en\n-00015210: 7472 6965 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 tries.directly, \n-00015220: 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 but may only rea\n-00015230: 6420 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c 7365 d them from else\n-00015240: 7768 6572 6520 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 where using ...c\n-00015250: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f onfigfile.......\n-00015260: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00015270: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 , Node: Theme f\n-00015280: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 204e 6578 ile format, Nex\n-00015290: 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2050 7265 t: Network, Pre\n-000152a0: 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e v: Configuration\n-000152b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 , Up: Top..7 Th\n-000152c0: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 740a eme file format.\n-000152d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000152e0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 ***..7.1 Introdu\n-000152f0: 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ction.==========\n-00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 ======..The GRUB\n-00015310: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 graphical menu \n-00015320: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 6d65 7320 supports themes \n-00015330: 7468 6174 2063 616e 2063 7573 746f 6d69 that can customi\n-00015340: 7a65 2074 6865 206c 6179 6f75 740a 616e ze the layout.an\n-00015350: 6420 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 d appearance of \n-00015360: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 the GRUB boot me\n-00015370: 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2069 nu. The theme i\n-00015380: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2074 6872 s configured thr\n-00015390: 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 6578 ough a.plain tex\n-000153a0: 7420 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 t file that spec\n-000153b0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 ifies the layout\n-000153c0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 of the various \n-000153d0: 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 GUI components.(\n-000153e0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 6520 626f including the bo\n-000153f0: 6f74 206d 656e 752c 2074 696d 656f 7574 ot menu, timeout\n-00015400: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722c 2061 progress bar, a\n-00015410: 6e64 2074 6578 7420 6d65 7373 6167 6573 nd text messages\n-00015420: 2920 6173 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 2074 6865 ) as.well as the\n-00015430: 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 7573 696e appearance usin\n-00015440: 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 732c g colors, fonts,\n-00015450: 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4578 and images. Ex\n-00015460: 616d 706c 6520 6973 0a61 7661 696c 6162 ample is.availab\n-00015470: 6c65 2069 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 le in docs/examp\n-00015480: 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e le_theme.txt..7.\n-00015490: 3220 5468 656d 6520 456c 656d 656e 7473 2 Theme Elements\n-000154a0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-000154b0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 ===..7.2.1 Color\n-000154c0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a s.------------..\n-000154d0: 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 Colors can be sp\n-000154e0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 ecified in sever\n-000154f0: 616c 2077 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 al ways:.. ...\n-00015500: 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 796c 6520 2223 5252 HTML-style \"#RR\n-00015510: 4747 4242 2220 6f72 2022 2352 4742 2220 GGBB\" or \"#RGB\" \n-00015520: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7768 6572 6520 2a52 format, where *R\n-00015530: 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 *, *G*, and *B* \n-00015540: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 are. hexadec\n-00015550: 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7320 2865 2e67 imal digits (e.g\n-00015560: 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 3946 4622 290a 2020 ., \"#8899FF\"). \n-00015570: 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 ... as comma-se\n-00015580: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 parated decimal \n-00015590: 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 2028 652e 672e RGB values (e.g.\n-000155a0: 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 382c 2032 3535 , \"128, 128, 255\n-000155b0: 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7769 7468 2022 \"). ... with \"\n-000155c0: 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 SVG 1.0 color na\n-000155d0: 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2263 6f72 mes\" (e.g., \"cor\n-000155e0: 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 6522 2920 7768 nflowerblue\") wh\n-000155f0: 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 ich must be. \n-00015600: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6c6f specified in lo\n-00015610: 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a 372e 322e 3220 wercase...7.2.2 \n-00015620: 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Fonts.----------\n-00015630: 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 2047 5255 -..The fonts GRU\n-00015640: 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 4632 2066 6f6e B uses \"PFF2 fon\n-00015650: 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 6269 746d 6170 t format\" bitmap\n-00015660: 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 2061 fonts. Fonts a\n-00015670: 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 re.specified wit\n-00015680: 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 6e61 6d65 h full font name\n-00015690: 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 s. Currently th\n-000156a0: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7072 6f76 6973 ere is no provis\n-000156b0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a 7072 6566 6572 ion for a.prefer\n-000156c0: 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 6f6e ence list of fon\n-000156d0: 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 6976 696e 6720 ts, or deriving \n-000156e0: 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 616e one font from an\n-000156f0: 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f 6e74 7320 6172 other. Fonts ar\n-00015700: 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 e.loaded with th\n-00015710: 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 2063 6f6d e \"loadfont\" com\n-00015720: 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 2a6e mand in GRUB (*n\n-00015730: 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a 292e ote loadfont::).\n-00015740: 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 6865 206c 6973 To see.the lis\n-00015750: 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 t of loaded font\n-00015760: 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2022 s, execute the \"\n-00015770: 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lsfonts\" command\n-00015780: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 666f 6e74 733a (*note.lsfonts:\n-00015790: 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6172 :). If there ar\n-000157a0: 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 6f6e 7473 e too many fonts\n-000157b0: 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 to fit on scree\n-000157c0: 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 6167 6572 n, do \"set.pager\n-000157d0: 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 2065 7865 6375 =1\" before execu\n-000157e0: 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2e0a ting \"lsfonts\"..\n-000157f0: 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f 6772 6573 7320 .7.2.3 Progress \n-00015800: 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Bar.------------\n-00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 ------..Figure 7\n-00015820: 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 6520 372e 320a 5072 .1.Figure 7.2.Pr\n-00015830: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6172 6520 ogress bars are \n-00015840: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 used to display \n-00015850: 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 the remaining ti\n-00015860: 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 4752 5542 2062 me before GRUB b\n-00015870: 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 oots.the default\n-00015880: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 546f menu entry. To\n-00015890: 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 create a progre\n-000158a0: 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c ss bar that will\n-000158b0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a72 656d display the.rem\n-000158c0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 6520 6265 666f aining time befo\n-000158d0: 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f re automatic boo\n-000158e0: 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 6372 6561 7465 t, simply create\n-000158f0: 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 a \"progress_bar\n-00015900: 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 \".component with\n-00015910: 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f the id \"__timeo\n-00015920: 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e64 ut__\". This ind\n-00015930: 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2074 icates to GRUB t\n-00015940: 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 6f67 7265 7373 hat the.progress\n-00015950: 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 bar should be u\n-00015960: 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 7469 6d65 2070 pdated as time p\n-00015970: 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 7368 asses, and it sh\n-00015980: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 ould be made.inv\n-00015990: 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f isible if the co\n-000159a0: 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d untdown to autom\n-000159b0: 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 6e74 atic boot is int\n-000159c0: 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 errupted by the \n-000159d0: 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 7265 user... Progre\n-000159e0: 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 ss bars may opti\n-000159f0: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 6520 7465 7874 onally have text\n-00015a00: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 206f 6e20 7468 displayed on th\n-00015a10: 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7465 7874 0a69 em. This text.i\n-00015a20: 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 s controlled by \n-00015a30: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 7465 7874 2220 variable \"text\" \n-00015a40: 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 which contains a\n-00015a50: 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 printf template\n-00015a60: 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 with.the only a\n-00015a70: 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 2069 7320 7468 rgument %d is th\n-00015a80: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f e number of seco\n-00015a90: 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 nds remaining. \n-00015aa0: 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 Additionally.spe\n-00015ab0: 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 7320 2240 5449 cial values \"@TI\n-00015ac0: 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 MEOUT_NOTIFICATI\n-00015ad0: 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 ON_SHORT@\",.\"@TI\n-00015ae0: 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 MEOUT_NOTIFICATI\n-00015af0: 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 222c 2022 4054 ON_MIDDLE@\", \"@T\n-00015b00: 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 IMEOUT_NOTIFICAT\n-00015b10: 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 7265 0a72 ION_LONG@\" are.r\n-00015b20: 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 7468 2073 7461 eplaced with sta\n-00015b30: 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c ndard and transl\n-00015b40: 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c 6174 6573 2e0a ated templates..\n-00015b50: 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 6375 6c61 7220 .7.2.4 Circular \n-00015b60: 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 6e64 6963 6174 Progress Indicat\n-00015b70: 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d or.-------------\n+000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 ===========..GRU\n+000147b0: 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 6564 B supports embed\n+000147c0: 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ding a configura\n+000147d0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6469 7265 6374 tion file direct\n+000147e0: 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 ly into the core\n+000147f0: 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 .image, so that \n+00014800: 6974 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 it is loaded bef\n+00014810: 6f72 6520 656e 7465 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 ore entering nor\n+00014820: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 mal mode. This \n+00014830: 6973 0a75 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 is.useful, for e\n+00014840: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7768 656e 2069 7420 xample, when it \n+00014850: 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7472 6169 6768 7466 is not straightf\n+00014860: 6f72 7761 7264 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 orward to find t\n+00014870: 6865 2072 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 he real.configur\n+00014880: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 ation file, or w\n+00014890: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 hen you need to \n+000148a0: 6465 6275 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 debug problems w\n+000148b0: 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6174 ith loading that\n+000148c0: 0a66 696c 652e 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d .file. ...grub-\n+000148d0: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 7365 7320 install... uses \n+000148e0: 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6865 this feature whe\n+000148f0: 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 696e n it is not usin\n+00014900: 6720 4249 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 g BIOS disk.func\n+00014910: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 696e tions or when in\n+00014920: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6469 stalling to a di\n+00014930: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6469 736b 2066 726f fferent disk fro\n+00014940: 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 636f 6e74 6169 m the one contai\n+00014950: 6e69 6e67 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ning..../boot/gr\n+00014960: 7562 e280 992c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 ub..., in which \n+00014970: 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 746f case it needs to\n+00014980: 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 use the ...sear\n+00014990: 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a ch... command (*\n+000149a0: 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 note.search::) t\n+000149b0: 6f20 6669 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f o find .../boot/\n+000149c0: 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 grub...... To \n+000149d0: 656d 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 embed a configur\n+000149e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 ation file, use \n+000149f0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 63e2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-c... opt\n+00014a00: 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ion to ...grub-m\n+00014a10: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a54 6865 2066 kimage.....The f\n+00014a20: 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 696e ile is copied in\n+00014a30: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 to the core imag\n+00014a40: 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 6573 e, so it may res\n+00014a50: 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 ide anywhere on \n+00014a60: 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2c the.file system,\n+00014a70: 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 6d6f and may be remo\n+00014a80: 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e 696e ved after runnin\n+00014a90: 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 g ...grub-mkimag\n+00014aa0: 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 e...... After \n+00014ab0: 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e the embedded con\n+00014ac0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+00014ad0: 2869 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 (if any) is exec\n+00014ae0: 7574 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a uted, GRUB will.\n+00014af0: 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d load the ...norm\n+00014b00: 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e al... module (*n\n+00014b10: 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 ote normal::), w\n+00014b20: 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2072 hich will then r\n+00014b30: 6561 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e ead the real.con\n+00014b40: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+00014b50: 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f from ...$prefix/\n+00014b60: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 4279 grub.cfg.... By\n+00014b70: 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e 742c 2074 6865 this point, the\n+00014b80: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a 7661 7269 ...root....vari\n+00014b90: 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2068 able will also h\n+00014ba0: 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ave been set to \n+00014bb0: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 the root device \n+00014bc0: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 name. For examp\n+00014bd0: 6c65 2c0a e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 le,....prefix...\n+00014be0: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f might be set to\n+00014bf0: 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 ...(hd0,1)/boot\n+00014c00: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 /grub..., and ..\n+00014c10: 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 .root... might b\n+00014c20: 6520 7365 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 6864 302c e set to....hd0,\n+00014c30: 31e2 8099 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 6e20 1.... Thus, in \n+00014c40: 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 most cases, the \n+00014c50: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 embedded configu\n+00014c60: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 ration file only\n+00014c70: 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 .needs to set th\n+00014c80: 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2061 e ...prefix... a\n+00014c90: 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 nd ...root... va\n+00014ca0: 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 riables, and the\n+00014cb0: 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 n drop through t\n+00014cc0: 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 o.GRUB's normal \n+00014cd0: 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 processing. A t\n+00014ce0: 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f ypical example o\n+00014cf0: 6620 7468 6973 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f f this might loo\n+00014d00: 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 k like.this:.. \n+00014d10: 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 search.fs_uui\n+00014d20: 6420 3031 3233 3435 3637 2d38 3961 622d d 01234567-89ab-\n+00014d30: 6364 6566 2d30 3132 332d 3435 3637 3839 cdef-0123-456789\n+00014d40: 6162 6364 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 abcdef root. \n+00014d50: 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f set prefix=($ro\n+00014d60: 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 ot)/boot/grub.. \n+00014d70: 2020 2854 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 (The ...search\n+00014d80: 5f66 735f 7575 6964 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 _fs_uuid... modu\n+00014d90: 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 le must be inclu\n+00014da0: 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 ded in the core \n+00014db0: 696d 6167 6520 666f 720a 7468 6973 2065 image for.this e\n+00014dc0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 xample to work.)\n+00014dd0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d .. In more com\n+00014de0: 706c 6578 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6974 206d plex cases, it m\n+00014df0: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 ay be useful to \n+00014e00: 7265 6164 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 read other confi\n+00014e10: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6573 2064 guration.files d\n+00014e20: 6972 6563 746c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 irectly from the\n+00014e30: 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 embedded config\n+00014e40: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 uration file. T\n+00014e50: 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7563 680a his allows such.\n+00014e60: 7468 696e 6773 2061 7320 7265 6164 696e things as readin\n+00014e70: 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c g files not call\n+00014e80: 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 ed ...grub.cfg..\n+00014e90: 992c 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 ., or reading fi\n+00014ea0: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 6563 les from a.direc\n+00014eb0: 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 tory other than \n+00014ec0: 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4227 that where GRUB'\n+00014ed0: 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c s loadable modul\n+00014ee0: 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 es are installed\n+00014ef0: 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 696e ..To do this, in\n+00014f00: 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e clude the ...con\n+00014f10: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 figfile... and .\n+00014f20: 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 ..normal... modu\n+00014f30: 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a les in the core.\n+00014f40: 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 image, and embed\n+00014f50: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n+00014f60: 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2075 7365 7320 file that uses \n+00014f70: 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c the ...configfil\n+00014f80: 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 e... command.to \n+00014f90: 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c load another fil\n+00014fa0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e e. The followin\n+00014fb0: 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2074 6869 g example of thi\n+00014fc0: 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 s also requires \n+00014fd0: 7468 650a e280 9865 6368 6fe2 8099 2c20 the....echo..., \n+00014fe0: e280 9873 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 6ce2 ...search_label.\n+00014ff0: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9874 6573 74e2 .., and ...test.\n+00015000: 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6265 .. modules to be\n+00015010: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 included in the\n+00015020: 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 core.image:.. \n+00015030: 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 search.fs_lab\n+00015040: 656c 2067 7275 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 el grub root. \n+00015050: 2020 6966 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f if [ -e /boot/\n+00015060: 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 grub/example/tes\n+00015070: 7431 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 t1.cfg ]; then. \n+00015080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 set pref\n+00015090: 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f ix=($root)/boot/\n+000150a0: 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f grub. co\n+000150b0: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 nfigfile /boot/g\n+000150c0: 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 rub/example/test\n+000150d0: 312e 6366 670a 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 1.cfg. else.\n+000150e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 if [ -e\n+000150f0: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d /boot/grub/exam\n+00015100: 706c 652f 7465 7374 322e 6366 6720 5d3b ple/test2.cfg ];\n+00015110: 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 then. \n+00015120: 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 set prefix=($\n+00015130: 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a root)/boot/grub.\n+00015140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e con\n+00015150: 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 figfile /boot/gr\n+00015160: 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 ub/example/test2\n+00015170: 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c .cfg. el\n+00015180: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se. \n+00015190: 6563 686f 2022 436f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 echo \"Could not \n+000151a0: 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 find an example \n+000151b0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+000151c0: 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 le!\". fi\n+000151d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 . fi.. The\n+000151e0: 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 embedded config\n+000151f0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6179 uration file may\n+00015200: 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206d 656e not contain men\n+00015210: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 6469 7265 6374 u entries.direct\n+00015220: 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 ly, but may only\n+00015230: 2072 6561 6420 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 read them from \n+00015240: 656c 7365 7768 6572 6520 7573 696e 6720 elsewhere using \n+00015250: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n+00015260: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00015270: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6865 info, Node: The\n+00015280: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 me file format, \n+00015290: 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 Next: Network, \n+000152a0: 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Prev: Configura\n+000152b0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a tion, Up: Top..\n+000152c0: 3720 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 7 Theme file for\n+000152d0: 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a mat.************\n+000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 *******..7.1 Int\n+000152f0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d roduction.======\n+00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00015310: 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d GRUB graphical m\n+00015320: 656e 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 enu supports the\n+00015330: 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e 2063 7573 mes that can cus\n+00015340: 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 206c 6179 6f75 tomize the layou\n+00015350: 740a 616e 6420 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 t.and appearance\n+00015360: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f of the GRUB boo\n+00015370: 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 2074 6865 t menu. The the\n+00015380: 6d65 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 me is configured\n+00015390: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 6c61 696e through a.plain\n+000153a0: 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 text file that \n+000153b0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6c61 specifies the la\n+000153c0: 796f 7574 206f 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 yout of the vari\n+000153d0: 6f75 7320 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ous GUI componen\n+000153e0: 7473 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 ts.(including th\n+000153f0: 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752c 2074 696d e boot menu, tim\n+00015400: 656f 7574 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 eout progress ba\n+00015410: 722c 2061 6e64 2074 6578 7420 6d65 7373 r, and text mess\n+00015420: 6167 6573 2920 6173 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 ages) as.well as\n+00015430: 2074 6865 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 the appearance \n+00015440: 7573 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f using colors, fo\n+00015450: 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 732e nts, and images.\n+00015460: 2020 4578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0a61 7661 Example is.ava\n+00015470: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 ilable in docs/e\n+00015480: 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 xample_theme.txt\n+00015490: 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 656d 6520 456c 656d ..7.2 Theme Elem\n+000154a0: 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ents.===========\n+000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 =======..7.2.1 C\n+000154c0: 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d olors.----------\n+000154d0: 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 616e 2062 --..Colors can b\n+000154e0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2073 e specified in s\n+000154f0: 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 everal ways:.. \n+00015500: 20e2 80a2 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 796c 6520 ... HTML-style \n+00015510: 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 2022 2352 \"#RRGGBB\" or \"#R\n+00015520: 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7768 6572 GB\" format, wher\n+00015530: 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 616e 6420 e *R*, *G*, and \n+00015540: 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 2068 6578 *B* are. hex\n+00015550: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7320 adecimal digits \n+00015560: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 3946 4622 (e.g., \"#8899FF\"\n+00015570: 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 636f 6d6d ). ... as comm\n+00015580: 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 6369 a-separated deci\n+00015590: 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 2028 mal RGB values (\n+000155a0: 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 382c e.g., \"128, 128,\n+000155b0: 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7769 255\"). ... wi\n+000155c0: 7468 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f 6c6f th \"SVG 1.0 colo\n+000155d0: 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e 2c20 r names\" (e.g., \n+000155e0: 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 6522 \"cornflowerblue\"\n+000155f0: 2920 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 650a ) which must be.\n+00015600: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 specified i\n+00015610: 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a 372e n lowercase...7.\n+00015620: 322e 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2.2 Fonts.------\n+00015630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 -----..The fonts\n+00015640: 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 4632 GRUB uses \"PFF2\n+00015650: 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 6269 font format\" bi\n+00015660: 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e tmap fonts. Fon\n+00015670: 7473 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 ts are.specified\n+00015680: 2077 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 with full font \n+00015690: 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c names. Currentl\n+000156a0: 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7072 y there is no pr\n+000156b0: 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a 7072 ovision for a.pr\n+000156c0: 6566 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 6f66 eference list of\n+000156d0: 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 6976 fonts, or deriv\n+000156e0: 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 726f ing one font fro\n+000156f0: 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f 6e74 m another. Font\n+00015700: 7320 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 6974 s are.loaded wit\n+00015710: 6820 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 h the \"loadfont\"\n+00015720: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 5542 command in GRUB\n+00015730: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 (*note loadfont\n+00015740: 3a3a 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 6865 ::). To see.the\n+00015750: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 list of loaded \n+00015760: 666f 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 fonts, execute t\n+00015770: 6865 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d he \"lsfonts\" com\n+00015780: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 666f mand (*note.lsfo\n+00015790: 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 nts::). If ther\n+000157a0: 6520 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 e are too many f\n+000157b0: 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 onts to fit on s\n+000157c0: 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 creen, do \"set.p\n+000157d0: 6167 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 2065 ager=1\" before e\n+000157e0: 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 xecuting \"lsfont\n+000157f0: 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f 6772 s\"...7.2.3 Progr\n+00015800: 6573 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ess Bar.--------\n+00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 ----------..Figu\n+00015820: 7265 2037 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 6520 372e re 7.1.Figure 7.\n+00015830: 320a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 2.Progress bars \n+00015840: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7370 are used to disp\n+00015850: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e lay the remainin\n+00015860: 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 4752 g time before GR\n+00015870: 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 6566 UB boots.the def\n+00015880: 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e ault menu entry.\n+00015890: 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 7072 To create a pr\n+000158a0: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 ogress bar that \n+000158b0: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 will display the\n+000158c0: 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 6520 .remaining time \n+000158d0: 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 before automatic\n+000158e0: 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 6372 boot, simply cr\n+000158f0: 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 eate a \"progress\n+00015900: 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 _bar\".component \n+00015910: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 with the id \"__t\n+00015920: 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 6973 imeout__\". This\n+00015930: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 4752 indicates to GR\n+00015940: 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 6f67 UB that the.prog\n+00015950: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 ress bar should \n+00015960: 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 7469 be updated as ti\n+00015970: 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 me passes, and i\n+00015980: 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 6465 t should be made\n+00015990: 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 7468 .invisible if th\n+000159a0: 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 e countdown to a\n+000159b0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 utomatic boot is\n+000159c0: 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 7920 interrupted by \n+000159d0: 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 the user... Pr\n+000159e0: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 7920 ogress bars may \n+000159f0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 6520 optionally have \n+00015a00: 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 206f text displayed o\n+00015a10: 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7465 n them. This te\n+00015a20: 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 xt.is controlled\n+00015a30: 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 7465 by variable \"te\n+00015a40: 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 6169 xt\" which contai\n+00015a50: 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 ns a printf temp\n+00015a60: 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 6f6e late with.the on\n+00015a70: 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 2069 ly argument %d i\n+00015a80: 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 s the number of \n+00015a90: 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e 696e seconds remainin\n+00015aa0: 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 g. Additionally\n+00015ab0: 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 7320 .special values \n+00015ac0: 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIFI\n+00015ad0: 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a CATION_SHORT@\",.\n+00015ae0: 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIFI\n+00015af0: 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 222c CATION_MIDDLE@\",\n+00015b00: 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIF\n+00015b10: 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 ICATION_LONG@\" a\n+00015b20: 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 7468 re.replaced with\n+00015b30: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 7472 standard and tr\n+00015b40: 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c 6174 anslated templat\n+00015b50: 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 6375 es...7.2.4 Circu\n+00015b60: 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 6e64 lar Progress Ind\n+00015b70: 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d icator.---------\n 00015b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6369 7263 756c ----..The circul\n-00015ba0: 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 ar progress indi\n-00015bb0: 6361 746f 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 cator functions \n-00015bc0: 7369 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 746f 2074 6865 similarly to the\n-00015bd0: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a57 progress bar..W\n-00015be0: 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 616e 2069 6420 hen given an id \n-00015bf0: 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 of \"__timeout__\"\n-00015c00: 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7064 6174 6573 2074 , GRUB updates t\n-00015c10: 6865 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 he circular prog\n-00015c20: 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2773 ress.indicator's\n-00015c30: 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 value to indica\n-00015c40: 7465 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 7265 6d61 te the time rema\n-00015c50: 696e 696e 672e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 ining. For the \n-00015c60: 6369 7263 756c 6172 0a70 726f 6772 6573 circular.progres\n-00015c70: 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 722c 2074 6865 s indicator, the\n-00015c80: 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2069 6d61 6765 re are two image\n-00015c90: 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 s used to render\n-00015ca0: 2069 743a 2074 6865 202a 6365 6e74 6572 it: the *center\n-00015cb0: 2a0a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 *.image, and the\n-00015cc0: 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d 6167 652e 2020 *tick* image. \n-00015cd0: 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 6765 The center image\n-00015ce0: 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 is rendered in \n-00015cf0: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a6f 6620 7468 the center.of th\n-00015d00: 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c 2077 6869 e component, whi\n-00015d10: 6c65 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d 6167 le the tick imag\n-00015d20: 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 656e e is used to ren\n-00015d30: 6465 7220 6561 6368 206d 6172 6b20 616c der each mark al\n-00015d40: 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 ong.the circumfe\n-00015d50: 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6e64 rence of the ind\n-00015d60: 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e35 204c icator...7.2.5 L\n-00015d70: 6162 656c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d abels.----------\n-00015d80: 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 206c 6162 656c 7320 --..Text labels \n-00015d90: 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6f6e can be placed on\n-00015da0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7363 7265 656e the boot screen\n-00015db0: 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 742c 2063 6f6c . The font, col\n-00015dc0: 6f72 2c20 616e 640a 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 or, and.horizont\n-00015dd0: 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 2063 616e al alignment can\n-00015de0: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f be specified fo\n-00015df0: 7220 6c61 6265 6c73 2e20 2049 6620 6120 r labels. If a \n-00015e00: 6c61 6265 6c20 6973 2067 6976 656e 0a74 label is given.t\n-00015e10: 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 he id \"__timeout\n-00015e20: 5f5f 222c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 2274 __\", then the \"t\n-00015e30: 6578 7422 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 666f ext\" property fo\n-00015e40: 7220 7468 6174 206c 6162 656c 2069 7320 r that label is \n-00015e50: 616c 736f 0a75 7064 6174 6564 2077 6974 also.updated wit\n-00015e60: 6820 6120 6d65 7373 6167 6520 696e 666f h a message info\n-00015e70: 726d 696e 6720 7468 6520 7573 6572 206f rming the user o\n-00015e80: 6620 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 f the number of \n-00015e90: 7365 636f 6e64 730a 7265 6d61 696e 696e seconds.remainin\n-00015ea0: 6720 756e 7469 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 g until automati\n-00015eb0: 6320 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 c boot. This is\n-00015ec0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6173 6520 useful in case \n-00015ed0: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6865 0a74 6578 you want the.tex\n-00015ee0: 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 736f 6d65 t displayed some\n-00015ef0: 7768 6572 6520 656c 7365 2069 6e73 7465 where else inste\n-00015f00: 6164 206f 6620 6469 7265 6374 6c79 206f ad of directly o\n-00015f10: 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 n the progress b\n-00015f20: 6172 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e36 2042 6f6f 7420 ar...7.2.6 Boot \n-00015f30: 4d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Menu.-----------\n-00015f40: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d ----..The boot m\n-00015f50: 656e 7520 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2064 enu where GRUB d\n-00015f60: 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 isplays the menu\n-00015f70: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 entries from th\n-00015f80: 6520 2267 7275 622e 6366 6722 0a66 696c e \"grub.cfg\".fil\n-00015f90: 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 e. It is a list\n-00015fa0: 206f 6620 6974 656d 732c 2077 6865 7265 of items, where\n-00015fb0: 2065 6163 6820 6974 656d 2068 6173 2061 each item has a\n-00015fc0: 2074 6974 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 6e0a 6f70 title and an.op\n-00015fd0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 636f 6e2e 2020 5468 tional icon. Th\n-00015fe0: 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 e icon is select\n-00015ff0: 6564 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ed based on the \n-00016000: 2a63 6c61 7373 6573 2a20 7370 6563 6966 *classes* specif\n-00016010: 6965 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 ied.for the menu\n-00016020: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 entry. If ther\n-00016030: 6520 6973 2061 2050 4e47 2066 696c 6520 e is a PNG file \n-00016040: 6e61 6d65 6420 226d 7963 6c61 7373 2e70 named \"myclass.p\n-00016050: 6e67 2220 696e 2074 6865 0a22 6772 7562 ng\" in the.\"grub\n-00016060: 2f74 6865 6d65 732f 6963 6f6e 7322 2064 /themes/icons\" d\n-00016070: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 6974 2077 696c irectory, it wil\n-00016080: 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2066 l be displayed f\n-00016090: 6f72 2069 7465 6d73 2077 6869 6368 2068 or items which h\n-000160a0: 6176 650a 7468 6520 636c 6173 7320 2a6d ave.the class *m\n-000160b0: 7963 6c61 7373 2a2e 2020 5468 6520 626f yclass*. The bo\n-000160c0: 6f74 206d 656e 7520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 ot menu can be c\n-000160d0: 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 6420 696e 2073 6576 ustomized in sev\n-000160e0: 6572 616c 2077 6179 732c 0a73 7563 6820 eral ways,.such \n-000160f0: 6173 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 616e 6420 as the font and \n-00016100: 636f 6c6f 7220 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 color used for t\n-00016110: 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 he menu entry ti\n-00016120: 746c 652c 2061 6e64 2062 790a 7370 6563 tle, and by.spec\n-00016130: 6966 7969 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f ifying styled bo\n-00016140: 7865 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 xes for the menu\n-00016150: 2069 7473 656c 6620 616e 6420 666f 7220 itself and for \n-00016160: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 7465 the selected ite\n-00016170: 6d0a 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742e 0a0a 372e m.highlight...7.\n-00016180: 322e 3720 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 6573 2.7 Styled Boxes\n-00016190: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000161a0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 ---..One of the \n-000161b0: 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2066 most important f\n-000161c0: 6561 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 6375 7374 eatures for cust\n-000161d0: 6f6d 697a 696e 6720 7468 6520 6c61 796f omizing the layo\n-000161e0: 7574 2069 7320 7468 6520 7573 650a 6f66 ut is the use.of\n-000161f0: 202a 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2a2e *styled boxes*.\n-00016200: 2020 4120 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 A styled box i\n-00016210: 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 206f 6620 3920 s composed of 9 \n-00016220: 7265 6374 616e 6775 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 rectangular (and\n-00016230: 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 .potentially emp\n-00016240: 7479 2920 7265 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 ty) regions, whi\n-00016250: 6368 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 ch are used to s\n-00016260: 6561 6d6c 6573 736c 7920 6472 6177 2074 eamlessly draw t\n-00016270: 6865 2073 7479 6c65 640a 626f 7820 6f6e he styled.box on\n-00016280: 2073 6372 6565 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 screen:..Northw\n-00016290: 6573 7420 286e 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 est (nw) \n-000162a0: 204e 6f72 7468 2028 6e29 2020 2020 2020 North (n) \n-000162b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 Northeas\n-000162c0: 7420 286e 6529 0a57 6573 7420 2877 2920 t (ne).West (w) \n-000162d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4365 Ce\n-000162e0: 6e74 6572 2028 6329 2020 2020 2020 2020 nter (c) \n-000162f0: 2020 2020 2045 6173 7420 2865 290a 536f East (e).So\n-00016300: 7574 6877 6573 7420 2873 7729 2020 2020 uthwest (sw) \n-00016310: 2020 2020 2053 6f75 7468 2028 7329 2020 South (s) \n-00016320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 7574 Sout\n-00016330: 6865 6173 7420 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 heast (se).. T\n-00016340: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616e 7920 7369 o support any si\n-00016350: 7a65 206f 6620 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 ze of box on scr\n-00016360: 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 een, the center \n-00016370: 736c 6963 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 736c slice and the sl\n-00016380: 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6f70 ices.for the top\n-00016390: 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 7369 , bottom, and si\n-000163a0: 6465 7320 6172 6520 616c 6c20 7363 616c des are all scal\n-000163b0: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 ed to the correc\n-000163c0: 7420 7369 7a65 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 t size for.the c\n-000163d0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 7265 omponent on scre\n-000163e0: 656e 2c20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f en, using the fo\n-000163f0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a llowing rules:..\n-00016400: 2020 312e 2054 6865 2065 6467 6520 736c 1. The edge sl\n-00016410: 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 6f75 ices (north, sou\n-00016420: 7468 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 616e 6420 7765 th, east, and we\n-00016430: 7374 2920 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 st) are scaled i\n-00016440: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 n the. direc\n-00016450: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6564 6765 tion of the edge\n-00016460: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6164 6a61 6365 they are adjace\n-00016470: 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 nt to. For inst\n-00016480: 616e 6365 2c20 7468 6520 7765 7374 0a20 ance, the west. \n-00016490: 2020 2020 736c 6963 6520 6973 2073 6361 slice is sca\n-000164a0: 6c65 6420 7665 7274 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a led vertically..\n-000164b0: 2020 322e 2054 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 7220 2. The corner \n-000164c0: 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 slices (northwes\n-000164d0: 742c 206e 6f72 7468 6561 7374 2c20 736f t, northeast, so\n-000164e0: 7574 6865 6173 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f75 utheast, and sou\n-000164f0: 7468 7765 7374 290a 2020 2020 2061 7265 thwest). are\n-00016500: 206e 6f74 2073 6361 6c65 642e 0a20 2033 not scaled.. 3\n-00016510: 2e20 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 . The center sli\n-00016520: 6365 2069 7320 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 ce is scaled to \n-00016530: 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 fill the remaini\n-00016540: 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 650a ng space in the.\n-00016550: 2020 2020 206d 6964 646c 652e 0a0a 2020 middle... \n-00016560: 2041 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f As an example o\n-00016570: 6620 686f 7720 616e 2069 6d61 6765 206d f how an image m\n-00016580: 6967 6874 2062 6520 736c 6963 6564 2075 ight be sliced u\n-00016590: 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 7468 6520 p, consider the \n-000165a0: 7374 796c 6564 0a62 6f78 2075 7365 6420 styled.box used \n-000165b0: 666f 7220 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2076 for a terminal v\n-000165c0: 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e33 iew...Figure 7.3\n-000165d0: 0a37 2e32 2e38 2043 7265 6174 696e 6720 .7.2.8 Creating \n-000165e0: 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 2049 6d61 6765 Styled Box Image\n-000165f0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6369 --------..The ci\n+00015ba0: 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 rcular progress \n+00015bb0: 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 6e63 7469 indicator functi\n+00015bc0: 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 746f ons similarly to\n+00015bd0: 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 the progress ba\n+00015be0: 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 616e r..When given an\n+00015bf0: 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 id of \"__timeou\n+00015c00: 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7064 6174 t__\", GRUB updat\n+00015c10: 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 es the circular \n+00015c20: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 progress.indicat\n+00015c30: 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 696e or's value to in\n+00015c40: 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 dicate the time \n+00015c50: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 466f 7220 remaining. For \n+00015c60: 7468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 0a70 726f the circular.pro\n+00015c70: 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 722c gress indicator,\n+00015c80: 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2069 there are two i\n+00015c90: 6d61 6765 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 mages used to re\n+00015ca0: 6e64 6572 2069 743a 2074 6865 202a 6365 nder it: the *ce\n+00015cb0: 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 nter*.image, and\n+00015cc0: 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d 6167 the *tick* imag\n+00015cd0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2069 e. The center i\n+00015ce0: 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 mage is rendered\n+00015cf0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a6f in the center.o\n+00015d00: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c f the component,\n+00015d10: 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 while the tick \n+00015d20: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f image is used to\n+00015d30: 2072 656e 6465 7220 6561 6368 206d 6172 render each mar\n+00015d40: 6b20 616c 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 6369 7263 k along.the circ\n+00015d50: 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 umference of the\n+00015d60: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a 0a37 2e32 indicator...7.2\n+00015d70: 2e35 204c 6162 656c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .5 Labels.------\n+00015d80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 206c 6162 ------..Text lab\n+00015d90: 656c 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 6365 els can be place\n+00015da0: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7363 d on the boot sc\n+00015db0: 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 742c reen. The font,\n+00015dc0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2c20 616e 640a 686f 7269 color, and.hori\n+00015dd0: 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 zontal alignment\n+00015de0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n+00015df0: 6420 666f 7220 6c61 6265 6c73 2e20 2049 d for labels. 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Thi\n+00015ec0: 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 s is useful in c\n+00015ed0: 6173 6520 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6865 ase you want the\n+00015ee0: 0a74 6578 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 .text displayed \n+00015ef0: 736f 6d65 7768 6572 6520 656c 7365 2069 somewhere else i\n+00015f00: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 6469 7265 6374 nstead of direct\n+00015f10: 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 ly on the progre\n+00015f20: 7373 2062 6172 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e36 2042 ss bar...7.2.6 B\n+00015f30: 6f6f 7420 4d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oot Menu.-------\n+00015f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 626f --------..The bo\n+00015f50: 6f74 206d 656e 7520 7768 6572 6520 4752 ot menu where GR\n+00015f60: 5542 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 UB displays the \n+00015f70: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f menu entries fro\n+00015f80: 6d20 7468 6520 2267 7275 622e 6366 6722 m the \"grub.cfg\"\n+00015f90: 0a66 696c 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6120 .file. It is a \n+00015fa0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6974 656d 732c 2077 list of items, w\n+00015fb0: 6865 7265 2065 6163 6820 6974 656d 2068 here each item h\n+00015fc0: 6173 2061 2074 6974 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 as a title and a\n+00015fd0: 6e0a 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 636f 6e2e n.optional icon.\n+00015fe0: 2020 5468 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 The icon is se\n+00015ff0: 6c65 6374 6564 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 lected based on \n+00016000: 7468 6520 2a63 6c61 7373 6573 2a20 7370 the *classes* sp\n+00016010: 6563 6966 6965 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 ecified.for the \n+00016020: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 menu entry. If \n+00016030: 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 2050 4e47 2066 there is a PNG f\n+00016040: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 226d 7963 6c61 ile named \"mycla\n+00016050: 7373 2e70 6e67 2220 696e 2074 6865 0a22 ss.png\" in the.\"\n+00016060: 6772 7562 2f74 6865 6d65 732f 6963 6f6e grub/themes/icon\n+00016070: 7322 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 6974 s\" directory, it\n+00016080: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 will be display\n+00016090: 6564 2066 6f72 2069 7465 6d73 2077 6869 ed for items whi\n+000160a0: 6368 2068 6176 650a 7468 6520 636c 6173 ch have.the clas\n+000160b0: 7320 2a6d 7963 6c61 7373 2a2e 2020 5468 s *myclass*. Th\n+000160c0: 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 6361 6e20 e boot menu can \n+000160d0: 6265 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 6420 696e be customized in\n+000160e0: 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 732c 0a73 several ways,.s\n+000160f0: 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 uch as the font \n+00016100: 616e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7573 6564 2066 and color used f\n+00016110: 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 or the menu entr\n+00016120: 7920 7469 746c 652c 2061 6e64 2062 790a y title, and by.\n+00016130: 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 specifying style\n+00016140: 6420 626f 7865 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 d boxes for the \n+00016150: 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 656c 6620 616e 6420 menu itself and \n+00016160: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 for the selected\n+00016170: 2069 7465 6d0a 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742e item.highlight.\n+00016180: 0a0a 372e 322e 3720 5374 796c 6564 2042 ..7.2.7 Styled B\n+00016190: 6f78 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oxes.-----------\n+000161a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 206f 6620 -------..One of \n+000161b0: 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 the most importa\n+000161c0: 6e74 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 nt features for \n+000161d0: 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 696e 6720 7468 6520 customizing the \n+000161e0: 6c61 796f 7574 2069 7320 7468 6520 7573 layout is the us\n+000161f0: 650a 6f66 202a 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 e.of *styled box\n+00016200: 6573 2a2e 2020 4120 7374 796c 6564 2062 es*. 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The edg\n+00016410: 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 682c e slices (north,\n+00016420: 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 616e south, east, an\n+00016430: 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 7363 616c d west) are scal\n+00016440: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 ed in the. d\n+00016450: 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 irection of the \n+00016460: 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6164 edge they are ad\n+00016470: 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 466f 7220 jacent to. For \n+00016480: 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 6520 7765 instance, the we\n+00016490: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 6520 6973 st. slice is\n+000164a0: 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 6963 616c scaled vertical\n+000164b0: 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 2063 6f72 ly.. 2. The cor\n+000164c0: 6e65 7220 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 ner slices (nort\n+000164d0: 6877 6573 742c 206e 6f72 7468 6561 7374 hwest, northeast\n+000164e0: 2c20 736f 7574 6865 6173 742c 2061 6e64 , southeast, and\n+000164f0: 2073 6f75 7468 7765 7374 290a 2020 2020 southwest). \n+00016500: 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6361 6c65 642e are not scaled.\n+00016510: 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 . 3. The center\n+00016520: 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 7363 616c 6564 slice is scaled\n+00016530: 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 656d to fill the rem\n+00016540: 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 aining space in \n+00016550: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6964 646c 652e the. middle.\n+00016560: 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 .. As an examp\n+00016570: 6c65 206f 6620 686f 7720 616e 2069 6d61 le of how an ima\n+00016580: 6765 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 736c 6963 ge might be slic\n+00016590: 6564 2075 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 ed up, consider \n+000165a0: 7468 6520 7374 796c 6564 0a62 6f78 2075 the styled.box u\n+000165b0: 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 7465 726d 696e sed for a termin\n+000165c0: 616c 2076 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 al view...Figure\n+000165d0: 2037 2e33 0a37 2e32 2e38 2043 7265 6174 7.3.7.2.8 Creat\n+000165e0: 696e 6720 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 2049 ing Styled Box I\n+000165f0: 6d61 6765 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mages.----------\n 00016600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00016610: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 496e 6b73 6361 7065 --..The Inkscape\n-00016620: 5f20 7363 616c 6162 6c65 2076 6563 746f _ scalable vecto\n-00016630: 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2065 6469 746f r graphics edito\n-00016640: 7220 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 r is a very usef\n-00016650: 756c 2074 6f6f 6c20 666f 720a 6372 6561 ul tool for.crea\n-00016660: 7469 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 ting styled box \n-00016670: 696d 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e65 2070 726f images. One pro\n-00016680: 6365 7373 2074 6861 7420 776f 726b 7320 cess that works \n-00016690: 7765 6c6c 2066 6f72 2073 6c69 6369 6e67 well for slicing\n-000166a0: 2061 0a64 7261 7769 6e67 2069 6e74 6f20 a.drawing into \n-000166b0: 7468 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 696d the necessary im\n-000166c0: 6167 6520 736c 6963 6573 2069 733a 0a0a age slices is:..\n-000166d0: 2020 312e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6f72 206f 1. Create or o\n-000166e0: 7065 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 pen the drawing \n-000166f0: 796f 7527 6420 6c69 6b65 2075 7365 2e0a you'd like use..\n-00016700: 2020 322e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6120 6e65 2. Create a ne\n-00016710: 7720 6c61 7965 7220 6f6e 2074 6865 2074 w layer on the t\n-00016720: 6f70 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 op of the layer \n-00016730: 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4d61 6b65 2069 7420 stack. Make it \n-00016740: 7669 7369 626c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 5365 visible.. Se\n-00016750: 6c65 6374 2074 6869 7320 6c61 7965 7220 lect this layer \n-00016760: 6173 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c as the current l\n-00016770: 6179 6572 2e0a 2020 332e 2044 7261 7720 ayer.. 3. Draw \n-00016780: 3920 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 206f 6e20 9 rectangles on \n-00016790: 796f 7572 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2077 6865 your drawing whe\n-000167a0: 7265 2079 6f75 2764 206c 696b 6520 7468 re you'd like th\n-000167b0: 6520 736c 6963 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 e slices to. \n-000167c0: 2062 652e 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 be. Clear the \n-000167d0: 6669 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 fill option, and\n-000167e0: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2073 7472 6f6b 6520 set the stroke \n-000167f0: 746f 2031 2070 6978 656c 2077 6964 650a to 1 pixel wide.\n-00016800: 2020 2020 2073 6f6c 6964 2073 7472 6f6b solid strok\n-00016810: 652e 2020 5468 6520 636f 726e 6572 7320 e. The corners \n-00016820: 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 7320 6d75 of the slices mu\n-00016830: 7374 206d 6565 7420 7072 6563 6973 656c st meet precisel\n-00016840: 793b 2069 6620 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6973 y; if it. is\n-00016850: 206f 6666 2062 7920 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 off by a single\n-00016860: 2070 6978 656c 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 pixel, it will \n-00016870: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2062 6520 6576 6964 probably be evid\n-00016880: 656e 7420 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ent when the. \n-00016890: 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 styled box is \n-000168a0: 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 rendered in the \n-000168b0: 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e 2020 596f 7520 GRUB menu. You \n-000168c0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 726f 6261 626c 7920 should probably \n-000168d0: 676f 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2046 696c 6520 go to. File \n-000168e0: 7c20 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2050 726f 7065 | Document Prope\n-000168f0: 7274 6965 7320 7c20 4772 6964 7320 616e rties | Grids an\n-00016900: 6420 656e 6162 6c65 2061 2067 7269 6420 d enable a grid \n-00016910: 6f72 2063 7265 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 or create a. \n-00016920: 2067 7569 6465 2028 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e guide (click on\n-00016930: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 7275 6c65 one of the rule\n-00016940: 7273 206e 6578 7420 746f 2074 6865 2064 rs next to the d\n-00016950: 7261 7769 6e67 2061 6e64 2064 7261 6720 rawing and drag \n-00016960: 6f76 6572 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6472 over. the dr\n-00016970: 6177 696e 673b 2072 656c 6561 7365 2074 awing; release t\n-00016980: 6865 206d 6f75 7365 2062 7574 746f 6e20 he mouse button \n-00016990: 746f 2070 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2067 7569 to place the gui\n-000169a0: 6465 2920 746f 2068 656c 700a 2020 2020 de) to help. \n-000169b0: 2070 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2072 6563 7461 place the recta\n-000169c0: 6e67 6c65 7320 7072 6563 6973 656c 792e ngles precisely.\n-000169d0: 0a20 2034 2e20 5269 6768 7420 636c 6963 . 4. Right clic\n-000169e0: 6b20 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 k on the center \n-000169f0: 736c 6963 6520 7265 6374 616e 676c 6520 slice rectangle \n-00016a00: 616e 6420 6368 6f6f 7365 204f 626a 6563 and choose Objec\n-00016a10: 740a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 t. Propertie\n-00016a20: 732e 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2022 s. Change the \"\n-00016a30: 4964 2220 746f 2022 736c 6963 655f 6322 Id\" to \"slice_c\"\n-00016a40: 2061 6e64 2063 6c69 636b 2053 6574 2e20 and click Set. \n-00016a50: 2052 6570 6561 740a 2020 2020 2074 6869 Repeat. thi\n-00016a60: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e s for the remain\n-00016a70: 696e 6720 3820 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 ing 8 rectangles\n-00016a80: 2c20 6769 7669 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 4964 , giving them Id\n-00016a90: 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 values of. \n-00016aa0: 2273 6c69 6365 5f6e 222c 2022 736c 6963 \"slice_n\", \"slic\n-00016ab0: 655f 6e65 222c 2022 736c 6963 655f 6522 e_ne\", \"slice_e\"\n-00016ac0: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e20 6163 636f , and so on acco\n-00016ad0: 7264 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 rding to the. \n-00016ae0: 2020 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 352e location.. 5.\n-00016af0: 2053 6176 6520 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e Save the drawin\n-00016b00: 672e 0a20 2036 2e20 5365 6c65 6374 2061 g.. 6. Select a\n-00016b10: 6c6c 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 2072 6563 ll the slice rec\n-00016b20: 7461 6e67 6c65 732e 2020 5769 7468 2074 tangles. With t\n-00016b30: 6865 2073 6c69 6365 206c 6179 6572 2073 he slice layer s\n-00016b40: 656c 6563 7465 642c 0a20 2020 2020 796f elected,. yo\n-00016b50: 7520 6361 6e20 7369 6d70 6c79 2070 7265 u can simply pre\n-00016b60: 7373 2043 7472 6c2b 4120 746f 2073 656c ss Ctrl+A to sel\n-00016b70: 6563 7420 616c 6c20 7265 6374 616e 676c ect all rectangl\n-00016b80: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2073 7461 7475 730a es. The status.\n-00016b90: 2020 2020 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 bar should \n-00016ba0: 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6861 7420 3920 indicate that 9 \n-00016bb0: 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2061 7265 2073 rectangles are s\n-00016bc0: 656c 6563 7465 642e 0a20 2037 2e20 436c elected.. 7. Cl\n-00016bd0: 6963 6b20 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 6869 ick the layer hi\n-00016be0: 6465 2069 636f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 de icon for the \n-00016bf0: 736c 6963 6520 6c61 7965 7220 696e 2074 slice layer in t\n-00016c00: 6865 206c 6179 6572 2070 616c 6574 7465 he layer palette\n-00016c10: 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6563 7461 .. The recta\n-00016c20: 6e67 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c 2072 656d 6169 ngles will remai\n-00016c30: 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6576 656e n selected, even\n-00016c40: 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6579 2061 7265 though they are\n-00016c50: 2068 6964 6465 6e2e 0a20 2038 2e20 4368 hidden.. 8. 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This will cr\n-00016d10: 6561 7465 2050 4e47 2066 696c 6573 2069 eate PNG files i\n-00016d20: 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 n the same. \n-00016d30: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 6865 directory as the\n-00016d40: 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2c20 6e61 6d65 6420 drawing, named \n-00016d50: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 after the slices\n-00016d60: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2063 616e 206e 6f77 . These can now\n-00016d70: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 666f be. used fo\n-00016d80: 7220 6120 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 r a styled box i\n-00016d90: 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2074 6865 6d65 2e0a n a GRUB theme..\n-00016da0: 0a37 2e33 2054 6865 6d65 2046 696c 6520 .7.3 Theme File \n-00016db0: 4d61 6e75 616c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Manual.=========\n-00016dc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00016dd0: 6520 7468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2069 7320 e theme file is \n-00016de0: 6120 706c 6169 6e20 7465 7874 2066 696c a plain text fil\n-00016df0: 652e 2020 4c69 6e65 7320 7468 6174 2062 e. Lines that b\n-00016e00: 6567 696e 2077 6974 6820 2223 2220 6172 egin with \"#\" ar\n-00016e10: 650a 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 616e 6420 636f e.ignored and co\n-00016e20: 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 nsidered comment\n-00016e30: 732e 2020 284e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 7320 s. 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In this ex\n-00016fe0: 616d 706c 652c 206e 616d 6533 2069 7320 ample, name3 is \n-00016ff0: 6173 7369 676e 6564 2061 2063 6f6c 6f72 assigned a color\n-00017000: 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e33 2047 value...7.3.3 G\n-00017010: 6c6f 6261 6c20 5072 6f70 6572 7479 204c lobal Property L\n-00017020: 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ist.------------\n-00017030: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00017040: 7469 746c 652d 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 title-text \n-00017050: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 Specifies\n-00017060: 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 the text to dis\n-00017070: 706c 6179 2061 7420 7468 6520 746f 700a play at the top.\n-00017080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017090: 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 center of\n-000170a0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6173 2061 the screen as a\n-000170b0: 2074 6974 6c65 2e0a 7469 746c 652d 666f title..title-fo\n-000170c0: 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 nt D\n-000170d0: 6566 696e 6573 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 efines the font \n-000170e0: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 used for the tit\n-000170f0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le. \n-00017100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 messag\n-00017110: 6520 6174 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f 6620 e at the top of \n-00017120: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 7469 746c the screen..titl\n-00017130: 652d 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 e-color \n-00017140: 2020 2044 6566 696e 6573 2074 6865 2063 Defines the c\n-00017150: 6f6c 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 7469 746c olor of the titl\n-00017160: 6520 6d65 7373 6167 652e 0a6d 6573 7361 e message..messa\n-00017170: 6765 2d66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ge-font \n-00017180: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 7573 Currently unus\n-00017190: 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 666f 7220 6261 ed. Left for ba\n-000171a0: 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ckward. \n-000171b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f co\n-000171c0: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e 0a6d 6573 mpatibility..mes\n-000171d0: 7361 6765 2d63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 sage-color \n-000171e0: 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e Currently un\n-000171f0: 7573 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 666f 7220 used. Left for \n-00017200: 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 backward. \n+00016610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 496e 6b73 ------..The Inks\n+00016620: 6361 7065 5f20 7363 616c 6162 6c65 2076 cape_ scalable v\n+00016630: 6563 746f 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2065 ector graphics e\n+00016640: 6469 746f 7220 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 ditor is a very \n+00016650: 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f6f 6c20 666f 720a useful tool for.\n+00016660: 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 creating styled \n+00016670: 626f 7820 696d 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e65 box images. One\n+00016680: 2070 726f 6365 7373 2074 6861 7420 776f process that wo\n+00016690: 726b 7320 7765 6c6c 2066 6f72 2073 6c69 rks well for sli\n+000166a0: 6369 6e67 2061 0a64 7261 7769 6e67 2069 cing a.drawing i\n+000166b0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 nto the necessar\n+000166c0: 7920 696d 6167 6520 736c 6963 6573 2069 y image slices i\n+000166d0: 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2043 7265 6174 6520 s:.. 1. Create \n+000166e0: 6f72 206f 7065 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6177 or open the draw\n+000166f0: 696e 6720 796f 7527 6420 6c69 6b65 2075 ing you'd like u\n+00016700: 7365 2e0a 2020 322e 2043 7265 6174 6520 se.. 2. Create \n+00016710: 6120 6e65 7720 6c61 7965 7220 6f6e 2074 a new layer on t\n+00016720: 6865 2074 6f70 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 he top of the la\n+00016730: 7965 7220 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4d61 6b65 yer stack. 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Options are\n-000173f0: 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 \"stretch\",. \n+000173d0: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n+000173e0: 696d 6167 652a 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 image*. Options\n+000173f0: 2061 7265 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2c0a are \"stretch\",.\n 00017400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017410: 2020 2022 6372 6f70 222c 2022 7061 6464 \"crop\", \"padd\n-00017420: 696e 6722 2c20 2266 6974 7769 6474 6822 ing\", \"fitwidth\"\n-00017430: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,. \n-00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6669 7468 6569 \"fithei\n-00017450: 6768 7422 2e20 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 ght\". \"stretch\"\n-00017460: 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 for fitting the\n-00017470: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2073 screen s\n-00017490: 697a 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 ize. Otherwise \n-000174a0: 6974 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it is. \n-000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f pro\n-000174c0: 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c20 7363 616c 696e portional scalin\n-000174d0: 6720 6f66 2061 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a20 g of a part of. \n-000174e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 *desktop-i\n-00017500: 6d61 6765 2a20 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 mage* to the par\n-00017510: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t of the. \n+00017410: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6372 6f70 222c 2022 \"crop\", \"\n+00017420: 7061 6464 696e 6722 2c20 2266 6974 7769 padding\", \"fitwi\n+00017430: 6474 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth\",. \n+00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6669 \"fi\n+00017450: 7468 6569 6768 7422 2e20 2022 7374 7265 theight\". \"stre\n+00017460: 7463 6822 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 tch\" for fitting\n+00017470: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 scre\n+00017490: 656e 2073 697a 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 en size. Otherw\n+000174a0: 6973 6520 6974 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 ise it is. \n+000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000174c0: 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c20 7363 proportional sc\n+000174d0: 616c 696e 6720 6f66 2061 2070 6172 7420 aling of a part \n+000174e0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 of. \n+000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 *deskt\n+00017500: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 746f 2074 6865 op-image* to the\n+00017510: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 part of the. \n 00017520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017530: 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2022 6372 6f70 2220 screen. \"crop\" \n-00017540: 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 part of the. \n+00017530: 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2022 6372 screen. \"cr\n+00017540: 6f70 2220 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a op\" part of the.\n 00017550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017560: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n-00017570: 652a 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f 706f e* will be propo\n-00017580: 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 rtionally. \n+00017560: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n+00017570: 696d 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 image* will be p\n+00017580: 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 roportionally. \n 00017590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000175a0: 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 6974 2074 scaled to fit t\n-000175b0: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 732e he screen sizes.\n-000175c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6164 6469 6e67 \"padding\n-000175e0: 2220 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 202a 6465 \" the entire *de\n-000175f0: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2077 696c sktop-image* wil\n-00017600: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6520 636f 6e74 be cont\n-00017620: 6169 6e65 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 ained on the scr\n-00017630: 6565 6e2e 2020 2266 6974 7769 6474 6822 een. \"fitwidth\"\n-00017640: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 7220 6669 7474 for fitt\n-00017660: 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 ing the *desktop\n-00017670: 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 7769 6474 680a -image*'s width.\n-00017680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7363 7265 with scre\n-000176a0: 656e 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2022 6669 7468 en width. \"fith\n-000176b0: 6569 6768 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 eight\" for. \n+000175a0: 2020 2020 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 scaled to f\n+000175b0: 6974 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 it the screen si\n+000175c0: 7a65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 zes.. \n+000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6164 \"pad\n+000175e0: 6469 6e67 2220 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 ding\" the entire\n+000175f0: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a *desktop-image*\n+00017600: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 will. \n+00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6520 be \n+00017620: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 contained on the\n+00017630: 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2266 6974 7769 screen. \"fitwi\n+00017640: 6474 6822 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth\". \n+00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 7220 for \n+00017660: 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 fitting the *des\n+00017670: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 7769 ktop-image*'s wi\n+00017680: 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth. \n+00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 with \n+000176a0: 7363 7265 656e 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2022 screen width. \"\n+000176b0: 6669 7468 6569 6768 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 fitheight\" for. \n 000176c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000176d0: 2020 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 fitting the *d\n-000176e0: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 esktop-image*'s \n-000176f0: 6865 6967 6874 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 height with. \n+000176d0: 2020 2020 2020 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 fitting th\n+000176e0: 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 e *desktop-image\n+000176f0: 2a27 7320 6865 6967 6874 2077 6974 680a *'s height with.\n 00017700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017710: 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6865 the screen he\n-00017720: 6967 6874 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 ight. Default i\n-00017730: 7320 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e 0a64 6573 s \"stretch\"..des\n-00017740: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d68 2d61 6c69 ktop-image-h-ali\n-00017750: 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 gn Specifies th\n-00017760: 6520 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 e horizontal ali\n-00017770: 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 gnment of the. \n-00017780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017790: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n-000177a0: 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 age* if. \n-000177b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a *\n-000177c0: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 desktop-image-sc\n-000177d0: 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 ale-method* isn'\n-000177e0: 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t equeal. \n+00017710: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 the scree\n+00017720: 6e20 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2044 6566 6175 n height. Defau\n+00017730: 6c74 2069 7320 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e lt is \"stretch\".\n+00017740: 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d68 .desktop-image-h\n+00017750: 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 -align Specifie\n+00017760: 7320 7468 6520 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c s the horizontal\n+00017770: 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 alignment of th\n+00017780: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00017790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f *deskto\n+000177a0: 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 p-image* if. \n+000177b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000177c0: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n+000177d0: 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 e-scale-method* \n+000177e0: 6973 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 isn't equeal. \n 000177f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017800: 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e20 204f to \"stretch\". O\n-00017810: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 ptions are \"left\n-00017820: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \",. \n-00017830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 \"cente\n-00017840: 7222 2c20 2272 6967 6874 222e 2020 4465 r\", \"right\". De\n-00017850: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6365 6e74 6572 fault is \"center\n-00017860: 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 \"..desktop-image\n-00017870: 2d76 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 -v-align Specif\n-00017880: 6965 7320 7468 6520 7665 7274 6963 616c ies the vertical\n-00017890: 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 alignment of th\n-000178a0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-000178b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f *deskto\n-000178c0: 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 p-image* if. \n+00017800: 2020 2020 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 to \"stretch\"\n+00017810: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 . Options are \"\n+00017820: 6c65 6674 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 left\",. \n+00017830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 \"c\n+00017840: 656e 7465 7222 2c20 2272 6967 6874 222e enter\", \"right\".\n+00017850: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6365 Default is \"ce\n+00017860: 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 nter\"..desktop-i\n+00017870: 6d61 6765 2d76 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 mage-v-align Sp\n+00017880: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7665 7274 ecifies the vert\n+00017890: 6963 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f ical alignment o\n+000178a0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n+000178b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 *de\n+000178c0: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a sktop-image* if.\n 000178d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000178e0: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n-000178f0: 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 e-scale-method* \n-00017900: 6973 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 isn't equeal. \n-00017910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017920: 2020 2020 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 to \"stretch\"\n-00017930: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 . Options are \"\n-00017940: 746f 7022 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 top\",. \n-00017950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 \"ce\n-00017960: 6e74 6572 222c 2022 626f 7474 6f6d 222e nter\", \"bottom\".\n-00017970: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6365 Default is \"ce\n-00017980: 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d63 nter\"..desktop-c\n-00017990: 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 olor Sp\n-000179a0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c6f ecifies the colo\n-000179b0: 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 6261 636b 6772 r for the backgr\n-000179c0: 6f75 6e64 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ound if. \n-000179d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a *\n-000179e0: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 desktop-image* i\n-000179f0: 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 642e s not specified.\n-00017a00: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7820 2020 .terminal-box \n-00017a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 Specifie\n-00017a20: 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 s the file name \n-00017a30: 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a pattern for the.\n-00017a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017a50: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f styled bo\n-00017a60: 7820 736c 6963 6573 2075 7365 6420 666f x slices used fo\n-00017a70: 7220 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 r the command. \n-00017a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017a90: 2020 2020 206c 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e line termin\n-00017aa0: 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 2020 466f 7220 al window. For \n-00017ab0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 example,. \n+000178e0: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n+000178f0: 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 image-scale-meth\n+00017900: 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c od* isn't equeal\n+00017910: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f 2022 7374 7265 to \"stre\n+00017930: 7463 6822 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 tch\". Options a\n+00017940: 7265 2022 746f 7022 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 re \"top\",. \n+00017950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017960: 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 626f 7474 \"center\", \"bott\n+00017970: 6f6d 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 om\". Default is\n+00017980: 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 \"center\"..deskt\n+00017990: 6f70 2d63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 op-color \n+000179a0: 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 Specifies the \n+000179b0: 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 6261 color for the ba\n+000179c0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 660a 2020 2020 ckground if. \n+000179d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000179e0: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n+000179f0: 652a 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 e* is not specif\n+00017a00: 6965 642e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f ied..terminal-bo\n+00017a10: 7820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 x Spec\n+00017a20: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e ifies the file n\n+00017a30: 616d 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 ame pattern for \n+00017a40: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7479 6c65 style\n+00017a60: 6420 626f 7820 736c 6963 6573 2075 7365 d box slices use\n+00017a70: 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e d for the comman\n+00017a80: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+00017a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 6520 7465 line te\n+00017aa0: 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 2020 rminal window. \n+00017ab0: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a20 2020 For example,. \n 00017ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017ad0: 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 783a 2074 \"terminal-box: t\n-00017ae0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 2077 erminal_*.png\" w\n-00017af0: 696c 6c20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill use. \n-00017b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00017b10: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2274 6572 6d69 he images \"termi\n-00017b20: 6e61 6c5f 632e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 nal_c.png\" as th\n-00017b30: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e center. \n+00017ad0: 2020 2020 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f \"terminal-bo\n+00017ae0: 783a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 2a2e 706e x: terminal_*.pn\n+00017af0: 6722 2077 696c 6c20 7573 650a 2020 2020 g\" will use. \n+00017b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017b10: 2020 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2274 the images \"t\n+00017b20: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 632e 706e 6722 2061 erminal_c.png\" a\n+00017b30: 7320 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a20 2020 s the center. \n 00017b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017b50: 6172 6561 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f area, \"terminal_\n-00017b60: 6e2e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f n.png\" as the no\n-00017b70: 7274 6820 2874 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2020 rth (top). \n+00017b50: 2020 2020 6172 6561 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 area, \"termi\n+00017b60: 6e61 6c5f 6e2e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 nal_n.png\" as th\n+00017b70: 6520 6e6f 7274 6820 2874 6f70 290a 2020 e north (top). \n 00017b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017b90: 2065 6467 652c 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c edge, \"terminal\n-00017ba0: 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 _nw.png\" as the \n-00017bb0: 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 740a 2020 2020 2020 northwest. \n+00017b90: 2020 2020 2065 6467 652c 2022 7465 726d edge, \"term\n+00017ba0: 696e 616c 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2061 7320 inal_nw.png\" as \n+00017bb0: 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 740a 2020 the northwest. \n 00017bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017bd0: 2028 7570 7065 7220 6c65 6674 2920 636f (upper left) co\n-00017be0: 726e 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e rner, and so on.\n-00017bf0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 If the. \n+00017bd0: 2020 2020 2028 7570 7065 7220 6c65 6674 (upper left\n+00017be0: 2920 636f 726e 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f ) corner, and so\n+00017bf0: 206f 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 on. If the. \n 00017c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c10: 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 616e 7920 736c image for any sl\n-00017c20: 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 ice is not found\n-00017c30: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 , it will. \n+00017c10: 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 616e image for an\n+00017c20: 7920 736c 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2066 y slice is not f\n+00017c30: 6f75 6e64 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 ound, it will. \n 00017c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c50: 2073 696d 706c 7920 6265 206c 6566 7420 simply be left \n-00017c60: 656d 7074 792e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d empty..terminal-\n-00017c70: 626f 7264 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 border Sp\n-00017c80: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 626f 7264 ecifies the bord\n-00017c90: 6572 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 650a er width of the.\n-00017ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 terminal \n-00017cc0: 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c window..terminal\n-00017cd0: 2d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 -left S\n-00017ce0: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 206c 6566 pecifies the lef\n-00017cf0: 7420 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 206f 6620 t coordinate of \n-00017d00: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 termi\n-00017d20: 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d nal window..term\n-00017d30: 696e 616c 2d74 6f70 2020 2020 2020 2020 inal-top \n-00017d40: 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 Specifies the\n-00017d50: 2074 6f70 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6520 top coordinate \n-00017d60: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n-00017d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 te\n-00017d80: 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 rminal window..t\n-00017d90: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 7769 6474 6820 2020 erminal-width \n-00017da0: 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 Specifies \n-00017db0: 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 the width of the\n-00017dc0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 terminal. \n+00017c50: 2020 2020 2073 696d 706c 7920 6265 206c simply be l\n+00017c60: 6566 7420 656d 7074 792e 0a74 6572 6d69 eft empty..termi\n+00017c70: 6e61 6c2d 626f 7264 6572 2020 2020 2020 nal-border \n+00017c80: 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 Specifies the \n+00017c90: 626f 7264 6572 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 border width of \n+00017ca0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 termi\n+00017cc0: 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d nal window..term\n+00017cd0: 696e 616c 2d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 inal-left \n+00017ce0: 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 Specifies the\n+00017cf0: 206c 6566 7420 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 left coordinate\n+00017d00: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00017d20: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a erminal window..\n+00017d30: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d74 6f70 2020 2020 terminal-top \n+00017d40: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 Specifies\n+00017d50: 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2063 6f6f 7264 696e the top coordin\n+00017d60: 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ate of the. \n+00017d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017d80: 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f terminal windo\n+00017d90: 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 7769 6474 w..terminal-widt\n+00017da0: 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 h Specif\n+00017db0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 ies the width of\n+00017dc0: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 the terminal. \n 00017dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017de0: 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 window..termina\n-00017df0: 6c2d 6865 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 l-height \n-00017e00: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6865 Specifies the he\n-00017e10: 6967 6874 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 726d ight of the term\n-00017e20: 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 inal. \n-00017e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6e64 wind\n-00017e40: 6f77 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e34 2043 6f6d 706f ow...7.3.4 Compo\n-00017e50: 6e65 6e74 2043 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 696f nent Constructio\n-00017e60: 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n.--------------\n-00017e70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00017e80: 4772 6561 7465 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a Greater customiz\n-00017e90: 6162 696c 6974 7920 636f 6d65 7320 6973 ability comes is\n-00017ea0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d provided by com\n-00017eb0: 706f 6e65 6e74 732e 2020 4120 7472 6565 ponents. A tree\n-00017ec0: 206f 660a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2066 of.components f\n-00017ed0: 6f72 6d73 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 696e orms the user in\n-00017ee0: 7465 7266 6163 652e 2020 2a43 6f6e 7461 terface. *Conta\n-00017ef0: 696e 6572 732a 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 706f iners* are compo\n-00017f00: 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 6174 0a63 616e 2063 nents that.can c\n-00017f10: 6f6e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6d ontain other com\n-00017f20: 706f 6e65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 ponents, and the\n-00017f30: 7265 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 2061 2073 re is always a s\n-00017f40: 696e 676c 6520 726f 6f74 0a63 6f6d 706f ingle root.compo\n-00017f50: 6e65 6e74 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 616e nent which is an\n-00017f60: 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 202a instance of a *\n-00017f70: 6361 6e76 6173 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 canvas* containe\n-00017f80: 722e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 r... Component\n-00017f90: 7320 6172 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 696e s are created in\n-00017fa0: 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 the theme file \n-00017fb0: 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2074 6865 by prefixing the\n-00017fc0: 2074 7970 6520 6f66 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 type of.compone\n-00017fd0: 6e74 2077 6974 6820 6120 272b 2720 7369 nt with a '+' si\n-00017fe0: 676e 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 9820 2b20 6c61 gn:.. ... + la\n-00017ff0: 6265 6c20 7b20 7465 7874 3d22 4752 5542 bel { text=\"GRUB\n-00018000: 2220 666f 6e74 3d22 6171 7569 2031 3122 \" font=\"aqui 11\"\n-00018010: 2063 6f6c 6f72 3d22 2338 4646 2220 7d20 color=\"#8FF\" } \n-00018020: e280 990a 0a20 2020 7072 6f70 6572 7469 ..... properti\n-00018030: 6573 206f 6620 6120 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e es of a componen\n-00018040: 7420 6172 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 t are specified \n-00018050: 6173 2022 6e61 6d65 203d 2076 616c 7565 as \"name = value\n-00018060: 2220 2877 6869 7465 7370 6163 650a 7375 \" (whitespace.su\n-00018070: 7272 6f75 6e64 696e 6720 746f 6b65 6e73 rrounding tokens\n-00018080: 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 is optional and\n-00018090: 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 6429 2077 6865 is ignored) whe\n-000180a0: 7265 202a 7661 6c75 652a 206d 6179 2062 re *value* may b\n-000180b0: 653a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 7369 6e67 e:. ... a sing\n-000180c0: 6c65 2077 6f72 6420 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 le word (e.g., \"\n-000180d0: 616c 6967 6e20 3d20 6365 6e74 6572 222c align = center\",\n-000180e0: 2022 636f 6c6f 7220 3d20 2346 4638 3038 \"color = #FF808\n-000180f0: 3022 292c 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 7175 0\"),. ... a qu\n-00018100: 6f74 6564 2073 7472 696e 6720 2865 2e67 oted string (e.g\n-00018110: 2e2c 2022 7465 7874 203d 2022 4865 6c6c ., \"text = \"Hell\n-00018120: 6f2c 2057 6f72 6c64 2122 2229 2c20 6f72 o, World!\"\"), or\n-00018130: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 7475 706c 6520 . ... a tuple \n-00018140: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 7072 6566 6572 7265 (e.g., \"preferre\n-00018150: 645f 7369 7a65 203d 2028 3132 302c 2038 d_size = (120, 8\n-00018160: 3029 2229 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e35 2043 6f6d 0)\")...7.3.5 Com\n-00018170: 706f 6e65 6e74 204c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d ponent List.----\n+00017de0: 2020 2020 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 window..ter\n+00017df0: 6d69 6e61 6c2d 6865 6967 6874 2020 2020 minal-height \n+00017e00: 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 Specifies th\n+00017e10: 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 7468 6520 e height of the \n+00017e20: 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 terminal. \n+00017e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017e40: 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e34 2043 window...7.3.4 C\n+00017e50: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2043 6f6e 7374 7275 omponent Constru\n+00017e60: 6374 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ction.----------\n+00017e70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00017e80: 2d2d 0a0a 4772 6561 7465 7220 6375 7374 --..Greater cust\n+00017e90: 6f6d 697a 6162 696c 6974 7920 636f 6d65 omizability come\n+00017ea0: 7320 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 s is provided by\n+00017eb0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732e 2020 4120 components. A \n+00017ec0: 7472 6565 206f 660a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e tree of.componen\n+00017ed0: 7473 2066 6f72 6d73 2074 6865 2075 7365 ts forms the use\n+00017ee0: 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e 2020 2a43 r interface. *C\n+00017ef0: 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 732a 2061 7265 2063 ontainers* are c\n+00017f00: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 6174 0a63 omponents that.c\n+00017f10: 616e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 an contain other\n+00017f20: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 components, and\n+00017f30: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 there is always\n+00017f40: 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 726f 6f74 0a63 a single root.c\n+00017f50: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6869 6368 2069 omponent which i\n+00017f60: 7320 616e 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 6520 6f66 s an instance of\n+00017f70: 2061 202a 6361 6e76 6173 2a20 636f 6e74 a *canvas* cont\n+00017f80: 6169 6e65 722e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 706f ainer... Compo\n+00017f90: 6e65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6372 6561 7465 nents are create\n+00017fa0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2066 d in the theme f\n+00017fb0: 696c 6520 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 ile by prefixing\n+00017fc0: 2074 6865 2074 7970 6520 6f66 0a63 6f6d the type of.com\n+00017fd0: 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 6120 272b ponent with a '+\n+00017fe0: 2720 7369 676e 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 9820 ' sign:.. ... \n+00017ff0: 2b20 6c61 6265 6c20 7b20 7465 7874 3d22 + label { text=\"\n+00018000: 4752 5542 2220 666f 6e74 3d22 6171 7569 GRUB\" font=\"aqui\n+00018010: 2031 3122 2063 6f6c 6f72 3d22 2338 4646 11\" color=\"#8FF\n+00018020: 2220 7d20 e280 990a 0a20 2020 7072 6f70 \" } ..... prop\n+00018030: 6572 7469 6573 206f 6620 6120 636f 6d70 erties of a comp\n+00018040: 6f6e 656e 7420 6172 6520 7370 6563 6966 onent are specif\n+00018050: 6965 6420 6173 2022 6e61 6d65 203d 2076 ied as \"name = v\n+00018060: 616c 7565 2220 2877 6869 7465 7370 6163 alue\" (whitespac\n+00018070: 650a 7375 7272 6f75 6e64 696e 6720 746f e.surrounding to\n+00018080: 6b65 6e73 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c kens is optional\n+00018090: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 6429 and is ignored)\n+000180a0: 2077 6865 7265 202a 7661 6c75 652a 206d where *value* m\n+000180b0: 6179 2062 653a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 ay be:. ... a \n+000180c0: 7369 6e67 6c65 2077 6f72 6420 2865 2e67 single word (e.g\n+000180d0: 2e2c 2022 616c 6967 6e20 3d20 6365 6e74 ., \"align = cent\n+000180e0: 6572 222c 2022 636f 6c6f 7220 3d20 2346 er\", \"color = #F\n+000180f0: 4638 3038 3022 292c 0a20 2020 e280 a220 F8080\"),. ... \n+00018100: 6120 7175 6f74 6564 2073 7472 696e 6720 a quoted string \n+00018110: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 7465 7874 203d 2022 (e.g., \"text = \"\n+00018120: 4865 6c6c 6f2c 2057 6f72 6c64 2122 2229 Hello, World!\"\")\n+00018130: 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 7475 , or. ... a tu\n+00018140: 706c 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 7072 6566 ple (e.g., \"pref\n+00018150: 6572 7265 645f 7369 7a65 203d 2028 3132 erred_size = (12\n+00018160: 302c 2038 3029 2229 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e35 0, 80)\")...7.3.5\n+00018170: 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 204c 6973 740a Component List.\n 00018180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00018190: 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 ..The following \n-000181a0: 6973 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6865 is a list of the\n-000181b0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 616e 6420 components and \n-000181c0: 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2074 the properties t\n-000181d0: 6865 790a 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a 2020 hey.support... \n-000181e0: 20e2 80a2 206c 6162 656c 2041 206c 6162 ... label A lab\n-000181f0: 656c 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 6120 6c69 el displays a li\n-00018200: 6e65 206f 6620 7465 7874 2e0a 0a20 2020 ne of text... \n-00018210: 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 2020 Properties:. \n-00018220: 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n-00018230: 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 Set to \"__time\n-00018240: 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 out__\" to displa\n-00018250: 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 y the time elaps\n-00018260: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n-00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 to an aut\n-00018280: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 omatical boot of\n-00018290: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 the default ent\n-000182a0: 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 7420 2020 ry.. text \n-000182b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 The text\n-000182c0: 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 792e 2020 4966 to display. If\n-000182d0: 2022 6964 2220 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a \"id\" is set to.\n-000182e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000182f0: 2020 2020 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f \"__timeout__\n-00018300: 2220 616e 6420 6e6f 2022 7465 7874 2220 \" and no \"text\" \n-00018310: 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 property is set \n-00018320: 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 then. \n-00018330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 6d6f the amo\n-00018340: 756e 7420 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2077 unt of seconds w\n-00018350: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e20 2049 ill be shown. I\n-00018360: 6620 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 f set to. \n-00018370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 404b \"@K\n-00018380: 4559 4d41 505f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 2022 EYMAP_SHORT@\", \"\n-00018390: 404b 4559 4d41 505f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 @KEYMAP_MIDDLE@\"\n-000183a0: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-000183b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 4b45 594d 4150 \"@KEYMAP\n-000183c0: 5f4c 4f4e 4740 2220 7468 656e 2070 7265 _LONG@\" then pre\n-000183d0: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 686f 746b 6579 0a20 defined hotkey. \n-000183e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000183f0: 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 information w\n-00018400: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 ill be shown.. \n-00018410: 2020 2066 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 font \n-00018420: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 The font to us\n-00018430: 6520 666f 7220 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c e for text displ\n-00018440: 6179 2e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 2020 ay.. color \n-00018450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f The colo\n-00018460: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e 0a20 r of the text.. \n-00018470: 2020 2020 616c 6967 6e20 2020 2020 2020 align \n-00018480: 2020 2054 6865 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 The horizonta\n-00018490: 6c20 616c 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 l alignment of t\n-000184a0: 6865 2074 6578 7420 7769 7468 696e 2074 he text within t\n-000184b0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-000184c0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 component\n-000184d0: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 . Options are \"\n-000184e0: 6c65 6674 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 2220 left\", \"center\" \n-000184f0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and. \n-00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2272 6967 6874 222e \"right\".\n-00018510: 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 . visible \n-00018520: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 2266 616c Set to \"fal\n-00018530: 7365 2220 746f 2068 6964 6520 7468 6520 se\" to hide the \n-00018540: 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 label... ... i\n-00018550: 6d61 6765 2041 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 mage A component\n-00018560: 2074 6861 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 that displays a\n-00018570: 6e20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 696d n image. The im\n-00018580: 6167 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f age is scaled to\n-00018590: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7420 7468 6520 636f . fit the co\n-000185a0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 mponent... P\n-000185b0: 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 roperties:.. \n-000185c0: 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n-000185d0: 5468 6520 6675 6c6c 2070 6174 6820 746f The full path to\n-000185e0: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 the image file \n-000185f0: 746f 206c 6f61 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 to load... ...\n-00018600: 2070 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 7220 4469 progress_bar Di\n-00018610: 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e splays a horizon\n-00018620: 7461 6c6c 7920 6f72 6965 6e74 6564 2070 tally oriented p\n-00018630: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 4974 rogress bar. It\n-00018640: 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2072 656e can. be ren\n-00018650: 6465 7265 6420 7573 696e 6720 7369 6d70 dered using simp\n-00018660: 6c65 2073 6f6c 6964 2066 696c 6c65 6420 le solid filled \n-00018670: 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2c20 6f72 2075 rectangles, or u\n-00018680: 7369 6e67 2061 2070 6169 720a 2020 2020 sing a pair. \n-00018690: 206f 6620 7069 786d 6170 2073 7479 6c65 of pixmap style\n-000186a0: 6420 626f 7865 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 d boxes... P\n-000186b0: 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 roperties:.. \n-000186c0: 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n-000186d0: 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 Set to \"__timeou\n-000186e0: 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 t__\" to display \n-000186f0: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 the time elapsed\n-00018700: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018710: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d to an autom\n-00018720: 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 atical boot of t\n-00018730: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 he default entry\n-00018740: 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 .. fg_color \n-00018750: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 7265 6772 The foregr\n-00018760: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 ound color for p\n-00018770: 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 lain solid color\n-00018780: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018790: 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a rendering..\n-000187a0: 2020 2020 2062 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 bg_color \n-000187b0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 The backgrou\n-000187c0: 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 nd color for pla\n-000187d0: 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 in solid color. \n-000187e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000187f0: 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 rendering.. \n-00018800: 2020 2062 6f72 6465 725f 636f 6c6f 7220 border_color \n-00018810: 2020 5468 6520 626f 7264 6572 2063 6f6c The border col\n-00018820: 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c or for plain sol\n-00018830: 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 id color. \n-00018840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e ren\n-00018850: 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 dering.. tex\n-00018860: 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 5468 6520 t_color The \n-00018870: 7465 7874 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e0a 2020 2020 text color.. \n-00018880: 2062 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 bar_style \n-00018890: 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 The styled box s\n-000188a0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 pecification for\n-000188b0: 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 206f 660a 2020 the frame of. \n-000188c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000188d0: 2020 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 the progress b\n-000188e0: 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 ar. Example:. \n-000188f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018900: 2020 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6672 616d \"progress_fram\n-00018910: 655f 2a2e 706e 6722 2049 6620 7468 6520 e_*.png\" If the \n-00018920: 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 value is equal t\n-00018930: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 \"highlight\n-00018950: 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f20 _style\" then no \n-00018960: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c styled boxes wil\n-00018970: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l be. \n-00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 686f 776e 2e0a shown..\n-00018990: 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 highlight_s\n-000189a0: 7479 6c65 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 tyleThe styled b\n-000189b0: 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ox specification\n-000189c0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 for the highlig\n-000189d0: 6874 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hted. \n-000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 696f 6e20 region \n-000189f0: 6f66 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 of the progress \n-00018a00: 6261 722e 2020 5468 6973 2062 6f78 2077 bar. This box w\n-00018a10: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill be. \n-00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 used \n-00018a30: 746f 2070 6169 6e74 206a 7573 7420 7468 to paint just th\n-00018a40: 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 7265 e highlighted re\n-00018a50: 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 gion of the. \n+00018190: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ----..The follow\n+000181a0: 696e 6720 6973 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ing is a list of\n+000181b0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 the components \n+000181c0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 7469 and the properti\n+000181d0: 6573 2074 6865 790a 7375 7070 6f72 742e es they.support.\n+000181e0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6162 656c 2041 .. ... label A\n+000181f0: 206c 6162 656c 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 label displays \n+00018200: 6120 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 7465 7874 2e0a a line of text..\n+00018210: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 . 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If set to. \n+00018370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018380: 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f 5348 4f52 5440 \"@KEYMAP_SHORT@\n+00018390: 222c 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f 4d49 4444 \", \"@KEYMAP_MIDD\n+000183a0: 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 LE@\" or. \n+000183b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 4b45 \"@KE\n+000183c0: 594d 4150 5f4c 4f4e 4740 2220 7468 656e YMAP_LONG@\" then\n+000183d0: 2070 7265 6465 6669 6e65 6420 686f 746b predefined hotk\n+000183e0: 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ey. \n+000183f0: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 informati\n+00018400: 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e on will be shown\n+00018410: 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 .. font \n+00018420: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 The font t\n+00018430: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7465 7874 2064 o use for text d\n+00018440: 6973 706c 6179 2e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c isplay.. col\n+00018450: 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 or The \n+00018460: 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 color of the tex\n+00018470: 742e 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6967 6e20 2020 t.. align \n+00018480: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2068 6f72 697a The horiz\n+00018490: 6f6e 7461 6c20 616c 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 ontal alignment \n+000184a0: 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 7769 7468 of the text with\n+000184b0: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n+000184c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f compo\n+000184d0: 6e65 6e74 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 nent. Options a\n+000184e0: 7265 2022 6c65 6674 222c 2022 6365 6e74 re \"left\", \"cent\n+000184f0: 6572 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 er\" and. \n+00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2272 6967 \"rig\n+00018510: 6874 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c ht\".. visibl\n+00018520: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 e Set to \n+00018530: 2266 616c 7365 2220 746f 2068 6964 6520 \"false\" to hide \n+00018540: 7468 6520 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 the label... .\n+00018550: 80a2 2069 6d61 6765 2041 2063 6f6d 706f .. image A compo\n+00018560: 6e65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6469 7370 6c61 nent that displa\n+00018570: 7973 2061 6e20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 ys an image. Th\n+00018580: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 e image is scale\n+00018590: 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7420 7468 d to. fit th\n+000185a0: 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 e component... \n+000185b0: 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a Properties:..\n+000185c0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 file \n+000185d0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6675 6c6c 2070 6174 The full pat\n+000185e0: 6820 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 h to the image f\n+000185f0: 696c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 642e 0a0a 2020 ile to load... \n+00018600: 20e2 80a2 2070 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 ... progress_ba\n+00018610: 7220 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2068 6f72 r Displays a hor\n+00018620: 697a 6f6e 7461 6c6c 7920 6f72 6965 6e74 izontally orient\n+00018630: 6564 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e ed progress bar.\n+00018640: 2020 4974 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 It can. be\n+00018650: 2072 656e 6465 7265 6420 7573 696e 6720 rendered using \n+00018660: 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 6f6c 6964 2066 696c simple solid fil\n+00018670: 6c65 6420 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2c20 led rectangles, \n+00018680: 6f72 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2070 6169 720a or using a pair.\n+00018690: 2020 2020 206f 6620 7069 786d 6170 2073 of pixmap s\n+000186a0: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 732e 0a0a 2020 tyled boxes... \n+000186b0: 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a Properties:..\n+000186c0: 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n+000186d0: 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 Set to \"__ti\n+000186e0: 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 meout__\" to disp\n+000186f0: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 lay the time ela\n+00018700: 7073 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 psed. \n+00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 616e 2061 to an a\n+00018720: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 utomatical boot \n+00018730: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 of the default e\n+00018740: 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 675f 636f ntry.. fg_co\n+00018750: 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f lor The fo\n+00018760: 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 reground color f\n+00018770: 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 or plain solid c\n+00018780: 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 olor. \n+00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 renderi\n+000187a0: 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 675f 636f 6c6f ng.. bg_colo\n+000187b0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6261 636b r The back\n+000187c0: 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 ground color for\n+000187d0: 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c plain solid col\n+000187e0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 rendering\n+00018800: 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f72 6465 725f 636f .. border_co\n+00018810: 6c6f 7220 2020 5468 6520 626f 7264 6572 lor The border\n+00018820: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e color for plain\n+00018830: 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 solid color. \n+00018840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018850: 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 rendering.. \n+00018860: 2074 6578 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 text_color \n+00018870: 5468 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e0a The text color..\n+00018880: 2020 2020 2062 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 bar_style \n+00018890: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 The styled b\n+000188a0: 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ox specification\n+000188b0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 206f for the frame o\n+000188c0: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f. \n+000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 the progre\n+000188e0: 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 ss bar. Example\n+000188f0: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n+00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f \"progress_\n+00018910: 6672 616d 655f 2a2e 706e 6722 2049 6620 frame_*.png\" If \n+00018920: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 the value is equ\n+00018930: 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al to. \n+00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2268 6967 686c \"highl\n+00018950: 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e ight_style\" then\n+00018960: 206e 6f20 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 no styled boxes\n+00018970: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n+00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 686f sho\n+00018990: 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 wn.. highlig\n+000189a0: 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 5468 6520 7374 796c ht_styleThe styl\n+000189b0: 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 ed box specifica\n+000189c0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 tion for the hig\n+000189d0: 686c 6967 6874 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 hlighted. \n+000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 reg\n+000189f0: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 ion of the progr\n+00018a00: 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 5468 6973 2062 ess bar. This b\n+00018a10: 6f78 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 ox will be. \n+00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 u\n+00018a30: 7365 6420 746f 2070 6169 6e74 206a 7573 sed to paint jus\n+00018a40: 7420 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 t the highlighte\n+00018a50: 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a d region of the.\n 00018a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018a70: 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 bar, and will be\n-00018a80: 2069 6e63 7265 6173 6564 2069 6e20 7369 increased in si\n-00018a90: 7a65 2061 7320 7468 6520 6261 720a 2020 ze as the bar. \n-00018aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ab0: 2020 6e65 6172 7320 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 nears completi\n-00018ac0: 6f6e 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a20 2270 on. Example: \"p\n-00018ad0: 726f 6772 6573 735f 686c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 rogress_hl_*.png\n-00018ae0: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \".. \n-00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 If the va\n-00018b00: 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 lue is equal to \n-00018b10: 2262 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e \"bar_style\" then\n-00018b20: 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no. \n-00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 styled b\n-00018b40: 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f oxes will be sho\n-00018b50: 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 wn.. highlig\n-00018b60: 6874 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 4966 2074 6869 ht_overlayIf thi\n-00018b70: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n-00018b80: 746f 2022 7472 7565 2220 7468 656e 2074 to \"true\" then t\n-00018b90: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 highlight\n-00018bb0: 2062 6f78 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 6573 box side slices\n-00018bc0: 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 (every slice ex\n-00018bd0: 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cept. \n-00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e the cen\n-00018bf0: 7465 7220 736c 6963 6529 2077 696c 6c20 ter slice) will \n-00018c00: 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6672 616d overlay the fram\n-00018c10: 6520 626f 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e box. \n-00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 6465 2073 side s\n-00018c30: 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 6420 7468 6520 lices. And the \n-00018c40: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 center slice of \n-00018c50: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 highligh\n-00018c70: 7420 626f 7820 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 t box can move a\n-00018c80: 6c6c 2074 6865 2077 6179 2028 6672 6f6d ll the way (from\n-00018c90: 2074 6f70 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 top to. \n-00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 bott\n-00018cb0: 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 2064 7261 776e om), being drawn\n-00018cc0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 on the center s\n-00018cd0: 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 lice of the. \n+00018a70: 2020 2020 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2077 696c bar, and wil\n+00018a80: 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 7265 6173 6564 2069 l be increased i\n+00018a90: 6e20 7369 7a65 2061 7320 7468 6520 6261 n size as the ba\n+00018aa0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 6172 7320 636f 6d70 nears comp\n+00018ac0: 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 letion. Example\n+00018ad0: 3a20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 686c 5f2a : \"progress_hl_*\n+00018ae0: 2e70 6e67 222e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .png\".. \n+00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 If th\n+00018b00: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c e value is equal\n+00018b10: 2074 6f20 2262 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 to \"bar_style\" \n+00018b20: 7468 656e 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 then no. \n+00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7374 796c styl\n+00018b40: 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ed boxes will be\n+00018b50: 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 shown.. hig\n+00018b60: 686c 6967 6874 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 4966 hlight_overlayIf\n+00018b70: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n+00018b80: 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 2220 7468 set to \"true\" th\n+00018b90: 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 en the. \n+00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c highl\n+00018bb0: 6967 6874 2062 6f78 2073 6964 6520 736c ight box side sl\n+00018bc0: 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 ices (every slic\n+00018bd0: 6520 6578 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e except. \n+00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n+00018bf0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6529 2077 center slice) w\n+00018c00: 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 7468 6520 ill overlay the \n+00018c10: 6672 616d 6520 626f 780a 2020 2020 2020 frame box. \n+00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 si\n+00018c30: 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 6420 de slices. And \n+00018c40: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n+00018c50: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 6768 high\n+00018c70: 6c69 6768 7420 626f 7820 6361 6e20 6d6f light box can mo\n+00018c80: 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2077 6179 2028 ve all the way (\n+00018c90: 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 from top to. \n+00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018cb0: 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 2064 bottom), being d\n+00018cc0: 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 rawn on the cent\n+00018cd0: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a er slice of the.\n 00018ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018cf0: 6672 616d 6520 626f 782e 2020 5468 6174 frame box. That\n-00018d00: 2077 6179 2077 6520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 way we can make\n-00018d10: 2061 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 720a a progress bar.\n-00018d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018d30: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 with round-s\n-00018d40: 6861 7065 6420 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 haped edges so t\n-00018d50: 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 here won't be a \n-00018d60: 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 free. \n-00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 space f\n-00018d80: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 rom the highligh\n-00018d90: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2069 t to the frame i\n-00018da0: 6e20 746f 7020 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 n top and. \n-00018db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f bo\n-00018dc0: 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 ttom scrollbar p\n-00018dd0: 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 6175 ositions. Defau\n-00018de0: 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 lt is \"false\".. \n-00018df0: 2020 2020 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 font \n-00018e00: 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 The font to u\n-00018e10: 7365 2066 6f72 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 se for progress \n-00018e20: 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7465 7874 2020 bar.. text \n-00018e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 The tex\n-00018e40: 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 206f 6e20 t to display on \n-00018e50: 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 the progress bar\n-00018e60: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 . If the. \n-00018e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 pr\n-00018e80: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2773 2049 4420 ogress bar's ID \n-00018e90: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d is set to \"__tim\n-00018ea0: 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 eout__\" and. \n+00018cf0: 2020 2020 6672 616d 6520 626f 782e 2020 frame box. \n+00018d00: 5468 6174 2077 6179 2077 6520 6361 6e20 That way we can \n+00018d10: 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 make a progress \n+00018d20: 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bar. \n+00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2072 6f75 with rou\n+00018d40: 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 6420 6564 6765 7320 nd-shaped edges \n+00018d50: 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 so there won't b\n+00018d60: 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e a free. \n+00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 spa\n+00018d80: 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6869 6768 ce from the high\n+00018d90: 6c69 6768 7420 746f 2074 6865 2066 7261 light to the fra\n+00018da0: 6d65 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 640a 2020 me in top and. \n+00018db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018dc0: 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 bottom scrollb\n+00018dd0: 6172 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 ar positions. D\n+00018de0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 efault is \"false\n+00018df0: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6e74 2020 2020 \".. font \n+00018e00: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 The font \n+00018e10: 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2070 726f 6772 to use for progr\n+00018e20: 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7465 ess bar.. te\n+00018e30: 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 xt The\n+00018e40: 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 text to display\n+00018e50: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 on the progress\n+00018e60: 2062 6172 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 bar. If the. \n+00018e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018e80: 2020 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2773 progress bar's\n+00018e90: 2049 4420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 225f ID is set to \"_\n+00018ea0: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 640a _timeout__\" and.\n 00018eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ec0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 the value of thi\n-00018ed0: 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 s property is se\n-00018ee0: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t to. \n-00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f \"@TIMEO\n-00018f00: 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f UT_NOTIFICATION_\n-00018f10: 5348 4f52 5440 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 SHORT@\",. \n-00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 \"@T\n-00018f30: 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 IMEOUT_NOTIFICAT\n-00018f40: 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a ION_MIDDLE@\" or.\n-00018f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f60: 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f \"@TIMEOUT_NO\n-00018f70: 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e 4740 TIFICATION_LONG@\n-00018f80: 222c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c \", then GRUB wil\n-00018f90: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 7570 6461 7465 2074 6869 update thi\n-00018fb0: 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2077 6974 6820 s property with \n-00018fc0: 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d an informative m\n-00018fd0: 6573 7361 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 essage. \n-00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7320 7468 as th\n-00018ff0: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6170 7072 6f61 e timeout approa\n-00019000: 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6369 ches... ... ci\n-00019010: 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7320 rcular_progress \n-00019020: 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2063 6972 6375 Displays a circu\n-00019030: 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2069 6e64 lar progress ind\n-00019040: 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 icator. The. \n-00019050: 2020 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 appearance of \n-00019060: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 this component i\n-00019070: 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 2062 7920 s determined by \n-00019080: 7477 6f20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 7468 650a two images: the.\n-00019090: 2020 2020 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a20 696d *center* im\n-000190a0: 6167 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 2a74 6963 age and the *tic\n-000190b0: 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2063 k* image. The c\n-000190c0: 656e 7465 7220 696d 6167 6520 6973 2067 enter image is g\n-000190d0: 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 enerally. la\n-000190e0: 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 rger and will be\n-000190f0: 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 drawn in the ce\n-00019100: 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 nter of the comp\n-00019110: 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 0a20 onent. Around. \n-00019120: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 the circumfe\n-00019130: 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6972 636c rence of a circl\n-00019140: 6520 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d e within the com\n-00019150: 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 7469 636b ponent, the tick\n-00019160: 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c image. will\n-00019170: 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6120 6365 7274 be drawn a cert\n-00019180: 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 ain number of ti\n-00019190: 6d65 732c 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f mes, depending o\n-000191a0: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 726f 7065 n the. prope\n-000191b0: 7274 6965 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d rties of the com\n-000191c0: 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 ponent... Pr\n-000191d0: 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 operties:.. \n-000191e0: 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n-000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 225f Set to \"_\n-00019200: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f 2064 _timeout__\" to d\n-00019210: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d 650a isplay the time.\n-00019220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 6170 elap\n-00019240: 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 sed to an automa\n-00019250: 7469 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 tical boot of th\n-00019260: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n-00019280: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 fault entry.. \n-00019290: 2020 6365 6e74 6572 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 center_bitmap \n-000192a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 696c The fil\n-000192b0: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d e name of the im\n-000192c0: 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 7720 696e 2074 age to draw in t\n-000192d0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-000192f0: 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d enter of the com\n-00019300: 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6963 ponent.. tic\n-00019310: 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 2020 2020 k_bitmap \n-00019320: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d The file nam\n-00019330: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 e of the image t\n-00019340: 6f20 6472 6177 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 o draw for. \n+00018ec0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 the value of\n+00018ed0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 this property i\n+00018ee0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s set to. \n+00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 \"@T\n+00018f00: 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 IMEOUT_NOTIFICAT\n+00018f10: 494f 4e5f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 0a20 2020 ION_SHORT@\",. \n+00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018f30: 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIF\n+00018f40: 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 ICATION_MIDDLE@\"\n+00018f50: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 \"@TIMEOU\n+00018f70: 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4c T_NOTIFICATION_L\n+00018f80: 4f4e 4740 222c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 ONG@\", then GRUB\n+00018f90: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 will. \n+00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7570 6461 7465 update\n+00018fb0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2077 this property w\n+00018fc0: 6974 6820 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 ith an informati\n+00018fd0: 7665 206d 6573 7361 6765 0a20 2020 2020 ve message. \n+00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a\n+00018ff0: 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6170 s the timeout ap\n+00019000: 7072 6f61 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 proaches... ..\n+00019010: a220 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 . circular_progr\n+00019020: 6573 7320 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2063 ess Displays a c\n+00019030: 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 ircular progress\n+00019040: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 2054 6865 indicator. The\n+00019050: 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 . appearance\n+00019060: 206f 6620 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 of this compone\n+00019070: 6e74 2069 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 nt is determined\n+00019080: 2062 7920 7477 6f20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 by two images: \n+00019090: 7468 650a 2020 2020 202a 6365 6e74 6572 the. *center\n+000190a0: 2a20 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 * image and the \n+000190b0: 2a74 6963 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 *tick* image. T\n+000190c0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 696d 6167 6520 he center image \n+000190d0: 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 is generally. \n+000190e0: 2020 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2077 696c larger and wil\n+000190f0: 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 l be drawn in th\n+00019100: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 e center of the \n+00019110: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4172 6f75 component. Arou\n+00019120: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6369 7263 nd. the circ\n+00019130: 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2063 umference of a c\n+00019140: 6972 636c 6520 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 ircle within the\n+00019150: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 component, the \n+00019160: 7469 636b 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 tick image. \n+00019170: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6120 will be drawn a \n+00019180: 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f certain number o\n+00019190: 6620 7469 6d65 732c 2064 6570 656e 6469 f times, dependi\n+000191a0: 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 ng on the. p\n+000191b0: 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6f66 2074 6865 roperties of the\n+000191c0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 component... \n+000191d0: 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 Properties:.. \n+000191e0: 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n+000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 Set t\n+00019200: 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 o \"__timeout__\" \n+00019210: 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 to display the t\n+00019220: 696d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ime. \n+00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019240: 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 elapsed to an au\n+00019250: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 206f tomatical boot o\n+00019260: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n+00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019280: 2020 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e default entry.\n+00019290: 0a20 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 5f62 6974 . center_bit\n+000192a0: 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 map The\n+000192b0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 file name of th\n+000192c0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 7720 e image to draw \n+000192d0: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n+000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000192f0: 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 center of the\n+00019300: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 2020 2020 component.. \n+00019310: 2074 6963 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 tick_bitmap \n+00019320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 The file\n+00019330: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 name of the ima\n+00019340: 6765 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2066 6f72 0a20 ge to draw for. \n 00019350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 the tick \n-00019370: 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d5f marks.. num_\n-00019380: 7469 636b 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ticks \n-00019390: 2020 2054 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 The number of\n-000193a0: 2074 6963 6b73 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 ticks that make\n-000193b0: 2075 7020 6120 6675 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 up a full. \n+00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 the t\n+00019370: 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 2020 2020 ick marks.. \n+00019380: 6e75 6d5f 7469 636b 7320 2020 2020 2020 num_ticks \n+00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 756d 6265 The numbe\n+000193a0: 7220 6f66 2074 6963 6b73 2074 6861 7420 r of ticks that \n+000193b0: 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 6120 6675 6c6c 0a20 make up a full. \n 000193c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6972 636c 652e 0a20 circle.. \n-000193e0: 2020 2020 7469 636b 735f 6469 7361 7070 ticks_disapp\n-000193f0: 6561 7220 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 ear Boole\n-00019400: 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 an value indicat\n-00019410: 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 7220 7469 636b ing whether tick\n-00019420: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6172 mar\n-00019440: 6b73 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f67 7265 ks should progre\n-00019450: 7373 6976 656c 7920 6170 7065 6172 2c20 ssively appear, \n-00019460: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-00019480: 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 6c79 2064 6973 rogressively dis\n-00019490: 6170 7065 6172 2061 7320 2a76 616c 7565 appear as *value\n-000194a0: 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *. \n-000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 ap\n-000194c0: 7072 6f61 6368 6573 202a 656e 642a 2e20 proaches *end*. \n-000194d0: 2053 7065 6369 6679 2022 7472 7565 2220 Specify \"true\" \n-000194e0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00019500: 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 false\". Default\n-00019510: 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 is \"false\".. \n-00019520: 2020 7374 6172 745f 616e 676c 6520 2020 start_angle \n-00019530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6f73 The pos\n-00019540: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 ition of the fir\n-00019550: 7374 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 2074 6f0a st tick mark to.\n-00019560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 7065 appe\n-00019580: 6172 206f 7220 6469 7361 7070 6561 722e ar or disappear.\n-00019590: 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 Measured in. \n-000195a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6172 726f \"parro\n-000195c0: 7473 222c 2031 2022 7061 7272 6f74 2220 ts\", 1 \"parrot\" \n-000195d0: 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 3620 6f66 2074 6865 = 1 / 256 of the\n-000195e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 756c ful\n-00019600: 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 2e20 2055 7365 2076 l circle. Use v\n-00019610: 616c 7565 7320 2278 7878 2064 6567 2220 alues \"xxx deg\" \n-00019620: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00019640: 7878 7820 5c78 6332 5c78 6230 2220 746f xxx \\xc2\\xb0\" to\n-00019650: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 6e67 6c65 2069 set the angle i\n-00019660: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n-00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n-00019680: 6772 6565 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 grees... ... b\n-00019690: 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 2044 6973 706c 6179 oot_menu Display\n-000196a0: 7320 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 s the GRUB boot \n-000196b0: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 menu. It allows\n-000196c0: 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2069 7465 6d73 selecting items\n-000196d0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 . and execut\n-000196e0: 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ing them... \n-000196f0: 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 Properties:.. \n-00019700: 2020 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 item_font \n+000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6972 636c circl\n+000193e0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b 735f 6469 e.. ticks_di\n+000193f0: 7361 7070 6561 7220 2020 2020 2020 2042 sappear B\n+00019400: 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 oolean value ind\n+00019410: 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 7220 icating whether \n+00019420: 7469 636b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tick. \n+00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019440: 206d 6172 6b73 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 marks should pr\n+00019450: 6f67 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6170 7065 ogressively appe\n+00019460: 6172 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar, or. \n+00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019480: 2020 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 6c79 progressively\n+00019490: 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 2061 7320 2a76 disappear as *v\n+000194a0: 616c 7565 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alue*. \n+000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000194c0: 2020 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 202a 656e approaches *en\n+000194d0: 642a 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 2022 7472 d*. Specify \"tr\n+000194e0: 7565 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue\" or. \n+000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019500: 2020 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 2044 6566 \"false\". Def\n+00019510: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e ault is \"false\".\n+00019520: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6172 745f 616e 676c . start_angl\n+00019530: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 e The\n+00019540: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 position of the\n+00019550: 2066 6972 7374 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b first tick mark\n+00019560: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n+00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019580: 6170 7065 6172 206f 7220 6469 7361 7070 appear or disapp\n+00019590: 6561 722e 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2069 ear. Measured i\n+000195a0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 \"p\n+000195c0: 6172 726f 7473 222c 2031 2022 7061 7272 arrots\", 1 \"parr\n+000195d0: 6f74 2220 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 3620 6f66 ot\" = 1 / 256 of\n+000195e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019600: 2066 756c 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 2e20 2055 full circle. U\n+00019610: 7365 2076 616c 7565 7320 2278 7878 2064 se values \"xxx d\n+00019620: 6567 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 eg\" or. \n+00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019640: 2020 2022 7878 7820 5c78 6332 5c78 6230 \"xxx \\xc2\\xb0\n+00019650: 2220 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 6e67 \" to set the ang\n+00019660: 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le in. \n+00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019680: 2020 6465 6772 6565 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 degrees... .\n+00019690: 80a2 2062 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 2044 6973 .. boot_menu Dis\n+000196a0: 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 plays the GRUB b\n+000196b0: 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 7420 616c oot menu. It al\n+000196c0: 6c6f 7773 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2069 lows selecting i\n+000196d0: 7465 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 tems. and ex\n+000196e0: 6563 7574 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 ecuting them... \n+000196f0: 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a Properties:.\n+00019700: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 . item_font \n 00019710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019720: 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 The font to use \n-00019730: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 for the menu ite\n-00019740: 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. \n+00019720: 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 The font to \n+00019730: 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 use for the menu\n+00019740: 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 item. \n 00019750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019760: 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 titles.. \n-00019770: 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f selected_item_\n-00019780: 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 font \n-00019790: 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 The font to use \n-000197a0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 for the selected\n-000197b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 732e titles.\n+00019770: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 . selected_i\n+00019780: 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 tem_font \n+00019790: 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 The font to \n+000197a0: 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 use for the sele\n+000197b0: 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cted. \n 000197c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197d0: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f menu item, o\n-000197e0: 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 r \"inherit\" (the\n-000197f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 menu ite\n+000197e0: 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 m, or \"inherit\" \n+000197f0: 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (the. \n 00019800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019810: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 default) to \n-00019820: 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2220 use \"item_font\" \n-00019830: 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 for. \n+00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 default)\n+00019820: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 666f to use \"item_fo\n+00019830: 6e74 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nt\" for. \n 00019840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 the selec\n-00019860: 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6173 ted menu item as\n-00019870: 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d well.. item\n-00019880: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _color \n-00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f The co\n-000198a0: 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 lor to use for t\n-000198b0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 2020 he menu item. \n-000198c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 the s\n+00019860: 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 elected menu ite\n+00019870: 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 m as well.. \n+00019880: 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 item_color \n+00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n+000198a0: 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 7365 2066 e color to use f\n+000198b0: 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d or the menu item\n+000198c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 000198d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198e0: 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c titles.. sel\n-000198f0: 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 ected_item_color\n-00019900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 The c\n-00019910: 6f6c 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 olor to use for \n-00019920: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 the selected. \n-00019930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000198e0: 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 titles.. \n+000198f0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f63 selected_item_c\n+00019900: 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 olor T\n+00019910: 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 he color to use \n+00019920: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 for the selected\n+00019930: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019950: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 menu item, or \"i\n-00019960: 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 nherit\" (the. \n-00019970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019950: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f menu item, o\n+00019960: 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 r \"inherit\" (the\n+00019970: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019990: 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 default) to use \n-000199a0: 2269 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7222 2066 6f72 \"item_color\" for\n-000199b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019990: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 default) to \n+000199a0: 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7222 use \"item_color\"\n+000199b0: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 for. \n 000199c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000199d0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 the selected\n-000199e0: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 menu item as we\n-000199f0: 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 7769 ll.. icon_wi\n-00019a00: 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth \n-00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 The width\n-00019a20: 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 of menu item ic\n-00019a30: 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ons.. \n+000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 6c65 the sele\n+000199e0: 6374 6564 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2061 cted menu item a\n+000199f0: 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 636f s well.. ico\n+00019a00: 6e5f 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 n_width \n+00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 The w\n+00019a20: 6964 7468 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 idth of menu ite\n+00019a30: 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 m icons.. \n 00019a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4963 6f6e 7320 6172 Icons ar\n-00019a60: 6520 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e scaled to the \n-00019a70: 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 2020 specified. \n+00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4963 6f6e Icon\n+00019a60: 7320 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 s are scaled to \n+00019a70: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 2020 the specified. \n 00019a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 697a siz\n-00019aa0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f68 6569 e.. icon_hei\n-00019ab0: 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ght \n-00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 The height\n-00019ad0: 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 of menu item ic\n-00019ae0: 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f68 ons.. item_h\n-00019af0: 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eight \n-00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 The heig\n-00019b10: 6874 206f 6620 6561 6368 206d 656e 7520 ht of each menu \n-00019b20: 6974 656d 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 item in. \n+00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019aa0: 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2020 6963 6f6e size.. icon\n+00019ab0: 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 _height \n+00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 The he\n+00019ad0: 6967 6874 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 ight of menu ite\n+00019ae0: 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 m icons.. it\n+00019af0: 656d 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 em_height \n+00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+00019b10: 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6561 6368 206d height of each m\n+00019b20: 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 enu item in. \n 00019b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c pixel\n-00019b50: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f70 6164 s.. item_pad\n-00019b60: 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding \n-00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 The amount\n-00019b80: 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 696e 2070 6978 of space in pix\n-00019b90: 656c 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 els to. \n+00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+00019b50: 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d ixels.. item\n+00019b60: 5f70 6164 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 _padding \n+00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d The am\n+00019b80: 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 696e ount of space in\n+00019b90: 2070 6978 656c 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 pixels to. \n 00019ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6176 6520 leave \n-00019bc0: 6f6e 2065 6163 6820 7369 6465 206f 6620 on each side of \n-00019bd0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 2020 the menu. \n+00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 le\n+00019bc0: 6176 6520 6f6e 2065 6163 6820 7369 6465 ave on each side\n+00019bd0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 of the menu. \n 00019be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 656d item\n-00019c00: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 2020 contents.. \n-00019c10: 6974 656d 5f69 636f 6e5f 7370 6163 6520 item_icon_space \n-00019c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n-00019c30: 6520 7370 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 e space between \n-00019c40: 616e 2069 7465 6d27 7320 6963 6f6e 0a20 an item's icon. \n-00019c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019c00: 6974 656d 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 732e 0a20 item contents.. \n+00019c10: 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f69 636f 6e5f 7370 item_icon_sp\n+00019c20: 6163 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ace \n+00019c30: 2020 5468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6265 7477 The space betw\n+00019c40: 6565 6e20 616e 2069 7465 6d27 7320 6963 een an item's ic\n+00019c50: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 on. \n 00019c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c70: 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 and the title \n-00019c80: 7465 7874 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e text, in pixels.\n-00019c90: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f73 7061 6369 . item_spaci\n-00019ca0: 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng \n-00019cb0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f The amount o\n-00019cc0: 6620 7370 6163 6520 746f 206c 6561 7665 f space to leave\n-00019cd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 7469 and the ti\n+00019c80: 746c 6520 7465 7874 2c20 696e 2070 6978 tle text, in pix\n+00019c90: 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f73 els.. item_s\n+00019ca0: 7061 6369 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pacing \n+00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 The amou\n+00019cc0: 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 746f 206c nt of space to l\n+00019cd0: 6561 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eave. \n 00019ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019cf0: 2020 2020 6265 7477 6565 6e20 6d65 6e75 between menu\n-00019d00: 2069 7465 6d73 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c items, in pixel\n-00019d10: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 5f70 6978 s.. menu_pix\n-00019d20: 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 2020 2020 map_style \n-00019d30: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 The image \n-00019d40: 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 file pattern for\n-00019d50: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00019cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 7477 6565 6e20 between \n+00019d00: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d73 2c20 696e 2070 menu items, in p\n+00019d10: 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 ixels.. menu\n+00019d20: 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 _pixmap_style \n+00019d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d The im\n+00019d40: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e age file pattern\n+00019d50: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n 00019d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2066 7261 menu fra\n-00019d80: 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 782e 2020 me styled box. \n-00019d90: 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Example:. \n+00019d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 menu\n+00019d80: 2066 7261 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f frame styled bo\n+00019d90: 782e 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 x. Example:. \n 00019da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226d 656e \"men\n-00019dc0: 755f 2a2e 706e 6722 2028 7468 6973 2077 u_*.png\" (this w\n-00019dd0: 696c 6c20 7573 6520 696d 6167 6573 0a20 ill use images. \n-00019de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019dc0: 226d 656e 755f 2a2e 706e 6722 2028 7468 \"menu_*.png\" (th\n+00019dd0: 6973 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 696d 6167 is will use imag\n+00019de0: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es. \n 00019df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e00: 2020 7375 6368 2061 7320 226d 656e 755f such as \"menu_\n-00019e10: 632e 706e 6722 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 c.png\",. \n+00019e00: 2020 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 7320 226d such as \"m\n+00019e10: 656e 755f 632e 706e 6722 2c0a 2020 2020 enu_c.png\",. \n 00019e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 \"menu\n-00019e40: 5f77 2e70 6e67 222c 2027 6d65 6e75 5f6e _w.png\", 'menu_n\n-00019e50: 772e 706e 6722 2c20 6574 632e 290a 2020 w.png\", etc.). \n-00019e60: 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 item_pixmap_s\n-00019e70: 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tyle \n-00019e80: 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 The image file \n-00019e90: 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a pattern for the.\n-00019ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+00019e40: 6d65 6e75 5f77 2e70 6e67 222c 2027 6d65 menu_w.png\", 'me\n+00019e50: 6e75 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2c20 6574 632e nu_nw.png\", etc.\n+00019e60: 290a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7069 786d ). item_pixm\n+00019e70: 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 ap_style \n+00019e80: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 The image f\n+00019e90: 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 ile pattern for \n+00019ea0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 00019eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ec0: 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7374 796c 6564 2062 item styled b\n-00019ed0: 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 ox.. selecte\n-00019ee0: 645f 6974 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 d_item_pixmap_st\n-00019ef0: 796c 6520 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 yle The image\n-00019f00: 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f file pattern fo\n-00019f10: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r the. \n+00019ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7374 796c item styl\n+00019ed0: 6564 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c ed box.. sel\n+00019ee0: 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 ected_item_pixma\n+00019ef0: 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 2054 6865 2069 p_style The i\n+00019f00: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 mage file patter\n+00019f10: 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 n for the. \n 00019f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 selecte\n-00019f40: 6420 6974 656d 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 d item highlight\n-00019f50: 2073 7479 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 styled. \n+00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 656c sel\n+00019f40: 6563 7465 6420 6974 656d 2068 6967 686c ected item highl\n+00019f50: 6967 6874 2073 7479 6c65 640a 2020 2020 ight styled. \n 00019f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f78 2e0a box..\n-00019f80: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2020 scrollbar \n-00019f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019fa0: 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 Boolean value\n-00019fb0: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 indicating whet\n-00019fc0: 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 her. \n+00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n+00019f80: 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 ox.. scrollb\n+00019f90: 6172 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar \n+00019fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 Boolean v\n+00019fb0: 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 alue indicating \n+00019fc0: 7768 6574 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 whether. \n 00019fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c the scrol\n-00019ff0: 6c20 6261 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 l bar should be \n-0001a000: 6472 6177 6e20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 drawn if. \n+00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 the s\n+00019ff0: 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 croll bar should\n+0001a000: 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6966 0a20 2020 be drawn if. \n 0001a010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 the \n-0001a030: 6672 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 756d 6220 frame and thumb \n-0001a040: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 0a20 2020 styled boxes. \n-0001a050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a030: 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 the frame and th\n+0001a040: 756d 6220 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 umb styled boxes\n+0001a050: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a070: 6172 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2e0a are configured..\n-0001a080: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f66 scrollbar_f\n-0001a090: 7261 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rame \n-0001a0a0: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c The image fil\n-0001a0b0: 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 e pattern for th\n-0001a0c0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0001a070: 2020 2020 6172 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 are configur\n+0001a080: 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 ed.. scrollb\n+0001a090: 6172 5f66 7261 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar_frame \n+0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 The image\n+0001a0b0: 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f file pattern fo\n+0001a0c0: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r the. \n 0001a0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 726f entire scro\n-0001a0f0: 6c6c 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 ll bar. Example\n-0001a100: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n+0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6972 6520 entire \n+0001a0f0: 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 scroll bar. Exa\n+0001a100: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:. \n 0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a120: 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f \"scrollbar_\n-0001a130: 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f *.png\". scro\n-0001a140: 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 2020 2020 llbar_thumb \n-0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d The im\n-0001a160: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e age file pattern\n-0001a170: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n+0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c \"scroll\n+0001a130: 6261 725f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 bar_*.png\". \n+0001a140: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 scrollbar_thumb \n+0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n+0001a160: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 e image file pat\n+0001a170: 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 tern for the. \n 0001a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n-0001a1a0: 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6875 6d62 2028 7468 ll bar thumb (th\n-0001a1b0: 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 e part of the. \n-0001a1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a1a0: 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6875 6d62 scroll bar thumb\n+0001a1b0: 2028 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 (the part of th\n+0001a1c0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 0001a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1e0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7468 6174 scroll bar that\n-0001a1f0: 206d 6f76 6573 2061 7320 7363 726f 6c6c moves as scroll\n-0001a200: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing. \n+0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 scroll bar \n+0001a1f0: 7468 6174 206d 6f76 6573 2061 7320 7363 that moves as sc\n+0001a200: 726f 6c6c 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rolling. \n 0001a210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 206f 6363 7572 7329 2e20 occurs). \n-0001a230: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 Example:. \n+0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6363 7572 occur\n+0001a230: 7329 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 s). Example:. \n 0001a240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 \"sc\n-0001a260: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 2a2e rollbar_thumb_*.\n-0001a270: 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c png\". scroll\n-0001a280: 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 6f76 6572 6c61 bar_thumb_overla\n-0001a290: 7920 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 y If this \n-0001a2a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f option is set to\n-0001a2b0: 2022 7472 7565 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 \"true\". \n+0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a260: 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d \"scrollbar_thum\n+0001a270: 625f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 b_*.png\". sc\n+0001a280: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 6f76 rollbar_thumb_ov\n+0001a290: 6572 6c61 7920 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 erlay If t\n+0001a2a0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n+0001a2b0: 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 220a 2020 2020 t to \"true\". \n 0001a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 then \n-0001a2e0: 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7468 the scrollbar th\n-0001a2f0: 756d 6220 7369 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 umb side. \n+0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+0001a2e0: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 hen the scrollba\n+0001a2f0: 7220 7468 756d 6220 7369 6465 0a20 2020 r thumb side. \n 0001a300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6963 slic\n-0001a320: 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 es (every slice \n-0001a330: 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 except the. \n+0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a320: 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c slices (every sl\n+0001a330: 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 0a20 ice except the. \n 0001a340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 ce\n-0001a360: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c nter slice) will\n-0001a370: 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 overlay the. \n-0001a380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a360: 2020 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 center slice) \n+0001a370: 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 will overlay the\n+0001a380: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3a0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 616d 6520 scrollbar frame \n-0001a3b0: 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e side slices. An\n-0001a3c0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+0001a3a0: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 scrollbar fr\n+0001a3b0: 616d 6520 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e ame side slices.\n+0001a3c0: 2020 416e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 And. \n 0001a3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 the center \n-0001a3f0: 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 slice of the. \n-0001a400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e the cen\n+0001a3f0: 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 ter slice of the\n+0001a400: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a420: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 scrollbar_thumb \n-0001a430: 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 can move all the\n-0001a440: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a420: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 scrollbar_th\n+0001a430: 756d 6220 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c umb can move all\n+0001a440: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a460: 2020 2020 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 746f way (from to\n-0001a470: 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 p to bottom), be\n-0001a480: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing. \n+0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7761 7920 2866 726f way (fro\n+0001a470: 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 m top to bottom)\n+0001a480: 2c20 6265 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 , being. \n 0001a490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 drawn on \n-0001a4b0: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n-0001a4c0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e drawn\n+0001a4b0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 on the center s\n+0001a4c0: 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 lice of the. \n 0001a4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c scrol\n-0001a4f0: 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 2e20 2054 6861 lbar frame. Tha\n-0001a500: 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 t way we can. \n-0001a510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+0001a4f0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 2e20 crollbar frame. \n+0001a500: 2054 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e That way we can\n+0001a510: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a530: 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 make a scrollbar\n-0001a540: 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d 7368 6170 with round-shap\n-0001a550: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n+0001a530: 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 6372 6f6c make a scrol\n+0001a540: 6c62 6172 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d lbar with round-\n+0001a550: 7368 6170 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 shaped. \n 0001a560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 edges so t\n-0001a580: 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 here won't be a \n-0001a590: 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 free. \n+0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 7320 edges \n+0001a580: 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 so there won't b\n+0001a590: 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e a free. \n 0001a5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 space fr\n-0001a5c0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6875 6d62 2074 6f20 om the thumb to \n-0001a5d0: 7468 6520 6672 616d 650a 2020 2020 2020 the frame. \n+0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 spac\n+0001a5c0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6875 6d62 e from the thumb\n+0001a5d0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d 650a 2020 to the frame. \n 0001a5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 in \n-0001a600: 746f 7020 616e 6420 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 top and bottom s\n-0001a610: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 crollbar. \n+0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a600: 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 6420 626f 7474 in top and bott\n+0001a610: 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 om scrollbar. \n 0001a620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 7369 posi\n-0001a640: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 tions. Default \n-0001a650: 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 is \"false\".. \n-0001a660: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 scrollbar_slice\n-0001a670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n-0001a680: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6672 616d 6520 7374 he menu frame st\n-0001a690: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2773 2073 6c69 6365 yled box's slice\n-0001a6a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a640: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 positions. Defa\n+0001a650: 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a ult is \"false\"..\n+0001a660: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 scrollbar_s\n+0001a670: 6c69 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lice \n+0001a680: 2020 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6672 616d The menu fram\n+0001a690: 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2773 2073 e styled box's s\n+0001a6a0: 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lice. \n 0001a6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a6c0: 2020 2020 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 in which the\n-0001a6d0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 scrollbar will \n-0001a6e0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n+0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2077 6869 6368 in which\n+0001a6d0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 the scrollbar w\n+0001a6e0: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill be. \n 0001a6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e2e 2020 506f drawn. Po\n-0001a710: 7373 6962 6c65 2076 616c 7565 7320 6172 ssible values ar\n-0001a720: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e2e drawn.\n+0001a710: 2020 506f 7373 6962 6c65 2076 616c 7565 Possible value\n+0001a720: 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s are. \n 0001a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a740: 2020 2020 2022 7765 7374 222c 2022 6365 \"west\", \"ce\n-0001a750: 6e74 6572 222c 2022 6561 7374 220a 2020 nter\", \"east\". \n-0001a760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7765 7374 222c \"west\",\n+0001a750: 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 6561 7374 \"center\", \"east\n+0001a760: 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \". \n 0001a770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a780: 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 2e20 2022 7765 (default). \"we\n-0001a790: 7374 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c st\" - the scroll\n-0001a7a0: 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bar. \n+0001a780: 2020 2020 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 2e20 (default). \n+0001a790: 2022 7765 7374 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 \"west\" - the sc\n+0001a7a0: 726f 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rollbar. \n 0001a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 will be d\n-0001a7d0: 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7765 7374 rawn in the west\n-0001a7e0: 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice. \n+0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 will \n+0001a7d0: 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 be drawn in the \n+0001a7e0: 7765 7374 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 west slice. \n 0001a7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2872 6967 6874 (right\n-0001a810: 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 2020 2265 6173 -aligned). \"eas\n-0001a820: 7422 202d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t\" - the. \n+0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2872 (r\n+0001a810: 6967 6874 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 2020 ight-aligned). \n+0001a820: 2265 6173 7422 202d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 \"east\" - the. \n 0001a830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n-0001a850: 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 llbar will be dr\n-0001a860: 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 awn in the. \n+0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a850: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 scrollbar will b\n+0001a860: 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 e drawn in the. \n 0001a870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6561 ea\n-0001a890: 7374 2073 6c69 6365 2028 6c65 6674 2d61 st slice (left-a\n-0001a8a0: 6c69 676e 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ligned).. \n+0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a890: 2020 6561 7374 2073 6c69 6365 2028 6c65 east slice (le\n+0001a8a0: 6674 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 0a20 2020 ft-aligned).. \n 0001a8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e \"cen\n-0001a8d0: 7465 7222 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c ter\" - the scrol\n-0001a8e0: 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 lbar will be. \n-0001a8f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a8d0: 2263 656e 7465 7222 202d 2074 6865 2073 \"center\" - the s\n+0001a8e0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 crollbar will be\n+0001a8f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a910: 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e drawn in the cen\n-0001a920: 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 ter slice. Note\n-0001a930: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n+0001a910: 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 drawn in the\n+0001a920: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 2020 center slice. \n+0001a930: 4e6f 7465 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Note:. \n 0001a940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a950: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 in case of \n-0001a960: 2263 656e 7465 7222 2073 6c69 6365 3a20 \"center\" slice: \n-0001a970: 6129 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 a) If. \n+0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6361 7365 in case\n+0001a960: 206f 6620 2263 656e 7465 7222 2073 6c69 of \"center\" sli\n+0001a970: 6365 3a20 6129 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 ce: a) If. \n 0001a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 the scr\n-0001a9a0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 ollbar should be\n-0001a9b0: 2064 7261 776e 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 drawn then. \n+0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n+0001a9a0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 686f 756c scrollbar shoul\n+0001a9b0: 6420 6265 2064 7261 776e 2074 6865 6e0a d be drawn then.\n 0001a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n-0001a9e0: 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2773 oot menu entry's\n-0001a9f0: 2077 6964 7468 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 width is. \n+0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a9e0: 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 boot menu ent\n+0001a9f0: 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 2069 730a 2020 ry's width is. \n 0001aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6563 dec\n-0001aa20: 7265 6173 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7363 reased by the sc\n-0001aa30: 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 7320 7769 6474 680a rollbar's width.\n-0001aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aa20: 2064 6563 7265 6173 6564 2062 7920 7468 decreased by th\n+0001aa30: 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 7320 7769 e scrollbar's wi\n+0001aa40: 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth. \n 0001aa50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa60: 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c and the scrol\n-0001aa70: 6c62 6172 2069 7320 6472 6177 6e20 6174 lbar is drawn at\n-0001aa80: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 and the s\n+0001aa70: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2069 7320 6472 6177 crollbar is draw\n+0001aa80: 6e20 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 n at the. \n 0001aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 7369 right si\n-0001aab0: 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 de of the center\n-0001aac0: 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice.. \n+0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7269 6768 righ\n+0001aab0: 7420 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6365 t side of the ce\n+0001aac0: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 nter slice.. \n 0001aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 2920 4966 b) If\n-0001aaf0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 the scrollbar w\n-0001ab00: 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e0a 2020 on't be drawn. \n-0001ab10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n+0001aaf0: 2920 4966 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 ) If the scrollb\n+0001ab00: 6172 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6472 6177 ar won't be draw\n+0001ab10: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n 0001ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab30: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d then the boot m\n-0001ab40: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 6474 enu entry's widt\n-0001ab50: 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n+0001ab30: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 626f then the bo\n+0001ab40: 6f74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 ot menu entry's \n+0001ab50: 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 width. \n 0001ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab70: 2020 2020 2069 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 is the widt\n-0001ab80: 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 h of the center \n-0001ab90: 736c 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice.. \n+0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7320 7468 6520 is the \n+0001ab80: 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e width of the cen\n+0001ab90: 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 ter slice.. \n 0001aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6329 2057 6520 c) We \n-0001abc0: 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 don't necessary \n-0001abd0: 6e65 6564 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 need the. \n+0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6329 c)\n+0001abc0: 2057 6520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6365 7373 We don't necess\n+0001abd0: 6172 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ary need the. \n 0001abe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 menu\n-0001ac00: 2070 6978 6d61 7020 626f 7820 746f 2064 pixmap box to d\n-0001ac10: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 isplay the. \n+0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ac00: 6d65 6e75 2070 6978 6d61 7020 626f 7820 menu pixmap box \n+0001ac10: 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 to display the. \n 0001ac20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n-0001ac40: 726f 6c6c 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 rollbar.. sc\n-0001ac50: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6c65 6674 5f70 6164 rollbar_left_pad\n-0001ac60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-0001ac70: 6c65 6674 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 left scrollbar p\n-0001ac80: 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 adding in. \n+0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ac40: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 722e 0a20 2020 scrollbar.. \n+0001ac50: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6c65 6674 scrollbar_left\n+0001ac60: 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _pad \n+0001ac70: 5468 6520 6c65 6674 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 The left scrollb\n+0001ac80: 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 ar padding in. \n 0001ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n-0001acb0: 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a els. Unused if.\n-0001acc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001acb0: 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 pixels. Unused\n+0001acc0: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n 0001acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ace0: 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c \"scrollbar_sl\n-0001acf0: 6963 6522 2069 7320 2277 6573 7422 2e0a ice\" is \"west\"..\n-0001ad00: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f72 scrollbar_r\n-0001ad10: 6967 6874 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 ight_pad \n-0001ad20: 2020 2054 6865 2072 6967 6874 2073 6372 The right scr\n-0001ad30: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 ollbar padding i\n-0001ad40: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \"scrollba\n+0001acf0: 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2277 6573 r_slice\" is \"wes\n+0001ad00: 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 t\".. scrollb\n+0001ad10: 6172 5f72 6967 6874 5f70 6164 2020 2020 ar_right_pad \n+0001ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6967 6874 The right\n+0001ad30: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 scrollbar paddi\n+0001ad40: 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng in. \n 0001ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad60: 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e pixels. Un\n-0001ad70: 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 used if. \n+0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e pixels.\n+0001ad70: 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 Unused if. \n 0001ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f \"scro\n-0001ada0: 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 llbar_slice\" is \n-0001adb0: 2265 6173 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 \"east\".. scr\n-0001adc0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6f70 5f70 6164 2020 ollbar_top_pad \n-0001add0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 The t\n-0001ade0: 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 op scrollbar pad\n-0001adf0: 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding in. \n+0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+0001ada0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 scrollbar_slice\"\n+0001adb0: 2069 7320 2265 6173 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 is \"east\".. \n+0001adc0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6f70 5f70 scrollbar_top_p\n+0001add0: 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 ad T\n+0001ade0: 6865 2074 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 he top scrollbar\n+0001adf0: 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 padding in. \n 0001ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c pixel\n-0001ae20: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 s.. scrollba\n-0001ae30: 725f 626f 7474 6f6d 5f70 6164 2020 2020 r_bottom_pad \n-0001ae40: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 7474 6f6d The bottom\n-0001ae50: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 scrollbar paddi\n-0001ae60: 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng in. \n+0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+0001ae20: 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f ixels.. scro\n+0001ae30: 6c6c 6261 725f 626f 7474 6f6d 5f70 6164 llbar_bottom_pad\n+0001ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f The bo\n+0001ae50: 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 ttom scrollbar p\n+0001ae60: 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 adding in. \n 0001ae70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e pixels.\n-0001ae90: 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 . visible \n-0001aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aeb0: 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 6661 6c73 Set to \"fals\n-0001aec0: 6522 2074 6f20 6869 6465 2074 6865 2062 e\" to hide the b\n-0001aed0: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot. \n+0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n+0001ae90: 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c els.. visibl\n+0001aea0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n+0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 Set to \"\n+0001aec0: 6661 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 6869 6465 2074 false\" to hide t\n+0001aed0: 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 he boot. \n 0001aee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 menu... \n-0001af00: 20e2 80a2 2063 616e 7661 7320 4361 6e76 ... canvas Canv\n-0001af10: 6173 2069 7320 6120 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 as is a containe\n-0001af20: 7220 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d61 r that allows ma\n-0001af30: 6e75 616c 2070 6c61 6365 6d65 6e74 206f nual placement o\n-0001af40: 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 f. component\n-0001af50: 7320 7769 7468 696e 2069 742e 2020 4974 s within it. It\n-0001af60: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 does not alter \n-0001af70: 7468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 the positions of\n-0001af80: 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 its child. \n-0001af90: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 2049 7420 components. It \n-0001afa0: 6173 7369 676e 7320 616c 6c20 6368 696c assigns all chil\n-0001afb0: 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6865 d components the\n-0001afc0: 6972 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2073 697a ir preferred siz\n-0001afd0: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6862 6f78 es... ... hbox\n-0001afe0: 2054 6865 202a 6862 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 The *hbox* cont\n-0001aff0: 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 ainer lays out i\n-0001b000: 7473 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d ts children from\n-0001b010: 206c 6566 7420 746f 2072 6967 6874 2c0a left to right,.\n-0001b020: 2020 2020 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 giving each\n-0001b030: 206f 6e65 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 one its preferr\n-0001b040: 6564 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2054 6865 2068 ed width. The h\n-0001b050: 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6368 eight of each ch\n-0001b060: 696c 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 ild is. set \n-0001b070: 746f 2074 6865 206d 6178 696d 756d 206f to the maximum o\n-0001b080: 6620 7468 6520 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 f the preferred \n-0001b090: 6865 6967 6874 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 heights of all c\n-0001b0a0: 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 hildren... ...\n-0001b0b0: 2076 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a76 626f 782a vbox The *vbox*\n-0001b0c0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c 6179 7320 container lays \n-0001b0d0: 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c 6472 656e out its children\n-0001b0e0: 2066 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 from top to bot\n-0001b0f0: 746f 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7669 6e67 tom,. giving\n-0001b100: 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 7320 7072 each one its pr\n-0001b110: 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 2e20 eferred height. \n-0001b120: 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 6561 The width of ea\n-0001b130: 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a 2020 2020 ch child is. \n-0001b140: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 7869 set to the maxi\n-0001b150: 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 7265 6665 mum of the prefe\n-0001b160: 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 7320 6f66 2061 rred widths of a\n-0001b170: 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 372e ll children...7.\n-0001b180: 332e 3620 436f 6d6d 6f6e 2070 726f 7065 3.6 Common prope\n-0001b190: 7274 6965 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rties.----------\n-0001b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n-0001b1b0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2070 726f he following pro\n-0001b1c0: 7065 7274 6965 7320 6172 6520 7375 7070 perties are supp\n-0001b1d0: 6f72 7465 6420 6279 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d orted by all com\n-0001b1e0: 706f 6e65 6e74 733a 0ae2 8098 6c65 6674 ponents:....left\n-0001b1f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6973 .... The dis\n-0001b200: 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206c tance from the l\n-0001b210: 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 6620 636f eft border of co\n-0001b220: 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f 206c 6566 7420 ntainer to left \n-0001b230: 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 border of. t\n-0001b240: 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2065 6974 he object in eit\n-0001b250: 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6872 6565 2066 6f72 her of three for\n-0001b260: 6d61 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2078 2020 2020 mats:. x \n-0001b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5661 6c75 6520 Value \n-0001b280: 696e 2070 6978 656c 730a 2020 2020 2070 in pixels. p\n-0001b290: 2520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 % Pe\n-0001b2a0: 7263 656e 7461 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7025 rcentage. p%\n-0001b2b0: 2b78 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6978 +x mix\n-0001b2c0: 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 ture of both....\n-0001b2d0: 746f 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 top.... The \n-0001b2e0: 6469 7374 616e 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 distance from th\n-0001b2f0: 6520 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 e left border of\n-0001b300: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6f20 6c65 container to le\n-0001b310: 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 ft border of. \n-0001b320: 2020 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 the object in \n-0001b330: 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 same format.....\n-0001b340: 7769 6474 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 width.... Th\n-0001b350: 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 206f 626a 6563 e width of objec\n-0001b360: 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 t in same format\n-0001b370: 2e0a e280 9868 6569 6768 74e2 8099 0a20 .....height.... \n-0001b380: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f The height o\n-0001b390: 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 f object in same\n-0001b3a0: 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 6964 e280 format.....id..\n-0001b3b0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6465 6e74 .. The ident\n-0001b3c0: 6966 6965 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f ifier for the co\n-0001b3d0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 5468 6973 2063 mponent. This c\n-0001b3e0: 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 6172 6269 7472 an be any arbitr\n-0001b3f0: 6172 790a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e 672e ary. string.\n-0001b400: 2020 5468 6520 4944 2063 616e 2062 6520 The ID can be \n-0001b410: 7573 6564 2062 7920 7363 7269 7074 7320 used by scripts \n-0001b420: 746f 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7661 7269 to refer to vari\n-0001b430: 6f75 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ous. compone\n-0001b440: 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2047 5549 2063 nts in the GUI c\n-0001b450: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 652e 2020 omponent tree. \n-0001b460: 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 2074 6865 7265 Currently, there\n-0001b470: 2069 7320 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 is one. spe\n-0001b480: 6369 616c 2049 4420 7661 6c75 6520 7468 cial ID value th\n-0001b490: 6174 2047 5255 4220 7265 636f 676e 697a at GRUB recogniz\n-0001b4a0: 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 225f 5f74 696d es:.. \"__tim\n-0001b4b0: 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 eout__\" Compone\n-0001b4c0: 6e74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 2049 4420 nt with this ID \n-0001b4d0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7570 6461 7465 6420 will be updated \n-0001b4e0: 6279 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2020 2020 by GRUB. \n-0001b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 and \n-0001b500: 7769 6c6c 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 7469 will indicate ti\n-0001b510: 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2074 6f20 616e me elapsed to an\n-0001b520: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 0a20 2020 automatical. \n-0001b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001b540: 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 boot of the def\n-0001b550: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 6666 ault entry. Aff\n-0001b560: 6563 7465 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 ected components\n-0001b570: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n-0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 226c 6162 656c 222c 2022 \"label\", \"\n-0001b590: 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 circular_progres\n-0001b5a0: 7322 2c20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 s\", \"progress_ba\n-0001b5b0: 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 r\".....File: gru\n-0001b5c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e b.info, Node: N\n-0001b5d0: 6574 776f 726b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 etwork, Next: S\n-0001b5e0: 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 erial terminal, \n-0001b5f0: 2050 7265 763a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c Prev: Theme fil\n-0001b600: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2054 e format, Up: T\n-0001b610: 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 op..8 Booting GR\n-0001b620: 5542 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6e65 7477 UB from the netw\n-0001b630: 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ork.************\n+0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 752e menu.\n+0001af00: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 616e 7661 7320 .. ... canvas \n+0001af10: 4361 6e76 6173 2069 7320 6120 636f 6e74 Canvas is a cont\n+0001af20: 6169 6e65 7220 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 6f77 ainer that allow\n+0001af30: 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2070 6c61 6365 6d65 s manual placeme\n+0001af40: 6e74 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f nt of. compo\n+0001af50: 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 7468 696e 2069 742e nents within it.\n+0001af60: 2020 4974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c It does not al\n+0001af70: 7465 7220 7468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e ter the position\n+0001af80: 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 0a20 s of its child. \n+0001af90: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 components. \n+0001afa0: 2049 7420 6173 7369 676e 7320 616c 6c20 It assigns all \n+0001afb0: 6368 696c 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 child components\n+0001afc0: 2074 6865 6972 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 their preferred\n+0001afd0: 2073 697a 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 sizes... ... \n+0001afe0: 6862 6f78 2054 6865 202a 6862 6f78 2a20 hbox The *hbox* \n+0001aff0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 206f container lays o\n+0001b000: 7574 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 ut its children \n+0001b010: 6672 6f6d 206c 6566 7420 746f 2072 6967 from left to rig\n+0001b020: 6874 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 6976 696e 6720 ht,. giving \n+0001b030: 6561 6368 206f 6e65 2069 7473 2070 7265 each one its pre\n+0001b040: 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2054 ferred width. T\n+0001b050: 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2065 6163 he height of eac\n+0001b060: 6820 6368 696c 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 h child is. \n+0001b070: 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6178 696d set to the maxim\n+0001b080: 756d 206f 6620 7468 6520 7072 6566 6572 um of the prefer\n+0001b090: 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 7320 6f66 2061 red heights of a\n+0001b0a0: 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 2020 ll children... \n+0001b0b0: 20e2 80a2 2076 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a76 ... vbox The *v\n+0001b0c0: 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c box* container l\n+0001b0d0: 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c ays out its chil\n+0001b0e0: 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f dren from top to\n+0001b0f0: 2062 6f74 746f 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 bottom,. gi\n+0001b100: 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 ving each one it\n+0001b110: 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 s preferred heig\n+0001b120: 6874 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f ht. The width o\n+0001b130: 6620 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a f each child is.\n+0001b140: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 set to the \n+0001b150: 6d61 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 maximum of the p\n+0001b160: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 7320 referred widths \n+0001b170: 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e of all children.\n+0001b180: 0a0a 372e 332e 3620 436f 6d6d 6f6e 2070 ..7.3.6 Common p\n+0001b190: 726f 7065 7274 6965 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d roperties.------\n+0001b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0001b1b0: 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 -..The following\n+0001b1c0: 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6172 6520 properties are \n+0001b1d0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6279 2061 6c6c supported by all\n+0001b1e0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 733a 0ae2 8098 components:....\n+0001b1f0: 6c65 6674 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 left.... The\n+0001b200: 2064 6973 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 distance from t\n+0001b210: 6865 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f he left border o\n+0001b220: 6620 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f 206c f container to l\n+0001b230: 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a 2020 eft border of. \n+0001b240: 2020 2074 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e the object in\n+0001b250: 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6872 6565 either of three\n+0001b260: 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2078 formats:. x\n+0001b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5661 Va\n+0001b280: 6c75 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 730a 2020 lue in pixels. \n+0001b290: 2020 2070 2520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p% \n+0001b2a0: 2020 5065 7263 656e 7461 6765 0a20 2020 Percentage. \n+0001b2b0: 2020 7025 2b78 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p%+x \n+0001b2c0: 206d 6978 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f 7468 mixture of both\n+0001b2d0: 0ae2 8098 746f 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ....top.... \n+0001b2e0: 5468 6520 6469 7374 616e 6365 2066 726f The distance fro\n+0001b2f0: 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 m the left borde\n+0001b300: 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 r of container t\n+0001b310: 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 o left border of\n+0001b320: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 6374 . the object\n+0001b330: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e in same format.\n+0001b340: 0ae2 8098 7769 6474 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 ....width.... \n+0001b350: 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 206f The width of o\n+0001b360: 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f bject in same fo\n+0001b370: 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9868 6569 6768 74e2 rmat.....height.\n+0001b380: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 ... The heig\n+0001b390: 6874 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 ht of object in \n+0001b3a0: 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 same format.....\n+0001b3b0: 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 id.... The i\n+0001b3c0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 666f 7220 7468 dentifier for th\n+0001b3d0: 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 5468 e component. Th\n+0001b3e0: 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 6172 is can be any ar\n+0001b3f0: 6269 7472 6172 790a 2020 2020 2073 7472 bitrary. str\n+0001b400: 696e 672e 2020 5468 6520 4944 2063 616e ing. The ID can\n+0001b410: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 7363 7269 be used by scri\n+0001b420: 7074 7320 746f 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 pts to refer to \n+0001b430: 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d various. com\n+0001b440: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2047 ponents in the G\n+0001b450: 5549 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 UI component tre\n+0001b460: 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 2074 e. Currently, t\n+0001b470: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 here is one. \n+0001b480: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2049 4420 7661 6c75 special ID valu\n+0001b490: 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7265 636f e that GRUB reco\n+0001b4a0: 676e 697a 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 225f gnizes:.. \"_\n+0001b4b0: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 2043 6f6d _timeout__\" Com\n+0001b4c0: 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 ponent with this\n+0001b4d0: 2049 4420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7570 6461 ID will be upda\n+0001b4e0: 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 ted by GRUB. \n+0001b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001b500: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2069 6e64 6963 6174 and will indicat\n+0001b510: 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2074 e time elapsed t\n+0001b520: 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c o an automatical\n+0001b530: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001b540: 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 boot of the\n+0001b550: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 default entry. \n+0001b560: 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e Affected compon\n+0001b570: 656e 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ents:. \n+0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226c 6162 656c \"label\n+0001b590: 222c 2022 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f \", \"circular_pro\n+0001b5a0: 6772 6573 7322 2c20 2270 726f 6772 6573 gress\", \"progres\n+0001b5b0: 735f 6261 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a s_bar\".....File:\n+0001b5c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0001b5d0: 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 204e 6578 e: Network, Nex\n+0001b5e0: 743a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e t: Serial termin\n+0001b5f0: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 6865 6d65 al, Prev: Theme\n+0001b600: 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 2055 file format, U\n+0001b610: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f 6f74 696e p: Top..8 Bootin\n+0001b620: 6720 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 g GRUB from the \n+0001b630: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a network.********\n 0001b640: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001b650: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 ***..The followi\n-0001b660: 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 ng instructions \n-0001b670: 646f 6e27 7420 776f 726b 2066 6f72 202a don't work for *\n-0001b680: 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 3836 2d71 656d 752c -emu, i386-qemu,\n-0001b690: 0a69 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 .i386-coreboot, \n-0001b6a0: 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 i386-multiboot, \n-0001b6b0: 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e2c 206d mips_loongson, m\n-0001b6c0: 6970 732d 6172 6320 616e 640a 6d69 7073 ips-arc and.mips\n-0001b6d0: 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 0a0a 2020 2054 _qemu_mips.. T\n-0001b6e0: 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 206e 6574 o generate a net\n-0001b6f0: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2064 6972 6563 746f bootable directo\n-0001b700: 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 ry, run:.. g\n-0001b710: 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d 2d6e rub-mknetdir --n\n-0001b720: 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 et-directory=/sr\n-0001b730: 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 723d v/tftp --subdir=\n-0001b740: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 2f75 /boot/grub -d /u\n-0001b750: 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c70 6c61 sr/lib/grub/.. E.g. \n-0001b770: 2066 6f72 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a0a 0a20 for i386-pc:.. \n-0001b780: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 grub-mknetdi\n-0001b790: 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 r --net-director\n-0001b7a0: 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 y=/srv/tftp --su\n-0001b7b0: 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 bdir=/boot/grub \n-0001b7c0: 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 -d /usr/lib/grub\n-0001b7d0: 2f69 3338 362d 7063 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 /i386-pc.. The\n-0001b7e0: 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2069 6e73 7472 7563 n follow instruc\n-0001b7f0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 696e 7465 6420 6f75 tions printed ou\n-0001b800: 7420 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 t by grub-mknetd\n-0001b810: 6972 206f 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 696e ir on configurin\n-0001b820: 670a 796f 7572 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 g.your DHCP serv\n-0001b830: 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6772 7562 er... The grub\n-0001b840: 2e63 6667 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 6c61 .cfg file is pla\n-0001b850: 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 ced in the same \n-0001b860: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 6865 directory as the\n-0001b870: 2070 6174 6820 6f75 7470 7574 0a62 7920 path output.by \n-0001b880: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 6865 grub-mknetdir he\n-0001b890: 7265 6166 7465 7220 7265 6665 7272 6564 reafter referred\n-0001b8a0: 2074 6f20 6173 2046 5750 4154 482e 2047 to as FWPATH. G\n-0001b8b0: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 6561 7263 6820 RUB will search \n-0001b8c0: 666f 720a 6974 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 for.its configur\n-0001b8d0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e 206f ation files in o\n-0001b8e0: 7264 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 rder using the f\n-0001b8f0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2072 756c 6573 2077 ollowing rules w\n-0001b900: 6865 7265 2074 6865 0a61 7070 656e 6465 here the.appende\n-0001b910: 6420 7661 6c75 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f d value correspo\n-0001b920: 6e64 7320 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 206f nds to a value o\n-0001b930: 6e20 7468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 206d 6163 n the client mac\n-0001b940: 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 hine... ...(\n-0001b950: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n-0001b960: 6366 672d e280 9828 5555 4944 204f 4620 cfg-...(UUID OF \n-0001b970: 4d41 4348 494e 4529 e280 990a 2020 2020 MACHINE).... \n-0001b980: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n-0001b990: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 284d 4143 grub.cfg-...(MAC\n-0001b9a0: 2041 4444 5245 5353 204f 4620 4e49 4329 ADDRESS OF NIC)\n-0001b9b0: e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 .... ...(FWP\n-0001b9c0: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001b9d0: 2de2 8098 2849 5076 3420 4f52 2049 5076 -...(IPv4 OR IPv\n-0001b9e0: 3620 4144 4452 4553 5329 e280 990a 2020 6 ADDRESS).... \n-0001b9f0: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n-0001ba00: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 ./grub.cfg.. T\n-0001ba10: 6865 2055 5549 4420 6973 2074 6865 2043 he UUID is the C\n-0001ba20: 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 6368 696e 6520 4964 lient Machine Id\n-0001ba30: 656e 7469 6669 6572 204f 7074 696f 6e20 entifier Option \n-0001ba40: 4465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2061 730a 7370 Definition as.sp\n-0001ba50: 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2052 4643 2034 ecified in RFC 4\n-0001ba60: 3537 382e 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 578. The client\n-0001ba70: 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d will only attem\n-0001ba80: 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f75 6b20 7570 2061 pt to loouk up a\n-0001ba90: 2055 5549 440a 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c UUID.config fil\n-0001baa0: 6520 6966 2069 7420 7761 7320 7072 6f76 e if it was prov\n-0001bab0: 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4448 4350 ided by the DHCP\n-0001bac0: 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 server... The\n-0001bad0: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c client will onl\n-0001bae0: 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f6f y attempt to loo\n-0001baf0: 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 4950 7636 2061 6464 k up an IPv6 add\n-0001bb00: 7265 7373 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6f6e 6365 ress config once\n-0001bb10: 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 7769 ,.however, it wi\n-0001bb20: 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 ll try the IPv4 \n-0001bb30: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2e20 multiple times. \n-0001bb40: 2054 6865 2063 6f6e 6372 6574 6520 6578 The concrete ex\n-0001bb50: 616d 706c 650a 6265 6c6f 7720 7368 6f77 ample.below show\n-0001bb60: 7320 7768 6174 2077 6f75 6c64 2068 6170 s what would hap\n-0001bb70: 7065 6e20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 4950 pen under the IP\n-0001bb80: 7634 2063 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 v4 case... U\n-0001bb90: 5549 443a 2037 3732 3661 3637 382d 3766 UID: 7726a678-7f\n-0001bba0: 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 2d63 3835 c0-4853-a4f6-c85\n-0001bbb0: 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 2020 204d ac36a120a. M\n-0001bbc0: 4143 3a20 2035 323a 3534 3a30 303a 6563 AC: 52:54:00:ec\n-0001bbd0: 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 2020 2020 4950 5634 :33:81. 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After\n-0001bec0: 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7374 6172 7465 GRUB has starte\n-0001bed0: 642c 2066 696c 6573 206f 6e20 7468 6520 d, files on the \n-0001bee0: 5446 5450 2073 6572 7665 7220 7769 6c6c TFTP server will\n-0001bef0: 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 0a76 be accessible.v\n-0001bf00: 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2874 6674 7029 ia the ...(tftp)\n-0001bf10: e280 9920 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 ... device... \n-0001bf20: 5468 6520 7365 7276 6572 2049 5020 6164 The server IP ad\n-0001bf30: 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6f6e dress can be con\n-0001bf40: 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2063 6861 6e67 trolled by chang\n-0001bf50: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9828 7466 7470 ing the ...(tftp\n-0001bf60: 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 )....device name\n-0001bf70: 2074 6f20 e280 9828 7466 7470 2c53 4552 to ...(tftp,SER\n-0001bf80: 5645 522d 4950 29e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 VER-IP).... Not\n-0001bf90: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 e that this shou\n-0001bfa0: 6c64 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 640a 626f ld be changed.bo\n-0001bfb0: 7468 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 th in the prefix\n-0001bfc0: 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 616e 7920 7265 6665 and in any refe\n-0001bfd0: 7265 6e63 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 rences to the de\n-0001bfe0: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 696e 2074 6865 vice name in the\n-0001bff0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 .configuration f\n-0001c000: 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7072 ile... GRUB pr\n-0001c010: 6f76 6964 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2065 ovides several e\n-0001c020: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-0001c030: 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 bles which may b\n-0001c040: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 696e 7370 6563 e used to.inspec\n-0001c050: 7420 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6520 7468 6520 t or change the \n-0001c060: 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 behaviour of the\n-0001c070: 2050 5845 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 496e PXE device. In\n-0001c080: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a64 the following.d\n-0001c090: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 203c 494e 5445 escription is placeh\n-0001c0b0: 6f6c 6465 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 6e61 older for the na\n-0001c0c0: 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e me of network in\n-0001c0d0: 7465 7266 6163 650a 2870 6c61 7466 6f72 terface.(platfor\n-0001c0e0: 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7429 3a0a 0ae2 m dependent):...\n-0001c0f0: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__ip.... The\n-0001c110: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 network interfa\n-0001c120: 6365 2773 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 732e ce's IP address.\n-0001c130: 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 Read-only.....\n-0001c140: 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e .net_\n-0001c150: 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 _mac.... The\n-0001c160: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 network interfa\n-0001c170: 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 ce's MAC address\n-0001c180: 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 . Read-only....\n-0001c190: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__clientid.... \n-0001c1b0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 6964 The client id\n-0001c1c0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 provided by DHC\n-0001c1d0: 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 P. Read-only....\n-0001c1e0: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__clientuuid....\n-0001c200: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 The client \n-0001c210: 7575 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 uuid provided by\n-0001c220: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n-0001c230: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__hostname..\n-0001c250: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e .. The clien\n-0001c260: 7420 686f 7374 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 t host name prov\n-0001c270: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 ided by DHCP. Re\n-0001c280: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n-0001c290: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n-0001c2a0: 6169 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ain.... The \n-0001c2b0: 636c 6965 6e74 2064 6f6d 6169 6e20 6e61 client domain na\n-0001c2c0: 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 me provided by D\n-0001c2d0: 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a HCP. Read-only..\n-0001c2e0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__rootpath....\n-0001c300: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f The path to\n-0001c310: 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7427 7320 726f the client's ro\n-0001c320: 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 ot disk provided\n-0001c330: 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f by DHCP. Read-o\n-0001c340: 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e nly......net__extensi\n-0001c360: 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 onspath.... \n-0001c370: 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 6164 6469 The path to addi\n-0001c380: 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 4843 5020 7665 6e64 tional DHCP vend\n-0001c390: 6f72 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 7072 or extensions pr\n-0001c3a0: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a ovided by DHCP..\n-0001c3b0: 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a Read-only..\n-0001c3c0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__boot_file...\n-0001c3e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 2066 . The boot f\n-0001c3f0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 ile name provide\n-0001c400: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d d by DHCP. Read-\n-0001c410: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__dhcp_s\n-0001c430: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 erver_name.... \n-0001c440: 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 The name of t\n-0001c450: 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2072 he DHCP server r\n-0001c460: 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2074 esponsible for t\n-0001c470: 6865 7365 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7261 6d65 hese boot parame\n-0001c480: 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d ters.. Read-\n-0001c490: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__next_s\n-0001c4b0: 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 erver.... Th\n-0001c4c0: 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 e IP address of \n-0001c4d0: 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2028 7573 7561 6c6c the next (usuall\n-0001c4e0: 792c 2054 4654 5029 2073 6572 7665 7220 y, TFTP) server \n-0001c4f0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n-0001c500: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 .. Read-only\n-0001c510: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c ......net_defaul\n-0001c520: 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 65e2 8099 0a20 t_interface.... \n-0001c530: 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 7365 Initially se\n-0001c540: 7420 746f 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e 6574 t to name of net\n-0001c550: 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2074 work interface t\n-0001c560: 6861 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 hat was used to \n-0001c570: 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2e20 load. grub. \n-0001c580: 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 Read-write, alt\n-0001c590: 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 hough setting it\n-0001c5a0: 2061 6666 6563 7473 206f 6e6c 7920 696e affects only in\n-0001c5b0: 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 terpretation. \n-0001c5c0: 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 of ...net_defa\n-0001c5d0: 756c 745f 6970 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ult_ip... and ..\n-0001c5e0: 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 .net_default_mac\n-0001c5f0: e280 990a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 ........net_defa\n-0001c600: 756c 745f 6970 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ult_ip.... T\n-0001c610: 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 he IP address of\n-0001c620: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 default interfa\n-0001c630: 6365 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 ce. Read-only. \n-0001c640: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 This is alias f\n-0001c650: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e or. the ...n\n-0001c660: 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 et_${net_default\n-0001c670: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6970 e280 _interface}_ip..\n-0001c680: 992e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 .......net_defau\n-0001c690: 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 lt_mac.... T\n-0001c6a0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 he default inter\n-0001c6b0: 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 face's MAC addre\n-0001c6c0: 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 ss. Read-only. \n-0001c6d0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 This is alias f\n-0001c6e0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e or. the ...n\n-0001c6f0: 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 et_${net_default\n-0001c700: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6d61 63e2 _interface}_mac.\n-0001c710: 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 ........net_defa\n-0001c720: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 990a 2020 ult_server.... \n-0001c730: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 The default s\n-0001c740: 6572 7665 7220 7573 6564 2062 7920 6e65 erver used by ne\n-0001c750: 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2028 2a6e twork drives (*n\n-0001c760: 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 ote Device synta\n-0001c770: 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d x::).. Read-\n-0001c780: 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 write, although \n-0001c790: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2069 7320 setting this is \n-0001c7a0: 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6265 666f only useful befo\n-0001c7b0: 7265 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 re opening a. \n-0001c7c0: 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6465 7669 6365 network device\n-0001c7d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0001c7e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6572 info, Node: Ser\n-0001c7f0: 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 204e ial terminal, N\n-0001c800: 6578 743a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 ext: Vendor powe\n-0001c810: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5072 6576 r-on keys, Prev\n-0001c820: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 : Network, Up: \n-0001c830: 546f 700a 0a39 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 Top..9 Using GRU\n-0001c840: 4220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c 206c B via a serial l\n-0001c850: 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ine.************\n+0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c *******..The fol\n+0001b660: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 lowing instructi\n+0001b670: 6f6e 7320 646f 6e27 7420 776f 726b 2066 ons don't work f\n+0001b680: 6f72 202a 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 3836 2d71 or *-emu, i386-q\n+0001b690: 656d 752c 0a69 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f emu,.i386-corebo\n+0001b6a0: 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f ot, i386-multibo\n+0001b6b0: 6f74 2c20 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 736f ot, mips_loongso\n+0001b6c0: 6e2c 206d 6970 732d 6172 6320 616e 640a n, mips-arc and.\n+0001b6d0: 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 0a0a mips_qemu_mips..\n+0001b6e0: 2020 2054 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 To generate a\n+0001b6f0: 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2064 6972 netbootable dir\n+0001b700: 6563 746f 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 ectory, run:.. \n+0001b710: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 grub-mknetdir\n+0001b720: 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --net-directory\n+0001b730: 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 7562 =/srv/tftp --sub\n+0001b740: 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 202d dir=/boot/grub -\n+0001b750: 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f d /usr/lib/grub/\n+0001b760: 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e 0a0a 2020 2045 .. E\n+0001b770: 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2069 3338 362d 7063 .g. for i386-pc\n+0001b780: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e :.. grub-mkn\n+0001b790: 6574 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 etdir --net-dire\n+0001b7a0: 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 ctory=/srv/tftp \n+0001b7b0: 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 --subdir=/boot/g\n+0001b7c0: 7275 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f rub -d /usr/lib/\n+0001b7d0: 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 0a0a 2020 grub/i386-pc.. \n+0001b7e0: 2054 6865 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2069 6e73 Then follow ins\n+0001b7f0: 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 696e 7465 tructions printe\n+0001b800: 6420 6f75 7420 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b d out by grub-mk\n+0001b810: 6e65 7464 6972 206f 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 netdir on config\n+0001b820: 7572 696e 670a 796f 7572 2044 4843 5020 uring.your DHCP \n+0001b830: 7365 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 server... The \n+0001b840: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2066 696c 6520 6973 grub.cfg file is\n+0001b850: 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 placed in the s\n+0001b860: 616d 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 ame directory as\n+0001b870: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f75 7470 7574 the path output\n+0001b880: 0a62 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 .by grub-mknetdi\n+0001b890: 7220 6865 7265 6166 7465 7220 7265 6665 r hereafter refe\n+0001b8a0: 7272 6564 2074 6f20 6173 2046 5750 4154 rred to as FWPAT\n+0001b8b0: 482e 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 6561 H. GRUB will sea\n+0001b8c0: 7263 6820 666f 720a 6974 7320 636f 6e66 rch for.its conf\n+0001b8d0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 iguration files \n+0001b8e0: 696e 206f 7264 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 in order using t\n+0001b8f0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2072 756c he following rul\n+0001b900: 6573 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 0a61 7070 es where the.app\n+0001b910: 656e 6465 6420 7661 6c75 6520 636f 7272 ended value corr\n+0001b920: 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2061 2076 616c esponds to a val\n+0001b930: 7565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 ue on the client\n+0001b940: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 machine... \n+0001b950: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001b960: 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 5555 4944 rub.cfg-...(UUID\n+0001b970: 204f 4620 4d41 4348 494e 4529 e280 990a OF MACHINE)....\n+0001b980: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001b990: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 .../grub.cfg-...\n+0001b9a0: 284d 4143 2041 4444 5245 5353 204f 4620 (MAC ADDRESS OF \n+0001b9b0: 4e49 4329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 NIC).... ...\n+0001b9c0: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n+0001b9d0: 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 2849 5076 3420 4f52 .cfg-...(IPv4 OR\n+0001b9e0: 2049 5076 3620 4144 4452 4553 5329 e280 IPv6 ADDRESS)..\n+0001b9f0: 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 .. ...(FWPAT\n+0001ba00: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a H).../grub.cfg..\n+0001ba10: 2020 2054 6865 2055 5549 4420 6973 2074 The UUID is t\n+0001ba20: 6865 2043 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 6368 696e he Client Machin\n+0001ba30: 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 204f 7074 e Identifier Opt\n+0001ba40: 696f 6e20 4465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2061 ion Definition a\n+0001ba50: 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2052 s.specified in R\n+0001ba60: 4643 2034 3537 382e 2020 5468 6520 636c FC 4578. The cl\n+0001ba70: 6965 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 ient will only a\n+0001ba80: 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f75 6b20 ttempt to loouk \n+0001ba90: 7570 2061 2055 5549 440a 636f 6e66 6967 up a UUID.config\n+0001baa0: 2066 696c 6520 6966 2069 7420 7761 7320 file if it was \n+0001bab0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 provided by the \n+0001bac0: 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 DHCP server... \n+0001bad0: 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c The client will\n+0001bae0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f only attempt to\n+0001baf0: 206c 6f6f 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 4950 7636 look up an IPv6\n+0001bb00: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 address config \n+0001bb10: 6f6e 6365 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 722c 2069 once,.however, i\n+0001bb20: 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6865 2049 t will try the I\n+0001bb30: 5076 3420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d Pv4 multiple tim\n+0001bb40: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6e 6372 6574 es. The concret\n+0001bb50: 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a 6265 6c6f 7720 e example.below \n+0001bb60: 7368 6f77 7320 7768 6174 2077 6f75 6c64 shows what would\n+0001bb70: 2068 6170 7065 6e20 756e 6465 7220 7468 happen under th\n+0001bb80: 6520 4950 7634 2063 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 e IPv4 case... \n+0001bb90: 2020 2055 5549 443a 2037 3732 3661 3637 UUID: 7726a67\n+0001bba0: 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 8-7fc0-4853-a4f6\n+0001bbb0: 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 -c85ac36a120a. \n+0001bbc0: 2020 204d 4143 3a20 2035 323a 3534 3a30 MAC: 52:54:0\n+0001bbd0: 303a 6563 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 2020 2020 0:ec:33:81. \n+0001bbe0: 4950 5634 3a20 3130 2e30 2e30 2e31 3330 IPV4: 10.0.0.130\n+0001bbf0: 2028 3041 3030 3030 3832 290a 0a20 2020 (0A000082).. \n+0001bc00: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n+0001bc10: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3737 3236 6136 /grub.cfg-7726a6\n+0001bc20: 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 3466 78-7fc0-4853-a4f\n+0001bc30: 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 0a20 6-c85ac36a120a. \n+0001bc40: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n+0001bc50: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3532 2d35 ../grub.cfg-52-5\n+0001bc60: 342d 3030 2d65 632d 3333 2d38 310a 2020 4-00-ec-33-81. \n+0001bc70: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n+0001bc80: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 ./grub.cfg-0A000\n+0001bc90: 3038 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 082. ...(FWP\n+0001bca0: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n+0001bcb0: 2d30 4130 3030 3038 0a20 2020 2020 e280 -0A00008. ..\n+0001bcc0: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n+0001bcd0: 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 0a20 2020 b.cfg-0A0000. \n+0001bce0: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n+0001bcf0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 300a /grub.cfg-0A000.\n+0001bd00: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001bd10: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 .../grub.cfg-0A0\n+0001bd20: 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 0. ...(FWPAT\n+0001bd30: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 H).../grub.cfg-0\n+0001bd40: 4130 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 A0. ...(FWPA\n+0001bd50: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n+0001bd60: 3041 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 0A. ...(FWPA\n+0001bd70: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n+0001bd80: 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 0. ...(FWPAT\n+0001bd90: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a H).../grub.cfg..\n+0001bda0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 6520 This feature \n+0001bdb0: 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 is enabled by de\n+0001bdc0: 6661 756c 7420 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e fault but it can\n+0001bdd0: 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 be disabled by \n+0001bde0: 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 e280 9866 setting.the ...f\n+0001bdf0: 6561 7475 7265 5f6e 6574 5f73 6561 7263 eature_net_searc\n+0001be00: 685f 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 986e h_cfg... to ...n\n+0001be10: e280 992e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 7468 6973 .... Since this\n+0001be20: 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2062 6566 6f72 6520 happens before \n+0001be30: 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f the.configuratio\n+0001be40: 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7265 6164 2062 n file is read b\n+0001be50: 7920 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6973 206f 7074 y GRUB, this opt\n+0001be60: 696f 6e20 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6469 ion has to be di\n+0001be70: 7361 626c 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a65 6d62 sabled in an.emb\n+0001be80: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n+0001be90: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ion file (*note \n+0001bea0: 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 Embedded configu\n+0001beb0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2041 ration::)... A\n+0001bec0: 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7374 fter GRUB has st\n+0001bed0: 6172 7465 642c 2066 696c 6573 206f 6e20 arted, files on \n+0001bee0: 7468 6520 5446 5450 2073 6572 7665 7220 the TFTP server \n+0001bef0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 will be accessib\n+0001bf00: 6c65 0a76 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2874 le.via the ...(t\n+0001bf10: 6674 7029 e280 9920 6465 7669 6365 2e0a ftp)... device..\n+0001bf20: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7365 7276 6572 2049 . The server I\n+0001bf30: 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 P address can be\n+0001bf40: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2063 controlled by c\n+0001bf50: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9828 hanging the ...(\n+0001bf60: 7466 7470 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 6963 6520 tftp)....device \n+0001bf70: 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 e280 9828 7466 7470 name to ...(tftp\n+0001bf80: 2c53 4552 5645 522d 4950 29e2 8099 2e20 ,SERVER-IP).... \n+0001bf90: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 Note that this \n+0001bfa0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 should be change\n+0001bfb0: 640a 626f 7468 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 d.both in the pr\n+0001bfc0: 6566 6978 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 616e 7920 efix and in any \n+0001bfd0: 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2074 6f20 7468 references to th\n+0001bfe0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 696e e device name in\n+0001bff0: 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the.configurati\n+0001c000: 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 on file... GRU\n+0001c010: 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2073 6576 6572 B provides sever\n+0001c020: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+0001c030: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 206d ariables which m\n+0001c040: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 696e ay be used to.in\n+0001c050: 7370 6563 7420 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6520 spect or change \n+0001c060: 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 the behaviour of\n+0001c070: 2074 6865 2050 5845 2064 6576 6963 652e the PXE device.\n+0001c080: 2020 496e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 In the followi\n+0001c090: 6e67 0a64 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 203c ng.description <\n+0001c0a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 2069 7320 706c INTERFACE> is pl\n+0001c0b0: 6163 6568 6f6c 6465 7220 666f 7220 7468 aceholder for th\n+0001c0c0: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 e name of networ\n+0001c0d0: 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2870 6c61 k interface.(pla\n+0001c0e0: 7466 6f72 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7429 tform dependent)\n+0001c0f0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 :.....net__ip.... \n+0001c110: 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 The network int\n+0001c120: 6572 6661 6365 2773 2049 5020 6164 6472 erface's IP addr\n+0001c130: 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e ess. Read-only.\n+0001c140: 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 .....net__mac.... \n+0001c160: 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 The network int\n+0001c170: 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 erface's MAC add\n+0001c180: 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 ress. Read-only\n+0001c190: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__clientid..\n+0001c1b0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e .. The clien\n+0001c1c0: 7420 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 t id provided by\n+0001c1d0: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n+0001c1e0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__clientuuid\n+0001c200: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 .... The cli\n+0001c210: 656e 7420 7575 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 ent uuid provide\n+0001c220: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d d by DHCP. Read-\n+0001c230: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__hostna\n+0001c250: 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 me.... The c\n+0001c260: 6c69 656e 7420 686f 7374 206e 616d 6520 lient host name \n+0001c270: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n+0001c280: 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 . Read-only.....\n+0001c290: 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e .net_\n+0001c2a0: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _domain.... \n+0001c2b0: 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2064 6f6d 6169 The client domai\n+0001c2c0: 6e20 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 n name provided \n+0001c2d0: 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e by DHCP. Read-on\n+0001c2e0: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__rootpath\n+0001c300: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6174 .... The pat\n+0001c310: 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7427 h to the client'\n+0001c320: 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6f76 s root disk prov\n+0001c330: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 ided by DHCP. Re\n+0001c340: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n+0001c350: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n+0001c360: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 ensionspath.... \n+0001c370: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 The path to \n+0001c380: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 4843 5020 additional DHCP \n+0001c390: 7665 6e64 6f72 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e vendor extension\n+0001c3a0: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 s provided by DH\n+0001c3b0: 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e CP.. Read-on\n+0001c3c0: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__boot_fil\n+0001c3e0: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f e.... The bo\n+0001c3f0: 6f74 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 726f ot file name pro\n+0001c400: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 vided by DHCP. R\n+0001c410: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n+0001c420: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 t__dh\n+0001c430: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 cp_server_name..\n+0001c440: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d 6520 .. The name \n+0001c450: 6f66 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 of the DHCP serv\n+0001c460: 6572 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 er responsible f\n+0001c470: 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 or these boot pa\n+0001c480: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 rameters.. R\n+0001c490: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n+0001c4a0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 t__ne\n+0001c4b0: 7874 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 xt_server.... \n+0001c4c0: 2020 5468 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 The IP address\n+0001c4d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2028 7573 of the next (us\n+0001c4e0: 7561 6c6c 792c 2054 4654 5029 2073 6572 ually, TFTP) ser\n+0001c4f0: 7665 7220 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 ver provided by \n+0001c500: 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d DHCP.. Read-\n+0001c510: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 only......net_de\n+0001c520: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 65e2 fault_interface.\n+0001c530: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c6c ... Initiall\n+0001c540: 7920 7365 7420 746f 206e 616d 6520 6f66 y set to name of\n+0001c550: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 network interfa\n+0001c560: 6365 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 ce that was used\n+0001c570: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 6772 to load. gr\n+0001c580: 7562 2e20 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c ub. Read-write,\n+0001c590: 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e although settin\n+0001c5a0: 6720 6974 2061 6666 6563 7473 206f 6e6c g it affects onl\n+0001c5b0: 7920 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e y interpretation\n+0001c5c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6e65 745f . of ...net_\n+0001c5d0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 9920 616e default_ip... an\n+0001c5e0: 6420 e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 d ...net_default\n+0001c5f0: 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f _mac........net_\n+0001c600: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 990a 2020 default_ip.... \n+0001c610: 2020 2054 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 The IP addres\n+0001c620: 7320 6f66 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 s of default int\n+0001c630: 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e erface. Read-on\n+0001c640: 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 ly. This is ali\n+0001c650: 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 as for. the \n+0001c660: e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 ...net_${net_def\n+0001c670: 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f ault_interface}_\n+0001c680: 6970 e280 992e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f64 ip.........net_d\n+0001c690: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 2020 efault_mac.... \n+0001c6a0: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n+0001c6b0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 nterface's MAC a\n+0001c6c0: 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e ddress. Read-on\n+0001c6d0: 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 ly. This is ali\n+0001c6e0: 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 as for. the \n+0001c6f0: e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 ...net_${net_def\n+0001c700: 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f ault_interface}_\n+0001c710: 6d61 63e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f mac.........net_\n+0001c720: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 default_server..\n+0001c730: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n+0001c740: 6c74 2073 6572 7665 7220 7573 6564 2062 lt server used b\n+0001c750: 7920 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 6573 y network drives\n+0001c760: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 (*note Device s\n+0001c770: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 yntax::).. R\n+0001c780: 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f ead-write, altho\n+0001c790: 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 ugh setting this\n+0001c7a0: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 is only useful \n+0001c7b0: 6265 666f 7265 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2061 before opening a\n+0001c7c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6465 . network de\n+0001c7d0: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 vice.....File: g\n+0001c7e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0001c7f0: 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c Serial terminal\n+0001c800: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2056 656e 646f 7220 , Next: Vendor \n+0001c810: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 power-on keys, \n+0001c820: 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 Prev: Network, \n+0001c830: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2055 7369 6e67 Up: Top..9 Using\n+0001c840: 2047 5255 4220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 GRUB via a seri\n+0001c850: 616c 206c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a al line.********\n 0001c860: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c870: 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 **..This chapter\n-0001c880: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6573 2068 6f77 2074 describes how t\n-0001c890: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c o use the serial\n-0001c8a0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 terminal suppor\n-0001c8b0: 7420 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2049 t in GRUB... I\n-0001c8c0: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 206d 616e 7920 f you have many \n-0001c8d0: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 6f72 2063 6f6d computers or com\n-0001c8e0: 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2064 puters with no d\n-0001c8f0: 6973 706c 6179 2f6b 6579 626f 6172 642c isplay/keyboard,\n-0001c900: 2069 740a 636f 756c 6420 6265 2076 6572 it.could be ver\n-0001c910: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 y useful to cont\n-0001c920: 726f 6c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 rol the computer\n-0001c930: 7320 7468 726f 7567 6820 7365 7269 616c s through serial\n-0001c940: 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 732e .communications.\n-0001c950: 2020 546f 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 206f 6e65 To connect one\n-0001c960: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7769 7468 2061 computer with a\n-0001c970: 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 nother via a ser\n-0001c980: 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 2c0a 796f 7520 6e65 ial line,.you ne\n-0001c990: 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6570 6172 6520 6120 ed to prepare a \n-0001c9a0: 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 656d 2028 6372 6f73 null-modem (cros\n-0001c9b0: 7329 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6361 626c 652c s) serial cable,\n-0001c9c0: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206d 6179 206e 6565 and you may nee\n-0001c9d0: 640a 746f 2068 6176 6520 6d75 6c74 6970 d.to have multip\n-0001c9e0: 6f72 7420 7365 7269 616c 2062 6f61 7264 ort serial board\n-0001c9f0: 732c 2069 6620 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 s, if your compu\n-0001ca00: 7465 7220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6861 7665 ter doesn't have\n-0001ca10: 2065 7874 7261 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 706f extra.serial po\n-0001ca20: 7274 732e 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f rts. In additio\n-0001ca30: 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d n, a terminal em\n-0001ca40: 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 ulator is also r\n-0001ca50: 6571 7569 7265 642c 2073 7563 680a 6173 equired, such.as\n-0001ca60: 206d 696e 6963 6f6d 2e20 2052 6566 6572 minicom. Refer\n-0001ca70: 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 6620 to a manual of \n-0001ca80: 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 your operating s\n-0001ca90: 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a ystem, for more.\n-0001caa0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 information... \n-0001cab0: 2041 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c20 7468 As for GRUB, th\n-0001cac0: 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e20 746f e instruction to\n-0001cad0: 2073 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c set up a serial\n-0001cae0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 2071 7569 terminal is qui\n-0001caf0: 7465 0a73 696d 706c 652e 2020 4865 7265 te.simple. Here\n-0001cb00: 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a is an example:.\n-0001cb10: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7365 7269 . grub> seri\n-0001cb20: 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 743d 3020 2d2d 7370 al --unit=0 --sp\n-0001cb30: 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 6772 eed=9600. gr\n-0001cb40: 7562 3e20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ub> terminal_inp\n-0001cb50: 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c3b 2074 6572 6d69 ut serial; termi\n-0001cb60: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2073 6572 6961 nal_output seria\n-0001cb70: 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e l.. The comman\n-0001cb80: 6420 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2069 d ...serial... i\n-0001cb90: 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2073 nitializes the s\n-0001cba0: 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 2030 2077 6974 erial unit 0 wit\n-0001cbb0: 6820 7468 6520 7370 6565 640a 3936 3030 h the speed.9600\n-0001cbc0: 6270 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c bps. The serial\n-0001cbd0: 2075 6e69 7420 3020 6973 2075 7375 616c unit 0 is usual\n-0001cbe0: 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9843 4f4d ly called ...COM\n-0001cbf0: 31e2 8099 2c20 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 1..., so, if you\n-0001cc00: 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a75 7365 2043 4f4d want to.use COM\n-0001cc10: 322c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 2, you must spec\n-0001cc20: 6966 7920 e280 982d 2d75 6e69 743d 31e2 ify ...--unit=1.\n-0001cc30: 8099 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 2054 6869 .. instead. Thi\n-0001cc40: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6163 6365 7074 s command accept\n-0001cc50: 730a 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206f 7074 s.many other opt\n-0001cc60: 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 7269 ions, *note seri\n-0001cc70: 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 al:: for more de\n-0001cc80: 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 tails... The c\n-0001cc90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e280 9874 6572 6d69 ommands ...termi\n-0001cca0: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e nal_input... (*n\n-0001ccb0: 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ote terminal_inp\n-0001ccc0: 7574 3a3a 2920 616e 640a e280 9874 6572 ut::) and....ter\n-0001ccd0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 9920 minal_output... \n-0001cce0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f (*note terminal_\n-0001ccf0: 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2920 6368 6f6f 7365 output::) choose\n-0001cd00: 2077 6869 6368 2074 7970 6520 6f66 0a74 which type of.t\n-0001cd10: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 erminal you want\n-0001cd20: 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 to use. In the\n-0001cd30: 2063 6173 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2074 6865 case above, the\n-0001cd40: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 terminal will b\n-0001cd50: 6520 610a 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 e a.serial termi\n-0001cd60: 6e61 6c2c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2063 616e nal, but you can\n-0001cd70: 2061 6c73 6f20 7061 7373 20e2 8098 636f also pass ...co\n-0001cd80: 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 nsole... to the \n-0001cd90: 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2061 730a e280 9874 command, as....t\n-0001cda0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 7365 erminal_input se\n-0001cdb0: 7269 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 992e rial console....\n-0001cdc0: 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c20 In this case, \n-0001cdd0: 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 6e20 7768 a terminal in wh\n-0001cde0: 6963 6820 796f 750a 7072 6573 7320 616e ich you.press an\n-0001cdf0: 7920 6b65 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 y key will be se\n-0001ce00: 6c65 6374 6564 2061 7320 6120 4752 5542 lected as a GRUB\n-0001ce10: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 496e 2074 terminal. In t\n-0001ce20: 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a61 626f 7665 he example.above\n-0001ce30: 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 , note that you \n-0001ce40: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7075 7420 626f 7468 need to put both\n-0001ce50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 commands on the\n-0001ce60: 2073 616d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 same command li\n-0001ce70: 6e65 2c0a 6173 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 ne,.as you will \n-0001ce80: 6c6f 7365 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 lose the ability\n-0001ce90: 2074 6f20 7479 7065 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 to type command\n-0001cea0: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 s on the console\n-0001ceb0: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 after the.first\n-0001cec0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f command... Ho\n-0001ced0: 7765 7665 722c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 wever, note that\n-0001cee0: 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 GRUB assumes th\n-0001cef0: 6174 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c at your terminal\n-0001cf00: 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 0a63 6f6d emulator is.com\n-0001cf10: 7061 7469 626c 6520 7769 7468 2056 5431 patible with VT1\n-0001cf20: 3030 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 00 by default. \n-0001cf30: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7472 7565 2066 6f72 This is true for\n-0001cf40: 206d 6f73 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a65 most terminal.e\n-0001cf50: 6d75 6c61 746f 7273 206e 6f77 6164 6179 mulators nowaday\n-0001cf60: 732c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c s, but you shoul\n-0001cf70: 6420 7061 7373 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f d pass the optio\n-0001cf80: 6e20 e280 982d 2d64 756d 62e2 8099 2074 n ...--dumb... t\n-0001cf90: 6f20 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6966 o the.command if\n-0001cfa0: 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 your terminal e\n-0001cfb0: 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 206e 6f74 2056 mulator is not V\n-0001cfc0: 5431 3030 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 T100-compatible \n-0001cfd0: 6f72 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 6665 or implements.fe\n-0001cfe0: 7720 5654 3130 3020 6573 6361 7065 2073 w VT100 escape s\n-0001cff0: 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2049 6620 796f equences. If yo\n-0001d000: 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6973 206f u specify this o\n-0001d010: 7074 696f 6e20 7468 656e 2047 5255 420a ption then GRUB.\n-0001d020: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 provides you wit\n-0001d030: 6820 616e 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 h an alternative\n-0001d040: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c menu interface,\n-0001d050: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 206e 6f72 because the nor\n-0001d060: 6d61 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a72 6571 7569 7265 mal menu.require\n-0001d070: 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6661 6e63 7920 s several fancy \n-0001d080: 6665 6174 7572 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 features of your\n-0001d090: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 terminal.....Fi\n-0001d0a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0001d0b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 Node: Vendor pow\n-0001d0c0: 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 204e 6578 er-on keys, Nex\n-0001d0d0: 743a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 5072 6576 t: Images, Prev\n-0001d0e0: 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 : Serial termina\n-0001d0f0: 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3020 l, Up: Top..10 \n-0001d100: 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2077 6974 6820 Using GRUB with \n-0001d110: 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 vendor power-on \n-0001d120: 6b65 7973 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a keys.***********\n+0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2063 6861 ******..This cha\n+0001c880: 7074 6572 2064 6573 6372 6962 6573 2068 pter describes h\n+0001c890: 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7365 ow to use the se\n+0001c8a0: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 rial terminal su\n+0001c8b0: 7070 6f72 7420 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a pport in GRUB...\n+0001c8c0: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 206d If you have m\n+0001c8d0: 616e 7920 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 6f72 any computers or\n+0001c8e0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 computers with \n+0001c8f0: 6e6f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2f6b 6579 626f no display/keybo\n+0001c900: 6172 642c 2069 740a 636f 756c 6420 6265 ard, it.could be\n+0001c910: 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 very useful to \n+0001c920: 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 control the comp\n+0001c930: 7574 6572 7320 7468 726f 7567 6820 7365 uters through se\n+0001c940: 7269 616c 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 rial.communicati\n+0001c950: 6f6e 732e 2020 546f 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 ons. To connect\n+0001c960: 206f 6e65 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7769 one computer wi\n+0001c970: 7468 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 6961 2061 th another via a\n+0001c980: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 2c0a 796f serial line,.yo\n+0001c990: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6570 6172 u need to prepar\n+0001c9a0: 6520 6120 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 656d 2028 e a null-modem (\n+0001c9b0: 6372 6f73 7329 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6361 cross) serial ca\n+0001c9c0: 626c 652c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206d 6179 ble, and you may\n+0001c9d0: 206e 6565 640a 746f 2068 6176 6520 6d75 need.to have mu\n+0001c9e0: 6c74 6970 6f72 7420 7365 7269 616c 2062 ltiport serial b\n+0001c9f0: 6f61 7264 732c 2069 6620 796f 7572 2063 oards, if your c\n+0001ca00: 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 omputer doesn't \n+0001ca10: 6861 7665 2065 7874 7261 0a73 6572 6961 have extra.seria\n+0001ca20: 6c20 706f 7274 732e 2020 496e 2061 6464 l ports. In add\n+0001ca30: 6974 696f 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ition, a termina\n+0001ca40: 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 616c l emulator is al\n+0001ca50: 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 642c 2073 7563 so required, suc\n+0001ca60: 680a 6173 206d 696e 6963 6f6d 2e20 2052 h.as minicom. R\n+0001ca70: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 6e75 616c efer to a manual\n+0001ca80: 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 of your operati\n+0001ca90: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206d ng system, for m\n+0001caa0: 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore.information.\n+0001cab0: 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 .. As for GRUB\n+0001cac0: 2c20 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f , the instructio\n+0001cad0: 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 n to set up a se\n+0001cae0: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 rial terminal is\n+0001caf0: 2071 7569 7465 0a73 696d 706c 652e 2020 quite.simple. \n+0001cb00: 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 Here is an examp\n+0001cb10: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 le:.. grub> \n+0001cb20: 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 743d 3020 serial --unit=0 \n+0001cb30: 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 --speed=9600. \n+0001cb40: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7465 726d 696e 616c grub> terminal\n+0001cb50: 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c3b 2074 _input serial; t\n+0001cb60: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2073 erminal_output s\n+0001cb70: 6572 6961 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f erial.. The co\n+0001cb80: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 mmand ...serial.\n+0001cb90: 8099 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 2074 .. initializes t\n+0001cba0: 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 2030 he serial unit 0\n+0001cbb0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6565 640a with the speed.\n+0001cbc0: 3936 3030 6270 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 9600bps. The se\n+0001cbd0: 7269 616c 2075 6e69 7420 3020 6973 2075 rial unit 0 is u\n+0001cbe0: 7375 616c 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 6420 e280 sually called ..\n+0001cbf0: 9843 4f4d 31e2 8099 2c20 736f 2c20 6966 .COM1..., so, if\n+0001cc00: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a75 7365 you want to.use\n+0001cc10: 2043 4f4d 322c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 COM2, you must \n+0001cc20: 7370 6563 6966 7920 e280 982d 2d75 6e69 specify ...--uni\n+0001cc30: 743d 31e2 8099 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 t=1... instead. \n+0001cc40: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6163 This command ac\n+0001cc50: 6365 7074 730a 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 cepts.many other\n+0001cc60: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 options, *note \n+0001cc70: 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 serial:: for mor\n+0001cc80: 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 e details... T\n+0001cc90: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e280 9874 he commands ...t\n+0001cca0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 8099 erminal_input...\n+0001ccb0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c (*note terminal\n+0001ccc0: 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2920 616e 640a e280 _input::) and...\n+0001ccd0: 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 .terminal_output\n+0001cce0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 ... (*note termi\n+0001ccf0: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2920 6368 nal_output::) ch\n+0001cd00: 6f6f 7365 2077 6869 6368 2074 7970 6520 oose which type \n+0001cd10: 6f66 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 796f 7520 of.terminal you \n+0001cd20: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 496e want to use. In\n+0001cd30: 2074 6865 2063 6173 6520 6162 6f76 652c the case above,\n+0001cd40: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 the terminal wi\n+0001cd50: 6c6c 2062 6520 610a 7365 7269 616c 2074 ll be a.serial t\n+0001cd60: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 erminal, but you\n+0001cd70: 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 7061 7373 20e2 can also pass .\n+0001cd80: 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 ..console... to \n+0001cd90: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2061 730a the command, as.\n+0001cda0: e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 ...terminal_inpu\n+0001cdb0: 7420 7365 7269 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 t serial console\n+0001cdc0: e280 992e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 .... In this ca\n+0001cdd0: 7365 2c20 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 se, a terminal i\n+0001cde0: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f 750a 7072 6573 n which you.pres\n+0001cdf0: 7320 616e 7920 6b65 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 s any key will b\n+0001ce00: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2061 7320 6120 e selected as a \n+0001ce10: 4752 5542 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 GRUB terminal. \n+0001ce20: 496e 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a61 In the example.a\n+0001ce30: 626f 7665 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 bove, note that \n+0001ce40: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7075 7420 you need to put \n+0001ce50: 626f 7468 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e both commands on\n+0001ce60: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e the same comman\n+0001ce70: 6420 6c69 6e65 2c0a 6173 2079 6f75 2077 d line,.as you w\n+0001ce80: 696c 6c20 6c6f 7365 2074 6865 2061 6269 ill lose the abi\n+0001ce90: 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 7479 7065 2063 6f6d lity to type com\n+0001cea0: 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e mands on the con\n+0001ceb0: 736f 6c65 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 0a66 sole after the.f\n+0001cec0: 6972 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 irst command... \n+0001ced0: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 206e 6f74 6520 However, note \n+0001cee0: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 that GRUB assume\n+0001cef0: 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d s that your term\n+0001cf00: 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 inal emulator is\n+0001cf10: 0a63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 7769 7468 .compatible with\n+0001cf20: 2056 5431 3030 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c VT100 by defaul\n+0001cf30: 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7472 7565 t. This is true\n+0001cf40: 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7465 726d 696e for most termin\n+0001cf50: 616c 0a65 6d75 6c61 746f 7273 206e 6f77 al.emulators now\n+0001cf60: 6164 6179 732c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2073 adays, but you s\n+0001cf70: 686f 756c 6420 7061 7373 2074 6865 206f hould pass the o\n+0001cf80: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d64 756d 62e2 ption ...--dumb.\n+0001cf90: 8099 2074 6f20 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e .. to the.comman\n+0001cfa0: 6420 6966 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e d if your termin\n+0001cfb0: 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 206e al emulator is n\n+0001cfc0: 6f74 2056 5431 3030 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 ot VT100-compati\n+0001cfd0: 626c 6520 6f72 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 ble or implement\n+0001cfe0: 730a 6665 7720 5654 3130 3020 6573 6361 s.few VT100 esca\n+0001cff0: 7065 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2049 pe sequences. I\n+0001d000: 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 f you specify th\n+0001d010: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7468 656e 2047 is option then G\n+0001d020: 5255 420a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 RUB.provides you\n+0001d030: 2077 6974 6820 616e 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 with an alterna\n+0001d040: 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 tive menu interf\n+0001d050: 6163 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 ace, because the\n+0001d060: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a72 6571 normal menu.req\n+0001d070: 7569 7265 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6661 uires several fa\n+0001d080: 6e63 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 206f 6620 ncy features of \n+0001d090: 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a your terminal...\n+0001d0a0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0001d0b0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 o, Node: Vendor\n+0001d0c0: 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 power-on keys, \n+0001d0d0: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 Next: Images, \n+0001d0e0: 5072 6576 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 Prev: Serial ter\n+0001d0f0: 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a minal, Up: Top.\n+0001d100: 0a31 3020 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2077 .10 Using GRUB w\n+0001d110: 6974 6820 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 ith vendor power\n+0001d120: 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a -on keys.*******\n 0001d130: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d140: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f ************..So\n-0001d150: 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7020 7665 6e64 6f72 me laptop vendor\n-0001d160: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6520 616e 2061 6464 s provide an add\n-0001d170: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 706f 7765 722d 6f6e itional power-on\n-0001d180: 2062 7574 746f 6e20 7768 6963 6820 626f button which bo\n-0001d190: 6f74 730a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 4f53 2e20 ots.another OS. \n-0001d1a0: 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7375 GRUB supports su\n-0001d1b0: 6368 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2077 6974 6820 ch buttons with \n-0001d1c0: 7468 6520 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 the ...GRUB_TIME\n-0001d1d0: 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0ae2 OUT_BUTTON...,..\n-0001d1e0: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n-0001d1f0: 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 TYLE_BUTTON..., \n-0001d200: e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f ...GRUB_DEFAULT_\n-0001d210: 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 2061 6e64 0ae2 BUTTON..., and..\n-0001d220: 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d ..GRUB_BUTTON_CM\n-0001d230: 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 7661 OS_ADDRESS... va\n-0001d240: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2064 6566 6175 riables in defau\n-0001d250: 6c74 2f67 7275 6220 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 lt/grub (*note S\n-0001d260: 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple.configurat\n-0001d270: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 ion::). ...GRUB\n-0001d280: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 _TIMEOUT_BUTTON.\n-0001d290: 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 .., ...GRUB_TIME\n-0001d2a0: 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e OUT_STYLE_BUTTON\n-0001d2b0: e280 992c 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 ...,.and ...GRUB\n-0001d2c0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 _DEFAULT_BUTTON.\n-0001d2d0: 8099 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 .. are used inst\n-0001d2e0: 6561 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 ead of the corre\n-0001d2f0: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 0a76 6172 6961 626c sponding.variabl\n-0001d300: 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 es without the .\n-0001d310: 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2073 7566 .._BUTTON... suf\n-0001d320: 6669 7820 7768 656e 2070 6f77 6572 6564 fix when powered\n-0001d330: 206f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7370 on using the sp\n-0001d340: 6563 6961 6c0a 6275 7474 6f6e 2e20 20e2 ecial.button. .\n-0001d350: 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d ..GRUB_BUTTON_CM\n-0001d360: 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 6973 OS_ADDRESS... is\n-0001d370: 2076 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 vendor-specific\n-0001d380: 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 0a6d and partially.m\n-0001d390: 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 odel-specific. \n-0001d3a0: 5661 6c75 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 Values known to \n-0001d3b0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 6561 6d20 6172 the GRUB team ar\n-0001d3c0: 653a 0a0a 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 4d31 e:... 121:3\n-0001d3e0: 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 3135 3330 .. 85:3.. 85:3..\n-0001d430: 2020 2020 2038 343a 3120 2875 6e63 6f6e 84:1 (uncon\n-0001d440: 6669 726d 6564 290a 3c4c 454e 4f56 4f20 firmed).. 1\n-0001d470: 3031 3a33 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7461 6b65 01:3.. To take\n-0001d480: 2066 756c 6c20 6164 7661 6e74 6167 6520 full advantage \n-0001d490: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e of this function\n-0001d4a0: 2c20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 , install GRUB i\n-0001d4b0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4d42 520a 282a 6e6f nto the MBR.(*no\n-0001d4c0: 7465 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 te Installing GR\n-0001d4d0: 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e UB using grub-in\n-0001d4e0: 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 stall::)... If\n-0001d4f0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c61 7074 you have a lapt\n-0001d500: 6f70 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 2073 op which has a s\n-0001d510: 696d 696c 6172 2066 6561 7475 7265 2061 imilar feature a\n-0001d520: 6e64 206e 6f74 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6162 nd not in the ab\n-0001d530: 6f76 650a 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 2079 ove.list could y\n-0001d540: 6f75 2066 6967 7572 6520 796f 7572 2061 ou figure your a\n-0001d550: 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7472 ddress and contr\n-0001d560: 6962 7574 653f 2020 546f 2064 6973 636f ibute? To disco\n-0001d570: 7665 7220 7468 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 ver the.address \n-0001d580: 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 do the following\n-0001d590: 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 6e6f :. ... boot no\n-0001d5a0: 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 rmally. ... \n-0001d5b0: 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 sudo modprobe\n-0001d5c0: 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nvram. \n-0001d5d0: 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e sudo cat /dev/n\n-0001d5e0: 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 vram | xxd > nor\n-0001d5f0: 6d61 6c5f 6275 7474 6f6e 2e74 7874 0a20 mal_button.txt. \n-0001d600: 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 2075 7369 6e67 ... boot using\n-0001d610: 2076 656e 646f 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 0a20 vendor button. \n-0001d620: 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 ... sudo \n-0001d630: 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 modprobe nvram. \n-0001d640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 sudo ca\n-0001d650: 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 t /dev/nvram | x\n-0001d660: 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 7665 6e64 xd > normal_vend\n-0001d670: 6f72 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 or.txt.. Then \n-0001d680: 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6573 6520 7465 compare these te\n-0001d690: 7874 2066 696c 6573 2061 6e64 2066 696e xt files and fin\n-0001d6a0: 6420 7768 6572 6520 6120 6269 7420 7761 d where a bit wa\n-0001d6b0: 7320 746f 6767 6c65 642e 2020 452e 672e s toggled. E.g.\n-0001d6c0: 0a69 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 4465 6c6c .in case of Dell\n-0001d6d0: 2058 5053 2069 7420 7761 733a 0a20 2020 XPS it was:. \n-0001d6e0: 2020 6279 7465 2030 7834 373a 2032 3020 byte 0x47: 20 \n-0001d6f0: 2d2d 3e20 3238 0a20 2020 4974 2773 2061 --> 28. It's a\n-0001d700: 2062 6974 206e 756d 6265 7220 3320 6173 bit number 3 as\n-0001d710: 2073 6565 6e20 6672 6f6d 2066 6f6c 6c6f seen from follo\n-0001d720: 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 3020 2020 wing table:.0 \n-0001d730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 310a 3120 01.1 \n-0001d740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 320a 02.\n-0001d750: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 2 0\n-0001d760: 340a 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4.3 \n-0001d770: 2030 380a 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 08.4 \n-0001d780: 2020 2031 300a 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 10.5 \n-0001d790: 2020 2020 2032 300a 3620 2020 2020 2020 20.6 \n-0001d7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2034 300a 3720 2020 2020 40.7 \n-0001d7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 300a 0a20 2020 80.. \n-0001d7c0: 3078 3437 2069 7320 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 0x47 is decimal \n-0001d7d0: 3731 2e20 204c 696e 7578 206e 7672 616d 71. Linux nvram\n-0001d7e0: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 implementation \n-0001d7f0: 6375 7473 2066 6972 7374 2031 3420 6279 cuts first 14 by\n-0001d800: 7465 730a 6f66 2043 4d4f 532e 2053 6f20 tes.of CMOS. So \n-0001d810: 7468 6520 7265 616c 2062 7974 6520 6164 the real byte ad\n-0001d820: 6472 6573 7320 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6973 dress in CMOS is\n-0001d830: 2037 312b 3134 3d38 3520 536f 2063 6f6d 71+14=85 So com\n-0001d840: 706c 6574 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 6973 plete.address is\n-0001d850: 2038 353a 330a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 85:3....File: g\n-0001d860: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0001d870: 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 Images, Next: \n-0001d880: 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 Core image size \n-0001d890: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 limitation, Pre\n-0001d8a0: 763a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d v: Vendor power-\n-0001d8b0: 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f on keys, Up: To\n-0001d8c0: 700a 0a31 3120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 p..11 GRUB image\n-0001d8d0: 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a files.*********\n-0001d8e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 **********..GRUB\n-0001d8f0: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 7320 6f66 2073 6576 consists of sev\n-0001d900: 6572 616c 2069 6d61 6765 733a 2061 2076 eral images: a v\n-0001d910: 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 7374 ariety of bootst\n-0001d920: 7261 7020 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 0a73 rap images for.s\n-0001d930: 7461 7274 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e20 tarting GRUB in \n-0001d940: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7761 7973 2c20 6120 various ways, a \n-0001d950: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 616e kernel image, an\n-0001d960: 6420 6120 7365 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c d a set of modul\n-0001d970: 6573 0a77 6869 6368 2061 7265 2063 6f6d es.which are com\n-0001d980: 6269 6e65 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206b bined with the k\n-0001d990: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f 2066 ernel image to f\n-0001d9a0: 6f72 6d20 6120 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 orm a core image\n-0001d9b0: 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 0a61 2073 686f . Here is.a sho\n-0001d9c0: 7274 206f 7665 7276 6965 7720 6f66 2074 rt overview of t\n-0001d9d0: 6865 6d2e 0a0a e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d hem......boot.im\n-0001d9e0: 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2050 4320 g.... On PC \n-0001d9f0: 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 BIOS systems, th\n-0001da00: 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7468 6520 is image is the \n-0001da10: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 4752 first part of GR\n-0001da20: 5542 2074 6f20 7374 6172 742e 0a20 2020 UB to start.. \n-0001da30: 2020 4974 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 It is written \n-0001da40: 746f 2061 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 to a master boot\n-0001da50: 2072 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 6f72 record (MBR) or\n-0001da60: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 to the boot sec\n-0001da70: 746f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6120 7061 tor. of a pa\n-0001da80: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4265 6361 7573 rtition. Becaus\n-0001da90: 6520 6120 5043 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 e a PC boot sect\n-0001daa0: 6f72 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 732c or is 512 bytes,\n-0001dab0: 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 the size of. \n-0001dac0: 2020 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 this image is \n-0001dad0: 6578 6163 746c 7920 3531 3220 6279 7465 exactly 512 byte\n-0001dae0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 6f6c s... The sol\n-0001daf0: 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 e function of ..\n-0001db00: 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 .boot.img... is \n-0001db10: 746f 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 6669 7273 to read the firs\n-0001db20: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 650a t sector of the.\n-0001db30: 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 core image \n-0001db40: 6672 6f6d 2061 206c 6f63 616c 2064 6973 from a local dis\n-0001db50: 6b20 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 2074 6f20 6974 k and jump to it\n-0001db60: 2e20 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 . Because of th\n-0001db70: 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7374 e size. rest\n-0001db80: 7269 6374 696f 6e2c 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 riction, ...boot\n-0001db90: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 .img... cannot u\n-0001dba0: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 616e 7920 6669 nderstand any fi\n-0001dbb0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2073 le system. s\n-0001dbc0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2c20 736f 20e2 8098 tructure, so ...\n-0001dbd0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n-0001dbe0: 6861 7264 636f 6465 7320 7468 6520 6c6f hardcodes the lo\n-0001dbf0: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 cation of the fi\n-0001dc00: 7273 740a 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7220 rst. sector \n-0001dc10: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n-0001dc20: 6520 696e 746f 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 e into ...boot.i\n-0001dc30: 6d67 e280 9920 7768 656e 2069 6e73 7461 mg... when insta\n-0001dc40: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2e0a 0ae2 8098 lling GRUB......\n-0001dc50: 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a diskboot.img....\n-0001dc60: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 This image \n-0001dc70: 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 is used as the f\n-0001dc80: 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 irst sector of t\n-0001dc90: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 he core image wh\n-0001dca0: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 en. booting \n-0001dcb0: 6672 6f6d 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b from a hard disk\n-0001dcc0: 2e20 2049 7420 7265 6164 7320 7468 6520 . It reads the \n-0001dcd0: 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 rest of the core\n-0001dce0: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f0a 2020 2020 image into. \n-0001dcf0: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 616e 6420 7374 6172 memory and star\n-0001dd00: 7473 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 ts the kernel. \n-0001dd10: 5369 6e63 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 Since file syste\n-0001dd20: 6d20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2069 7320 6e6f m handling is no\n-0001dd30: 740a 2020 2020 2079 6574 2061 7661 696c t. yet avail\n-0001dd40: 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 2065 6e63 6f64 6573 able, it encodes\n-0001dd50: 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 the location of\n-0001dd60: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n-0001dd70: 7573 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f using a. blo\n-0001dd80: 636b 206c 6973 7420 666f 726d 6174 2e0a ck list format..\n-0001dd90: 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ....cdboot.img..\n-0001dda0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 .. This imag\n-0001ddb0: 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 e is used as the\n-0001ddc0: 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 first sector of\n-0001ddd0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n-0001dde0: 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e when. bootin\n-0001ddf0: 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d20 g from a CD-ROM \n-0001de00: 6472 6976 652e 2020 4974 2070 6572 666f drive. It perfo\n-0001de10: 726d 7320 6120 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6675 rms a similar fu\n-0001de20: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 nction to. .\n-0001de30: 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ..diskboot.img..\n-0001de40: 992e 0a0a e280 9870 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 .......pxeboot.i\n-0001de50: 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 mg.... This \n-0001de60: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 image is used as\n-0001de70: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 the start of th\n-0001de80: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 e core image whe\n-0001de90: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a20 n booting from. \n-0001dea0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 the network \n-0001deb0: 7573 696e 6720 5058 452e 202a 4e6f 7465 using PXE. *Note\n-0001dec0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Network::......\n-0001ded0: 6c6e 7862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 lnxboot.img.... \n-0001dee0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 206d This image m\n-0001def0: 6179 2062 6520 706c 6163 6564 2061 7420 ay be placed at \n-0001df00: 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the start of the\n-0001df10: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 206f core image in o\n-0001df20: 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 616b rder to. mak\n-0001df30: 6520 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b20 656e 6f75 e GRUB look enou\n-0001df40: 6768 206c 696b 6520 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 gh like a Linux \n-0001df50: 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 kernel that it c\n-0001df60: 616e 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2062 790a an be booted by.\n-0001df70: 2020 2020 204c 494c 4f20 7573 696e 6720 LILO using \n-0001df80: 616e 20e2 8098 696d 6167 653d e280 9920 an ...image=... \n-0001df90: 7365 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 986b 6572 section......ker\n-0001dfa0: 6e65 6c2e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 nel.img.... \n-0001dfb0: 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 This image conta\n-0001dfc0: 696e 7320 4752 5542 2773 2062 6173 6963 ins GRUB's basic\n-0001dfd0: 2072 756e 2d74 696d 6520 6661 6369 6c69 run-time facili\n-0001dfe0: 7469 6573 3a20 6672 616d 6577 6f72 6b73 ties: frameworks\n-0001dff0: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 6465 7669 6365 . for device\n-0001e000: 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 6861 6e64 6c69 and file handli\n-0001e010: 6e67 2c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ng, environment \n-0001e020: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2074 6865 2072 variables, the r\n-0001e030: 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 escue. mode \n-0001e040: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2070 6172 command-line par\n-0001e050: 7365 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 ser, and so on. \n-0001e060: 2049 7420 6973 2072 6172 656c 7920 7573 It is rarely us\n-0001e070: 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 0a20 2020 ed directly,. \n-0001e080: 2020 6275 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 but is built i\n-0001e090: 6e74 6f20 616c 6c20 636f 7265 2069 6d61 nto all core ima\n-0001e0a0: 6765 732e 0a0a e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d ges......core.im\n-0001e0b0: 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 g.... This i\n-0001e0c0: 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 s the core image\n-0001e0d0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 4974 2069 7320 of GRUB. It is \n-0001e0e0: 6275 696c 7420 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c built dynamicall\n-0001e0f0: 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 y from the. \n-0001e100: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2061 6e64 kernel image and\n-0001e110: 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 6c69 an arbitrary li\n-0001e120: 7374 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6279 st of modules by\n-0001e130: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 the ...grub-mki\n-0001e140: 6d61 6765 e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f mage.... pro\n-0001e150: 6772 616d 2e20 2055 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 gram. Usually, \n-0001e160: 6974 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 656e 6f75 it contains enou\n-0001e170: 6768 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6163 gh modules to ac\n-0001e180: 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f cess. .../bo\n-0001e190: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 ot/grub..., and \n-0001e1a0: 6c6f 6164 7320 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 loads everything\n-0001e1b0: 2065 6c73 6520 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 else (including\n-0001e1c0: 206d 656e 7520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c0a menu handling,.\n-0001e1d0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 the ability\n-0001e1e0: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 6172 6765 7420 to load target \n-0001e1f0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-0001e200: 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2920 6672 s, and so on) fr\n-0001e210: 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 om the. file\n-0001e220: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2072 756e 2d74 system at run-t\n-0001e230: 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c61 ime. The modula\n-0001e240: 7220 6465 7369 676e 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 r design allows \n-0001e250: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 the core image. \n-0001e260: 2020 2020 746f 2062 6520 6b65 7074 2073 to be kept s\n-0001e270: 6d61 6c6c 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 7468 6520 mall, since the \n-0001e280: 6172 6561 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7768 areas of disk wh\n-0001e290: 6572 6520 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 ere it must be. \n-0001e2a0: 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6172 installed ar\n-0001e2b0: 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 2073 6d61 6c6c e often as small\n-0001e2c0: 2061 7320 3332 4b42 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 as 32KB... \n-0001e2d0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 *Note BIOS insta\n-0001e2e0: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 llation::, for d\n-0001e2f0: 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e20 7768 6572 6520 etails on where \n-0001e300: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 the core image c\n-0001e310: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2069 6e73 7461 an. be insta\n-0001e320: 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 5043 2073 7973 7465 lled on PC syste\n-0001e330: 6d73 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a2e 6d6f 64e2 8099 ms......*.mod...\n-0001e340: 0a20 2020 2020 4576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 . Everything\n-0001e350: 2065 6c73 6520 696e 2047 5255 4220 7265 else in GRUB re\n-0001e360: 7369 6465 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 sides in dynamic\n-0001e370: 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6461 626c 6520 6d6f ally loadable mo\n-0001e380: 6475 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6573 dules.. Thes\n-0001e390: 6520 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6c6f 6164 e are often load\n-0001e3a0: 6564 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 ed automatically\n-0001e3b0: 2c20 6f72 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 , or built into \n-0001e3c0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 the core image. \n-0001e3d0: 2020 2020 6966 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 if they are \n-0001e3e0: 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2c 2062 7574 206d essential, but m\n-0001e3f0: 6179 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 ay also be loade\n-0001e400: 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 d manually using\n-0001e410: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 6e73 the. ...ins\n-0001e420: 6d6f 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 mod... command (\n-0001e430: 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 292e *note insmod::).\n-0001e440: 0a0a 466f 7220 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 ..For GRUB Legac\n-0001e450: 7920 7573 6572 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d y users.========\n-0001e460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n-0001e470: 5255 4220 3220 6861 7320 6120 6469 6666 RUB 2 has a diff\n-0001e480: 6572 656e 7420 6465 7369 676e 2066 726f erent design fro\n-0001e490: 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2061 m GRUB Legacy, a\n-0001e4a0: 6e64 2073 6f20 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 nd so correspond\n-0001e4b0: 656e 6365 730a 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 ences.with the i\n-0001e4c0: 6d61 6765 7320 6974 2075 7365 6420 6361 mages it used ca\n-0001e4d0: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6163 742e 2020 nnot be exact. \n-0001e4e0: 4e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 2c20 4752 Nevertheless, GR\n-0001e4f0: 5542 204c 6567 6163 790a 7573 6572 7320 UB Legacy.users \n-0001e500: 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 6b20 7175 6573 7469 often ask questi\n-0001e510: 6f6e 7320 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 ons in the terms\n-0001e520: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6661 6d69 6c69 they are famili\n-0001e530: 6172 2077 6974 682c 2061 6e64 2073 6f0a ar with, and so.\n-0001e540: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6272 6965 6620 here is a brief \n-0001e550: 6775 6964 6520 746f 2068 6f77 2047 5255 guide to how GRU\n-0001e560: 4220 3227 7320 696d 6167 6573 2072 656c B 2's images rel\n-0001e570: 6174 6520 746f 2074 6861 742e 0a0a e280 ate to that.....\n-0001e580: 9873 7461 6765 31e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .stage1.... \n-0001e590: 5374 6167 6520 3120 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 Stage 1 from GRU\n-0001e5a0: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2077 6173 2076 6572 B Legacy was ver\n-0001e5b0: 7920 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 y similar to ...\n-0001e5c0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e 2047 boot.img... in G\n-0001e5d0: 5255 4220 322c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 RUB 2,. and \n-0001e5e0: 7468 6579 2073 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 they serve the s\n-0001e5f0: 616d 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0ae2 ame function....\n-0001e600: 8098 2a5f 7374 6167 6531 5f35 e280 990a ..*_stage1_5....\n-0001e610: 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 204c 6567 In GRUB Leg\n-0001e620: 6163 792c 2053 7461 6765 2031 2e35 2773 acy, Stage 1.5's\n-0001e630: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 746f function was to\n-0001e640: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2065 6e6f 7567 680a include enough.\n-0001e650: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 filesystem \n-0001e660: 636f 6465 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 code to allow th\n-0001e670: 6520 6d75 6368 206c 6172 6765 7220 5374 e much larger St\n-0001e680: 6167 6520 3220 746f 2062 6520 7265 6164 age 2 to be read\n-0001e690: 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 from an. or\n-0001e6a0: 6469 6e61 7279 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 dinary filesyste\n-0001e6b0: 6d2e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 7265 7370 m. In this resp\n-0001e6c0: 6563 742c 2069 7473 2066 756e 6374 696f ect, its functio\n-0001e6d0: 6e20 7761 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f n was similar to\n-0001e6e0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d . ...core.im\n-0001e6f0: 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2e20 g... in GRUB 2. \n-0001e700: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 e280 9863 6f72 However, ...cor\n-0001e710: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6d75 6368 e.img... is much\n-0001e720: 206d 6f72 6520 6361 7061 626c 650a 2020 more capable. \n-0001e730: 2020 2074 6861 6e20 5374 6167 6520 312e than Stage 1.\n-0001e740: 3520 7761 733b 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 5 was; since it \n-0001e750: 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 offers a rescue \n-0001e760: 7368 656c 6c2c 2069 7420 6973 2073 6f6d shell, it is som\n-0001e770: 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7373 etimes. poss\n-0001e780: 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 ible to recover \n-0001e790: 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 6520 manually in the \n-0001e7a0: 6576 656e 7420 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 event that it is\n-0001e7b0: 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 640a unable to load.\n-0001e7c0: 2020 2020 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d any other m\n-0001e7d0: 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d odules, for exam\n-0001e7e0: 706c 6520 6966 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ple if partition\n-0001e7f0: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2068 6176 6520 6368 numbers have ch\n-0001e800: 616e 6765 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 anged.. ...c\n-0001e810: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6275 ore.img... is bu\n-0001e820: 696c 7420 696e 2061 206d 6f72 6520 666c ilt in a more fl\n-0001e830: 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 2c20 616c 6c6f exible way, allo\n-0001e840: 7769 6e67 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a20 wing GRUB 2 to. \n-0001e850: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 support read\n-0001e860: 696e 6720 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d ing modules from\n-0001e870: 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 6469 736b 2074 advanced disk t\n-0001e880: 7970 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 204c 564d ypes such as LVM\n-0001e890: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4944 2e0a and. RAID..\n-0001e8a0: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 . GRUB Legac\n-0001e8b0: 7920 636f 756c 6420 7275 6e20 7769 7468 y could run with\n-0001e8c0: 206f 6e6c 7920 5374 6167 6520 3120 616e only Stage 1 an\n-0001e8d0: 6420 5374 6167 6520 3220 696e 2073 6f6d d Stage 2 in som\n-0001e8e0: 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 e limited. c\n-0001e8f0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2077 onfigurations, w\n-0001e900: 6869 6c65 2047 5255 4220 3220 7265 7175 hile GRUB 2 requ\n-0001e910: 6972 6573 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 ires ...core.img\n-0001e920: e280 9920 616e 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 2077 ... and cannot w\n-0001e930: 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 686f 7574 ork. without\n-0001e940: 2069 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 32e2 it......stage2.\n-0001e950: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2032 2068 ... GRUB 2 h\n-0001e960: 6173 206e 6f20 7369 6e67 6c65 2053 7461 as no single Sta\n-0001e970: 6765 2032 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2049 6e73 ge 2 image. Ins\n-0001e980: 7465 6164 2c20 6974 206c 6f61 6473 206d tead, it loads m\n-0001e990: 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 odules from. \n-0001e9a0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .../boot/grub..\n-0001e9b0: 9920 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e 0a0a . at run-time...\n-0001e9c0: e280 9873 7461 6765 325f 656c 746f 7269 ...stage2_eltori\n-0001e9d0: 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 to.... In GR\n-0001e9e0: 5542 2032 2c20 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 UB 2, images for\n-0001e9f0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4344 booting from CD\n-0001ea00: 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 6520 -ROM drives are \n-0001ea10: 6e6f 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 now. constru\n-0001ea20: 6374 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6364 cted using ...cd\n-0001ea30: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 boot.img... and \n-0001ea40: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 ...core.img..., \n-0001ea50: 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 making sure that\n-0001ea60: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 the. core i\n-0001ea70: 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 mage contains th\n-0001ea80: 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 e ...iso9660... \n-0001ea90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2075 module. It is u\n-0001eaa0: 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6573 7420 746f 0a20 sually best to. \n-0001eab0: 2020 2020 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 9867 use the ...g\n-0001eac0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 rub-mkrescue... \n-0001ead0: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 666f 7220 7468 6973 program for this\n-0001eae0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 e280 990a ......nbgrub....\n-0001eaf0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 6173 There is as\n-0001eb00: 2079 6574 206e 6f20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 yet no equivale\n-0001eb10: 6e74 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 nt for ...nbgrub\n-0001eb20: e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 323b 2069 ... in GRUB 2; i\n-0001eb30: 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 t was used. \n-0001eb40: 6279 2045 7468 6572 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 by Etherboot and\n-0001eb50: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 7477 some other netw\n-0001eb60: 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 ork boot loaders\n-0001eb70: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 6567 7275 62e2 8099 ......pxegrub...\n-0001eb80: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 322c . In GRUB 2,\n-0001eb90: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 5058 4520 images for PXE \n-0001eba0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 network booting \n-0001ebb0: 6172 6520 6e6f 7720 636f 6e73 7472 7563 are now construc\n-0001ebc0: 7465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 ted using. .\n-0001ebd0: 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 ..pxeboot.img...\n-0001ebe0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 and ...core.img\n-0001ebf0: e280 992c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 ..., making sure\n-0001ec00: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 that the core i\n-0001ec10: 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 mage. contai\n-0001ec20: 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7078 65e2 8099 ns the ...pxe...\n-0001ec30: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6d64 e280 and ...pxecmd..\n-0001ec40: 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 . modules. *Not\n-0001ec50: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-0001ec60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0001ec70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 Node: Core ima\n-0001ec80: 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 ge size limitati\n-0001ec90: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c 6573 on, Next: Files\n-0001eca0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496d ystem, Prev: Im\n-0001ecb0: 6167 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ages, Up: Top..\n-0001ecc0: 3132 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 12 Core image si\n-0001ecd0: 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a ze limitation.**\n-0001ece0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001ecf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a48 6561 ***********..Hea\n-0001ed00: 7669 6c79 206c 696d 6974 6564 2070 6c61 vily limited pla\n-0001ed10: 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 tforms:. ... i\n-0001ed20: 3338 362d 7063 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 2061 386-pc (normal a\n-0001ed30: 6e64 2050 5845 293a 2074 6865 2063 6f72 nd PXE): the cor\n-0001ed40: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 2028 636f e image size (co\n-0001ed50: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 mpressed) is. \n-0001ed60: 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2034 3538 limited by 458\n-0001ed70: 3234 3020 6279 7465 732e 2020 6b65 726e 240 bytes. kern\n-0001ed80: 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 el.img (.text + \n-0001ed90: 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2c0a 2020 .data + .bss,. \n-0001eda0: 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 uncompressed)\n-0001edb0: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2033 is limited by 3\n-0001edc0: 3932 3730 3420 6279 7465 732e 2020 6d6f 92704 bytes. mo\n-0001edd0: 6475 6c65 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 2028 dule size. 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(.text +\n-0001f380: 202e 6461 7461 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 .data) + module\n-0001f390: 7320 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 s is limited by \n-0001f3a0: 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 the space from 8\n-0001f3b0: 3032 3030 3030 300a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 0200000. for\n-0001f3c0: 7761 7264 2063 6f72 652e 696d 6720 2866 ward core.img (f\n-0001f3d0: 696e 616c 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 inal) is limited\n-0001f3e0: 2062 7920 666c 6173 6820 7369 7a65 2028 by flash size (\n-0001f3f0: 3531 324b 206f 6e20 7965 656c 6f6f 6e67 512K on yeeloong\n-0001f400: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6675 6c6f 6f6f . and fulooo\n-0001f410: 6e67 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 732d ng). ... mips-\n-0001f420: 6172 633a 2069 6620 756e 636f 6d70 7265 arc: if uncompre\n-0001f430: 7373 6564 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 ssed: kernel.img\n-0001f440: 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 (.text + .data)\n-0001f450: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 0a20 is limited by. \n-0001f460: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 the space fr\n-0001f470: 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 om 8bd00000 forw\n-0001f480: 6172 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b20 6475 ard modules + du\n-0001f490: 6d6d 7920 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 mmy decompressor\n-0001f4a0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 is. limited\n-0001f4b0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 by the space fr\n-0001f4c0: 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 6261 636b om 8bd00000 back\n-0001f4d0: 7761 7264 2069 6620 636f 6d70 7265 7373 ward if compress\n-0001f4e0: 6564 3a0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e ed:. kernel.\n-0001f4f0: 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 img (.text + .da\n-0001f500: 7461 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 ta, uncompressed\n-0001f510: 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 ) is limited by \n-0001f520: 7468 6520 7370 6163 650a 2020 2020 2066 the space. f\n-0001f530: 726f 6d20 3862 6430 3030 3030 2066 6f72 rom 8bd00000 for\n-0001f540: 7761 7264 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 756e ward modules (un\n-0001f550: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 286d compressed) + (m\n-0001f560: 6f64 756c 6573 202b 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 odules +. ke\n-0001f570: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 rnel.img (.text \n-0001f580: 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2920 2863 6f6d 7072 + .data)) (compr\n-0001f590: 6573 7365 642c 2061 6c69 676e 6564 2074 essed, aligned t\n-0001f5a0: 6f20 314d 2920 2b20 314d 0a20 2020 2020 o 1M) + 1M. \n-0001f5b0: 2864 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 2b20 (decompressor + \n-0001f5c0: 7363 7261 7463 6820 7370 6163 6529 2069 scratch space) i\n-0001f5d0: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 s limited by the\n-0001f5e0: 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 space from. \n-0001f5f0: 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 6261 636b 7761 8bd00000 backwa\n-0001f600: 7264 0a20 2020 e280 a220 706f 7765 7270 rd. ... powerp\n-0001f610: 632d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 726e c-ieee1275: kern\n-0001f620: 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 el.img (.text + \n-0001f630: 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 .data + .bss) + \n-0001f640: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 modules is. \n-0001f650: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 limited by space\n-0001f660: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 available at 0x\n-0001f670: 3230 3030 3030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 200000....File: \n-0001f680: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0001f690: 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 204e : Filesystem, N\n-0001f6a0: 6578 743a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 ext: Interface, \n-0001f6b0: 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 Prev: Core imag\n-0001f6c0: 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e size limitatio\n-0001f6d0: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3320 n, Up: Top..13 \n-0001f6e0: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e 7461 Filesystem synta\n-0001f6f0: 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 730a x and semantics.\n-0001f700: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001d140: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001d150: 0a0a 536f 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7020 7665 ..Some laptop ve\n+0001d160: 6e64 6f72 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6520 616e ndors provide an\n+0001d170: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 706f 7765 additional powe\n+0001d180: 722d 6f6e 2062 7574 746f 6e20 7768 6963 r-on button whic\n+0001d190: 6820 626f 6f74 730a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 h boots.another \n+0001d1a0: 4f53 2e20 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 OS. GRUB support\n+0001d1b0: 7320 7375 6368 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2077 s such buttons w\n+0001d1c0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 9847 5255 425f ith the ...GRUB_\n+0001d1d0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 TIMEOUT_BUTTON..\n+0001d1e0: 992c 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f .,....GRUB_TIMEO\n+0001d1f0: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 UT_STYLE_BUTTON.\n+0001d200: 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 .., ...GRUB_DEFA\n+0001d210: 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 2061 ULT_BUTTON..., a\n+0001d220: 6e64 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f nd....GRUB_BUTTO\n+0001d230: 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 N_CMOS_ADDRESS..\n+0001d240: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2064 . variables in d\n+0001d250: 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 6220 282a 6e6f efault/grub (*no\n+0001d260: 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple.config\n+0001d270: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 uration::). ...\n+0001d280: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 GRUB_TIMEOUT_BUT\n+0001d290: 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f TON..., ...GRUB_\n+0001d2a0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 TIMEOUT_STYLE_BU\n+0001d2b0: 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 TTON...,.and ...\n+0001d2c0: 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 GRUB_DEFAULT_BUT\n+0001d2d0: 544f 4ee2 8099 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 TON... are used \n+0001d2e0: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 instead of the c\n+0001d2f0: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 0a76 6172 orresponding.var\n+0001d300: 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 iables without t\n+0001d310: 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 he ..._BUTTON...\n+0001d320: 2073 7566 6669 7820 7768 656e 2070 6f77 suffix when pow\n+0001d330: 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 ered on using th\n+0001d340: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c0a 6275 7474 6f6e e special.button\n+0001d350: 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f . ...GRUB_BUTTO\n+0001d360: 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 N_CMOS_ADDRESS..\n+0001d370: 9920 6973 2076 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 . is vendor-spec\n+0001d380: 6966 6963 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 616c ific and partial\n+0001d390: 6c79 0a6d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 ly.model-specifi\n+0001d3a0: 632e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206b 6e6f 776e c. Values known\n+0001d3b0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 6561 to the GRUB tea\n+0001d3c0: 6d20 6172 653a 0a0a 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 m are:... 1\n+0001d3e0: 3231 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 21:3.. 85:3.\n+0001d400: 3c44 656c 6c20 4c61 7469 7475 6465 2045 . 85:3.\n+0001d420: 3c41 7375 7320 4565 6550 4320 3130 3035 . 84:1 (u\n+0001d440: 6e63 6f6e 6669 726d 6564 290a 3c4c 454e nconfirmed).. \n+0001d470: 2020 2031 3031 3a33 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 101:3.. To \n+0001d480: 7461 6b65 2066 756c 6c20 6164 7661 6e74 take full advant\n+0001d490: 6167 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6675 6e63 age of this func\n+0001d4a0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 tion, install GR\n+0001d4b0: 5542 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4d42 520a UB into the MBR.\n+0001d4c0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e (*note Installin\n+0001d4d0: 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 g GRUB using gru\n+0001d4e0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 b-install::)... \n+0001d4f0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 If you have a \n+0001d500: 6c61 7074 6f70 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 laptop which has\n+0001d510: 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 6561 7475 a similar featu\n+0001d520: 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 2069 6e20 7468 re and not in th\n+0001d530: 6520 6162 6f76 650a 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 e above.list cou\n+0001d540: 6c64 2079 6f75 2066 6967 7572 6520 796f ld you figure yo\n+0001d550: 7572 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2063 ur address and c\n+0001d560: 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 653f 2020 546f 2064 ontribute? To d\n+0001d570: 6973 636f 7665 7220 7468 650a 6164 6472 iscover the.addr\n+0001d580: 6573 7320 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ess do the follo\n+0001d590: 7769 6e67 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f wing:. ... boo\n+0001d5a0: 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 e280 t normally. ..\n+0001d5b0: a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 . sudo modp\n+0001d5c0: 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 robe nvram. \n+0001d5d0: 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 sudo cat /d\n+0001d5e0: 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e ev/nvram | xxd >\n+0001d5f0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6275 7474 6f6e 2e74 normal_button.t\n+0001d600: 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 2075 xt. ... boot u\n+0001d610: 7369 6e67 2076 656e 646f 7220 6275 7474 sing vendor butt\n+0001d620: 6f6e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 on. ... s\n+0001d630: 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 udo modprobe nvr\n+0001d640: 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 am. sud\n+0001d650: 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d o cat /dev/nvram\n+0001d660: 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f | xxd > normal_\n+0001d670: 7665 6e64 6f72 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2054 vendor.txt.. T\n+0001d680: 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6573 hen compare thes\n+0001d690: 6520 7465 7874 2066 696c 6573 2061 6e64 e text files and\n+0001d6a0: 2066 696e 6420 7768 6572 6520 6120 6269 find where a bi\n+0001d6b0: 7420 7761 7320 746f 6767 6c65 642e 2020 t was toggled. \n+0001d6c0: 452e 672e 0a69 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 E.g..in case of \n+0001d6d0: 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 2069 7420 7761 733a Dell XPS it was:\n+0001d6e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6279 7465 2030 7834 373a . byte 0x47:\n+0001d6f0: 2032 3020 2d2d 3e20 3238 0a20 2020 4974 20 --> 28. It\n+0001d700: 2773 2061 2062 6974 206e 756d 6265 7220 's a bit number \n+0001d710: 3320 6173 2073 6565 6e20 6672 6f6d 2066 3 as seen from f\n+0001d720: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a ollowing table:.\n+0001d730: 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 0 0\n+0001d740: 310a 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 1.1 \n+0001d750: 2030 320a 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 02.2 \n+0001d760: 2020 2030 340a 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n+0001d770: 2020 2020 2030 380a 3420 2020 2020 2020 08.4 \n+0001d780: 2020 2020 2020 2031 300a 3520 2020 2020 10.5 \n+0001d790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 300a 3620 2020 20.6 \n+0001d7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 300a 3720 40.7 \n+0001d7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 300a 80.\n+0001d7c0: 0a20 2020 3078 3437 2069 7320 6465 6369 . 0x47 is deci\n+0001d7d0: 6d61 6c20 3731 2e20 204c 696e 7578 206e mal 71. Linux n\n+0001d7e0: 7672 616d 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 vram implementat\n+0001d7f0: 696f 6e20 6375 7473 2066 6972 7374 2031 ion cuts first 1\n+0001d800: 3420 6279 7465 730a 6f66 2043 4d4f 532e 4 bytes.of CMOS.\n+0001d810: 2053 6f20 7468 6520 7265 616c 2062 7974 So the real byt\n+0001d820: 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 696e 2043 4d4f e address in CMO\n+0001d830: 5320 6973 2037 312b 3134 3d38 3520 536f S is 71+14=85 So\n+0001d840: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 650a 6164 6472 6573 complete.addres\n+0001d850: 7320 6973 2038 353a 330a 0a1f 0a46 696c s is 85:3....Fil\n+0001d860: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0001d870: 6f64 653a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 4e65 ode: Images, Ne\n+0001d880: 7874 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 xt: Core image s\n+0001d890: 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 ize limitation, \n+0001d8a0: 2050 7265 763a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f Prev: Vendor po\n+0001d8b0: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5570 wer-on keys, Up\n+0001d8c0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3120 4752 5542 2069 : Top..11 GRUB i\n+0001d8d0: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a mage files.*****\n+0001d8e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+0001d8f0: 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 7320 6f66 GRUB consists of\n+0001d900: 2073 6576 6572 616c 2069 6d61 6765 733a several images:\n+0001d910: 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 626f a variety of bo\n+0001d920: 6f74 7374 7261 7020 696d 6167 6573 2066 otstrap images f\n+0001d930: 6f72 0a73 7461 7274 696e 6720 4752 5542 or.starting GRUB\n+0001d940: 2069 6e20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7761 7973 in various ways\n+0001d950: 2c20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 , a kernel image\n+0001d960: 2c20 616e 6420 6120 7365 7420 6f66 206d , and a set of m\n+0001d970: 6f64 756c 6573 0a77 6869 6368 2061 7265 odules.which are\n+0001d980: 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 6420 7769 7468 2074 combined with t\n+0001d990: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 he kernel image \n+0001d9a0: 746f 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 636f 7265 2069 to form a core i\n+0001d9b0: 6d61 6765 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 0a61 mage. Here is.a\n+0001d9c0: 2073 686f 7274 206f 7665 7276 6965 7720 short overview \n+0001d9d0: 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a e280 9862 6f6f of them......boo\n+0001d9e0: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e t.img.... On\n+0001d9f0: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 PC BIOS systems\n+0001da00: 2c20 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 , this image is \n+0001da10: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 206f the first part o\n+0001da20: 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 6172 742e f GRUB to start.\n+0001da30: 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 7772 6974 . It is writ\n+0001da40: 7465 6e20 746f 2061 206d 6173 7465 7220 ten to a master \n+0001da50: 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 boot record (MBR\n+0001da60: 2920 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 ) or to the boot\n+0001da70: 2073 6563 746f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 sector. of \n+0001da80: 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4265 a partition. Be\n+0001da90: 6361 7573 6520 6120 5043 2062 6f6f 7420 cause a PC boot \n+0001daa0: 7365 6374 6f72 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 sector is 512 by\n+0001dab0: 7465 732c 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 tes, the size of\n+0001dac0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 . this image\n+0001dad0: 2069 7320 6578 6163 746c 7920 3531 3220 is exactly 512 \n+0001dae0: 6279 7465 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 bytes... The\n+0001daf0: 2073 6f6c 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206f sole function o\n+0001db00: 6620 e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 f ...boot.img...\n+0001db10: 2069 7320 746f 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 is to read the \n+0001db20: 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 first sector of \n+0001db30: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 696d the. core im\n+0001db40: 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 206c 6f63 616c age from a local\n+0001db50: 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 2074 disk and jump t\n+0001db60: 6f20 6974 2e20 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f o it. Because o\n+0001db70: 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 f the size. \n+0001db80: 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e2c 20e2 8098 restriction, ...\n+0001db90: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e6e boot.img... cann\n+0001dba0: 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 616e ot understand an\n+0001dbb0: 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 y file system. \n+0001dbc0: 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2c20 736f structure, so\n+0001dbd0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+0001dbe0: e280 9920 6861 7264 636f 6465 7320 7468 ... hardcodes th\n+0001dbf0: 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 e location of th\n+0001dc00: 6520 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 2073 6563 e first. sec\n+0001dc10: 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 tor of the core \n+0001dc20: 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 20e2 8098 626f image into ...bo\n+0001dc30: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7768 656e 2069 ot.img... when i\n+0001dc40: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2e0a nstalling GRUB..\n+0001dc50: 0ae2 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ....diskboot.img\n+0001dc60: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d .... This im\n+0001dc70: 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 age is used as t\n+0001dc80: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 he first sector \n+0001dc90: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n+0001dca0: 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 e when. boot\n+0001dcb0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2068 6172 6420 ing from a hard \n+0001dcc0: 6469 736b 2e20 2049 7420 7265 6164 7320 disk. It reads \n+0001dcd0: 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 the rest of the \n+0001dce0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f0a core image into.\n+0001dcf0: 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 616e 6420 memory and \n+0001dd00: 7374 6172 7473 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 starts the kerne\n+0001dd10: 6c2e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 6669 6c65 2073 l. Since file s\n+0001dd20: 7973 7465 6d20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2069 ystem handling i\n+0001dd30: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2079 6574 2061 s not. yet a\n+0001dd40: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 2065 6e63 vailable, it enc\n+0001dd50: 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f odes the locatio\n+0001dd60: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d n of the core im\n+0001dd70: 6167 6520 7573 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 age using a. \n+0001dd80: 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 666f 726d block list form\n+0001dd90: 6174 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 at......cdboot.i\n+0001dda0: 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 mg.... This \n+0001ddb0: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 image is used as\n+0001ddc0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f the first secto\n+0001ddd0: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d r of the core im\n+0001dde0: 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f age when. bo\n+0001ddf0: 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d oting from a CD-\n+0001de00: 524f 4d20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4974 2070 ROM drive. It p\n+0001de10: 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7369 6d69 6c61 erforms a simila\n+0001de20: 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 r function to. \n+0001de30: 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 ...diskboot.i\n+0001de40: 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9870 7865 626f mg.........pxebo\n+0001de50: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ot.img.... T\n+0001de60: 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 his image is use\n+0001de70: 6420 6173 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f d as the start o\n+0001de80: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 f the core image\n+0001de90: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 when booting fr\n+0001dea0: 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6e65 7477 om. the netw\n+0001deb0: 6f72 6b20 7573 696e 6720 5058 452e 202a ork using PXE. *\n+0001dec0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+0001ded0: 0ae2 8098 6c6e 7862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 ....lnxboot.img.\n+0001dee0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 ... This ima\n+0001def0: 6765 206d 6179 2062 6520 706c 6163 6564 ge may be placed\n+0001df00: 2061 7420 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 at the start of\n+0001df10: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n+0001df20: 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 in order to. \n+0001df30: 206d 616b 6520 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b20 make GRUB look \n+0001df40: 656e 6f75 6768 206c 696b 6520 6120 4c69 enough like a Li\n+0001df50: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6861 7420 nux kernel that \n+0001df60: 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 it can be booted\n+0001df70: 2062 790a 2020 2020 204c 494c 4f20 7573 by. LILO us\n+0001df80: 696e 6720 616e 20e2 8098 696d 6167 653d ing an ...image=\n+0001df90: e280 9920 7365 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 ... section.....\n+0001dfa0: 986b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 .kernel.img.... \n+0001dfb0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2063 This image c\n+0001dfc0: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 4752 5542 2773 2062 ontains GRUB's b\n+0001dfd0: 6173 6963 2072 756e 2d74 696d 6520 6661 asic run-time fa\n+0001dfe0: 6369 6c69 7469 6573 3a20 6672 616d 6577 cilities: framew\n+0001dff0: 6f72 6b73 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 6465 orks. for de\n+0001e000: 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 6861 vice and file ha\n+0001e010: 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ndling, environm\n+0001e020: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2074 ent variables, t\n+0001e030: 6865 2072 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 206d he rescue. m\n+0001e040: 6f64 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ode command-line\n+0001e050: 2070 6172 7365 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 parser, and so \n+0001e060: 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6172 656c on. It is rarel\n+0001e070: 7920 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c y used directly,\n+0001e080: 0a20 2020 2020 6275 7420 6973 2062 7569 . but is bui\n+0001e090: 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 616c 6c20 636f 7265 lt into all core\n+0001e0a0: 2069 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a e280 9863 6f72 images......cor\n+0001e0b0: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 e.img.... Th\n+0001e0c0: 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 is is the core i\n+0001e0d0: 6d61 6765 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 4974 mage of GRUB. It\n+0001e0e0: 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 6479 6e61 6d69 is built dynami\n+0001e0f0: 6361 6c6c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 cally from the. \n+0001e100: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 kernel image\n+0001e110: 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 and an arbitrar\n+0001e120: 7920 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 y list of module\n+0001e130: 7320 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 s by the ...grub\n+0001e140: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 990a 2020 2020 -mkimage.... \n+0001e150: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2e20 2055 7375 616c program. Usual\n+0001e160: 6c79 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 ly, it contains \n+0001e170: 656e 6f75 6768 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 enough modules t\n+0001e180: 6f20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 e280 o access. ..\n+0001e190: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 ./boot/grub..., \n+0001e1a0: 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 7320 6576 6572 7974 and loads everyt\n+0001e1b0: 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 2869 6e63 6c75 hing else (inclu\n+0001e1c0: 6469 6e67 206d 656e 7520 6861 6e64 6c69 ding menu handli\n+0001e1d0: 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 6269 ng,. the abi\n+0001e1e0: 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 6172 lity to load tar\n+0001e1f0: 6765 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 get operating sy\n+0001e200: 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e stems, and so on\n+0001e210: 2920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ) from the. \n+0001e220: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2072 file system at r\n+0001e230: 756e 2d74 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6d6f un-time. The mo\n+0001e240: 6475 6c61 7220 6465 7369 676e 2061 6c6c dular design all\n+0001e250: 6f77 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 ows the core ima\n+0001e260: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2062 6520 6b65 ge. to be ke\n+0001e270: 7074 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 pt small, since \n+0001e280: 7468 6520 6172 6561 7320 6f66 2064 6973 the areas of dis\n+0001e290: 6b20 7768 6572 6520 6974 206d 7573 7420 k where it must \n+0001e2a0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 be. installe\n+0001e2b0: 6420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 2073 d are often as s\n+0001e2c0: 6d61 6c6c 2061 7320 3332 4b42 2e0a 0a20 mall as 32KB... \n+0001e2d0: 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 *Note BIOS i\n+0001e2e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2c 2066 nstallation::, f\n+0001e2f0: 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e20 7768 or details on wh\n+0001e300: 6572 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 ere the core ima\n+0001e310: 6765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2069 ge can. be i\n+0001e320: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 5043 2073 nstalled on PC s\n+0001e330: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a2e 6d6f ystems......*.mo\n+0001e340: 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4576 6572 7974 d.... Everyt\n+0001e350: 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 696e 2047 5255 hing else in GRU\n+0001e360: 4220 7265 7369 6465 7320 696e 2064 796e B resides in dyn\n+0001e370: 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6461 626c amically loadabl\n+0001e380: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 e modules.. \n+0001e390: 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 These are often \n+0001e3a0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 loaded automatic\n+0001e3b0: 616c 6c79 2c20 6f72 2062 7569 6c74 2069 ally, or built i\n+0001e3c0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 nto the core ima\n+0001e3d0: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2074 6865 7920 ge. if they \n+0001e3e0: 6172 6520 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2c 2062 are essential, b\n+0001e3f0: 7574 206d 6179 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 206c ut may also be l\n+0001e400: 6f61 6465 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2075 oaded manually u\n+0001e410: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 sing the. ..\n+0001e420: 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 .insmod... comma\n+0001e430: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 nd (*note insmod\n+0001e440: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 466f 7220 4752 5542 204c ::)...For GRUB L\n+0001e450: 6567 6163 7920 7573 6572 730a 3d3d 3d3d egacy users.====\n+0001e460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0001e470: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6861 7320 6120 =..GRUB 2 has a \n+0001e480: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6465 7369 676e different design\n+0001e490: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 from GRUB Legac\n+0001e4a0: 792c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 636f 7272 6573 y, and so corres\n+0001e4b0: 706f 6e64 656e 6365 730a 7769 7468 2074 pondences.with t\n+0001e4c0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6974 2075 7365 he images it use\n+0001e4d0: 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6163 d cannot be exac\n+0001e4e0: 742e 2020 4e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 t. Nevertheless\n+0001e4f0: 2c20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 790a 7573 , GRUB Legacy.us\n+0001e500: 6572 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 6b20 7175 ers often ask qu\n+0001e510: 6573 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2074 6865 2074 estions in the t\n+0001e520: 6572 6d73 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6661 erms they are fa\n+0001e530: 6d69 6c69 6172 2077 6974 682c 2061 6e64 miliar with, and\n+0001e540: 2073 6f0a 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6272 so.here is a br\n+0001e550: 6965 6620 6775 6964 6520 746f 2068 6f77 ief guide to how\n+0001e560: 2047 5255 4220 3227 7320 696d 6167 6573 GRUB 2's images\n+0001e570: 2072 656c 6174 6520 746f 2074 6861 742e relate to that.\n+0001e580: 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 31e2 8099 0a20 .....stage1.... \n+0001e590: 2020 2020 5374 6167 6520 3120 6672 6f6d Stage 1 from\n+0001e5a0: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2077 6173 GRUB Legacy was\n+0001e5b0: 2076 6572 7920 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f very similar to\n+0001e5c0: 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...boot.img... \n+0001e5d0: 696e 2047 5255 4220 322c 0a20 2020 2020 in GRUB 2,. \n+0001e5e0: 616e 6420 7468 6579 2073 6572 7665 2074 and they serve t\n+0001e5f0: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e he same function\n+0001e600: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a5f 7374 6167 6531 5f35 ......*_stage1_5\n+0001e610: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 .... In GRUB\n+0001e620: 204c 6567 6163 792c 2053 7461 6765 2031 Legacy, Stage 1\n+0001e630: 2e35 2773 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 .5's function wa\n+0001e640: 7320 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2065 6e6f s to include eno\n+0001e650: 7567 680a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 ugh. filesys\n+0001e660: 7465 6d20 636f 6465 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f tem code to allo\n+0001e670: 7720 7468 6520 6d75 6368 206c 6172 6765 w the much large\n+0001e680: 7220 5374 6167 6520 3220 746f 2062 6520 r Stage 2 to be \n+0001e690: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 read from an. \n+0001e6a0: 2020 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2066 696c 6573 ordinary files\n+0001e6b0: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 ystem. In this \n+0001e6c0: 7265 7370 6563 742c 2069 7473 2066 756e respect, its fun\n+0001e6d0: 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 ction was simila\n+0001e6e0: 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 r to. ...cor\n+0001e6f0: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 e.img... in GRUB\n+0001e700: 2032 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 e280 2. However, ..\n+0001e710: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 .core.img... is \n+0001e720: 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6361 7061 626c much more capabl\n+0001e730: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 5374 6167 e. than Stag\n+0001e740: 6520 312e 3520 7761 733b 2073 696e 6365 e 1.5 was; since\n+0001e750: 2069 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 it offers a res\n+0001e760: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2069 7420 6973 cue shell, it is\n+0001e770: 2073 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 sometimes. \n+0001e780: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 636f possible to reco\n+0001e790: 7665 7220 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 ver manually in \n+0001e7a0: 7468 6520 6576 656e 7420 7468 6174 2069 the event that i\n+0001e7b0: 7420 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 206c t is unable to l\n+0001e7c0: 6f61 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e79 206f 7468 oad. any oth\n+0001e7d0: 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 666f 7220 er modules, for \n+0001e7e0: 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 2070 6172 7469 example if parti\n+0001e7f0: 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2068 6176 tion numbers hav\n+0001e800: 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e changed.. \n+0001e810: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 ...core.img... i\n+0001e820: 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 2061 206d 6f72 s built in a mor\n+0001e830: 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 2c20 e flexible way, \n+0001e840: 616c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2047 5255 4220 3220 allowing GRUB 2 \n+0001e850: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7420 to. support \n+0001e860: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 reading modules \n+0001e870: 6672 6f6d 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 6469 from advanced di\n+0001e880: 736b 2074 7970 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 sk types such as\n+0001e890: 204c 564d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5241 LVM and. RA\n+0001e8a0: 4944 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 204c ID... GRUB L\n+0001e8b0: 6567 6163 7920 636f 756c 6420 7275 6e20 egacy could run \n+0001e8c0: 7769 7468 206f 6e6c 7920 5374 6167 6520 with only Stage \n+0001e8d0: 3120 616e 6420 5374 6167 6520 3220 696e 1 and Stage 2 in\n+0001e8e0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 some limited. \n+0001e8f0: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e configuration\n+0001e900: 732c 2077 6869 6c65 2047 5255 4220 3220 s, while GRUB 2 \n+0001e910: 7265 7175 6972 6573 20e2 8098 636f 7265 requires ...core\n+0001e920: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 6361 6e6e .img... and cann\n+0001e930: 6f74 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 ot work. wit\n+0001e940: 686f 7574 2069 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 hout it......sta\n+0001e950: 6765 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 ge2.... GRUB\n+0001e960: 2032 2068 6173 206e 6f20 7369 6e67 6c65 2 has no single\n+0001e970: 2053 7461 6765 2032 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 Stage 2 image. \n+0001e980: 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 6974 206c 6f61 Instead, it loa\n+0001e990: 6473 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d0a ds modules from.\n+0001e9a0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 .../boot/gr\n+0001e9b0: 7562 e280 9920 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d ub... at run-tim\n+0001e9c0: 652e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 325f 656c e......stage2_el\n+0001e9d0: 746f 7269 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 torito.... I\n+0001e9e0: 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 696d 6167 6573 n GRUB 2, images\n+0001e9f0: 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f for booting fro\n+0001ea00: 6d20 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 7320 m CD-ROM drives \n+0001ea10: 6172 6520 6e6f 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e are now. con\n+0001ea20: 7374 7275 6374 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 structed using .\n+0001ea30: 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ..cdboot.img... \n+0001ea40: 616e 6420 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 and ...core.img.\n+0001ea50: 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 6520 .., making sure \n+0001ea60: 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f that the. co\n+0001ea70: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 696e re image contain\n+0001ea80: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 s the ...iso9660\n+0001ea90: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2049 7420 ... module. It \n+0001eaa0: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6573 7420 is usually best \n+0001eab0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 7468 6520 to. use the \n+0001eac0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ...grub-mkrescue\n+0001ead0: e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 666f 7220 ... program for \n+0001eae0: 7468 6973 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 this......nbgrub\n+0001eaf0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 2069 .... There i\n+0001eb00: 7320 6173 2079 6574 206e 6f20 6571 7569 s as yet no equi\n+0001eb10: 7661 6c65 6e74 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6e62 valent for ...nb\n+0001eb20: 6772 7562 e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 grub... in GRUB \n+0001eb30: 323b 2069 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2; it was used. \n+0001eb40: 2020 2020 6279 2045 7468 6572 626f 6f74 by Etherboot\n+0001eb50: 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 and some other \n+0001eb60: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 network boot loa\n+0001eb70: 6465 7273 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 6567 7275 ders......pxegru\n+0001eb80: 62e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 b.... In GRU\n+0001eb90: 4220 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 B 2, images for \n+0001eba0: 5058 4520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 PXE network boot\n+0001ebb0: 696e 6720 6172 6520 6e6f 7720 636f 6e73 ing are now cons\n+0001ebc0: 7472 7563 7465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 tructed using. \n+0001ebd0: 2020 20e2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e 696d ...pxeboot.im\n+0001ebe0: 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 636f 7265 g... and ...core\n+0001ebf0: 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 206d 616b 696e 6720 .img..., making \n+0001ec00: 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f sure that the co\n+0001ec10: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 636f re image. co\n+0001ec20: 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7078 ntains the ...px\n+0001ec30: 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7078 6563 e... and ...pxec\n+0001ec40: 6d64 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 2020 md... modules. \n+0001ec50: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+0001ec60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0001ec70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7265 nfo, Node: Core\n+0001ec80: 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 image size limi\n+0001ec90: 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 tation, Next: F\n+0001eca0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 ilesystem, Prev\n+0001ecb0: 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 : Images, Up: T\n+0001ecc0: 6f70 0a0a 3132 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 op..12 Core imag\n+0001ecd0: 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e size limitatio\n+0001ece0: 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n.**************\n+0001ecf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+0001ed00: 0a48 6561 7669 6c79 206c 696d 6974 6564 .Heavily limited\n+0001ed10: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a 2020 20e2 platforms:. .\n+0001ed20: 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 2028 6e6f 726d .. i386-pc (norm\n+0001ed30: 616c 2061 6e64 2050 5845 293a 2074 6865 al and PXE): the\n+0001ed40: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 core image size\n+0001ed50: 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 (compressed) is\n+0001ed60: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 . limited by\n+0001ed70: 2034 3538 3234 3020 6279 7465 732e 2020 458240 bytes. \n+0001ed80: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n+0001ed90: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 t + .data + .bss\n+0001eda0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 ,. uncompres\n+0001edb0: 7365 6429 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 sed) is limited \n+0001edc0: 6279 2033 3932 3730 3420 6279 7465 732e by 392704 bytes.\n+0001edd0: 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 697a 650a 2020 module size. \n+0001ede0: 2020 2028 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 (uncompressed\n+0001edf0: 2920 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 ) + kernel.img (\n+0001ee00: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c 2075 .text + .data, u\n+0001ee10: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a ncompressed) is.\n+0001ee20: 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 limited by \n+0001ee30: 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 6620 636f 6e74 the size of cont\n+0001ee40: 6967 756f 7573 2063 6875 6e6b 2061 7420 iguous chunk at \n+0001ee50: 314d 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 2020 20e2 1M address.. .\n+0001ee60: 80a2 2073 7061 7263 3634 2d69 6565 6531 .. sparc64-ieee1\n+0001ee70: 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 275: kernel.img \n+0001ee80: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b (.text + .data +\n+0001ee90: 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 .bss) + modules\n+0001eea0: 202b 0a20 2020 2020 3235 364b 2028 7374 +. 256K (st\n+0001eeb0: 6163 6b29 202b 2032 4d20 2868 6561 7029 ack) + 2M (heap)\n+0001eec0: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2073 is limited by s\n+0001eed0: 7061 6365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 pace available a\n+0001eee0: 7420 3078 3434 3030 2e0a 2020 2020 204f t 0x4400.. O\n+0001eef0: 6e20 6d6f 7374 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 n most platforms\n+0001ef00: 2069 7427 7320 6a75 7374 2033 206f 7220 it's just 3 or \n+0001ef10: 344d 2073 696e 6365 2069 6565 6531 3237 4M since ieee127\n+0001ef20: 3520 6d61 7073 206f 6e6c 7920 736f 0a20 5 maps only so. \n+0001ef30: 2020 2020 6d75 6368 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 much.. ...\n+0001ef40: 2069 3338 362d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 i386-ieee1275: \n+0001ef50: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n+0001ef60: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 t + .data + .bss\n+0001ef70: 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 ) + modules is. \n+0001ef80: 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 206d limited by m\n+0001ef90: 656d 6f72 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 emory available \n+0001efa0: 6174 2030 7831 3030 3030 2c20 6174 206d at 0x10000, at m\n+0001efb0: 6f73 7420 3539 364b 0a0a 2020 204c 6967 ost 596K.. Lig\n+0001efc0: 6874 6c79 206c 696d 6974 6564 2070 6c61 htly limited pla\n+0001efd0: 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tforms:.. ... \n+0001efe0: 2a2d 7865 6e3a 206c 696d 6974 6564 206f *-xen: limited o\n+0001eff0: 6e6c 7920 6279 2061 6472 6573 7320 7370 nly by adress sp\n+0001f000: 6163 6520 616e 6420 5241 4d20 7369 7a65 ace and RAM size\n+0001f010: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7165 .. ... i386-qe\n+0001f020: 6d75 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 mu: kernel.img (\n+0001f030: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 .text + .data + \n+0001f040: 2e62 7373 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 .bss) is limited\n+0001f050: 2062 7920 3339 3237 3034 0a20 2020 2020 by 392704. \n+0001f060: 6279 7465 732e 2020 2863 6f72 652e 696d bytes. (core.im\n+0001f070: 6720 776f 756c 6420 6265 206c 696d 6974 g would be limit\n+0001f080: 6564 2062 7920 524f 4d20 7369 7a65 2062 ed by ROM size b\n+0001f090: 7574 2069 7427 7320 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 ut it's unlimite\n+0001f0a0: 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e20 7165 6d75 0a20 d. on qemu. \n+0001f0b0: 2020 e280 a220 416c 6c20 4546 4920 706c ... All EFI pl\n+0001f0c0: 6174 666f 726d 733a 206c 696d 6974 6564 atforms: limited\n+0001f0d0: 2062 7920 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2052 by contiguous R\n+0001f0e0: 414d 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 706f 7373 AM size and poss\n+0001f0f0: 6962 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 ibly. firmwa\n+0001f100: 7265 2062 7567 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 re bugs. ... C\n+0001f110: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 oreboot and mult\n+0001f120: 6962 6f6f 742e 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 iboot. kernel.i\n+0001f130: 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 mg (.text + .dat\n+0001f140: 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 6973 0a20 2020 a + .bss) is. \n+0001f150: 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2033 3932 limited by 392\n+0001f160: 3730 3420 6279 7465 732e 2020 6d6f 6475 704 bytes. modu\n+0001f170: 6c65 2073 697a 6520 6973 206c 696d 6974 le size is limit\n+0001f180: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f ed by the size o\n+0001f190: 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 f. contiguou\n+0001f1a0: 7320 6368 756e 6b20 6174 2031 4d20 6164 s chunk at 1M ad\n+0001f1b0: 6472 6573 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 dress.. ... mi\n+0001f1c0: 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2845 psel-loongson (E\n+0001f1d0: 4c46 292c 206d 6970 7328 656c 292d 7165 LF), mips(el)-qe\n+0001f1e0: 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 2845 4c46 293a 2069 mu_mips (ELF): i\n+0001f1f0: 6620 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 3a0a f uncompressed:.\n+0001f200: 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 kernel.img \n+0001f210: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 (.text + .data) \n+0001f220: 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 206c 696d + modules is lim\n+0001f230: 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 ited by the spac\n+0001f240: 6520 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 3830 3230 e from. 8020\n+0001f250: 3030 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 2069 6620 0000 forward if \n+0001f260: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 3a20 6b65 726e compressed: kern\n+0001f270: 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 el.img (.text + \n+0001f280: 2e64 6174 612c 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f .data,. unco\n+0001f290: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 mpressed) + modu\n+0001f2a0: 6c65 7320 2875 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 les (uncompresse\n+0001f2b0: 6429 202b 2028 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b20 d) + (modules + \n+0001f2c0: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 0a20 2020 2020 kernel.img. \n+0001f2d0: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2929 (.text + .data))\n+0001f2e0: 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 (compressed) + \n+0001f2f0: 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 2069 7320 decompressor is \n+0001f300: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 0a20 limited by the. \n+0001f310: 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 space from 8\n+0001f320: 3032 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 6172 640a 0200000 forward.\n+0001f330: 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f ... mipsel-lo\n+0001f340: 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 466c 6173 6829 2c20 ongson (Flash), \n+0001f350: 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 mips(el)-qemu_mi\n+0001f360: 7073 2028 466c 6173 6829 3a20 6b65 726e ps (Flash): kern\n+0001f370: 656c 2e69 6d67 0a20 2020 2020 282e 7465 el.img. (.te\n+0001f380: 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 2b20 6d6f xt + .data) + mo\n+0001f390: 6475 6c65 7320 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 dules is limited\n+0001f3a0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 by the space fr\n+0001f3b0: 6f6d 2038 3032 3030 3030 300a 2020 2020 om 80200000. \n+0001f3c0: 2066 6f72 7761 7264 2063 6f72 652e 696d forward core.im\n+0001f3d0: 6720 2866 696e 616c 2920 6973 206c 696d g (final) is lim\n+0001f3e0: 6974 6564 2062 7920 666c 6173 6820 7369 ited by flash si\n+0001f3f0: 7a65 2028 3531 324b 206f 6e20 7965 656c ze (512K on yeel\n+0001f400: 6f6f 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6675 oong. and fu\n+0001f410: 6c6f 6f6f 6e67 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d looong). ... m\n+0001f420: 6970 732d 6172 633a 2069 6620 756e 636f ips-arc: if unco\n+0001f430: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 3a20 6b65 726e 656c mpressed: kernel\n+0001f440: 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 .img (.text + .d\n+0001f450: 6174 6129 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ata) is limited \n+0001f460: 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7370 6163 by. the spac\n+0001f470: 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 e from 8bd00000 \n+0001f480: 666f 7277 6172 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 forward modules \n+0001f490: 2b20 6475 6d6d 7920 6465 636f 6d70 7265 + dummy decompre\n+0001f4a0: 7373 6f72 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d ssor is. lim\n+0001f4b0: 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 ited by the spac\n+0001f4c0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 e from 8bd00000 \n+0001f4d0: 6261 636b 7761 7264 2069 6620 636f 6d70 backward if comp\n+0001f4e0: 7265 7373 6564 3a0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 ressed:. ker\n+0001f4f0: 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b nel.img (.text +\n+0001f500: 202e 6461 7461 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 7265 .data, uncompre\n+0001f510: 7373 6564 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 ssed) is limited\n+0001f520: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 650a 2020 by the space. \n+0001f530: 2020 2066 726f 6d20 3862 6430 3030 3030 from 8bd00000\n+0001f540: 2066 6f72 7761 7264 206d 6f64 756c 6573 forward modules\n+0001f550: 2028 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 (uncompressed) \n+0001f560: 2b20 286d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 0a20 2020 + (modules +. \n+0001f570: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 kernel.img (.t\n+0001f580: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2920 2863 ext + .data)) (c\n+0001f590: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 642c 2061 6c69 676e ompressed, align\n+0001f5a0: 6564 2074 6f20 314d 2920 2b20 314d 0a20 ed to 1M) + 1M. \n+0001f5b0: 2020 2020 2864 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f (decompresso\n+0001f5c0: 7220 2b20 7363 7261 7463 6820 7370 6163 r + scratch spac\n+0001f5d0: 6529 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 e) is limited by\n+0001f5e0: 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d0a the space from.\n+0001f5f0: 2020 2020 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 6261 8bd00000 ba\n+0001f600: 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 e280 a220 706f ckward. ... po\n+0001f610: 7765 7270 632d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 werpc-ieee1275: \n+0001f620: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n+0001f630: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 t + .data + .bss\n+0001f640: 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 ) + modules is. \n+0001f650: 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2073 limited by s\n+0001f660: 7061 6365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 pace available a\n+0001f670: 7420 3078 3230 3030 3030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 t 0x200000....Fi\n+0001f680: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0001f690: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Node: Filesystem\n+0001f6a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 , Next: Interfa\n+0001f6b0: 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f72 6520 ce, Prev: Core \n+0001f6c0: 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 image size limit\n+0001f6d0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a ation, Up: Top.\n+0001f6e0: 0a31 3320 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 .13 Filesystem s\n+0001f6f0: 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 yntax and semant\n+0001f700: 6963 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ics.************\n 0001f710: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001f720: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 **..GRUB uses a \n-0001f730: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7379 6e74 6178 2066 special syntax f\n-0001f740: 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6469 or specifying di\n-0001f750: 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 7768 6963 6820 sk drives which \n-0001f760: 6361 6e20 6265 0a61 6363 6573 7365 6420 can be.accessed \n-0001f770: 6279 2042 494f 532e 2042 6563 6175 7365 by BIOS. Because\n-0001f780: 206f 6620 4249 4f53 206c 696d 6974 6174 of BIOS limitat\n-0001f790: 696f 6e73 2c20 4752 5542 2063 616e 6e6f ions, GRUB canno\n-0001f7a0: 7420 6469 7374 696e 6775 6973 680a 6265 t distinguish.be\n-0001f7b0: 7477 6565 6e20 4944 452c 2045 5344 492c tween IDE, ESDI,\n-0001f7c0: 2053 4353 492c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7273 SCSI, or others\n-0001f7d0: 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 7420 6b6e 6f77 . You must know\n-0001f7e0: 2079 6f75 7273 656c 6620 7768 6963 6820 yourself which \n-0001f7f0: 4249 4f53 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6973 2065 BIOS.device is e\n-0001f800: 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 2077 6869 quivalent to whi\n-0001f810: 6368 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 2e20 204e ch OS device. N\n-0001f820: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6861 7420 7769 ormally, that wi\n-0001f830: 6c6c 2062 6520 636c 6561 720a 6966 2079 ll be clear.if y\n-0001f840: 6f75 2073 6565 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 ou see the files\n-0001f850: 2069 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 206f 7220 in a device or \n-0001f860: 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 use the command \n-0001f870: e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...search... (*n\n-0001f880: 6f74 650a 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote.search::)...\n-0001f890: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2044 6576 6963 * Menu:..* Devic\n-0001f8a0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 e syntax:: \n-0001f8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 How to \n-0001f8c0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 730a specify devices.\n-0001f8d0: 2a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 * File name synt\n-0001f8e0: 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ax:: \n-0001f8f0: 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 How to specify f\n-0001f900: 696c 6573 0a2a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 iles.* Block lis\n-0001f910: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 t syntax:: \n-0001f920: 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 How to spec\n-0001f930: 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 730a ify block lists.\n-0001f940: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0001f950: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2044 6576 6963 fo, Node: Devic\n-0001f960: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a e syntax, Next:\n-0001f970: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n-0001f980: 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 x, Up: Filesyst\n-0001f990: 656d 0a0a 3133 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 em..13.1 How to \n-0001f9a0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 730a specify devices.\n-0001f9b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001f9c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-0001f9d0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2069 device syntax i\n-0001f9e0: 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 s like this:.. \n-0001f9f0: 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 5b2c 5041 5254 (DEVICE[,PART\n-0001fa00: 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3150 4152 542d 4e55 MAP-NAME1PART-NU\n-0001fa10: 4d31 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 M1[,PARTMAP-NAME\n-0001fa20: 3250 4152 542d 4e55 4d32 5b2c 2e2e 2e5d 2PART-NUM2[,...]\n-0001fa30: 5d5d 290a 0a20 2020 e280 985b 5de2 8099 ]]).. ...[]...\n-0001fa40: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d means the param\n-0001fa50: 6574 6572 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c eter is optional\n-0001fa60: 2e20 2044 4556 4943 4520 6465 7065 6e64 . DEVICE depend\n-0001fa70: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 s on the disk.dr\n-0001fa80: 6976 6572 2069 6e20 7573 652e 2020 4249 iver in use. BI\n-0001fa90: 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2064 6973 6b73 OS and EFI disks\n-0001faa0: 2075 7365 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 9866 use either ...f\n-0001fab0: 64e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 64e2 8099 d... or ...hd...\n-0001fac0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 0a64 followed by a.d\n-0001fad0: 6967 6974 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6664 igit, like ...fd\n-0001fae0: 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6364 e280 0..., or ...cd..\n-0001faf0: 992e 2020 4148 4349 2c20 5041 5441 2028 .. AHCI, PATA (\n-0001fb00: 6174 6129 2c20 6372 7970 746f 2c20 5553 ata), crypto, US\n-0001fb10: 4220 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 0a6f B use the name.o\n-0001fb20: 6620 6472 6976 6572 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 f driver followe\n-0001fb30: 6420 6279 2061 206e 756d 6265 722e 2020 d by a number. \n-0001fb40: 4d65 6d64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 686f 7374 Memdisk and host\n-0001fb50: 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 are limited to \n-0001fb60: 6f6e 650a 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 one.disk and so \n-0001fb70: 6974 2773 2072 6566 6572 6564 206a 7573 it's refered jus\n-0001fb80: 7420 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 t by driver name\n-0001fb90: 2e20 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2c20 6f66 . RAID (md), of\n-0001fba0: 6469 736b 0a28 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 disk.(ieee1275 a\n-0001fbb0: 6e64 206e 616e 6429 2c20 4c56 4d20 286c nd nand), LVM (l\n-0001fbc0: 766d 292c 204c 444d 2c20 7669 7274 696f vm), LDM, virtio\n-0001fbd0: 2028 7664 736b 2920 616e 6420 6172 6364 (vdsk) and arcd\n-0001fbe0: 6973 6b20 2861 7263 2920 7573 650a 696e isk (arc) use.in\n-0001fbf0: 7472 696e 7369 6320 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 trinsic name of \n-0001fc00: 6469 736b 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 disk prefixed by\n-0001fc10: 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2041 driver name. A\n-0001fc20: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 6a75 7374 dditionally just\n-0001fc30: 0a22 6e61 6e64 2220 7265 6665 7273 2074 .\"nand\" refers t\n-0001fc40: 6f20 7468 6520 6469 736b 2061 6c69 6173 o the disk alias\n-0001fc50: 6564 2061 7320 226e 616e 6422 2e20 2043 ed as \"nand\". C\n-0001fc60: 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 2061 7265 2073 6f6c onflicts are sol\n-0001fc70: 7665 6420 6279 0a73 7566 6669 7869 6e67 ved by.suffixing\n-0001fc80: 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6966 206e 6563 a number if nec\n-0001fc90: 6573 7361 7272 792e 2020 436f 6d6d 6173 essarry. Commas\n-0001fca0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 6573 6361 need to be esca\n-0001fcb0: 7065 642e 2020 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a75 ped. Loopback.u\n-0001fcc0: 7365 7320 7768 6174 6576 6572 206e 616d ses whatever nam\n-0001fcd0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 20e2 e specified to .\n-0001fce0: 8098 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b e280 9920 636f ..loopback... co\n-0001fcf0: 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 486f 7374 6469 736b mmand. Hostdisk\n-0001fd00: 2075 7365 7320 6e61 6d65 730a 7370 6563 uses names.spec\n-0001fd10: 6966 6965 6420 696e 2064 6576 6963 652e ified in device.\n-0001fd20: 6d61 7020 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2069 map as long as i\n-0001fd30: 7427 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d20 t's of the form \n-0001fd40: 5b66 6863 5d64 5b30 2d39 5d2a 206f 720a [fhc]d[0-9]* or.\n-0001fd50: 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f3c 4f53 2044 4556 hostdisk/. For crypt\n-0001fd70: 6f20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2028 6d64 2920 o and RAID (md) \n-0001fd80: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 additionally you\n-0001fd90: 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 2073 796e can use.the syn\n-0001fda0: 7461 7820 3c64 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 tax uuid/. F\n-0001fdc0: 6f72 204c 564d 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 or LVM additiona\n-0001fdd0: 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a lly you can use.\n-0001fde0: 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 206c 766d 6964 the syntax lvmid\n-0001fdf0: 2f3c 766f 6c75 6d65 2d67 726f 7570 2d75 //... (fd0).\n-0001fe20: 2020 2020 2028 6864 3029 0a20 2020 2020 (hd0). \n-0001fe30: 2863 6429 0a20 2020 2020 2861 6863 6930 (cd). (ahci0\n-0001fe40: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6174 6130 290a 2020 ). (ata0). \n-0001fe50: 2020 2028 6372 7970 746f 3029 0a20 2020 (crypto0). \n-0001fe60: 2020 2875 7362 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 (usb0). (c\n-0001fe70: 7279 7074 6f75 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 ryptouuid/123456\n-0001fe80: 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 789abcdef0123456\n-0001fe90: 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 789abcdef0). \n-0001fea0: 2028 6d64 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 (mduuid/1234567\n-0001feb0: 3839 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 89abcdef01234567\n-0001fec0: 3839 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 89abcdef0). \n-0001fed0: 286c 766d 2f73 7973 7465 6d2d 726f 6f74 (lvm/system-root\n-0001fee0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 6d69 642f 4631 ). (lvmid/F1\n-0001fef0: 696b 6744 2d32 5245 532d 3330 3647 2d69 ikgD-2RES-306G-i\n-0001ff00: 6c39 4d2d 3769 7761 2d34 4e4b 572d 4562 l9M-7iwa-4NKW-Eb\n-0001ff10: 5631 4e56 2f65 4c47 7543 512d 4c34 4b61 V1NV/eLGuCQ-L4Ka\n-0001ff20: 2d58 5567 522d 736a 744a 2d66 6663 682d -XUgR-sjtJ-ffch-\n-0001ff30: 6261 6a72 2d66 434e 667a 3529 0a20 2020 bajr-fCNfz5). \n-0001ff40: 2020 286d 642f 6d79 7261 6964 290a 2020 (md/myraid). \n-0001ff50: 2020 2028 6d64 2f30 290a 2020 2020 2028 (md/0). (\n-0001ff60: 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f64 6973 6b32 290a ieee1275/disk2).\n-0001ff70: 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f2f (ieee1275//\n-0001ff80: 7063 6940 3166 5c2c 302f 6964 6540 642f pci@1f\\,0/ide@d/\n-0001ff90: 6469 736b 4032 290a 2020 2020 2028 6e61 disk@2). (na\n-0001ffa0: 6e64 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d65 6d64 6973 nd). (memdis\n-0001ffb0: 6b29 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7429 0a20 k). (host). \n-0001ffc0: 2020 2020 286d 796c 6f6f 7029 0a20 2020 (myloop). \n-0001ffd0: 2020 2868 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 2f64 6576 (hostdisk//dev\n-0001ffe0: 2f73 6461 290a 0a20 2020 5041 5254 2d4e /sda).. PART-N\n-0001fff0: 554d 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7468 UM represents th\n-00020000: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 e partition numb\n-00020010: 6572 206f 6620 4445 5649 4345 2c20 7374 er of DEVICE, st\n-00020020: 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a 6f6e 652e arting from.one.\n-00020030: 2020 5041 5254 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 6f70 PARTNAME is op\n-00020040: 7469 6f6e 616c 2062 7574 2069 7320 7265 tional but is re\n-00020050: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 7369 6e63 6520 commended since \n-00020060: 6469 736b 206d 6179 2068 6176 650a 7365 disk may have.se\n-00020070: 7665 7261 6c20 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 veral top-level \n-00020080: 7061 7274 6d61 7073 2e20 2053 7065 6369 partmaps. Speci\n-00020090: 6679 696e 6720 7468 6972 6420 616e 6420 fying third and \n-000200a0: 6c61 7465 7220 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 later component \n-000200b0: 796f 750a 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 2074 you.can access t\n-000200c0: 6f20 7375 6270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e o subpartitions.\n-000200d0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 .. The syntax \n-000200e0: e280 9828 6864 3029 e280 9920 7265 7072 ...(hd0)... repr\n-000200f0: 6573 656e 7473 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 esents using the\n-00020100: 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 736b 2028 6f72 entire disk (or\n-00020110: 2074 6865 204d 4252 2077 6865 6e0a 696e the MBR when.in\n-00020120: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4229 2c20 stalling GRUB), \n-00020130: 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 while the syntax\n-00020140: 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 29e2 8099 2072 ...(hd0,1)... r\n-00020150: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7573 696e 6720 epresents using \n-00020160: 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 7061 7274 6974 the first.partit\n-00020170: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 ion of the disk \n-00020180: 286f 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 (or the boot sec\n-00020190: 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 tor of the parti\n-000201a0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c tion when.instal\n-000201b0: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4229 2e0a 0a20 2020 ling GRUB)... \n-000201c0: 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 0a20 (hd0,msdos1). \n-000201d0: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c (hd0,msdos1,\n-000201e0: 6d73 646f 7335 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 msdos5). (hd\n-000201f0: 302c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3329 0a20 0,msdos1,bsd3). \n-00020200: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 (hd0,netbsd1\n-00020210: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 ). (hd0,gpt1\n-00020220: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 312c 3329 ). (hd0,1,3)\n-00020230: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 656e 6162 .. If you enab\n-00020240: 6c65 6420 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 led the network \n-00020250: 7375 7070 6f72 742c 2074 6865 2073 7065 support, the spe\n-00020260: 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 730a e280 9828 cial drives....(\n-00020270: 5052 4f54 4f43 4f4c 5b2c 5345 5256 4552 PROTOCOL[,SERVER\n-00020280: 5d29 e280 9920 6172 6520 616c 736f 2061 ])... are also a\n-00020290: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 706f vailable. Suppo\n-000202a0: 7274 6564 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2061 rted protocols a\n-000202b0: 7265 0ae2 8098 6874 7470 e280 9920 616e re....http... an\n-000202c0: 6420 e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2e20 2049 d ...tftp.... I\n-000202d0: 6620 5345 5256 4552 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 f SERVER is omit\n-000202e0: 7465 642c 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e ted, value of en\n-000202f0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00020300: 6c65 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c le....net_defaul\n-00020310: 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 9920 6973 2075 t_server... is u\n-00020320: 7365 642e 2020 4265 666f 7265 2075 7369 sed. Before usi\n-00020330: 6e67 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2064 ng the network d\n-00020340: 7269 7665 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 0a69 rive, you must.i\n-00020350: 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 7468 6520 6e65 nitialize the ne\n-00020360: 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 twork. *Note Ne\n-00020370: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 twork::, for mor\n-00020380: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e information...\n-00020390: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 e280 When using ..\n-000203a0: 9868 7474 70e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9874 .http... or ...t\n-000203b0: 6674 70e2 8099 2c20 706f 7274 7320 6f74 ftp..., ports ot\n-000203c0: 6865 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 3830 e280 her than ...80..\n-000203d0: 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 . can be specifi\n-000203e0: 6564 0a75 7369 6e67 2061 2063 6f6c 6f6e ed.using a colon\n-000203f0: 2028 e280 983a e280 9929 2061 6674 6572 (...:...) after\n-00020400: 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2054 the address. T\n-00020410: 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7061 7273 696e 6720 o avoid parsing \n-00020420: 636f 6e66 6c69 6374 732c 2077 6865 6e0a conflicts, when.\n-00020430: 7573 696e 6720 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 using IPv6 addre\n-00020440: 7373 6573 2077 6974 6820 6375 7374 6f6d sses with custom\n-00020450: 2070 6f72 7473 2c20 7468 6520 6164 6472 ports, the addr\n-00020460: 6573 7365 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 656e esses must be en\n-00020470: 636c 6f73 6564 0a77 6974 6820 7371 7561 closed.with squa\n-00020480: 7265 2062 7261 636b 6574 7320 28e2 8098 re brackets (...\n-00020490: 5b5d e280 9929 2c20 6173 2069 7320 7374 []...), as is st\n-000204a0: 616e 6461 7264 2070 7261 6374 6963 652e andard practice.\n-000204b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c67 7275 .. (http,gru\n-000204c0: 622e 6578 616d 706c 652e 636f 6d3a 3331 b.example.com:31\n-000204d0: 3333 3729 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 337). (http,\n-000204e0: 3139 322e 302e 322e 313a 3333 3929 0a20 192.0.2.1:339). \n-000204f0: 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 5b32 3030 313a (http,[2001:\n-00020500: 6462 383a 3a31 5d3a 3131 3233 3529 0a0a db8::1]:11235)..\n-00020510: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 626f 6f74 2047 If you boot G\n-00020520: 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f RUB from a CD-RO\n-00020530: 4d2c 20e2 8098 2863 6429 e280 9920 6973 M, ...(cd)... is\n-00020540: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f available. *No\n-00020550: 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 610a 4752 5542 te Making a.GRUB\n-00020560: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n-00020570: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e ::, for details.\n-00020580: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00020590: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 nfo, Node: File\n-000205a0: 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e name syntax, N\n-000205b0: 6578 743a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 ext: Block list \n-000205c0: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 syntax, Prev: D\n-000205d0: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 evice syntax, U\n-000205e0: 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 p: Filesystem..1\n-000205f0: 332e 3220 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 3.2 How to speci\n-00020600: 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d fy files.=======\n+0001f720: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 ******..GRUB use\n+0001f730: 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7379 6e74 s a special synt\n+0001f740: 6178 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e ax for specifyin\n+0001f750: 6720 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 7768 g disk drives wh\n+0001f760: 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 0a61 6363 6573 ich can be.acces\n+0001f770: 7365 6420 6279 2042 494f 532e 2042 6563 sed by BIOS. Bec\n+0001f780: 6175 7365 206f 6620 4249 4f53 206c 696d ause of BIOS lim\n+0001f790: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 4752 5542 2063 itations, GRUB c\n+0001f7a0: 616e 6e6f 7420 6469 7374 696e 6775 6973 annot distinguis\n+0001f7b0: 680a 6265 7477 6565 6e20 4944 452c 2045 h.between IDE, E\n+0001f7c0: 5344 492c 2053 4353 492c 206f 7220 6f74 SDI, SCSI, or ot\n+0001f7d0: 6865 7273 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 7420 hers. You must \n+0001f7e0: 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 7273 656c 6620 7768 know yourself wh\n+0001f7f0: 6963 6820 4249 4f53 0a64 6576 6963 6520 ich BIOS.device \n+0001f800: 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f is equivalent to\n+0001f810: 2077 6869 6368 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 which OS device\n+0001f820: 2e20 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6861 . Normally, tha\n+0001f830: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636c 6561 720a t will be clear.\n+0001f840: 6966 2079 6f75 2073 6565 2074 6865 2066 if you see the f\n+0001f850: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 iles in a device\n+0001f860: 206f 7220 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d6d or use the comm\n+0001f870: 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 and ...search...\n+0001f880: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 6172 6368 3a3a (*note.search::\n+0001f890: 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2044 )...* Menu:..* D\n+0001f8a0: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 evice syntax:: \n+0001f8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 How\n+0001f8c0: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 to specify devi\n+0001f8d0: 6365 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 ces.* File name \n+0001f8e0: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 syntax:: \n+0001f8f0: 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 How to speci\n+0001f900: 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2042 6c6f 636b fy files.* Block\n+0001f910: 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 list syntax:: \n+0001f920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 How to \n+0001f930: 7370 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 specify block li\n+0001f940: 7374 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 sts....File: gru\n+0001f950: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2044 b.info, Node: D\n+0001f960: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e evice syntax, N\n+0001f970: 6578 743a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 ext: File name s\n+0001f980: 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 yntax, Up: File\n+0001f990: 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 2e31 2048 6f77 system..13.1 How\n+0001f9a0: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 to specify devi\n+0001f9b0: 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ces.============\n+0001f9c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+0001f9d0: 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 .The device synt\n+0001f9e0: 6178 2069 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a ax is like this:\n+0001f9f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 5b2c .. (DEVICE[,\n+0001fa00: 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3150 4152 PARTMAP-NAME1PAR\n+0001fa10: 542d 4e55 4d31 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d T-NUM1[,PARTMAP-\n+0001fa20: 4e41 4d45 3250 4152 542d 4e55 4d32 5b2c NAME2PART-NUM2[,\n+0001fa30: 2e2e 2e5d 5d5d 290a 0a20 2020 e280 985b ...]]]).. ...[\n+0001fa40: 5de2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2070 ]... means the p\n+0001fa50: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2069 7320 6f70 7469 arameter is opti\n+0001fa60: 6f6e 616c 2e20 2044 4556 4943 4520 6465 onal. DEVICE de\n+0001fa70: 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 pends on the dis\n+0001fa80: 6b0a 6472 6976 6572 2069 6e20 7573 652e k.driver in use.\n+0001fa90: 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2064 BIOS and EFI d\n+0001faa0: 6973 6b73 2075 7365 2065 6974 6865 7220 isks use either \n+0001fab0: e280 9866 64e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 ...fd... or ...h\n+0001fac0: 64e2 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 d... followed by\n+0001fad0: 2061 0a64 6967 6974 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 a.digit, like .\n+0001fae0: 8098 6664 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 ..fd0..., or ...\n+0001faf0: 6364 e280 992e 2020 4148 4349 2c20 5041 cd.... AHCI, PA\n+0001fb00: 5441 2028 6174 6129 2c20 6372 7970 746f TA (ata), crypto\n+0001fb10: 2c20 5553 4220 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e61 , USB use the na\n+0001fb20: 6d65 0a6f 6620 6472 6976 6572 2066 6f6c me.of driver fol\n+0001fb30: 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 206e 756d 6265 lowed by a numbe\n+0001fb40: 722e 2020 4d65 6d64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 r. Memdisk and \n+0001fb50: 686f 7374 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 host are limited\n+0001fb60: 2074 6f20 6f6e 650a 6469 736b 2061 6e64 to one.disk and\n+0001fb70: 2073 6f20 6974 2773 2072 6566 6572 6564 so it's refered\n+0001fb80: 206a 7573 7420 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 just by driver \n+0001fb90: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 name. RAID (md)\n+0001fba0: 2c20 6f66 6469 736b 0a28 6965 6565 3132 , ofdisk.(ieee12\n+0001fbb0: 3735 2061 6e64 206e 616e 6429 2c20 4c56 75 and nand), LV\n+0001fbc0: 4d20 286c 766d 292c 204c 444d 2c20 7669 M (lvm), LDM, vi\n+0001fbd0: 7274 696f 2028 7664 736b 2920 616e 6420 rtio (vdsk) and \n+0001fbe0: 6172 6364 6973 6b20 2861 7263 2920 7573 arcdisk (arc) us\n+0001fbf0: 650a 696e 7472 696e 7369 6320 6e61 6d65 e.intrinsic name\n+0001fc00: 206f 6620 6469 736b 2070 7265 6669 7865 of disk prefixe\n+0001fc10: 6420 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 d by driver name\n+0001fc20: 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 . Additionally \n+0001fc30: 6a75 7374 0a22 6e61 6e64 2220 7265 6665 just.\"nand\" refe\n+0001fc40: 7273 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 736b 2061 rs to the disk a\n+0001fc50: 6c69 6173 6564 2061 7320 226e 616e 6422 liased as \"nand\"\n+0001fc60: 2e20 2043 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 2061 7265 . Conflicts are\n+0001fc70: 2073 6f6c 7665 6420 6279 0a73 7566 6669 solved by.suffi\n+0001fc80: 7869 6e67 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6966 xing a number if\n+0001fc90: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7272 792e 2020 436f necessarry. Co\n+0001fca0: 6d6d 6173 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 mmas need to be \n+0001fcb0: 6573 6361 7065 642e 2020 4c6f 6f70 6261 escaped. Loopba\n+0001fcc0: 636b 0a75 7365 7320 7768 6174 6576 6572 ck.uses whatever\n+0001fcd0: 206e 616d 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 name specified \n+0001fce0: 746f 20e2 8098 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b e280 to ...loopback..\n+0001fcf0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 486f 7374 . command. Host\n+0001fd00: 6469 736b 2075 7365 7320 6e61 6d65 730a disk uses names.\n+0001fd10: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2064 6576 specified in dev\n+0001fd20: 6963 652e 6d61 7020 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 ice.map as long \n+0001fd30: 6173 2069 7427 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 as it's of the f\n+0001fd40: 6f72 6d20 5b66 6863 5d64 5b30 2d39 5d2a orm [fhc]d[0-9]*\n+0001fd50: 206f 720a 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f3c 4f53 or.hostdisk/. For c\n+0001fd70: 7279 7074 6f20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2028 rypto and RAID (\n+0001fd80: 6d64 2920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 md) additionally\n+0001fd90: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 you can use.the\n+0001fda0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 3c64 7269 7665 7220 syntax uuid/\n+0001fdc0: 2e20 2046 6f72 204c 564d 2061 6464 6974 . For LVM addit\n+0001fdd0: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ionally you can \n+0001fde0: 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 206c use.the syntax l\n+0001fdf0: 766d 6964 2f3c 766f 6c75 6d65 2d67 726f vmid//... (f\n+0001fe20: 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 3029 0a20 d0). (hd0). \n+0001fe30: 2020 2020 2863 6429 0a20 2020 2020 2861 (cd). (a\n+0001fe40: 6863 6930 290a 2020 2020 2028 6174 6130 hci0). (ata0\n+0001fe50: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 746f 3029 ). (crypto0)\n+0001fe60: 0a20 2020 2020 2875 7362 3029 0a20 2020 . (usb0). \n+0001fe70: 2020 2863 7279 7074 6f75 7569 642f 3132 (cryptouuid/12\n+0001fe80: 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 3132 3456789abcdef012\n+0001fe90: 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 290a 3456789abcdef0).\n+0001fea0: 2020 2020 2028 6d64 7575 6964 2f31 3233 (mduuid/123\n+0001feb0: 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 456789abcdef0123\n+0001fec0: 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 456789abcdef0). \n+0001fed0: 2020 2020 286c 766d 2f73 7973 7465 6d2d (lvm/system-\n+0001fee0: 726f 6f74 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 6d69 root). 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(hostdisk/\n+0001ffe0: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 290a 0a20 2020 5041 /dev/sda).. PA\n+0001fff0: 5254 2d4e 554d 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 RT-NUM represent\n+00020000: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 s the partition \n+00020010: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4445 5649 4345 number of DEVICE\n+00020020: 2c20 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a , starting from.\n+00020030: 6f6e 652e 2020 5041 5254 4e41 4d45 2069 one. PARTNAME i\n+00020040: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2062 7574 2069 s optional but i\n+00020050: 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 7369 s recommended si\n+00020060: 6e63 6520 6469 736b 206d 6179 2068 6176 nce disk may hav\n+00020070: 650a 7365 7665 7261 6c20 746f 702d 6c65 e.several top-le\n+00020080: 7665 6c20 7061 7274 6d61 7073 2e20 2053 vel partmaps. 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S\n+000202a0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2070 726f 746f 636f upported protoco\n+000202b0: 6c73 2061 7265 0ae2 8098 6874 7470 e280 ls are....http..\n+000202c0: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 . and ...tftp...\n+000202d0: 2e20 2049 6620 5345 5256 4552 2069 7320 . If SERVER is \n+000202e0: 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2076 616c 7565 206f omitted, value o\n+000202f0: 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 f environment va\n+00020300: 7269 6162 6c65 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 riable....net_de\n+00020310: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 9920 fault_server... \n+00020320: 6973 2075 7365 642e 2020 4265 666f 7265 is used. 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To avoid pars\n+00020420: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6c69 6374 732c 2077 ing conflicts, w\n+00020430: 6865 6e0a 7573 696e 6720 4950 7636 2061 hen.using IPv6 a\n+00020440: 6464 7265 7373 6573 2077 6974 6820 6375 ddresses with cu\n+00020450: 7374 6f6d 2070 6f72 7473 2c20 7468 6520 stom ports, the \n+00020460: 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 6d75 7374 2062 addresses must b\n+00020470: 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 0a77 6974 6820 e enclosed.with \n+00020480: 7371 7561 7265 2062 7261 636b 6574 7320 square brackets \n+00020490: 28e2 8098 5b5d e280 9929 2c20 6173 2069 (...[]...), as i\n+000204a0: 7320 7374 616e 6461 7264 2070 7261 6374 s standard pract\n+000204b0: 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 ice... (http\n+000204c0: 2c67 7275 622e 6578 616d 706c 652e 636f ,grub.example.co\n+000204d0: 6d3a 3331 3333 3729 0a20 2020 2020 2868 m:31337). (h\n+000204e0: 7474 702c 3139 322e 302e 322e 313a 3333 ttp,192.0.2.1:33\n+000204f0: 3929 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 5b32 9). (http,[2\n+00020500: 3030 313a 6462 383a 3a31 5d3a 3131 3233 001:db8::1]:1123\n+00020510: 3529 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 626f 5).. If you bo\n+00020520: 6f74 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 ot GRUB from a C\n+00020530: 442d 524f 4d2c 20e2 8098 2863 6429 e280 D-ROM, ...(cd)..\n+00020540: 9920 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 . is available. \n+00020550: 202a 4e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 610a *Note Making a.\n+00020560: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n+00020570: 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 -ROM::, for deta\n+00020580: 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ils.....File: gr\n+00020590: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000205a0: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n+000205b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c , Next: Block l\n+000205c0: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 ist syntax, Pre\n+000205d0: 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 v: Device syntax\n+000205e0: 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 , Up: Filesyste\n+000205f0: 6d0a 0a31 332e 3220 486f 7720 746f 2073 m..13.2 How to s\n+00020600: 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a3d 3d3d pecify files.===\n 00020610: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020620: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 ==..There are tw\n-00020630: 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 o ways to specif\n-00020640: 7920 6669 6c65 732c 2062 7920 e280 9c61 y files, by ...a\n-00020650: 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d bsolute file nam\n-00020660: 65e2 809d 2061 6e64 2062 790a e280 9c62 e... and by....b\n-00020670: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 74e2 809d 2e0a 0a20 lock list...... \n-00020680: 2020 416e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 An absolute fi\n-00020690: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 le name resemble\n-000206a0: 7320 6120 556e 6978 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 s a Unix absolut\n-000206b0: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2075 7369 e file name, usi\n-000206c0: 6e67 20e2 8098 2fe2 8099 0a66 6f72 2074 ng .../....for t\n-000206d0: 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2073 6570 he directory sep\n-000206e0: 6172 6174 6f72 2028 6e6f 7420 e280 985c arator (not ...\\\n-000206f0: e280 9920 6173 2069 6e20 444f 5329 2e20 ... as in DOS). \n-00020700: 4f6e 6520 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0ae2 One example is..\n-00020710: 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 ..(hd0,1)/boot/g\n-00020720: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e rub/grub.cfg....\n-00020730: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 This means the\n-00020740: 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 file .../boot/g\n-00020750: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 990a rub/grub.cfg....\n-00020760: 696e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 in the first par\n-00020770: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 tition of the fi\n-00020780: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 rst hard disk. \n-00020790: 4966 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 7468 6520 If you omit the \n-000207a0: 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 6520 696e 2061 device.name in a\n-000207b0: 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 n absolute file \n-000207c0: 6e61 6d65 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 name, GRUB uses \n-000207d0: 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 GRUB's ...root d\n-000207e0: 6576 6963 65e2 809d 0a69 6d70 6c69 6369 evice....implici\n-000207f0: 746c 792e 2020 536f 2069 6620 796f 7520 tly. So if you \n-00020800: 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 set the root dev\n-00020810: 6963 6520 746f 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 ice to, say, ...\n-00020820: 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2062 7920 7468 (hd1,1)... by th\n-00020830: 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6574 e.command ...set\n-00020840: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 root=(hd1,1)...\n-00020850: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 (*note set::), \n-00020860: 7468 656e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 then .../boot/ke\n-00020870: 726e 656c e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 0a73 rnel... is the.s\n-00020880: 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 ame as ...(hd1,1\n-00020890: 292f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 )/boot/kernel...\n-000208a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 2066 696c ... On ZFS fil\n-000208b0: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7468 6520 6669 7273 esystem the firs\n-000208c0: 7420 7061 7468 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 t path component\n-000208d0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a56 4f4c 554d 45e2 must be.VOLUME.\n-000208e0: 8098 40e2 8099 5b53 4e41 5053 484f 545d ..@...[SNAPSHOT]\n-000208f0: 2e20 2053 6f20 e280 982f 726f 6f74 766f . So .../rootvo\n-00020900: 6c40 736e 6170 2d31 3239 2f62 6f6f 742f l@snap-129/boot/\n-00020910: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 grub/grub.cfg...\n-00020920: 2072 6566 6572 730a 746f 2066 696c 6520 refers.to file \n-00020930: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 .../boot/grub/gr\n-00020940: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 696e 2073 6e61 ub.cfg... in sna\n-00020950: 7073 686f 7420 6f66 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 pshot of volume \n-00020960: e280 9872 6f6f 7476 6f6c e280 9920 7769 ...rootvol... wi\n-00020970: 7468 206e 616d 650a e280 9873 6e61 702d th name....snap-\n-00020980: 3132 39e2 8099 2e20 2054 7261 696c 696e 129.... Trailin\n-00020990: 6720 e280 9840 e280 9920 6166 7465 7220 g ...@... after \n-000209a0: 766f 6c75 6d65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206d volume name is m\n-000209b0: 616e 6461 746f 7279 2065 7665 6e20 6966 andatory even if\n-000209c0: 0a73 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6e61 6d65 2069 .snapshot name i\n-000209d0: 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 s omitted.....Fi\n-000209e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000209f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 Node: Block list\n-00020a00: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 syntax, Prev: \n-00020a10: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n-00020a20: 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 , Up: Filesyste\n-00020a30: 6d0a 0a31 332e 3320 486f 7720 746f 2073 m..13.3 How to s\n-00020a40: 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 pecify block lis\n-00020a50: 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ts.=============\n+00020620: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6572 6520 6172 ======..There ar\n+00020630: 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7370 e two ways to sp\n+00020640: 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 732c 2062 7920 ecify files, by \n+00020650: e280 9c61 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 ...absolute file\n+00020660: 206e 616d 65e2 809d 2061 6e64 2062 790a name... and by.\n+00020670: e280 9c62 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 74e2 809d ...block list...\n+00020680: 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 ... An absolut\n+00020690: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7265 7365 e file name rese\n+000206a0: 6d62 6c65 7320 6120 556e 6978 2061 6273 mbles a Unix abs\n+000206b0: 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c olute file name,\n+000206c0: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 2fe2 8099 0a66 using .../....f\n+000206d0: 6f72 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 or the directory\n+000206e0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2028 6e6f 7420 separator (not \n+000206f0: e280 985c e280 9920 6173 2069 6e20 444f ...\\... as in DO\n+00020700: 5329 2e20 4f6e 6520 6578 616d 706c 6520 S). One example \n+00020710: 6973 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f is....(hd0,1)/bo\n+00020720: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n+00020730: e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 .... This means\n+00020740: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f the file .../bo\n+00020750: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n+00020760: e280 990a 696e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ....in the first\n+00020770: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 partition of th\n+00020780: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e first hard dis\n+00020790: 6b2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 k. If you omit \n+000207a0: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 6520 the device.name \n+000207b0: 696e 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 in an absolute f\n+000207c0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 4752 5542 2075 ile name, GRUB u\n+000207d0: 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f ses GRUB's ...ro\n+000207e0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d 0a69 6d70 ot device....imp\n+000207f0: 6c69 6369 746c 792e 2020 536f 2069 6620 licitly. So if \n+00020800: 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 you set the root\n+00020810: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2c20 7361 792c device to, say,\n+00020820: 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2062 ...(hd1,1)... b\n+00020830: 7920 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 y the.command ..\n+00020840: 9873 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6431 2c31 .set root=(hd1,1\n+00020850: 29e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a )... (*note set:\n+00020860: 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f :), then .../boo\n+00020870: 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 6973 2074 t/kernel... is t\n+00020880: 6865 0a73 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 2868 he.same as ...(h\n+00020890: 6431 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 d1,1)/boot/kerne\n+000208a0: 6ce2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 l...... On ZFS\n+000208b0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7468 6520 filesystem the \n+000208c0: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7468 2063 6f6d 706f first path compo\n+000208d0: 6e65 6e74 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a56 4f4c nent must be.VOL\n+000208e0: 554d 45e2 8098 40e2 8099 5b53 4e41 5053 UME...@...[SNAPS\n+000208f0: 484f 545d 2e20 2053 6f20 e280 982f 726f HOT]. So .../ro\n+00020900: 6f74 766f 6c40 736e 6170 2d31 3239 2f62 otvol@snap-129/b\n+00020910: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n+00020920: 67e2 8099 2072 6566 6572 730a 746f 2066 g... refers.to f\n+00020930: 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ile .../boot/gru\n+00020940: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 696e b/grub.cfg... in\n+00020950: 2073 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6f66 2076 6f6c snapshot of vol\n+00020960: 756d 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 7476 6f6c e280 ume ...rootvol..\n+00020970: 9920 7769 7468 206e 616d 650a e280 9873 . with name....s\n+00020980: 6e61 702d 3132 39e2 8099 2e20 2054 7261 nap-129.... Tra\n+00020990: 696c 696e 6720 e280 9840 e280 9920 6166 iling ...@... af\n+000209a0: 7465 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 206e 616d 6520 ter volume name \n+000209b0: 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 2065 7665 is mandatory eve\n+000209c0: 6e20 6966 0a73 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6e61 n if.snapshot na\n+000209d0: 6d65 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642e 0a0a me is omitted...\n+000209e0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000209f0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 o, Node: Block \n+00020a00: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 list syntax, Pr\n+00020a10: 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 ev: File name sy\n+00020a20: 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 ntax, Up: Files\n+00020a30: 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3320 486f 7720 ystem..13.3 How \n+00020a40: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b to specify block\n+00020a50: 206c 6973 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d lists.=========\n 00020a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020a70: 3d3d 0a0a 4120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 ==..A block list\n-00020a80: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2073 7065 is used for spe\n-00020a90: 6369 6679 696e 6720 6120 6669 6c65 2074 cifying a file t\n-00020aa0: 6861 7420 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6170 7065 hat doesn't appe\n-00020ab0: 6172 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 7379 ar in the.filesy\n-00020ac0: 7374 656d 2c20 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 6861 stem, like a cha\n-00020ad0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 2073 inloader. The s\n-00020ae0: 796e 7461 7820 6973 0ae2 8098 5b4f 4646 yntax is....[OFF\n-00020af0: 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5b 2c5b SET]+[LENGTH][,[\n-00020b00: 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 485d OFFSET]+[LENGTH]\n-00020b10: 5d2e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 4865 7265 2069 ]....... Here i\n-00020b20: 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 s an example:.. \n-00020b30: 2020 2020 302b 3130 302c 3230 302b 312c 0+100,200+1,\n-00020b40: 3330 302b 3330 302c 3830 302b 0a0a 2020 300+300,800+.. \n-00020b50: 2054 6869 7320 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 This represents\n-00020b60: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 686f 756c that GRUB shoul\n-00020b70: 6420 7265 6164 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3020 d read blocks 0 \n-00020b80: 7468 726f 7567 6820 3939 2c20 626c 6f63 through 99, bloc\n-00020b90: 6b20 3230 302c 0a62 6c6f 636b 7320 3330 k 200,.blocks 30\n-00020ba0: 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 3539 392c 2061 0 through 599, a\n-00020bb0: 6e64 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3830 3020 756e nd blocks 800 un\n-00020bc0: 7469 6c20 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 til the end of t\n-00020bd0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 0a79 he device. If.y\n-00020be0: 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 ou omit an offse\n-00020bf0: 742c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 7373 t, then GRUB ass\n-00020c00: 756d 6573 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 umes the offset \n-00020c10: 6973 207a 6572 6f2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 is zero. If the\n-00020c20: 206c 656e 6774 680a 6973 206f 6d69 7474 length.is omitt\n-00020c30: 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6173 ed, then GRUB as\n-00020c40: 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 sumes the block \n-00020c50: 6c69 7374 2065 7874 656e 6473 2075 6e74 list extends unt\n-00020c60: 696c 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a 7468 il the end of.th\n-00020c70: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c69 e device... Li\n-00020c80: 6b65 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 ke the file name\n-00020c90: 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 syntax (*note F\n-00020ca0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a ile name syntax:\n-00020cb0: 3a29 2c20 6966 2061 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 :), if a blockli\n-00020cc0: 7374 0a64 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 st.does not cont\n-00020cd0: 6169 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d ain a device nam\n-00020ce0: 652c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2075 7365 e, then GRUB use\n-00020cf0: 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 s GRUB's ...root\n-00020d00: 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d 2e20 2053 6f0a device.... So.\n-00020d10: e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 2b31 e280 9920 ...(hd0,2)+1... \n-00020d20: 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 20e2 is the same as .\n-00020d30: 8098 2b31 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 ..+1... when the\n-00020d40: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 root device is \n-00020d50: e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 e280 992e 0a0a ...(hd0,2)......\n-00020d60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00020d70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 7266 o, Node: Interf\n-00020d80: 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 456e 7669 ace, Next: Envi\n-00020d90: 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ronment, Prev: \n-00020da0: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2055 703a Filesystem, Up:\n-00020db0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3134 2047 5255 4227 7320 Top..14 GRUB's \n-00020dc0: 7573 6572 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a user interface.*\n-00020dd0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00020de0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 6861 *******..GRUB ha\n-00020df0: 7320 626f 7468 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 s both a simple \n-00020e00: 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2066 menu interface f\n-00020e10: 6f72 2063 686f 6f73 696e 6720 7072 6573 or choosing pres\n-00020e20: 6574 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 et entries from \n-00020e30: 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a.configuration \n-00020e40: 6669 6c65 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6869 6768 file, and a high\n-00020e50: 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d ly flexible comm\n-00020e60: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2070 6572 and-line for per\n-00020e70: 666f 726d 696e 670a 616e 7920 6465 7369 forming.any desi\n-00020e80: 7265 6420 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 red combination \n-00020e90: 6f66 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 of boot commands\n-00020ea0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b73 ... GRUB looks\n-00020eb0: 2066 6f72 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 for its configu\n-00020ec0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6173 2073 ration file as s\n-00020ed0: 6f6f 6e20 6173 2069 7420 6973 206c 6f61 oon as it is loa\n-00020ee0: 6465 642e 2020 4966 0a6f 6e65 2069 7320 ded. If.one is \n-00020ef0: 666f 756e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 found, then the \n-00020f00: 6675 6c6c 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 full menu interf\n-00020f10: 6163 6520 6973 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 ace is activated\n-00020f20: 2075 7369 6e67 2077 6861 7465 7665 720a using whatever.\n-00020f30: 656e 7472 6965 7320 7765 7265 2066 6f75 entries were fou\n-00020f40: 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2e20 nd in the file. \n-00020f50: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6368 6f6f 7365 2074 If you choose t\n-00020f60: 6865 20e2 809c 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 he ...command-li\n-00020f70: 6e65 e280 9d20 6d65 6e75 0a6f 7074 696f ne... menu.optio\n-00020f80: 6e2c 206f 7220 6966 2074 6865 2063 6f6e n, or if the con\n-00020f90: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00020fa0: 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 666f 756e 642c 2074 was not found, t\n-00020fb0: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2064 726f 7073 2074 hen GRUB drops t\n-00020fc0: 6f0a 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 o.the command-li\n-00020fd0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e0a 0a2a ne interface...*\n-00020fe0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 436f 6d6d 616e Menu:..* Comman\n-00020ff0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n-00021000: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666c 6578 :: The flex\n-00021010: 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ible command-lin\n-00021020: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 4d65 e interface.* Me\n-00021030: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2020 nu interface:: \n-00021040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-00021050: 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 simple menu inte\n-00021060: 7266 6163 650a 2a20 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 rface.* Menu ent\n-00021070: 7279 2065 6469 746f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 ry editor:: \n-00021080: 2020 2020 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 6120 Editing a \n-00021090: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a0a 1f0a 4669 menu entry....Fi\n-000210a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000210b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Node: Command-li\n-000210c0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e ne interface, N\n-000210d0: 6578 743a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 ext: Menu interf\n-000210e0: 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 ace, Up: Interf\n-000210f0: 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3120 5468 6520 666c ace..14.1 The fl\n-00021100: 6578 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c exible command-l\n-00021110: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 3d3d ine interface.==\n-00021120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00020a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 626c 6f63 6b20 ======..A block \n+00020a80: 6c69 7374 2069 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 list is used for\n+00020a90: 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6120 6669 specifying a fi\n+00020aa0: 6c65 2074 6861 7420 646f 6573 6e27 7420 le that doesn't \n+00020ab0: 6170 7065 6172 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6669 appear in the.fi\n+00020ac0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6c69 6b65 2061 lesystem, like a\n+00020ad0: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 chainloader. T\n+00020ae0: 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 0ae2 8098 he syntax is....\n+00020af0: 5b4f 4646 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 [OFFSET]+[LENGTH\n+00020b00: 5d5b 2c5b 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e ][,[OFFSET]+[LEN\n+00020b10: 4754 485d 5d2e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 4865 GTH]]....... He\n+00020b20: 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 re is an example\n+00020b30: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 302b 3130 302c 3230 :.. 0+100,20\n+00020b40: 302b 312c 3330 302b 3330 302c 3830 302b 0+1,300+300,800+\n+00020b50: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7265 7072 6573 .. 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When typing \n-000215e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e74 6572 6163 commands interac\n-000215f0: 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2063 tively, if the c\n-00021600: 7572 736f 7220 6973 2077 6974 6869 6e20 ursor is within \n-00021610: 6f72 2062 6566 6f72 650a 7468 6520 6669 or before.the fi\n-00021620: 7273 7420 776f 7264 2069 6e20 7468 6520 rst word in the \n-00021630: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2c20 7072 command-line, pr\n-00021640: 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 203c 5441 423e essing the \n-00021650: 206b 6579 2028 6f72 203c 432d 693e 290a key (or ).\n-00021660: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2061 206c will display a l\n-00021670: 6973 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6176 isting of the av\n-00021680: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ailable commands\n-00021690: 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2074 6865 2063 7572 , and if the cur\n-000216a0: 736f 7220 6973 0a61 6674 6572 2074 6865 sor is.after the\n-000216b0: 2066 6972 7374 2077 6f72 642c 2074 6865 first word, the\n-000216c0: 20e2 8098 3c54 4142 3ee2 8099 2077 696c ...... wil\n-000216d0: 6c20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 636f 6d70 l provide a comp\n-000216e0: 6c65 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7469 6e67 206f letion listing o\n-000216f0: 660a 6469 736b 732c 2070 6172 7469 7469 f.disks, partiti\n-00021700: 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 6e61 ons, and file na\n-00021710: 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e mes depending on\n-00021720: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e20 204e the context. N\n-00021730: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 0a74 6f20 6f62 7461 ote that.to obta\n-00021740: 696e 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 in a list of dri\n-00021750: 7665 732c 206f 6e65 206d 7573 7420 6f70 ves, one must op\n-00021760: 656e 2061 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6973 en a parenthesis\n-00021770: 2c20 6173 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 2028 e280 , as ...root (..\n-00021780: 992e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 .... Note that\n-00021790: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7573 6520 you cannot use \n-000217a0: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2066 the completion f\n-000217b0: 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 6e20 unctionality in \n-000217c0: 7468 6520 5446 5450 0a66 696c 6573 7973 the TFTP.filesys\n-000217d0: 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6265 tem. This is be\n-000217e0: 6361 7573 6520 5446 5450 2064 6f65 736e cause TFTP doesn\n-000217f0: 2774 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 696c 6520 't support file \n-00021800: 6e61 6d65 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 name listing for\n-00021810: 0a74 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 792e 0a0a .the security...\n-00021820: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00021830: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e o, Node: Comman\n-00021840: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n-00021850: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a -Footnotes, Up:\n-00021860: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e Command-line in\n-00021870: 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 terface.. (1) \n-00021880: 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 6869 7320 6265 However, this be\n-00021890: 6861 7669 6f72 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 havior will be c\n-000218a0: 6861 6e67 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 hanged in the fu\n-000218b0: 7475 7265 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 696e ture version, in\n-000218c0: 0a61 2075 7365 722d 696e 7669 7369 626c .a user-invisibl\n-000218d0: 6520 7761 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 e way.....File: \n-000218e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000218f0: 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 : Menu interface\n-00021900: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 656e 7520 656e , Next: Menu en\n-00021910: 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 try editor, Pre\n-00021920: 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 v: Command-line \n-00021930: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 interface, Up: \n-00021940: 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3220 Interface..14.2 \n-00021950: 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 The simple menu \n-00021960: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d interface.======\n+00021140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00021150: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 command-line int\n+00021160: 6572 6661 6365 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 erface provides \n+00021170: 6120 7072 6f6d 7074 2061 6e64 2061 6674 a prompt and aft\n+00021180: 6572 2069 7420 616e 2065 6469 7461 626c er it an editabl\n+00021190: 650a 7465 7874 2061 7265 6120 6d75 6368 e.text area much\n+000211a0: 206c 696b 6520 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 642d like a command-\n+000211b0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 556e 6978 206f 7220 line in Unix or \n+000211c0: 444f 532e 2045 6163 6820 636f 6d6d 616e DOS. Each comman\n+000211d0: 6420 6973 0a69 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 d is.immediately\n+000211e0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 6166 7465 7220 executed after \n+000211f0: 6974 2069 7320 656e 7465 7265 6428 3129 it is entered(1)\n+00021200: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 642d (*note Command-\n+00021210: 6c69 6e65 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2d46 line.interface-F\n+00021220: 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 ootnote-1::). T\n+00021230: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f he commands (*no\n+00021240: 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 te Commands::) a\n+00021250: 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 740a 6f66 2074 re a subset.of t\n+00021260: 686f 7365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 hose available i\n+00021270: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 n the configurat\n+00021280: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6564 2077 ion file, used w\n+00021290: 6974 6820 6578 6163 746c 7920 7468 6520 ith exactly the \n+000212a0: 7361 6d65 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 same.syntax... \n+000212b0: 2043 7572 736f 7220 6d6f 7665 6d65 6e74 Cursor movement\n+000212c0: 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 and editing of \n+000212d0: 7468 6520 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 6520 the text on the \n+000212e0: 6c69 6e65 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 line can be done\n+000212f0: 2076 6961 2061 0a73 7562 7365 7420 6f66 via a.subset of\n+00021300: 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2061 the functions a\n+00021310: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 vailable in the \n+00021320: 4261 7368 2073 6865 6c6c 3a0a 0a3c 432d Bash shell:.... Move forw\n+00021350: 6172 6420 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 ard one characte\n+00021360: 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d62 3e0a 3c50 4320 6c65 r..... Mov\n+00021380: 6520 6261 636b 206f 6e65 2063 6861 7261 e back one chara\n+00021390: 6374 6572 2e0a 0a3c 432d 613e 0a3c 484f cter..... Move to\n+000213b0: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 the start of th\n+000213c0: 6520 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 653e 0a3c e line....<\n+000213d0: 454e 443e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2074 END>. Move t\n+000213e0: 6865 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 he the end of th\n+000213f0: 6520 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 643e 0a3c e line....<\n+00021400: 4445 4c3e 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 DEL>. Delete\n+00021410: 2074 6865 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2075 the character u\n+00021420: 6e64 6572 6e65 6174 6820 7468 6520 6375 nderneath the cu\n+00021430: 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 683e 0a3c 4253 rsor..... Delete th\n+00021450: 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 746f 2074 e character to t\n+00021460: 6865 206c 6566 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 he left of the c\n+00021470: 7572 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d6b 3e0a 2020 ursor.... \n+00021480: 2020 204b 696c 6c20 7468 6520 7465 7874 Kill the text\n+00021490: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e from the curren\n+000214a0: 7420 6375 7273 6f72 2070 6f73 6974 696f t cursor positio\n+000214b0: 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 n to the end of \n+000214c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 696e 652e 0a0a the. line...\n+000214d0: 3c43 2d75 3e0a 2020 2020 204b 696c 6c20 . Kill \n+000214e0: 6261 636b 7761 7264 2066 726f 6d20 7468 backward from th\n+000214f0: 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e cursor to the \n+00021500: 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 beginning of the\n+00021510: 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d79 3e0a 2020 line.... \n+00021520: 2020 2059 616e 6b20 7468 6520 6b69 6c6c Yank the kill\n+00021530: 6564 2074 6578 7420 6261 636b 2069 6e74 ed text back int\n+00021540: 6f20 7468 6520 6275 6666 6572 2061 7420 o the buffer at \n+00021550: 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d the cursor..... \n+00021570: 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2075 7020 7468 726f Move up thro\n+00021580: 7567 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 ugh the history \n+00021590: 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6e3e 0a3c 5043 list..... \n+000215b0: 4d6f 7665 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 726f 7567 Move down throug\n+000215c0: 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 h the history li\n+000215d0: 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2074 7970 st... When typ\n+000215e0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e74 ing commands int\n+000215f0: 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6966 2074 eractively, if t\n+00021600: 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 6973 2077 6974 he cursor is wit\n+00021610: 6869 6e20 6f72 2062 6566 6f72 650a 7468 hin or before.th\n+00021620: 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2069 6e20 e first word in \n+00021630: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n+00021640: 2c20 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 203c , pressing the <\n+00021650: 5441 423e 206b 6579 2028 6f72 203c 432d TAB> key (or ).will display\n+00021670: 2061 206c 6973 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 a listing of th\n+00021680: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d e available comm\n+00021690: 616e 6473 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2074 6865 ands, and if the\n+000216a0: 2063 7572 736f 7220 6973 0a61 6674 6572 cursor is.after\n+000216b0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2077 6f72 642c the first word,\n+000216c0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 3c54 4142 3ee2 8099 the ......\n+000216d0: 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 will provide a \n+000216e0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7469 completion listi\n+000216f0: 6e67 206f 660a 6469 736b 732c 2070 6172 ng of.disks, par\n+00021700: 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2066 696c titions, and fil\n+00021710: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 696e e names dependin\n+00021720: 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 g on the context\n+00021730: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 0a74 6f20 . Note that.to \n+00021740: 6f62 7461 696e 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 obtain a list of\n+00021750: 2064 7269 7665 732c 206f 6e65 206d 7573 drives, one mus\n+00021760: 7420 6f70 656e 2061 2070 6172 656e 7468 t open a parenth\n+00021770: 6573 6973 2c20 6173 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 esis, as ...root\n+00021780: 2028 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 (...... Note \n+00021790: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 that you cannot \n+000217a0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 use the completi\n+000217b0: 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 on functionality\n+000217c0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 0a66 696c in the TFTP.fil\n+000217d0: 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 esystem. This i\n+000217e0: 7320 6265 6361 7573 6520 5446 5450 2064 s because TFTP d\n+000217f0: 6f65 736e 2774 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 oesn't support f\n+00021800: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206c 6973 7469 6e67 ile name listing\n+00021810: 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 for.the securit\n+00021820: 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 y.....File: grub\n+00021830: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n+00021840: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n+00021850: 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 face-Footnotes, \n+00021860: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00021870: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a20 2020 e interface.. \n+00021880: 2831 2920 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 6869 (1) However, thi\n+00021890: 7320 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2077 696c 6c20 s behavior will \n+000218a0: 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2069 6e20 7468 be changed in th\n+000218b0: 6520 6675 7475 7265 2076 6572 7369 6f6e e future version\n+000218c0: 2c20 696e 0a61 2075 7365 722d 696e 7669 , in.a user-invi\n+000218d0: 7369 626c 6520 7761 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 sible way.....Fi\n+000218e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000218f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 Node: Menu inter\n+00021900: 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 656e face, Next: Men\n+00021910: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 u entry editor, \n+00021920: 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c Prev: Command-l\n+00021930: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 ine interface, \n+00021940: 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 Up: Interface..1\n+00021950: 342e 3220 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 4.2 The simple m\n+00021960: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 3d3d enu interface.==\n 00021970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 ========..The me\n-00021990: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 nu interface is \n-000219a0: 7175 6974 6520 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7573 quite easy to us\n-000219b0: 652e 2020 4974 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 e. Its commands\n-000219c0: 2061 7265 2062 6f74 680a 7265 6173 6f6e are both.reason\n-000219d0: 6162 6c79 2069 6e74 7569 7469 7665 2061 ably intuitive a\n-000219e0: 6e64 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 nd described on \n-000219f0: 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4261 7369 screen... Basi\n-00021a00: 6361 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 cally, the menu \n-00021a10: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 interface provid\n-00021a20: 6573 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 20e2 809c es a list of ...\n-00021a30: 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 e280 9d20 boot entries... \n-00021a40: 746f 0a74 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f 2063 to.the user to c\n-00021a50: 686f 6f73 6520 6672 6f6d 2e20 2055 7365 hoose from. Use\n-00021a60: 2074 6865 2061 7272 6f77 206b 6579 7320 the arrow keys \n-00021a70: 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 656e to select the en\n-00021a80: 7472 7920 6f66 0a63 686f 6963 652c 2074 try of.choice, t\n-00021a90: 6865 6e20 7072 6573 7320 3c52 4554 3e20 hen press \n-00021aa0: 746f 2072 756e 2069 742e 2020 416e 206f to run it. An o\n-00021ab0: 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 ptional timeout \n-00021ac0: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a is available to.\n-00021ad0: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 boot the default\n-00021ae0: 2065 6e74 7279 2028 7468 6520 6669 7273 entry (the firs\n-00021af0: 7420 6f6e 6520 6966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 t one if not set\n-00021b00: 292c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6162 6f72 ), which is abor\n-00021b10: 7465 6420 6279 0a70 7265 7373 696e 6720 ted by.pressing \n-00021b20: 616e 7920 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d any key... Com\n-00021b30: 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 mands are availa\n-00021b40: 626c 6520 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2061 2062 ble to enter a b\n-00021b50: 6172 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 are command-line\n-00021b60: 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 633e by pressing \n-00021b70: 0a28 7768 6963 6820 6f70 6572 6174 6573 .(which operates\n-00021b80: 2065 7861 6374 6c79 206c 696b 6520 7468 exactly like th\n-00021b90: 6520 6e6f 6e2d 636f 6e66 6967 2d66 696c e non-config-fil\n-00021ba0: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 e version of GRU\n-00021bb0: 422c 2062 7574 0a61 6c6c 6f77 7320 6f6e B, but.allows on\n-00021bc0: 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2074 e to return to t\n-00021bd0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6966 2064 6573 6972 he menu if desir\n-00021be0: 6564 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c ed by pressing <\n-00021bf0: 4553 433e 2920 6f72 2074 6f0a 6564 6974 ESC>) or to.edit\n-00021c00: 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c62 any of the ...b\n-00021c10: 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 73e2 809d 2062 oot entries... b\n-00021c20: 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 653e 2e0a y pressing ..\n-00021c30: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2070 726f 7465 . 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Oth\n+00022280: 6572 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 ers may be used \n+00022290: 6672 6565 6c79 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2063 freely in GRUB c\n+000222a0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+000222b0: 6573 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 es...* Menu:..* \n+000222c0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+000222d0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 733a 3a0a ent variables::.\n+000222e0: 2a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c * Environment bl\n+000222f0: 6f63 6b3a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ock::....File: g\n+00022300: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00022310: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00022320: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 ment variables, \n+00022330: 204e 6578 743a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Next: Environme\n+00022340: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2045 nt block, Up: E\n+00022350: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e31 nvironment..15.1\n+00022360: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00022370: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a3d ment variables.=\n 00022380: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00022390: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-000223a0: 6865 7365 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2068 hese variables h\n-000223b0: 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 616e ave special mean\n-000223c0: 696e 6720 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2a20 ing to GRUB...* \n-000223d0: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 696f 736e 756d Menu:..* biosnum\n-000223e0: 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 ::.* check_signa\n-000223f0: 7475 7265 733a 3a0a 2a20 6368 6f73 656e tures::.* chosen\n-00022400: 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 3a3a 0a2a ::.* cmdpath::.*\n-00022410: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 color_highlight\n-00022420: 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 ::.* color_norma\n-00022430: 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 l::.* config_dir\n-00022440: 6563 746f 7279 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6e 6669 ectory::.* confi\n-00022450: 675f 6669 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 2064 6562 7567 g_file::.* debug\n-00022460: 3a3a 0a2a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a 0a2a ::.* default::.*\n-00022470: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b3a 3a0a 2a20 6766 fallback::.* gf\n-00022480: 786d 6f64 653a 3a0a 2a20 6766 7870 6179 xmode::.* gfxpay\n-00022490: 6c6f 6164 3a3a 0a2a 2067 6678 7465 726d load::.* gfxterm\n-000224a0: 5f66 6f6e 743a 3a0a 2a20 6772 7562 5f63 _font::.* grub_c\n-000224b0: 7075 3a3a 0a2a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 pu::.* grub_plat\n-000224c0: 666f 726d 3a3a 0a2a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 form::.* icondir\n-000224d0: 3a3a 0a2a 206c 616e 673a 3a0a 2a20 6c6f ::.* lang::.* lo\n-000224e0: 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 3a3a 0a2a 206c 6f63 cale_dir::.* loc\n-000224f0: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 kdown::.* menu_c\n-00022500: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 3a3a olor_highlight::\n-00022510: 0a2a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f .* menu_color_no\n-00022520: 726d 616c 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e rmal::.* net__boot_fi\n-00022540: 6c65 3a3a 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2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 ext: check_signa\n-000227b0: 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 tures, Up: Spec\n-000227c0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-000227d0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-000227e0: 3120 6269 6f73 6e75 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1 biosnum.------\n-000227f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5768 656e 2063 --------..When c\n-00022800: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f hain-loading ano\n-00022810: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther boot loader\n-00022820: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f (*note Chain-lo\n-00022830: 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 206d ading::), GRUB m\n-00022840: 6179 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 ay.need to know \n-00022850: 7768 6174 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6520 what BIOS drive \n-00022860: 6e75 6d62 6572 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e number correspon\n-00022870: 6473 2074 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 ds to the root d\n-00022880: 6576 6963 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2072 6f6f evice.(*note roo\n-00022890: 743a 3a29 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 t::) so that it \n-000228a0: 6361 6e20 7365 7420 7570 2072 6567 6973 can set up regis\n-000228b0: 7465 7273 2070 726f 7065 726c 792e 2020 ters properly. \n-000228c0: 4966 2074 6865 2042 494f 534e 554d 0a76 If the BIOSNUM.v\n-000228d0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n-000228e0: 6974 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2047 5255 it overrides GRU\n-000228f0: 4227 7320 6f77 6e20 6d65 616e 7320 6f66 B's own means of\n-00022900: 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 7468 6973 2e0a guessing this..\n-00022910: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 616e 2061 6c74 6572 . For an alter\n-00022920: 6e61 7469 7665 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 native approach \n-00022930: 7768 6963 6820 616c 736f 2063 6861 6e67 which also chang\n-00022940: 6573 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6520 6d61 es BIOS drive ma\n-00022950: 7070 696e 6773 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2063 ppings.for the c\n-00022960: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 6420 7379 7374 hain-loaded syst\n-00022970: 656d 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d em, *note drivem\n-00022980: 6170 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ap::.....File: g\n-00022990: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000229a0: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n-000229b0: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6f73 656e s, Next: chosen\n-000229c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 696f 736e 756d , Prev: biosnum\n-000229d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-000229e0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000229f0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 2063 6865 bles..15.1.2 che\n-00022a00: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2d2d ck_signatures.--\n-00022a10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n-00022a30: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7768 able controls wh\n-00022a40: 6574 6865 7220 4752 5542 2065 6e66 6f72 ether GRUB enfor\n-00022a50: 6365 7320 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ces digital sign\n-00022a60: 6174 7572 650a 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e ature.validation\n-00022a70: 206f 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 696c 6573 on loaded files\n-00022a80: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 . *Note Using d\n-00022a90: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n-00022aa0: 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 s::.....File: gr\n-00022ab0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00022ac0: 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 chosen, Next: c\n-00022ad0: 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 mdpath, Prev: c\n-00022ae0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c heck_signatures,\n-00022af0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00022b00: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00022b10: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3320 6368 6f73 les..15.1.3 chos\n-00022b20: 656e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d en.-------------\n-00022b30: 0a0a 5768 656e 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 ..When executing\n-00022b40: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2047 a menu entry, G\n-00022b50: 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 2043 484f RUB sets the CHO\n-00022b60: 5345 4e20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 SEN variable to \n-00022b70: 7468 6520 7469 746c 650a 6f66 2074 6865 the title.of the\n-00022b80: 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6569 6e67 2065 7865 entry being exe\n-00022b90: 6375 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 cuted... If th\n-00022ba0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 e menu entry is \n-00022bb0: 696e 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2073 in one or more s\n-00022bc0: 7562 6d65 6e75 732c 2074 6865 6e20 4348 ubmenus, then CH\n-00022bd0: 4f53 454e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a74 OSEN is set to.t\n-00022be0: 6865 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 2065 6163 he titles of eac\n-00022bf0: 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 h of the submenu\n-00022c00: 7320 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 s starting from \n-00022c10: 7468 6520 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 666f the top level fo\n-00022c20: 6c6c 6f77 6564 0a62 7920 7468 6520 7469 llowed.by the ti\n-00022c30: 746c 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 tle of the menu \n-00022c40: 656e 7472 7920 6974 7365 6c66 2c20 7365 entry itself, se\n-00022c50: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 parated by ...>.\n-00022c60: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n-00022c70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-00022c80: 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 mdpath, Next: c\n-00022c90: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 olor_highlight, \n-00022ca0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 Prev: chosen, \n-00022cb0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00022cc0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00022cd0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3420 636d 6470 6174 s..15.1.4 cmdpat\n-00022ce0: 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d h.--------------\n-00022cf0: 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 ..The location f\n-00022d00: 726f 6d20 7768 6963 6820 e280 9863 6f72 rom which ...cor\n-00022d10: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2077 6173 206c 6f61 e.img... was loa\n-00022d20: 6465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 ded as an absolu\n-00022d30: 7465 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6e 616d te directory.nam\n-00022d40: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 e (*note File na\n-00022d50: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 me syntax::). T\n-00022d60: 6869 7320 6973 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 his is set by GR\n-00022d70: 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 7020 6261 UB at startup ba\n-00022d80: 7365 640a 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 sed.on informati\n-00022d90: 6f6e 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 2070 on returned by p\n-00022da0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 latform firmware\n-00022db0: 2e20 204e 6f74 2065 7665 7279 2070 6c61 . Not every pla\n-00022dc0: 7466 6f72 6d0a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2074 tform.provides t\n-00022dd0: 6869 7320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 his information \n-00022de0: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206d 6179 2072 6574 and some may ret\n-00022df0: 7572 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2064 6576 6963 6520 urn only device \n-00022e00: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7061 7468 0a6e 616d without path.nam\n-00022e10: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-00022e20: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f .info, Node: co\n-00022e30: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 lor_highlight, \n-00022e40: 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d Next: color_norm\n-00022e50: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d64 7061 al, Prev: cmdpa\n-00022e60: 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c th, Up: Special\n-00022e70: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00022e80: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e35 2063 iables..15.1.5 c\n-00022e90: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d olor_highlight.-\n-00022ea0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n-00022ec0: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 able contains th\n-00022ed0: 6520 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 2220 666f e \"highlight\" fo\n-00022ee0: 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 reground and bac\n-00022ef0: 6b67 726f 756e 640a 7465 726d 696e 616c kground.terminal\n-00022f00: 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 colors, separat\n-00022f10: 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 ed by a slash (.\n-00022f20: 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e ../...). Settin\n-00022f30: 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a g this variable.\n-00022f40: 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f changes those co\n-00022f50: 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 lors. For the a\n-00022f60: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e vailable color n\n-00022f70: 616d 6573 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f ames, *note.colo\n-00022f80: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 r_normal::... \n-00022f90: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 The default is .\n-00022fa0: 8098 626c 6163 6b2f 6c69 6768 742d 6772 ..black/light-gr\n-00022fb0: 6179 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ay........File: \n-00022fc0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00022fd0: 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 : color_normal, \n-00022fe0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 Next: config_di\n-00022ff0: 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 rectory, Prev: \n-00023000: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c color_highlight,\n-00023010: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00023020: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00023030: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3620 636f 6c6f les..15.1.6 colo\n-00023040: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r_normal.-------\n-00023050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-00023060: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 is variable cont\n-00023070: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2022 6e6f 726d 616c ains the \"normal\n-00023080: 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 \" foreground and\n-00023090: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 7465 726d background term\n-000230a0: 696e 616c 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 6570 inal.colors, sep\n-000230b0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 arated by a slas\n-000230c0: 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 h (.../...). Se\n-000230d0: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 tting this varia\n-000230e0: 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 ble changes thos\n-000230f0: 650a 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2045 6163 6820 e.colors. Each \n-00023100: 636f 6c6f 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 color must be a \n-00023110: 6e61 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 666f name from the fo\n-00023120: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6c69 7374 3a0a 0a20 llowing list:.. \n-00023130: 2020 e280 a220 626c 6163 6b0a 2020 20e2 ... black. .\n-00023140: 80a2 2062 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 2067 .. blue. ... g\n-00023150: 7265 656e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6379 616e reen. ... cyan\n-00023160: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7265 640a 2020 20e2 . ... red. .\n-00023170: 80a2 206d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 e280 .. magenta. ..\n-00023180: a220 6272 6f77 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c . brown. ... l\n-00023190: 6967 6874 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 ight-gray. ...\n-000231a0: 2064 6172 6b2d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 e280 dark-gray. ..\n-000231b0: a220 6c69 6768 742d 626c 7565 0a20 2020 . light-blue. \n-000231c0: e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6565 6e0a ... light-green.\n-000231d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d63 7961 ... light-cya\n-000231e0: 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d72 n. ... light-r\n-000231f0: 6564 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d ed. ... light-\n-00023200: 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 2079 magenta. ... y\n-00023210: 656c 6c6f 770a 2020 20e2 80a2 2077 6869 ellow. ... whi\n-00023220: 7465 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 te.. The defau\n-00023230: 6c74 2069 7320 e280 986c 6967 6874 2d67 lt is ...light-g\n-00023240: 7261 792f 626c 6163 6be2 8099 2e0a 0a20 ray/black...... \n-00023250: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 The color supp\n-00023260: 6f72 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7661 7269 ort support vari\n-00023270: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7465 726d 696e 616c es from terminal\n-00023280: 2074 6f20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 to terminal... \n-00023290: 2020 e280 986d 6f72 7365 e280 9920 6861 ...morse... ha\n-000232a0: 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f s no color suppo\n-000232b0: 7274 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 rt at all... .\n-000232c0: 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 636f ..mda_text... co\n-000232d0: 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 206c lor support is l\n-000232e0: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 imited to highli\n-000232f0: 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 6b2f ghting by black/\n-00023300: 7768 6974 650a 7265 7665 7273 616c 2e0a white.reversal..\n-00023310: 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 . ...console..\n-00023320: 9920 6f6e 2041 5243 2c20 454d 5520 616e . on ARC, EMU an\n-00023330: 6420 4945 4545 3132 3735 2c20 e280 9873 d IEEE1275, ...s\n-00023340: 6572 6961 6c5f 2ae2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 erial_*... and .\n-00023350: 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d e280 9920 6172 ..spkmodem... ar\n-00023360: 650a 676f 7665 726e 6564 2062 7920 7465 e.governed by te\n-00023370: 726d 696e 666f 2061 6e64 2073 7570 706f rminfo and suppo\n-00023380: 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 3820 636f 6c6f 7273 rt only 8 colors\n-00023390: 2069 6620 696e 206d 6f64 6573 20e2 8098 if in modes ...\n-000233a0: 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 0a28 vt100-color....(\n-000233b0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 default for cons\n-000233c0: 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2065 6d75 292c 20e2 8098 ole on emu), ...\n-000233d0: 6172 63e2 8099 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 arc... (default \n-000233e0: 666f 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2041 for console on A\n-000233f0: 5243 292c 0ae2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 RC),....ieee1275\n-00023400: e280 9920 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 ... (default for\n-00023410: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 4945 4545 console on IEEE\n-00023420: 3132 3735 292e 2020 5768 656e 2069 6e20 1275). When in \n-00023430: 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 7674 3130 30e2 8099 mode ...vt100...\n-00023440: 2074 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 then.the color \n-00023450: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 206c 696d 6974 support is limit\n-00023460: 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7469 ed to highlighti\n-00023470: 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 ng by black/whit\n-00023480: 6520 7265 7665 7273 616c 2e0a 5768 656e e reversal..When\n-00023490: 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 in mode ...dumb\n-000234a0: e280 9920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 ... there is no \n-000234b0: 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a color support...\n-000234c0: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 When console \n-000234d0: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f supports no colo\n-000234e0: 7273 2074 6869 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 rs this setting \n-000234f0: 6973 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e20 2057 6865 is ignored. Whe\n-00023500: 6e0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 6f72 n.console suppor\n-00023510: 7473 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2074 6865 ts 8 colors, the\n-00023520: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2066 726f n the colors fro\n-00023530: 6d20 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2068 616c m the second hal\n-00023540: 6620 6f66 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 f of the.previou\n-00023550: 7320 6c69 7374 2061 7265 206d 6170 7065 s list are mappe\n-00023560: 6420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6174 6368 696e d to the matchin\n-00023570: 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 206f 6620 6669 7273 g colors of firs\n-00023580: 7420 6861 6c66 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 t half... ...c\n-00023590: 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2045 4649 onsole... on EFI\n-000235a0: 2061 6e64 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 e280 and BIOS and ..\n-000235b0: 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2073 7570 .vga_text... sup\n-000235c0: 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f port all 16 colo\n-000235d0: 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 rs... ...gfxte\n-000235e0: 726d e280 9920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 rm... supports a\n-000235f0: 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2061 6e64 ll 16 colors and\n-00023600: 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7468 656f 7265 would be theore\n-00023610: 7469 6361 6c6c 790a 6578 7465 6e64 6162 tically.extendab\n-00023620: 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7768 le to support wh\n-00023630: 6f6c 6520 7267 6232 3420 7061 6c65 7474 ole rgb24 palett\n-00023640: 6520 6275 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 e but currently \n-00023650: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 there is no.comp\n-00023660: 656c 6c69 6e67 2072 6561 736f 6e20 746f elling reason to\n-00023670: 2067 6f20 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 2063 go beyond the c\n-00023680: 7572 7265 6e74 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 urrent 16 colors\n-00023690: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000236a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e info, Node: con\n-000236b0: 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 fig_directory, \n-000236c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c Next: config_fil\n-000236d0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f e, Prev: color_\n-000236e0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 normal, Up: Spe\n-000236f0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00023700: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00023710: 2e37 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 .7 config_direct\n-00023720: 6f72 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ory.------------\n-00023730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n-00023740: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6175 s variable is au\n-00023750: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 tomatically set \n-00023760: 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 2064 by GRUB to the d\n-00023770: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2070 6172 7420 6f66 irectory part of\n-00023780: 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 .current configu\n-00023790: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 ration file name\n-000237a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 (*note config_f\n-000237b0: 696c 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ile::).....File:\n-000237c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000237d0: 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 e: config_file, \n-000237e0: 204e 6578 743a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 2050 Next: debug, P\n-000237f0: 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 rev: config_dire\n-00023800: 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 ctory, Up: Spec\n-00023810: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00023820: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00023830: 3820 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 650a 2d2d 8 config_file.--\n-00023840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00023850: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n-00023860: 6973 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 is automatically\n-00023870: 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2074 6f20 set by GRUB to \n-00023880: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 636f 6e66 the name of conf\n-00023890: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 6669 6c65 2074 iguration.file t\n-000238a0: 6861 7420 6973 2062 6569 6e67 2070 726f hat is being pro\n-000238b0: 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 616e cessed by comman\n-000238c0: 6473 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 ds ...configfile\n-000238d0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6e 6669 ... (*note.confi\n-000238e0: 6766 696c 653a 3a29 206f 7220 e280 986e gfile::) or ...n\n-000238f0: 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ormal... (*note \n-00023900: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 2069 normal::). It i\n-00023910: 7320 7265 7374 6f72 6564 2074 6f20 7468 s restored to th\n-00023920: 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 616c 7565 e.previous value\n-00023930: 2077 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f when command co\n-00023940: 6d70 6c65 7465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 mpletes.....File\n-00023950: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00023960: 6465 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 4e65 7874 de: debug, Next\n-00023970: 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 5072 6576 : default, Prev\n-00023980: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 : config_file, \n-00023990: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-000239a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-000239b0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3920 6465 6275 670a s..15.1.9 debug.\n-000239c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-000239d0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 is variable may \n-000239e0: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 be set to enable\n-000239f0: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 debugging outpu\n-00023a00: 7420 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a63 t from various.c\n-00023a10: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6f66 2047 5255 omponents of GRU\n-00023a20: 422e 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 B. The value is \n-00023a30: 616e 206f 7264 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 an ordered list \n-00023a40: 6f66 2064 6562 7567 2066 6163 696c 6974 of debug facilit\n-00023a50: 7920 6e61 6d65 730a 7365 7061 7261 7465 y names.separate\n-00023a60: 6420 6279 2077 6869 7465 7370 6163 6520 d by whitespace \n-00023a70: 6f72 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 or ...,.... If \n-00023a80: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6661 6369 the special faci\n-00023a90: 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 616c lity named ...al\n-00023aa0: 6ce2 8099 2069 730a 7072 6573 656e 7420 l... is.present \n-00023ab0: 7468 656e 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f then debugging o\n-00023ac0: 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2061 6c6c 2066 6163 utput of all fac\n-00023ad0: 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6973 2065 ility names is e\n-00023ae0: 6e61 626c 6564 2061 7420 7468 650a 7374 nabled at the.st\n-00023af0: 6172 7420 6f66 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e art of processin\n-00023b00: 6720 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 g the value of t\n-00023b10: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 2041 his variable. A\n-00023b20: 2066 6163 696c 6974 7927 7320 6465 6275 facility's debu\n-00023b30: 670a 6f75 7470 7574 2063 616e 2074 6865 g.output can the\n-00023b40: 6e20 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 n be disabled by\n-00023b50: 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2069 7473 206e prefixing its n\n-00023b60: 616d 6520 7769 7468 2061 20e2 8098 2de2 ame with a ...-.\n-00023b70: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6173 740a 6f63 ... The last.oc\n-00023b80: 6375 7265 6e63 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 curence facility\n-00023b90: 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 206f 7220 7769 name with or wi\n-00023ba0: 7468 6f75 7420 6120 6c65 6164 696e 6720 thout a leading \n-00023bb0: e280 982d e280 9920 7461 6b65 7320 7072 ...-... takes pr\n-00023bc0: 6563 656e 6465 6e74 0a6f 7665 7220 616e ecendent.over an\n-00023bd0: 7920 7072 6576 696f 7573 206f 6363 7572 y previous occur\n-00023be0: 656e 6365 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f ence. This allo\n-00023bf0: 7773 2074 6865 2065 6173 7920 656e 6162 ws the easy enab\n-00023c00: 6c69 6e67 206f 7220 6469 7361 626c 696e ling or disablin\n-00023c10: 670a 6f66 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 g.of facilities \n-00023c20: 6279 2061 7070 656e 6469 6e67 2061 20e2 by appending a .\n-00023c30: 8098 2ce2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 ..,... and then \n-00023c40: 7468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d the facility nam\n-00023c50: 6520 7769 7468 206f 720a 7769 7468 6f75 e with or.withou\n-00023c60: 7420 7468 6520 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 t the leading ..\n-00023c70: 982d e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c .-..., which wil\n-00023c80: 6c20 7072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 l preserve the s\n-00023c90: 7461 7465 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 7374 tate of the rest\n-00023ca0: 206f 660a 7468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7469 of.the faciliti\n-00023cb0: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 es. The facilit\n-00023cc0: 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7468 6520 y names are the \n-00023cd0: 6669 7273 7420 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 first argument t\n-00023ce0: 6f0a 6772 7562 5f64 7072 696e 7466 2e20 o.grub_dprintf. \n-00023cf0: 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2074 6865 2073 6f75 Consult the sou\n-00023d00: 7263 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 rce for more det\n-00023d10: 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ails.....File: g\n-00023d20: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00023d30: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a default, Next:\n-00023d40: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 fallback, Prev\n-00023d50: 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 : debug, Up: Sp\n-00023d60: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00023d70: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00023d80: 312e 3130 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a2d 2d2d 1.10 default.---\n-00023d90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n-00023da0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-00023db0: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e 7469 s set, it identi\n-00023dc0: 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 fies a menu entr\n-00023dd0: 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 y that should be\n-00023de0: 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 6279 2064 6566 .selected by def\n-00023df0: 6175 6c74 2c20 706f 7373 6962 6c79 2061 ault, possibly a\n-00023e00: 6674 6572 2061 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 fter a timeout (\n-00023e10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 *note timeout::)\n-00023e20: 2e20 2054 6865 0a65 6e74 7279 206d 6179 . The.entry may\n-00023e30: 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 be identified b\n-00023e40: 7920 6e75 6d62 6572 2028 7374 6172 7469 y number (starti\n-00023e50: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 3020 6174 2065 6163 ng from 0 at eac\n-00023e60: 6820 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 0a68 h level of the.h\n-00023e70: 6965 7261 7263 6879 292c 2062 7920 7469 ierarchy), by ti\n-00023e80: 746c 652c 206f 7220 6279 2069 642e 0a0a tle, or by id...\n-00023e90: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 For example, \n-00023ea0: 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 6d65 if you have:..me\n-00023eb0: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2745 7861 6d70 6c65 nuentry 'Example\n-00023ec0: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2064 6973 7472 GNU/Linux distr\n-00023ed0: 6962 7574 696f 6e27 202d 2d63 6c61 7373 ibution' --class\n-00023ee0: 2067 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 202d 2d69 6420 gnu-linux --id \n-00023ef0: 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 example-gnu-linu\n-00023f00: 7820 7b0a 092e 2e2e 0a7d 0a0a 2020 2074 x {......}.. t\n-00023f10: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 hen you can make\n-00023f20: 2074 6869 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c this the defaul\n-00023f30: 7420 7573 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2064 t using:.. d\n-00023f40: 6566 6175 6c74 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 efault=example-g\n-00023f50: 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 nu-linux.. If \n-00023f60: 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2069 6e20 the entry is in \n-00023f70: 6120 7375 626d 656e 752c 2074 6865 6e20 a submenu, then \n-00023f80: 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6465 6e74 it must be ident\n-00023f90: 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a ified using the.\n-00023fa0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7469 746c 652c 206f number, title, o\n-00023fb0: 7220 6964 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f 6620 r id of each of \n-00023fc0: 7468 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 7461 the submenus sta\n-00023fd0: 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 rting from the t\n-00023fe0: 6f70 0a6c 6576 656c 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 op.level, follow\n-00023ff0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 ed by the number\n-00024000: 2c20 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6964 206f , title, or id o\n-00024010: 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 f the menu entry\n-00024020: 2069 7473 656c 662c 0a77 6974 6820 6561 itself,.with ea\n-00024030: 6368 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6570 6172 ch element separ\n-00024040: 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 983e e280 992e ated by ...>....\n-00024050: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 For example, t\n-00024060: 616b 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e ake the followin\n-00024070: 670a 6d65 6e75 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 g.menu structure\n-00024080: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 474e 552f 4875 7264 :.. GNU/Hurd\n-00024090: 202d 2d69 6420 676e 752d 6875 7264 0a20 --id gnu-hurd. \n-000240a0: 2020 2020 2020 5374 616e 6461 7264 2042 Standard B\n-000240b0: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 7572 oot --id=gnu-hur\n-000240c0: 642d 7374 640a 2020 2020 2020 2052 6573 d-std. Res\n-000240d0: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 2d2d 6964 3d67 cue shell --id=g\n-000240e0: 6e75 2d68 7572 642d 7265 7363 7565 0a20 nu-hurd-rescue. \n-000240f0: 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7220 706c 6174 666f Other platfo\n-00024100: 726d 7320 2d2d 6964 3d6f 7468 6572 0a20 rms --id=other. \n-00024110: 2020 2020 2020 4d69 6e69 7820 2d2d 6964 Minix --id\n-00024120: 3d6d 696e 6978 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 =minix. \n-00024130: 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 342e 3020 2d2d Version 3.4.0 --\n-00024140: 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 0a20 id=minix-3.4.0. \n-00024150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 Version \n-00024160: 332e 332e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 3.3.0 --id=minix\n-00024170: 2d33 2e33 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4752 -3.3.0. GR\n-00024180: 5542 2049 6e76 6164 6572 7320 2d2d 6964 UB Invaders --id\n-00024190: 3d67 7275 622d 696e 7661 6465 7273 0a0a =grub-invaders..\n-000241a0: 2020 2054 6865 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6365 The more rece\n-000241b0: 6e74 2072 656c 6561 7365 206f 6620 4d69 nt release of Mi\n-000241c0: 6e69 7820 776f 756c 6420 7468 656e 2062 nix would then b\n-000241d0: 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2061 7320 e identified as \n-000241e0: e280 984f 7468 6572 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 ...Other.platfor\n-000241f0: 6d73 3e4d 696e 6978 3e56 6572 7369 6f6e ms>Minix>Version\n-00024200: 2033 2e34 2e30 e280 992c 206f 7220 6173 3.4.0..., or as\n-00024210: 20e2 8098 313e 303e 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 ...1>0>0..., or\n-00024220: 2061 730a e280 986f 7468 6572 3e6d 696e as....other>min\n-00024230: 6978 3e6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 e280 ix>minix-3.4.0..\n-00024240: 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 .... This vari\n-00024250: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 able is often se\n-00024260: 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 t by ...GRUB_DEF\n-00024270: 4155 4c54 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 AULT... (*note S\n-00024280: 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple.configurat\n-00024290: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d ion::), ...grub-\n-000242a0: 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2c20 set-default..., \n-000242b0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d72 6562 6f6f or ...grub-reboo\n-000242c0: 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 t........File: g\n-000242d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000242e0: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 fallback, Next\n-000242f0: 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5072 6576 : gfxmode, Prev\n-00024300: 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 5570 3a20 : default, Up: \n-00024310: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00024320: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00024330: 352e 312e 3131 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b0a 5.1.11 fallback.\n-00024340: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024350: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n-00024360: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 le is set, it id\n-00024370: 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 entifies a menu \n-00024380: 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c entry that shoul\n-00024390: 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 6966 d be.selected if\n-000243a0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e the default men\n-000243b0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6661 696c 7320 746f u entry fails to\n-000243c0: 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 456e 7472 6965 7320 boot. Entries \n-000243d0: 6172 650a 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2069 are.identified i\n-000243e0: 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2077 6179 2061 n the same way a\n-000243f0: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 s for ...default\n-00024400: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 6566 6175 ... (*note defau\n-00024410: 6c74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 lt::).....File: \n-00024420: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00024430: 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 : gfxmode, Next\n-00024440: 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2050 : gfxpayload, P\n-00024450: 7265 763a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 rev: fallback, \n-00024460: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00024470: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00024480: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3132 2067 6678 6d6f s..15.1.12 gfxmo\n-00024490: 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d de.-------------\n-000244a0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n-000244b0: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n-000244c0: 7365 7473 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 sets the resolut\n-000244d0: 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ion used on the \n-000244e0: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 990a 6772 ...gfxterm....gr\n-000244f0: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c aphical terminal\n-00024500: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 . Note that you\n-00024510: 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6520 6d6f can only use mo\n-00024520: 6465 7320 7768 6963 6820 796f 7572 0a67 des which your.g\n-00024530: 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2073 7570 raphics card sup\n-00024540: 706f 7274 7320 7669 6120 5645 5341 2042 ports via VESA B\n-00024550: 494f 5320 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 IOS Extensions (\n-00024560: 5642 4529 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 VBE), so for exa\n-00024570: 6d70 6c65 0a6e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 mple.native LCD \n-00024580: 7061 6e65 6c20 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e panel resolution\n-00024590: 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 s may not be ava\n-000245a0: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 ilable. The def\n-000245b0: 6175 6c74 2069 730a e280 9861 7574 6fe2 ault is....auto.\n-000245c0: 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7365 6c65 6374 .., which select\n-000245d0: 7320 6120 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 s a platform-spe\n-000245e0: 6369 6669 6320 6465 6661 756c 7420 7468 cific default th\n-000245f0: 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b 0a72 at should look.r\n-00024600: 6561 736f 6e61 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 easonable. Supp\n-00024610: 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 7320 6361 6e20 orted modes can \n-00024620: 6265 206c 6973 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 be listed by ...\n-00024630: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6fe2 8099 2063 6f6d videoinfo... com\n-00024640: 6d61 6e64 2069 6e0a 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 mand in.GRUB... \n-00024650: 2020 5468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e The resolution\n-00024660: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 may be specifie\n-00024670: 6420 6173 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 d as a sequence \n-00024680: 6f66 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 206d of one or more m\n-00024690: 6f64 6573 2c0a 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 odes,.separated \n-000246a0: 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 7320 28e2 8098 2ce2 by commas (...,.\n-000246b0: 8099 2920 6f72 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e ..) or semicolon\n-000246c0: 7320 28e2 8098 3be2 8099 293b 2065 6163 s (...;...); eac\n-000246d0: 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6965 6420 h will be tried \n-000246e0: 696e 0a74 7572 6e20 756e 7469 6c20 6f6e in.turn until on\n-000246f0: 6520 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2e20 2045 6163 e is found. Eac\n-00024700: 6820 6d6f 6465 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 h mode should be\n-00024710: 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 either ...auto.\n-00024720: 8099 2c0a e280 9857 4944 5448 7848 4549 ..,....WIDTHxHEI\n-00024730: 4748 54e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 5749 GHT..., or ...WI\n-00024740: 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 7844 4550 5448 DTHxHEIGHTxDEPTH\n-00024750: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00024760: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024770: 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 204e 6578 gfxpayload, Nex\n-00024780: 743a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c t: gfxterm_font,\n-00024790: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c Prev: gfxmode,\n-000247a0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-000247b0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-000247c0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3133 2067 6678 les..15.1.13 gfx\n-000247d0: 7061 796c 6f61 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d payload.--------\n-000247e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 ----------..If t\n-000247f0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-00024800: 7365 742c 2069 7420 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 set, it controls\n-00024810: 2074 6865 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6520 the video mode \n-00024820: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 204c 696e in which the Lin\n-00024830: 7578 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 7374 6172 7473 ux.kernel starts\n-00024840: 2075 702c 2072 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 2074 up, replacing t\n-00024850: 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 626f he ...vga=... bo\n-00024860: 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 ot option (*note\n-00024870: 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 0a6d linux::). It.m\n-00024880: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 ay be set to ...\n-00024890: 7465 7874 e280 9920 746f 2066 6f72 6365 text... to force\n-000248a0: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 the Linux kerne\n-000248b0: 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e 6f72 l to boot in nor\n-000248c0: 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 652c 20e2 mal text.mode, .\n-000248d0: 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 746f 2070 7265 ..keep... to pre\n-000248e0: 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 6772 6170 6869 serve the graphi\n-000248f0: 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7420 7573 696e cs mode set usin\n-00024900: 6720 e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 992c g ...gfxmode...,\n-00024910: 206f 7220 616e 790a 6f66 2074 6865 2070 or any.of the p\n-00024920: 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2076 616c 7565 7320 ermitted values \n-00024930: 666f 7220 e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 for ...gfxmode..\n-00024940: 9920 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 7469 . to set a parti\n-00024950: 6375 6c61 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d cular graphics m\n-00024960: 6f64 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6678 6d6f ode.(*note gfxmo\n-00024970: 6465 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2044 6570 656e de::)... Depen\n-00024980: 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 ding on your ker\n-00024990: 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 nel, your distri\n-000249a0: 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 bution, your gra\n-000249b0: 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c20 616e 640a phics card, and.\n-000249c0: 7468 6520 7068 6173 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the phase of the\n-000249d0: 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 moon, note that\n-000249e0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 using this opti\n-000249f0: 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 2047 4e55 on may cause GNU\n-00024a00: 2f4c 696e 7578 0a74 6f20 7375 6666 6572 /Linux.to suffer\n-00024a10: 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 from various di\n-00024a20: 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 splay problems, \n-00024a30: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2064 7572 particularly dur\n-00024a40: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6561 726c 790a 7061 ing the early.pa\n-00024a50: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 rt of the boot s\n-00024a60: 6571 7565 6e63 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 equence. If you\n-00024a70: 2068 6176 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 have problems, \n-00024a80: 7365 7420 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c set this variabl\n-00024a90: 6520 746f 0ae2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 e to....text... \n-00024aa0: 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 and GRUB will te\n-00024ab0: 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 ll Linux to boot\n-00024ac0: 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 7420 in normal text \n-00024ad0: 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 mode... The de\n-00024ae0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 fault is platfor\n-00024af0: 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 204f 6e20 m-specific. On \n-00024b00: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7769 7468 2061 platforms with a\n-00024b10: 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 native text.mod\n-00024b20: 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 2050 4320 4249 e (such as PC BI\n-00024b30: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 292c 2074 OS platforms), t\n-00024b40: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 he default is ..\n-00024b50: 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 .text.... Other\n-00024b60: 7769 7365 2074 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 wise the.default\n-00024b70: 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 may be ...auto.\n-00024b80: 8099 206f 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 .. or a specific\n-00024b90: 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 video mode... \n-00024ba0: 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 This variable i\n-00024bb0: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 s often set by .\n-00024bc0: 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 ..GRUB_GFXPAYLOA\n-00024bd0: 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 D_LINUX... (*not\n-00024be0: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple.configu\n-00024bf0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ration::).....Fi\n-00024c00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00024c10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f Node: gfxterm_fo\n-00024c20: 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f nt, Next: grub_\n-00024c30: 6370 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 7870 cpu, Prev: gfxp\n-00024c40: 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ayload, Up: Spe\n-00024c50: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00024c60: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00024c70: 2e31 3420 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 .14 gfxterm_font\n-00024c80: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00024c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n-00024ca0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n-00024cb0: 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2066 6f6e 7420 it names a font \n-00024cc0: 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6578 7420 to use for text \n-00024cd0: 6f6e 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6766 7874 6572 on the....gfxter\n-00024ce0: 6de2 8099 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 m... graphical t\n-00024cf0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 erminal. Otherw\n-00024d00: 6973 652c 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 ise, ...gfxterm.\n-00024d10: 8099 206d 6179 2075 7365 2061 6e79 0a61 .. may use any.a\n-00024d20: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f6e 742e 0a0a vailable font...\n-00024d30: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00024d40: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 o, Node: grub_c\n-00024d50: 7075 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f pu, Next: grub_\n-00024d60: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2050 7265 763a platform, Prev:\n-00024d70: 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 gfxterm_font, \n-00024d80: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00024d90: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00024da0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3135 2067 7275 625f s..15.1.15 grub_\n-00024db0: 6370 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cpu.------------\n-00024dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 ----..In normal \n-00024dd0: 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d mode (*note norm\n-00024de0: 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 al::), GRUB sets\n-00024df0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f63 7075 the ...grub_cpu\n-00024e00: e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a ... variable to.\n-00024e10: 7468 6520 4350 5520 7479 7065 2066 6f72 the CPU type for\n-00024e20: 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 which GRUB was \n-00024e30: 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 built (e.g. ...\n-00024e40: 6933 3836 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 706f i386... or ...po\n-00024e50: 7765 7270 63e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 werpc...).....Fi\n-00024e60: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00024e70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 Node: grub_platf\n-00024e80: 6f72 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6963 6f6e orm, Next: icon\n-00024e90: 6469 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 7562 dir, Prev: grub\n-00024ea0: 5f63 7075 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 _cpu, Up: Speci\n-00024eb0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00024ec0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n-00024ed0: 3620 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 6 grub_platform.\n-00024ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c -----..In normal\n-00024f00: 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 mode (*note nor\n-00024f10: 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 mal::), GRUB set\n-00024f20: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f 706c s the ...grub_pl\n-00024f30: 6174 666f 726d e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 atform... variab\n-00024f40: 6c65 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f le.to the platfo\n-00024f50: 726d 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 rm for which GRU\n-00024f60: 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 B was built (e.g\n-00024f70: 2e20 20e2 8098 7063 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 . ...pc... or .\n-00024f80: 8098 6566 69e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ..efi...).....Fi\n-00024f90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00024fa0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 Node: icondir, \n-00024fb0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 Next: lang, Pre\n-00024fc0: 763a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d v: grub_platform\n-00024fd0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00024fe0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00024ff0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3720 6963 bles..15.1.17 ic\n-00025000: 6f6e 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ondir.----------\n-00025010: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n-00025020: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n-00025030: 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2064 6972 6563 it names a direc\n-00025040: 746f 7279 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 tory in which th\n-00025050: 6520 4752 5542 0a67 7261 7068 6963 616c e GRUB.graphical\n-00025060: 206d 656e 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f menu should loo\n-00025070: 6b20 666f 7220 6963 6f6e 7320 6166 7465 k for icons afte\n-00025080: 7220 6c6f 6f6b 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 r looking in the\n-00025090: 2074 6865 6d65 2773 0ae2 8098 6963 6f6e theme's....icon\n-000250a0: 73e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e20 s... directory. \n-000250b0: 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c *Note Theme fil\n-000250c0: 6520 666f 726d 6174 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e format::.....F\n-000250d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000250e0: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 616e 672c 2020 4e65 Node: lang, Ne\n-000250f0: 7874 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 xt: locale_dir, \n-00025100: 2050 7265 763a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 Prev: icondir, \n-00025110: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00025120: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00025130: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3820 6c61 6e67 es..15.1.18 lang\n-00025140: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 .------------..I\n-00025150: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n-00025160: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 is set, it names\n-00025170: 2074 6865 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 636f the language co\n-00025180: 6465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 9867 de that the ...g\n-00025190: 6574 7465 7874 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e ettext....comman\n-000251a0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 d (*note gettext\n-000251b0: 3a3a 2920 7573 6573 2074 6f20 7472 616e ::) uses to tran\n-000251c0: 736c 6174 6520 7374 7269 6e67 732e 2020 slate strings. \n-000251d0: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a46 7265 For example,.Fre\n-000251e0: 6e63 6820 776f 756c 6420 6265 206e 616d nch would be nam\n-000251f0: 6564 2061 7320 e280 9866 72e2 8099 2c20 ed as ...fr..., \n-00025200: 616e 6420 5369 6d70 6c69 6669 6564 2043 and Simplified C\n-00025210: 6869 6e65 7365 2061 7320 e280 987a 685f hinese as ...zh_\n-00025220: 434e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 CN...... ...gr\n-00025230: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 ub-mkconfig... (\n-00025240: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e *note Simple con\n-00025250: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 figuration::) wi\n-00025260: 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 7365 7420 610a ll try to set a.\n-00025270: 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2064 6566 6175 reasonable defau\n-00025280: 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 lt for this vari\n-00025290: 6162 6c65 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 able based on th\n-000252a0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 206c 6f63 616c 652e e system locale.\n-000252b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000252c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6361 nfo, Node: loca\n-000252d0: 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c le_dir, Next: l\n-000252e0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ockdown, Prev: \n-000252f0: 6c61 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 lang, Up: Speci\n-00025300: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025310: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n-00025320: 3920 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 9 locale_dir.---\n-00025330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00025340: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00025350: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d e is set, it nam\n-00025360: 6573 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 es the directory\n-00025370: 2077 6865 7265 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 where translati\n-00025380: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 on files.may be \n-00025390: 666f 756e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 found (*note get\n-000253a0: 7465 7874 3a3a 292c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 text::), usually\n-000253b0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c .../boot/grub/l\n-000253c0: 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 ocale.... Other\n-000253d0: 7769 7365 2c0a 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f wise,.internatio\n-000253e0: 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6469 nalization is di\n-000253f0: 7361 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 sabled... ...g\n-00025400: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-00025410: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f (*note Simple co\n-00025420: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 nfiguration::) w\n-00025430: 696c 6c20 7365 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e ill set a reason\n-00025440: 6162 6c65 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 able.default for\n-00025450: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-00025460: 6620 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 f internationali\n-00025470: 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 zation is needed\n-00025480: 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 0a74 7261 6e73 6c61 and any.transla\n-00025490: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 2061 tion files are a\n-000254a0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c vailable.....Fil\n-000254b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000254c0: 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 ode: lockdown, \n-000254d0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 Next: menu_color\n-000254e0: 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 _highlight, Pre\n-000254f0: 763a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 v: locale_dir, \n-00025500: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00025510: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00025520: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3230 206c 6f63 6b64 s..15.1.20 lockd\n-00025530: 6f77 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d own.------------\n-00025540: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n-00025550: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f riable is set to\n-00025560: 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 ...y..., it mea\n-00025570: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2068 6173 ns that GRUB has\n-00025580: 2065 6e74 6572 6564 202a 6e6f 7465 0a4c entered *note.L\n-00025590: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 6d6f 6465 2e0a ockdown:: mode..\n-000255a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000255b0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f fo, Node: menu_\n-000255c0: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c color_highlight,\n-000255d0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c Next: menu_col\n-000255e0: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 or_normal, Prev\n-000255f0: 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2055 703a : lockdown, Up:\n-00025600: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00025610: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00025620: 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 15.1.21 menu_col\n-00025630: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d or_highlight.---\n-00025640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 ---------..This \n-00025660: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e variable contain\n-00025670: 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 s the foreground\n-00025680: 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 and background \n-00025690: 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 colors to be use\n-000256a0: 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 d.for the highli\n-000256b0: 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 ghted menu entry\n-000256c0: 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 , separated by a\n-000256d0: 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 slash (.../...)\n-000256e0: 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 . Setting.this \n-000256f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 variable changes\n-00025700: 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 those colors. \n-00025710: 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c For the availabl\n-00025720: 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a e color names,.*\n-00025730: 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 note color_norma\n-00025740: 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 l::... The def\n-00025750: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 ault is the valu\n-00025760: 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 e of ...color_hi\n-00025770: 6768 6c69 6768 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ghlight... (*not\n-00025780: 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 e.color_highligh\n-00025790: 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 t::).....File: g\n-000257a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000257b0: 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d menu_color_norm\n-000257c0: 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c al, Next: net_<\n-000257d0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f 745f INTERFACE>_boot_\n-000257e0: 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e file, Prev: men\n-000257f0: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 u_color_highligh\n-00025800: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n-00025810: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00025820: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3232 206d ables..15.1.22 m\n-00025830: 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c enu_color_normal\n-00025840: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00025850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n-00025860: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 variable contai\n-00025870: 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e ns the foregroun\n-00025880: 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 d and background\n-00025890: 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 colors to be us\n-000258a0: 6564 0a66 6f72 206e 6f6e 2d68 6967 686c ed.for non-highl\n-000258b0: 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ighted menu entr\n-000258c0: 6965 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ies, separated b\n-000258d0: 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 y a slash (.../.\n-000258e0: 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 ..). Setting.th\n-000258f0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e is variable chan\n-00025900: 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 ges those colors\n-00025910: 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c . For the avail\n-00025920: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 able color names\n-00025930: 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f ,.*note color_no\n-00025940: 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 rmal::... The \n-00025950: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 default is the v\n-00025960: 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 alue of ...color\n-00025970: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 _normal... (*not\n-00025980: 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a e color_normal::\n-00025990: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-000259a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-000259b0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n-000259c0: 6f74 5f66 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ot_file, Next: \n-000259d0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-000259e0: 636c 6965 6e74 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a clientid, Prev:\n-000259f0: 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d menu_color_norm\n-00025a00: 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c al, Up: Special\n-00025a10: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00025a20: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3320 iables..15.1.23 \n-00025a30: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025a40: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d boot_file.------\n+00022390: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000223a0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 2076 6172 6961 626c =..These variabl\n+000223b0: 6573 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 es have special \n+000223c0: 6d65 616e 696e 6720 746f 2047 5255 422e meaning to GRUB.\n+000223d0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 696f ..* Menu:..* bio\n+000223e0: 736e 756d 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 snum::.* check_s\n+000223f0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a0a 2a20 6368 ignatures::.* ch\n+00022400: 6f73 656e 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 osen::.* cmdpath\n+00022410: 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c ::.* color_highl\n+00022420: 6967 6874 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e ight::.* color_n\n+00022430: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 ormal::.* config\n+00022440: 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3a3a 0a2a 2063 _directory::.* c\n+00022450: 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 2064 onfig_file::.* d\n+00022460: 6562 7567 3a3a 0a2a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ebug::.* default\n+00022470: 3a3a 0a2a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b3a 3a0a ::.* fallback::.\n+00022480: 2a20 6766 786d 6f64 653a 3a0a 2a20 6766 * gfxmode::.* gf\n+00022490: 7870 6179 6c6f 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0a2a 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a0a 2a20 ::.* prefix::.* \n+000226e0: 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 653a 3a0a 2a20 pxe_blksize::.* \n+000226f0: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 pxe_default_gate\n+00022700: 7761 793a 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 way::.* pxe_defa\n+00022710: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2072 ult_server::.* r\n+00022720: 6f6f 743a 3a0a 2a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 oot::.* shim_loc\n+00022730: 6b3a 3a0a 2a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 k::.* superusers\n+00022740: 3a3a 0a2a 2074 6865 6d65 3a3a 0a2a 2074 ::.* theme::.* t\n+00022750: 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 0a2a 2074 696d 656f imeout::.* timeo\n+00022760: 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 2074 706d ut_style::.* tpm\n+00022770: 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c3a 3a0a 0a1f _fail_fatal::...\n+00022780: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00022790: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 696f 736e 756d , Node: biosnum\n+000227a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 , Next: check_s\n+000227b0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 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If the BIOSN\n+000228d0: 554d 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 UM.variable is s\n+000228e0: 6574 2c20 6974 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 et, it overrides\n+000228f0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 6f77 6e20 6d65 616e GRUB's own mean\n+00022900: 7320 6f66 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 7468 s of guessing th\n+00022910: 6973 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 616e 2061 is... For an a\n+00022920: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2061 7070 726f lternative appro\n+00022930: 6163 6820 7768 6963 6820 616c 736f 2063 ach which also c\n+00022940: 6861 6e67 6573 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 hanges BIOS driv\n+00022950: 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6773 0a66 6f72 2074 e mappings.for t\n+00022960: 6865 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 6420 he chain-loaded \n+00022970: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 system, *note dr\n+00022980: 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ivemap::.....Fil\n+00022990: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000229a0: 6f64 653a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 ode: check_signa\n+000229b0: 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 tures, Next: ch\n+000229c0: 6f73 656e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 696f osen, Prev: bio\n+000229d0: 736e 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 snum, Up: Speci\n+000229e0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+000229f0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n+00022a00: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n+00022a10: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+00022a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 ---------..This \n+00022a30: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c variable control\n+00022a40: 7320 7768 6574 6865 7220 4752 5542 2065 s whether GRUB e\n+00022a50: 6e66 6f72 6365 7320 6469 6769 7461 6c20 nforces digital \n+00022a60: 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 7661 6c69 6461 signature.valida\n+00022a70: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 tion on loaded f\n+00022a80: 696c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 iles. *Note Usi\n+00022a90: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n+00022aa0: 7475 7265 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 tures::.....File\n+00022ab0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00022ac0: 6465 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 204e 6578 de: chosen, Nex\n+00022ad0: 743a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 t: cmdpath, Pre\n+00022ae0: 763a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 v: check_signatu\n+00022af0: 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 res, Up: Specia\n+00022b00: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00022b10: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3320 riables..15.1.3 \n+00022b20: 6368 6f73 656e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d chosen.---------\n+00022b30: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5768 656e 2065 7865 6375 ----..When execu\n+00022b40: 7469 6e67 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ting a menu entr\n+00022b50: 792c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 y, GRUB sets the\n+00022b60: 2043 484f 5345 4e20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 CHOSEN variable\n+00022b70: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7469 746c 650a 6f66 to the title.of\n+00022b80: 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6569 6e67 the entry being\n+00022b90: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2049 executed... I\n+00022ba0: 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 f the menu entry\n+00022bb0: 2069 7320 696e 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f is in one or mo\n+00022bc0: 7265 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 732c 2074 6865 re submenus, the\n+00022bd0: 6e20 4348 4f53 454e 2069 7320 7365 7420 n CHOSEN is set \n+00022be0: 746f 0a74 6865 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 to.the titles of\n+00022bf0: 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7562 each of the sub\n+00022c00: 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 menus starting f\n+00022c10: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f 7020 6c65 7665 rom the top leve\n+00022c20: 6c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 0a62 7920 7468 l followed.by th\n+00022c30: 6520 7469 746c 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d e title of the m\n+00022c40: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6974 7365 6c66 enu entry itself\n+00022c50: 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 20e2 , separated by .\n+00022c60: 8098 3ee2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ..>........File:\n+00022c70: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00022c80: 653a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 e: cmdpath, Nex\n+00022c90: 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 t: color_highlig\n+00022ca0: 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 686f 7365 ht, Prev: chose\n+00022cb0: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 n, Up: Special \n+00022cc0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00022cd0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3420 636d ables..15.1.4 cm\n+00022ce0: 6470 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dpath.----------\n+00022cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 ----..The locati\n+00022d00: 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6963 6820 e280 on from which ..\n+00022d10: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2077 6173 .core.img... was\n+00022d20: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 6162 loaded as an ab\n+00022d30: 736f 6c75 7465 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 solute directory\n+00022d40: 0a6e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c .name (*note Fil\n+00022d50: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 e name syntax::)\n+00022d60: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2073 6574 2062 . 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Se\n+00022f30: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 tting this varia\n+00022f40: 626c 650a 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 ble.changes thos\n+00022f50: 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 e colors. For t\n+00022f60: 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c he available col\n+00022f70: 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a or names, *note.\n+00022f80: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a color_normal::..\n+00022f90: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 . The default \n+00022fa0: 6973 20e2 8098 626c 6163 6b2f 6c69 6768 is ...black/ligh\n+00022fb0: 742d 6772 6179 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 t-gray........Fi\n+00022fc0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00022fd0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d Node: color_norm\n+00022fe0: 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 al, Next: confi\n+00022ff0: 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5072 g_directory, Pr\n+00023000: 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 ev: color_highli\n+00023010: 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ght, Up: Specia\n+00023020: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00023030: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3620 riables..15.1.6 \n+00023040: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d color_normal.---\n+00023050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00023060: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n+00023070: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2022 6e6f contains the \"no\n+00023080: 726d 616c 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 rmal\" foreground\n+00023090: 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 and background \n+000230a0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732c terminal.colors,\n+000230b0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 separated by a \n+000230c0: 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e slash (.../...).\n+000230d0: 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 Setting this v\n+000230e0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 ariable changes \n+000230f0: 7468 6f73 650a 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2045 those.colors. E\n+00023100: 6163 6820 636f 6c6f 7220 6d75 7374 2062 ach color must b\n+00023110: 6520 6120 6e61 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 e a name from th\n+00023120: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6c69 7374 e following list\n+00023130: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626c 6163 6b0a :.. ... black.\n+00023140: 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 ... blue. .\n+00023150: 80a2 2067 7265 656e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 .. green. ... \n+00023160: 6379 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7265 640a cyan. ... red.\n+00023170: 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 ... magenta. \n+00023180: 2020 e280 a220 6272 6f77 6e0a 2020 20e2 ... brown. .\n+00023190: 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 790a 2020 .. light-gray. \n+000231a0: 20e2 80a2 2064 6172 6b2d 6772 6179 0a20 ... dark-gray. \n+000231b0: 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 626c 7565 ... light-blue\n+000231c0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6772 . ... light-gr\n+000231d0: 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 een. ... light\n+000231e0: 2d63 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 -cyan. ... lig\n+000231f0: 6874 2d72 6564 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 ht-red. ... li\n+00023200: 6768 742d 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 ght-magenta. .\n+00023210: 80a2 2079 656c 6c6f 770a 2020 20e2 80a2 .. yellow. ...\n+00023220: 2077 6869 7465 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 white.. The d\n+00023230: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 986c 6967 efault is ...lig\n+00023240: 6874 2d67 7261 792f 626c 6163 6be2 8099 ht-gray/black...\n+00023250: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 ... The color \n+00023260: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 support support \n+00023270: 7661 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7465 726d varies from term\n+00023280: 696e 616c 2074 6f20 7465 726d 696e 616c inal to terminal\n+00023290: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 986d 6f72 7365 e280 ... ...morse..\n+000232a0: 9920 6861 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 . has no color s\n+000232b0: 7570 706f 7274 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 0a0a upport at all...\n+000232c0: 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 ...mda_text..\n+000232d0: 9920 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 . color support \n+000232e0: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 is limited to hi\n+000232f0: 6768 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c ghlighting by bl\n+00023300: 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 650a 7265 7665 7273 ack/white.revers\n+00023310: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f al... ...conso\n+00023320: 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2041 5243 2c20 454d le... on ARC, EM\n+00023330: 5520 616e 6420 4945 4545 3132 3735 2c20 U and IEEE1275, \n+00023340: e280 9873 6572 6961 6c5f 2ae2 8099 2061 ...serial_*... a\n+00023350: 6e64 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d e280 nd ...spkmodem..\n+00023360: 9920 6172 650a 676f 7665 726e 6564 2062 . are.governed b\n+00023370: 7920 7465 726d 696e 666f 2061 6e64 2073 y terminfo and s\n+00023380: 7570 706f 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 3820 636f upport only 8 co\n+00023390: 6c6f 7273 2069 6620 696e 206d 6f64 6573 lors if in modes\n+000233a0: 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 ...vt100-color.\n+000233b0: 8099 0a28 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 ...(default for \n+000233c0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2065 6d75 292c console on emu),\n+000233d0: 20e2 8098 6172 63e2 8099 2028 6465 6661 ...arc... (defa\n+000233e0: 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 ult for console \n+000233f0: 6f6e 2041 5243 292c 0ae2 8098 6965 6565 on ARC),....ieee\n+00023400: 3132 3735 e280 9920 2864 6566 6175 6c74 1275... (default\n+00023410: 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 for console on \n+00023420: 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e 2020 5768 656e IEEE1275). When\n+00023430: 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 7674 3130 in mode ...vt10\n+00023440: 30e2 8099 2074 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 636f 0... then.the co\n+00023450: 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 206c lor support is l\n+00023460: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 imited to highli\n+00023470: 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 6b2f ghting by black/\n+00023480: 7768 6974 6520 7265 7665 7273 616c 2e0a white reversal..\n+00023490: 5768 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 When in mode ...\n+000234a0: 6475 6d62 e280 9920 7468 6572 6520 6973 dumb... there is\n+000234b0: 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 no color suppor\n+000234c0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 636f 6e73 t... When cons\n+000234d0: 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 206e 6f20 ole supports no \n+000234e0: 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6869 7320 7365 7474 colors this sett\n+000234f0: 696e 6720 6973 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e20 ing is ignored. \n+00023500: 2057 6865 6e0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 When.console su\n+00023510: 7070 6f72 7473 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c pports 8 colors,\n+00023520: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 then the colors\n+00023530: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 from the second\n+00023540: 2068 616c 6620 6f66 2074 6865 0a70 7265 half of the.pre\n+00023550: 7669 6f75 7320 6c69 7374 2061 7265 206d vious list are m\n+00023560: 6170 7065 6420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6174 apped to the mat\n+00023570: 6368 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 206f 6620 ching colors of \n+00023580: 6669 7273 7420 6861 6c66 2e0a 0a20 2020 first half... \n+00023590: e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e ...console... on\n+000235a0: 2045 4649 2061 6e64 2042 494f 5320 616e EFI and BIOS an\n+000235b0: 6420 e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 d ...vga_text...\n+000235c0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 support all 16 \n+000235d0: 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 colors... ...g\n+000235e0: 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 7375 7070 6f72 fxterm... suppor\n+000235f0: 7473 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 ts all 16 colors\n+00023600: 2061 6e64 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7468 and would be th\n+00023610: 656f 7265 7469 6361 6c6c 790a 6578 7465 eoretically.exte\n+00023620: 6e64 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 ndable to suppor\n+00023630: 7420 7768 6f6c 6520 7267 6232 3420 7061 t whole rgb24 pa\n+00023640: 6c65 7474 6520 6275 7420 6375 7272 656e lette but curren\n+00023650: 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f0a tly there is no.\n+00023660: 636f 6d70 656c 6c69 6e67 2072 6561 736f compelling reaso\n+00023670: 6e20 746f 2067 6f20 6265 796f 6e64 2074 n to go beyond t\n+00023680: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2031 3620 636f he current 16 co\n+00023690: 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 lors.....File: g\n+000236a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000236b0: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 config_director\n+000236c0: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 y, Next: config\n+000236d0: 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f _file, Prev: co\n+000236e0: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a lor_normal, Up:\n+000236f0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00023700: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00023710: 3135 2e31 2e37 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 15.1.7 config_di\n+00023720: 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rectory.--------\n+00023730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00023740: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 .This variable i\n+00023750: 7320 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 s automatically \n+00023760: 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 set by GRUB to t\n+00023770: 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2070 6172 he directory par\n+00023780: 7420 6f66 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2063 6f6e t of.current con\n+00023790: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+000237a0: 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 name (*note conf\n+000237b0: 6967 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ig_file::).....F\n+000237c0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000237d0: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 Node: config_fi\n+000237e0: 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6562 7567 le, Next: debug\n+000237f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f , Prev: config_\n+00023800: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 directory, Up: \n+00023810: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00023820: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00023830: 352e 312e 3820 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 5.1.8 config_fil\n+00023840: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+00023850: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n+00023860: 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 ble is automatic\n+00023870: 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 ally set by GRUB\n+00023880: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 to the name of \n+00023890: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 6669 configuration.fi\n+000238a0: 6c65 2074 6861 7420 6973 2062 6569 6e67 le that is being\n+000238b0: 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 636f processed by co\n+000238c0: 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 mmands ...config\n+000238d0: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 file... 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(*n\n+00023900: 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 ote normal::). \n+00023910: 4974 2069 7320 7265 7374 6f72 6564 2074 It is restored t\n+00023920: 6f20 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 o the.previous v\n+00023930: 616c 7565 2077 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e alue when comman\n+00023940: 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 732e 0a0a 1f0a d completes.....\n+00023950: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00023960: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 Node: debug, \n+00023970: 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 Next: default, \n+00023980: 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c Prev: config_fil\n+00023990: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n+000239a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+000239b0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3920 6465 ables..15.1.9 de\n+000239c0: 6275 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d bug.------------\n+000239d0: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n+000239e0: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 656e may be set to en\n+000239f0: 6162 6c65 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f able debugging o\n+00023a00: 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f utput from vario\n+00023a10: 7573 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6f66 us.components of\n+00023a20: 2047 5255 422e 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 GRUB. 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The fac\n+00023cc0: 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 ility names are \n+00023cd0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6172 6775 6d65 the first argume\n+00023ce0: 6e74 2074 6f0a 6772 7562 5f64 7072 696e nt to.grub_dprin\n+00023cf0: 7466 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2074 6865 tf. Consult the\n+00023d00: 2073 6f75 7263 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 source for more\n+00023d10: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c details.....Fil\n+00023d20: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00023d30: 6f64 653a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 204e ode: default, N\n+00023d40: 6578 743a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 ext: fallback, \n+00023d50: 5072 6576 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5570 Prev: debug, Up\n+00023d60: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00023d70: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00023d80: 0a31 352e 312e 3130 2064 6566 6175 6c74 .15.1.10 default\n+00023d90: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00023da0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n+00023db0: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 le is set, it id\n+00023dc0: 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 entifies a menu \n+00023dd0: 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c entry that shoul\n+00023de0: 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 6279 d be.selected by\n+00023df0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 706f 7373 6962 default, possib\n+00023e00: 6c79 2061 6674 6572 2061 2074 696d 656f ly after a timeo\n+00023e10: 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 ut (*note timeou\n+00023e20: 743a 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 0a65 6e74 7279 t::). The.entry\n+00023e30: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 may be identifi\n+00023e40: 6564 2062 7920 6e75 6d62 6572 2028 7374 ed by number (st\n+00023e50: 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 3020 6174 arting from 0 at\n+00023e60: 2065 6163 6820 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2074 each level of t\n+00023e70: 6865 0a68 6965 7261 7263 6879 292c 2062 he.hierarchy), b\n+00023e80: 7920 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6279 2069 y title, or by i\n+00023e90: 642e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 d... 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For exampl\n+00024060: 652c 2074 616b 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c e, take the foll\n+00024070: 6f77 696e 670a 6d65 6e75 2073 7472 7563 owing.menu struc\n+00024080: 7475 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 474e 552f ture:.. GNU/\n+00024090: 4875 7264 202d 2d69 6420 676e 752d 6875 Hurd --id gnu-hu\n+000240a0: 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 5374 616e 6461 rd. Standa\n+000240b0: 7264 2042 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 rd Boot --id=gnu\n+000240c0: 2d68 7572 642d 7374 640a 2020 2020 2020 -hurd-std. \n+000240d0: 2052 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 2d2d Rescue shell --\n+000240e0: 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 7572 642d 7265 7363 id=gnu-hurd-resc\n+000240f0: 7565 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7220 706c ue. Other pl\n+00024100: 6174 666f 726d 7320 2d2d 6964 3d6f 7468 atforms --id=oth\n+00024110: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4d69 6e69 7820 er. Minix \n+00024120: 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 0a20 2020 2020 --id=minix. \n+00024130: 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 342e Version 3.4.\n+00024140: 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 0 --id=minix-3.4\n+00024150: 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 .0. Vers\n+00024160: 696f 6e20 332e 332e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d ion 3.3.0 --id=m\n+00024170: 696e 6978 2d33 2e33 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 inix-3.3.0. \n+00024180: 2020 4752 5542 2049 6e76 6164 6572 7320 GRUB Invaders \n+00024190: 2d2d 6964 3d67 7275 622d 696e 7661 6465 --id=grub-invade\n+000241a0: 7273 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206d 6f72 6520 rs.. The more \n+000241b0: 7265 6365 6e74 2072 656c 6561 7365 206f recent release o\n+000241c0: 6620 4d69 6e69 7820 776f 756c 6420 7468 f Minix would th\n+000241d0: 656e 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 en be identified\n+000241e0: 2061 7320 e280 984f 7468 6572 0a70 6c61 as ...Other.pla\n+000241f0: 7466 6f72 6d73 3e4d 696e 6978 3e56 6572 tforms>Minix>Ver\n+00024200: 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 e280 992c 206f sion 3.4.0..., o\n+00024210: 7220 6173 20e2 8098 313e 303e 30e2 8099 r as ...1>0>0...\n+00024220: 2c20 6f72 2061 730a e280 986f 7468 6572 , or as....other\n+00024230: 3e6d 696e 6978 3e6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 >minix>minix-3.4\n+00024240: 2e30 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 .0...... This \n+00024250: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 variable is ofte\n+00024260: 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 n set by ...GRUB\n+00024270: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 9920 282a 6e6f _DEFAULT... (*no\n+00024280: 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple.config\n+00024290: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2c20 e280 9867 uration::), ...g\n+000242a0: 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 rub-set-default.\n+000242b0: 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d72 .., or ...grub-r\n+000242c0: 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c eboot........Fil\n+000242d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000242e0: 6f64 653a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 ode: fallback, \n+000242f0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 Next: gfxmode, \n+00024300: 5072 6576 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 Prev: default, \n+00024310: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00024320: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00024330: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3131 2066 616c 6c62 s..15.1.11 fallb\n+00024340: 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ack.------------\n+00024350: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n+00024360: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n+00024370: 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d t identifies a m\n+00024380: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 enu entry that s\n+00024390: 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 hould be.selecte\n+000243a0: 6420 6966 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 d if the default\n+000243b0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6661 696c menu entry fail\n+000243c0: 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 456e 7472 s to boot. Entr\n+000243d0: 6965 7320 6172 650a 6964 656e 7469 6669 ies are.identifi\n+000243e0: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2077 ed in the same w\n+000243f0: 6179 2061 7320 666f 7220 e280 9864 6566 ay as for ...def\n+00024400: 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 ault... (*note d\n+00024410: 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 efault::).....Fi\n+00024420: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00024430: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 Node: gfxmode, \n+00024440: 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 Next: gfxpayload\n+00024450: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 , Prev: fallbac\n+00024460: 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 k, Up: Special \n+00024470: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00024480: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3132 2067 ables..15.1.12 g\n+00024490: 6678 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fxmode.---------\n+000244a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n+000244b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n+000244c0: 2069 7420 7365 7473 2074 6865 2072 6573 it sets the res\n+000244d0: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 olution used on \n+000244e0: 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 the ...gfxterm..\n+000244f0: 990a 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d ..graphical term\n+00024500: 696e 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 inal. Note that\n+00024510: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 you can only us\n+00024520: 6520 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 6963 6820 796f e modes which yo\n+00024530: 7572 0a67 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 ur.graphics card\n+00024540: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7669 6120 5645 supports via VE\n+00024550: 5341 2042 494f 5320 4578 7465 6e73 696f SA BIOS Extensio\n+00024560: 6e73 2028 5642 4529 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 ns (VBE), so for\n+00024570: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a6e 6174 6976 6520 example.native \n+00024580: 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 6c20 7265 736f 6c75 LCD panel resolu\n+00024590: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 tions may not be\n+000245a0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 available. The\n+000245b0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 730a e280 9861 default is....a\n+000245c0: 7574 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7365 uto..., which se\n+000245d0: 6c65 6374 7320 6120 706c 6174 666f 726d lects a platform\n+000245e0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6465 6661 756c -specific defaul\n+000245f0: 7420 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f t that should lo\n+00024600: 6f6b 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 652e 2020 ok.reasonable. \n+00024610: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 7320 Supported modes \n+00024620: 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6973 7465 6420 6279 can be listed by\n+00024630: 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6fe2 8099 ...videoinfo...\n+00024640: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e0a 4752 5542 command in.GRUB\n+00024650: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 ... The resolu\n+00024660: 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 7370 6563 tion may be spec\n+00024670: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 2073 6571 7565 ified as a seque\n+00024680: 6e63 6520 6f66 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f nce of one or mo\n+00024690: 7265 206d 6f64 6573 2c0a 7365 7061 7261 re modes,.separa\n+000246a0: 7465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 7320 28e2 ted by commas (.\n+000246b0: 8098 2ce2 8099 2920 6f72 2073 656d 6963 ..,...) or semic\n+000246c0: 6f6c 6f6e 7320 28e2 8098 3be2 8099 293b olons (...;...);\n+000246d0: 2065 6163 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 each will be tr\n+000246e0: 6965 6420 696e 0a74 7572 6e20 756e 7469 ied in.turn unti\n+000246f0: 6c20 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2e20 l one is found. \n+00024700: 2045 6163 6820 6d6f 6465 2073 686f 756c Each mode shoul\n+00024710: 6420 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 9861 d be either ...a\n+00024720: 7574 6fe2 8099 2c0a e280 9857 4944 5448 uto...,....WIDTH\n+00024730: 7848 4549 4748 54e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 xHEIGHT..., or .\n+00024740: 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 7844 ..WIDTHxHEIGHTxD\n+00024750: 4550 5448 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 EPTH........File\n+00024760: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00024770: 6465 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 de: gfxpayload, \n+00024780: 204e 6578 743a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 Next: gfxterm_f\n+00024790: 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 786d ont, Prev: gfxm\n+000247a0: 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ode, Up: Specia\n+000247b0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+000247c0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3133 riables..15.1.13\n+000247d0: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 640a 2d2d 2d2d gfxpayload.----\n+000247e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000247f0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n+00024800: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 636f 6e74 is set, it cont\n+00024810: 726f 6c73 2074 6865 2076 6964 656f 206d rols the video m\n+00024820: 6f64 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 ode in which the\n+00024830: 204c 696e 7578 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 7374 Linux.kernel st\n+00024840: 6172 7473 2075 702c 2072 6570 6c61 6369 arts up, replaci\n+00024850: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 ng the ...vga=..\n+00024860: 9920 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 282a . boot option (*\n+00024870: 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 292e 2020 note linux::). \n+00024880: 4974 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f It.may be set to\n+00024890: 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 746f 2066 ...text... to f\n+000248a0: 6f72 6365 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b orce the Linux k\n+000248b0: 6572 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e ernel to boot in\n+000248c0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 normal text.mod\n+000248d0: 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 746f e, ...keep... to\n+000248e0: 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 6772 preserve the gr\n+000248f0: 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7420 aphics mode set \n+00024900: 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 using ...gfxmode\n+00024910: e280 992c 206f 7220 616e 790a 6f66 2074 ..., or any.of t\n+00024920: 6865 2070 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2076 616c he permitted val\n+00024930: 7565 7320 666f 7220 e280 9867 6678 6d6f ues for ...gfxmo\n+00024940: 6465 e280 9920 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 de... to set a p\n+00024950: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6772 6170 6869 articular graphi\n+00024960: 6373 206d 6f64 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 cs mode.(*note g\n+00024970: 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2044 fxmode::)... 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If\n+00024a70: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 you have proble\n+00024a80: 6d73 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 2076 6172 ms, set this var\n+00024a90: 6961 626c 6520 746f 0ae2 8098 7465 7874 iable to....text\n+00024aa0: e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c ... and GRUB wil\n+00024ab0: 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 l tell Linux to \n+00024ac0: 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 boot in normal t\n+00024ad0: 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 ext mode... Th\n+00024ae0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2070 6c61 e default is pla\n+00024af0: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 tform-specific. \n+00024b00: 204f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7769 On platforms wi\n+00024b10: 7468 2061 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 7874 th a native text\n+00024b20: 0a6d 6f64 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 2050 .mode (such as P\n+00024b30: 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 C BIOS platforms\n+00024b40: 292c 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 ), the default i\n+00024b50: 7320 e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2e20 204f s ...text.... O\n+00024b60: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2074 6865 0a64 6566 therwise the.def\n+00024b70: 6175 6c74 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 9861 ault may be ...a\n+00024b80: 7574 6fe2 8099 206f 7220 6120 7370 6563 uto... or a spec\n+00024b90: 6966 6963 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 652e ific video mode.\n+00024ba0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 .. This variab\n+00024bb0: 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 le is often set \n+00024bc0: 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 by ...GRUB_GFXPA\n+00024bd0: 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2028 YLOAD_LINUX... (\n+00024be0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e *note Simple.con\n+00024bf0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a figuration::)...\n+00024c00: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00024c10: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7874 6572 o, Node: gfxter\n+00024c20: 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 m_font, Next: g\n+00024c30: 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 rub_cpu, Prev: \n+00024c40: 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2055 703a gfxpayload, Up:\n+00024c50: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00024c60: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00024c70: 3135 2e31 2e31 3420 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 15.1.14 gfxterm_\n+00024c80: 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d font.-----------\n+00024c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n+00024ca0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n+00024cb0: 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2066 et, it names a f\n+00024cc0: 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 ont to use for t\n+00024cd0: 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6766 ext on the....gf\n+00024ce0: 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2067 7261 7068 6963 xterm... graphic\n+00024cf0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4f74 al terminal. Ot\n+00024d00: 6865 7277 6973 652c 20e2 8098 6766 7874 herwise, ...gfxt\n+00024d10: 6572 6de2 8099 206d 6179 2075 7365 2061 erm... may use a\n+00024d20: 6e79 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f6e ny.available fon\n+00024d30: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n+00024d40: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 .info, Node: gr\n+00024d50: 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 ub_cpu, Next: g\n+00024d60: 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2050 rub_platform, P\n+00024d70: 7265 763a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e rev: gfxterm_fon\n+00024d80: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n+00024d90: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00024da0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3135 2067 ables..15.1.15 g\n+00024db0: 7275 625f 6370 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rub_cpu.--------\n+00024dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 --------..In nor\n+00024dd0: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 mal mode (*note \n+00024de0: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 normal::), GRUB \n+00024df0: 7365 7473 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 sets the ...grub\n+00024e00: 5f63 7075 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 _cpu... variable\n+00024e10: 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 4350 5520 7479 7065 to.the CPU type\n+00024e20: 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 for which GRUB \n+00024e30: 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 was built (e.g. \n+00024e40: 20e2 8098 6933 3836 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 ...i386... or .\n+00024e50: 8098 706f 7765 7270 63e2 8099 292e 0a0a ..powerpc...)...\n+00024e60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00024e70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 o, Node: grub_p\n+00024e80: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 latform, Next: \n+00024e90: 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 icondir, Prev: \n+00024ea0: 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2055 703a 2053 grub_cpu, Up: S\n+00024eb0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00024ec0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00024ed0: 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 .1.16 grub_platf\n+00024ee0: 6f72 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d orm.------------\n+00024ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f ---------..In no\n+00024f00: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 rmal mode (*note\n+00024f10: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 normal::), GRUB\n+00024f20: 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 sets the ...gru\n+00024f30: 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d e280 9920 7661 b_platform... va\n+00024f40: 7269 6162 6c65 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 706c riable.to the pl\n+00024f50: 6174 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 atform for which\n+00024f60: 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 GRUB was built \n+00024f70: 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 7063 e280 9920 (e.g. ...pc... \n+00024f80: 6f72 20e2 8098 6566 69e2 8099 292e 0a0a or ...efi...)...\n+00024f90: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00024fa0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 o, Node: icondi\n+00024fb0: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 r, Next: lang, \n+00024fc0: 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 Prev: grub_plat\n+00024fd0: 666f 726d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 form, Up: Speci\n+00024fe0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00024ff0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n+00025000: 3720 6963 6f6e 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7 icondir.------\n+00025010: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n+00025020: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n+00025030: 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2064 et, it names a d\n+00025040: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2069 6e20 7768 6963 irectory in whic\n+00025050: 6820 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a67 7261 7068 h the GRUB.graph\n+00025060: 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 ical menu should\n+00025070: 206c 6f6f 6b20 666f 7220 6963 6f6e 7320 look for icons \n+00025080: 6166 7465 7220 6c6f 6f6b 696e 6720 696e after looking in\n+00025090: 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2773 0ae2 8098 the theme's....\n+000250a0: 6963 6f6e 73e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f icons... directo\n+000250b0: 7279 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 6d65 ry. *Note Theme\n+000250c0: 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 3a3a 2e0a file format::..\n+000250d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000250e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 616e 672c fo, Node: lang,\n+000250f0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 Next: locale_d\n+00025100: 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 636f 6e64 ir, Prev: icond\n+00025110: 6972 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ir, Up: Special\n+00025120: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00025130: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3820 iables..15.1.18 \n+00025140: 6c61 6e67 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lang.-----------\n+00025150: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+00025160: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e ble is set, it n\n+00025170: 616d 6573 2074 6865 206c 616e 6775 6167 ames the languag\n+00025180: 6520 636f 6465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e code that the \n+00025190: e280 9867 6574 7465 7874 e280 990a 636f ...gettext....co\n+000251a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 mmand (*note get\n+000251b0: 7465 7874 3a3a 2920 7573 6573 2074 6f20 text::) uses to \n+000251c0: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6520 7374 7269 6e67 translate string\n+000251d0: 732e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c s. For example,\n+000251e0: 0a46 7265 6e63 6820 776f 756c 6420 6265 .French would be\n+000251f0: 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 e280 9866 72e2 named as ...fr.\n+00025200: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 5369 6d70 6c69 6669 .., and Simplifi\n+00025210: 6564 2043 6869 6e65 7365 2061 7320 e280 ed Chinese as ..\n+00025220: 987a 685f 434e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 20e2 .zh_CN...... .\n+00025230: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+00025240: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 .. (*note Simple\n+00025250: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n+00025260: 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 7365 ) will try to se\n+00025270: 7420 610a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2064 t a.reasonable d\n+00025280: 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 efault for this \n+00025290: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2062 6173 6564 206f variable based o\n+000252a0: 6e20 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 206c 6f63 n the system loc\n+000252b0: 616c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ale.....File: gr\n+000252c0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000252d0: 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 locale_dir, Nex\n+000252e0: 743a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 t: lockdown, Pr\n+000252f0: 6576 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ev: lang, Up: S\n+00025300: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00025310: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00025320: 2e31 2e31 3920 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 .1.19 locale_dir\n+00025330: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00025340: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n+00025350: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n+00025360: 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 names the direc\n+00025370: 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 7261 6e73 tory where trans\n+00025380: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 0a6d 6179 lation files.may\n+00025390: 2062 6520 666f 756e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 be found (*note\n+000253a0: 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 292c 2075 7375 gettext::), usu\n+000253b0: 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ally .../boot/gr\n+000253c0: 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e20 204f ub/locale.... O\n+000253d0: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 696e 7465 726e therwise,.intern\n+000253e0: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 ationalization i\n+000253f0: 7320 6469 7361 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 s disabled... \n+00025400: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+00025410: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c ... (*note Simpl\n+00025420: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e configuration:\n+00025430: 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 6120 7265 :) will set a re\n+00025440: 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 asonable.default\n+00025450: 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 for this variab\n+00025460: 6c65 2069 6620 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f le if internatio\n+00025470: 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e65 nalization is ne\n+00025480: 6564 6564 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 0a74 7261 eded and any.tra\n+00025490: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2061 nslation files a\n+000254a0: 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a1f re available....\n+000254b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000254c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 , Node: lockdow\n+000254d0: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 n, Next: menu_c\n+000254e0: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 olor_highlight, \n+000254f0: 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 Prev: locale_di\n+00025500: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n+00025510: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00025520: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3230 206c ables..15.1.20 l\n+00025530: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ockdown.--------\n+00025540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n+00025550: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n+00025560: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 t to ...y..., it\n+00025570: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 means that GRUB\n+00025580: 2068 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 202a 6e6f has entered *no\n+00025590: 7465 0a4c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 6d6f te.Lockdown:: mo\n+000255a0: 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 de.....File: gru\n+000255b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d b.info, Node: m\n+000255c0: 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 enu_color_highli\n+000255d0: 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 ght, Next: menu\n+000255e0: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 _color_normal, \n+000255f0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 Prev: lockdown, \n+00025600: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00025610: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00025620: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 6e75 es..15.1.21 menu\n+00025630: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 _color_highlight\n+00025640: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00025650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n+00025660: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e his variable con\n+00025670: 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 tains the foregr\n+00025680: 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f ound and backgro\n+00025690: 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 und colors to be\n+000256a0: 2075 7365 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6869 used.for the hi\n+000256b0: 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 ghlighted menu e\n+000256c0: 6e74 7279 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 ntry, separated \n+000256d0: 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f by a slash (.../\n+000256e0: e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 ...). Setting.t\n+000256f0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 his variable cha\n+00025700: 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 nges those color\n+00025710: 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 s. For the avai\n+00025720: 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 lable color name\n+00025730: 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e s,.*note color_n\n+00025740: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 ormal::... The\n+00025750: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 default is the \n+00025760: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f value of ...colo\n+00025770: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 74e2 8099 2028 r_highlight... (\n+00025780: 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 *note.color_high\n+00025790: 6c69 6768 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c light::).....Fil\n+000257a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000257b0: 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f ode: menu_color_\n+000257c0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e normal, Next: n\n+000257d0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n+000257e0: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a oot_file, Prev:\n+000257f0: 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 menu_color_high\n+00025800: 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 light, Up: Spec\n+00025810: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00025820: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00025830: 3232 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 22 menu_color_no\n+00025840: 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rmal.-----------\n+00025850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00025860: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f This variable co\n+00025870: 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 ntains the foreg\n+00025880: 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 round and backgr\n+00025890: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 ound colors to b\n+000258a0: 6520 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 206e 6f6e 2d68 e used.for non-h\n+000258b0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 ighlighted menu \n+000258c0: 656e 7472 6965 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 entries, separat\n+000258d0: 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 ed by a slash (.\n+000258e0: 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e ../...). Settin\n+000258f0: 670a 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 g.this variable \n+00025900: 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f changes those co\n+00025910: 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 lors. For the a\n+00025920: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e vailable color n\n+00025930: 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f ames,.*note colo\n+00025940: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 r_normal::... \n+00025950: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 The default is t\n+00025960: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 9863 he value of ...c\n+00025970: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 olor_normal... (\n+00025980: 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d *note color_norm\n+00025990: 616c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 al::).....File: \n+000259a0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000259b0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__boot_file, Ne\n+000259d0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__clientid, P\n+000259f0: 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f rev: menu_color_\n+00025a00: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 normal, Up: Spe\n+00025a10: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025a20: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025a30: 2e32 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .23 net__boot_file.--\n 00025a50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025a60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00025a70: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-00025a80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00025a90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__clienti\n-00025ab0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 d, Next: net__client\n-00025ad0: 7575 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 uuid, Prev: net\n-00025ae0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n-00025af0: 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 t_file, Up: Spe\n-00025b00: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00025b10: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00025b20: 2e32 3420 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .24 net__clientid.---\n-00025b40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00025b60: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00025b70: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00025b80: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n-00025b90: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n-00025ba0: 7475 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 tuuid, Next: ne\n-00025bb0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 t__dh\n-00025bc0: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 cp_server_name, \n-00025bd0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__clientid,\n-00025bf0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00025c00: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00025c10: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3235 206e 6574 les..15.1.25 net\n-00025c20: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n-00025c30: 656e 7475 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d entuuid.--------\n+00025a60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00025a70: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00025a80: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00025a90: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+00025aa0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n+00025ab0: 656e 7469 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 entid, Next: ne\n+00025ac0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n+00025ad0: 6965 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a ientuuid, Prev:\n+00025ae0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025af0: 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a _boot_file, Up:\n+00025b00: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00025b10: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00025b20: 3135 2e31 2e32 3420 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.24 net__clientid\n+00025b40: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00025b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025b60: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n+00025b70: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+00025b80: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+00025b90: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n+00025ba0: 6c69 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 lientuuid, Next\n+00025bb0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__dhcp_server_na\n+00025bd0: 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c me, Prev: net_<\n+00025be0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n+00025bf0: 7469 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 tid, Up: Specia\n+00025c00: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00025c10: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3235 riables..15.1.25\n+00025c20: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025c30: 5f63 6c69 656e 7475 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d _clientuuid.----\n 00025c40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-00025c60: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-00025c70: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00025c80: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__dhcp_ser\n-00025ca0: 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a ver_name, Next:\n-00025cb0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025cc0: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _domain, Prev: \n-00025cd0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025ce0: 636c 6965 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 2055 703a clientuuid, Up:\n-00025cf0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00025d00: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00025d10: 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.26 net__dhcp_ser\n-00025d30: 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ver_name.-------\n+00025c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00025c60: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+00025c70: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00025c80: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+00025c90: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 6370 _dhcp\n+00025ca0: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e _server_name, N\n+00025cb0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__domain, Pr\n+00025cd0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__clientuuid, \n+00025cf0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00025d00: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00025d10: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 745f es..15.1.26 net_\n+00025d20: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 6370 _dhcp\n+00025d30: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d _server_name.---\n 00025d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00025d50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025d60: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00025d70: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00025d80: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00025d90: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n-00025da0: 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 omain, Next: ne\n-00025db0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 t__ex\n-00025dc0: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 2050 tensionspath, P\n-00025dd0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 rev: net__dhcp_server\n-00025df0: 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 _name, Up: Spec\n-00025e00: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00025e10: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00025e20: 3237 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 27 net__domain.------\n+00025d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+00025d70: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+00025d80: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00025d90: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__domain, Next\n+00025db0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__extensionspath\n+00025dd0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__dhcp_se\n+00025df0: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 rver_name, Up: \n+00025e00: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00025e10: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00025e20: 352e 312e 3237 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.27 net__domain.--\n 00025e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025e50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00025e60: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00025e70: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00025e80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__extensions\n-00025ea0: 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 path, Next: net\n-00025eb0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n-00025ec0: 746e 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 tname, Prev: ne\n-00025ed0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f t__do\n-00025ee0: 6d61 696e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 main, Up: Speci\n-00025ef0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025f00: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n-00025f10: 3820 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 8 net__extensionspath\n-00025f30: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00025e50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n+00025e60: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+00025e70: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00025e80: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__extens\n+00025ea0: 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a ionspath, Next:\n+00025eb0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025ec0: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 _hostname, Prev\n+00025ed0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__domain, Up: S\n+00025ef0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00025f00: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00025f10: 2e31 2e32 3820 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.28 net__extensions\n+00025f30: 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d path.-----------\n 00025f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-00025f60: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-00025f70: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00025f80: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__hostname, \n-00025fa0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__ip, Prev:\n-00025fc0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025fd0: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c _extensionspath,\n-00025fe0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00025ff0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00026000: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3239 206e 6574 les..15.1.29 net\n-00026010: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n-00026020: 746e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tname.----------\n+00025f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n+00025f60: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+00025f70: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00025f80: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__hostnam\n+00025fa0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 e, Next: net__ip, P\n+00025fc0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 rev: net__extensionsp\n+00025fe0: 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ath, Up: Specia\n+00025ff0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026000: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3239 riables..15.1.29\n+00026010: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00026020: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _hostname.------\n 00026030: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-00026050: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-00026060: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00026070: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__ip, Next: n\n-00026090: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d et__m\n-000260a0: 6163 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c ac, Prev: net_<\n-000260b0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 746e INTERFACE>_hostn\n-000260c0: 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ame, Up: Specia\n-000260d0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-000260e0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3330 riables..15.1.30\n-000260f0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00026100: 5f69 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _ip.------------\n-00026110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00026120: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00026130: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00026140: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-00026150: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 632c _mac,\n-00026160: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__next_ser\n-00026180: 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ver, Prev: net_\n-00026190: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 2c20 _ip, \n-000261a0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000261b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000261c0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3120 6e65 745f es..15.1.31 net_\n-000261d0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 630a _mac.\n-000261e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000261f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00026200: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-00026210: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00026220: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__next_se\n-00026240: 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 rver, Next: net\n-00026250: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f __roo\n-00026260: 7470 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 tpath, Prev: ne\n-00026270: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 t__ma\n-00026280: 632c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 c, Up: Special \n-00026290: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-000262a0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3332 206e ables..15.1.32 n\n-000262b0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e et__n\n-000262c0: 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ext_server.-----\n+00026040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00026050: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00026060: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00026070: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__ip, Nex\n+00026090: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__mac, Prev: n\n+000260b0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n+000260c0: 6f73 746e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ostname, Up: Sp\n+000260d0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000260e0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000260f0: 312e 3330 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.30 net__ip.--------\n+00026110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026120: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+00026130: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+00026140: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00026150: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00026160: 6d61 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f mac, Next: net_\n+00026170: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 7874 _next\n+00026180: 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _server, Prev: \n+00026190: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+000261a0: 6970 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ip, Up: Special\n+000261b0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000261c0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3120 iables..15.1.31 \n+000261d0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+000261e0: 6d61 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mac.------------\n+000261f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00026200: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00026210: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00026220: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+00026230: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 __nex\n+00026240: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a t_server, Next:\n+00026250: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00026260: 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 _rootpath, Prev\n+00026270: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__mac, Up: Spec\n+00026290: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+000262a0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+000262b0: 3332 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 32 net__next_server.-\n 000262d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000262e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-000262f0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00026300: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00026310: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-00026320: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f 6f74 _root\n-00026330: 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 path, Next: net\n-00026340: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 _default_interfa\n-00026350: 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c ce, Prev: net_<\n-00026360: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 745f INTERFACE>_next_\n-00026370: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 server, Up: Spe\n-00026380: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00026390: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-000263a0: 2e33 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .33 net__rootpath.---\n-000263c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000263d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-000263e0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-000263f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00026400: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n-00026410: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 efault_interface\n-00026420: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Next: net_def\n-00026430: 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ault_ip, Prev: \n-00026440: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00026450: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 rootpath, Up: S\n-00026460: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00026470: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00026480: 2e31 2e33 3420 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c .1.34 net_defaul\n-00026490: 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2d2d 2d2d t_interface.----\n+000262e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000262f0: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+00026300: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+00026310: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00026320: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00026330: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a rootpath, Next:\n+00026340: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 net_default_int\n+00026350: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e erface, Prev: n\n+00026360: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e et__n\n+00026370: 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a ext_server, Up:\n+00026380: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00026390: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+000263a0: 3135 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.33 net__rootpath\n+000263c0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+000263d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000263e0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n+000263f0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+00026400: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+00026410: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 et_default_inter\n+00026420: 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 face, Next: net\n+00026430: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5072 _default_ip, Pr\n+00026440: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__rootpath, U\n+00026460: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00026470: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00026480: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3420 6e65 745f 6465 ..15.1.34 net_de\n+00026490: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a fault_interface.\n 000264a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000264b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n-000264c0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-000264d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000264e0: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Node: net_defau\n-000264f0: 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 lt_ip, Next: ne\n-00026500: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 t_default_mac, \n-00026510: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Prev: net_defaul\n-00026520: 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 t_interface, Up\n-00026530: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00026540: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00026550: 0a31 352e 312e 3335 206e 6574 5f64 6566 .15.1.35 net_def\n-00026560: 6175 6c74 5f69 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ault_ip.--------\n-00026570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00026580: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00026590: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000265a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-000265b0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 4e65 default_mac, Ne\n-000265c0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f xt: net_default_\n-000265d0: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e server, Prev: n\n-000265e0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 et_default_ip, \n-000265f0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00026600: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00026610: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3336 206e 6574 5f64 s..15.1.36 net_d\n-00026620: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d efault_mac.-----\n+000264b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+000264c0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+000264d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000264e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n+000264f0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 4e65 7874 efault_ip, Next\n+00026500: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 : net_default_ma\n+00026510: 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 c, Prev: net_de\n+00026520: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c fault_interface,\n+00026530: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00026540: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00026550: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3335 206e 6574 les..15.1.35 net\n+00026560: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 700a 2d2d 2d2d _default_ip.----\n+00026570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026580: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+00026590: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+000265a0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000265b0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c net_default_mac,\n+000265c0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Next: net_defa\n+000265d0: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 ult_server, Pre\n+000265e0: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 v: net_default_i\n+000265f0: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 p, Up: Special \n+00026600: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00026610: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3336 206e ables..15.1.36 n\n+00026620: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 0a2d et_default_mac.-\n 00026630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026640: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-00026650: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-00026660: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00026670: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n-00026680: 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6167 6572 er, Next: pager\n-00026690: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Prev: net_def\n-000266a0: 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ault_mac, Up: S\n-000266b0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-000266c0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-000266d0: 2e31 2e33 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c .1.37 net_defaul\n-000266e0: 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_server.-------\n+00026640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n+00026650: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+00026660: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00026670: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: net_default_\n+00026680: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 server, Next: p\n+00026690: 6167 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 ager, Prev: net\n+000266a0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2055 _default_mac, U\n+000266b0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000266c0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000266d0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3720 6e65 745f 6465 ..15.1.37 net_de\n+000266e0: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d fault_server.---\n 000266f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026700: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n-00026710: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n-00026720: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00026730: 2070 6167 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 pager, Next: p\n-00026740: 7265 6669 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 refix, Prev: ne\n-00026750: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n-00026760: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026770: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00026780: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3820 7061 bles..15.1.38 pa\n-00026790: 6765 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ger.------------\n-000267a0: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 -..If set to ...\n-000267b0: 31e2 8099 2c20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 1..., pause outp\n-000267c0: 7574 2061 6674 6572 2065 6163 6820 7363 ut after each sc\n-000267d0: 7265 656e 6675 6c20 616e 6420 7761 6974 reenful and wait\n-000267e0: 2066 6f72 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a 696e for keyboard.in\n-000267f0: 7075 742e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c put. The defaul\n-00026800: 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 7061 7573 t is not to paus\n-00026810: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e output.....Fil\n-00026820: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00026830: 6f64 653a 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 4e65 ode: prefix, Ne\n-00026840: 7874 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c xt: pxe_blksize,\n-00026850: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 Prev: pager, \n-00026860: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00026870: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00026880: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3339 2070 7265 6669 s..15.1.39 prefi\n-00026890: 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d x.--------------\n-000268a0: 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f ..The location o\n-000268b0: 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 f the .../boot/g\n-000268c0: 7275 62e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 rub... directory\n-000268d0: 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 as an absolute \n-000268e0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 file name.(*note\n-000268f0: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n-00026900: 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e x::). This is n\n-00026910: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 ormally set by G\n-00026920: 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 0a62 RUB at startup.b\n-00026930: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 ased on informat\n-00026940: 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 ion provided by \n-00026950: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n-00026960: 8099 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 ... GRUB module\n-00026970: 7320 6172 650a 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c s are.dynamicall\n-00026980: 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 y loaded from th\n-00026990: 6973 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 736f is directory, so\n-000269a0: 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 7420 it must be set \n-000269b0: 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e 0a6f 7264 correctly in.ord\n-000269c0: 6572 2066 6f72 206d 616e 7920 7061 7274 er for many part\n-000269d0: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 6f72 s of GRUB to wor\n-000269e0: 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 k.....File: grub\n-000269f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 .info, Node: px\n-00026a00: 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 4e65 7874 e_blksize, Next\n-00026a10: 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 : pxe_default_ga\n-00026a20: 7465 7761 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 teway, Prev: pr\n-00026a30: 6566 6978 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 efix, Up: Speci\n-00026a40: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00026a50: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n-00026a60: 3020 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 650a 2d2d 0 pxe_blksize.--\n-00026a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026a80: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00026a90: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00026aa0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n-00026ab0: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 xe_default_gatew\n-00026ac0: 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f64 ay, Next: pxe_d\n-00026ad0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 efault_server, \n-00026ae0: 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a Prev: pxe_blksiz\n-00026af0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n-00026b00: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00026b10: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3431 2070 ables..15.1.41 p\n-00026b20: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 xe_default_gatew\n-00026b30: 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ay.-------------\n-00026b40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00026b50: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00026b60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00026b70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f nfo, Node: pxe_\n-00026b80: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 default_server, \n-00026b90: 204e 6578 743a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 Next: root, Pr\n-00026ba0: 6576 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f ev: pxe_default_\n-00026bb0: 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 gateway, Up: Sp\n-00026bc0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026bd0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026be0: 312e 3432 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.42 pxe_default\n-00026bf0: 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _server.--------\n+00026700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n+00026710: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n+00026720: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00026730: 6f64 653a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 204e 6578 ode: pager, Nex\n+00026740: 743a 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 5072 6576 t: prefix, Prev\n+00026750: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 : net_default_se\n+00026760: 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 rver, Up: Speci\n+00026770: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00026780: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n+00026790: 3820 7061 6765 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 pager.--------\n+000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7365 7420 746f -----..If set to\n+000267b0: 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2c20 7061 7573 6520 ...1..., pause \n+000267c0: 6f75 7470 7574 2061 6674 6572 2065 6163 output after eac\n+000267d0: 6820 7363 7265 656e 6675 6c20 616e 6420 h screenful and \n+000267e0: 7761 6974 2066 6f72 206b 6579 626f 6172 wait for keyboar\n+000267f0: 640a 696e 7075 742e 2020 5468 6520 6465 d.input. The de\n+00026800: 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 fault is not to \n+00026810: 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f pause output....\n+00026820: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00026830: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7265 6669 782c , Node: prefix,\n+00026840: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 Next: pxe_blks\n+00026850: 697a 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 6765 ize, Prev: page\n+00026860: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n+00026870: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00026880: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3339 2070 ables..15.1.39 p\n+00026890: 7265 6669 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d refix.----------\n+000268a0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 ----..The locati\n+000268b0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f on of the .../bo\n+000268c0: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 ot/grub... direc\n+000268d0: 746f 7279 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c tory as an absol\n+000268e0: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 282a ute file name.(*\n+000268f0: 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 note File name s\n+00026900: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 yntax::). This \n+00026910: 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 is normally set \n+00026920: 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 by GRUB at start\n+00026930: 7570 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 696e 666f up.based on info\n+00026940: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 rmation provided\n+00026950: 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 by ...grub-inst\n+00026960: 616c 6ce2 8099 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6d6f all.... GRUB mo\n+00026970: 6475 6c65 7320 6172 650a 6479 6e61 6d69 dules are.dynami\n+00026980: 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f cally loaded fro\n+00026990: 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 m this directory\n+000269a0: 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 , so it must be \n+000269b0: 7365 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e set correctly in\n+000269c0: 0a6f 7264 6572 2066 6f72 206d 616e 7920 .order for many \n+000269d0: 7061 7274 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f parts of GRUB to\n+000269e0: 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 work.....File: \n+000269f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026a00: 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 : pxe_blksize, \n+00026a10: 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c Next: pxe_defaul\n+00026a20: 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5072 6576 t_gateway, Prev\n+00026a30: 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 2055 703a 2053 : prefix, Up: S\n+00026a40: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00026a50: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00026a60: 2e31 2e34 3020 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a .1.40 pxe_blksiz\n+00026a70: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+00026a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+00026a90: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+00026aa0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00026ab0: 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 e: pxe_default_g\n+00026ac0: 6174 6577 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 ateway, Next: p\n+00026ad0: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 xe_default_serve\n+00026ae0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 626c r, Prev: pxe_bl\n+00026af0: 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 ksize, Up: Spec\n+00026b00: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00026b10: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00026b20: 3431 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 41 pxe_default_g\n+00026b30: 6174 6577 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ateway.---------\n+00026b40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026b50: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+00026b60: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+00026b70: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00026b80: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 pxe_default_serv\n+00026b90: 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6f6f 742c er, Next: root,\n+00026ba0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 Prev: pxe_defa\n+00026bb0: 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5570 ult_gateway, Up\n+00026bc0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00026bd0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00026be0: 0a31 352e 312e 3432 2070 7865 5f64 6566 .15.1.42 pxe_def\n+00026bf0: 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d ault_server.----\n 00026c00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026c10: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-00026c20: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-00026c30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00026c40: 726f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6869 root, Next: shi\n-00026c50: 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 m_lock, Prev: p\n-00026c60: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 xe_default_serve\n-00026c70: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n-00026c80: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00026c90: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3433 2072 ables..15.1.43 r\n-00026ca0: 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oot.------------\n-00026cb0: 0a0a 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 ..The root devic\n-00026cc0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 e name (*note De\n-00026cd0: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 vice syntax::). \n-00026ce0: 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 Any file names \n-00026cf0: 7468 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 that do.not spec\n-00026d00: 6966 7920 616e 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 ify an explicit \n-00026d10: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6172 6520 device name are \n-00026d20: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 read from this d\n-00026d30: 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 6465 6661 evice. The.defa\n-00026d40: 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 ult is normally \n-00026d50: 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 set by GRUB at s\n-00026d60: 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 tartup based on \n-00026d70: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0ae2 8098 the value of....\n-00026d80: 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 prefix... (*note\n-00026d90: 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 prefix::)... \n-00026da0: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 For example, if \n-00026db0: 4752 5542 2077 6173 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c GRUB was install\n-00026dc0: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ed to the first \n-00026dd0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 partition of the\n-00026de0: 0a66 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b .first hard disk\n-00026df0: 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 , then ...prefix\n-00026e00: e280 9920 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 ... might be set\n-00026e10: 2074 6f20 e280 9828 6864 302c 6d73 646f to ...(hd0,msdo\n-00026e20: 7331 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 s1)/boot/grub...\n-00026e30: 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 .and ...root... \n-00026e40: 746f 20e2 8098 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 to ...hd0,msdos1\n-00026e50: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00026e60: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00026e70: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 shim_lock, Next\n-00026e80: 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2050 : superusers, P\n-00026e90: 7265 763a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: root, Up: \n-00026ea0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00026eb0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00026ec0: 352e 312e 3434 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 5.1.44 shim_lock\n-00026ed0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00026ee0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n-00026ef0: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 able is set to .\n-00026f00: 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 ..y..., it means\n-00026f10: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7368 696d 5f6c that the shim_l\n-00026f20: 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 730a ock verifier is.\n-00026f30: 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2028 7365 6520 registered (see \n-00026f40: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 *note UEFI secur\n-00026f50: 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a e boot and shim:\n-00026f60: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-00026f70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-00026f80: 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 4e65 7874 uperusers, Next\n-00026f90: 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : theme, Prev: \n-00026fa0: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 shim_lock, Up: \n-00026fb0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00026fc0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00026fd0: 352e 312e 3435 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 5.1.45 superuser\n-00026fe0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n-00026ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00027000: 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 ble may be set t\n-00027010: 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7375 7065 o a list of supe\n-00027020: 7275 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 7320 746f 2065 ruser names to e\n-00027030: 6e61 626c 650a 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 nable.authentica\n-00027040: 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e20 202a tion support. *\n-00027050: 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e Note Security::.\n-00027060: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00027070: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 656d nfo, Node: them\n-00027080: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 e, Next: timeou\n-00027090: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7375 7065 7275 t, Prev: superu\n-000270a0: 7365 7273 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 sers, Up: Speci\n-000270b0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-000270c0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n-000270d0: 3620 7468 656d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 theme.--------\n-000270e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n-000270f0: 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 able may be set \n-00027100: 746f 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 to a directory c\n-00027110: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 ontaining a GRUB\n-00027120: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a graphical menu.\n-00027130: 7468 656d 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 theme. *Note Th\n-00027140: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a eme file format:\n-00027150: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 :... This vari\n-00027160: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 able is often se\n-00027170: 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4845 t by ...GRUB_THE\n-00027180: 4d45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d ME... (*note Sim\n-00027190: 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple.configuratio\n-000271a0: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 n::).....File: g\n-000271b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000271c0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a timeout, Next:\n-000271d0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 timeout_style, \n-000271e0: 2050 7265 763a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2055 Prev: theme, U\n-000271f0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00027200: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00027210: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3720 7469 6d65 6f75 ..15.1.47 timeou\n-00027220: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-00027230: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n-00027240: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 ble is set, it s\n-00027250: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 696d pecifies the tim\n-00027260: 6520 696e 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 e in seconds to \n-00027270: 7761 6974 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 626f 6172 wait for.keyboar\n-00027280: 6420 696e 7075 7420 6265 666f 7265 2062 d input before b\n-00027290: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 ooting the defau\n-000272a0: 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 lt menu entry. \n-000272b0: 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 A timeout of ...\n-000272c0: 30e2 8099 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 626f 0....means to bo\n-000272d0: 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 ot the default e\n-000272e0: 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 ntry immediately\n-000272f0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2064 6973 706c 6179 without display\n-00027300: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3b0a 6120 ing the menu;.a \n-00027310: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 2d31 timeout of ...-1\n-00027320: e280 9920 286f 7220 756e 7365 7429 206d ... (or unset) m\n-00027330: 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2069 6e64 eans to wait ind\n-00027340: 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2049 efinitely... I\n-00027350: 6620 e280 9874 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 f ...timeout_sty\n-00027360: 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d le... (*note tim\n-00027370: 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 2920 6973 eout_style::) is\n-00027380: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9863 6f75 6e74 set to ...count\n-00027390: 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0ae2 8098 6869 down... or....hi\n-000273a0: 6464 656e e280 992c 2074 6865 2074 696d dden..., the tim\n-000273b0: 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 eout is instead \n-000273c0: 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 counted before t\n-000273d0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c he menu is displ\n-000273e0: 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 ayed... This v\n-000273f0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e ariable is often\n-00027400: 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f set by ...GRUB_\n-00027410: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 TIMEOUT... (*not\n-00027420: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple.configu\n-00027430: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ration::).....Fi\n-00027440: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00027450: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 Node: timeout_st\n-00027460: 796c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7470 6d5f yle, Next: tpm_\n-00027470: 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 fail_fatal, Pre\n-00027480: 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 2055 703a v: timeout, Up:\n-00027490: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-000274a0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-000274b0: 3135 2e31 2e34 3820 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 15.1.48 timeout_\n-000274c0: 7374 796c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d style.----------\n-000274d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n-000274e0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 s variable may b\n-000274f0: 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e set to ...menu\n-00027500: e280 992c 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 ..., ...countdow\n-00027510: 6ee2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6869 6464 n..., or ...hidd\n-00027520: 656e e280 9920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c en... to control\n-00027530: 0a74 6865 2077 6179 2069 6e20 7768 6963 .the way in whic\n-00027540: 6820 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a h the timeout (*\n-00027550: 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 2920 note timeout::) \n-00027560: 696e 7465 7261 6374 7320 7769 7468 2064 interacts with d\n-00027570: 6973 706c 6179 696e 670a 7468 6520 6d65 isplaying.the me\n-00027580: 6e75 2e20 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 nu. See the doc\n-00027590: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 umentation of ..\n-000275a0: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n-000275b0: 594c 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 YLE... (*note Si\n-000275c0: 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple.configurati\n-000275d0: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c on::) for detail\n-000275e0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-000275f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7470 .info, Node: tp\n-00027600: 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 m_fail_fatal, P\n-00027610: 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 rev: timeout_sty\n-00027620: 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c le, Up: Special\n-00027630: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00027640: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3920 iables..15.1.49 \n-00027650: 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 0a2d tpm_fail_fatal.-\n-00027660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00027670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n-00027680: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2061 ariable is set a\n-00027690: 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2869 2e65 2e2c 206e nd true (i.e., n\n-000276a0: 6f74 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2230 222c 2022 ot set to \"0\", \"\n-000276b0: 6661 6c73 6522 2c0a 2264 6973 6162 6c65 false\",.\"disable\n-000276c0: 222c 206f 7220 226e 6f22 292c 2054 504d \", or \"no\"), TPM\n-000276d0: 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 7468 measurements th\n-000276e0: 6174 2066 6169 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 at fail will be \n-000276f0: 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 0a66 6174 616c treated as.fatal\n-00027700: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 . Otherwise, th\n-00027710: 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6d65 7265 6c79 2062 ey will merely b\n-00027720: 6520 6465 6275 672d 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 e debug-logged a\n-00027730: 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 6c6c 0a63 6f6e nd boot will.con\n-00027740: 7469 6e75 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 616c 6c20 tinue... Call \n-00027750: 746f 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c to EFI firmware,\n-00027760: 206c 696b 6520 6861 7368 5f6c 6f67 5f65 like hash_log_e\n-00027770: 7874 656e 645f 6576 656e 7428 292c 2063 xtend_event(), c\n-00027780: 616e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 616e 0a75 6e6b an return an.unk\n-00027790: 6e6f 776e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 692e 652e nown error, i.e.\n-000277a0: 2020 6475 6520 746f 2062 7567 2070 7265 due to bug pre\n-000277b0: 7365 6e74 2069 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 sent in firmware\n-000277c0: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6973 2076 6172 . When this var\n-000277d0: 6961 626c 650a 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 iable.is set and\n-000277e0: 2074 7275 6520 2873 616d 6520 7661 6c75 true (same valu\n-000277f0: 6573 2061 7320 7769 7468 2054 504d 206d es as with TPM m\n-00027800: 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7329 2074 6869 easurements) thi\n-00027810: 7320 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e0a 7769 6c6c s situation.will\n-00027820: 2062 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 be considered t\n-00027830: 6f20 6265 2066 6174 616c 2061 6e64 2065 o be fatal and e\n-00027840: 7272 6f72 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 6173 2022 rror-logged as \"\n-00027850: 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 5450 4d20 6572 726f unknown TPM erro\n-00027860: 7222 2e0a 4966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2c20 r\"..If not set, \n-00027870: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 4f53 2077 booting the OS w\n-00027880: 696c 6c20 6265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e0a ill be enabled..\n-00027890: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000278a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 fo, Node: Envir\n-000278b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 onment block, P\n-000278c0: 7265 763a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 rev: Special env\n-000278d0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000278e0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e es, Up: Environ\n-000278f0: 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e32 2054 6865 2047 ment..15.2 The G\n-00027900: 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 RUB environment \n-00027910: 626c 6f63 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d block.==========\n+00026c10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n+00026c20: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+00026c30: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00026c40: 6465 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: root, Next:\n+00026c50: 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 shim_lock, Pre\n+00026c60: 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 v: pxe_default_s\n+00026c70: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 erver, Up: Spec\n+00026c80: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00026c90: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00026ca0: 3433 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 43 root.--------\n+00026cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 ----..The root d\n+00026cc0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 evice name (*not\n+00026cd0: 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a e Device syntax:\n+00026ce0: 3a29 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6e61 :). Any file na\n+00026cf0: 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 mes that do.not \n+00026d00: 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e 2065 7870 6c69 specify an expli\n+00026d10: 6369 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 cit device name \n+00026d20: 6172 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 are read from th\n+00026d30: 6973 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a is device. The.\n+00026d40: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 default is norma\n+00026d50: 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 lly set by GRUB \n+00026d60: 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 at startup based\n+00026d70: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 on the value of\n+00026d80: 0ae2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 282a ....prefix... (*\n+00026d90: 6e6f 7465 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a note prefix::)..\n+00026da0: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c . For example,\n+00026db0: 2069 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2069 6e73 if GRUB was ins\n+00026dc0: 7461 6c6c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 talled to the fi\n+00026dd0: 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 rst partition of\n+00026de0: 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 the.first hard \n+00026df0: 6469 736b 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 7072 disk, then ...pr\n+00026e00: 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d69 6768 7420 6265 efix... might be\n+00026e10: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9828 6864 302c set to ...(hd0,\n+00026e20: 6d73 646f 7331 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 msdos1)/boot/gru\n+00026e30: 62e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 b....and ...root\n+00026e40: e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6864 302c 6d73 ... to ...hd0,ms\n+00026e50: 646f 7331 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 dos1........File\n+00026e60: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00026e70: 6465 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 de: shim_lock, \n+00026e80: 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 Next: superusers\n+00026e90: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 , Prev: root, \n+00026ea0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00026eb0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00026ec0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3434 2073 6869 6d5f s..15.1.44 shim_\n+00026ed0: 6c6f 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lock.-----------\n+00026ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n+00026ef0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 variable is set \n+00026f00: 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d to ...y..., it m\n+00026f10: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7368 eans that the sh\n+00026f20: 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 im_lock verifier\n+00026f30: 2069 730a 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2028 is.registered (\n+00026f40: 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 5545 4649 2073 see *note UEFI s\n+00026f50: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 ecure boot and s\n+00026f60: 6869 6d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a him::).....File:\n+00026f70: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00026f80: 653a 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 e: superusers, \n+00026f90: 4e65 7874 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 5072 Next: theme, Pr\n+00026fa0: 6576 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 ev: shim_lock, \n+00026fb0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00026fc0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00026fd0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3435 2073 7570 6572 s..15.1.45 super\n+00026fe0: 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d users.----------\n+00026ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n+00027000: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 ariable may be s\n+00027010: 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 et to a list of \n+00027020: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 7320 superuser names \n+00027030: 746f 2065 6e61 626c 650a 6175 7468 656e to enable.authen\n+00027040: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 tication support\n+00027050: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 . *Note Securit\n+00027060: 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 y::.....File: gr\n+00027070: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00027080: 7468 656d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 theme, Next: ti\n+00027090: 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7375 meout, Prev: su\n+000270a0: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2055 703a 2053 perusers, Up: S\n+000270b0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+000270c0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+000270d0: 2e31 2e34 3620 7468 656d 650a 2d2d 2d2d .1.46 theme.----\n+000270e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 ---------..This \n+000270f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 variable may be \n+00027100: 7365 7420 746f 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f set to a directo\n+00027110: 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6120 ry containing a \n+00027120: 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d GRUB graphical m\n+00027130: 656e 750a 7468 656d 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 enu.theme. *Not\n+00027140: 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 e Theme file for\n+00027150: 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 mat::... This \n+00027160: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 variable is ofte\n+00027170: 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 n set by ...GRUB\n+00027180: 5f54 4845 4d45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 _THEME... (*note\n+00027190: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n+000271a0: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ation::).....Fil\n+000271b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000271c0: 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 204e ode: timeout, N\n+000271d0: 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 ext: timeout_sty\n+000271e0: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6865 6d65 le, Prev: theme\n+000271f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00027200: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00027210: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3720 7469 bles..15.1.47 ti\n+00027220: 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d meout.----------\n+00027230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n+00027240: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n+00027250: 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 it specifies the\n+00027260: 2074 696d 6520 696e 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 time in seconds\n+00027270: 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 to wait for.key\n+00027280: 626f 6172 6420 696e 7075 7420 6265 666f board input befo\n+00027290: 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 re booting the d\n+000272a0: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n+000272b0: 792e 2020 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 y. A timeout of\n+000272c0: 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 ...0....means t\n+000272d0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 o boot the defau\n+000272e0: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 lt entry immedia\n+000272f0: 7465 6c79 2077 6974 686f 7574 2064 6973 tely without dis\n+00027300: 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 playing the menu\n+00027310: 3b0a 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 ;.a timeout of .\n+00027320: 8098 2d31 e280 9920 286f 7220 756e 7365 ..-1... (or unse\n+00027330: 7429 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 7761 6974 t) means to wait\n+00027340: 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a indefinitely...\n+00027350: 2020 2049 6620 e280 9874 696d 656f 7574 If ...timeout\n+00027360: 5f73 7479 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 _style... (*note\n+00027370: 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a timeout_style::\n+00027380: 2920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9863 ) is set to ...c\n+00027390: 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0ae2 ountdown... or..\n+000273a0: 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 992c 2074 6865 ..hidden..., the\n+000273b0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 timeout is inst\n+000273c0: 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f ead counted befo\n+000273d0: 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 re the menu is d\n+000273e0: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 isplayed... Th\n+000273f0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f is variable is o\n+00027400: 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 ften set by ...G\n+00027410: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2028 RUB_TIMEOUT... (\n+00027420: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e *note Simple.con\n+00027430: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a figuration::)...\n+00027440: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00027450: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 o, Node: timeou\n+00027460: 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 t_style, Next: \n+00027470: 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 tpm_fail_fatal, \n+00027480: 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 Prev: timeout, \n+00027490: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+000274a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+000274b0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3820 7469 6d65 es..15.1.48 time\n+000274c0: 6f75 745f 7374 796c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d out_style.------\n+000274d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000274e0: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d .This variable m\n+000274f0: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 ay be set to ...\n+00027500: 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 636f 756e menu..., ...coun\n+00027510: 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 tdown..., or ...\n+00027520: 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 746f 2063 6f6e hidden... to con\n+00027530: 7472 6f6c 0a74 6865 2077 6179 2069 6e20 trol.the way in \n+00027540: 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 which the timeou\n+00027550: 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 t (*note timeout\n+00027560: 3a3a 2920 696e 7465 7261 6374 7320 7769 ::) interacts wi\n+00027570: 7468 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 670a 7468 th displaying.th\n+00027580: 6520 6d65 6e75 2e20 2053 6565 2074 6865 e menu. See the\n+00027590: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f documentation o\n+000275a0: 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 f ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n+000275b0: 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 T_STYLE... (*not\n+000275c0: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple.configu\n+000275d0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6465 ration::) for de\n+000275e0: 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tails.....File: \n+000275f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00027600: 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c : tpm_fail_fatal\n+00027610: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 , Prev: timeout\n+00027620: 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 _style, Up: Spe\n+00027630: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00027640: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00027650: 2e34 3920 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 .49 tpm_fail_fat\n+00027660: 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al.-------------\n+00027670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n+00027680: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n+00027690: 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2869 2e65 et and true (i.e\n+000276a0: 2e2c 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2230 ., not set to \"0\n+000276b0: 222c 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2c0a 2264 6973 \", \"false\",.\"dis\n+000276c0: 6162 6c65 222c 206f 7220 226e 6f22 292c able\", or \"no\"),\n+000276d0: 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 TPM measurement\n+000276e0: 7320 7468 6174 2066 6169 6c20 7769 6c6c s that fail will\n+000276f0: 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 0a66 be treated as.f\n+00027700: 6174 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 atal. Otherwise\n+00027710: 2c20 7468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6d65 7265 , they will mere\n+00027720: 6c79 2062 6520 6465 6275 672d 6c6f 6767 ly be debug-logg\n+00027730: 6564 2061 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 6c6c ed and boot will\n+00027740: 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 .continue... C\n+00027750: 616c 6c20 746f 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 all to EFI firmw\n+00027760: 6172 652c 206c 696b 6520 6861 7368 5f6c are, like hash_l\n+00027770: 6f67 5f65 7874 656e 645f 6576 656e 7428 og_extend_event(\n+00027780: 292c 2063 616e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 616e ), can return an\n+00027790: 0a75 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 .unknown error, \n+000277a0: 692e 652e 2020 6475 6520 746f 2062 7567 i.e. due to bug\n+000277b0: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2069 6e20 6669 726d present in firm\n+000277c0: 7761 7265 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6973 ware. When this\n+000277d0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 6973 2073 6574 variable.is set\n+000277e0: 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2873 616d 6520 and true (same \n+000277f0: 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7320 7769 7468 2054 values as with T\n+00027800: 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7329 PM measurements)\n+00027810: 2074 6869 7320 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e0a this situation.\n+00027820: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 will be consider\n+00027830: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6174 616c 2061 ed to be fatal a\n+00027840: 6e64 2065 7272 6f72 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 nd error-logged \n+00027850: 6173 2022 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 5450 4d20 as \"unknown TPM \n+00027860: 6572 726f 7222 2e0a 4966 206e 6f74 2073 error\"..If not s\n+00027870: 6574 2c20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 et, booting the \n+00027880: 4f53 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2065 6e61 626c OS will be enabl\n+00027890: 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ed.....File: gru\n+000278a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 b.info, Node: E\n+000278b0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+000278c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 7065 6369 616c , Prev: Special\n+000278d0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000278e0: 6961 626c 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2045 6e76 iables, Up: Env\n+000278f0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e32 2054 ironment..15.2 T\n+00027900: 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d he GRUB environm\n+00027910: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ent block.======\n 00027920: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00027930: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 7420 6973 206f 6674 =====..It is oft\n-00027940: 656e 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2062 6520 en useful to be \n-00027950: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 able to remember\n-00027960: 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 a small amount \n-00027970: 6f66 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a66 of information.f\n-00027980: 726f 6d20 6f6e 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f20 rom one boot to \n-00027990: 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 the next. For e\n-000279a0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 xample, you migh\n-000279b0: 7420 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 t want to set th\n-000279c0: 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 e.default menu e\n-000279d0: 6e74 7279 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7768 ntry based on wh\n-000279e0: 6174 2077 6173 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 at was selected \n-000279f0: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2074 696d 652e 2020 the last time. \n-00027a00: 4752 5542 0a64 656c 6962 6572 6174 656c GRUB.deliberatel\n-00027a10: 7920 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 y does not imple\n-00027a20: 6d65 6e74 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 ment support for\n-00027a30: 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2066 696c 6573 2069 writing files i\n-00027a40: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 0a6d 696e 696d n order to.minim\n-00027a50: 6973 6520 7468 6520 706f 7373 6962 696c ise the possibil\n-00027a60: 6974 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 ity of the boot \n-00027a70: 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6573 loader being res\n-00027a80: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2066 696c ponsible for fil\n-00027a90: 650a 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 e.system corrupt\n-00027aa0: 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2063 ion, so a GRUB c\n-00027ab0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00027ac0: 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 206a 7573 7420 6372 e cannot just cr\n-00027ad0: 6561 7465 2061 0a66 696c 6520 696e 2074 eate a.file in t\n-00027ae0: 6865 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 7761 792e he ordinary way.\n-00027af0: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2047 5255 4220 However, GRUB \n-00027b00: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 6e20 2265 6e76 provides an \"env\n-00027b10: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 220a ironment block\".\n-00027b20: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 which can be use\n-00027b30: 6420 746f 2073 6176 6520 6120 736d 616c d to save a smal\n-00027b40: 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7374 6174 l amount of stat\n-00027b50: 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 e... The envir\n-00027b60: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 7320 onment block is \n-00027b70: 6120 7072 6561 6c6c 6f63 6174 6564 2031 a preallocated 1\n-00027b80: 3032 342d 6279 7465 2066 696c 652c 2077 024-byte file, w\n-00027b90: 6869 6368 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6c69 hich.normally li\n-00027ba0: 7665 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f ves in .../boot/\n-00027bb0: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 6265 6e76 e280 9920 grub/grubenv... \n-00027bc0: 2861 6c74 686f 7567 6820 796f 7520 7368 (although you sh\n-00027bd0: 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d 650a ould not assume.\n-00027be0: 7468 6973 292e 2020 4174 2062 6f6f 7420 this). At boot \n-00027bf0: 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c 6f61 time, the ...loa\n-00027c00: 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 d_env... command\n-00027c10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 (*note load_env\n-00027c20: 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 730a 656e 7669 726f ::) loads.enviro\n-00027c30: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nment variables \n-00027c40: 6672 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 from it, and the\n-00027c50: 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 ...save_env... \n-00027c60: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a (*note save_env:\n-00027c70: 3a29 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 6573 :).command saves\n-00027c80: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00027c90: 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2046 iables to it. F\n-00027ca0: 726f 6d20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7379 rom a running sy\n-00027cb0: 7374 656d 2c20 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 stem, the....gru\n-00027cc0: 622d 6564 6974 656e 76e2 8099 2075 7469 b-editenv... uti\n-00027cd0: 6c69 7479 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 lity can be used\n-00027ce0: 2074 6f20 6564 6974 2074 6865 2065 6e76 to edit the env\n-00027cf0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a ironment block..\n-00027d00: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7361 6665 7479 2072 . For safety r\n-00027d10: 6561 736f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2073 746f easons, this sto\n-00027d20: 7261 6765 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 rage is only ava\n-00027d30: 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 ilable when inst\n-00027d40: 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 0a61 2070 6c61 696e alled on.a plain\n-00027d50: 2064 6973 6b20 286e 6f20 4c56 4d20 6f72 disk (no LVM or\n-00027d60: 2052 4149 4429 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6120 RAID), using a \n-00027d70: 6e6f 6e2d 6368 6563 6b73 756d 6d69 6e67 non-checksumming\n-00027d80: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 286e 6f0a filesystem (no.\n-00027d90: 5a46 5329 2c20 616e 6420 7573 696e 6720 ZFS), and using \n-00027da0: 4249 4f53 206f 7220 4546 4920 6675 6e63 BIOS or EFI func\n-00027db0: 7469 6f6e 7320 286e 6f20 4154 412c 2055 tions (no ATA, U\n-00027dc0: 5342 206f 7220 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e SB or IEEE1275).\n-00027dd0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 .. ...grub-mkc\n-00027de0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 onfig... uses th\n-00027df0: 6973 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 746f 2069 is facility to i\n-00027e00: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 20e2 8098 4752 5542 mplement ...GRUB\n-00027e10: 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a _SAVEDEFAULT....\n-00027e20: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f (*note Simple co\n-00027e30: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a nfiguration::)..\n-00027e40: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00027e50: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6f64 756c fo, Node: Modul\n-00027e60: 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 es, Next: Comma\n-00027e70: 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 456e 7669 nds, Prev: Envi\n-00027e80: 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ronment, Up: To\n-00027e90: 700a 0a31 3620 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 2a2a p..16 Modules.**\n-00027ea0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 ********..In thi\n-00027eb0: 7320 6368 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 6c69 s chapter, we li\n-00027ec0: 7374 2061 6c6c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 st all modules t\n-00027ed0: 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c hat are availabl\n-00027ee0: 6520 696e 2047 5255 420a 2863 7572 7265 e in GRUB.(curre\n-00027ef0: 6e74 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 ntly incomplete)\n-00027f00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6361 ... Modules ca\n-00027f10: 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7669 6120 n be loaded via \n-00027f20: 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 the ...insmod...\n-00027f30: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a (*note insmod::\n-00027f40: 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 ) command...* Me\n-00027f50: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 6c69 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a nu:..* bli::....\n-00027f60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00027f70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 692c 2020 5570 Node: bli, Up\n-00027f80: 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 0a31 362e 3120 : Modules..16.1 \n-00027f90: 626c 690a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 bli.========..Th\n-00027fa0: 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7072 6f76 6964 is module provid\n-00027fb0: 6573 2062 6173 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 es basic support\n-00027fc0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 4c6f for the Boot Lo\n-00027fd0: 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 ader Interface. \n-00027fe0: 2054 6865 0a42 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 The.Boot Loader\n-00027ff0: 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2073 7065 6369 Interface speci\n-00028000: 6669 6573 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 4546 fies a set of EF\n-00028010: 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7468 6174 I variables that\n-00028020: 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a63 6f6d are used to.com\n-00028030: 6d75 6e69 6361 7465 2062 6f6f 742d 7469 municate boot-ti\n-00028040: 6d65 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2062 me information b\n-00028050: 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c etween the bootl\n-00028060: 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f70 oader and the.op\n-00028070: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2e0a erating system..\n-00028080: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e . The followin\n-00028090: 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 6520 g variables are \n-000280a0: 706c 6163 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 placed under the\n-000280b0: 2076 656e 646f 7220 5555 4944 0ae2 8098 vendor UUID....\n-000280c0: 3461 3637 6230 3832 2d30 6134 632d 3431 4a67b082-0a4c-41\n-000280d0: 6366 2d62 3663 372d 3434 3062 3239 6262 cf-b6c7-440b29bb\n-000280e0: 3863 3466 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 8c4f... when the\n-000280f0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 module is loade\n-00028100: 643a 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2047 5054 2070 d:.. The GPT p\n-00028110: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 4420 6f66 artition UUID of\n-00028120: 2074 6865 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d20 the EFI System \n-00028130: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 2064 Partition used d\n-00028140: 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 0a69 7320 7075 uring boot.is pu\n-00028150: 626c 6973 6865 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 blished via the \n-00028160: e280 984c 6f61 6465 7244 6576 6963 6550 ...LoaderDeviceP\n-00028170: 6172 7455 5549 44e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 artUUID... varia\n-00028180: 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 426f 6f74 204c ble. The Boot L\n-00028190: 6f61 6465 720a 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 oader.Interface \n-000281a0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7265 specification re\n-000281b0: 7175 6972 6573 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 quires GPT forma\n-000281c0: 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 732e 2020 5468 tted drives. Th\n-000281d0: 6520 626c 6920 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a69 676e e bli module.ign\n-000281e0: 6f72 6573 2064 7269 7665 732f 7061 7274 ores drives/part\n-000281f0: 6974 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 616e 7920 6f74 itions in any ot\n-00028200: 6865 7220 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 her format. If \n-00028210: 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 GRUB is loaded f\n-00028220: 726f 6d20 610a 6e6f 6e2d 4750 5420 7061 rom a.non-GPT pa\n-00028230: 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2065 2e67 2e20 2066 rtition, e.g. f\n-00028240: 726f 6d20 616e 204d 5344 4f53 2066 6f72 rom an MSDOS for\n-00028250: 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 206f 7220 matted drive or \n-00028260: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2074 6869 730a 7661 network, this.va\n-00028270: 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 riable will not \n-00028280: 6265 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 7374 be set... A st\n-00028290: 7269 6e67 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 ring identifying\n-000282a0: 2047 5255 4220 6173 2074 6865 2061 6374 GRUB as the act\n-000282b0: 6976 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2069 ive bootloader i\n-000282c0: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a76 6572 ncluding the.ver\n-000282d0: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6973 2073 sion number is s\n-000282e0: 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 4c6f 6164 tored in ...Load\n-000282f0: 6572 496e 666f e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 erInfo...... T\n-00028300: 6869 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6f6e his module is on\n-00028310: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n-00028320: 5545 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a UEFI platforms..\n-00028330: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00028340: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 fo, Node: Comma\n-00028350: 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7465 nds, Next: Inte\n-00028360: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e rnationalisation\n-00028370: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 , Prev: Modules\n-00028380: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3137 2041 , Up: Top..17 A\n-00028390: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 vailable command\n-000283a0: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n-000283b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 *******..In this\n-000283c0: 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 chapter, we lis\n-000283d0: 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 t all commands t\n-000283e0: 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c hat are availabl\n-000283f0: 6520 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2043 e in GRUB... 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In\n-00028500: 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f6e rescue mode, on\n-00028510: 6c79 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 ly the ...insmod\n-00028520: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f ... (*note insmo\n-00028530: 643a 3a29 2c20 e280 986c 73e2 8099 2028 d::), ...ls... (\n-00028540: 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 *note.ls::), ...\n-00028550: 7365 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 set... (*note se\n-00028560: 743a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9875 6e73 t::), and ...uns\n-00028570: 6574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 et... (*note uns\n-00028580: 6574 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 et::) commands a\n-00028590: 7265 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6176 6169 re.normally avai\n-000285a0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 lable. If you e\n-000285b0: 6e64 2075 7020 696e 2072 6573 6375 6520 nd up in rescue \n-000285c0: 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 mode and do not \n-000285d0: 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 740a 746f 2064 6f2c know what.to do,\n-000285e0: 2074 6865 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4752 5542 then *note GRUB\n-000285f0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 only offers a r\n-00028600: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a escue shell::...\n-00028610: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 752d * Menu:..* Menu-\n-00028620: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 specific command\n-00028630: 733a 3a0a 2a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d s::.* Loader com\n-00028640: 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 mands::.* Genera\n-00028650: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2043 l commands::.* C\n-00028660: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00028670: 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 776f 726b ands::.* Network\n-00028680: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a ing commands::.*\n-00028690: 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f Undocumented co\n-000286a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 mmands::....File\n-000286b0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000286c0: 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 de: Menu-specifi\n-000286d0: 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 c commands, Nex\n-000286e0: 743a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e t: Loader comman\n-000286f0: 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds, Up: Command\n-00028700: 730a 0a31 372e 3120 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 s..17.1 Commands\n-00028710: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6f6e for the menu on\n-00028720: 6c79 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ly.=============\n+00027930: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 7420 6973 =========..It is\n+00027940: 206f 6674 656e 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f often useful to\n+00027950: 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 be able to reme\n+00027960: 6d62 6572 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 6d6f mber a small amo\n+00027970: 756e 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 unt of informati\n+00027980: 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e 6520 626f 6f74 on.from one boot\n+00027990: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2e20 2046 to the next. F\n+000279a0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 796f 7520 or example, you \n+000279b0: 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 might want to se\n+000279c0: 7420 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 t the.default me\n+000279d0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6173 6564 206f nu entry based o\n+000279e0: 6e20 7768 6174 2077 6173 2073 656c 6563 n what was selec\n+000279f0: 7465 6420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2074 696d ted the last tim\n+00027a00: 652e 2020 4752 5542 0a64 656c 6962 6572 e. GRUB.deliber\n+00027a10: 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 ately does not i\n+00027a20: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 7570 706f 7274 mplement support\n+00027a30: 2066 6f72 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2066 696c for writing fil\n+00027a40: 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 0a6d es in order to.m\n+00027a50: 696e 696d 6973 6520 7468 6520 706f 7373 inimise the poss\n+00027a60: 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2062 ibility of the b\n+00027a70: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6569 6e67 oot loader being\n+00027a80: 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 responsible for\n+00027a90: 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f72 file.system cor\n+00027aa0: 7275 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 6120 4752 ruption, so a GR\n+00027ab0: 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e UB configuration\n+00027ac0: 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 206a 7573 file cannot jus\n+00027ad0: 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 0a66 696c 6520 t create a.file \n+00027ae0: 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 in the ordinary \n+00027af0: 7761 792e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2047 way. However, G\n+00027b00: 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 6e20 RUB provides an \n+00027b10: 2265 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f \"environment blo\n+00027b20: 636b 220a 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 ck\".which can be\n+00027b30: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6176 6520 6120 used to save a \n+00027b40: 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 small amount of \n+00027b50: 7374 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 state... The e\n+00027b60: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00027b70: 2069 7320 6120 7072 6561 6c6c 6f63 6174 is a preallocat\n+00027b80: 6564 2031 3032 342d 6279 7465 2066 696c ed 1024-byte fil\n+00027b90: 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c e, which.normall\n+00027ba0: 7920 6c69 7665 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f62 y lives in .../b\n+00027bb0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 6265 6e76 oot/grub/grubenv\n+00027bc0: e280 9920 2861 6c74 686f 7567 6820 796f ... (although yo\n+00027bd0: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2061 7373 u should not ass\n+00027be0: 756d 650a 7468 6973 292e 2020 4174 2062 ume.this). At b\n+00027bf0: 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6520 e280 oot time, the ..\n+00027c00: 986c 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d .load_env... com\n+00027c10: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 mand (*note load\n+00027c20: 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 730a 656e _env::) loads.en\n+00027c30: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00027c40: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 6e64 les from it, and\n+00027c50: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 the ...save_env\n+00027c60: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6176 655f ... (*note save_\n+00027c70: 656e 763a 3a29 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 env::).command s\n+00027c80: 6176 6573 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 aves environment\n+00027c90: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6974 variables to it\n+00027ca0: 2e20 2046 726f 6d20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e . From a runnin\n+00027cb0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 650a e280 g system, the...\n+00027cc0: 9867 7275 622d 6564 6974 656e 76e2 8099 .grub-editenv...\n+00027cd0: 2075 7469 6c69 7479 2063 616e 2062 6520 utility can be \n+00027ce0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6564 6974 2074 6865 used to edit the\n+00027cf0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n+00027d00: 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7361 6665 ck... For safe\n+00027d10: 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 ty reasons, this\n+00027d20: 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 storage is only\n+00027d30: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 6e20 available when \n+00027d40: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 0a61 2070 installed on.a p\n+00027d50: 6c61 696e 2064 6973 6b20 286e 6f20 4c56 lain disk (no LV\n+00027d60: 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 4429 2c20 7573 696e M or RAID), usin\n+00027d70: 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 6563 6b73 756d g a non-checksum\n+00027d80: 6d69 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 ming filesystem \n+00027d90: 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 616e 6420 7573 (no.ZFS), and us\n+00027da0: 696e 6720 4249 4f53 206f 7220 4546 4920 ing BIOS or EFI \n+00027db0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 286e 6f20 4154 functions (no AT\n+00027dc0: 412c 2055 5342 206f 7220 4945 4545 3132 A, USB or IEEE12\n+00027dd0: 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 75)... ...grub\n+00027de0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2075 7365 -mkconfig... use\n+00027df0: 7320 7468 6973 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 s this facility \n+00027e00: 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 20e2 8098 to implement ...\n+00027e10: 4752 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT\n+00027e20: e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c ....(*note Simpl\n+00027e30: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e configuration:\n+00027e40: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+00027e50: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d b.info, Node: M\n+00027e60: 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 odules, Next: C\n+00027e70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ommands, Prev: \n+00027e80: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 5570 Environment, Up\n+00027e90: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3620 4d6f 6475 6c65 : Top..16 Module\n+00027ea0: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e s.**********..In\n+00027eb0: 2074 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 722c 2077 this chapter, w\n+00027ec0: 6520 6c69 7374 2061 6c6c 206d 6f64 756c e list all modul\n+00027ed0: 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 es that are avai\n+00027ee0: 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 420a 2863 lable in GRUB.(c\n+00027ef0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c urrently incompl\n+00027f00: 6574 6529 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 ete)... Module\n+00027f10: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 s can be loaded \n+00027f20: 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f via the ...insmo\n+00027f30: 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d d... (*note insm\n+00027f40: 6f64 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a od::) command...\n+00027f50: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 6c69 3a3a * Menu:..* bli::\n+00027f60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00027f70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 692c nfo, Node: bli,\n+00027f80: 2020 5570 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 0a31 Up: Modules..1\n+00027f90: 362e 3120 626c 690a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 6.1 bli.========\n+00027fa0: 0a0a 5468 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7072 ..This module pr\n+00027fb0: 6f76 6964 6573 2062 6173 6963 2073 7570 ovides basic sup\n+00027fc0: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2042 6f6f port for the Boo\n+00027fd0: 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 t Loader Interfa\n+00027fe0: 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a42 6f6f 7420 4c6f ce. The.Boot Lo\n+00027ff0: 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2073 ader Interface s\n+00028000: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2073 6574 206f pecifies a set o\n+00028010: 6620 4546 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 f EFI variables \n+00028020: 7468 6174 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f that are used to\n+00028030: 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7465 2062 6f6f .communicate boo\n+00028040: 742d 7469 6d65 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 t-time informati\n+00028050: 6f6e 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 2062 on between the b\n+00028060: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 7468 ootloader and th\n+00028070: 650a 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 e.operating syst\n+00028080: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c em... The foll\n+00028090: 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 owing variables \n+000280a0: 6172 6520 706c 6163 6564 2075 6e64 6572 are placed under\n+000280b0: 2074 6865 2076 656e 646f 7220 5555 4944 the vendor UUID\n+000280c0: 0ae2 8098 3461 3637 6230 3832 2d30 6134 ....4a67b082-0a4\n+000280d0: 632d 3431 6366 2d62 3663 372d 3434 3062 c-41cf-b6c7-440b\n+000280e0: 3239 6262 3863 3466 e280 9920 7768 656e 29bb8c4f... when\n+000280f0: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c the module is l\n+00028100: 6f61 6465 643a 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2047 oaded:.. The G\n+00028110: 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 PT partition UUI\n+00028120: 4420 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2053 7973 D of the EFI Sys\n+00028130: 7465 6d20 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 tem Partition us\n+00028140: 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 0a69 ed during boot.i\n+00028150: 7320 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 7669 6120 s published via \n+00028160: 7468 6520 e280 984c 6f61 6465 7244 6576 the ...LoaderDev\n+00028170: 6963 6550 6172 7455 5549 44e2 8099 2076 icePartUUID... v\n+00028180: 6172 6961 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 426f ariable. The Bo\n+00028190: 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 720a 496e 7465 7266 ot Loader.Interf\n+000281a0: 6163 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f ace specificatio\n+000281b0: 6e20 7265 7175 6972 6573 2047 5054 2066 n requires GPT f\n+000281c0: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 732e ormatted drives.\n+000281d0: 2020 5468 6520 626c 6920 6d6f 6475 6c65 The bli module\n+000281e0: 0a69 676e 6f72 6573 2064 7269 7665 732f .ignores drives/\n+000281f0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 616e partitions in an\n+00028200: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 666f 726d 6174 2e20 y other format. \n+00028210: 2049 6620 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 If GRUB is load\n+00028220: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 610a 6e6f 6e2d 4750 ed from a.non-GP\n+00028230: 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2065 2e67 T partition, e.g\n+00028240: 2e20 2066 726f 6d20 616e 204d 5344 4f53 . from an MSDOS\n+00028250: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 formatted drive\n+00028260: 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2074 6869 or network, thi\n+00028270: 730a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 s.variable will \n+00028280: 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 not be set... \n+00028290: 4120 7374 7269 6e67 2069 6465 6e74 6966 A string identif\n+000282a0: 7969 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6173 2074 6865 ying GRUB as the\n+000282b0: 2061 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 active bootload\n+000282c0: 6572 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 er including the\n+000282d0: 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 .version number \n+000282e0: 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 is stored in ...\n+000282f0: 4c6f 6164 6572 496e 666f e280 992e 0a0a LoaderInfo......\n+00028300: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 This module i\n+00028310: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n+00028320: 206f 6e20 5545 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 on UEFI platfor\n+00028330: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n+00028340: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 b.info, Node: C\n+00028350: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ommands, Next: \n+00028360: 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 Internationalisa\n+00028370: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 6f64 tion, Prev: Mod\n+00028380: 756c 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ules, Up: Top..\n+00028390: 3137 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 17 Available com\n+000283a0: 6d61 6e64 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a mands.**********\n+000283b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 ***********..In \n+000283c0: 7468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 this chapter, we\n+000283d0: 206c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e list all comman\n+000283e0: 6473 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 ds that are avai\n+000283f0: 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a lable in GRUB...\n+00028400: 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6265 6c6f Commands belo\n+00028410: 6e67 2074 6f20 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 ng to different \n+00028420: 6772 6f75 7073 2e20 2041 2066 6577 2063 groups. 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All\n-00029170: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2074 6865 options are the\n-00029180: 2073 616d 6520 6173 2069 6e20 7468 6520 same as in the \n-00029190: e280 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e280 9920 ...menuentry... \n-000291a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 command (*note. \n-000291b0: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a 3a29 menuentry::)\n-000291c0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000291d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 info, Node: Loa\n-000291e0: 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e der commands, N\n-000291f0: 6578 743a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d ext: General com\n-00029200: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d65 mands, Prev: Me\n-00029210: 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d nu-specific comm\n-00029220: 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ands, Up: Comma\n-00029230: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3220 5661 7269 6f75 nds..17.2 Variou\n-00029240: 7320 6c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s loader command\n-00029250: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-00029260: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00029270: 5468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 These commands a\n-00029280: 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 re used to load \n-00029290: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 636f 6d70 6f6e necessary compon\n-000292a0: 656e 7473 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2064 6573 ents to boot des\n-000292b0: 6972 6564 204f 532e 0a4d 616e 7920 6f66 ired OS..Many of\n-000292c0: 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d the loader comm\n-000292d0: 616e 6473 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 7566 ands are not suf\n-000292e0: 6669 6369 656e 746c 7920 646f 6375 6d65 ficiently docume\n-000292f0: 6e74 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a66 6f6c 6c6f nted. The.follo\n-00029300: 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f wing is a list o\n-00029310: 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 f commands that \n-00029320: 636f 756c 6420 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 could use more d\n-00029330: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 ocumentation:.. \n-00029340: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 7070 6c65 6c6f ... ...applelo\n-00029350: 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 426f 6f74 2042 ader... - Boot B\n-00029360: 494f 532d 6261 7365 6420 7379 7374 656d IOS-based system\n-00029370: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6672 6565 .. ... ...free\n-00029380: 646f 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 dos... - Load Fr\n-00029390: 6565 444f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 2e73 7973 eeDOS kernel.sys\n-000293a0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 .. ... ...kfre\n-000293b0: 6562 7364 5f6c 6f61 6465 6e76 e280 9920 ebsd_loadenv... \n-000293c0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 2065 - Load FreeBSD e\n-000293d0: 6e76 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 nv.. ... ...kf\n-000293e0: 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c reebsd_module_el\n-000293f0: 66e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 f... - Load Free\n-00029400: 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c BSD kernel modul\n-00029410: 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e (ELF).. ... \n-00029420: e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 ...kfreebsd_modu\n-00029430: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 le... - Load Fre\n-00029440: 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 eBSD kernel modu\n-00029450: 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 le.. ... ...kf\n-00029460: 7265 6562 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 reebsd... - Load\n-00029470: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 kernel of FreeB\n-00029480: 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e SD.. ... ...kn\n-00029490: 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 etbsd_module_elf\n-000294a0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 4253 ... - Load NetBS\n-000294b0: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6520 D kernel module \n-000294c0: 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 (ELF).. ... ..\n-000294d0: 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 .knetbsd_module.\n-000294e0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 5344 .. - Load NetBSD\n-000294f0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a kernel module..\n-00029500: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 ... ...knetbs\n-00029510: 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e d... - Load kern\n-00029520: 656c 206f 6620 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 2020 el of NetBSD.. \n-00029530: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 ... ...kopenbsd\n-00029540: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 ... - Load kerne\n-00029550: 6c20 6f66 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2e0a 2020 l of OpenBSD.. \n-00029560: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 ... ...kopenbsd\n-00029570: 5f72 616d 6469 736b e280 9920 2d20 4c6f _ramdisk... - Lo\n-00029580: 6164 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 7261 6d64 ad kOpenBSD ramd\n-00029590: 6973 6b2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c isk.. ... ...l\n-000295a0: 6567 6163 795f 696e 6974 7264 5f6e 6f75 egacy_initrd_nou\n-000295b0: 6e7a 6970 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 nzip... - Simula\n-000295c0: 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 te grub-legacy '\n-000295d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 6e6f 756e 7a69 7027 0a20 modulenounzip'. \n-000295e0: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 command. .\n-000295f0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f69 6e69 .. ...legacy_ini\n-00029600: 7472 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 trd... - Simulat\n-00029610: 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2769 e grub-legacy 'i\n-00029620: 6e69 7472 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 nitrd' command. \n-00029630: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f ... ...legacy_\n-00029640: 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 kernel... - Simu\n-00029650: 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 late grub-legacy\n-00029660: 2027 6b65 726e 656c 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 'kernel' comman\n-00029670: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 d. ... ...modu\n-00029680: 6c65 32e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 le2... - Load a \n-00029690: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 6d6f 6475 multiboot 2 modu\n-000296a0: 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f le.. ... ...mo\n-000296b0: 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 dule... - Load a\n-000296c0: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206d 6f64 756c multiboot modul\n-000296d0: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 756c e.. ... ...mul\n-000296e0: 7469 626f 6f74 32e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 tiboot2... - Loa\n-000296f0: 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 d a multiboot 2 \n-00029700: 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 kernel.. ... .\n-00029710: 8098 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d ..multiboot... -\n-00029720: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Load a multiboo\n-00029730: 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 t kernel.. ...\n-00029740: 20e2 8098 6e74 6c64 72e2 8099 202d 204c ...ntldr... - L\n-00029750: 6f61 6420 4e54 4c44 5220 6f72 2042 6f6f oad NTLDR or Boo\n-00029760: 744d 4752 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tMGR.. ... ...\n-00029770: 706c 616e 39e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 plan9... - Load \n-00029780: 506c 616e 3920 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 Plan9 kernel.. \n-00029790: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6861 696e ... ...pxechain\n-000297a0: 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 loader... - Load\n-000297b0: 2061 2050 5845 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 a PXE image.. \n-000297c0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 ... ...truecryp\n-000297d0: 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 5472 7565 t... - Load True\n-000297e0: 6372 7970 7420 4953 4f2e 0a20 2020 e280 crypt ISO.. ..\n-000297f0: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 6c36 . ...xnu_kernel6\n-00029800: 34e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 3634 2d62 4... - Load 64-b\n-00029810: 6974 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 it XNU image.. \n-00029820: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 726e ... ...xnu_kern\n-00029830: 656c e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 el... - Load XNU\n-00029840: 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 image.. ... .\n-00029850: 8098 786e 755f 6b65 7874 6469 72e2 8099 ..xnu_kextdir...\n-00029860: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 - Load XNU exte\n-00029870: 6e73 696f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e nsion directory.\n-00029880: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b . ... ...xnu_k\n-00029890: 6578 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e ext... - Load XN\n-000298a0: 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 U extension.. \n-000298b0: e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6d 6b65 7874 ... ...xnu_mkext\n-000298c0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 ... - Load XNU e\n-000298d0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2070 6163 6b61 6765 xtension package\n-000298e0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n-000298f0: 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ramdisk... - Loa\n-00029900: 6420 584e 5520 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 2020 d XNU ramdisk. \n-00029910: 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7661 696c It will be avail\n-00029920: 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 4f53 2061 730a 2020 able in OS as. \n-00029930: 2020 206d 6430 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 md0.. ... .\n-00029940: 8098 786e 755f 7265 7375 6d65 e280 9920 ..xnu_resume... \n-00029950: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 - Load an image \n-00029960: 6f66 2068 6962 6572 6e61 7465 6420 584e of hibernated XN\n-00029970: 552e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 U.. ... ...xnu\n-00029980: 5f73 706c 6173 68e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 _splash... - Loa\n-00029990: 6420 6120 7370 6c61 7368 2069 6d61 6765 d a splash image\n-000299a0: 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e for XNU...* Men\n-000299b0: 753a 0a0a 2a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 u:..* chainloade\n-000299c0: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n-000299d0: 2020 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2061 Chain-load a\n-000299e0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 nother boot load\n-000299f0: 6572 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a20 2020 er.* initrd:: \n-00029a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029a10: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 Load a Linux \n-00029a20: 696e 6974 7264 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 initrd.* initrd1\n-00029a30: 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6:: \n-00029a40: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 Load a Li\n-00029a50: 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 2028 3136 2d62 nux initrd (16-b\n-00029a60: 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 it mode).* linux\n-00029a70: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00029a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 Load a \n-00029a90: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206c Linux kernel.* l\n-00029aa0: 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 inux16:: \n-00029ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n-00029ac0: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c d a Linux kernel\n-00029ad0: 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a (16-bit mode).*\n-00029ae0: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a xen_hypervisor:\n-00029af0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c : L\n-00029b00: 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 oad xen hypervis\n-00029b10: 6f72 2062 696e 6172 7920 286f 6e6c 7920 or binary (only \n-00029b20: 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a 2a20 7865 on AArch64).* xe\n-00029b30: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 n_module:: \n-00029b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 Load\n-00029b50: 2078 656e 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 6f72 xen modules for\n-00029b60: 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 xen hypervisor \n-00029b70: 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 (only on AArch64\n-00029b80: 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e )....File: grub.\n-00029b90: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6861 info, Node: cha\n-00029ba0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a inloader, Next:\n-00029bb0: 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f initrd, Up: Lo\n-00029bc0: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ader commands..1\n-00029bd0: 372e 322e 3120 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7.2.1 chainloade\n-00029be0: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n-00029bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00029c00: 643a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 205b d: chainloader [\n-00029c10: 2d2d 666f 7263 655d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 --force] file [a\n-00029c20: 7267 732e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 rgs...]. Loa\n-00029c30: 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 6368 6169 d FILE as a chai\n-00029c40: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204c 696b 6520 n-loader. Like \n-00029c50: 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6669 6c65 206c any other file l\n-00029c60: 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 oaded by the. \n-00029c70: 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f64 filesystem cod\n-00029c80: 652c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 e, it can use th\n-00029c90: 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6e6f 7461 e blocklist nota\n-00029ca0: 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 tion (*note Bloc\n-00029cb0: 6b0a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 k. list synt\n-00029cc0: 6178 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 7261 6220 7468 ax::) to grab th\n-00029cd0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f e first sector o\n-00029ce0: 6620 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7061 f the current pa\n-00029cf0: 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 rtition. wit\n-00029d00: 6820 e280 982b 31e2 8099 2e20 204f 6e20 h ...+1.... On \n-00029d10: 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2061 EFI platforms, a\n-00029d20: 6e79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2061 6674 ny arguments aft\n-00029d30: 6572 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 er FILE will be \n-00029d40: 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 sent. to the\n-00029d50: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696d 6167 652e 0a0a loaded image...\n-00029d60: 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 If you spec\n-00029d70: 6966 7920 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 ify the option .\n-00029d80: 8098 2d2d 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 ..--force..., th\n-00029d90: 656e 206c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2066 6f72 en load FILE for\n-00029da0: 6369 626c 792c 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6574 cibly,. whet\n-00029db0: 6865 7220 6974 2068 6173 2061 2063 6f72 her it has a cor\n-00029dc0: 7265 6374 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 206f rect signature o\n-00029dd0: 7220 6e6f 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 r not. This is \n-00029de0: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 required when. \n-00029df0: 2020 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 206c you want to l\n-00029e00: 6f61 6420 6120 6465 6665 6374 6976 6520 oad a defective \n-00029e10: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2073 7563 boot loader, suc\n-00029e20: 6820 6173 2053 434f 2055 6e69 7857 6172 h as SCO UnixWar\n-00029e30: 6520 372e 312e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 e 7.1.....File: \n-00029e40: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00029e50: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a : initrd, Next:\n-00029e60: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 5072 6576 initrd16, Prev\n-00029e70: 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 : chainloader, \n-00029e80: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n-00029e90: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3220 696e 6974 nds..17.2.2 init\n-00029ea0: 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rd.-------------\n-00029eb0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 .. -- Command: i\n-00029ec0: 6e69 7472 6420 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 nitrd file [file\n-00029ed0: 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c ...]. Load,\n-00029ee0: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 in order, all i\n-00029ef0: 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e nitrds for a Lin\n-00029f00: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652c ux kernel image,\n-00029f10: 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 0a20 2020 and set the. \n-00029f20: 2020 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 appropriate pa\n-00029f30: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 rameters in the \n-00029f40: 4c69 6e75 7820 7365 7475 7020 6172 6561 Linux setup area\n-00029f50: 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2054 6869 in memory. Thi\n-00029f60: 7320 6d61 790a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 s may. only \n-00029f70: 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 be used after th\n-00029f80: 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f e ...linux... co\n-00029f90: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e mmand (*note lin\n-00029fa0: 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 7320 6265 656e 0a20 ux::) has been. \n-00029fb0: 2020 2020 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 2a6e run. See *n\n-00029fc0: 6f74 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 783a 3a20 ote GNU/Linux:: \n-00029fd0: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f20 6f6e for more info on\n-00029fe0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e booting GNU/Lin\n-00029ff0: 7578 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 ux.. For mor\n-0002a000: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e e information on\n-0002a010: 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2073 6565 2074 6865 initrds see the\n-0002a020: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 GNU/Linux kerne\n-0002a030: 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 l. documenta\n-0002a040: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 7073 tion. (https\n-0002a050: 3a2f 2f64 6f63 732e 6b65 726e 656c 2e6f ://docs.kernel.o\n-0002a060: 7267 2f66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2f72 rg/filesystems/r\n-0002a070: 616d 6673 2d72 6f6f 7466 732d 696e 6974 amfs-rootfs-init\n-0002a080: 7261 6d66 732e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 ramfs.html)... \n-0002a090: 2020 2041 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 A new-style i\n-0002a0a0: 6e69 7472 6420 2866 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 nitrd (for kerne\n-0002a0b0: 6c73 206e 6577 6572 2074 6861 6e20 322e ls newer than 2.\n-0002a0c0: 3629 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6f6e 6) containing on\n-0002a0d0: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 e file. with\n-0002a0e0: 206c 6561 6469 6e67 2070 6174 6820 636f leading path co\n-0002a0f0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2063 616e 2061 6c73 mponents can als\n-0002a100: 6f20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 o be generated a\n-0002a110: 7420 7275 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 t run time.. \n-0002a120: 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e This can be don\n-0002a130: 6520 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2061 e by prefixing a\n-0002a140: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 n argument with \n-0002a150: e280 986e 6577 633a e280 9920 666f 6c6c ...newc:... foll\n-0002a160: 6f77 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 owed by. the\n-0002a170: 2070 6174 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c path of the fil\n-0002a180: 6520 696e 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e69 e in the new ini\n-0002a190: 7472 642c 2061 20e2 8098 3ae2 8099 2c20 trd, a ...:..., \n-0002a1a0: 616e 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 and then the GRU\n-0002a1b0: 420a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7061 7468 B. file path\n-0002a1c0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2064 6174 to the file dat\n-0002a1d0: 6120 746f 2062 6520 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 a to be be inclu\n-0002a1e0: 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 ded... For e\n-0002a1f0: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 xample:. \n-0002a200: 2020 696e 6974 7264 206e 6577 633a 2f65 initrd newc:/e\n-0002a210: 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 673a 2868 tc/ssh/config:(h\n-0002a220: 6430 2c32 292f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f d0,2)/home/user/\n-0002a230: 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 6720 5c0a 2020 .ssh/config \\. \n-0002a240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0002a250: 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 ewc:/etc/ssh/ssh\n-0002a260: 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 793a 2f65 _host_rsa_key:/e\n-0002a270: 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f tc/ssh/ssh_host_\n-0002a280: 7273 615f 6b65 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 rsa_key \\. \n-0002a290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 626f 6f74 /boot\n-0002a2a0: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 205c 0a20 2020 /initrd.gz \\. \n-0002a2b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-0002a2c0: 7763 3a2f 696e 6974 3a2f 686f 6d65 2f75 wc:/init:/home/u\n-0002a2d0: 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 0a0a ser/init.fixed..\n-0002a2e0: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e This comman\n-0002a2f0: 6420 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 d will generate \n-0002a300: 7477 6f20 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 696e two new-style in\n-0002a310: 6974 7264 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6c79 itrds on the fly\n-0002a320: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 . The. firs\n-0002a330: 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2070 t contains the p\n-0002a340: 6174 6820 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f ath .../etc/ssh/\n-0002a350: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 config... with t\n-0002a360: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 he contents of. \n-0002a370: 2020 2020 e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 2f68 ...(hd0,2)/h\n-0002a380: 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 7373 682f 636f ome/user/.ssh/co\n-0002a390: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 nfig... and the \n-0002a3a0: 7061 7468 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 path. .../et\n-0002a3b0: 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 c/ssh/ssh_host_r\n-0002a3c0: 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 sa_key... with t\n-0002a3d0: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 he contents of. \n-0002a3e0: 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f .../etc/ssh/\n-0002a3f0: 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 ssh_host_rsa_key\n-0002a400: e280 9920 6f6e 2074 6865 2052 4f4f 5420 ... on the ROOT \n-0002a410: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2050 6172 656e 7420 device. Parent \n-0002a420: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2070 directory. p\n-0002a430: 6174 6873 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 aths will automa\n-0002a440: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6265 2067 656e 6572 tically be gener\n-0002a450: 6174 6564 2061 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 ated as needed. \n-0002a460: 2054 6869 7320 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 This first. \n-0002a470: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e69 7472 generated initr\n-0002a480: 6420 7769 6c6c 2074 6865 6e20 6861 7665 d will then have\n-0002a490: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 .../boot/initrd\n-0002a4a0: 2e67 7ae2 8099 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 .gz... concatena\n-0002a4b0: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2061 6674 6572 2069 ted. after i\n-0002a4c0: 742e 2020 4e65 7874 2c20 616e 6f74 6865 t. Next, anothe\n-0002a4d0: 7220 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 6172 6368 r new-style arch\n-0002a4e0: 6976 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 ive will be gene\n-0002a4f0: 7261 7465 6420 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 rated with. \n-0002a500: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n-0002a510: e280 982f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e .../home/user/in\n-0002a520: 6974 2e66 6978 6564 e280 9920 696e 2074 it.fixed... in t\n-0002a530: 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 696e 6974 he path .../init\n-0002a540: e280 9920 616e 640a 2020 2020 2061 7070 ... and. app\n-0002a550: 656e 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 2070 7265 ended to the pre\n-0002a560: 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 vious concatenat\n-0002a570: 696f 6e2e 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 ion. Finally, t\n-0002a580: 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 he result will. \n-0002a590: 2020 2020 6265 2073 656e 7420 746f 2074 be sent to t\n-0002a5a0: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7768 656e 2062 he kernel when b\n-0002a5b0: 6f6f 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204b 6565 ooted... Kee\n-0002a5c0: 7020 696e 206d 696e 6420 7468 6174 2070 p in mind that p\n-0002a5d0: 6174 6873 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d65 206c aths that come l\n-0002a5e0: 6174 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7461 6b65 2070 ater will take p\n-0002a5f0: 7265 6365 6465 6e63 652e 2020 536f 0a20 recedence. So. \n-0002a600: 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 in the examp\n-0002a610: 6c65 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 6765 le above, the ge\n-0002a620: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7061 7468 20e2 8098 nerated path ...\n-0002a630: 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 /init... will ov\n-0002a640: 6572 7772 6974 6520 616e 790a 2020 2020 erwrite any. \n-0002a650: 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 .../init... in \n-0002a660: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e .../boot/initrd.\n-0002a670: 677a e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e gz.... This can\n-0002a680: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 be useful when \n-0002a690: 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 changing the. \n-0002a6a0: 2020 6d61 696e 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6973 main initrd is\n-0002a6b0: 2075 6e64 6573 6972 6162 6c65 206f 7220 undesirable or \n-0002a6c0: 6469 6666 6963 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 difficult.....Fi\n-0002a6d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002a6e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 Node: initrd16, \n-0002a6f0: 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2050 Next: linux, P\n-0002a700: 7265 763a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 rev: initrd, Up\n-0002a710: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n-0002a720: 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3320 696e 6974 7264 s..17.2.3 initrd\n-0002a730: 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 16.-------------\n-0002a740: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002a750: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 3620 6669 6c65 205b initrd16 file [\n-0002a760: 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c file ...]. L\n-0002a770: 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 oad, in order, a\n-0002a780: 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 ll initrds for a\n-0002a790: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d Linux kernel im\n-0002a7a0: 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 age to be booted\n-0002a7b0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 . in 16-bit \n-0002a7c0: 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 mode, and set th\n-0002a7d0: 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 e appropriate pa\n-0002a7e0: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 rameters in the \n-0002a7f0: 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2073 6574 7570 Linux. setup\n-0002a800: 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e area in memory.\n-0002a810: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 This may only \n-0002a820: 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 be used after th\n-0002a830: 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a e ...linux16....\n-0002a840: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e command (*n\n-0002a850: 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2068 ote linux16::) h\n-0002a860: 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 as been run. Se\n-0002a870: 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 e also *note GNU\n-0002a880: 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 616e /Linux::. an\n-0002a890: 6420 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 d the ...initrd.\n-0002a8a0: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n-0002a8b0: 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 e initrd::) for \n-0002a8c0: 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e0a more details on.\n-0002a8d0: 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e0a arguments..\n-0002a8e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n-0002a8f0: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c nd is only avail\n-0002a900: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7063 2070 able on the pc p\n-0002a910: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7838 3620 latform for x86 \n-0002a920: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems.....File\n-0002a930: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002a940: 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 de: linux, Next\n-0002a950: 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5072 6576 : linux16, Prev\n-0002a960: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2055 703a : initrd16, Up:\n-0002a970: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Loader commands\n-0002a980: 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e34 206c 696e 7578 0a2d ..17.2.4 linux.-\n-0002a990: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002a9a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 7820 Command: linux \n-0002a9b0: 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f file .... Lo\n-0002a9c0: 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 ad a Linux kerne\n-0002a9d0: 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c l image from FIL\n-0002a9e0: 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 E. The rest of \n-0002a9f0: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 the line is. \n-0002aa00: 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d passed verbatim\n-0002aa10: 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 as the ...kerne\n-0002aa20: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 l command-line..\n-0002aa30: 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 696e 6974 7264 206d .. Any initrd m\n-0002aa40: 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f ust be. relo\n-0002aa50: 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 aded after using\n-0002aa60: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a this command (*\n-0002aa70: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2e0a note initrd::)..\n-0002aa80: 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 . On x86 sys\n-0002aa90: 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c tems, the kernel\n-0002aaa0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 will be booted \n-0002aab0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 3332 2d62 6974 using the 32-bit\n-0002aac0: 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f boot. proto\n-0002aad0: 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 col. Note that \n-0002aae0: 7468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 this means that \n-0002aaf0: 7468 6520 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2062 the ...vga=... b\n-0002ab00: 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c0a oot option will.\n-0002ab10: 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b 2069 not work; i\n-0002ab20: 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 f you want to se\n-0002ab30: 7420 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7669 6465 t a special vide\n-0002ab40: 6f20 6d6f 6465 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c o mode, you will\n-0002ab50: 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 need to. us\n-0002ab60: 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e GRUB commands \n-0002ab70: 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9873 6574 2067 such as ...set g\n-0002ab80: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d 3130 3234 7837 fxpayload=1024x7\n-0002ab90: 3638 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 740a 68... or ...set.\n-0002aba0: 2020 2020 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d gfxpayload=\n-0002abb0: 6b65 6570 e280 9920 2874 6f20 6b65 6570 keep... (to keep\n-0002abc0: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 the same mode a\n-0002abd0: 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2920 s used in GRUB) \n-0002abe0: 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 instead.. GR\n-0002abf0: 5542 2063 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 UB can automatic\n-0002ac00: 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 736f 6d65 ally detect some\n-0002ac10: 2075 7365 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 7667 613d uses of ...vga=\n-0002ac20: e280 9920 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 ... and translat\n-0002ac30: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2061 e. them to a\n-0002ac40: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2073 6574 7469 ppropriate setti\n-0002ac50: 6e67 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 6766 7870 6179 ngs of ...gfxpay\n-0002ac60: 6c6f 6164 e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 e280 load.... The ..\n-0002ac70: 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 .linux16.... \n-0002ac80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n-0002ac90: 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2061 766f 6964 linux16::) avoid\n-0002aca0: 7320 7468 6973 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 s this restricti\n-0002acb0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-0002acc0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n-0002acd0: 696e 7578 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 inux16, Next: x\n-0002ace0: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 en_hypervisor, \n-0002acf0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 Prev: linux, Up\n-0002ad00: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n-0002ad10: 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3520 6c69 6e75 7831 s..17.2.5 linux1\n-0002ad20: 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6.--------------\n-0002ad30: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n-0002ad40: 696e 7578 3136 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a inux16 file ....\n-0002ad50: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 Load a Linu\n-0002ad60: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 x kernel image f\n-0002ad70: 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 rom FILE in 16-b\n-0002ad80: 6974 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 it mode. The re\n-0002ad90: 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c st of. the l\n-0002ada0: 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 ine is passed ve\n-0002adb0: 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 rbatim as the ..\n-0002adc0: 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d .kernel command-\n-0002add0: 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 790a 2020 line.... Any. \n-0002ade0: 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 7374 2062 initrd must b\n-0002adf0: 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 e reloaded after\n-0002ae00: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d using this comm\n-0002ae10: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 and (*note. \n-0002ae20: 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 initrd16::)... \n-0002ae30: 2020 2054 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 The kernel wi\n-0002ae40: 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2075 7369 ll be booted usi\n-0002ae50: 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e ng the tradition\n-0002ae60: 616c 2031 362d 6269 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 al 16-bit boot. \n-0002ae70: 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2041 protocol. A\n-0002ae80: 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6279 7061 7373 s well as bypass\n-0002ae90: 696e 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 ing problems wit\n-0002aea0: 6820 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2064 6573 h ...vga=... des\n-0002aeb0: 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 202a cribed in. *\n-0002aec0: 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2c20 7468 note linux::, th\n-0002aed0: 6973 2070 6572 6d69 7473 2062 6f6f 7469 is permits booti\n-0002aee0: 6e67 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7072 ng some other pr\n-0002aef0: 6f67 7261 6d73 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 ograms that. \n-0002af00: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 204c implement the L\n-0002af10: 696e 7578 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 inux boot protoc\n-0002af20: 6f6c 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 616b 6520 ol for the sake \n-0002af30: 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e 6365 2e0a of convenience..\n-0002af40: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n-0002af50: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c nd is only avail\n-0002af60: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 7374 able on x86 syst\n-0002af70: 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ems.....File: gr\n-0002af80: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002af90: 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 xen_hypervisor, \n-0002afa0: 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c Next: xen_modul\n-0002afb0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 e, Prev: linux1\n-0002afc0: 362c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6, Up: Loader c\n-0002afd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3620 ommands..17.2.6 \n-0002afe0: 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 0a2d xen_hypervisor.-\n-0002aff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002b000: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002b010: 643a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f d: xen_hyperviso\n-0002b020: 7220 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 r file [argument\n-0002b030: 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 s] .... Load\n-0002b040: 2061 2058 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f a Xen hyperviso\n-0002b050: 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2066 726f 6d20 4649 r binary from FI\n-0002b060: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 LE. The rest of\n-0002b070: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 the line is. \n-0002b080: 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 passed verbati\n-0002b090: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e m as the ...kern\n-0002b0a0: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 el command-line.\n-0002b0b0: 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 ... Any other b\n-0002b0c0: 696e 6172 6965 730a 2020 2020 206d 7573 inaries. mus\n-0002b0d0: 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 t be reloaded af\n-0002b0e0: 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 ter using this c\n-0002b0f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f ommand. This co\n-0002b100: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 mmand is only. \n-0002b110: 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 available on \n-0002b120: 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e AArch64 systems.\n-0002b130: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002b140: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f nfo, Node: xen_\n-0002b150: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2078 module, Prev: x\n-0002b160: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 en_hypervisor, \n-0002b170: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n-0002b180: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3720 7865 6e5f nds..17.2.7 xen_\n-0002b190: 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d module.---------\n-0002b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002b1b0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c mmand: xen_modul\n-0002b1c0: 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 e [--nounzip] fi\n-0002b1d0: 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 le [arguments]. \n-0002b1e0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c Load a modul\n-0002b1f0: 6520 666f 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 e for xen hyperv\n-0002b200: 6973 6f72 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 isor at the boot\n-0002b210: 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 7320 6f66 2078 ing process of x\n-0002b220: 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 en.. The res\n-0002b230: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 t of the line is\n-0002b240: 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d passed verbatim\n-0002b250: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 as the module c\n-0002b260: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a20 2020 ommand line.. \n-0002b270: 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 Modules should\n-0002b280: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e20 7468 be loaded in th\n-0002b290: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f72 6465 e following orde\n-0002b2a0: 723a 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 6b65 726e 656c r: - dom0 kernel\n-0002b2b0: 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 2d20 646f . image - do\n-0002b2c0: 6d30 2072 616d 6469 736b 2069 6620 7072 m0 ramdisk if pr\n-0002b2d0: 6573 656e 7420 2d20 5853 4d20 706f 6c69 esent - XSM poli\n-0002b2e0: 6379 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 5468 cy if present Th\n-0002b2f0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 is. command \n-0002b300: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c is only availabl\n-0002b310: 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 2073 7973 e on AArch64 sys\n-0002b320: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tems.....File: g\n-0002b330: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002b340: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n-0002b350: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e s, Next: Comman\n-0002b360: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c d-line commands,\n-0002b370: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 Prev: Loader c\n-0002b380: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ommands, Up: Co\n-0002b390: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2047 656e mmands..17.3 Gen\n-0002b3a0: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d eral commands.==\n-0002b3b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002b3c0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7573 ===..Commands us\n-0002b3d0: 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 696e able anywhere in\n-0002b3e0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 696e the menu and in\n-0002b3f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-0002b400: 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2073 e...* Menu:..* s\n-0002b410: 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 erial:: \n-0002b420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n-0002b430: 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 up a serial dev\n-0002b440: 6963 650a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 ice.* terminal_i\n-0002b450: 6e70 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nput:: \n-0002b460: 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 7574 Manage input\n-0002b470: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 terminals.* ter\n-0002b480: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2020 minal_output:: \n-0002b490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 Manag\n-0002b4a0: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 e output termina\n-0002b4b0: 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 ls.* terminfo:: \n-0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002b4d0: 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e Define termin\n-0002b4e0: 616c 2074 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a al type....File:\n-0002b4f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002b500: 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 e: serial, Next\n-0002b510: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 : terminal_input\n-0002b520: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 , Up: General c\n-0002b530: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3120 ommands..17.3.1 \n-0002b540: 7365 7269 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d serial.---------\n-0002b550: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002b560: 643a 2073 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 6e69 d: serial [--uni\n-0002b570: 743d 756e 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 743d t=unit] [--port=\n-0002b580: 706f 7274 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 3d73 port] [--speed=s\n-0002b590: 7065 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 peed]. \n-0002b5a0: 5b2d 2d77 6f72 643d 776f 7264 5d20 5b2d [--word=word] [-\n-0002b5b0: 2d70 6172 6974 793d 7061 7269 7479 5d20 -parity=parity] \n-0002b5c0: 5b2d 2d73 746f 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a 2020 [--stop=stop]. \n-0002b5d0: 2020 2049 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 6120 Initialize a \n-0002b5e0: 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 serial device. \n-0002b5f0: 554e 4954 2069 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 UNIT is a number\n-0002b600: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d in the range 0-\n-0002b610: 330a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 3. specifyin\n-0002b620: 6720 7768 6963 6820 7365 7269 616c 2070 g which serial p\n-0002b630: 6f72 7420 746f 2075 7365 3b20 6465 6661 ort to use; defa\n-0002b640: 756c 7420 6973 2030 2c20 7768 6963 680a ult is 0, which.\n-0002b650: 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 corresponds\n-0002b660: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 706f 7274 206f 6674 to the port oft\n-0002b670: 656e 2063 616c 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 2e0a en called COM1..\n-0002b680: 0a20 2020 2020 504f 5254 2069 7320 7468 . PORT is th\n-0002b690: 6520 492f 4f20 706f 7274 2077 6865 7265 e I/O port where\n-0002b6a0: 2074 6865 2055 4152 5420 6973 2074 6f20 the UART is to \n-0002b6b0: 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 206f 722c 2069 6620 be found or, if \n-0002b6c0: 7072 6566 6978 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7769 prefixed. wi\n-0002b6d0: 7468 20e2 8098 6d6d 696f 2ce2 8099 2c20 th ...mmio,..., \n-0002b6e0: 7468 6520 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 the MMIO address\n-0002b6f0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 5541 5254 2e20 4966 of the UART. If\n-0002b700: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 7420 7461 specified it ta\n-0002b710: 6b65 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 6365 6465 kes. precede\n-0002b720: 6e63 6520 6f76 6572 2055 4e49 542e 0a0a nce over UNIT...\n-0002b730: 2020 2020 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c Additionall\n-0002b740: 792c 2061 6e20 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 y, an MMIO addre\n-0002b750: 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 7375 6666 6978 ss can be suffix\n-0002b760: 6564 2077 6974 683a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ed with:. \n-0002b770: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e62 e280 9920 666f ... ....b... fo\n-0002b780: 7220 6279 7465 7320 6163 6365 7373 2028 r bytes access (\n-0002b790: 6465 6661 756c 7429 0a20 2020 2020 2020 default). \n-0002b7a0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e77 e280 9920 666f ... ....w... fo\n-0002b7b0: 7220 3136 2d62 6974 2077 6f72 6420 6163 r 16-bit word ac\n-0002b7c0: 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 cess. ...\n-0002b7d0: 20e2 8098 2e6c e280 9920 666f 7220 3332 ....l... for 32\n-0002b7e0: 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 2061 -bit long word a\n-0002b7f0: 6363 6573 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ccess or. \n-0002b800: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e71 e280 9920 666f ... ....q... fo\n-0002b810: 7220 3634 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 6c6f r 64-bit long lo\n-0002b820: 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a0a ng word access..\n-0002b830: 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2050 4f52 5420 Also, PORT \n-0002b840: 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f can be of the fo\n-0002b850: 726d 20e2 8098 7063 692c 5858 3a58 582e rm ...pci,XX:XX.\n-0002b860: 58e2 8099 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 X... to indicate\n-0002b870: 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 a serial. d\n-0002b880: 6576 6963 6520 6578 706f 7365 6420 6f6e evice exposed on\n-0002b890: 2074 6865 2050 4349 2062 7573 2e0a 0a20 the PCI bus... \n-0002b8a0: 2020 2020 5350 4545 4420 6973 2074 6865 SPEED is the\n-0002b8b0: 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 7370 transmission sp\n-0002b8c0: 6565 643b 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 eed; default is \n-0002b8d0: 3936 3030 2e20 2057 4f52 4420 616e 6420 9600. WORD and \n-0002b8e0: 5354 4f50 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 7468 STOP. are th\n-0002b8f0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6461 7461 e number of data\n-0002b900: 2062 6974 7320 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 bits and stop b\n-0002b910: 6974 732e 2020 4461 7461 2062 6974 7320 its. Data bits \n-0002b920: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 must be in. \n-0002b930: 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 352d 3820 616e the range 5-8 an\n-0002b940: 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 d stop bits must\n-0002b950: 2062 6520 3120 6f72 2032 2e20 2044 6566 be 1 or 2. Def\n-0002b960: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3820 6461 7461 2062 ault is 8 data b\n-0002b970: 6974 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 its. and one\n-0002b980: 2073 746f 7020 6269 742e 2020 5041 5249 stop bit. PARI\n-0002b990: 5459 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 TY is one of ...\n-0002b9a0: 6e6f e280 992c 20e2 8098 6f64 64e2 8099 no..., ...odd...\n-0002b9b0: 2c20 e280 9865 7665 6ee2 8099 2061 6e64 , ...even... and\n-0002b9c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 . defaults t\n-0002b9d0: 6f20 e280 986e 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 o ...no...... \n-0002b9e0: 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 The serial por\n-0002b9f0: 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 6173 t is not used as\n-0002ba00: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e a communication\n-0002ba10: 2063 6861 6e6e 656c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 channel unless \n-0002ba20: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7465 726d the. ...term\n-0002ba30: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 6f72 inal_input... or\n-0002ba40: 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 ...terminal_out\n-0002ba50: 7075 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 put... command i\n-0002ba60: 7320 7573 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 s used (*note. \n-0002ba70: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 terminal_inpu\n-0002ba80: 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 t::, *note termi\n-0002ba90: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a nal_output::)...\n-0002baa0: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 652c 2076 616c 6964 Note, valid\n-0002bab0: 2050 4f52 5420 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 6578 PORT values, ex\n-0002bac0: 636c 7564 696e 6720 494f 2070 6f72 7420 cluding IO port \n-0002bad0: 6164 6472 6573 7365 732c 2063 616e 2062 addresses, can b\n-0002bae0: 6520 666f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 e found. by \n-0002baf0: 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7465 726d 696e 616c listing terminal\n-0002bb00: 7320 7769 7468 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e s with ...termin\n-0002bb10: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2c20 7365 al_output..., se\n-0002bb20: 6c65 6374 696e 6720 616c 6c20 6e61 6d65 lecting all name\n-0002bb30: 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 s. prefixed \n-0002bb40: 6279 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5fe2 8099 by ...serial_...\n-0002bb50: 2061 6e64 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 7468 and removing th\n-0002bb60: 6174 2070 7265 6669 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 at prefix... \n-0002bb70: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 733a 0a20 2020 2020 Examples:. \n-0002bb80: 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f serial --po\n-0002bb90: 7274 3d30 7833 6638 202d 2d73 7065 6564 rt=0x3f8 --speed\n-0002bba0: 3d39 3630 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 =9600. \n-0002bbb0: 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 6d6d serial --port=mm\n-0002bbc0: 696f 2c66 6566 6230 3030 302e 6c20 2d2d io,fefb0000.l --\n-0002bbd0: 7370 6565 643d 3131 3532 3030 0a20 2020 speed=115200. \n-0002bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d serial --\n-0002bbf0: 706f 7274 3d70 6369 2c30 303a 3136 2e33 port=pci,00:16.3\n-0002bc00: 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 300a --speed=115200.\n-0002bc10: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a . See also *\n-0002bc20: 6e6f 7465 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d note Serial term\n-0002bc30: 696e 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a inal::.....File:\n-0002bc40: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002bc50: 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 e: terminal_inpu\n-0002bc60: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e t, Next: termin\n-0002bc70: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 5072 6576 al_output, Prev\n-0002bc80: 3a20 7365 7269 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2047 : serial, Up: G\n-0002bc90: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a eneral commands.\n-0002bca0: 0a31 372e 332e 3220 7465 726d 696e 616c .17.3.2 terminal\n-0002bcb0: 5f69 6e70 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _input.---------\n-0002bcc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002bcd0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 - Command: termi\n-0002bce0: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 nal_input [--app\n-0002bcf0: 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 end|--remove] [t\n-0002bd00: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 erminal1] [termi\n-0002bd10: 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nal2]. \n-0002bd20: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f72 .... List or\n-0002bd30: 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 2069 6e70 7574 select an input\n-0002bd40: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 terminal... \n-0002bd50: 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e With no argumen\n-0002bd60: 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 ts, list the act\n-0002bd70: 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c ive and availabl\n-0002bd80: 6520 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c e input terminal\n-0002bd90: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 s... With ..\n-0002bda0: 982d 2d61 7070 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 .--append..., ad\n-0002bdb0: 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d d the named term\n-0002bdc0: 696e 616c 7320 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 inals to the lis\n-0002bdd0: 7420 6f66 2061 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 t of active. \n-0002bde0: 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 input terminals\n-0002bdf0: 3b20 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206d ; any of these m\n-0002be00: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7072 ay be used to pr\n-0002be10: 6f76 6964 6520 696e 7075 7420 746f 2047 ovide input to G\n-0002be20: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 RUB... With \n-0002be30: e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 ...--remove..., \n-0002be40: 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 remove the named\n-0002be50: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 terminals from \n-0002be60: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e the active list.\n-0002be70: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f .. With no o\n-0002be80: 7074 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 ptions but a lis\n-0002be90: 7420 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 t of terminal na\n-0002bea0: 6d65 732c 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 mes, make only t\n-0002beb0: 6865 206c 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 he listed. t\n-0002bec0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 erminal names ac\n-0002bed0: 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tive.....File: g\n-0002bee0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002bef0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n-0002bf00: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 , Next: terminf\n-0002bf10: 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e o, Prev: termin\n-0002bf20: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 al_input, Up: G\n-0002bf30: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a eneral commands.\n-0002bf40: 0a31 372e 332e 3320 7465 726d 696e 616c .17.3.3 terminal\n-0002bf50: 5f6f 7574 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _output.--------\n-0002bf60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002bf70: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 -- Command: ter\n-0002bf80: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 205b 2d2d minal_output [--\n-0002bf90: 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d append|--remove]\n-0002bfa0: 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 [terminal1] [te\n-0002bfb0: 726d 696e 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rminal2]. \n-0002bfc0: 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 .... List\n-0002bfd0: 206f 7220 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 6f75 or select an ou\n-0002bfe0: 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a tput terminal...\n-0002bff0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 With no arg\n-0002c000: 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 uments, list the\n-0002c010: 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 active and avai\n-0002c020: 6c61 626c 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 lable output ter\n-0002c030: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 minals... Wi\n-0002c040: 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 th ...--append..\n-0002c050: 992c 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 ., add the named\n-0002c060: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 terminals to th\n-0002c070: 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 e list of active\n-0002c080: 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 . output ter\n-0002c090: 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 minals; all of t\n-0002c0a0: 6865 7365 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6365 6976 hese will receiv\n-0002c0b0: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2066 726f 6d20 4752 e output from GR\n-0002c0c0: 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 UB... With .\n-0002c0d0: 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 992c 2072 ..--remove..., r\n-0002c0e0: 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 emove the named \n-0002c0f0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 terminals from t\n-0002c100: 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a he active list..\n-0002c110: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 . With no op\n-0002c120: 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6120 6c69 7374 tions but a list\n-0002c130: 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d of terminal nam\n-0002c140: 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 es, make only th\n-0002c150: 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7465 e listed. te\n-0002c160: 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2061 6374 rminal names act\n-0002c170: 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ive.....File: gr\n-0002c180: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002c190: 7465 726d 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a terminfo, Prev:\n-0002c1a0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n-0002c1b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 , Up: General c\n-0002c1c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3420 ommands..17.3.4 \n-0002c1d0: 7465 726d 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d terminfo.-------\n-0002c1e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002c1f0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 mmand: terminfo \n-0002c200: 5b2d 617c 2d75 7c2d 765d 205b 2d67 2057 [-a|-u|-v] [-g W\n-0002c210: 7848 5d20 5b74 6572 6d5d 205b 7479 7065 xH] [term] [type\n-0002c220: 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7468 ]. Define th\n-0002c230: 6520 6361 7061 6269 6c69 7469 6573 206f e capabilities o\n-0002c240: 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 f your terminal \n-0002c250: 6279 2067 6976 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e61 by giving the na\n-0002c260: 6d65 206f 6620 616e 0a20 2020 2020 656e me of an. en\n-0002c270: 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 try in the termi\n-0002c280: 6e66 6f20 6461 7461 6261 7365 2c20 7768 nfo database, wh\n-0002c290: 6963 6820 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f72 7265 ich should corre\n-0002c2a0: 7370 6f6e 6420 726f 7567 686c 7920 746f spond roughly to\n-0002c2b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6120 e280 9854 4552 4de2 . a ...TERM.\n-0002c2c0: 8099 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 .. environment v\n-0002c2d0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 696e 2055 6e69 782e ariable in Unix.\n-0002c2e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 .. The curre\n-0002c2f0: 6e74 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 ntly available t\n-0002c300: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 7320 6172 erminal types ar\n-0002c310: 6520 e280 9876 7431 3030 e280 992c 20e2 e ...vt100..., .\n-0002c320: 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 ..vt100-color...\n-0002c330: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 ,. ...ieee12\n-0002c340: 3735 e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6475 75..., and ...du\n-0002c350: 6d62 e280 992e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206e mb.... If you n\n-0002c360: 6565 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7465 726d 696e eed other termin\n-0002c370: 616c 2074 7970 6573 2c20 706c 6561 7365 al types, please\n-0002c380: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6163 7420 7573 . contact us\n-0002c390: 2074 6f20 6469 7363 7573 7320 7468 6520 to discuss the \n-0002c3a0: 6265 7374 2077 6179 2074 6f20 696e 636c best way to incl\n-0002c3b0: 7564 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 ude support for \n-0002c3c0: 7468 6573 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 these in. GR\n-0002c3d0: 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 UB... The ..\n-0002c3e0: 982d 61e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d61 7363 .-a... (...--asc\n-0002c3f0: 6969 e280 9929 2c20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 ii...), ...-u...\n-0002c400: 2028 e280 982d 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 292c (...--utf8...),\n-0002c410: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 28e2 and ...-v... (.\n-0002c420: 8098 2d2d 7669 7375 616c 2d75 7466 38e2 ..--visual-utf8.\n-0002c430: 8099 290a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ..). options\n-0002c440: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2068 6f77 206e 6f6e control how non\n-0002c450: 2d41 5343 4949 2074 6578 7420 6973 2064 -ASCII text is d\n-0002c460: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e20 20e2 8098 2d61 isplayed. ...-a\n-0002c470: e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 616e ... specifies an\n-0002c480: 0a20 2020 2020 4153 4349 492d 6f6e 6c79 . ASCII-only\n-0002c490: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b 20e2 8098 2d75 terminal; ...-u\n-0002c4a0: e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 6c6f ... specifies lo\n-0002c4b0: 6769 6361 6c6c 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 gically-ordered \n-0002c4c0: 5554 462d 383b 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 UTF-8; and. \n-0002c4d0: e280 982d 76e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 ...-v... specifi\n-0002c4e0: 6573 2022 7669 7375 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 es \"visually-ord\n-0002c4f0: 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 2220 2869 6e20 ered UTF-8\" (in \n-0002c500: 6f74 6865 7220 776f 7264 732c 2061 7272 other words, arr\n-0002c510: 616e 6765 640a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 anged. such \n-0002c520: 7468 6174 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 that a terminal \n-0002c530: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2077 6974 686f 7574 emulator without\n-0002c540: 2062 6964 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 bidirectional t\n-0002c550: 6578 7420 7375 7070 6f72 740a 2020 2020 ext support. \n-0002c560: 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7269 will display ri\n-0002c570: 6768 742d 746f 2d6c 6566 7420 7465 7874 ght-to-left text\n-0002c580: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 206f in the proper o\n-0002c590: 7264 6572 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f rder; this is no\n-0002c5a0: 740a 2020 2020 2072 6561 6c6c 7920 7072 t. really pr\n-0002c5b0: 6f70 6572 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6275 7420 oper UTF-8, but \n-0002c5c0: 6120 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 292e 0a0a a workaround)...\n-0002c5d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d67 e280 The ...-g..\n-0002c5e0: 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 . (...--geometry\n-0002c5f0: e280 9929 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 ...) can be used\n-0002c600: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7465 726d to specify term\n-0002c610: 696e 616c 2067 656f 6d65 7472 792e 0a0a inal geometry...\n-0002c620: 2020 2020 2049 6620 6e6f 206f 7074 696f If no optio\n-0002c630: 6e20 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 n or terminal ty\n-0002c640: 7065 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c pe is specified,\n-0002c650: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2074 6572 the current ter\n-0002c660: 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 7970 6520 minal. type \n-0002c670: 6973 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 is printed.....F\n-0002c680: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002c690: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c Node: Command-l\n-0002c6a0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e ine commands, N\n-0002c6b0: 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 ext: Networking \n-0002c6c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a commands, Prev:\n-0002c6d0: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n-0002c6e0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 s, Up: Commands\n-0002c6f0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c ..17.4 Command-l\n-0002c700: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d ine commands.===\n-0002c710: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002c720: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 2063 =======..These c\n-0002c730: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7573 6162 ommands are usab\n-0002c740: 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e le in the comman\n-0002c750: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 6d65 d-line and in me\n-0002c760: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2049 660a nu entries. If.\n-0002c770: 796f 7520 666f 7267 6574 2061 2063 6f6d you forget a com\n-0002c780: 6d61 6e64 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7275 mand, you can ru\n-0002c790: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 n the command ..\n-0002c7a0: 9868 656c 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .help... (*note \n-0002c7b0: 6865 6c70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 help::)...* Menu\n-0002c7c0: 3a0a 0a2a 205b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 :..* [:: \n+00028740: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7365 6d61 ======..The sema\n+00028750: 6e74 6963 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7061 ntics used in pa\n+00028760: 7273 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 rsing the config\n+00028770: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2061 7265 uration file are\n+00028780: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a the following:.\n+00028790: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 6669 6c65 . ... The file\n+000287a0: 7320 5f6d 7573 745f 2062 6520 696e 2070 s _must_ be in p\n+000287b0: 6c61 696e 2d74 6578 7420 666f 726d 6174 lain-text format\n+000287c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9823 e280 ... ... ...#..\n+000287d0: 9920 6174 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e 6e69 . at the beginni\n+000287e0: 6e67 206f 6620 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 ng of a line in \n+000287f0: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n+00028800: 6669 6c65 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 file means it is\n+00028810: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 2061 2063 6f6d . only a com\n+00028820: 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4f70 ment... ... Op\n+00028830: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7365 7061 7261 tions are separa\n+00028840: 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a ted by spaces...\n+00028850: 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 6c6c 206e 756d 6265 ... 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T\n+000288e0: 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6361 hese commands ca\n+000288f0: 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 n only be used i\n+00028900: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d n the menu:..* M\n+00028910: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 enu:..* menuentr\n+00028920: 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y:: \n+00028930: 2020 2020 2020 5374 6172 7420 6120 6d65 Start a me\n+00028940: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 2073 7562 6d65 nu entry.* subme\n+00028950: 6e75 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nu:: \n+00028960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 726f 7570 206d Group m\n+00028970: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 0a1f 0a46 enu entries....F\n+00028980: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00028990: 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 Node: menuentry\n+000289a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 , Next: submenu\n+000289b0: 2c20 2055 703a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 , Up: Menu-spec\n+000289c0: 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ific commands..1\n+000289d0: 372e 312e 3120 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 790a 7.1.1 menuentry.\n+000289e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000289f0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d .. -- Command: m\n+00028a00: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b enuentry TITLE [\n+00028a10: 2d2d 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 7320 2e2e --class=class ..\n+00028a20: 2e5d 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d 7573 6572 .] [--users=user\n+00028a30: 735d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d s]. [--\n+00028a40: 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 5d20 5b2d unrestricted] [-\n+00028a50: 2d68 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d 205b 2d2d -hotkey=key] [--\n+00028a60: 6964 3d69 645d 205b 4152 4720 2e2e 2e5d id=id] [ARG ...]\n+00028a70: 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b0a 2020 2020 { COMMAND;. \n+00028a80: 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 ... }. \n+00028a90: 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 This defines a \n+00028aa0: 4752 5542 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 GRUB menu entry \n+00028ab0: 6e61 6d65 6420 5449 544c 452e 2020 5768 named TITLE. Wh\n+00028ac0: 656e 2074 6869 7320 656e 7472 7920 6973 en this entry is\n+00028ad0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2066 . selected f\n+00028ae0: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 4752 rom the menu, GR\n+00028af0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 UB will set the \n+00028b00: 4348 4f53 454e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 CHOSEN environme\n+00028b10: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 nt. variable\n+00028b20: 2074 6f20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 to value of ...\n+00028b30: 2d2d 6964 e280 9920 6966 20e2 8098 2d2d --id... if ...--\n+00028b40: 6964 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 id... is given, \n+00028b50: 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 6520 6c69 7374 execute the list\n+00028b60: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 of. command\n+00028b70: 7320 6769 7665 6e20 7769 7468 696e 2062 s given within b\n+00028b80: 7261 6365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 races, and if th\n+00028b90: 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 e last command i\n+00028ba0: 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 n the list. \n+00028bb0: 7265 7475 726e 6564 2073 7563 6365 7373 returned success\n+00028bc0: 6675 6c6c 7920 616e 6420 6120 6b65 726e fully and a kern\n+00028bd0: 656c 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6974 el was loaded it\n+00028be0: 2077 696c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 will execute th\n+00028bf0: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 e. ...boot..\n+00028c00: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 . command... \n+00028c10: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 636c 6173 73e2 The ...--class.\n+00028c20: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 .. option may be\n+00028c30: 2075 7365 6420 616e 7920 6e75 6d62 6572 used any number\n+00028c40: 206f 6620 7469 6d65 7320 746f 2067 726f of times to gro\n+00028c50: 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 up menu. ent\n+00028c60: 7269 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 636c 6173 7365 ries into classe\n+00028c70: 732e 2020 4d65 6e75 2074 6865 6d65 7320 s. Menu themes \n+00028c80: 6d61 7920 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6469 6666 may display diff\n+00028c90: 6572 656e 7420 636c 6173 7365 730a 2020 erent classes. \n+00028ca0: 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2064 6966 6665 7265 using differe\n+00028cb0: 6e74 2073 7479 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 nt styles... \n+00028cc0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 The ...--users.\n+00028cd0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6772 616e 7473 .. option grants\n+00028ce0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7573 6572 7320 specific users \n+00028cf0: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 access to specif\n+00028d00: 6963 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 ic menu. ent\n+00028d10: 7269 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 ries. *Note Sec\n+00028d20: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 urity::... T\n+00028d30: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 he ...--unrestri\n+00028d40: 6374 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2067 cted... option g\n+00028d50: 7261 6e74 7320 616c 6c20 7573 6572 7320 rants all users \n+00028d60: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 access to specif\n+00028d70: 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ic. menu ent\n+00028d80: 7269 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 ries. *Note Sec\n+00028d90: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 urity::... T\n+00028da0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 e280 he ...--hotkey..\n+00028db0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 . option associa\n+00028dc0: 7465 7320 6120 686f 746b 6579 2077 6974 tes a hotkey wit\n+00028dd0: 6820 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 h a menu entry. \n+00028de0: 204b 4559 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 KEY. may be\n+00028df0: 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 6c65 7474 6572 a single letter\n+00028e00: 2c20 6f72 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 , or one of the \n+00028e10: 616c 6961 7365 7320 e280 9862 6163 6b73 aliases ...backs\n+00028e20: 7061 6365 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7461 62e2 pace..., ...tab.\n+00028e30: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 e280 9864 ..,. or ...d\n+00028e40: 656c 6574 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 elete...... \n+00028e50: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d69 64e2 8099 206d The ...--id... m\n+00028e60: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6173 ay be used to as\n+00028e70: 736f 6369 6174 6520 756e 6971 7565 2069 sociate unique i\n+00028e80: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 7769 7468 2061 dentifier with a\n+00028e90: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 menu. entry\n+00028ea0: 2e20 2049 4420 6973 2073 7472 696e 6720 . ID is string \n+00028eb0: 6f66 2041 5343 4949 2061 7068 616e 756d of ASCII aphanum\n+00028ec0: 6572 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 732c eric characters,\n+00028ed0: 2075 6e64 6572 7363 6f72 650a 2020 2020 underscore. \n+00028ee0: 2061 6e64 2068 7970 6865 6e20 616e 6420 and hyphen and \n+00028ef0: 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2073 7461 7274 should not start\n+00028f00: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 6769 742e 0a0a with a digit...\n+00028f10: 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2061 All other a\n+00028f20: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 rguments includi\n+00028f30: 6e67 2054 4954 4c45 2061 7265 2070 6173 ng TITLE are pas\n+00028f40: 7365 6420 6173 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 sed as positiona\n+00028f50: 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 l. parameter\n+00028f60: 7320 7768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 s when list of c\n+00028f70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2065 7865 6375 ommands is execu\n+00028f80: 7465 6420 7769 7468 2054 4954 4c45 2061 ted with TITLE a\n+00028f90: 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2061 7373 6967 lways. assig\n+00028fa0: 6e65 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2431 e280 992e ned to ...$1....\n+00028fb0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00028fc0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 626d nfo, Node: subm\n+00028fd0: 656e 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 enu, Prev: menu\n+00028fe0: 656e 7472 792c 2020 5570 3a20 4d65 6e75 entry, Up: Menu\n+00028ff0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e -specific comman\n+00029000: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e31 2e32 2073 7562 6d65 ds..17.1.2 subme\n+00029010: 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nu.-------------\n+00029020: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00029030: 7375 626d 656e 7520 5449 544c 4520 5b2d submenu TITLE [-\n+00029040: 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 202e 2e2e -class=class ...\n+00029050: 5d20 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 ] [--users=users\n+00029060: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d75 ]. [--u\n+00029070: 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d 205b 2d2d nrestricted] [--\n+00029080: 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 5b2d 2d69 hotkey=key] [--i\n+00029090: 643d 6964 5d20 7b20 4d45 4e55 2045 4e54 d=id] { MENU ENT\n+000290a0: 5249 4553 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 2020 2020 RIES ... }. \n+000290b0: 5468 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 2073 This defines a s\n+000290c0: 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2041 6e20 656e 7472 ubmenu. An entr\n+000290d0: 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 2054 4954 4c45 2077 y called TITLE w\n+000290e0: 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 ill be added to \n+000290f0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e 753b 2077 the. menu; w\n+00029100: 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 hen that entry i\n+00029110: 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6120 6e65 s selected, a ne\n+00029120: 7720 6d65 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 w menu will be d\n+00029130: 6973 706c 6179 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7368 isplayed. sh\n+00029140: 6f77 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 656e owing all the en\n+00029150: 7472 6965 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 6869 tries within thi\n+00029160: 7320 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 s submenu... \n+00029170: 2041 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 All options are\n+00029180: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2069 6e20 the same as in \n+00029190: 7468 6520 e280 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 the ...menuentry\n+000291a0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n+000291b0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 te. menuentr\n+000291c0: 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 y::).....File: g\n+000291d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000291e0: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Loader commands\n+000291f0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2047 656e 6572 616c , Next: General\n+00029200: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 commands, Prev\n+00029210: 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 : Menu-specific \n+00029220: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 commands, Up: C\n+00029230: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3220 5661 ommands..17.2 Va\n+00029240: 7269 6f75 7320 6c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d rious loader com\n+00029250: 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mands.==========\n+00029260: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00029270: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ==..These comman\n+00029280: 6473 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c ds are used to l\n+00029290: 6f61 6420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 636f oad necessary co\n+000292a0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 mponents to boot\n+000292b0: 2064 6573 6972 6564 204f 532e 0a4d 616e desired OS..Man\n+000292c0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 7220 y of the loader \n+000292d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 206e 6f74 commands are not\n+000292e0: 2073 7566 6669 6369 656e 746c 7920 646f sufficiently do\n+000292f0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a66 cumented. The.f\n+00029300: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 6c69 ollowing is a li\n+00029310: 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 st of commands t\n+00029320: 6861 7420 636f 756c 6420 7573 6520 6d6f hat could use mo\n+00029330: 7265 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e re documentation\n+00029340: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 7070 :.. ... ...app\n+00029350: 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 426f leloader... - Bo\n+00029360: 6f74 2042 494f 532d 6261 7365 6420 7379 ot BIOS-based sy\n+00029370: 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 stem.. ... ...\n+00029380: 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 freedos... - Loa\n+00029390: 6420 4672 6565 444f 5320 6b65 726e 656c d FreeDOS kernel\n+000293a0: 2e73 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 .sys.. ... ...\n+000293b0: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6c 6f61 6465 6e76 kfreebsd_loadenv\n+000293c0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 ... - Load FreeB\n+000293d0: 5344 2065 6e76 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 SD env.. ... .\n+000293e0: 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ..kfreebsd_modul\n+000293f0: 655f 656c 66e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 e_elf... - Load \n+00029400: 4672 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d FreeBSD kernel m\n+00029410: 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 odule (ELF).. \n+00029420: e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 645f ... ...kfreebsd_\n+00029430: 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 module... - Load\n+00029440: 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 FreeBSD kernel \n+00029450: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 module.. ... .\n+00029460: 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 e280 9920 2d20 ..kfreebsd... - \n+00029470: 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 Load kernel of F\n+00029480: 7265 6542 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 reeBSD.. ... .\n+00029490: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 ..knetbsd_module\n+000294a0: 5f65 6c66 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e _elf... - Load N\n+000294b0: 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 etBSD kernel mod\n+000294c0: 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 ule (ELF).. ..\n+000294d0: a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 . ...knetbsd_mod\n+000294e0: 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 ule... - Load Ne\n+000294f0: 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 tBSD kernel modu\n+00029500: 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e le.. ... ...kn\n+00029510: 6574 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 etbsd... - Load \n+00029520: 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4e65 7442 5344 kernel of NetBSD\n+00029530: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 .. ... ...kope\n+00029540: 6e62 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b nbsd... - Load k\n+00029550: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 204f 7065 6e42 5344 ernel of OpenBSD\n+00029560: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 .. ... ...kope\n+00029570: 6e62 7364 5f72 616d 6469 736b e280 9920 nbsd_ramdisk... \n+00029580: 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 - Load kOpenBSD \n+00029590: 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ramdisk.. ... \n+000295a0: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 696e 6974 7264 ...legacy_initrd\n+000295b0: 5f6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 e280 9920 2d20 5369 _nounzip... - Si\n+000295c0: 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 mulate grub-lega\n+000295d0: 6379 2027 6d6f 6475 6c65 6e6f 756e 7a69 cy 'modulenounzi\n+000295e0: 7027 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 640a p'. command.\n+000295f0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 ... ...legacy\n+00029600: 5f69 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d _initrd... - Sim\n+00029610: 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 ulate grub-legac\n+00029620: 7920 2769 6e69 7472 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 y 'initrd' comma\n+00029630: 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 nd. ... ...leg\n+00029640: 6163 795f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 acy_kernel... - \n+00029650: 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 Simulate grub-le\n+00029660: 6761 6379 2027 6b65 726e 656c 2720 636f gacy 'kernel' co\n+00029670: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 mmand. ... ...\n+00029680: 6d6f 6475 6c65 32e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 module2... - Loa\n+00029690: 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 d a multiboot 2 \n+000296a0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 module.. ... .\n+000296b0: 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f ..module... - Lo\n+000296c0: 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206d ad a multiboot m\n+000296d0: 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 odule.. ... ..\n+000296e0: 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 32e2 8099 202d .multiboot2... -\n+000296f0: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Load a multiboo\n+00029700: 7420 3220 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 t 2 kernel.. .\n+00029710: 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 74e2 .. ...multiboot.\n+00029720: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 .. - Load a mult\n+00029730: 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 iboot kernel.. \n+00029740: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e74 6c64 72e2 8099 ... ...ntldr...\n+00029750: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e54 4c44 5220 6f72 - Load NTLDR or\n+00029760: 2042 6f6f 744d 4752 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 BootMGR.. ...\n+00029770: 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 202d 204c ...plan9... - L\n+00029780: 6f61 6420 506c 616e 3920 6b65 726e 656c oad Plan9 kernel\n+00029790: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7078 6563 .. ... ...pxec\n+000297a0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 hainloader... - \n+000297b0: 4c6f 6164 2061 2050 5845 2069 6d61 6765 Load a PXE image\n+000297c0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 7565 .. ... ...true\n+000297d0: 6372 7970 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 crypt... - Load \n+000297e0: 5472 7565 6372 7970 7420 4953 4f2e 0a20 Truecrypt ISO.. \n+000297f0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 ... ...xnu_ker\n+00029800: 6e65 6c36 34e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 nel64... - Load \n+00029810: 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 64-bit XNU image\n+00029820: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n+00029830: 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 kernel... - Load\n+00029840: 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 XNU image.. .\n+00029850: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 7874 6469 .. ...xnu_kextdi\n+00029860: 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 r... - Load XNU \n+00029870: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 extension direct\n+00029880: 6f72 792e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 ory.. ... ...x\n+00029890: 6e75 5f6b 6578 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 nu_kext... - Loa\n+000298a0: 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e2e d XNU extension.\n+000298b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6d . ... ...xnu_m\n+000298c0: 6b65 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 kext... - Load X\n+000298d0: 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2070 6163 NU extension pac\n+000298e0: 6b61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 kage.. ... ...\n+000298f0: 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 202d xnu_ramdisk... -\n+00029900: 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 7261 6d64 6973 Load XNU ramdis\n+00029910: 6b2e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 k. It will be a\n+00029920: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 4f53 2061 vailable in OS a\n+00029930: 730a 2020 2020 206d 6430 2e0a 2020 20e2 s. md0.. .\n+00029940: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7265 7375 6d65 .. ...xnu_resume\n+00029950: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e20 696d ... - Load an im\n+00029960: 6167 6520 6f66 2068 6962 6572 6e61 7465 age of hibernate\n+00029970: 6420 584e 552e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 d XNU.. ... ..\n+00029980: 9878 6e75 5f73 706c 6173 68e2 8099 202d .xnu_splash... -\n+00029990: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 7370 6c61 7368 2069 Load a splash i\n+000299a0: 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e0a 0a2a mage for XNU...*\n+000299b0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6368 6169 6e6c Menu:..* chainl\n+000299c0: 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader:: \n+000299d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f Chain-lo\n+000299e0: 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 ad another boot \n+000299f0: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 643a loader.* initrd:\n+00029a00: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00029a10: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 Load a Li\n+00029a20: 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 0a2a 2069 6e69 nux initrd.* ini\n+00029a30: 7472 6431 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 trd16:: \n+00029a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n+00029a50: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 2028 a Linux initrd (\n+00029a60: 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 206c 16-bit mode).* l\n+00029a70: 696e 7578 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 inux:: \n+00029a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n+00029a90: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c d a Linux kernel\n+00029aa0: 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 .* linux16:: \n+00029ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00029ac0: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 Load a Linux ke\n+00029ad0: 726e 656c 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 rnel (16-bit mod\n+00029ae0: 6529 0a2a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 e).* xen_hypervi\n+00029af0: 736f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sor:: \n+00029b00: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 6879 7065 Load xen hype\n+00029b10: 7276 6973 6f72 2062 696e 6172 7920 286f rvisor binary (o\n+00029b20: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a nly on AArch64).\n+00029b30: 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 2020 * xen_module:: \n+00029b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00029b50: 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 206d 6f64 756c 6573 Load xen modules\n+00029b60: 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 for xen hypervi\n+00029b70: 736f 7220 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 sor (only on AAr\n+00029b80: 6368 3634 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ch64)....File: g\n+00029b90: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00029ba0: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 204e chainloader, N\n+00029bb0: 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 ext: initrd, Up\n+00029bc0: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n+00029bd0: 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3120 6368 6169 6e6c s..17.2.1 chainl\n+00029be0: 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oader.----------\n+00029bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00029c00: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 mmand: chainload\n+00029c10: 6572 205b 2d2d 666f 7263 655d 2066 696c er [--force] fil\n+00029c20: 6520 5b61 7267 732e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 e [args...]. \n+00029c30: 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 Load FILE as a \n+00029c40: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204c chain-loader. L\n+00029c50: 696b 6520 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6669 ike any other fi\n+00029c60: 6c65 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 le loaded by the\n+00029c70: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d . filesystem\n+00029c80: 2063 6f64 652c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7573 code, it can us\n+00029c90: 6520 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 e the blocklist \n+00029ca0: 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 notation (*note \n+00029cb0: 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 Block. list \n+00029cc0: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 7261 syntax::) to gra\n+00029cd0: 6220 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 b the first sect\n+00029ce0: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e or of the curren\n+00029cf0: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 t partition. \n+00029d00: 2077 6974 6820 e280 982b 31e2 8099 2e20 with ...+1.... \n+00029d10: 204f 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d On EFI platform\n+00029d20: 732c 2061 6e79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 s, any arguments\n+00029d30: 2061 6674 6572 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c after FILE will\n+00029d40: 2062 6520 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 746f be sent. to\n+00029d50: 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696d 6167 the loaded imag\n+00029d60: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 e... If you \n+00029d70: 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 6f70 7469 specify the opti\n+00029d80: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 666f 7263 65e2 8099 on ...--force...\n+00029d90: 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 , then load FILE\n+00029da0: 2066 6f72 6369 626c 792c 0a20 2020 2020 forcibly,. \n+00029db0: 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2068 6173 2061 whether it has a\n+00029dc0: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2073 6967 6e61 7475 correct signatu\n+00029dd0: 7265 206f 7220 6e6f 742e 2020 5468 6973 re or not. This\n+00029de0: 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2077 6865 is required whe\n+00029df0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 n. you want \n+00029e00: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 6665 6374 to load a defect\n+00029e10: 6976 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c ive boot loader,\n+00029e20: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2053 434f 2055 6e69 such as SCO Uni\n+00029e30: 7857 6172 6520 372e 312e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 xWare 7.1.....Fi\n+00029e40: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00029e50: 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 204e Node: initrd, N\n+00029e60: 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 ext: initrd16, \n+00029e70: 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 Prev: chainloade\n+00029e80: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 r, Up: Loader c\n+00029e90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3220 ommands..17.2.2 \n+00029ea0: 696e 6974 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d initrd.---------\n+00029eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00029ec0: 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6669 6c65 205b d: initrd file [\n+00029ed0: 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c file ...]. L\n+00029ee0: 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 oad, in order, a\n+00029ef0: 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 ll initrds for a\n+00029f00: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d Linux kernel im\n+00029f10: 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 age, and set the\n+00029f20: 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 . appropriat\n+00029f30: 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 e parameters in \n+00029f40: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 7365 7475 7020 the Linux setup \n+00029f50: 6172 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 area in memory. \n+00029f60: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 790a 2020 2020 206f This may. o\n+00029f70: 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 nly be used afte\n+00029f80: 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 r the ...linux..\n+00029f90: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n+00029fa0: 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 7320 6265 linux::) has be\n+00029fb0: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 en. run. Se\n+00029fc0: 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 e *note GNU/Linu\n+00029fd0: 783a 3a20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 x:: for more inf\n+00029fe0: 6f20 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 4e55 o on booting GNU\n+00029ff0: 2f4c 696e 7578 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 /Linux.. For\n+0002a000: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more informatio\n+0002a010: 6e20 6f6e 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2073 6565 n on initrds see\n+0002a020: 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 206b the GNU/Linux k\n+0002a030: 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d ernel. docum\n+0002a040: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2868 entation. (h\n+0002a050: 7474 7073 3a2f 2f64 6f63 732e 6b65 726e ttps://docs.kern\n+0002a060: 656c 2e6f 7267 2f66 696c 6573 7973 7465 el.org/filesyste\n+0002a070: 6d73 2f72 616d 6673 2d72 6f6f 7466 732d ms/ramfs-rootfs-\n+0002a080: 696e 6974 7261 6d66 732e 6874 6d6c 292e initramfs.html).\n+0002a090: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 206e 6577 2d73 7479 .. A new-sty\n+0002a0a0: 6c65 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2866 6f72 206b le initrd (for k\n+0002a0b0: 6572 6e65 6c73 206e 6577 6572 2074 6861 ernels newer tha\n+0002a0c0: 6e20 322e 3629 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e n 2.6) containin\n+0002a0d0: 6720 6f6e 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 g one file. \n+0002a0e0: 7769 7468 206c 6561 6469 6e67 2070 6174 with leading pat\n+0002a0f0: 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2063 616e h components can\n+0002a100: 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 also be generat\n+0002a110: 6564 2061 7420 7275 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a ed at run time..\n+0002a120: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 6265 This can be\n+0002a130: 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 done by prefixi\n+0002a140: 6e67 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2077 ng an argument w\n+0002a150: 6974 6820 e280 986e 6577 633a e280 9920 ith ...newc:... \n+0002a160: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 followed by. \n+0002a170: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f66 2074 6865 the path of the\n+0002a180: 2066 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206e 6577 file in the new\n+0002a190: 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2061 20e2 8098 3ae2 initrd, a ...:.\n+0002a1a0: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 .., and then the\n+0002a1b0: 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 GRUB. file \n+0002a1c0: 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 path to the file\n+0002a1d0: 2064 6174 6120 746f 2062 6520 6265 2069 data to be be i\n+0002a1e0: 6e63 6c75 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 ncluded... F\n+0002a1f0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 or example:. \n+0002a200: 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 206e 6577 initrd new\n+0002a210: 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 c:/etc/ssh/confi\n+0002a220: 673a 2868 6430 2c32 292f 686f 6d65 2f75 g:(hd0,2)/home/u\n+0002a230: 7365 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 6720 ser/.ssh/config \n+0002a240: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0002a250: 2020 206e 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 newc:/etc/ssh\n+0002a260: 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 /ssh_host_rsa_ke\n+0002a270: 793a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 y:/etc/ssh/ssh_h\n+0002a280: 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 7920 5c0a 2020 ost_rsa_key \\. \n+0002a290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f /\n+0002a2a0: 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 205c boot/initrd.gz \\\n+0002a2b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0002a2c0: 2020 6e65 7763 3a2f 696e 6974 3a2f 686f newc:/init:/ho\n+0002a2d0: 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 me/user/init.fix\n+0002a2e0: 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f ed.. This co\n+0002a2f0: 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 mmand will gener\n+0002a300: 6174 6520 7477 6f20 6e65 772d 7374 796c ate two new-styl\n+0002a310: 6520 696e 6974 7264 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 e initrds on the\n+0002a320: 2066 6c79 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 fly. The. \n+0002a330: 6669 7273 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 first contains t\n+0002a340: 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 6574 632f he path .../etc/\n+0002a350: 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 ssh/config... wi\n+0002a360: 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 th the contents \n+0002a370: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 6864 302c of. ...(hd0,\n+0002a380: 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 7373 2)/home/user/.ss\n+0002a390: 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 h/config... and \n+0002a3a0: 7468 6520 7061 7468 0a20 2020 2020 e280 the path. ..\n+0002a3b0: 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f ./etc/ssh/ssh_ho\n+0002a3c0: 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 7769 st_rsa_key... wi\n+0002a3d0: 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 th the contents \n+0002a3e0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f of. .../etc/\n+0002a3f0: 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 ssh/ssh_host_rsa\n+0002a400: 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 6f6e 2074 6865 2052 _key... on the R\n+0002a410: 4f4f 5420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2050 6172 OOT device. Par\n+0002a420: 656e 7420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 ent directory. \n+0002a430: 2020 2070 6174 6873 2077 696c 6c20 6175 paths will au\n+0002a440: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6265 2067 tomatically be g\n+0002a450: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 6e65 6564 enerated as need\n+0002a460: 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6669 7273 740a ed. This first.\n+0002a470: 2020 2020 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 generated i\n+0002a480: 6e69 7472 6420 7769 6c6c 2074 6865 6e20 nitrd will then \n+0002a490: 6861 7665 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e have .../boot/in\n+0002a4a0: 6974 7264 2e67 7ae2 8099 2063 6f6e 6361 itrd.gz... conca\n+0002a4b0: 7465 6e61 7465 640a 2020 2020 2061 6674 tenated. aft\n+0002a4c0: 6572 2069 742e 2020 4e65 7874 2c20 616e er it. Next, an\n+0002a4d0: 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 other new-style \n+0002a4e0: 6172 6368 6976 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 archive will be \n+0002a4f0: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7769 7468 0a20 generated with. \n+0002a500: 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 the contents\n+0002a510: 206f 6620 e280 982f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 of .../home/use\n+0002a520: 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 e280 9920 r/init.fixed... \n+0002a530: 696e 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f in the path .../\n+0002a540: 696e 6974 e280 9920 616e 640a 2020 2020 init... and. \n+0002a550: 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 appended to the\n+0002a560: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6e63 6174 previous concat\n+0002a570: 656e 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c enation. Finall\n+0002a580: 792c 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 7769 y, the result wi\n+0002a590: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2073 656e 7420 ll. be sent \n+0002a5a0: 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7768 to the kernel wh\n+0002a5b0: 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 en booted... \n+0002a5c0: 204b 6565 7020 696e 206d 696e 6420 7468 Keep in mind th\n+0002a5d0: 6174 2070 6174 6873 2074 6861 7420 636f at paths that co\n+0002a5e0: 6d65 206c 6174 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7461 me later will ta\n+0002a5f0: 6b65 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 652e 2020 ke precedence. \n+0002a600: 536f 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 2065 So. in the e\n+0002a610: 7861 6d70 6c65 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 xample above, th\n+0002a620: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7061 7468 e generated path\n+0002a630: 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2077 696c .../init... wil\n+0002a640: 6c20 6f76 6572 7772 6974 6520 616e 790a l overwrite any.\n+0002a650: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 .../init...\n+0002a660: 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 in .../boot/ini\n+0002a670: 7472 642e 677a e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 trd.gz.... This\n+0002a680: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2077 can be useful w\n+0002a690: 6865 6e20 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2074 6865 hen changing the\n+0002a6a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 696e 2069 6e69 7472 . main initr\n+0002a6b0: 6420 6973 2075 6e64 6573 6972 6162 6c65 d is undesirable\n+0002a6c0: 206f 7220 6469 6666 6963 756c 742e 0a0a or difficult...\n+0002a6d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002a6e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 o, Node: initrd\n+0002a6f0: 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 16, Next: linux\n+0002a700: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e69 7472 642c , Prev: initrd,\n+0002a710: 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d Up: Loader com\n+0002a720: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3320 696e mands..17.2.3 in\n+0002a730: 6974 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d itrd16.---------\n+0002a740: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002a750: 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 3620 6669 and: initrd16 fi\n+0002a760: 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 le [file ...]. \n+0002a770: 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 Load, in orde\n+0002a780: 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 r, all initrds f\n+0002a790: 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 or a Linux kerne\n+0002a7a0: 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 626f l image to be bo\n+0002a7b0: 6f74 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2031 362d oted. in 16-\n+0002a7c0: 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 bit mode, and se\n+0002a7d0: 7420 7468 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 t the appropriat\n+0002a7e0: 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 e parameters in \n+0002a7f0: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2073 the Linux. s\n+0002a800: 6574 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d etup area in mem\n+0002a810: 6f72 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 206f ory. This may o\n+0002a820: 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 nly be used afte\n+0002a830: 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 r the ...linux16\n+0002a840: e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .... command\n+0002a850: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a (*note linux16:\n+0002a860: 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e :) has been run.\n+0002a870: 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 See also *note\n+0002a880: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a20 2020 GNU/Linux::. \n+0002a890: 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e69 and the ...ini\n+0002a8a0: 7472 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 trd... command (\n+0002a8b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2920 *note initrd::) \n+0002a8c0: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 for more details\n+0002a8d0: 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e on. argumen\n+0002a8e0: 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 ts... This c\n+0002a8f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 ommand is only a\n+0002a900: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 vailable on the \n+0002a910: 7063 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 pc platform for \n+0002a920: 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a x86 systems.....\n+0002a930: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002a940: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 Node: linux, \n+0002a950: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 Next: linux16, \n+0002a960: 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 Prev: initrd16, \n+0002a970: 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d Up: Loader comm\n+0002a980: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e34 206c 696e ands..17.2.4 lin\n+0002a990: 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ux.------------.\n+0002a9a0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 . -- Command: li\n+0002a9b0: 6e75 7820 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 nux file .... \n+0002a9c0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b Load a Linux k\n+0002a9d0: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d ernel image from\n+0002a9e0: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 FILE. The rest\n+0002a9f0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a of the line is.\n+0002aa00: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 passed verb\n+0002aa10: 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b atim as the ...k\n+0002aa20: 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ernel command-li\n+0002aa30: 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 696e 6974 ne.... Any init\n+0002aa40: 7264 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 rd must be. \n+0002aa50: 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 reloaded after u\n+0002aa60: 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e sing this comman\n+0002aa70: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a d (*note initrd:\n+0002aa80: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 :)... On x86\n+0002aa90: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 systems, the ke\n+0002aaa0: 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f rnel will be boo\n+0002aab0: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 3332 ted using the 32\n+0002aac0: 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 -bit boot. p\n+0002aad0: 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 rotocol. Note t\n+0002aae0: 6861 7420 7468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 hat this means t\n+0002aaf0: 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 9876 6761 3de2 hat the ...vga=.\n+0002ab00: 8099 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 .. boot option w\n+0002ab10: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 ill. not wor\n+0002ab20: 6b3b 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 k; if you want t\n+0002ab30: 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 o set a special \n+0002ab40: 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2c20 796f 7520 video mode, you \n+0002ab50: 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 2020 will need to. \n+0002ab60: 2020 7573 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 use GRUB comma\n+0002ab70: 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9873 nds such as ...s\n+0002ab80: 6574 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d 3130 et gfxpayload=10\n+0002ab90: 3234 7837 3638 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 24x768... or ...\n+0002aba0: 7365 740a 2020 2020 2067 6678 7061 796c set. gfxpayl\n+0002abb0: 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 e280 9920 2874 6f20 oad=keep... (to \n+0002abc0: 6b65 6570 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6d6f keep the same mo\n+0002abd0: 6465 2061 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 de as used in GR\n+0002abe0: 5542 2920 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 UB) instead.. \n+0002abf0: 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2061 7574 6f6d GRUB can autom\n+0002ac00: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 atically detect \n+0002ac10: 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 some uses of ...\n+0002ac20: 7667 613d e280 9920 616e 6420 7472 616e vga=... and tran\n+0002ac30: 736c 6174 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 slate. them \n+0002ac40: 746f 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2073 to appropriate s\n+0002ac50: 6574 7469 6e67 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 6766 ettings of ...gf\n+0002ac60: 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 e280 992e 2020 5468 xpayload.... Th\n+0002ac70: 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a e ...linux16....\n+0002ac80: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e command (*n\n+0002ac90: 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2061 ote linux16::) a\n+0002aca0: 766f 6964 7320 7468 6973 2072 6573 7472 voids this restr\n+0002acb0: 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iction.....File:\n+0002acc0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002acd0: 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 204e 6578 e: linux16, Nex\n+0002ace0: 743a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f t: xen_hyperviso\n+0002acf0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c r, Prev: linux,\n+0002ad00: 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d Up: Loader com\n+0002ad10: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3520 6c69 mands..17.2.5 li\n+0002ad20: 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nux16.----------\n+0002ad30: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002ad40: 643a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2066 696c 6520 d: linux16 file \n+0002ad50: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 .... Load a \n+0002ad60: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 Linux kernel ima\n+0002ad70: 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2069 6e20 ge from FILE in \n+0002ad80: 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 16-bit mode. Th\n+0002ad90: 6520 7265 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 e rest of. t\n+0002ada0: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 he line is passe\n+0002adb0: 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 d verbatim as th\n+0002adc0: 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d e ...kernel comm\n+0002add0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e and-line.... An\n+0002ade0: 790a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 y. initrd mu\n+0002adf0: 7374 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 st be reloaded a\n+0002ae00: 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 fter using this \n+0002ae10: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 command (*note. \n+0002ae20: 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a3a 292e initrd16::).\n+0002ae30: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206b 6572 6e65 .. The kerne\n+0002ae40: 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 l will be booted\n+0002ae50: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7261 6469 using the tradi\n+0002ae60: 7469 6f6e 616c 2031 362d 6269 7420 626f tional 16-bit bo\n+0002ae70: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c ot. protocol\n+0002ae80: 2e20 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6279 . As well as by\n+0002ae90: 7061 7373 696e 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 passing problems\n+0002aea0: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 with ...vga=...\n+0002aeb0: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 described in. \n+0002aec0: 2020 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a *note linux::\n+0002aed0: 2c20 7468 6973 2070 6572 6d69 7473 2062 , this permits b\n+0002aee0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 ooting some othe\n+0002aef0: 7220 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 2074 6861 740a r programs that.\n+0002af00: 2020 2020 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 implement t\n+0002af10: 6865 204c 696e 7578 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 he Linux boot pr\n+0002af20: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 otocol for the s\n+0002af30: 616b 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e ake of convenien\n+0002af40: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 ce... This c\n+0002af50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 ommand is only a\n+0002af60: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 3620 vailable on x86 \n+0002af70: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems.....File\n+0002af80: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002af90: 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 de: xen_hypervis\n+0002afa0: 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f6d or, Next: xen_m\n+0002afb0: 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 odule, Prev: li\n+0002afc0: 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 nux16, Up: Load\n+0002afd0: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e er commands..17.\n+0002afe0: 322e 3620 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 2.6 xen_hypervis\n+0002aff0: 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d or.-------------\n+0002b000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002b010: 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 mmand: xen_hyper\n+0002b020: 7669 736f 7220 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 visor file [argu\n+0002b030: 6d65 6e74 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 ments] .... \n+0002b040: 4c6f 6164 2061 2058 656e 2068 7970 6572 Load a Xen hyper\n+0002b050: 7669 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2066 726f visor binary fro\n+0002b060: 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 m FILE. The res\n+0002b070: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 t of the line is\n+0002b080: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 . passed ver\n+0002b090: 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c batim as the ...\n+0002b0a0: 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c kernel command-l\n+0002b0b0: 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206f 7468 ine.... Any oth\n+0002b0c0: 6572 2062 696e 6172 6965 730a 2020 2020 er binaries. \n+0002b0d0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 must be reloade\n+0002b0e0: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 d after using th\n+0002b0f0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2054 6869 is command. Thi\n+0002b100: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c s command is onl\n+0002b110: 790a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 y. available\n+0002b120: 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 7374 on AArch64 syst\n+0002b130: 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ems.....File: gr\n+0002b140: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002b150: 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 xen_module, Pre\n+0002b160: 763a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f v: xen_hyperviso\n+0002b170: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 r, Up: Loader c\n+0002b180: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3720 ommands..17.2.7 \n+0002b190: 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d xen_module.-----\n+0002b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002b1b0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f6d - Command: xen_m\n+0002b1c0: 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 odule [--nounzip\n+0002b1d0: 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 ] file [argument\n+0002b1e0: 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d s]. Load a m\n+0002b1f0: 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7865 6e20 6879 odule for xen hy\n+0002b200: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2061 7420 7468 6520 pervisor at the \n+0002b210: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 7320 booting process \n+0002b220: 6f66 2078 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 of xen.. The\n+0002b230: 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e rest of the lin\n+0002b240: 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 e is passed verb\n+0002b250: 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 atim as the modu\n+0002b260: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e le command line.\n+0002b270: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7368 . Modules sh\n+0002b280: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 ould be loaded i\n+0002b290: 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 n the following \n+0002b2a0: 6f72 6465 723a 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 6b65 order: - dom0 ke\n+0002b2b0: 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 rnel. image \n+0002b2c0: 2d20 646f 6d30 2072 616d 6469 736b 2069 - dom0 ramdisk i\n+0002b2d0: 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 2d20 5853 4d20 f present - XSM \n+0002b2e0: 706f 6c69 6379 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e policy if presen\n+0002b2f0: 7420 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d t This. comm\n+0002b300: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 and is only avai\n+0002b310: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 lable on AArch64\n+0002b320: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c systems.....Fil\n+0002b330: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002b340: 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d ode: General com\n+0002b350: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f mands, Next: Co\n+0002b360: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002b370: 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 nds, Prev: Load\n+0002b380: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 er commands, Up\n+0002b390: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 : Commands..17.3\n+0002b3a0: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n+0002b3b0: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+0002b3c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 =======..Command\n+0002b3d0: 7320 7573 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 7768 6572 s usable anywher\n+0002b3e0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e e in the menu an\n+0002b3f0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 d in the command\n+0002b400: 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a -line...* Menu:.\n+0002b410: 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 .* serial:: \n+0002b420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002b430: 2053 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c Set up a serial\n+0002b440: 2064 6576 6963 650a 2a20 7465 726d 696e device.* termin\n+0002b450: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 al_input:: \n+0002b460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 Manage i\n+0002b470: 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a nput terminals.*\n+0002b480: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n+0002b490: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d :: M\n+0002b4a0: 616e 6167 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 anage output ter\n+0002b4b0: 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 minals.* terminf\n+0002b4c0: 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o:: \n+0002b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7465 Define te\n+0002b4e0: 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 rminal type....F\n+0002b4f0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002b500: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 Node: serial, \n+0002b510: 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 Next: terminal_i\n+0002b520: 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 nput, Up: Gener\n+0002b530: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e al commands..17.\n+0002b540: 332e 3120 7365 7269 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.1 serial.-----\n+0002b550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002b560: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d mmand: serial [-\n+0002b570: 2d75 6e69 743d 756e 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 -unit=unit] [--p\n+0002b580: 6f72 743d 706f 7274 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 ort=port] [--spe\n+0002b590: 6564 3d73 7065 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 ed=speed]. \n+0002b5a0: 2020 2020 5b2d 2d77 6f72 643d 776f 7264 [--word=word\n+0002b5b0: 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6172 6974 793d 7061 7269 ] [--parity=pari\n+0002b5c0: 7479 5d20 5b2d 2d73 746f 703d 7374 6f70 ty] [--stop=stop\n+0002b5d0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2049 6e69 7469 616c 697a ]. Initializ\n+0002b5e0: 6520 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 e a serial devic\n+0002b5f0: 652e 2020 554e 4954 2069 7320 6120 6e75 e. UNIT is a nu\n+0002b600: 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 mber in the rang\n+0002b610: 6520 302d 330a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 e 0-3. speci\n+0002b620: 6679 696e 6720 7768 6963 6820 7365 7269 fying which seri\n+0002b630: 616c 2070 6f72 7420 746f 2075 7365 3b20 al port to use; \n+0002b640: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2030 2c20 7768 default is 0, wh\n+0002b650: 6963 680a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 ich. corresp\n+0002b660: 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7468 6520 706f 7274 onds to the port\n+0002b670: 206f 6674 656e 2063 616c 6c65 6420 434f often called CO\n+0002b680: 4d31 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 504f 5254 2069 M1... PORT i\n+0002b690: 7320 7468 6520 492f 4f20 706f 7274 2077 s the I/O port w\n+0002b6a0: 6865 7265 2074 6865 2055 4152 5420 6973 here the UART is\n+0002b6b0: 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 206f 722c to be found or,\n+0002b6c0: 2069 6620 7072 6566 6978 6564 0a20 2020 if prefixed. \n+0002b6d0: 2020 7769 7468 20e2 8098 6d6d 696f 2ce2 with ...mmio,.\n+0002b6e0: 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 .., the MMIO add\n+0002b6f0: 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 5541 5254 ress of the UART\n+0002b700: 2e20 4966 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 . If specified i\n+0002b710: 7420 7461 6b65 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 t takes. pre\n+0002b720: 6365 6465 6e63 6520 6f76 6572 2055 4e49 cedence over UNI\n+0002b730: 542e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 6974 696f T... Additio\n+0002b740: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 6e20 4d4d 494f 2061 nally, an MMIO a\n+0002b750: 6464 7265 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 7375 ddress can be su\n+0002b760: 6666 6978 6564 2077 6974 683a 0a20 2020 ffixed with:. \n+0002b770: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e62 e280 ... ....b..\n+0002b780: 9920 666f 7220 6279 7465 7320 6163 6365 . for bytes acce\n+0002b790: 7373 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 0a20 2020 ss (default). \n+0002b7a0: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e77 e280 ... ....w..\n+0002b7b0: 9920 666f 7220 3136 2d62 6974 2077 6f72 . for 16-bit wor\n+0002b7c0: 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d access. \n+0002b7d0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e6c e280 9920 666f ... ....l... fo\n+0002b7e0: 7220 3332 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 776f r 32-bit long wo\n+0002b7f0: 7264 2061 6363 6573 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 rd access or. \n+0002b800: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e71 e280 ... ....q..\n+0002b810: 9920 666f 7220 3634 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e . for 64-bit lon\n+0002b820: 6720 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 g long word acce\n+0002b830: 7373 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2050 ss.. Also, P\n+0002b840: 4f52 5420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6620 7468 ORT can be of th\n+0002b850: 6520 666f 726d 20e2 8098 7063 692c 5858 e form ...pci,XX\n+0002b860: 3a58 582e 58e2 8099 2074 6f20 696e 6469 :XX.X... to indi\n+0002b870: 6361 7465 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2020 cate a serial. \n+0002b880: 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 6578 706f 7365 device expose\n+0002b890: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2050 4349 2062 7573 d on the PCI bus\n+0002b8a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5350 4545 4420 6973 ... SPEED is\n+0002b8b0: 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 7373 696f the transmissio\n+0002b8c0: 6e20 7370 6565 643b 2064 6566 6175 6c74 n speed; default\n+0002b8d0: 2069 7320 3936 3030 2e20 2057 4f52 4420 is 9600. WORD \n+0002b8e0: 616e 6420 5354 4f50 0a20 2020 2020 6172 and STOP. ar\n+0002b8f0: 6520 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 e the number of \n+0002b900: 6461 7461 2062 6974 7320 616e 6420 7374 data bits and st\n+0002b910: 6f70 2062 6974 732e 2020 4461 7461 2062 op bits. Data b\n+0002b920: 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 696e 0a20 its must be in. \n+0002b930: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 352d the range 5-\n+0002b940: 3820 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 7320 8 and stop bits \n+0002b950: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 3120 6f72 2032 2e20 must be 1 or 2. \n+0002b960: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3820 6461 Default is 8 da\n+0002b970: 7461 2062 6974 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 ta bits. and\n+0002b980: 206f 6e65 2073 746f 7020 6269 742e 2020 one stop bit. \n+0002b990: 5041 5249 5459 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 PARITY is one of\n+0002b9a0: 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 992c 20e2 8098 6f64 ...no..., ...od\n+0002b9b0: 64e2 8099 2c20 e280 9865 7665 6ee2 8099 d..., ...even...\n+0002b9c0: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c and. defaul\n+0002b9d0: 7473 2074 6f20 e280 986e 6fe2 8099 2e0a ts to ...no.....\n+0002b9e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c . The serial\n+0002b9f0: 2070 6f72 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7365 port is not use\n+0002ba00: 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 d as a communica\n+0002ba10: 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e 656c 2075 6e6c tion channel unl\n+0002ba20: 6573 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ess the. ...\n+0002ba30: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 terminal_input..\n+0002ba40: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c . or ...terminal\n+0002ba50: 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 _output... comma\n+0002ba60: 6e64 2069 7320 7573 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 nd is used (*not\n+0002ba70: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f e. terminal_\n+0002ba80: 696e 7075 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 input::, *note t\n+0002ba90: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a erminal_output::\n+0002baa0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 652c 2076 )... Note, v\n+0002bab0: 616c 6964 2050 4f52 5420 7661 6c75 6573 alid PORT values\n+0002bac0: 2c20 6578 636c 7564 696e 6720 494f 2070 , excluding IO p\n+0002bad0: 6f72 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 732c 2063 ort addresses, c\n+0002bae0: 616e 2062 6520 666f 756e 640a 2020 2020 an be found. \n+0002baf0: 2062 7920 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7465 726d by listing term\n+0002bb00: 696e 616c 7320 7769 7468 20e2 8098 7465 inals with ...te\n+0002bb10: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 rminal_output...\n+0002bb20: 2c20 7365 6c65 6374 696e 6720 616c 6c20 , selecting all \n+0002bb30: 6e61 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 6669 names. prefi\n+0002bb40: 7865 6420 6279 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c xed by ...serial\n+0002bb50: 5fe2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 656d 6f76 696e _... and removin\n+0002bb60: 6720 7468 6174 2070 7265 6669 782e 0a0a g that prefix...\n+0002bb70: 2020 2020 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 733a 0a20 Examples:. \n+0002bb80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 serial \n+0002bb90: 2d2d 706f 7274 3d30 7833 6638 202d 2d73 --port=0x3f8 --s\n+0002bba0: 7065 6564 3d39 3630 300a 2020 2020 2020 peed=9600. \n+0002bbb0: 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 serial --por\n+0002bbc0: 743d 6d6d 696f 2c66 6566 6230 3030 302e t=mmio,fefb0000.\n+0002bbd0: 6c20 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3131 3532 3030 l --speed=115200\n+0002bbe0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 . seria\n+0002bbf0: 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 6369 2c30 303a l --port=pci,00:\n+0002bc00: 3136 2e33 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 3135 16.3 --speed=115\n+0002bc10: 3230 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6520 616c 200.. See al\n+0002bc20: 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2053 6572 6961 6c20 so *note Serial \n+0002bc30: 7465 726d 696e 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 terminal::.....F\n+0002bc40: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002bc50: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f Node: terminal_\n+0002bc60: 696e 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 input, Next: te\n+0002bc70: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 rminal_output, \n+0002bc80: 5072 6576 3a20 7365 7269 616c 2c20 2055 Prev: serial, U\n+0002bc90: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 p: General comma\n+0002bca0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3220 7465 726d nds..17.3.2 term\n+0002bcb0: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d inal_input.-----\n+0002bcc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002bcd0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 .. -- Command: t\n+0002bce0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 5b2d erminal_input [-\n+0002bcf0: 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 -append|--remove\n+0002bd00: 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 5b74 ] [terminal1] [t\n+0002bd10: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 erminal2]. \n+0002bd20: 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 .... Lis\n+0002bd30: 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 2069 t or select an i\n+0002bd40: 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a nput terminal...\n+0002bd50: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 With no arg\n+0002bd60: 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 uments, list the\n+0002bd70: 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 active and avai\n+0002bd80: 6c61 626c 6520 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d lable input term\n+0002bd90: 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 inals... Wit\n+0002bda0: 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 656e 64e2 8099 h ...--append...\n+0002bdb0: 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 , add the named \n+0002bdc0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f 2074 6865 terminals to the\n+0002bdd0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 6976 650a list of active.\n+0002bde0: 2020 2020 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 input termi\n+0002bdf0: 6e61 6c73 3b20 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 nals; any of the\n+0002be00: 7365 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 se may be used t\n+0002be10: 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 696e 7075 7420 o provide input \n+0002be20: 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 to GRUB... W\n+0002be30: 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 ith ...--remove.\n+0002be40: 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 206e .., remove the n\n+0002be50: 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 amed terminals f\n+0002be60: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 206c rom the active l\n+0002be70: 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ist... With \n+0002be80: 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2061 no options but a\n+0002be90: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 list of termina\n+0002bea0: 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c 206d 616b 6520 6f6e l names, make on\n+0002beb0: 6c79 2074 6865 206c 6973 7465 640a 2020 ly the listed. \n+0002bec0: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 terminal name\n+0002bed0: 7320 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c s active.....Fil\n+0002bee0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002bef0: 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 ode: terminal_ou\n+0002bf00: 7470 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 tput, Next: ter\n+0002bf10: 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 minfo, Prev: te\n+0002bf20: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 rminal_input, U\n+0002bf30: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 p: General comma\n+0002bf40: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3320 7465 726d nds..17.3.3 term\n+0002bf50: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d inal_output.----\n+0002bf60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002bf70: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002bf80: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n+0002bf90: 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d [--append|--rem\n+0002bfa0: 6f76 655d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 315d ove] [terminal1]\n+0002bfb0: 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 325d 0a20 2020 [terminal2]. \n+0002bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 .... \n+0002bfd0: 4c69 7374 206f 7220 7365 6c65 6374 2061 List or select a\n+0002bfe0: 6e20 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 n output termina\n+0002bff0: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f l... With no\n+0002c000: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 arguments, list\n+0002c010: 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e 6420 the active and \n+0002c020: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f75 7470 7574 available output\n+0002c030: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 terminals... \n+0002c040: 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 With ...--appe\n+0002c050: 6e64 e280 992c 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e nd..., add the n\n+0002c060: 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 amed terminals t\n+0002c070: 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 o the list of ac\n+0002c080: 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 tive. output\n+0002c090: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616c 6c20 terminals; all \n+0002c0a0: 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2077 696c 6c20 7265 of these will re\n+0002c0b0: 6365 6976 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2066 726f ceive output fro\n+0002c0c0: 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 m GRUB... Wi\n+0002c0d0: 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 th ...--remove..\n+0002c0e0: 992c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6e61 ., remove the na\n+0002c0f0: 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 6672 med terminals fr\n+0002c100: 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 6c69 om the active li\n+0002c110: 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e st... With n\n+0002c120: 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6120 o options but a \n+0002c130: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e 616c list of terminal\n+0002c140: 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c names, make onl\n+0002c150: 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 2020 y the listed. \n+0002c160: 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 terminal names\n+0002c170: 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 active.....File\n+0002c180: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002c190: 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 2c20 2050 de: terminfo, P\n+0002c1a0: 7265 763a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 rev: terminal_ou\n+0002c1b0: 7470 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 tput, Up: Gener\n+0002c1c0: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e al commands..17.\n+0002c1d0: 332e 3420 7465 726d 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 3.4 terminfo.---\n+0002c1e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002c1f0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 - Command: termi\n+0002c200: 6e66 6f20 5b2d 617c 2d75 7c2d 765d 205b nfo [-a|-u|-v] [\n+0002c210: 2d67 2057 7848 5d20 5b74 6572 6d5d 205b -g WxH] [term] [\n+0002c220: 7479 7065 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e type]. Defin\n+0002c230: 6520 7468 6520 6361 7061 6269 6c69 7469 e the capabiliti\n+0002c240: 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 es of your termi\n+0002c250: 6e61 6c20 6279 2067 6976 696e 6720 7468 nal by giving th\n+0002c260: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 616e 0a20 2020 e name of an. \n+0002c270: 2020 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2074 entry in the t\n+0002c280: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 6461 7461 6261 7365 erminfo database\n+0002c290: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 , which should c\n+0002c2a0: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 726f 7567 686c orrespond roughl\n+0002c2b0: 7920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6120 e280 9854 y to. a ...T\n+0002c2c0: 4552 4de2 8099 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 ERM... environme\n+0002c2d0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 696e 2055 nt variable in U\n+0002c2e0: 6e69 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 nix... The c\n+0002c2f0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 urrently availab\n+0002c300: 6c65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 le terminal type\n+0002c310: 7320 6172 6520 e280 9876 7431 3030 e280 s are ...vt100..\n+0002c320: 992c 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f ., ...vt100-colo\n+0002c330: 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6965 r...,. ...ie\n+0002c340: 6565 3132 3735 e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 ee1275..., and .\n+0002c350: 8098 6475 6d62 e280 992e 2020 4966 2079 ..dumb.... If y\n+0002c360: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7465 ou need other te\n+0002c370: 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 6573 2c20 706c rminal types, pl\n+0002c380: 6561 7365 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6163 ease. contac\n+0002c390: 7420 7573 2074 6f20 6469 7363 7573 7320 t us to discuss \n+0002c3a0: 7468 6520 6265 7374 2077 6179 2074 6f20 the best way to \n+0002c3b0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 include support \n+0002c3c0: 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 696e 0a20 2020 for these in. \n+0002c3d0: 2020 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 GRUB... Th\n+0002c3e0: 6520 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2028 e280 982d e ...-a... (...-\n+0002c3f0: 2d61 7363 6969 e280 9929 2c20 e280 982d -ascii...), ...-\n+0002c400: 75e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d75 7466 38e2 u... (...--utf8.\n+0002c410: 8099 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 ..), and ...-v..\n+0002c420: 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 7669 7375 616c 2d75 . (...--visual-u\n+0002c430: 7466 38e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 206f 7074 tf8...). opt\n+0002c440: 696f 6e73 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2068 6f77 ions control how\n+0002c450: 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2074 6578 7420 non-ASCII text \n+0002c460: 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e20 20e2 is displayed. .\n+0002c470: 8098 2d61 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 ..-a... specifie\n+0002c480: 7320 616e 0a20 2020 2020 4153 4349 492d s an. 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The ...\n+0002c5e0: 2d67 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 6765 6f6d -g... (...--geom\n+0002c5f0: 6574 7279 e280 9929 2063 616e 2062 6520 etry...) can be \n+0002c600: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 used to specify \n+0002c610: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2067 656f 6d65 7472 terminal geometr\n+0002c620: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6e6f 206f y... 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envir\n+0002d150: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a 206c onment block.* l\n+0002d160: 6f61 6466 6f6e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 oadfont:: \n+0002d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n+0002d180: 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 206c d font files.* l\n+0002d190: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 oopback:: \n+0002d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 616b Mak\n+0002d1b0: 6520 6120 6465 7669 6365 2066 726f 6d20 e a device from \n+0002d1c0: 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 a filesystem ima\n+0002d1d0: 6765 0a2a 206c 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ge.* ls:: \n+0002d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d1f0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 List devices \n+0002d200: 6f72 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 206c 7366 6f6e or files.* lsfon\n+0002d210: 7473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ts:: \n+0002d220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6c6f List lo\n+0002d230: 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 0a2a 206c 736d aded fonts.* lsm\n+0002d240: 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 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2020 2020 5377 6974 6368 Switch\n+0002d350: 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 2064 6973 6b20 to native disk \n+0002d360: 6472 6976 6572 730a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c drivers.* normal\n+0002d370: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f Enter no\n+0002d390: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 6e6f 726d rmal mode.* norm\n+0002d3a0: 616c 5f65 7869 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 al_exit:: \n+0002d3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4578 6974 2066 Exit f\n+0002d3c0: 726f 6d20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a rom normal mode.\n+0002d3d0: 2a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 2020 2020 * parttool:: \n+0002d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d3f0: 4d6f 6469 6679 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e Modify partition\n+0002d400: 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a table entries.*\n+0002d410: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 3a20 2020 2020 password:: \n+0002d420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n+0002d430: 6574 2061 2063 6c65 6172 2d74 6578 7420 et a clear-text \n+0002d440: 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 password.* passw\n+0002d450: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2020 2020 ord_pbkdf2:: \n+0002d460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 2068 Set a h\n+0002d470: 6173 6865 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2a ashed password.*\n+0002d480: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 2020 plainmount:: \n+0002d490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204f O\n+0002d4a0: 7065 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2065 6e63 7279 pen device encry\n+0002d4b0: 7074 6564 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 6d6f pted in plain mo\n+0002d4c0: 6465 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a 3a20 2020 2020 de.* play:: \n+0002d4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d4e0: 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 0a2a Play a tune.*\n+0002d4f0: 2070 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 probe:: \n+0002d500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n+0002d510: 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 etrieve device i\n+0002d520: 6e66 6f0a 2a20 7264 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 nfo.* rdmsr:: \n 0002d530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d540: 5265 6164 2076 616c 7565 7320 6672 6f6d Read values from\n-0002d550: 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 model-specific \n-0002d560: 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a 2a20 7265 6164 registers.* read\n-0002d570: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2075 Read u\n-0002d590: 7365 7220 696e 7075 740a 2a20 7265 626f ser input.* rebo\n-0002d5a0: 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot:: \n-0002d5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 Reboot\n-0002d5c0: 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 0a2a your computer.*\n-0002d5d0: 2072 6567 6578 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 regexp:: \n-0002d5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n-0002d5f0: 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 est if regular e\n-0002d600: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 6d61 7463 6865 xpression matche\n-0002d610: 7320 7374 7269 6e67 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 s string.* rmmod\n-0002d620: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 Remove \n-0002d640: 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2a 2073 6176 655f a module.* save_\n-0002d650: 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 env:: \n-0002d660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 7661 Save va\n-0002d670: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f 2065 6e76 6972 riables to envir\n-0002d680: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a 2073 onment block.* s\n-0002d690: 6561 7263 683a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 earch:: \n-0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 Sea\n-0002d6b0: 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 rch devices by f\n-0002d6c0: 696c 652c 206c 6162 656c 2c20 6f72 2055 ile, label, or U\n-0002d6d0: 5549 440a 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 793a 3a20 UID.* sendkey:: \n-0002d6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d6f0: 2020 2020 456d 756c 6174 6520 6b65 7973 Emulate keys\n-0002d700: 7472 6f6b 6573 0a2a 2073 6574 3a3a 2020 trokes.* set:: \n-0002d710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 6e20 656e Set an en\n-0002d730: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0002d740: 6c65 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a3a 2020 le.* sha1sum:: \n-0002d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d760: 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 Compute or ch\n-0002d770: 6563 6b20 5348 4131 2068 6173 680a 2a20 eck SHA1 hash.* \n-0002d780: 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 sha256sum:: \n-0002d790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f Co\n-0002d7a0: 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 mpute or check S\n-0002d7b0: 4841 3235 3620 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 HA256 hash.* sha\n-0002d7c0: 3531 3273 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 512sum:: \n-0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 Compu\n-0002d7e0: 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4135 te or check SHA5\n-0002d7f0: 3132 2068 6173 680a 2a20 736c 6565 703a 12 hash.* sleep:\n-0002d800: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5761 6974 2066 6f72 Wait for\n-0002d820: 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 206e 756d a specified num\n-0002d830: 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 0a2a ber of seconds.*\n-0002d840: 2073 6d62 696f 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 smbios:: \n-0002d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n-0002d860: 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 etrieve SMBIOS i\n-0002d870: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2073 6f75 nformation.* sou\n-0002d880: 7263 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rce:: \n-0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 Read \n-0002d8a0: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n-0002d8b0: 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e file in same con\n-0002d8c0: 7465 7874 0a2a 2074 6573 743a 3a20 2020 text.* test:: \n-0002d8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d8e0: 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 Check file \n-0002d8f0: 7479 7065 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 types and compar\n-0002d900: 6520 7661 6c75 6573 0a2a 2074 7275 653a e values.* true:\n-0002d910: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 Do noth\n-0002d930: 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c ing, successfull\n-0002d940: 790a 2a20 7472 7573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 y.* trust:: \n+0002d540: 2020 2020 5265 6164 2076 616c 7565 7320 Read values \n+0002d550: 6672 6f6d 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 from model-speci\n+0002d560: 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a 2a20 fic registers.* \n+0002d570: 7265 6164 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 read:: \n+0002d580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n+0002d590: 6164 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 740a 2a20 ad user input.* \n+0002d5a0: 7265 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 reboot:: \n+0002d5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n+0002d5c0: 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 boot your comput\n+0002d5d0: 6572 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a 3a20 2020 er.* regexp:: \n+0002d5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d5f0: 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 756c Test if regul\n+0002d600: 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 6d61 ar expression ma\n+0002d610: 7463 6865 7320 7374 7269 6e67 0a2a 2072 tches string.* r\n+0002d620: 6d6d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mmod:: \n+0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d Rem\n+0002d640: 6f76 6520 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2a 2073 ove a module.* s\n+0002d650: 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ave_env:: \n+0002d660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6176 Sav\n+0002d670: 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f 2065 e variables to e\n+0002d680: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+0002d690: 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a20 2020 2020 .* search:: \n+0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d6b0: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 Search devices \n+0002d6c0: 6279 2066 696c 652c 206c 6162 656c 2c20 by file, label, \n+0002d6d0: 6f72 2055 5549 440a 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 or UUID.* sendke\n+0002d6e0: 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y:: \n+0002d6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d 756c 6174 6520 Emulate \n+0002d700: 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 0a2a 2073 6574 keystrokes.* set\n+0002d710: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 Set a\n+0002d730: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n+0002d740: 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d riable.* sha1sum\n+0002d750: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d760: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f Compute o\n+0002d770: 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4131 2068 6173 r check SHA1 has\n+0002d780: 680a 2a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 3a20 h.* sha256sum:: \n+0002d790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d7a0: 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 Compute or che\n+0002d7b0: 636b 2053 4841 3235 3620 6861 7368 0a2a ck SHA256 hash.*\n+0002d7c0: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 sha512sum:: \n+0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n+0002d7e0: 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 ompute or check \n+0002d7f0: 5348 4135 3132 2068 6173 680a 2a20 736c SHA512 hash.* sl\n+0002d800: 6565 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eep:: \n+0002d810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5761 6974 Wait\n+0002d820: 2066 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 for a specified\n+0002d830: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e number of secon\n+0002d840: 6473 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f 733a 3a20 2020 ds.* smbios:: \n+0002d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d860: 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 Retrieve SMBI\n+0002d870: 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a OS information.*\n+0002d880: 2073 6f75 7263 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 source:: \n+0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n+0002d8a0: 6561 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ead a configurat\n+0002d8b0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 ion file in same\n+0002d8c0: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a2a 2074 6573 743a context.* test:\n+0002d8d0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 Check f\n+0002d8f0: 696c 6520 7479 7065 7320 616e 6420 636f ile types and co\n+0002d900: 6d70 6172 6520 7661 6c75 6573 0a2a 2074 mpare values.* t\n+0002d910: 7275 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue:: \n+0002d920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f20 Do \n+0002d930: 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 nothing, success\n+0002d940: 6675 6c6c 790a 2a20 7472 7573 743a 3a20 fully.* trust:: \n 0002d950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d960: 2020 4164 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 Add public key\n-0002d970: 2074 6f20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7472 7573 to list of trus\n-0002d980: 7465 6420 6b65 7973 0a2a 2075 6e73 6574 ted keys.* unset\n-0002d990: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2061 Unset a\n-0002d9b0: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n-0002d9c0: 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f riable.* verify_\n-0002d9d0: 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 detached:: \n-0002d9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 6966 7920 6465 Verify de\n-0002d9f0: 7461 6368 6564 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 tached digital s\n-0002da00: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 0a2a 2076 6964 656f ignature.* video\n-0002da10: 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 info:: \n-0002da20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 List av\n-0002da30: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f ailable video mo\n-0002da40: 6465 730a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 des.* wrmsr:: \n-0002da50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002da60: 2020 2020 5772 6974 6520 7661 6c75 6573 Write values\n-0002da70: 2074 6f20 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 to model-specif\n-0002da80: 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a0a 1f0a ic registers....\n-0002da90: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002daa0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b2c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: [, Next\n-0002dab0: 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : acpi, Up: Com\n-0002dac0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002dad0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 205b 0a2d 2d2d ds..17.4.1 [.---\n-0002dae0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002daf0: 6e64 3a20 5b20 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e nd: [ expression\n-0002db00: 205d 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f ]. Alias fo\n-0002db10: 7220 e280 9874 6573 7420 4558 5052 4553 r ...test EXPRES\n-0002db20: 5349 4f4e e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 SION... (*note t\n-0002db30: 6573 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a est::).....File:\n-0002db40: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002db50: 653a 2061 6370 692c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: acpi, Next: \n-0002db60: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 2050 authenticate, P\n-0002db70: 7265 763a 205b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d rev: [, Up: Com\n-0002db80: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002db90: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 2061 6370 690a ds..17.4.2 acpi.\n-0002dba0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002dbb0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 205b Command: acpi [\n-0002dbc0: 2d31 7c2d 325d 205b 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 -1|-2] [--exclud\n-0002dbd0: 653d 7461 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c e=table1,...|--l\n-0002dbe0: 6f61 642d 6f6e 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 312c oad-only=table1,\n-0002dbf0: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b ...]. [\n-0002dc00: 2d2d 6f65 6d69 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d6f --oemid=id] [--o\n-0002dc10: 656d 7461 626c 653d 7461 626c 655d 205b emtable=table] [\n-0002dc20: 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 7265 763d 7265 --oemtablerev=re\n-0002dc30: 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d v]. [--\n-0002dc40: 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 723d oemtablecreator=\n-0002dc50: 6372 6561 746f 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 creator] [--oemt\n-0002dc60: 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 7272 6576 3d72 ablecreatorrev=r\n-0002dc70: 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ev]. [-\n-0002dc80: 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 6e61 -no-ebda] filena\n-0002dc90: 6d65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6465 me .... Mode\n-0002dca0: 726e 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 7320 rn BIOS systems \n-0002dcb0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 normally impleme\n-0002dcc0: 6e74 2074 6865 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 nt the Advanced \n-0002dcd0: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 Configuration. \n-0002dce0: 2020 2061 6e64 2050 6f77 6572 2049 6e74 and Power Int\n-0002dcf0: 6572 6661 6365 2028 4143 5049 292c 2061 erface (ACPI), a\n-0002dd00: 6e64 2064 6566 696e 6520 7661 7269 6f75 nd define variou\n-0002dd10: 7320 7461 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6465 s tables that de\n-0002dd20: 7363 7269 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 scribe. the \n-0002dd30: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 interface betwee\n-0002dd40: 6e20 616e 2041 4350 492d 636f 6d70 6c69 n an ACPI-compli\n-0002dd50: 616e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 ant operating sy\n-0002dd60: 7374 656d 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 stem and the. \n-0002dd70: 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 firmware. In \n-0002dd80: 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 some cases, the \n-0002dd90: 7461 626c 6573 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 tables provided \n-0002dda0: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 by default only \n-0002ddb0: 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 work. well w\n-0002ddc0: 6974 6820 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 ith certain oper\n-0002ddd0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 ating systems, a\n-0002dde0: 6e64 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206e 6563 nd it may be nec\n-0002ddf0: 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 essary to. r\n-0002de00: 6570 6c61 6365 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 eplace some of t\n-0002de10: 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 hem... Norma\n-0002de20: 6c6c 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e lly, this comman\n-0002de30: 6420 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 d will replace t\n-0002de40: 6865 2052 6f6f 7420 5379 7374 656d 2044 he Root System D\n-0002de50: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 escription. \n-0002de60: 506f 696e 7465 7220 2852 5344 5029 2069 Pointer (RSDP) i\n-0002de70: 6e20 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2042 n the Extended B\n-0002de80: 494f 5320 4461 7461 2041 7265 6120 746f IOS Data Area to\n-0002de90: 2070 6f69 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 point to the ne\n-0002dea0: 770a 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 732e 2020 w. tables. \n-0002deb0: 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 If the ...--no-e\n-0002dec0: 6264 61e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 bda... option is\n-0002ded0: 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 206e 6577 2074 used, the new t\n-0002dee0: 6162 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 ables will be. \n-0002def0: 2020 206b 6e6f 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 746f known only to\n-0002df00: 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2062 GRUB, but may b\n-0002df10: 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2773 e used by GRUB's\n-0002df20: 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a EFI emulation..\n-0002df30: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 . Note: The \n-0002df40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 command is not a\n-0002df50: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b llowed when lock\n-0002df60: 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 down is enforced\n-0002df70: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 (*note. Loc\n-0002df80: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 6572 kdown::). Other\n-0002df90: 7769 7365 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 wise an attacker\n-0002dfa0: 2063 616e 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7420 7468 can instruct th\n-0002dfb0: 6520 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 e GRUB to load. \n-0002dfc0: 2020 2020 616e 2053 5344 5420 7461 626c an SSDT tabl\n-0002dfd0: 6520 746f 206f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2074 e to overwrite t\n-0002dfe0: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f he kernel lockdo\n-0002dff0: 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e wn configuration\n-0002e000: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7465 7220 and. later \n-0002e010: 6c6f 6164 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 load and execute\n-0002e020: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 2e0a unsigned code..\n-0002e030: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002e040: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 fo, Node: authe\n-0002e050: 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 nticate, Next: \n-0002e060: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 background_color\n-0002e070: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 6370 692c 2020 , Prev: acpi, \n-0002e080: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002e090: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002e0a0: 3320 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 0a2d 3 authenticate.-\n-0002e0b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e0c0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002e0d0: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 6520 5b75 authenticate [u\n-0002e0e0: 7365 726c 6973 745d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 serlist]. Ch\n-0002e0f0: 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 7573 6572 eck whether user\n-0002e100: 2069 7320 696e 2055 5345 524c 4953 5420 is in USERLIST \n-0002e110: 6f72 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 or listed in the\n-0002e120: 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 2076 value of. v\n-0002e130: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 ariable ...super\n-0002e140: 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 202a users.... See *\n-0002e150: 6e6f 7465 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733a note superusers:\n-0002e160: 3a20 666f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 7573 6572 : for valid user\n-0002e170: 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 list. forma\n-0002e180: 742e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 t. If ...superu\n-0002e190: 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 2065 6d70 7479 sers... is empty\n-0002e1a0: 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 , this command r\n-0002e1b0: 6574 7572 6e73 2074 7275 652e 0a20 2020 eturns true.. \n-0002e1c0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 *Note Security\n-0002e1d0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-0002e1e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 b.info, Node: b\n-0002e1f0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c ackground_color,\n-0002e200: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 Next: backgrou\n-0002e210: 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 2050 7265 763a nd_image, Prev:\n-0002e220: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 authenticate, \n-0002e230: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002e240: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002e250: 3420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 4 background_col\n-0002e260: 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d or.-------------\n-0002e270: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002e280: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f Command: backgro\n-0002e290: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f 720a und_color color.\n-0002e2a0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 726f Set backgro\n-0002e2b0: 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 6163 und color for ac\n-0002e2c0: 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 tive terminal. \n-0002e2d0: 466f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a For valid color.\n-0002e2e0: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 specificati\n-0002e2f0: 6f6e 7320 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f ons see *note Co\n-0002e300: 6c6f 7273 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 lors: Theme file\n-0002e310: 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4261 636b 6772 format. Backgr\n-0002e320: 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 ound. color \n-0002e330: 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f can be changed o\n-0002e340: 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 nly when using .\n-0002e350: 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2066 6f72 ..gfxterm... for\n-0002e360: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 terminal output\n-0002e370: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n-0002e380: 6d61 6e64 2073 6574 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 mand sets color \n-0002e390: 6f66 2065 6d70 7479 2061 7265 6173 2077 of empty areas w\n-0002e3a0: 6974 686f 7574 2074 6578 742e 2020 5465 ithout text. Te\n-0002e3b0: 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 xt. backgrou\n-0002e3c0: 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 7320 636f 6e74 nd color is cont\n-0002e3d0: 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 656e 7669 726f rolled by enviro\n-0002e3e0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-0002e3f0: 2020 2020 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 COLOR_NORMA\n-0002e400: 4c2c 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 L, COLOR_HIGHLIG\n-0002e410: 4854 2c20 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e HT, MENU_COLOR_N\n-0002e420: 4f52 4d41 4c2c 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 ORMAL,. MENU\n-0002e430: 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 _COLOR_HIGHLIGHT\n-0002e440: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 7065 6369 616c . *Note Special\n-0002e450: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0002e460: 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c iables::.....Fil\n-0002e470: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002e480: 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f ode: background_\n-0002e490: 696d 6167 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 image, Next: ba\n-0002e4a0: 6472 616d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 dram, Prev: bac\n-0002e4b0: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 kground_color, \n-0002e4c0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002e4d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002e4e0: 3520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 5 background_ima\n-0002e4f0: 6765 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ge.-------------\n-0002e500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002e510: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f Command: backgro\n-0002e520: 756e 645f 696d 6167 6520 5b5b 2d2d 6d6f und_image [[--mo\n-0002e530: 6465 2073 7472 6574 6368 7c6e 6f72 6d61 de stretch|norma\n-0002e540: 6c5d 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f l] file]. Lo\n-0002e550: 6164 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d ad background im\n-0002e560: 6167 6520 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 age for active t\n-0002e570: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6672 6f6d 2046 494c erminal from FIL\n-0002e580: 452e 2020 496d 6167 6520 6973 0a20 2020 E. Image is. \n-0002e590: 2020 7374 7265 7463 6865 6420 746f 2066 stretched to f\n-0002e5a0: 696c 6c20 7570 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 ill up entire sc\n-0002e5b0: 7265 656e 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 reen unless opti\n-0002e5c0: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 on ...--mode... \n-0002e5d0: e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 ...normal.... \n-0002e5e0: 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2057 6974 is given. Wit\n-0002e5f0: 686f 7574 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2072 hout arguments r\n-0002e600: 656d 6f76 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 emove currently \n-0002e610: 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e loaded backgroun\n-0002e620: 640a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2042 d. image. B\n-0002e630: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 ackground image \n-0002e640: 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f can be changed o\n-0002e650: 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 nly when using .\n-0002e660: 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ..gfxterm.... \n-0002e670: 2020 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f for terminal o\n-0002e680: 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 utput.....File: \n-0002e690: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002e6a0: 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 204e 6578 743a : badram, Next:\n-0002e6b0: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2050 7265 blocklist, Pre\n-0002e6c0: 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d v: background_im\n-0002e6d0: 6167 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e age, Up: Comman\n-0002e6e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0002e6f0: 0a31 372e 342e 3620 6261 6472 616d 0a2d .17.4.6 badram.-\n-0002e700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002e710: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6164 7261 - Command: badra\n-0002e720: 6d20 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 m addr,mask[,add\n-0002e730: 722c 6d61 736b 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 r,mask...]. \n-0002e740: 4669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 2052 Filter out bad R\n-0002e750: 414d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 AM... This c\n-0002e760: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 ommand notifies \n-0002e770: 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 the memory manag\n-0002e780: 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 er that specifie\n-0002e790: 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 d regions of. \n-0002e7a0: 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 RAM ought to b\n-0002e7b0: 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2028 e filtered out (\n-0002e7c0: 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2062 6563 6175 7365 usually, because\n-0002e7d0: 2074 6865 7927 7265 2064 616d 6167 6564 they're damaged\n-0002e7e0: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d ).. This rem\n-0002e7f0: 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 ains in effect a\n-0002e800: 6674 6572 2061 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b fter a payload k\n-0002e810: 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c ernel has been l\n-0002e820: 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4752 oaded by. GR\n-0002e830: 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 UB, as long as t\n-0002e840: 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6b65 726e 656c he loaded kernel\n-0002e850: 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d obtains its mem\n-0002e860: 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 ory map from. \n-0002e870: 2020 4752 5542 2e20 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 GRUB. Kernels\n-0002e880: 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 that support th\n-0002e890: 6973 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 204c 696e 7578 is include Linux\n-0002e8a0: 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 650a , GNU Mach, the.\n-0002e8b0: 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 kernel of F\n-0002e8c0: 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 reeBSD and Multi\n-0002e8d0: 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 boot kernels in \n-0002e8e0: 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 general... S\n-0002e8f0: 796e 7461 7820 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d yntax is the sam\n-0002e900: 6520 6173 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 e as provided by\n-0002e910: 2074 6865 204d 656d 7465 7374 3836 2b20 the Memtest86+ \n-0002e920: 7574 696c 6974 790a 2020 2020 2028 6874 utility. (ht\n-0002e930: 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e6d 656d 7465 7374 tp://www.memtest\n-0002e940: 2e6f 7267 2f29 3a20 6120 6c69 7374 206f .org/): a list o\n-0002e950: 6620 6164 6472 6573 732f 6d61 736b 2070 f address/mask p\n-0002e960: 6169 7273 2e20 2047 6976 656e 2061 0a20 airs. Given a. \n-0002e970: 2020 2020 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 page-aligned\n-0002e980: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 2062 address and a b\n-0002e990: 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 2f20 6d61 ase address / ma\n-0002e9a0: 736b 2070 6169 722c 2069 6620 616c 6c20 sk pair, if all \n-0002e9b0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6974 7320 6f66 the. bits of\n-0002e9c0: 2074 6865 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 the page-aligne\n-0002e9d0: 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6174 2061 d address that a\n-0002e9e0: 7265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 7468 re enabled by th\n-0002e9f0: 6520 6d61 736b 206d 6174 6368 0a20 2020 e mask match. \n-0002ea00: 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 with the base \n-0002ea10: 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 7420 6d65 616e address, it mean\n-0002ea20: 7320 7468 6973 2070 6167 6520 6973 2074 s this page is t\n-0002ea30: 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 642e 2020 o be filtered. \n-0002ea40: 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6e74 6178 This. syntax\n-0002ea50: 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7379 2074 makes it easy t\n-0002ea60: 6f20 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 7474 o represent patt\n-0002ea70: 6572 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f66 erns that are of\n-0002ea80: 7465 6e20 7265 7375 6c74 206f 660a 2020 ten result of. \n-0002ea90: 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6461 6d61 6765 memory damage\n-0002eaa0: 2c20 6475 6520 746f 2070 6879 7369 6361 , due to physica\n-0002eab0: 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 206f l distribution o\n-0002eac0: 6620 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 656c 6c73 2e0a f memory cells..\n-0002ead0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e . The comman\n-0002eae0: 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 d is similar to \n-0002eaf0: e280 9863 7574 6d65 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d ...cutmem... com\n-0002eb00: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 mand... Note\n-0002eb10: 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 : The command is\n-0002eb20: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 not allowed whe\n-0002eb30: 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e n lockdown is en\n-0002eb40: 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 forced (*note. \n-0002eb50: 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 Lockdown::). \n-0002eb60: 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 This prevents r\n-0002eb70: 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f emoving EFI memo\n-0002eb80: 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 ry regions to. \n-0002eb90: 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 potentially s\n-0002eba0: 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 ubvert the secur\n-0002ebb0: 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 ity mechanisms p\n-0002ebc0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 rovided by the U\n-0002ebd0: 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 EFI. secure \n-0002ebe0: 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 boot.....File: g\n-0002ebf0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002ec00: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 204e 6578 blocklist, Nex\n-0002ec10: 743a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: boot, Prev: \n-0002ec20: 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d badram, Up: Com\n-0002ec30: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002ec40: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b ds..17.4.7 block\n-0002ec50: 6c69 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d list.-----------\n-0002ec60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002ec70: 6e64 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 nd: blocklist fi\n-0002ec80: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 le. Print a \n-0002ec90: 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 block list (*not\n-0002eca0: 6520 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e e Block list syn\n-0002ecb0: 7461 783a 3a29 2066 6f72 2046 494c 452e tax::) for FILE.\n-0002ecc0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002ecd0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 nfo, Node: boot\n-0002ece0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6174 2c20 2050 , Next: cat, P\n-0002ecf0: 7265 763a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 rev: blocklist, \n-0002ed00: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002ed10: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0002ed20: 2e38 2062 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .8 boot.--------\n-0002ed30: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002ed40: 3a20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 : boot. Boot\n-0002ed50: 2074 6865 204f 5320 6f72 2063 6861 696e the OS or chain\n-0002ed60: 2d6c 6f61 6465 7220 7768 6963 6820 6861 -loader which ha\n-0002ed70: 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 s been loaded. \n-0002ed80: 4f6e 6c79 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 0a20 Only necessary. \n-0002ed90: 2020 2020 6966 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 if running t\n-0002eda0: 6865 2066 756c 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 6163 he fully interac\n-0002edb0: 7469 7665 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e tive command-lin\n-0002edc0: 6520 2869 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 e (it is implici\n-0002edd0: 7420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e t at. the en\n-0002ede0: 6420 6f66 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 d of a menu entr\n-0002edf0: 7929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 y).....File: gru\n-0002ee00: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-0002ee10: 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6c65 6172 at, Next: clear\n-0002ee20: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 , Prev: boot, \n-0002ee30: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002ee40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002ee50: 3920 6361 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 cat.----------\n-0002ee60: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n-0002ee70: 6174 205b 2d2d 646f 735d 2066 696c 650a at [--dos] file.\n-0002ee80: 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 Display the\n-0002ee90: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 contents of the\n-0002eea0: 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 file FILE. Thi\n-0002eeb0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 s command may be\n-0002eec0: 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 useful. to \n-0002eed0: 7265 6d69 6e64 2079 6f75 206f 6620 796f remind you of yo\n-0002eee0: 7572 204f 5327 7320 726f 6f74 2070 6172 ur OS's root par\n-0002eef0: 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tition:.. \n-0002ef00: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2063 6174 202f 6574 grub> cat /et\n-0002ef10: 632f 6673 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 c/fstab.. If\n-0002ef20: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 646f 73e2 8099 the ...--dos...\n-0002ef30: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c option is used,\n-0002ef40: 2074 6865 6e20 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 then carriage r\n-0002ef50: 6574 7572 6e20 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 eturn / new line\n-0002ef60: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6972 7320 7769 6c6c . pairs will\n-0002ef70: 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 be displayed as\n-0002ef80: 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 a simple new li\n-0002ef90: 6e65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 ne. Otherwise, \n-0002efa0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 the. carriag\n-0002efb0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 e return will be\n-0002efc0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 displayed as a \n-0002efd0: 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 control characte\n-0002efe0: 7220 28e2 8098 3c64 3ee2 8099 2920 746f r (......) to\n-0002eff0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 6561 . make it ea\n-0002f000: 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7768 656e sier to see when\n-0002f010: 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2061 boot problems a\n-0002f020: 7265 2063 6175 7365 6420 6279 2061 2066 re caused by a f\n-0002f030: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 ile. formatt\n-0002f040: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4f53 2d73 7479 ed using DOS-sty\n-0002f050: 6c65 206c 696e 6520 656e 6469 6e67 732e le line endings.\n-0002f060: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 20e2 8098 .. Note: ...\n-0002f070: 6361 74e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 cat... can be us\n-0002f080: 6564 2074 6f20 7669 6577 2074 6865 2063 ed to view the c\n-0002f090: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6576 6963 ontents of devic\n-0002f0a0: 6573 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 es using the. \n-0002f0b0: 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e block list syn\n-0002f0c0: 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b tax (*note Block\n-0002f0d0: 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e list syntax::).\n-0002f0e0: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 6973 However, it is\n-0002f0f0: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7669 7365 not. advise\n-0002f100: 6420 746f 2076 6965 7720 6269 6e61 7279 d to view binary\n-0002f110: 2064 6174 6120 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 data because it\n-0002f120: 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2064 6563 will try to dec\n-0002f130: 6f64 6520 5554 462d 380a 2020 2020 2073 ode UTF-8. s\n-0002f140: 7472 696e 6773 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 trings, which ca\n-0002f150: 6e20 6c65 6164 2074 6f20 736f 6d65 2062 n lead to some b\n-0002f160: 7974 6573 206d 6973 7369 6e67 206f 7220 ytes missing or \n-0002f170: 6164 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 added in the. \n-0002f180: 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 output. Inste\n-0002f190: 6164 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 9868 ad, use the ...h\n-0002f1a0: 6578 6475 6d70 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e exdump... comman\n-0002f1b0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6578 6475 6d70 d (*note hexdump\n-0002f1c0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-0002f1d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002f1e0: 636c 6561 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d clear, Next: cm\n-0002f1f0: 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 osclean, Prev: \n-0002f200: 6361 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e cat, Up: Comman\n-0002f210: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0002f220: 0a31 372e 342e 3130 2063 6c65 6172 0a2d .17.4.10 clear.-\n-0002f230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002f240: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6c65 6172 - Command: clear\n-0002f250: 0a20 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 . Clear the \n-0002f260: 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a screen.....File:\n-0002f270: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002f280: 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 204e e: cmosclean, N\n-0002f290: 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 ext: cmosdump, \n-0002f2a0: 5072 6576 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 5570 Prev: clear, Up\n-0002f2b0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002f2c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3131 ommands..17.4.11\n-0002f2d0: 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d cmosclean.-----\n-0002f2e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002f2f0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 - Command: cmosc\n-0002f300: 6c65 616e 2062 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 lean byte:bit. \n-0002f310: 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2076 616c 7565 206f Clear value o\n-0002f320: 6620 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 f bit in CMOS at\n-0002f330: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 location BYTE:B\n-0002f340: 4954 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e IT. This comman\n-0002f350: 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 d is. availa\n-0002f360: 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 ble only on plat\n-0002f370: 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f forms that suppo\n-0002f380: 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rt CMOS.....File\n-0002f390: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002f3a0: 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 204e de: cmosdump, N\n-0002f3b0: 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 ext: cmostest, \n-0002f3c0: 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c Prev: cmosclean,\n-0002f3d0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002f3e0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0002f3f0: 342e 3132 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 700a 2d2d 4.12 cmosdump.--\n-0002f400: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002f410: 202d 2d20 4475 6d70 3a20 434d 4f53 2063 -- Dump: CMOS c\n-0002f420: 6f6e 7465 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2044 756d ontents. Dum\n-0002f430: 7020 6675 6c6c 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 p full CMOS cont\n-0002f440: 656e 7473 2061 7320 6865 7861 6465 6369 ents as hexadeci\n-0002f450: 6d61 6c20 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2054 6869 mal values. Thi\n-0002f460: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 s command is. \n-0002f470: 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 available only\n-0002f480: 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 on platforms th\n-0002f490: 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e at support CMOS.\n-0002f4a0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002f4b0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 nfo, Node: cmos\n-0002f4c0: 7465 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d70 test, Next: cmp\n-0002f4d0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d , Prev: cmosdum\n-0002f4e0: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d p, Up: Command-\n-0002f4f0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0002f500: 372e 342e 3133 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 7.4.13 cmostest.\n-0002f510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002f520: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n-0002f530: 6d6f 7374 6573 7420 6279 7465 3a62 6974 mostest byte:bit\n-0002f540: 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2076 616c 7565 . Test value\n-0002f550: 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 of bit in CMOS \n-0002f560: 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 at location BYTE\n-0002f570: 3a42 4954 2e20 2045 7869 7420 7374 6174 :BIT. Exit stat\n-0002f580: 7573 2069 730a 2020 2020 207a 6572 6f20 us is. zero \n-0002f590: 6966 2062 6974 2069 7320 7365 742c 206e if bit is set, n\n-0002f5a0: 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 on zero otherwis\n-0002f5b0: 652e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e. This command\n-0002f5c0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 650a 2020 is available. \n-0002f5d0: 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 only on platf\n-0002f5e0: 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 orms that suppor\n-0002f5f0: 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a t CMOS.....File:\n-0002f600: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002f610: 653a 2063 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 e: cmp, Next: c\n-0002f620: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 onfigfile, Prev\n-0002f630: 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a : cmostest, Up:\n-0002f640: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0002f650: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3420 mmands..17.4.14 \n-0002f660: 636d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a cmp.-----------.\n-0002f670: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d . -- Command: cm\n-0002f680: 7020 5b2d 765d 2066 696c 6531 2066 696c p [-v] file1 fil\n-0002f690: 6532 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 6172 6520 e2. Compare \n-0002f6a0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4531 2077 the file FILE1 w\n-0002f6b0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c ith the file FIL\n-0002f6c0: 4532 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6579 2061 7265 E2. If they are\n-0002f6d0: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c 790a 2020 2020 completely. \n-0002f6e0: 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 identical, ...$\n-0002f6f0: 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 ?... will be set\n-0002f700: 2074 6f20 302e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 to 0. Otherwis\n-0002f710: 652c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 e, if the files \n-0002f720: 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 are not. ide\n-0002f730: 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 ntical, ...$?...\n-0002f740: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 will be set to \n-0002f750: 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e a nonzero value.\n-0002f760: 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c .. By defaul\n-0002f770: 7420 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 t nothing will b\n-0002f780: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6620 7468 e output. If th\n-0002f790: 6520 e280 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 e ...-v... is us\n-0002f7a0: 6564 2c20 7665 7262 6f73 650a 2020 2020 ed, verbose. \n-0002f7b0: 206d 6f64 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 mode is enabled\n-0002f7c0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 206d 6f64 6520 . In this mode \n-0002f7d0: 7768 656e 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6669 when when the fi\n-0002f7e0: 6c65 7320 6469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 les differ in si\n-0002f7f0: 7a65 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 ze,. print t\n-0002f800: 6865 2073 697a 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 he sizes like th\n-0002f810: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 is:.. D\n-0002f820: 6966 6665 7220 696e 2073 697a 653a 2030 iffer in size: 0\n-0002f830: 7831 3233 3420 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7834 x1234 [foo], 0x4\n-0002f840: 3332 3120 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 321 [bar].. \n-0002f850: 4966 2074 6865 2073 697a 6573 2061 7265 If the sizes are\n-0002f860: 2065 7175 616c 2062 7574 2074 6865 2062 equal but the b\n-0002f870: 7974 6573 2061 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 ytes at an offse\n-0002f880: 7420 6469 6666 6572 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 t differ, then. \n-0002f890: 2020 2020 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6279 print the by\n-0002f8a0: 7465 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a tes like this:..\n-0002f8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 Differ\n-0002f8c0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 2037 at the offset 7\n-0002f8d0: 3737 3a20 3078 6265 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 77: 0xbe [foo], \n-0002f8e0: 3078 6566 205b 6261 725d 0a0a 1f0a 4669 0xef [bar]....Fi\n-0002f8f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002f900: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 Node: configfile\n-0002f910: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 , Next: cpuid, \n-0002f920: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 703a Prev: cmp, Up:\n-0002f930: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0002f940: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3520 mmands..17.4.15 \n-0002f950: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d configfile.-----\n-0002f960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002f970: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636f 6e66 -- Command: conf\n-0002f980: 6967 6669 6c65 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 igfile file. \n-0002f990: 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 Load FILE as a \n-0002f9a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-0002f9b0: 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 4649 4c45 2064 6566 le. If FILE def\n-0002f9c0: 696e 6573 2061 6e79 206d 656e 750a 2020 ines any menu. \n-0002f9d0: 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 7468 656e entries, then\n-0002f9e0: 2073 686f 7720 6120 6d65 6e75 2063 6f6e show a menu con\n-0002f9f0: 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 6d6d taining them imm\n-0002fa00: 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 ediately. Any. \n-0002fa10: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n-0002fa20: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 variable changes\n-0002fa30: 206d 6164 6520 6279 2074 6865 2063 6f6d made by the com\n-0002fa40: 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 mands in FILE wi\n-0002fa50: 6c6c 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2070 ll not. be p\n-0002fa60: 7265 7365 7276 6564 2061 6674 6572 20e2 reserved after .\n-0002fa70: 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 ..configfile... \n-0002fa80: 7265 7475 726e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 returns.....File\n-0002fa90: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002faa0: 6465 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 de: cpuid, Next\n-0002fab0: 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f : crc, Prev: co\n-0002fac0: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 nfigfile, Up: C\n-0002fad0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0002fae0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3620 6370 ands..17.4.16 cp\n-0002faf0: 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d uid.------------\n-0002fb00: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002fb10: 6370 7569 6420 5b2d 6c5d 205b 2d70 5d0a cpuid [-l] [-p].\n-0002fb20: 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2043 Check for C\n-0002fb30: 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 5468 PU features. Th\n-0002fb40: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e is command is on\n-0002fb50: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n-0002fb60: 7838 360a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 x86. systems\n-0002fb70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 ... With the\n-0002fb80: 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-l... option\n-0002fb90: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 , return true if\n-0002fba0: 2074 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 the CPU support\n-0002fbb0: 7320 6c6f 6e67 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 s long mode. \n-0002fbc0: 2028 3634 2d62 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 (64-bit)... \n-0002fbd0: 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 With the ...-p.\n-0002fbe0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 .. option, retur\n-0002fbf0: 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 n true if the CP\n-0002fc00: 5520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2050 6879 7369 U supports Physi\n-0002fc10: 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 cal. Address\n-0002fc20: 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 Extension (PAE)\n-0002fc30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b ... If invok\n-0002fc40: 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f ed without optio\n-0002fc50: 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ns, this command\n-0002fc60: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 6176 currently behav\n-0002fc70: 6573 2061 7320 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 es as if it. \n-0002fc80: 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 had been invoke\n-0002fc90: 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 992e d with ...-l....\n-0002fca0: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 This may chang\n-0002fcb0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e e in the future.\n-0002fcc0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002fcd0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 632c nfo, Node: crc,\n-0002fce0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f Next: cryptomo\n-0002fcf0: 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6370 7569 unt, Prev: cpui\n-0002fd00: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d d, Up: Command-\n-0002fd10: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0002fd20: 372e 342e 3137 2063 7263 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.17 crc.-----\n-0002fd30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002fd40: 616e 643a 2063 7263 2061 7267 202e 2e2e and: crc arg ...\n-0002fd50: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 . Alias for \n-0002fd60: e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 ...hashsum --has\n-0002fd70: 6820 6372 6333 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 h crc32 arg ....\n-0002fd80: 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ... See command\n-0002fd90: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 ...hashsum.... \n-0002fda0: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 (*note hashs\n-0002fdb0: 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 um::) for full d\n-0002fdc0: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 escription.....F\n-0002fdd0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002fde0: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 Node: cryptomou\n-0002fdf0: 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7574 6d65 nt, Next: cutme\n-0002fe00: 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6372 632c 2020 m, Prev: crc, \n-0002fe10: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002fe20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002fe30: 3138 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 18 cryptomount.-\n-0002fe40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002fe50: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002fe60: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 205b 205b cryptomount [ [\n-0002fe70: 2d70 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d 207c 205b -p password] | [\n-0002fe80: 2d6b 206b 6579 6669 6c65 205b 2d4f 206b -k keyfile [-O k\n-0002fe90: 6579 6f66 6673 6574 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 eyoffset]. \n-0002fea0: 2020 2020 5b2d 5320 6b65 7973 697a 655d [-S keysize]\n-0002feb0: 205d 205d 205b 2d48 2066 696c 655d 2064 ] ] [-H file] d\n-0002fec0: 6576 6963 657c 2d75 2075 7569 647c 2d61 evice|-u uuid|-a\n-0002fed0: 7c2d 620a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 |-b. Setup a\n-0002fee0: 6363 6573 7320 746f 2065 6e63 7279 7074 ccess to encrypt\n-0002fef0: 6564 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4120 7061 ed device. A pa\n-0002ff00: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ssphrase will be\n-0002ff10: 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 requested. \n-0002ff20: 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c 792c 2069 interactively, i\n-0002ff30: 6620 6e65 6974 6865 7220 7468 6520 e280 f neither the ..\n-0002ff40: 982d 70e2 8099 206e 6f72 20e2 8098 2d6b .-p... nor ...-k\n-0002ff50: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 ... options are \n-0002ff60: 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 given. The. \n-0002ff70: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 option ...-p...\n-0002ff80: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n-0002ff90: 7375 7070 6c79 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 supply a passphr\n-0002ffa0: 6173 6520 2875 7365 6675 6c20 666f 720a ase (useful for.\n-0002ffb0: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 7473 292e 2020 scripts). \n-0002ffc0: 416c 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 7920 7468 Alternatively th\n-0002ffd0: 6520 e280 982d 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-k... optio\n-0002ffe0: 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f n can be used to\n-0002fff0: 2073 7570 706c 7920 610a 2020 2020 206b supply a. k\n-00030000: 6579 6669 6c65 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 eyfile with opti\n-00030010: 6f6e 7320 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 2061 6e64 ons ...-O... and\n-00030020: 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-S... option\n-00030030: 616c 6c79 2073 7570 706c 7969 6e67 2074 ally supplying t\n-00030040: 6865 206f 6666 7365 740a 2020 2020 2061 he offset. a\n-00030050: 6e64 2073 697a 652c 2072 6573 7065 6374 nd size, respect\n-00030060: 6976 656c 792c 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 ively, of the ke\n-00030070: 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6769 y data in the gi\n-00030080: 7665 6e20 6b65 7920 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 ven key file. T\n-00030090: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 48e2 8099 he. ...-H...\n-000300a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2063 616e 2062 6520 options can be \n-000300b0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2063 used to supply c\n-000300c0: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2062 6163 6b65 ryptomount backe\n-000300d0: 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 nds with an. \n-000300e0: 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2068 6561 alternative hea\n-000300f0: 6465 7220 6669 6c65 2028 616b 6120 6465 der file (aka de\n-00030100: 7461 6368 6564 2068 6561 6465 7229 2e20 tached header). \n-00030110: 204e 6f74 2061 6c6c 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 Not all backend\n-00030120: 730a 2020 2020 2068 6176 6520 6865 6164 s. have head\n-00030130: 6572 7320 6e6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ers nor support \n-00030140: 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6865 6164 alternative head\n-00030150: 6572 2066 696c 6573 2028 6375 7272 656e er files (curren\n-00030160: 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 4c55 tly only. LU\n-00030170: 4b53 3120 616e 6420 4c55 4b53 3220 7375 KS1 and LUKS2 su\n-00030180: 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656d 292e 2020 4172 pport them). Ar\n-00030190: 6775 6d65 6e74 2044 4556 4943 4520 636f gument DEVICE co\n-000301a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2073 7065 6369 6669 nfigures specifi\n-000301b0: 630a 2020 2020 2067 7275 6220 6465 7669 c. grub devi\n-000301c0: 6365 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4e61 6d69 6e67 ce (*note Naming\n-000301d0: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 3b20 convention::); \n-000301e0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 option ...-u... \n-000301f0: 5555 4944 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 UUID. config\n-00030200: 7572 6573 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 ures device with\n-00030210: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2055 5549 443b specified UUID;\n-00030220: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 61e2 8099 option ...-a...\n-00030230: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c0a configures all.\n-00030240: 2020 2020 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 656e detected en\n-00030250: 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 733b crypted devices;\n-00030260: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 62e2 8099 option ...-b...\n-00030270: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c20 configures all \n-00030280: 6765 6c69 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 geli. contai\n-00030290: 6e65 7273 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 ners that have b\n-000302a0: 6f6f 7420 666c 6167 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 oot flag set... \n-000302b0: 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 Devices are \n-000302c0: 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2062 not allowed to b\n-000302d0: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6173 206b 6579 2066 e given as key f\n-000302e0: 696c 6573 206e 6f72 2061 7320 6465 7461 iles nor as deta\n-000302f0: 6368 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6865 6164 6572 ched. header\n-00030300: 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 files. However\n-00030310: 2c20 7468 6973 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f , this limitatio\n-00030320: 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2077 6f72 6b65 6420 n can be worked \n-00030330: 6172 6f75 6e64 2062 790a 2020 2020 2075 around by. u\n-00030340: 7369 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 sing blocklist s\n-00030350: 796e 7461 782e 2020 536f 2066 6f72 2069 yntax. So for i\n-00030360: 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 nstance, ...(hd1\n-00030370: 2c67 7074 3229 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6e6f ,gpt2)... can no\n-00030380: 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 2c20 t be. used, \n-00030390: 6275 7420 e280 9828 6864 312c 6770 7432 but ...(hd1,gpt2\n-000303a0: 2930 2be2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6163 6869 )0+... will achi\n-000303b0: 6576 6520 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 eve the desired \n-000303c0: 7265 7375 6c74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 result... GR\n-000303d0: 5542 2073 7570 6f72 7473 2064 6576 6963 UB suports devic\n-000303e0: 6573 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2075 7369 es encrypted usi\n-000303f0: 6e67 204c 554b 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 ng LUKS, LUKS2 a\n-00030400: 6e64 2067 656c 692e 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 nd geli. Note. \n-00030410: 2020 2020 7468 6174 206e 6563 6573 7361 that necessa\n-00030420: 7279 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 4c55 4b53 ry modules (LUKS\n-00030430: 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 616e 6420 4745 4c49 , LUKS2 and GELI\n-00030440: 2920 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 ) have to be loa\n-00030450: 6465 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7561 6c6c ded. manuall\n-00030460: 7920 6265 666f 7265 2074 6869 7320 636f y before this co\n-00030470: 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 mmand can be use\n-00030480: 642e 2020 466f 7220 4c55 4b53 3220 6f6e d. For LUKS2 on\n-00030490: 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5042 4b44 ly the. PBKD\n-000304a0: 4632 206b 6579 2064 6572 6976 6174 696f F2 key derivatio\n-000304b0: 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 n function is su\n-000304c0: 7070 6f72 7465 642c 2061 7320 4172 676f pported, as Argo\n-000304d0: 6e32 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 740a 2020 n2 is not yet. \n-000304e0: 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 supported... \n-000304f0: 2020 2020 5375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 Successfully\n-00030500: 2064 6563 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b73 decrypted disks\n-00030510: 2061 7265 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 2863 are named as (c\n-00030520: 7279 7074 6f58 2920 616e 6420 6861 7665 ryptoX) and have\n-00030530: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6372 6561 7369 6e67 . increasing\n-00030540: 206e 756d 6572 6174 696f 6e20 7375 6666 numeration suff\n-00030550: 6978 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 6e65 7720 ix for each new \n-00030560: 6465 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 2e20 decrypted disk. \n-00030570: 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 If the. enc\n-00030580: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b20 686f 7374 rypted disk host\n-00030590: 7320 736f 6d65 2068 6967 6865 7220 6c65 s some higher le\n-000305a0: 7665 6c20 6f66 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 vel of abstracti\n-000305b0: 6f6e 2028 6c69 6b65 204c 564d 3220 6f72 on (like LVM2 or\n-000305c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d44 5241 4944 2920 6974 . MDRAID) it\n-000305d0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 will be created\n-000305e0: 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 under a separat\n-000305f0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 7061 e device namespa\n-00030600: 6365 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 ce in. addit\n-00030610: 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2063 7279 7074 ion to the crypt\n-00030620: 6f64 6973 6b20 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 652e odisk namespace.\n-00030630: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 2066 .. Support f\n-00030640: 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2065 6e63 7279 7074 or plain encrypt\n-00030650: 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2028 706c 6169 6e20 ion mode (plain \n-00030660: 646d 2d63 7279 7074 2920 6973 2070 726f dm-crypt) is pro\n-00030670: 7669 6465 6420 7669 610a 2020 2020 2073 vided via. s\n-00030680: 6570 6172 6174 6520 e280 982a 6e6f 7465 eparate ...*note\n-00030690: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3ae2 8099 plainmount::...\n-000306a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c command.....Fil\n-000306b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000306c0: 6f64 653a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 4e65 ode: cutmem, Ne\n-000306d0: 7874 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: date, Prev:\n-000306e0: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 cryptomount, U\n-000306f0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00030700: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 commands..17.4.1\n-00030710: 3920 6375 746d 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 cutmem.-------\n-00030720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00030730: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2066 726f mand: cutmem fro\n-00030740: 6d5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c m[K|M|G] to[K|M|\n-00030750: 475d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 G]. Remove a\n-00030760: 6e79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e ny memory region\n-00030770: 7320 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 s in specified r\n-00030780: 616e 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 ange... This\n-00030790: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 command notifie\n-000307a0: 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e s the memory man\n-000307b0: 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 ager that specif\n-000307c0: 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 ied regions of. \n-000307d0: 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f RAM ought to\n-000307e0: 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 be filtered out\n-000307f0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 . This remains \n-00030800: 696e 2065 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 in effect after \n-00030810: 610a 2020 2020 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b a. payload k\n-00030820: 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c ernel has been l\n-00030830: 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c 2061 oaded by GRUB, a\n-00030840: 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f s long as the lo\n-00030850: 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c aded. kernel\n-00030860: 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d obtains its mem\n-00030870: 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 ory map from GRU\n-00030880: 422e 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 B. Kernels that \n-00030890: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 0a20 2020 support this. \n-000308a0: 2020 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c include Linux,\n-000308b0: 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b GNU Mach, the k\n-000308c0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 ernel of FreeBSD\n-000308d0: 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 and Multiboot. \n-000308e0: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 kernels in g\n-000308f0: 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 eneral... Th\n-00030900: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d e command is sim\n-00030910: 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9862 6164 7261 ilar to ...badra\n-00030920: 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 m... command... \n-00030930: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f Note: The co\n-00030940: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c mmand is not all\n-00030950: 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f owed when lockdo\n-00030960: 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 wn is enforced (\n-00030970: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 *note. Lockd\n-00030980: 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 own::). This pr\n-00030990: 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 events removing \n-000309a0: 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f EFI memory regio\n-000309b0: 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e ns to. poten\n-000309c0: 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 tially subvert t\n-000309d0: 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 he security mech\n-000309e0: 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 anisms provided \n-000309f0: 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 by the UEFI. \n-00030a00: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f secure boot....\n-00030a10: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00030a20: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6174 652c 2020 , Node: date, \n-00030a30: 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 Next: devicetree\n-00030a40: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c , Prev: cutmem,\n-00030a50: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00030a60: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00030a70: 342e 3230 2064 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.20 date.------\n-00030a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00030a90: 616e 643a 2064 6174 6520 5b5b 7965 6172 and: date [[year\n-00030aa0: 2d5d 6d6f 6e74 682d 6461 795d 205b 686f -]month-day] [ho\n-00030ab0: 7572 3a6d 696e 7574 655b 3a73 6563 6f6e ur:minute[:secon\n-00030ac0: 645d 5d0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f d]]. With no\n-00030ad0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e arguments, prin\n-00030ae0: 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 t the current da\n-00030af0: 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 te and time... \n-00030b00: 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7461 Otherwise, ta\n-00030b10: 6b65 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 ke the current d\n-00030b20: 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 2c20 6368 ate and time, ch\n-00030b30: 616e 6765 2061 6e79 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 ange any element\n-00030b40: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 s. specified\n-00030b50: 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2061 as arguments, a\n-00030b60: 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c nd set the resul\n-00030b70: 7420 6173 2074 6865 206e 6577 2064 6174 t as the new dat\n-00030b80: 6520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 696d 652e e and. time.\n-00030b90: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2027 For example, '\n-00030ba0: 6461 7465 2030 312d 3031 2720 7769 6c6c date 01-01' will\n-00030bb0: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 set the current\n-00030bc0: 206d 6f6e 7468 2061 6e64 2064 6179 0a20 month and day. \n-00030bd0: 2020 2020 746f 204a 616e 7561 7279 2031 to January 1\n-00030be0: 2c20 6275 7420 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6520 , but leave the \n-00030bf0: 7965 6172 2c20 686f 7572 2c20 6d69 6e75 year, hour, minu\n-00030c00: 7465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 te, and second. \n-00030c10: 2020 2020 756e 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a0a unchanged...\n-00030c20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00030c30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 o, Node: device\n-00030c40: 7472 6565 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6973 tree, Next: dis\n-00030c50: 7472 7573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6461 trust, Prev: da\n-00030c60: 7465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 te, Up: Command\n-00030c70: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00030c80: 3137 2e34 2e32 3120 6465 7669 6365 7472 17.4.21 devicetr\n-00030c90: 6565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ee.-------------\n-00030ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00030cb0: 6e64 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2066 nd: devicetree f\n-00030cc0: 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 ile. Load a \n-00030cd0: 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 6520 626c 6f62 device tree blob\n-00030ce0: 2028 2e64 7462 2920 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 (.dtb) from a f\n-00030cf0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c ilesystem, for l\n-00030d00: 6174 6572 2075 7365 2062 790a 2020 2020 ater use by. \n-00030d10: 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e a Linux kernel.\n-00030d20: 2020 446f 6573 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f Does not perfo\n-00030d30: 726d 206d 6572 6769 6e67 2077 6974 6820 rm merging with \n-00030d40: 616e 7920 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 650a any device tree.\n-00030d50: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 6279 supplied by\n-00030d60: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 2062 7574 2072 firmware, but r\n-00030d70: 6174 6865 7220 7265 706c 6163 6573 2069 ather replaces i\n-00030d80: 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 t completely... \n-00030d90: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f Note: The co\n-00030da0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c mmand is not all\n-00030db0: 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f owed when lockdo\n-00030dc0: 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 wn is enforced (\n-00030dd0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 *note. Lockd\n-00030de0: 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 own::). This is\n-00030df0: 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 done to prevent\n-00030e00: 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 subverting vari\n-00030e10: 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 ous security. \n-00030e20: 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f mechanisms....\n-00030e30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00030e40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6973 7472 7573 , Node: distrus\n-00030e50: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6472 6976 656d t, Next: drivem\n-00030e60: 6170 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6576 6963 ap, Prev: devic\n-00030e70: 6574 7265 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d etree, Up: Comm\n-00030e80: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00030e90: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3232 2064 6973 7472 s..17.4.22 distr\n-00030ea0: 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ust.------------\n-00030eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00030ec0: 643a 2064 6973 7472 7573 7420 7075 626b d: distrust pubk\n-00030ed0: 6579 5f69 640a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 ey_id. Remov\n-00030ee0: 6520 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2050 5542 e public key PUB\n-00030ef0: 4b45 595f 4944 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 KEY_ID from GRUB\n-00030f00: 2773 206b 6579 7269 6e67 206f 6620 7472 's keyring of tr\n-00030f10: 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a 2020 2020 usted keys.. \n-00030f20: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 2069 7320 7468 PUBKEY_ID is th\n-00030f30: 6520 6c61 7374 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 e last four byte\n-00030f40: 7320 2865 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 s (eight hexadec\n-00030f50: 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 206f 6620 imal digits) of \n-00030f60: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 5047 2076 3420 the. GPG v4 \n-00030f70: 6b65 7920 6964 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 key id, which is\n-00030f80: 2061 6c73 6f20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 also the output\n-00030f90: 206f 6620 e280 986c 6973 745f 7472 7573 of ...list_trus\n-00030fa0: 7465 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ted... (*note. \n-00030fb0: 2020 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a list_trusted:\n-00030fc0: 3a29 2e20 204f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 :). Outside of \n-00030fd0: 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6964 GRUB, the key id\n-00030fe0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f62 7461 696e 6564 can be obtained\n-00030ff0: 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 using. ...g\n-00031000: 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 pg --fingerprint\n-00031010: e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 ...). These key\n-00031020: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 s are used to va\n-00031030: 6c69 6461 7465 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 lidate signature\n-00031040: 730a 2020 2020 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 s. when envi\n-00031050: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00031060: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n-00031070: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ures... is set t\n-00031080: 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a o ...enforce....\n-00031090: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 (*note chec\n-000310a0: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c k_signatures::),\n-000310b0: 2061 6e64 2062 7920 736f 6d65 2069 6e76 and by some inv\n-000310c0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 ocations of. \n-000310d0: 20e2 8098 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ...verify_detac\n-000310e0: 6865 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 hed... (*note ve\n-000310f0: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 rify_detached::)\n-00031100: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 . *Note Using d\n-00031110: 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e igital. sign\n-00031120: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f atures::, for mo\n-00031130: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a re information..\n-00031140: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00031150: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 7269 7665 fo, Node: drive\n-00031160: 6d61 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6563 686f map, Next: echo\n-00031170: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6973 7472 7573 , Prev: distrus\n-00031180: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-00031190: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-000311a0: 372e 342e 3233 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 7.4.23 drivemap.\n-000311b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000311c0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 .. -- Command: d\n-000311d0: 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c 5b2d rivemap -l|-r|[-\n-000311e0: 735d 2066 726f 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 746f s] from_drive to\n-000311f0: 5f64 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 _drive. With\n-00031200: 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 206d 6170 out options, map\n-00031210: 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2046 524f 4d5f the drive FROM_\n-00031220: 4452 4956 4520 746f 2074 6865 2064 7269 DRIVE to the dri\n-00031230: 7665 2054 4f5f 4452 4956 452e 0a20 2020 ve TO_DRIVE.. \n-00031240: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e65 6365 7373 This is necess\n-00031250: 6172 7920 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2063 6861 ary when you cha\n-00031260: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 in-load some ope\n-00031270: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 rating systems, \n-00031280: 7375 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6173 2044 4f53 such. as DOS\n-00031290: 2c20 6966 2073 7563 6820 616e 204f 5320 , if such an OS \n-000312a0: 7265 7369 6465 7320 6174 2061 206e 6f6e resides at a non\n-000312b0: 2d66 6972 7374 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2046 -first drive. F\n-000312c0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 656e 6965 or. convenie\n-000312d0: 6e63 652c 2061 6e79 2070 6172 7469 7469 nce, any partiti\n-000312e0: 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 6865 on suffix on the\n-000312f0: 2064 7269 7665 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 drive is ignore\n-00031300: 642c 2073 6f20 796f 750a 2020 2020 2063 d, so you. c\n-00031310: 616e 2073 6166 656c 7920 7573 6520 247b an safely use ${\n-00031320: 726f 6f74 7d20 6173 2061 2064 7269 7665 root} as a drive\n-00031330: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a specification..\n-00031340: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 . With the .\n-00031350: 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 ..-s... option, \n-00031360: 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7265 7665 perform the reve\n-00031370: 7273 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6720 6173 2077 rse mapping as w\n-00031380: 656c 6c2c 2073 7761 7070 696e 670a 2020 ell, swapping. \n-00031390: 2020 2074 6865 2074 776f 2064 7269 7665 the two drive\n-000313a0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 s... With th\n-000313b0: 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-l... optio\n-000313c0: 6e2c 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 n, list the curr\n-000313d0: 656e 7420 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 ent mappings... \n-000313e0: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 With the ...\n-000313f0: 2d72 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 -r... option, re\n-00031400: 7365 7420 616c 6c20 6d61 7070 696e 6773 set all mappings\n-00031410: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 to the default \n-00031420: 7661 6c75 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f values... Fo\n-00031430: 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 r example:.. \n-00031440: 2020 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d drivemap -\n-00031450: 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 s (hd0) (hd1).. \n-00031460: 2020 2020 4e4f 5445 3a20 4f6e 6c79 2061 NOTE: Only a\n-00031470: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6933 3836 vailable on i386\n-00031480: 2d70 632e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 -pc.....File: gr\n-00031490: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000314a0: 6563 686f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 6669 echo, Next: efi\n-000314b0: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a textmode, Prev:\n-000314c0: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 drivemap, Up: \n-000314d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-000314e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3234 2065 mands..17.4.24 e\n-000314f0: 6368 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cho.------------\n-00031500: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 .. -- Command: e\n-00031510: 6368 6f20 5b2d 6e5d 205b 2d65 5d20 7374 cho [-n] [-e] st\n-00031520: 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 ring .... Di\n-00031530: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 7175 6573 splay the reques\n-00031540: 7465 6420 7465 7874 2061 6e64 2c20 756e ted text and, un\n-00031550: 6c65 7373 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 less the ...-n..\n-00031560: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 . option is used\n-00031570: 2c20 610a 2020 2020 2074 7261 696c 696e , a. trailin\n-00031580: 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 g new line. If \n-00031590: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7468 there is more th\n-000315a0: 616e 206f 6e65 2073 7472 696e 672c 2074 an one string, t\n-000315b0: 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 6570 hey are. sep\n-000315c0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 arated by spaces\n-000315d0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 in the output. \n-000315e0: 2041 7320 7573 7561 6c20 696e 2047 5255 As usual in GRU\n-000315f0: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c0a 2020 2020 B commands,. \n-00031600: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 206d 6179 2062 variables may b\n-00031610: 6520 7375 6273 7469 7475 7465 6420 7573 e substituted us\n-00031620: 696e 6720 e280 9824 7b76 6172 7de2 8099 ing ...${var}...\n-00031630: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n-00031640: 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 656e 6162 e... option enab\n-00031650: 6c65 7320 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 les interpretati\n-00031660: 6f6e 206f 6620 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 on of backslash \n-00031670: 6573 6361 7065 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 escapes. The. \n-00031680: 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6571 following seq\n-00031690: 7565 6e63 6573 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 uences are recog\n-000316a0: 6e69 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 nised:.. ...\n-000316b0: 5c5c e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\\\.... \n-000316c0: 6261 636b 736c 6173 680a 0a20 2020 2020 backslash.. \n-000316d0: e280 985c 61e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ...\\a.... \n-000316e0: 2020 2061 6c65 7274 2028 4245 4c29 0a0a alert (BEL)..\n-000316f0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c63 e280 990a 2020 ...\\c.... \n-00031700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 7070 7265 7373 suppress\n-00031710: 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 trailing new li\n-00031720: 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c66 e280 ne.. ...\\f..\n-00031730: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d .. form\n-00031740: 2066 6565 640a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c feed.. ...\\\n-00031750: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n.... n\n-00031760: 6577 206c 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ew line.. ..\n-00031770: 985c 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .\\r.... \n-00031780: 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e carriage return\n-00031790: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c74 e280 990a .. ...\\t....\n-000317a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 686f 7269 7a6f horizo\n-000317b0: 6e74 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 ntal tab.. .\n-000317c0: 8098 5c76 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\v.... \n-000317d0: 2020 7665 7274 6963 616c 2074 6162 0a0a vertical tab..\n-000317e0: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 696e 7465 7270 When interp\n-000317f0: 7265 7469 6e67 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 reting backslash\n-00031800: 2065 7363 6170 6573 2c20 6261 636b 736c escapes, backsl\n-00031810: 6173 6820 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 ash followed by \n-00031820: 616e 790a 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2063 any. other c\n-00031830: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7072 haracter will pr\n-00031840: 696e 7420 7468 6174 2063 6861 7261 6374 int that charact\n-00031850: 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 er.....File: gru\n-00031860: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 b.info, Node: e\n-00031870: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 fitextmode, Nex\n-00031880: 743a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: eval, Prev: \n-00031890: 6563 686f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 echo, Up: Comma\n-000318a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-000318b0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3520 6566 6974 6578 ..17.4.25 efitex\n-000318c0: 746d 6f64 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tmode.----------\n-000318d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-000318e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d ommand: efitextm\n-000318f0: 6f64 6520 5b6d 696e 207c 206d 6178 207c ode [min | max |\n-00031900: 203c 6d6f 6465 5f6e 756d 3e20 7c20 3c63 | ]. \n-00031920: 2020 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 When used with\n-00031930: 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6469 no arguments di\n-00031940: 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c splays all avail\n-00031950: 6162 6c65 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 able text output\n-00031960: 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 5468 . modes. Th\n-00031970: 6520 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 2064 6574 6572 e set mode deter\n-00031980: 6d69 6e65 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e mines the column\n-00031990: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 s and rows of th\n-000319a0: 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 e text. disp\n-000319b0: 6c61 7920 7768 656e 2069 6e20 7465 7874 lay when in text\n-000319c0: 206d 6f64 652e 2020 416e 2061 7374 6572 mode. An aster\n-000319d0: 6973 6b2c 20e2 8098 2ae2 8099 2c20 7769 isk, ...*..., wi\n-000319e0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 ll be at the end\n-000319f0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e of. the lin\n-00031a00: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 e of the current\n-00031a10: 6c79 2073 6574 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 ly set mode... \n-00031a20: 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7369 If given a si\n-00031a30: 6e67 6c65 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 ngle parameter, \n-00031a40: 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 20e2 8098 6d69 it must be ...mi\n-00031a50: 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6178 e280 992c n..., ...max...,\n-00031a60: 206f 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 or a mode. \n-00031a70: 6e75 6d62 6572 2067 6976 656e 2062 7920 number given by \n-00031a80: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7768 656e the listing when\n-00031a90: 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 run with no arg\n-00031aa0: 756d 656e 7473 2e20 2054 6865 7365 0a20 uments. These. \n-00031ab0: 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7365 arguments se\n-00031ac0: 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 2074 6f20 7468 t the mode to th\n-00031ad0: 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 206d 6178 696d e minimum, maxim\n-00031ae0: 756d 2c20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6963 756c um, and particul\n-00031af0: 6172 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 ar mode. res\n-00031b00: 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 pectively... \n-00031b10: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 Otherwise, the \n-00031b20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 command must be \n-00031b30: 6769 7665 6e20 7477 6f20 6e75 6d65 7269 given two numeri\n-00031b40: 6361 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 cal arguments. \n-00031b50: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 specifying th\n-00031b60: 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f e columns and ro\n-00031b70: 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 ws of the desire\n-00031b80: 6420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 d mode. Specify\n-00031b90: 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 756d ing a. colum\n-00031ba0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 636f 6d62 ns and rows comb\n-00031bb0: 696e 6174 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2063 6f72 ination that cor\n-00031bc0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 6e6f 2073 responds to no s\n-00031bd0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 652c 0a20 upported mode,. \n-00031be0: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 will return \n-00031bf0: 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 206f 7468 6572 error, but other\n-00031c00: 7769 7365 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 wise have no eff\n-00031c10: 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 ect... By de\n-00031c20: 6661 756c 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 fault GRUB will \n-00031c30: 7374 6172 7420 696e 2077 6861 7465 7665 start in whateve\n-00031c40: 7220 6d6f 6465 2074 6865 2045 4649 2066 r mode the EFI f\n-00031c50: 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 irmware. def\n-00031c60: 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2e20 2054 6865 7265 aults to. There\n-00031c70: 2061 7265 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 206b are firmwares k\n-00031c80: 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7570 2074 nown to set up t\n-00031c90: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6f64 650a he default mode.\n-00031ca0: 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 206f such that o\n-00031cb0: 7574 7075 7420 6265 6861 7665 7320 7374 utput behaves st\n-00031cc0: 7261 6e67 656c 792c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 rangely, for exa\n-00031cd0: 6d70 6c65 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 mple the cursor \n-00031ce0: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 in the. GRUB\n-00031cf0: 2073 6865 6c6c 206e 6576 6572 2072 6561 shell never rea\n-00031d00: 6368 6573 2074 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 ches the bottom \n-00031d10: 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 of the screen or\n-00031d20: 2c20 7768 656e 2074 7970 696e 670a 2020 , when typing. \n-00031d30: 2020 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6174 characters at\n-00031d40: 2074 6865 2070 726f 6d70 742c 2063 6861 the prompt, cha\n-00031d50: 7261 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 racters from pre\n-00031d60: 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6f75 vious command ou\n-00031d70: 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6f76 tput. are ov\n-00031d80: 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e2e 2020 5365 7474 erwritten. Sett\n-00031d90: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 206d 6179 ing the mode may\n-00031da0: 2066 6978 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 fix this... \n-00031db0: 2054 6865 2045 4649 2073 7065 6369 6669 The EFI specifi\n-00031dc0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 cation says that\n-00031dd0: 206d 6f64 6520 3020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 mode 0 must be \n-00031de0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 616e 6420 6861 available and ha\n-00031df0: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 ve. columns \n-00031e00: 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 and rows of 80 a\n-00031e10: 6e64 2032 3520 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 nd 25 respective\n-00031e20: 6c79 2e20 204d 6f64 6520 3120 6d61 7920 ly. Mode 1 may \n-00031e30: 6265 2064 6566 696e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 be defined. \n-00031e40: 616e 6420 6966 2073 6f20 6d75 7374 2068 and if so must h\n-00031e50: 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 ave columns and \n-00031e60: 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2035 rows of 80 and 5\n-00031e70: 3020 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0 respectively..\n-00031e80: 2020 2020 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d Any other m\n-00031e90: 6f64 6573 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 636f odes may have co\n-00031ea0: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2061 lumns and rows a\n-00031eb0: 7262 6974 7261 7269 6c79 2064 6566 696e rbitrarily defin\n-00031ec0: 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 ed by. the f\n-00031ed0: 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d irmware. This m\n-00031ee0: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6120 6d6f 6465 eans that a mode\n-00031ef0: 2077 6974 6820 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e with columns an\n-00031f00: 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3130 300a 2020 d rows of 100. \n-00031f10: 2020 2061 6e64 2033 3120 6f6e 206f 6e65 and 31 on one\n-00031f20: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 7920 6265 firmware may be\n-00031f30: 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 a different mod\n-00031f40: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6e20 610a 2020 e number on a. \n-00031f50: 2020 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 different fir\n-00031f60: 6d77 6172 6520 6f72 206e 6f74 2065 7869 mware or not exi\n-00031f70: 7374 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 2020 4c69 6b65 st at all. Like\n-00031f80: 7769 7365 2c20 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 wise, mode numbe\n-00031f90: 7220 3220 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6520 r 2 on. one \n-00031fa0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 206d 6179 2068 6176 firmware may hav\n-00031fb0: 6520 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6e75 e a different nu\n-00031fc0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 mber of columns \n-00031fd0: 616e 6420 726f 7773 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 and rows than. \n-00031fe0: 2020 206d 6f64 6520 3220 6f6e 2061 2064 mode 2 on a d\n-00031ff0: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 ifferent firmwar\n-00032000: 652e 2020 536f 206f 6e65 2073 686f 756c e. So one shoul\n-00032010: 6420 6e6f 7420 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 610a d not rely on a.\n-00032020: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 particular \n-00032030: 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f72 2061 mode number or a\n-00032040: 206d 6f64 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6572 7461 mode of a certa\n-00032050: 696e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c in number of col\n-00032060: 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 726f umns and. ro\n-00032070: 7773 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 ws existing on a\n-00032080: 6c6c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 2c20 6578 ll firmwares, ex\n-00032090: 6365 7074 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 6520 302e cept for mode 0.\n-000320a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 .. Note: Thi\n-000320b0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c s command is onl\n-000320c0: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2045 y available on E\n-000320d0: 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 6e64 FI platforms and\n-000320e0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 696d 696c 6172 is. similar\n-000320f0: 2074 6f20 4546 4920 7368 656c 6c20 226d to EFI shell \"m\n-00032100: 6f64 6522 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f ode\" command....\n-00032110: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00032120: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 , Node: eval, \n-00032130: 4e65 7874 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2050 Next: export, P\n-00032140: 7265 763a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 rev: efitextmode\n-00032150: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00032160: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00032170: 2e34 2e32 3620 6576 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.26 eval.-----\n-00032180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00032190: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6576 616c 2073 7472 696e mand: eval strin\n-000321a0: 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6361 g .... Conca\n-000321b0: 7465 6e61 7465 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 tenate arguments\n-000321c0: 2074 6f67 6574 6865 7220 7573 696e 6720 together using \n-000321d0: 7369 6e67 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2061 7320 single space as \n-000321e0: 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 616e 640a 2020 separator and. \n-000321f0: 2020 2065 7661 6c75 6174 6520 7265 7375 evaluate resu\n-00032200: 6c74 2061 7320 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f lt as sequence o\n-00032210: 6620 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e f GRUB commands.\n-00032220: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00032230: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f nfo, Node: expo\n-00032240: 7274 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c 7365 rt, Next: false\n-00032250: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 , Prev: eval, \n-00032260: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00032270: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00032280: 3237 2065 7870 6f72 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 27 export.------\n-00032290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-000322a0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7870 6f72 7420 656e mmand: export en\n-000322b0: 7676 6172 0a20 2020 2020 4578 706f 7274 vvar. Export\n-000322c0: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n-000322d0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 variable ENVVAR\n-000322e0: 2e20 2045 7870 6f72 7465 6420 7661 7269 . Exported vari\n-000322f0: 6162 6c65 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2076 ables are. v\n-00032300: 6973 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 6273 6964 isible to subsid\n-00032310: 6961 7279 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 iary configurati\n-00032320: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 206c 6f61 6465 6420 on files loaded \n-00032330: 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f using. ...co\n-00032340: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a nfigfile........\n-00032350: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00032360: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 Node: false, \n-00032370: 4e65 7874 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 Next: fwsetup, \n-00032380: 5072 6576 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2055 Prev: export, U\n-00032390: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000323a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n-000323b0: 3820 6661 6c73 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 false.--------\n-000323c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-000323d0: 6e64 3a20 6661 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2044 nd: false. D\n-000323e0: 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2075 6e73 7563 o nothing, unsuc\n-000323f0: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 cessfully. This\n-00032400: 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 is mainly usefu\n-00032410: 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 l in control. \n-00032420: 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 constructs suc\n-00032430: 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e h as ...if... an\n-00032440: 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a d ...while... (*\n-00032450: 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 note Shell-like \n-00032460: 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f scripting::)....\n-00032470: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00032480: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 7773 6574 7570 , Node: fwsetup\n-00032490: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6462 696e 666f , Next: gdbinfo\n-000324a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 , Prev: false, \n-000324b0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-000324c0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-000324d0: 2e32 3920 6677 7365 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d .29 fwsetup.----\n-000324e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-000324f0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6677 7365 7475 Command: fwsetu\n-00032500: 7020 5b2d 2d69 732d 7375 7070 6f72 7465 p [--is-supporte\n-00032510: 645d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2069 d]. Reboot i\n-00032520: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 nto the firmware\n-00032530: 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 setup menu. If\n-00032540: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 706f 7274 ...--is-support\n-00032550: 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a ed... option is.\n-00032560: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 specified, \n-00032570: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6368 6563 6b20 7768 instead check wh\n-00032580: 6574 6865 7220 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 ether the firmwa\n-00032590: 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6120 7365 re supports a se\n-000325a0: 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 616e tup menu. an\n-000325b0: 6420 6578 6974 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 d exit successfu\n-000325c0: 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 lly if so.....Fi\n-000325d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000325e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 Node: gdbinfo, \n-000325f0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 Next: gettext, \n-00032600: 5072 6576 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 Prev: fwsetup, \n-00032610: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00032620: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00032630: 3330 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 30 gdbinfo.-----\n-00032640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00032650: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 6462 696e 666f Command: gdbinfo\n-00032660: 0a20 2020 2020 4f75 7470 7574 2074 6578 . Output tex\n-00032670: 7420 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 t to be used as \n-00032680: 6120 4744 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 666f a GDB command fo\n-00032690: 7220 6120 4744 4220 7365 7373 696f 6e20 r a GDB session \n-000326a0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2067 using the. g\n-000326b0: 6462 5f67 7275 6220 7363 7269 7074 2061 db_grub script a\n-000326c0: 6e64 2061 7474 6163 6865 6420 746f 2061 nd attached to a\n-000326d0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e running GRUB in\n-000326e0: 7374 616e 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2047 4442 stance. The GDB\n-000326f0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7468 . command th\n-00032700: 6174 2069 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2077 696c at is output wil\n-00032710: 6c20 7465 6c6c 2047 4442 2068 6f77 2074 l tell GDB how t\n-00032720: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 o load debugging\n-00032730: 2073 796d 626f 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 746f symbols. to\n-00032740: 2074 6865 6972 2070 726f 7065 7220 7275 their proper ru\n-00032750: 6e74 696d 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 ntime address. \n-00032760: 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6973 2069 Currently this i\n-00032770: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n-00032780: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 4546 4920 706c . for EFI pl\n-00032790: 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5365 6520 7468 atforms. See th\n-000327a0: 6520 4465 6275 6767 696e 6720 696e 2074 e Debugging in t\n-000327b0: 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 0a20 2020 he developer. \n-000327c0: 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 documentation \n-000327d0: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more informa\n-000327e0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-000327f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00032800: 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 204e 6578 743a gettext, Next:\n-00032810: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2050 7265 763a gptsync, Prev:\n-00032820: 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 gdbinfo, Up: C\n-00032830: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00032840: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3120 6765 ands..17.4.31 ge\n-00032850: 7474 6578 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ttext.----------\n-00032860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00032870: 6e64 3a20 6765 7474 6578 7420 7374 7269 nd: gettext stri\n-00032880: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 ng. Translat\n-00032890: 6520 5354 5249 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 e STRING into th\n-000328a0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 e current langua\n-000328b0: 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 ge... The cu\n-000328c0: 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 rrent language c\n-000328d0: 6f64 6520 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e ode is stored in\n-000328e0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c61 6e67 e280 9920 the ...lang... \n-000328f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 variable in. \n-00032900: 2047 5255 4227 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d GRUB's environm\n-00032910: 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 616e 673a ent (*note lang:\n-00032920: 3a29 2e20 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e :). Translation\n-00032930: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 files in MO for\n-00032940: 6d61 740a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2072 6561 mat. are rea\n-00032950: 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6c6f 6361 6c65 d from ...locale\n-00032960: 5f64 6972 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 206c _dir... (*note l\n-00032970: 6f63 616c 655f 6469 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 ocale_dir::), us\n-00032980: 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 ually. .../b\n-00032990: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 oot/grub/locale.\n-000329a0: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n-000329b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 b.info, Node: g\n-000329c0: 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 ptsync, Next: h\n-000329d0: 616c 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6765 7474 alt, Prev: gett\n-000329e0: 6578 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ext, Up: Comman\n-000329f0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00032a00: 0a31 372e 342e 3332 2067 7074 7379 6e63 .17.4.32 gptsync\n-00032a10: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00032a20: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 .. -- Command: g\n-00032a30: 7074 7379 6e63 2064 6576 6963 6520 5b70 ptsync device [p\n-00032a40: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 5b2b 2f2d 5b74 7970 artition[+/-[typ\n-00032a50: 655d 5d5d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 e]]] .... Di\n-00032a60: 736b 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4755 sks using the GU\n-00032a70: 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 ID Partition Tab\n-00032a80: 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2061 6c73 6f20 6861 le (GPT) also ha\n-00032a90: 7665 2061 206c 6567 6163 790a 2020 2020 ve a legacy. \n-00032aa0: 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 Master Boot Rec\n-00032ab0: 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 7061 7274 6974 ord (MBR) partit\n-00032ac0: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 636f ion table for co\n-00032ad0: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 mpatibility with\n-00032ae0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2061 the. BIOS a\n-00032af0: 6e64 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 6f70 nd with older op\n-00032b00: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732e erating systems.\n-00032b10: 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d 4252 The legacy MBR\n-00032b20: 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2072 can only. r\n-00032b30: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2061 206c 696d 6974 epresent a limit\n-00032b40: 6564 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2047 5054 ed subset of GPT\n-00032b50: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 7269 partition entri\n-00032b60: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 es... This c\n-00032b70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2070 6f70 756c 6174 6573 ommand populates\n-00032b80: 2074 6865 206c 6567 6163 7920 4d42 5220 the legacy MBR \n-00032b90: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 with the specifi\n-00032ba0: 6564 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 0a20 2020 ed PARTITION. \n-00032bb0: 2020 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2044 4556 entries on DEV\n-00032bc0: 4943 452e 2020 5570 2074 6f20 7468 7265 ICE. Up to thre\n-00032bd0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206d 6179 e partitions may\n-00032be0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 be used... \n-00032bf0: 5459 5045 2069 7320 616e 204d 4252 2070 TYPE is an MBR p\n-00032c00: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f artition type co\n-00032c10: 6465 3b20 7072 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 de; prefix with \n-00032c20: e280 9830 78e2 8099 2069 6620 796f 7520 ...0x... if you \n-00032c30: 7761 6e74 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 want to. ent\n-00032c40: 6572 2074 6869 7320 696e 2068 6578 6164 er this in hexad\n-00032c50: 6563 696d 616c 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6570 ecimal. The sep\n-00032c60: 6172 6174 6f72 2062 6574 7765 656e 2050 arator between P\n-00032c70: 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 ARTITION and. \n-00032c80: 2020 5459 5045 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 TYPE may be ..\n-00032c90: 982b e280 9920 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 .+... to make th\n-00032ca0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6163 7469 e partition acti\n-00032cb0: 7665 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2074 ve, or ...-... t\n-00032cc0: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 o make it. i\n-00032cd0: 6e61 6374 6976 653b 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e nactive; only on\n-00032ce0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 e partition may \n-00032cf0: 6265 2061 6374 6976 652e 2020 4966 2062 be active. If b\n-00032d00: 6f74 6820 7468 6520 7365 7061 7261 746f oth the separato\n-00032d10: 720a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 7970 6520 r. and type \n-00032d20: 6172 6520 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 are omitted, the\n-00032d30: 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 n the partition \n-00032d40: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 6163 7469 7665 will be inactive\n-00032d50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00032d60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 616c info, Node: hal\n-00032d70: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6861 7368 7375 t, Next: hashsu\n-00032d80: 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6770 7473 796e m, Prev: gptsyn\n-00032d90: 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d c, Up: Command-\n-00032da0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00032db0: 372e 342e 3333 2068 616c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.33 halt.----\n-00032dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00032dd0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 616c 7420 5b2d 2d6e mmand: halt [--n\n-00032de0: 6f2d 6170 6d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 o-apm]. The \n-00032df0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6861 6c74 7320 7468 command halts th\n-00032e00: 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e20 204f 6e20 e computer. On \n-00032e10: 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 6320 7461 7267 the i386-pc targ\n-00032e20: 6574 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 et, the. ...\n-00032e30: 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d e280 9920 6f70 7469 --no-apm... opti\n-00032e40: 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2073 686f 7274 20e2 8098 on, or short ...\n-00032e50: 2d6e e280 992c 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 -n..., is specif\n-00032e60: 6965 642c 206e 6f20 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 ied, no APM BIOS\n-00032e70: 2063 616c 6c20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7065 call is. pe\n-00032e80: 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 rformed. Otherw\n-00032e90: 6973 652c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 ise, the compute\n-00032ea0: 7220 6973 2073 6875 7420 646f 776e 2075 r is shut down u\n-00032eb0: 7369 6e67 2041 504d 206f 6e20 7468 6174 sing APM on that\n-00032ec0: 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 2e0a 0a1f . target....\n-00032ed0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00032ee0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d , Node: hashsum\n-00032ef0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 656c 702c 2020 , Next: help, \n-00032f00: 5072 6576 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2055 703a Prev: halt, Up:\n-00032f10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00032f20: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3420 mmands..17.4.34 \n-00032f30: 6861 7368 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hashsum.--------\n-00032f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00032f50: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d mand: hashsum --\n-00032f60: 6861 7368 2068 6173 6820 2d2d 6b65 6570 hash hash --keep\n-00032f70: 2d67 6f69 6e67 202d 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 -going --uncompr\n-00032f80: 6573 7320 2d2d 6368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 ess --check file\n-00032f90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7072 . [--pr\n-00032fa0: 6566 6978 2064 6972 5d7c 6669 6c65 202e efix dir]|file .\n-00032fb0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 ... Compute \n-00032fc0: 6f72 2076 6572 6966 7920 6669 6c65 2068 or verify file h\n-00032fd0: 6173 6865 732e 2020 4861 7368 2074 7970 ashes. Hash typ\n-00032fe0: 6520 6973 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7769 e is selected wi\n-00032ff0: 7468 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 th option. .\n-00033000: 8098 2d2d 6861 7368 e280 992e 2020 5375 ..--hash.... Su\n-00033010: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6861 7368 6573 2061 pported hashes a\n-00033020: 7265 3a20 e280 9861 646c 6572 3332 e280 re: ...adler32..\n-00033030: 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6336 34e2 8099 2c20 ., ...crc64..., \n-00033040: e280 9863 7263 3332 e280 992c 0a20 2020 ...crc32...,. \n-00033050: 2020 e280 9863 7263 3332 7266 6331 3531 ...crc32rfc151\n-00033060: 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3234 7266 0..., ...crc24rf\n-00033070: 6332 3434 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6434 c2440..., ...md4\n-00033080: e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d64 35e2 8099 2c20 ..., ...md5..., \n-00033090: e280 9872 6970 656d 6431 3630 e280 992c ...ripemd160...,\n-000330a0: 20e2 8098 7368 6131 e280 992c 0a20 2020 ...sha1...,. \n-000330b0: 2020 e280 9873 6861 3232 34e2 8099 2c20 ...sha224..., \n-000330c0: e280 9873 6861 3235 36e2 8099 2c20 e280 ...sha256..., ..\n-000330d0: 9873 6861 3531 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 .sha512..., ...s\n-000330e0: 6861 3338 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 ha384..., ...tig\n-000330f0: 6572 3139 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 er192..., ...tig\n-00033100: 6572 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 er...,. ...t\n-00033110: 6967 6572 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9877 6869 iger2..., ...whi\n-00033120: 726c 706f 6f6c e280 992e 2020 4f70 7469 rlpool.... Opti\n-00033130: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 7265 on ...--uncompre\n-00033140: 7373 e280 9920 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 ss... uncompress\n-00033150: 6573 2066 696c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6265 es files. be\n-00033160: 666f 7265 2063 6f6d 7075 7469 6e67 2068 fore computing h\n-00033170: 6173 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 ash... When \n-00033180: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7320 6973 list of files is\n-00033190: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6861 7368 206f 6620 given, hash of \n-000331a0: 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f6d each file is com\n-000331b0: 7075 7465 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 puted and. p\n-000331c0: 7269 6e74 6564 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 rinted, followed\n-000331d0: 2062 7920 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2065 by file name, e\n-000331e0: 6163 6820 6669 6c65 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 ach file on a ne\n-000331f0: 7720 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 w line... Wh\n-00033200: 656e 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d63 en option ...--c\n-00033210: 6865 636b e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e heck... is given\n-00033220: 2c20 6974 2070 6f69 6e74 7320 746f 2061 , it points to a\n-00033230: 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 file that conta\n-00033240: 696e 730a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ins. list of\n-00033250: 2048 4153 4820 4e41 4d45 2070 6169 7273 HASH NAME pairs\n-00033260: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 in the same for\n-00033270: 6d61 7420 6173 2075 7365 6420 6279 2055 mat as used by U\n-00033280: 4e49 5820 e280 986d 6435 7375 6de2 8099 NIX ...md5sum...\n-00033290: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 . command. \n-000332a0: 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7072 6566 Option ...--pref\n-000332b0: 6978 e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 ix... may be use\n-000332c0: 6420 746f 2067 6976 6520 6469 7265 6374 d to give direct\n-000332d0: 6f72 7920 7768 6572 650a 2020 2020 2066 ory where. f\n-000332e0: 696c 6573 2061 7265 206c 6f63 6174 6564 iles are located\n-000332f0: 2e20 2048 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 . Hash verifica\n-00033300: 7469 6f6e 2073 746f 7073 2061 6674 6572 tion stops after\n-00033310: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 the first. \n-00033320: 6d69 736d 6174 6368 2077 6173 2066 6f75 mismatch was fou\n-00033330: 6e64 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e nd unless option\n-00033340: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 ...--keep-going\n-00033350: e280 9920 7761 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 ... was given. \n-00033360: 5468 650a 2020 2020 2065 7869 7420 636f The. exit co\n-00033370: 6465 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 de ...$?... is s\n-00033380: 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2068 6173 6820 et to 0 if hash \n-00033390: 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 verification is \n-000333a0: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2e20 2049 660a successful. If.\n-000333b0: 2020 2020 2069 7420 6661 696c 732c 20e2 it fails, .\n-000333c0: 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ..$?... is set t\n-000333d0: 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 o a nonzero valu\n-000333e0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-000333f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 .info, Node: he\n-00033400: 6c70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 6578 6475 lp, Next: hexdu\n-00033410: 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6173 6873 mp, Prev: hashs\n-00033420: 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 um, Up: Command\n-00033430: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00033440: 3137 2e34 2e33 3520 6865 6c70 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.35 help.---\n-00033450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00033460: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 6c70 205b 7061 ommand: help [pa\n-00033470: 7474 6572 6e20 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 ttern ...]. \n-00033480: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6865 6c70 6675 6c20 Display helpful \n-00033490: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 information abou\n-000334a0: 7420 6275 696c 7469 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e t builtin comman\n-000334b0: 6473 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f 206e ds. If you do n\n-000334c0: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7920 ot. specify \n-000334d0: 5041 5454 4552 4e2c 2074 6869 7320 636f PATTERN, this co\n-000334e0: 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f77 7320 7368 6f72 mmand shows shor\n-000334f0: 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e73 206f t descriptions o\n-00033500: 6620 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c f all. avail\n-00033510: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a able commands...\n-00033520: 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 If you spec\n-00033530: 6966 7920 616e 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e53 ify any PATTERNS\n-00033540: 2c20 6974 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 6c6f , it displays lo\n-00033550: 6e67 6572 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e nger information\n-00033560: 2061 626f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6561 6368 about. each\n-00033570: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 of the commands\n-00033580: 2077 686f 7365 206e 616d 6573 2062 6567 whose names beg\n-00033590: 696e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6f73 6520 5041 in with those PA\n-000335a0: 5454 4552 4e53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a TTERNS.....File:\n-000335b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000335c0: 653a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 e: hexdump, Nex\n-000335d0: 743a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 t: insmod, Prev\n-000335e0: 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : help, Up: Com\n-000335f0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00033600: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3620 6865 7864 ds..17.4.36 hexd\n-00033610: 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ump.------------\n-00033620: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00033630: 3a20 6865 7864 756d 7020 5b2d 2d73 6b69 : hexdump [--ski\n-00033640: 7020 6f66 6673 6574 5d20 5b2d 2d6c 656e p offset] [--len\n-00033650: 6774 6820 6c65 6e5d 2046 494c 455f 4f52 gth len] FILE_OR\n-00033660: 5f44 4556 4943 450a 2020 2020 2053 686f _DEVICE. Sho\n-00033670: 7720 7261 7720 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f w raw contents o\n-00033680: 6620 6120 6669 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f f a file or memo\n-00033690: 7279 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e ry. When option\n-000336a0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 9920 6973 ...--skip... is\n-000336b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 20e2 8098 . given, ...\n-000336c0: 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 6e75 6d62 6572 offset... number\n-000336d0: 206f 6620 6279 7465 7320 6172 6520 736b of bytes are sk\n-000336e0: 6970 7065 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 ipped from the s\n-000336f0: 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 tart of the. \n-00033700: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 2066 696c 6520 device or file \n-00033710: 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 416e 6420 e280 982d given. And ...-\n-00033720: 2d6c 656e 6774 68e2 8099 2061 6c6c 6f77 -length... allow\n-00033730: 7320 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 206d s specifying a m\n-00033740: 6178 696d 756d 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 aximum. numb\n-00033750: 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 7320 746f 2062 er of bytes to b\n-00033760: 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 e shown... I\n-00033770: 6620 6769 7665 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 f given the spec\n-00033780: 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 ial device named\n-00033790: 20e2 8098 286d 656d 29e2 8099 2c20 7468 ...(mem)..., th\n-000337a0: 656e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 en the ...offset\n-000337b0: e280 9920 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 ... given. t\n-000337c0: 6f20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 o ...--skip... i\n-000337d0: 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2074 6865 s treated as the\n-000337e0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 6120 6d65 address of a me\n-000337f0: 6d6f 7279 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 746f mory location to\n-00033800: 2064 756d 700a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d2e dump. from.\n-00033810: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00033820: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 736d nfo, Node: insm\n-00033830: 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206b 6579 7374 od, Next: keyst\n-00033840: 6174 7573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6578 atus, Prev: hex\n-00033850: 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 dump, Up: Comma\n-00033860: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00033870: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3720 696e 736d 6f64 ..17.4.37 insmod\n-00033880: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-00033890: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e . -- Command: in\n-000338a0: 736d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 smod module. \n-000338b0: 2049 6e73 6572 7420 7468 6520 6479 6e61 Insert the dyna\n-000338c0: 6d69 6320 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6520 mic GRUB module \n-000338d0: 6361 6c6c 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a called MODULE...\n-000338e0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000338f0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 o, Node: keysta\n-00033900: 7475 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 tus, Next: list\n-00033910: 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e73 _env, Prev: ins\n-00033920: 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e mod, Up: Comman\n-00033930: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00033940: 0a31 372e 342e 3338 206b 6579 7374 6174 .17.4.38 keystat\n-00033950: 7573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d us.-------------\n-00033960: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00033970: 643a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 205b 2d2d d: keystatus [--\n-00033980: 7368 6966 745d 205b 2d2d 6374 726c 5d20 shift] [--ctrl] \n-00033990: 5b2d 2d61 6c74 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 [--alt]. Ret\n-000339a0: 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 urn true if the \n-000339b0: 5368 6966 742c 2043 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2c20 Shift, Control, \n-000339c0: 6f72 2041 6c74 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 or Alt modifier \n-000339d0: 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2068 656c 640a 2020 keys are held. \n-000339e0: 2020 2064 6f77 6e2c 2061 7320 7265 7175 down, as requ\n-000339f0: 6573 7465 6420 6279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ested by options\n-00033a00: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 . This is usefu\n-00033a10: 6c20 696e 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 l in scripting, \n-00033a20: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 736f to. allow so\n-00033a30: 6d65 2075 7365 7220 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 me user control \n-00033a40: 6f76 6572 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 2077 over behaviour w\n-00033a50: 6974 686f 7574 2068 6176 696e 6720 746f ithout having to\n-00033a60: 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 610a 2020 2020 wait for a. \n-00033a70: 206b 6579 7072 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 keypress... \n-00033a80: 2043 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f Checking key mo\n-00033a90: 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 difier status is\n-00033aa0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 only supported \n-00033ab0: 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d on some platform\n-00033ac0: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b s.. If invok\n-00033ad0: 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 206f ed without any o\n-00033ae0: 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986b ptions, the ...k\n-00033af0: 6579 7374 6174 7573 e280 9920 636f 6d6d eystatus... comm\n-00033b00: 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 730a 2020 2020 and returns. \n-00033b10: 2074 7275 6520 6966 2061 6e64 206f 6e6c true if and onl\n-00033b20: 7920 6966 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 y if checking ke\n-00033b30: 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 y modifier statu\n-00033b40: 7320 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a s is supported..\n-00033b50: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00033b60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f fo, Node: list_\n-00033b70: 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 env, Next: list\n-00033b80: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2050 7265 763a _trusted, Prev:\n-00033b90: 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2055 703a keystatus, Up:\n-00033ba0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00033bb0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3920 mmands..17.4.39 \n-00033bc0: 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d list_env.-------\n-00033bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00033be0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 ommand: list_env\n-00033bf0: 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 0a20 [--file file]. \n-00033c00: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 List all var\n-00033c10: 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656e iables in the en\n-00033c20: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 vironment block \n-00033c30: 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 file. *Note. \n-00033c40: 2020 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c Environment bl\n-00033c50: 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ock::... The\n-00033c60: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 ...--file... op\n-00033c70: 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 tion overrides t\n-00033c80: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 he default locat\n-00033c90: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ion of the. \n-00033ca0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n-00033cb0: 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 k.....File: grub\n-00033cc0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .info, Node: li\n-00033cd0: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 204e 6578 st_trusted, Nex\n-00033ce0: 743a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 5072 t: load_env, Pr\n-00033cf0: 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 ev: list_env, U\n-00033d00: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00033d10: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n-00033d20: 3020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 0 list_trusted.-\n-00033d30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00033d40: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00033d50: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a20 : list_trusted. \n-00033d60: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 List all pub\n-00033d70: 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2074 7275 7374 6564 lic keys trusted\n-00033d80: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2066 6f72 2076 616c by GRUB for val\n-00033d90: 6964 6174 696e 6720 7369 676e 6174 7572 idating signatur\n-00033da0: 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7574 es.. The out\n-00033db0: 7075 7420 6973 2069 6e20 4750 4727 7320 put is in GPG's \n-00033dc0: 7634 206b 6579 2066 696e 6765 7270 7269 v4 key fingerpri\n-00033dd0: 6e74 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c nt format (i.e.,\n-00033de0: 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 the output. \n-00033df0: 206f 6620 e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e of ...gpg --fin\n-00033e00: 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 gerprint...). T\n-00033e10: 6865 206c 6561 7374 2073 6967 6e69 6669 he least signifi\n-00033e20: 6361 6e74 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 cant four bytes \n-00033e30: 286c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2065 6967 6874 (last. eight\n-00033e40: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 hexadecimal dig\n-00033e50: 6974 7329 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 its) can be used\n-00033e60: 2061 7320 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 as an argument \n-00033e70: 746f 20e2 8098 6469 7374 7275 7374 e280 to ...distrust..\n-00033e80: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 .. (*note di\n-00033e90: 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 strust::). *Not\n-00033ea0: 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 e Using digital \n-00033eb0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f signatures::, fo\n-00033ec0: 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f r more. info\n-00033ed0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7573 rmation about us\n-00033ee0: 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 206b 6579 es for these key\n-00033ef0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00033f00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f .info, Node: lo\n-00033f10: 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c ad_env, Next: l\n-00033f20: 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 oadfont, Prev: \n-00033f30: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2055 list_trusted, U\n-00033f40: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00033f50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n-00033f60: 3120 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 1 load_env.-----\n-00033f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00033f80: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 Command: load_e\n-00033f90: 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d nv [--file file]\n-00033fa0: 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d0a 2020 [--skip-sig]. \n-00033fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b77 6869 7465 6c69 [whiteli\n-00033fc0: 7374 6564 5f76 6172 6961 626c 655f 6e61 sted_variable_na\n-00033fd0: 6d65 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 me] .... Loa\n-00033fe0: 6420 616c 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 d all variables \n-00033ff0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e from the environ\n-00034000: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 6520 ment block file \n-00034010: 696e 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e into the. en\n-00034020: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 vironment. *Not\n-00034030: 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c e Environment bl\n-00034040: 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ock::... The\n-00034050: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 ...--file... op\n-00034060: 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 tion overrides t\n-00034070: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 he default locat\n-00034080: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ion of the. \n-00034090: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n-000340a0: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 k... The ...\n-000340b0: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 --skip-sig... op\n-000340c0: 7469 6f6e 2073 6b69 7073 2073 6967 6e61 tion skips signa\n-000340d0: 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 6576 ture checking ev\n-000340e0: 656e 2077 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 en when the. \n-000340f0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f value of enviro\n-00034100: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n-00034110: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n-00034120: 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a es... is set to.\n-00034130: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 ...enforce.\n-00034140: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f .. (*note check_\n-00034150: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292e 0a0a signatures::)...\n-00034160: 2020 2020 2049 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d If one or m\n-00034170: 6f72 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d ore variable nam\n-00034180: 6573 2061 7265 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 es are provided \n-00034190: 6173 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7468 as arguments, th\n-000341a0: 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 ey are. inte\n-000341b0: 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 2061 2077 6869 rpreted as a whi\n-000341c0: 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7661 7269 6162 telist of variab\n-000341d0: 6c65 7320 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6672 6f6d les to load from\n-000341e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f the. enviro\n-000341f0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 nment block file\n-00034200: 2e20 2056 6172 6961 626c 6573 2073 6574 . Variables set\n-00034210: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2062 7574 in the file but\n-00034220: 206e 6f74 2070 7265 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 not present. \n-00034230: 2020 696e 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 in the whiteli\n-00034240: 7374 2061 7265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a st are ignored..\n-00034250: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 . The ...--s\n-00034260: 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f kip-sig... optio\n-00034270: 6e20 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 n should be used\n-00034280: 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 2c20 616e 6420 with care, and \n-00034290: 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 should always. \n-000342a0: 2020 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 636f be used in co\n-000342b0: 6e63 6572 7420 7769 7468 2061 2077 6869 ncert with a whi\n-000342c0: 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 6365 7074 telist of accept\n-000342d0: 6162 6c65 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 able variables w\n-000342e0: 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6573 hose. values\n-000342f0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 6574 2e20 should be set. \n-00034300: 2046 6169 6c75 7265 2074 6f20 656d 706c Failure to empl\n-00034310: 6f79 2061 2063 6172 6566 756c 6c79 2063 oy a carefully c\n-00034320: 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 onstructed. \n-00034330: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 whitelist could \n-00034340: 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 7265 6164 696e result in readin\n-00034350: 6720 6120 6d61 6c69 6369 6f75 7320 7661 g a malicious va\n-00034360: 6c75 6520 696e 746f 2063 7269 7469 6361 lue into critica\n-00034370: 6c0a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 l. environme\n-00034380: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f nt variables fro\n-00034390: 6d20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 7375 6368 m the file, such\n-000343a0: 2061 7320 7365 7474 696e 670a 2020 2020 as setting. \n-000343b0: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n-000343c0: 7572 6573 3d6e 6fe2 8099 2c20 6d6f 6469 ures=no..., modi\n-000343d0: 6679 696e 6720 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 fying ...prefix.\n-000343e0: 8099 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 .. to boot from \n-000343f0: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6578 7065 6374 an. unexpect\n-00034400: 6564 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f72 206e ed location or n\n-00034410: 6f74 2061 7420 616c 6c2c 2065 7463 2e0a ot at all, etc..\n-00034420: 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 . When used \n-00034430: 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c 20e2 8098 2d2d with care, ...--\n-00034440: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 skip-sig... and \n-00034450: 7468 6520 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 656e the whitelist en\n-00034460: 6162 6c65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 646d able an. adm\n-00034470: 696e 6973 7472 6174 6f72 2074 6f20 636f inistrator to co\n-00034480: 6e66 6967 7572 6520 6120 7379 7374 656d nfigure a system\n-00034490: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 6e6c 7920 7369 to boot only si\n-000344a0: 676e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 gned. config\n-000344b0: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 746f urations, but to\n-000344c0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 allow the user \n-000344d0: 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 to select from a\n-000344e0: 6d6f 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c 650a 2020 mong multiple. \n-000344f0: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e configuration\n-00034500: 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 s, and to enable\n-00034510: 2022 6f6e 652d 7368 6f74 2220 626f 6f74 \"one-shot\" boot\n-00034520: 2061 7474 656d 7074 7320 616e 640a 2020 attempts and. \n-00034530: 2020 2022 7361 7665 6465 6661 756c 7422 \"savedefault\"\n-00034540: 2062 6568 6176 696f 722e 2020 2a4e 6f74 behavior. *Not\n-00034550: 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 e Using digital \n-00034560: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f signatures::, fo\n-00034570: 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f r more. info\n-00034580: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n-00034590: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000345a0: 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 204e de: loadfont, N\n-000345b0: 6578 743a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 ext: loopback, \n-000345c0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 Prev: load_env, \n-000345d0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-000345e0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-000345f0: 2e34 3220 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d .42 loadfont.---\n-00034600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00034610: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 -- Command: load\n-00034620: 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 font file .... \n-00034630: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7370 6563 6966 6965 Load specifie\n-00034640: 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2055 d font files. U\n-00034650: 6e6c 6573 7320 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2070 nless absolute p\n-00034660: 6174 686e 616d 6520 6973 2067 6976 656e athname is given\n-00034670: 2c20 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 , FILE. is a\n-00034680: 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 ssumed to be in \n-00034690: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9824 7072 directory ...$pr\n-000346a0: 6566 6978 2f66 6f6e 7473 e280 9920 7769 efix/fonts... wi\n-000346b0: 7468 2073 7566 6669 7820 e280 982e 7066 th suffix ....pf\n-000346c0: 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 2.... append\n-000346d0: 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 ed. *Note Fonts\n-000346e0: 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 : Theme file for\n-000346f0: 6d61 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 mat.....File: gr\n-00034700: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00034710: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a loopback, Next:\n-00034720: 206c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 ls, Prev: load\n-00034730: 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 font, Up: Comma\n-00034740: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00034750: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3320 6c6f 6f70 6261 ..17.4.43 loopba\n-00034760: 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ck.-------------\n-00034770: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00034780: 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 205b 2d64 5d20 : loopback [-d] \n-00034790: 5b2d 445d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 [-D] device file\n-000347a0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2074 6865 2064 . Make the d\n-000347b0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4445 5649 evice named DEVI\n-000347c0: 4345 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 746f CE correspond to\n-000347d0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n-000347e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 the. filesy\n-000347f0: 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 4649 stem image in FI\n-00034800: 4c45 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 LE. For example\n-00034810: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f :.. loo\n-00034820: 7062 6163 6b20 6c6f 6f70 3020 2f70 6174 pback loop0 /pat\n-00034830: 682f 746f 2f69 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 h/to/image. \n-00034840: 2020 2020 206c 7320 286c 6f6f 7030 292f ls (loop0)/\n-00034850: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e .. Specifyin\n-00034860: 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 44e2 8099 206f g the ...-D... o\n-00034870: 7074 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 ption allows the\n-00034880: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 loopback file t\n-00034890: 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 7061 o be. tranpa\n-000348a0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 rently decompres\n-000348b0: 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 sed if there is \n-000348c0: 616e 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2064 an appropriate d\n-000348d0: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 720a 2020 2020 ecompressor. \n-000348e0: 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 loaded... W\n-000348f0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 64e2 8099 ith the ...-d...\n-00034900: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 6520 option, delete \n-00034910: 6120 6465 7669 6365 2070 7265 7669 6f75 a device previou\n-00034920: 736c 7920 6372 6561 7465 6420 7573 696e sly created usin\n-00034930: 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d g this. comm\n-00034940: 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 and.....File: gr\n-00034950: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00034960: 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 7366 6f6e ls, Next: lsfon\n-00034970: 7473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 ts, Prev: loopb\n-00034980: 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ack, Up: Comman\n-00034990: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-000349a0: 0a31 372e 342e 3434 206c 730a 2d2d 2d2d .17.4.44 ls.----\n-000349b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-000349c0: 616e 643a 206c 7320 5b61 7267 202e 2e2e and: ls [arg ...\n-000349d0: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 ]. List devi\n-000349e0: 6365 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 ces or files... \n-000349f0: 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 With no argu\n-00034a00: 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c ments, print all\n-00034a10: 2064 6576 6963 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 devices known t\n-00034a20: 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 o GRUB... If\n-00034a30: 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 the argument is\n-00034a40: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2065 a device name e\n-00034a50: 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 696e 2070 6172 656e nclosed in paren\n-00034a60: 7468 6573 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 theses (*note. \n-00034a70: 2020 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 Device syntax\n-00034a80: 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 7072 696e 7420 ::), then print \n-00034a90: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 the name of the \n-00034aa0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206f 6620 7468 filesystem of th\n-00034ab0: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2e0a at. device..\n-00034ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 . If the arg\n-00034ad0: 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 6972 6563 ument is a direc\n-00034ae0: 746f 7279 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 616e tory given as an\n-00034af0: 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e absolute file n\n-00034b00: 616d 650a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ame. (*note \n-00034b10: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n-00034b20: 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 2074 ::), then list t\n-00034b30: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 he contents of t\n-00034b40: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f hat. directo\n-00034b50: 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ry.....File: gru\n-00034b60: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n-00034b70: 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c sfonts, Next: l\n-00034b80: 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 732c smod, Prev: ls,\n-00034b90: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00034ba0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00034bb0: 342e 3435 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 4.45 lsfonts.---\n-00034bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00034bd0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7366 6f6e - Command: lsfon\n-00034be0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 ts. List loa\n-00034bf0: 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ded fonts.....Fi\n-00034c00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00034c10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 Node: lsmod, Ne\n-00034c20: 7874 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2050 7265 xt: md5sum, Pre\n-00034c30: 763a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2055 703a v: lsfonts, Up:\n-00034c40: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00034c50: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3620 mmands..17.4.46 \n-00034c60: 6c73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lsmod.----------\n-00034c70: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00034c80: 3a20 6c73 6d6f 640a 2020 2020 2053 686f : lsmod. Sho\n-00034c90: 7720 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6c6f 6164 6564 w list of loaded\n-00034ca0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c modules.....Fil\n-00034cb0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00034cc0: 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 ode: md5sum, Ne\n-00034cd0: 7874 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 xt: module, Pre\n-00034ce0: 763a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: lsmod, Up: C\n-00034cf0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00034d00: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3720 6d64 ands..17.4.47 md\n-00034d10: 3573 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 5sum.-----------\n-00034d20: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00034d30: 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e : md5sum arg ...\n-00034d40: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 . Alias for \n-00034d50: e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 ...hashsum --has\n-00034d60: 6820 6d64 3520 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 h md5 arg ......\n-00034d70: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 . See command .\n-00034d80: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ..hashsum.... \n-00034d90: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d (*note hashsum\n-00034da0: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 ::) for full des\n-00034db0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cription.....Fil\n-00034dc0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00034dd0: 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 4e65 ode: module, Ne\n-00034de0: 7874 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 xt: multiboot, \n-00034df0: 5072 6576 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2055 Prev: md5sum, U\n-00034e00: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00034e10: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n-00034e20: 3820 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 module.-------\n-00034e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00034e40: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d mand: module [--\n-00034e50: 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 nounzip] file [a\n-00034e60: 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 204c rguments]. L\n-00034e70: 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 oad a module for\n-00034e80: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 multiboot kerne\n-00034e90: 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 l image. The re\n-00034ea0: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 st of the line i\n-00034eb0: 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 s. passed ve\n-00034ec0: 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f rbatim as the mo\n-00034ed0: 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e dule command lin\n-00034ee0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-00034ef0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 .info, Node: mu\n-00034f00: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ltiboot, Next: \n-00034f10: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2050 7265 nativedisk, Pre\n-00034f20: 763a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 v: module, Up: \n-00034f30: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00034f40: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3439 206d mands..17.4.49 m\n-00034f50: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ultiboot.-------\n-00034f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00034f70: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 756c 7469 626f Command: multibo\n-00034f80: 6f74 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d ot [--quirk-bad-\n-00034f90: 6b6c 7564 6765 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 kludge]. \n-00034fa0: 2020 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c [--quirk-modul\n-00034fb0: 6573 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d es-after-kernel]\n-00034fc0: 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c file .... L\n-00034fd0: 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 oad a multiboot \n-00034fe0: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f kernel image fro\n-00034ff0: 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 m FILE. The res\n-00035000: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 t of the line is\n-00035010: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 . passed ver\n-00035020: 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c batim as the ...\n-00035030: 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c kernel command-l\n-00035040: 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 ine.... Any mod\n-00035050: 756c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 ule must be. \n-00035060: 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 reloaded after \n-00035070: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 using this comma\n-00035080: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 nd (*note module\n-00035090: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 ::)... Some \n-000350a0: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6861 7665 206b 6e6f kernels have kno\n-000350b0: 776e 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 596f wn problems. Yo\n-000350c0: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 u need to specif\n-000350d0: 7920 2d71 7569 726b 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 y -quirk-* for. \n-000350e0: 2020 2020 7468 6f73 652e 2020 2d71 7569 those. -qui\n-000350f0: 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 6520 6973 rk-bad-kludge is\n-00035100: 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2073 6565 6e20 a problem seen \n-00035110: 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2070 726f 6475 in several produ\n-00035120: 6374 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 cts. that th\n-00035130: 6579 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206c 6f61 6469 ey include loadi\n-00035140: 6e67 206b 6c75 6467 6520 696e 666f 726d ng kludge inform\n-00035150: 6174 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2069 6e76 616c ation with inval\n-00035160: 6964 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 id data in. \n-00035170: 454c 4620 6669 6c65 2e20 2047 5255 4220 ELF file. GRUB \n-00035180: 7072 696f 7220 746f 2030 2e39 3720 616e prior to 0.97 an\n-00035190: 6420 736f 6d65 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6275 d some custom bu\n-000351a0: 696c 6473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2045 ilds preferred E\n-000351b0: 4c46 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 LF. informat\n-000351c0: 696f 6e20 7768 696c 6520 302e 3937 2061 ion while 0.97 a\n-000351d0: 6e64 2047 5255 4220 3220 7573 6520 6b6c nd GRUB 2 use kl\n-000351e0: 7564 6765 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6869 7320 udge. Use this \n-000351f0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 option to. i\n-00035200: 676e 6f72 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 204b gnore kludge. K\n-00035210: 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 6563 7465 6420 7379 nown affected sy\n-00035220: 7374 656d 733a 206f 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 stems: old Solar\n-00035230: 6973 2c20 536b 794f 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 is, SkyOS... \n-00035240: 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d -quirk-modules-\n-00035250: 6166 7465 722d 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 after-kernel is \n-00035260: 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 needed for kerne\n-00035270: 6c73 2077 6869 6368 206c 6f61 6420 6174 ls which load at\n-00035280: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 . relatively\n-00035290: 2068 6967 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 652e high address e.\n-000352a0: 672e 2020 3136 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 g. 16MiB mark a\n-000352b0: 6e64 2063 616e 2774 2063 6f70 6520 7769 nd can't cope wi\n-000352c0: 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 th. modules \n-000352d0: 7374 7566 6665 6420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 stuffed between \n-000352e0: 314d 6942 206d 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6265 1MiB mark and be\n-000352f0: 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206b ginning of the k\n-00035300: 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 ernel.. Know\n-00035310: 6e20 6166 6674 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 n afftected syst\n-00035320: 656d 733a 2056 4d57 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a ems: VMWare.....\n-00035330: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00035340: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 Node: nativedi\n-00035350: 736b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 sk, Next: norma\n-00035360: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 l, Prev: multib\n-00035370: 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e oot, Up: Comman\n-00035380: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00035390: 0a31 372e 342e 3530 206e 6174 6976 6564 .17.4.50 natived\n-000353a0: 6973 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d isk.------------\n-000353b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-000353c0: 616e 643a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a and: nativedisk.\n-000353d0: 2020 2020 2053 7769 7463 6820 6672 6f6d Switch from\n-000353e0: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6469 736b 2064 firmware disk d\n-000353f0: 7269 7665 7273 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 rivers to native\n-00035400: 206f 6e65 732e 2020 5265 616c 6c79 2075 ones. Really u\n-00035410: 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 seful. only \n-00035420: 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 on platforms whe\n-00035430: 7265 2062 6f74 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 re both firmware\n-00035440: 2061 6e64 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b and native disk\n-00035450: 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 drives are. \n-00035460: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2043 7572 available. Cur\n-00035470: 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 3338 362d 7063 2c20 rently i386-pc, \n-00035480: 6933 3836 2d65 6669 2c20 6933 3836 2d69 i386-efi, i386-i\n-00035490: 6565 6531 3237 3520 616e 640a 2020 2020 eee1275 and. \n-000354a0: 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 692e 0a0a 1f0a x86_64-efi.....\n-000354b0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000354c0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 Node: normal, \n-000354d0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 Next: normal_ex\n-000354e0: 6974 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6174 6976 it, Prev: nativ\n-000354f0: 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d edisk, Up: Comm\n-00035500: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00035510: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3531 206e 6f72 6d61 s..17.4.51 norma\n-00035520: 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l.--------------\n-00035530: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-00035540: 6f72 6d61 6c20 5b66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 ormal [file]. \n-00035550: 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d Enter normal m\n-00035560: 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6469 7370 6c61 7920 ode and display \n-00035570: 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e 0a0a the GRUB menu...\n-00035580: 2020 2020 2049 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d In normal m\n-00035590: 6f64 652c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2066 ode, commands, f\n-000355a0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 ilesystem module\n-000355b0: 732c 2061 6e64 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 s, and cryptogra\n-000355c0: 7068 790a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6573 phy. modules\n-000355d0: 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c are automatical\n-000355e0: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 642c 2061 6e64 2074 ly loaded, and t\n-000355f0: 6865 2066 756c 6c20 4752 5542 2073 6372 he full GRUB scr\n-00035600: 6970 7420 7061 7273 6572 0a20 2020 2020 ipt parser. \n-00035610: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 204f is available. O\n-00035620: 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 ther modules may\n-00035630: 2062 6520 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c be explicitly l\n-00035640: 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 oaded using. \n-00035650: 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a ...insmod... (*\n-00035660: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a note insmod::)..\n-00035670: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2046 494c 4520 . If a FILE \n-00035680: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2063 is given, then c\n-00035690: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ommands will be \n-000356a0: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6174 2066 read from that f\n-000356b0: 696c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 ile.. Otherw\n-000356c0: 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 ise, they will b\n-000356d0: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9824 e read from ...$\n-000356e0: 7072 6566 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 prefix/grub.cfg.\n-000356f0: 8099 2069 6620 6974 2065 7869 7374 732e .. if it exists.\n-00035700: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c .. ...normal\n-00035710: e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2063 616c 6c65 ... may be calle\n-00035720: 6420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f d from within no\n-00035730: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 7265 6174 rmal mode, creat\n-00035740: 696e 6720 6120 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 2020 ing a nested. \n-00035750: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 environment. \n-00035760: 4974 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 616c It is more usual\n-00035770: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 to use ...confi\n-00035780: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a gfile... (*note.\n-00035790: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a configfile:\n-000357a0: 3a29 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 1f0a :) for this.....\n-000357b0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000357c0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 Node: normal_e\n-000357d0: 7869 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7274 xit, Next: part\n-000357e0: 746f 6f6c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 tool, Prev: nor\n-000357f0: 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e mal, Up: Comman\n-00035800: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00035810: 0a31 372e 342e 3532 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f .17.4.52 normal_\n-00035820: 6578 6974 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d exit.-----------\n-00035830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00035840: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 mmand: normal_ex\n-00035850: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 4578 6974 206e 6f72 it. Exit nor\n-00035860: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 mal mode (*note \n-00035870: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 normal::). If t\n-00035880: 6869 7320 696e 7374 616e 6365 206f 6620 his instance of \n-00035890: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 normal mode. \n-000358a0: 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206e 6573 7465 6420 was not nested \n-000358b0: 7769 7468 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206f within another o\n-000358c0: 6e65 2c20 7468 656e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 ne, then return \n-000358d0: 746f 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2e0a to rescue mode..\n-000358e0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000358f0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 fo, Node: partt\n-00035900: 6f6f 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 ool, Next: pass\n-00035910: 776f 7264 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 word, Prev: nor\n-00035920: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2055 703a 2043 mal_exit, Up: C\n-00035930: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00035940: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3320 7061 ands..17.4.53 pa\n-00035950: 7274 746f 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rttool.---------\n-00035960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00035970: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2070 mand: parttool p\n-00035980: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 artition command\n-00035990: 730a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7661 7269 s. Make vari\n-000359a0: 6f75 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ous modification\n-000359b0: 7320 746f 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 s to partition t\n-000359c0: 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 able entries... \n-000359d0: 2020 2020 4561 6368 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 Each COMMAND\n-000359e0: 2069 7320 6569 7468 6572 2061 2062 6f6f is either a boo\n-000359f0: 6c65 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e20 lean option, in \n-00035a00: 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6d75 which case it mu\n-00035a10: 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f st be. follo\n-00035a20: 7765 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 wed with ...+...\n-00035a30: 206f 7220 e280 982d e280 9920 2877 6974 or ...-... (wit\n-00035a40: 6820 6e6f 2069 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 h no intervening\n-00035a50: 2073 7061 6365 2920 746f 2065 6e61 626c space) to enabl\n-00035a60: 6520 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c e or. disabl\n-00035a70: 6520 7468 6174 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f e that option, o\n-00035a80: 7220 656c 7365 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 r else it takes \n-00035a90: 6120 7661 6c75 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 a value in the f\n-00035aa0: 6f72 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 434f 4d4d orm. ...COMM\n-00035ab0: 414e 443d 5641 4c55 45e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 AND=VALUE...... \n-00035ac0: 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 20e2 Currently, .\n-00035ad0: 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c e280 9920 6973 ..parttool... is\n-00035ae0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 206f 6e20 only useful on \n-00035af0: 444f 5320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 DOS partition ta\n-00035b00: 626c 6573 2028 616c 736f 0a20 2020 2020 bles (also. \n-00035b10: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6173 204d 6173 7465 7220 known as Master \n-00035b20: 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 642c 206f 7220 Boot Record, or \n-00035b30: 4d42 5229 2e20 4f6e 2074 6865 7365 2070 MBR). On these p\n-00035b40: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 732c artition tables,\n-00035b50: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 . the follow\n-00035b60: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 ing commands are\n-00035b70: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 available:.. \n-00035b80: 2020 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 626f ...boot... (bo\n-00035b90: 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 olean). \n-00035ba0: 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 When enabled, t\n-00035bb0: 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7365 his makes the se\n-00035bc0: 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e lected partition\n-00035bd0: 2062 6520 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 0a20 be the active. \n-00035be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 626f 6f74 6162 (bootab\n-00035bf0: 6c65 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e le) partition on\n-00035c00: 2069 7473 2064 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 its disk, clear\n-00035c10: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2066 ing the active f\n-00035c20: 6c61 6720 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lag on. \n-00035c30: 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2070 6172 7469 all other parti\n-00035c40: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d tions. This com\n-00035c50: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 mand is limited \n-00035c60: 746f 205f 7072 696d 6172 795f 0a20 2020 to _primary_. \n-00035c70: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e partition\n-00035c80: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7479 7065 s... ...type\n-00035c90: e280 9920 2876 616c 7565 290a 2020 2020 ... (value). \n-00035ca0: 2020 2020 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 Change the\n-00035cb0: 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 6973 type of an exis\n-00035cc0: 7469 6e67 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 ting partition. \n-00035cd0: 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 206d 7573 7420 The value must \n-00035ce0: 6265 2061 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e be a. n\n-00035cf0: 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e umber in the ran\n-00035d00: 6765 2030 2d30 7846 4620 2870 7265 6669 ge 0-0xFF (prefi\n-00035d10: 7820 7769 7468 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 x with ...0x... \n-00035d20: 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2069 7420 696e 0a20 to enter it in. \n-00035d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 hexadec\n-00035d40: 696d 616c 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 imal)... ...\n-00035d50: 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 hidden... (boole\n-00035d60: 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5768 an). Wh\n-00035d70: 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 7468 6973 en enabled, this\n-00035d80: 2068 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 hides the selec\n-00035d90: 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 ted partition by\n-00035da0: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 setting the. \n-00035db0: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 809c 6869 6464 656e ...hidden\n-00035dc0: e280 9d20 6269 7420 696e 2069 7473 2070 ... bit in its p\n-00035dd0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f artition type co\n-00035de0: 6465 3b20 7768 656e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 de; when disable\n-00035df0: 642c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e68 d,. unh\n-00035e00: 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 ides the selecte\n-00035e10: 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2063 d partition by c\n-00035e20: 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 6973 2062 6974 learing this bit\n-00035e30: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 . This is. \n-00035e40: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 useful only\n-00035e50: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 444f when booting DO\n-00035e60: 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2061 6e64 S or Windows and\n-00035e70: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7072 696d 6172 multiple primar\n-00035e80: 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4641 5420 y. FAT \n-00035e90: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2065 7869 7374 partitions exist\n-00035ea0: 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2053 in one disk. S\n-00035eb0: 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ee also *note. \n-00035ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 444f 532f 5769 6e64 DOS/Wind\n-00035ed0: 6f77 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ows::.....File: \n-00035ee0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00035ef0: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 204e 6578 : password, Nex\n-00035f00: 743a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 t: password_pbkd\n-00035f10: 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6172 7474 f2, Prev: partt\n-00035f20: 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ool, Up: Comman\n-00035f30: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00035f40: 0a31 372e 342e 3534 2070 6173 7377 6f72 .17.4.54 passwor\n-00035f50: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n-00035f60: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00035f70: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 2063 password user c\n-00035f80: 6c65 6172 2d70 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2020 lear-password. \n-00035f90: 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 6120 7573 6572 Define a user\n-00035fa0: 206e 616d 6564 2055 5345 5220 7769 7468 named USER with\n-00035fb0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 434c 4541 522d password CLEAR-\n-00035fc0: 5041 5353 574f 5244 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 PASSWORD. *Note\n-00035fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a . Security::\n-00035fe0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00035ff0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 info, Node: pas\n-00036000: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e sword_pbkdf2, N\n-00036010: 6578 743a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c ext: plainmount,\n-00036020: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 Prev: password\n-00036030: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00036040: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00036050: 2e34 2e35 3520 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 .4.55 password_p\n-00036060: 626b 6466 320a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d bkdf2.----------\n-00036070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00036080: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 -- Command: pass\n-00036090: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 3220 7573 6572 word_pbkdf2 user\n-000360a0: 2068 6173 6865 642d 7061 7373 776f 7264 hashed-password\n-000360b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 . Define a u\n-000360c0: 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 ser named USER w\n-000360d0: 6974 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 ith password has\n-000360e0: 6820 4841 5348 4544 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 h HASHED-PASSWOR\n-000360f0: 442e 2020 5573 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 D. Use. ...\n-00036100: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00036110: 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 kdf2... (*note I\n-00036120: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking grub-mkp\n-00036130: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 asswd-pbkdf2::) \n-00036140: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6765 6e65 7261 7465 to. generate\n-00036150: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 password hashes\n-00036160: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 . *Note Securit\n-00036170: 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 y::.....File: gr\n-00036180: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00036190: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 plainmount, Nex\n-000361a0: 743a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: play, Prev: \n-000361b0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c password_pbkdf2,\n-000361c0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-000361d0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-000361e0: 342e 3536 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 4.56 plainmount.\n-000361f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00036200: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00036210: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 plainmount devi\n-00036220: 6365 202d 6320 6369 7068 6572 202d 7320 ce -c cipher -s \n-00036230: 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 205b 2d68 2068 6173 key size [-h has\n-00036240: 685d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d53 e280 h]. [...-S..\n-00036250: 9920 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 655d 205b . sector size] [\n-00036260: e280 982d 70e2 8099 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ...-p... passwor\n-00036270: 645d 205b e280 982d 75e2 8099 2075 7569 d] [...-u... uui\n-00036280: 645d 205b 5be2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 6b65 d] [[...-d... ke\n-00036290: 7966 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 yfile]. [...\n-000362a0: 2d4f e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6f66 -O... keyfile of\n-000362b0: 6673 6574 5d5d 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6574 fset]].. Set\n-000362c0: 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2074 6865 up access to the\n-000362d0: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 encrypted devic\n-000362e0: 6520 696e 2070 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 652e e in plain mode.\n-000362f0: 2020 4f66 6673 6574 206f 6620 7468 650a Offset of the.\n-00036300: 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 encrypted d\n-00036310: 6174 6120 6174 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 ata at the devic\n-00036320: 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 e is specified i\n-00036330: 6e20 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2035 3132 2062 n terms of 512 b\n-00036340: 7974 650a 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 yte. sectors\n-00036350: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b using the block\n-00036360: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 list syntax and \n-00036370: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2064 6576 6963 652e loopback device.\n-00036380: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f The. follo\n-00036390: 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 686f wing example sho\n-000363a0: 7773 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 ws how to specif\n-000363b0: 7920 314d 6942 206f 6666 7365 743a 0a0a y 1MiB offset:..\n-000363c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 loopba\n-000363d0: 636b 206e 6f64 6520 2868 6430 2c67 7074 ck node (hd0,gpt\n-000363e0: 3129 3230 3438 2b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 1)2048+. \n-000363f0: 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 206e 6f64 plainmount nod\n-00036400: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e ..... The \n-00036410: e280 9870 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...plainmount...\n-00036420: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 command can be \n-00036430: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6f70 656e 204c 554b used to open LUK\n-00036440: 5320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 766f 6c75 S encrypted volu\n-00036450: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2069 7473 206d me. if its m\n-00036460: 6173 7465 7220 6b65 7920 616e 6420 7061 aster key and pa\n-00036470: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2028 6b65 7920 7369 rameters (key si\n-00036480: 7a65 2c20 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6f66 6673 ze, cipher, offs\n-00036490: 6574 2c20 6574 6329 0a20 2020 2020 6172 et, etc). ar\n-000364a0: 6520 6b6e 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 e known... T\n-000364b0: 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2077 6179 here are two way\n-000364c0: 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2070 s to specify a p\n-000364d0: 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2061 206b 6579 6669 assword: a keyfi\n-000364e0: 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 2073 6563 7265 740a le and a secret.\n-000364f0: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e passphrase.\n-00036500: 2020 5468 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7061 The keyfile pa\n-00036510: 7468 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2068 6173 th parameter has\n-00036520: 2068 6967 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7479 higher priority\n-00036530: 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 than. the s\n-00036540: 6563 7265 7420 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 ecret passphrase\n-00036550: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2061 6e64 2069 parameter and i\n-00036560: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 s specified with\n-00036570: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 the option. \n-00036580: 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 ...-d.... Pass\n-00036590: 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 6f62 7461 696e word data obtain\n-000365a0: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6b65 7966 696c 6573 ed from keyfiles\n-000365b0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7368 6564 2061 is not hashed a\n-000365c0: 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 nd is. used \n-000365d0: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7320 6120 6369 directly as a ci\n-000365e0: 7068 6572 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 pher key. An op\n-000365f0: 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 tional offset of\n-00036600: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 0a20 password data. \n-00036610: 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 in the keyfi\n-00036620: 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 le can be specif\n-00036630: 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 ied with the opt\n-00036640: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206f 7220 ion ...-O... or \n-00036650: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7769 directly. wi\n-00036660: 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 th the option ..\n-00036670: 982d 64e2 8099 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 .-d... and GRUB \n-00036680: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 blocklist syntax\n-00036690: 2c20 6966 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 , if the keyfile\n-000366a0: 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2062 data. can b\n-000366b0: 6520 6163 6365 7373 6564 2066 726f 6d20 e accessed from \n-000366c0: 6120 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2069 7320 a device and is \n-000366d0: 3531 3220 6279 7465 2061 6c69 676e 6564 512 byte aligned\n-000366e0: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c . The. foll\n-000366f0: 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 7368 owing example sh\n-00036700: 6f77 7320 626f 7468 206d 6574 686f 6473 ows both methods\n-00036710: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7061 7373 to specify pass\n-00036720: 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 word data in. \n-00036730: 2020 7468 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6174 the keyfile at\n-00036740: 206f 6666 7365 7420 314d 6942 3a0a 0a20 offset 1MiB:.. \n-00036750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f plainmo\n-00036760: 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 unt -d (hd0,gpt1\n-00036770: 2932 3034 382b 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 )2048+ .... \n-00036780: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 plainmount \n-00036790: 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 292b 202d -d (hd0,gpt1)+ -\n-000367a0: 4f20 3130 3438 3537 3620 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 O 1048576 ..... \n-000367b0: 2020 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 696c If no keyfil\n-000367c0: 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 e is specified t\n-000367d0: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 hen the password\n-000367e0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 2073 is set to the s\n-000367f0: 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 tring. speci\n-00036800: 6669 6564 2062 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 fied by option .\n-00036810: 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6f72 2069 7320 7265 ..-p... or is re\n-00036820: 7175 6573 7465 6420 696e 7465 7261 6374 quested interact\n-00036830: 6976 656c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 ively from the. \n-00036840: 2020 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 496e console. In\n-00036850: 2062 6f74 6820 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 both cases the \n-00036860: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 provided passwor\n-00036870: 6420 6973 2068 6173 6865 6420 7769 7468 d is hashed with\n-00036880: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 616c 676f 7269 the. algori\n-00036890: 7468 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 thm specified by\n-000368a0: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d the option ...-\n-000368b0: 68e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 h.... This opti\n-000368c0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 790a on is mandatory.\n-000368d0: 2020 2020 2069 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 if no keyfi\n-000368e0: 6c65 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c le is specified,\n-000368f0: 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2073 but it can be s\n-00036900: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9870 6c61 696e e280 et to ...plain..\n-00036910: 9920 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 206d 6561 . which. mea\n-00036920: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6e6f 2068 6173 6869 ns that no hashi\n-00036930: 6e67 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2061 6e64 2073 ng is done and s\n-00036940: 7563 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 uch password is \n-00036950: 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 used directly as\n-00036960: 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 . a key... \n-00036970: 2020 2043 6970 6865 7220 e280 982d 63e2 Cipher ...-c.\n-00036980: 8099 2061 6e64 206b 6579 7369 7a65 20e2 .. and keysize .\n-00036990: 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 ..-s... options \n-000369a0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 6369 7068 specify the ciph\n-000369b0: 6572 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 0a20 2020 er algorithm. \n-000369c0: 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 and the key si\n-000369d0: 7a65 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 ze respectively \n-000369e0: 616e 6420 6172 6520 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 and are mandator\n-000369f0: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4369 7068 y options. Ciph\n-00036a00: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 er. must be \n-00036a10: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 specified with t\n-00036a20: 6865 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 he mode separate\n-00036a30: 6420 6279 2061 2064 6173 6820 2866 6f72 d by a dash (for\n-00036a40: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 example,. .\n-00036a50: 8098 6165 732d 7874 732d 706c 6169 6e36 ..aes-xts-plain6\n-00036a60: 34e2 8099 292e 2020 4b65 7920 7369 7a65 4...). Key size\n-00036a70: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 73e2 8099 option ...-s...\n-00036a80: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 is the key size\n-00036a90: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6970 of the. cip\n-00036aa0: 6865 7220 696e 2062 6974 732c 206e 6f74 her in bits, not\n-00036ab0: 2074 6f20 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 to be confused \n-00036ac0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 with the offset \n-00036ad0: 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6579 2064 6174 610a of the key data.\n-00036ae0: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6120 6b65 7966 696c in a keyfil\n-00036af0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 e specified with\n-00036b00: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6f70 the ...-O... op\n-00036b10: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6d75 7374 206e tion. It must n\n-00036b20: 6f74 2065 7863 6565 640a 2020 2020 2031 ot exceed. 1\n-00036b30: 3032 3420 6269 7473 2c20 736f 2061 2033 024 bits, so a 3\n-00036b40: 3220 6279 7465 206b 6579 2077 6f75 6c64 2 byte key would\n-00036b50: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 be specified as\n-00036b60: 2032 3536 2062 6974 730a 0a20 2020 2020 256 bits.. \n-00036b70: 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 The optional par\n-00036b80: 616d 6574 6572 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 ameter ...-S... \n-00036b90: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 656e 6372 7970 specifies encryp\n-00036ba0: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2073 6563 746f ted device secto\n-00036bb0: 7220 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 r size.. It \n-00036bc0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6174 206c 6561 7374 must be at least\n-00036bd0: 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 206c 6f6e 6720 512 bytes long \n-00036be0: 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2076 616c 7565 2920 (default value) \n-00036bf0: 616e 6420 6120 706f 7765 7220 6f66 0a20 and a power of. \n-00036c00: 2020 2020 322e 2020 2831 2920 2028 2a6e 2. (1) (*n\n-00036c10: 6f74 6520 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 ote plainmount-F\n-00036c20: 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2044 ootnote-1::). D\n-00036c30: 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 isk sector size \n-00036c40: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 is. configur\n-00036c50: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6372 6561 7469 6e67 ed when creating\n-00036c60: 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2076 the encrypted v\n-00036c70: 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4174 7465 6d70 7469 olume. Attempti\n-00036c80: 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2064 6563 7279 ng to. decry\n-00036c90: 7074 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2077 6974 6820 pt volumes with \n-00036ca0: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7365 6374 a different sect\n-00036cb0: 6f72 2073 697a 6520 7468 616e 2069 7420 or size than it \n-00036cc0: 7761 7320 6372 6561 7465 640a 2020 2020 was created. \n-00036cd0: 2077 6974 6820 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2072 with will not r\n-00036ce0: 6573 756c 7420 696e 2061 6e20 6572 726f esult in an erro\n-00036cf0: 722c 2062 7574 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6372 r, but will decr\n-00036d00: 7970 7420 746f 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6279 ypt to random by\n-00036d10: 7465 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6875 tes. and thu\n-00036d20: 7320 7072 6576 656e 7420 6163 6365 7373 s prevent access\n-00036d30: 696e 6720 7468 6520 766f 6c75 6d65 2028 ing the volume (\n-00036d40: 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 7468 in some cases th\n-00036d50: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 e filesystem. \n-00036d60: 2020 6472 6976 6572 2063 616e 2064 6574 driver can det\n-00036d70: 6563 7420 7468 6520 7072 6573 656e 6365 ect the presence\n-00036d80: 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d of a filesystem\n-00036d90: 2c20 6275 7420 6e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 , but neverthele\n-00036da0: 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6566 ss. will ref\n-00036db0: 7573 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7429 use to mount it)\n-00036dc0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 ... By defau\n-00036dd0: 6c74 206e 6577 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e lt new plainmoun\n-00036de0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 t devices will b\n-00036df0: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 5555 4944 2073 e given a UUID s\n-00036e00: 7461 7274 696e 670a 2020 2020 2077 6974 tarting. wit\n-00036e10: 6820 2731 3039 6665 6138 342d 6136 6237 h '109fea84-a6b7\n-00036e20: 2d33 3461 382d 3462 6431 2d31 6335 3036 -34a8-4bd1-1c506\n-00036e30: 3330 3561 3430 3127 2077 6865 7265 2074 305a401' where t\n-00036e40: 6865 206c 6173 7420 6469 6769 7473 0a20 he last digits. \n-00036e50: 2020 2020 6172 6520 696e 6372 656d 656e are incremen\n-00036e60: 7465 6420 6279 206f 6e65 2066 6f72 2065 ted by one for e\n-00036e70: 6163 6820 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 6564 ach plainmounted\n-00036e80: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6265 796f 6e64 2074 device beyond t\n-00036e90: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 7570 he. first up\n-00036ea0: 2074 6f20 325e 3130 2064 6576 6963 6573 to 2^10 devices\n-00036eb0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6c20 656e 6372 ... All encr\n-00036ec0: 7970 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 yption arguments\n-00036ed0: 2028 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6861 7368 2c20 (cipher, hash, \n-00036ee0: 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6469 736b 206f key size, disk o\n-00036ef0: 6666 7365 7420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2064 ffset and. d\n-00036f00: 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6529 isk sector size)\n-00036f10: 206d 7573 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 must match the \n-00036f20: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2075 7365 6420 parameters used \n-00036f30: 746f 2063 7265 6174 6520 7468 650a 2020 to create the. \n-00036f40: 2020 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4966 2061 volume. If a\n-00036f50: 6e79 206f 6620 7468 656d 2064 6f65 7320 ny of them does \n-00036f60: 6e6f 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 6163 not match the ac\n-00036f70: 7475 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2075 tual arguments u\n-00036f80: 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 sed. during \n-00036f90: 7468 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c20 656e 6372 the initial encr\n-00036fa0: 7970 7469 6f6e 2c20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 yption, plainmou\n-00036fb0: 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2076 nt will create v\n-00036fc0: 6972 7475 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 irtual. devi\n-00036fd0: 6365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6761 7262 ce with the garb\n-00036fe0: 6167 6520 6461 7461 2061 6e64 2047 5255 age data and GRU\n-00036ff0: 4220 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6f72 7420 756e B will report un\n-00037000: 6b6e 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 known. files\n-00037010: 7973 7465 6d20 666f 7220 7375 6368 2064 ystem for such d\n-00037020: 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 evice.....File: \n-00037030: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00037040: 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f : plainmount-Foo\n-00037050: 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2070 6c61 tnotes, Up: pla\n-00037060: 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 inmount.. (1) \n-00037070: 4375 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e Current implemen\n-00037080: 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6372 7970 7473 tation of crypts\n-00037090: 6574 7570 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6f6e etup supports on\n-000370a0: 6c79 0a35 3132 2f31 3032 342f 3230 3438 ly.512/1024/2048\n-000370b0: 2f34 3039 3620 6279 7465 2073 6563 746f /4096 byte secto\n-000370c0: 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 rs....File: grub\n-000370d0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c .info, Node: pl\n-000370e0: 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 726f 6265 ay, Next: probe\n-000370f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f , Prev: plainmo\n-00037100: 756e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e unt, Up: Comman\n-00037110: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00037120: 0a31 372e 342e 3537 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d .17.4.57 play.--\n-00037130: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00037140: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 7920 6669 Command: play fi\n-00037150: 6c65 207c 2074 656d 706f 205b 7069 7463 le | tempo [pitc\n-00037160: 6831 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 h1 duration1] [p\n-00037170: 6974 6368 3220 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 325d itch2 duration2]\n-00037180: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6179 7320 .... Plays \n-00037190: 6120 7475 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 a tune.. If \n-000371a0: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 the argument is \n-000371b0: 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f a file name (*no\n-000371c0: 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e te File name syn\n-000371d0: 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 tax::), play the\n-000371e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7475 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 . tune recor\n-000371f0: 6465 6420 696e 2069 742e 2020 5468 6520 ded in it. The \n-00037200: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 2066 file format is f\n-00037210: 6972 7374 2074 6865 2074 656d 706f 2061 irst the tempo a\n-00037220: 7320 616e 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e s an. unsign\n-00037230: 6564 2033 3262 6974 206c 6974 746c 652d ed 32bit little-\n-00037240: 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 endian number, t\n-00037250: 6865 6e20 7061 6972 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 hen pairs of uns\n-00037260: 6967 6e65 6420 3136 6269 740a 2020 2020 igned 16bit. \n-00037270: 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e little-endian n\n-00037280: 756d 6265 7273 2066 6f72 2070 6974 6368 umbers for pitch\n-00037290: 2061 6e64 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7061 and duration pa\n-000372a0: 6972 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 irs... If th\n-000372b0: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 e arguments are \n-000372c0: 6120 7365 7269 6573 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 a series of numb\n-000372d0: 6572 732c 2070 6c61 7920 7468 6520 696e ers, play the in\n-000372e0: 6c69 6e65 2074 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 line tune... \n-000372f0: 2054 6865 2074 656d 706f 2069 7320 7468 The tempo is th\n-00037300: 6520 6261 7365 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e e base for all n\n-00037310: 6f74 6520 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 ote durations. \n-00037320: 3630 2067 6976 6573 2061 2031 2d73 6563 60 gives a 1-sec\n-00037330: 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2062 6173 652c 2031 ond. base, 1\n-00037340: 3230 2067 6976 6573 2061 2068 616c 662d 20 gives a half-\n-00037350: 7365 636f 6e64 2062 6173 652c 2065 7463 second base, etc\n-00037360: 2e20 2050 6974 6368 6573 2061 7265 2048 . Pitches are H\n-00037370: 7a2e 2020 5365 740a 2020 2020 2070 6974 z. Set. pit\n-00037380: 6368 2074 6f20 3020 746f 2070 726f 6475 ch to 0 to produ\n-00037390: 6365 2061 2072 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ce a rest.....Fi\n-000373a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000373b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 Node: probe, Ne\n-000373c0: 7874 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 xt: rdmsr, Prev\n-000373d0: 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : play, Up: Com\n-000373e0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000373f0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3820 7072 6f62 ds..17.4.58 prob\n-00037400: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a e.-------------.\n-00037410: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7072 . -- Command: pr\n-00037420: 6f62 6520 5b2d 2d73 6574 2076 6172 5d0a obe [--set var].\n-00037430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6472 6976 --driv\n-00037440: 6572 7c2d 2d70 6172 746d 6170 7c2d 2d66 er|--partmap|--f\n-00037450: 737c 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 647c 2d2d 6c61 s|--fs-uuid|--la\n-00037460: 6265 6c7c 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 6420 bel|--part-uuid \n-00037470: 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 device. Retr\n-00037480: 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f ieve device info\n-00037490: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206f 7074 rmation. If opt\n-000374a0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 ion ...--set... \n-000374b0: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6173 7369 676e is given, assign\n-000374c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7375 6c74 2074 6f20 . result to \n-000374d0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2c20 6f74 variable VAR, ot\n-000374e0: 6865 7277 6973 6520 7072 696e 7420 696e herwise print in\n-000374f0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 formation on the\n-00037500: 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 screen... T\n-00037510: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 he option ...--p\n-00037520: 6172 742d 7575 6964 e280 9920 6973 2063 art-uuid... is c\n-00037530: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 696d urrently only im\n-00037540: 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 666f 7220 4d53 plemented for MS\n-00037550: 444f 530a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2047 5054 DOS. and GPT\n-00037560: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 6973 6b73 formatted disks\n-00037570: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00037580: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 646d info, Node: rdm\n-00037590: 7372 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6561 642c sr, Next: read,\n-000375a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 Prev: probe, \n-000375b0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-000375c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000375d0: 3539 2072 646d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 59 rdmsr.-------\n-000375e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-000375f0: 616e 643a 3a20 7264 6d73 7220 3078 4144 and:: rdmsr 0xAD\n-00037600: 4452 205b 2d76 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a DR [-v VARNAME].\n-00037610: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 Read a mode\n-00037620: 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 l-specific regis\n-00037630: 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 ter at address 0\n-00037640: 7841 4444 522e 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 xADDR. If the pa\n-00037650: 7261 6d65 7465 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 rameter. ...\n-00037660: 2d76 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6420 616e -v... is used an\n-00037670: 6420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 d an environment\n-00037680: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 524e 414d variable VARNAM\n-00037690: 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 E is given, set \n-000376a0: 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f that. enviro\n-000376b0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 nment variable t\n-000376c0: 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 o the value that\n-000376d0: 2077 6173 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 was read... \n-000376e0: 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 Please note tha\n-000376f0: 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 t on SMP systems\n-00037700: 2c20 7265 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 , reading from a\n-00037710: 204d 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 610a MSR that has a.\n-00037720: 2020 2020 2073 636f 7065 2070 6572 2068 scope per h\n-00037730: 6172 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 ardware thread, \n-00037740: 696d 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 implies that the\n-00037750: 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2072 value that is r\n-00037760: 6574 7572 6e65 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c eturned. onl\n-00037770: 7920 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 y applies to the\n-00037780: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f particular cpu/\n-00037790: 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 core/thread that\n-000377a0: 2072 756e 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 runs the. c\n-000377b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c ommand... Al\n-000377c0: 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 so, if you speci\n-000377d0: 6679 2061 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 fy a reserved or\n-000377e0: 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d unimplemented M\n-000377f0: 5352 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 SR address, it. \n-00037800: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 will cause a\n-00037810: 2067 656e 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 general protect\n-00037820: 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 ion exception (w\n-00037830: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 hich is not curr\n-00037840: 656e 746c 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 ently. being\n-00037850: 2068 616e 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 handled) and th\n-00037860: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 e system will re\n-00037870: 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 boot.....File: g\n-00037880: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00037890: 2072 6561 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 read, Next: re\n-000378a0: 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 646d boot, Prev: rdm\n-000378b0: 7372 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 sr, Up: Command\n-000378c0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-000378d0: 3137 2e34 2e36 3020 7265 6164 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.60 read.---\n-000378e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-000378f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6164 205b 2d73 ommand: read [-s\n-00037900: 5d20 5b76 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 ] [var]. Rea\n-00037910: 6420 6120 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 d a line of inpu\n-00037920: 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2075 7365 722e t from the user.\n-00037930: 2020 4966 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d If an environm\n-00037940: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 ent variable VAR\n-00037950: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 . is given, \n-00037960: 7365 7420 7468 6174 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e set that environ\n-00037970: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f ment variable to\n-00037980: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 the line of inp\n-00037990: 7574 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2077 6173 ut that. was\n-000379a0: 2072 6561 642c 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2074 read, with no t\n-000379b0: 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 206e 6577 6c69 erminating newli\n-000379c0: 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 ne. If the para\n-000379d0: 6d65 7465 7220 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 meter ...-s... i\n-000379e0: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 642c 2065 6e61 s. used, ena\n-000379f0: 626c 6520 7369 6c65 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 ble silent mode \n-00037a00: 7768 6572 6520 696e 7075 7420 6973 206e where input is n\n-00037a10: 6f74 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 7468 ot printed to th\n-00037a20: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e e. terminal.\n-00037a30: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00037a40: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f nfo, Node: rebo\n-00037a50: 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6567 6578 ot, Next: regex\n-00037a60: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 p, Prev: read, \n-00037a70: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00037a80: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00037a90: 2e36 3120 7265 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .61 reboot.-----\n-00037aa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00037ab0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 ommand: reboot. \n-00037ac0: 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 Reboot the c\n-00037ad0: 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 omputer.....File\n-00037ae0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00037af0: 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 204e 6578 de: regexp, Nex\n-00037b00: 743a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: rmmod, Prev:\n-00037b10: 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f reboot, Up: Co\n-00037b20: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00037b30: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3632 2072 6567 nds..17.4.62 reg\n-00037b40: 6578 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d exp.------------\n-00037b50: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00037b60: 2072 6567 6578 7020 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b regexp [--set [\n-00037b70: 6e75 6d62 6572 3a5d 7661 725d 2072 6567 number:]var] reg\n-00037b80: 6578 7020 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 exp string. \n-00037b90: 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 7220 Test if regular \n-00037ba0: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2052 4547 4558 expression REGEX\n-00037bb0: 5020 6d61 7463 6865 7320 5354 5249 4e47 P matches STRING\n-00037bc0: 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 0a20 2020 . Supported. \n-00037bd0: 2020 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 regular expres\n-00037be0: 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 504f 5349 582e sions are POSIX.\n-00037bf0: 3220 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2052 6567 756c 2 Extended Regul\n-00037c00: 6172 2045 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2e20 ar Expressions. \n-00037c10: 2049 660a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If. option \n-00037c20: e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 ...--set... is g\n-00037c30: 6976 656e 2c20 7374 6f72 6520 4e55 4d42 iven, store NUMB\n-00037c40: 4552 7468 206d 6174 6368 6564 2073 7562 ERth matched sub\n-00037c50: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2069 6e0a 2020 expression in. \n-00037c60: 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e variable VAR.\n-00037c70: 2020 5375 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 Subexpressions\n-00037c80: 2061 7265 206e 756d 6265 7265 6420 696e are numbered in\n-00037c90: 206f 7264 6572 206f 6620 7468 6569 720a order of their.\n-00037ca0: 2020 2020 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2070 6172 opening par\n-00037cb0: 656e 7468 6573 6573 2073 7461 7274 696e entheses startin\n-00037cc0: 6720 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2e20 g from ...1.... \n-00037cd0: 204e 554d 4245 5220 6465 6661 756c 7473 NUMBER defaults\n-00037ce0: 2074 6f20 e280 9831 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a to ...1........\n-00037cf0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00037d00: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 Node: rmmod, \n-00037d10: 4e65 7874 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 Next: save_env, \n-00037d20: 2050 7265 763a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 Prev: regexp, \n-00037d30: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00037d40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00037d50: 3633 2072 6d6d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 63 rmmod.-------\n-00037d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00037d70: 616e 643a 2072 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c and: rmmod modul\n-00037d80: 650a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 e. Remove a \n-00037d90: 6c6f 6164 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a loaded MODULE...\n-00037da0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00037db0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 o, Node: save_e\n-00037dc0: 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6561 7263 nv, Next: searc\n-00037dd0: 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c h, Prev: rmmod,\n-00037de0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00037df0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00037e00: 342e 3634 2073 6176 655f 656e 760a 2d2d 4.64 save_env.--\n-00037e10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00037e20: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6176 -- Command: sav\n-00037e30: 655f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 e_env [--file fi\n-00037e40: 6c65 5d20 7661 7220 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 le] var .... \n-00037e50: 2053 6176 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 Save the named \n-00037e60: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 variables from t\n-00037e70: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2074 he environment t\n-00037e80: 6f20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e o the environmen\n-00037e90: 740a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c t. block fil\n-00037ea0: 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f e. *Note Enviro\n-00037eb0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a nment block::...\n-00037ec0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 The ...--fi\n-00037ed0: 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 le... option ove\n-00037ee0: 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 rrides the defau\n-00037ef0: 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 lt location of t\n-00037f00: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d he. environm\n-00037f10: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 ent block... \n-00037f20: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 This command wi\n-00037f30: 6c6c 206f 7065 7261 7465 2073 7563 6365 ll operate succe\n-00037f40: 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6576 656e 2077 6865 ssfully even whe\n-00037f50: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 n environment. \n-00037f60: 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 variable ...c\n-00037f70: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 heck_signatures.\n-00037f80: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 .. is set to ...\n-00037f90: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 enforce... (*not\n-00037fa0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 e. check_sig\n-00037fb0: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 7369 6e63 natures::), sinc\n-00037fc0: 6520 6974 2077 7269 7465 7320 746f 2064 e it writes to d\n-00037fd0: 6973 6b20 616e 6420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 isk and does not\n-00037fe0: 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 alter the. \n-00037ff0: 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 4752 5542 behavior of GRUB\n-00038000: 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 616e 7920 636f based on any co\n-00038010: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6469 736b 2074 ntents of disk t\n-00038020: 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7265 hat have been re\n-00038030: 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6973 2070 ad.. It is p\n-00038040: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 206d 6f64 6966 ossible to modif\n-00038050: 7920 6120 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 y a digitally si\n-00038060: 676e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 gned environment\n-00038070: 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 block file. \n-00038080: 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2047 5255 from within GRU\n-00038090: 4220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d B using this com\n-000380a0: 6d61 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 mand, such that \n-000380b0: 6974 7320 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 7769 its signature wi\n-000380c0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 206c 6f6e 6765 ll. no longe\n-000380d0: 7220 6265 2076 616c 6964 206f 6e20 7375 r be valid on su\n-000380e0: 6273 6571 7565 6e74 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 bsequent boots. \n-000380f0: 2043 6172 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 Care should be \n-00038100: 7461 6b65 6e20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7375 taken in. su\n-00038110: 6368 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 636f 6e66 ch advanced conf\n-00038120: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6176 igurations to av\n-00038130: 6f69 6420 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7468 oid rendering th\n-00038140: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 756e e system. un\n-00038150: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 bootable. *Note\n-00038160: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n-00038170: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 ignatures::, for\n-00038180: 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 more. infor\n-00038190: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mation.....File:\n-000381a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000381b0: 653a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 4e65 7874 e: search, Next\n-000381c0: 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5072 6576 : sendkey, Prev\n-000381d0: 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a : save_env, Up:\n-000381e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-000381f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3520 mmands..17.4.65 \n-00038200: 7365 6172 6368 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d search.---------\n-00038210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00038220: 6e64 3a20 7365 6172 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 nd: search [--fi\n-00038230: 6c65 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d le|--label|--fs-\n-00038240: 7575 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 7661 uuid] [--set [va\n-00038250: 725d 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d r]]. [-\n-00038260: 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 7c2d 2d65 6669 -no-floppy|--efi\n-00038270: 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 795d 206e 616d 650a disk-only] name.\n-00038280: 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 Search devi\n-00038290: 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c 6520 28e2 8098 ces by file (...\n-000382a0: 2d66 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 -f..., ...--file\n-000382b0: e280 9929 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d ...), filesystem\n-000382c0: 206c 6162 656c 2028 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 label (...-l...\n-000382d0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c61 6265 ,. ...--labe\n-000382e0: 6ce2 8099 292c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 7379 l...), or filesy\n-000382f0: 7374 656d 2055 5549 4420 28e2 8098 2d75 stem UUID (...-u\n-00038300: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 ..., ...--fs-uui\n-00038310: 64e2 8099 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 d...)... If \n-00038320: 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d73 e280 992c 20e2 the (...-s..., .\n-00038330: 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 ..--set...) opti\n-00038340: 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 on is used, the \n-00038350: 6669 7273 7420 6465 7669 6365 2066 6f75 first device fou\n-00038360: 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2061 nd is. set a\n-00038370: 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 s the value of e\n-00038380: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00038390: 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5468 6520 6465 ble VAR. The de\n-000383a0: 6661 756c 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a20 fault variable. \n-000383b0: 2020 2020 6973 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 is ...root..\n-000383c0: 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 .... The (..\n-000383d0: 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d .-n..., ...--no-\n-000383e0: 666c 6f70 7079 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f floppy...) optio\n-000383f0: 6e20 7072 6576 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 n prevents searc\n-00038400: 6869 6e67 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 7669 hing floppy devi\n-00038410: 6365 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 ces,. which \n-00038420: 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 can be slow... \n-00038430: 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d 2d65 6669 The (...--efi\n-00038440: 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 disk-only...) op\n-00038450: 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7365 tion prevents se\n-00038460: 6172 6368 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f74 6865 arching any othe\n-00038470: 7220 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2074 r devices. t\n-00038480: 6865 6e20 4546 4920 6469 736b 732e 2020 hen EFI disks. \n-00038490: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c This is typicall\n-000384a0: 7920 7573 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 y used when chai\n-000384b0: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f 6361 nloading to loca\n-000384c0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 l. EFI parti\n-000384d0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 tion... The \n-000384e0: e280 9873 6561 7263 682e 6669 6c65 e280 ...search.file..\n-000384f0: 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f ., ...search.fs_\n-00038500: 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 label..., and ..\n-00038510: 9873 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 .search.fs_uuid.\n-00038520: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 .. commands. \n-00038530: 2061 7265 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2066 6f72 are aliases for\n-00038540: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d66 696c ...search --fil\n-00038550: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 e..., ...search \n-00038560: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 --label..., and \n-00038570: e280 9873 6561 7263 680a 2020 2020 202d ...search. -\n-00038580: 2d66 732d 7575 6964 e280 9920 7265 7370 -fs-uuid... resp\n-00038590: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ectively... \n-000385a0: 416c 736f 2068 696e 7473 2061 7320 746f Also hints as to\n-000385b0: 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 which device ma\n-000385c0: 7920 6265 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 y be the most li\n-000385d0: 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 kely to contain \n-000385e0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7365 the. item se\n-000385f0: 6172 6368 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6179 2062 arched for may b\n-00038600: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 e given via the \n-00038610: 28e2 8098 2d68 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d (...-h..., ...--\n-00038620: 6869 6e74 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 hint...) option \n-00038630: 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6465 7669 with. a devi\n-00038640: 6365 206e 616d 6520 6173 2061 6e20 6172 ce name as an ar\n-00038650: 6775 6d65 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 gument. If the \n-00038660: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2065 6e64 7320 7769 argument ends wi\n-00038670: 7468 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 2c0a 2020 2020 th a comma,. \n-00038680: 2074 6865 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 then partitions\n-00038690: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 on the device a\n-000386a0: 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 6172 6368 6564 re also searched\n-000386b0: 2e20 2046 7572 7468 6572 6d6f 7265 2c0a . Furthermore,.\n-000386c0: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7370 platform sp\n-000386d0: 6563 6966 6963 2068 696e 7473 206d 6179 ecific hints may\n-000386e0: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 be given via th\n-000386f0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 20e2 e options. .\n-00038700: 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d69 6565 6531 3237 ..--hint-ieee127\n-00038710: 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 5..., ...--hint-\n-00038720: 6269 6f73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 bios..., ...--hi\n-00038730: 6e74 2d62 6172 656d 6574 616c e280 992c nt-baremetal...,\n-00038740: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d65 6669 e280 ...--hint-efi..\n-00038750: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 982d .,. and ...-\n-00038760: 2d68 696e 742d 6172 63e2 8099 2e20 2057 -hint-arc.... W\n-00038770: 6865 6e20 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 hen specified, t\n-00038780: 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b hese options tak\n-00038790: 6520 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 740a 2020 e an argument. \n-000387a0: 2020 2061 6e64 206f 7065 7261 7465 206c and operate l\n-000387b0: 696b 6520 e280 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 ike ...--hint...\n-000387c0: 2c20 6275 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 , but only on th\n-000387d0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 706c 6174 e specified plat\n-000387e0: 666f 726d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 form.....File: g\n-000387f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00038800: 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 204e 6578 743a sendkey, Next:\n-00038810: 2073 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6561 set, Prev: sea\n-00038820: 7263 682c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e rch, Up: Comman\n-00038830: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00038840: 0a31 372e 342e 3636 2073 656e 646b 6579 .17.4.66 sendkey\n-00038850: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00038860: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n-00038870: 656e 646b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 endkey. \n-00038880: 205b 2d2d 6e75 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d [--num|--caps|-\n-00038890: 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 -scroll|--insert\n-000388a0: 7c2d 2d70 6175 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d |--pause|--left-\n-000388b0: 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 7368 shift|--right-sh\n-000388c0: 6966 747c 2d2d 7379 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 ift|--sysrq|--nu\n-000388d0: 6d6b 6579 7c2d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 7c2d mkey|--capskey|-\n-000388e0: 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 -scrollkey|--ins\n-000388f0: 6572 746b 6579 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 616c ertkey|--left-al\n-00038900: 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 616c 747c 2d2d t|--right-alt|--\n-00038910: 6c65 6674 2d63 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 left-ctrl|--righ\n-00038920: 742d 6374 726c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t-ctrl. \n-00038930: 206f 6e7c 6f66 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d on|off]... [no-\n-00038940: 6c65 645d 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 led] keystroke. \n-00038950: 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 206b 6579 7374 Insert keyst\n-00038960: 726f 6b65 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 206b rokes into the k\n-00038970: 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2077 eyboard buffer w\n-00038980: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 536f hen booting. So\n-00038990: 6d65 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 metimes. an \n-000389a0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-000389b0: 206f 7220 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 or chainloaded \n-000389c0: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7265 7175 boot loader requ\n-000389d0: 6972 6573 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a ires particular.\n-000389e0: 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 746f 2062 6520 keys to be \n-000389f0: 7072 6573 7365 643a 2066 6f72 2065 7861 pressed: for exa\n-00038a00: 6d70 6c65 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 mple, one might \n-00038a10: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6573 7320 610a need to press a.\n-00038a20: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 particular \n-00038a30: 6b65 7920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2022 7361 key to enter \"sa\n-00038a40: 6665 206d 6f64 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 fe mode\", or whe\n-00038a50: 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 n chainloading a\n-00038a60: 6e6f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 nother. boot\n-00038a70: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 loader one migh\n-00038a80: 7420 7365 6e64 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 t send keystroke\n-00038a90: 7320 746f 2069 7420 746f 206e 6176 6967 s to it to navig\n-00038aa0: 6174 6520 6974 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 ate its menu... \n-00038ab0: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6973 2063 Note: This c\n-00038ac0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e ommand is curren\n-00038ad0: 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 tly only availab\n-00038ae0: 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 le on the i386-p\n-00038af0: 630a 2020 2020 2074 6172 6765 742e 0a0a c. target...\n-00038b00: 2020 2020 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2070 726f You may pro\n-00038b10: 7669 6465 2075 7020 746f 2031 3620 6b65 vide up to 16 ke\n-00038b20: 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2028 7468 6520 6c65 ystrokes (the le\n-00038b30: 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 ngth of the BIOS\n-00038b40: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 . keyboard b\n-00038b50: 7566 6665 7229 2e20 204b 6579 7374 726f uffer). Keystro\n-00038b60: 6b65 206e 616d 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 ke names may be \n-00038b70: 7570 7065 722d 6361 7365 206f 7220 6c6f upper-case or lo\n-00038b80: 7765 722d 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 wer-case. le\n-00038b90: 7474 6572 732c 2064 6967 6974 732c 206f tters, digits, o\n-00038ba0: 7220 7461 6b65 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 r taken from the\n-00038bb0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 following table\n-00038bc0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d65 2020 2020 :.. Name \n+0002d960: 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 7075 626c 6963 Add public\n+0002d970: 206b 6579 2074 6f20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 key to list of \n+0002d980: 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 0a2a 2075 trusted keys.* u\n+0002d990: 6e73 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nset:: \n+0002d9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e73 Uns\n+0002d9b0: 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e et an environmen\n+0002d9c0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2076 6572 t variable.* ver\n+0002d9d0: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2020 ify_detached:: \n+0002d9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 6966 Verif\n+0002d9f0: 7920 6465 7461 6368 6564 2064 6967 6974 y detached digit\n+0002da00: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 0a2a 2076 al signature.* v\n+0002da10: 6964 656f 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 ideoinfo:: \n+0002da20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 Lis\n+0002da30: 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 t available vide\n+0002da40: 6f20 6d6f 6465 730a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a o modes.* wrmsr:\n+0002da50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002da60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 6974 6520 7661 Write va\n+0002da70: 6c75 6573 2074 6f20 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 lues to model-sp\n+0002da80: 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 ecific registers\n+0002da90: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002daa0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b2c 2020 nfo, Node: [, \n+0002dab0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 2055 703a Next: acpi, Up:\n+0002dac0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0002dad0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 205b mmands..17.4.1 [\n+0002dae0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 .--------.. -- C\n+0002daf0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 5b20 6578 7072 6573 ommand: [ expres\n+0002db00: 7369 6f6e 205d 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 sion ]. Alia\n+0002db10: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9874 6573 7420 4558 s for ...test EX\n+0002db20: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e e280 9920 282a 6e6f PRESSION... (*no\n+0002db30: 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 te test::).....F\n+0002db40: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002db50: 204e 6f64 653a 2061 6370 692c 2020 4e65 Node: acpi, Ne\n+0002db60: 7874 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 xt: authenticate\n+0002db70: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 205b 2c20 2055 703a , Prev: [, Up:\n+0002db80: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0002db90: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 2061 mmands..17.4.2 a\n+0002dba0: 6370 690a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a cpi.-----------.\n+0002dbb0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6163 . -- Command: ac\n+0002dbc0: 7069 205b 2d31 7c2d 325d 205b 2d2d 6578 pi [-1|-2] [--ex\n+0002dbd0: 636c 7564 653d 7461 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e clude=table1,...\n+0002dbe0: 7c2d 2d6c 6f61 642d 6f6e 6c79 3d74 6162 |--load-only=tab\n+0002dbf0: 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 le1,...]. \n+0002dc00: 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d69 643d 6964 5d20 [--oemid=id] \n+0002dc10: 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 653d 7461 626c [--oemtable=tabl\n+0002dc20: 655d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 7265 e] [--oemtablere\n+0002dc30: 763d 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 v=rev]. \n+0002dc40: 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 [--oemtablecrea\n+0002dc50: 746f 723d 6372 6561 746f 725d 205b 2d2d tor=creator] [--\n+0002dc60: 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 7272 oemtablecreatorr\n+0002dc70: 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ev=rev]. \n+0002dc80: 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 5d20 6669 [--no-ebda] fi\n+0002dc90: 6c65 6e61 6d65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 lename .... \n+0002dca0: 4d6f 6465 726e 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 Modern BIOS syst\n+0002dcb0: 656d 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 ems normally imp\n+0002dcc0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 2041 6476 616e lement the Advan\n+0002dcd0: 6365 6420 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ced Configuratio\n+0002dce0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2050 6f77 6572 n. and Power\n+0002dcf0: 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2028 4143 5049 Interface (ACPI\n+0002dd00: 292c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 696e 6520 7661 ), and define va\n+0002dd10: 7269 6f75 7320 7461 626c 6573 2074 6861 rious tables tha\n+0002dd20: 7420 6465 7363 7269 6265 0a20 2020 2020 t describe. \n+0002dd30: 7468 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6265 the interface be\n+0002dd40: 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2041 4350 492d 636f tween an ACPI-co\n+0002dd50: 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e mpliant operatin\n+0002dd60: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 2074 6865 g system and the\n+0002dd70: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 . firmware. \n+0002dd80: 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 In some cases, \n+0002dd90: 7468 6520 7461 626c 6573 2070 726f 7669 the tables provi\n+0002dda0: 6465 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206f ded by default o\n+0002ddb0: 6e6c 7920 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7765 nly work. we\n+0002ddc0: 6c6c 2077 6974 6820 6365 7274 6169 6e20 ll with certain \n+0002ddd0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+0002dde0: 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 s, and it may be\n+0002ddf0: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f0a 2020 necessary to. \n+0002de00: 2020 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2073 6f6d 6520 replace some \n+0002de10: 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e of them... N\n+0002de20: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f ormally, this co\n+0002de30: 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6c61 mmand will repla\n+0002de40: 6365 2074 6865 2052 6f6f 7420 5379 7374 ce the Root Syst\n+0002de50: 656d 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a20 em Description. \n+0002de60: 2020 2020 506f 696e 7465 7220 2852 5344 Pointer (RSD\n+0002de70: 5029 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e64 P) in the Extend\n+0002de80: 6564 2042 494f 5320 4461 7461 2041 7265 ed BIOS Data Are\n+0002de90: 6120 746f 2070 6f69 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 a to point to th\n+0002dea0: 6520 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 e new. table\n+0002deb0: 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d s. If the ...--\n+0002dec0: 6e6f 2d65 6264 61e2 8099 206f 7074 696f no-ebda... optio\n+0002ded0: 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 206e n is used, the n\n+0002dee0: 6577 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 ew tables will b\n+0002def0: 650a 2020 2020 206b 6e6f 776e 206f 6e6c e. known onl\n+0002df00: 7920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 206d y to GRUB, but m\n+0002df10: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 4752 ay be used by GR\n+0002df20: 5542 2773 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 UB's EFI emulati\n+0002df30: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 on... Note: \n+0002df40: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e The command is n\n+0002df50: 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 ot allowed when \n+0002df60: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f lockdown is enfo\n+0002df70: 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 rced (*note. \n+0002df80: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 204f Lockdown::). O\n+0002df90: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2061 6e20 6174 7461 therwise an atta\n+0002dfa0: 636b 6572 2063 616e 2069 6e73 7472 7563 cker can instruc\n+0002dfb0: 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6c6f t the GRUB to lo\n+0002dfc0: 6164 0a20 2020 2020 616e 2053 5344 5420 ad. an SSDT \n+0002dfd0: 7461 626c 6520 746f 206f 7665 7277 7269 table to overwri\n+0002dfe0: 7465 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6c6f te the kernel lo\n+0002dff0: 636b 646f 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ckdown configura\n+0002e000: 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 tion and. la\n+0002e010: 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 2061 6e64 2065 7865 ter load and exe\n+0002e020: 6375 7465 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 636f cute unsigned co\n+0002e030: 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 de.....File: gru\n+0002e040: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 b.info, Node: a\n+0002e050: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 4e65 uthenticate, Ne\n+0002e060: 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 xt: background_c\n+0002e070: 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 6370 olor, Prev: acp\n+0002e080: 692c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d i, Up: Command-\n+0002e090: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0002e0a0: 372e 342e 3320 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7.4.3 authentica\n+0002e0b0: 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d te.-------------\n+0002e0c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002e0d0: 616e 643a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 and: authenticat\n+0002e0e0: 6520 5b75 7365 726c 6973 745d 0a20 2020 e [userlist]. \n+0002e0f0: 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 Check whether \n+0002e100: 7573 6572 2069 7320 696e 2055 5345 524c user is in USERL\n+0002e110: 4953 5420 6f72 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e IST or listed in\n+0002e120: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 the value of. \n+0002e130: 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9873 variable ...s\n+0002e140: 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2e20 2053 uperusers.... S\n+0002e150: 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2073 7570 6572 7573 ee *note superus\n+0002e160: 6572 733a 3a20 666f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 ers:: for valid \n+0002e170: 7573 6572 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 2066 user list. f\n+0002e180: 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7375 ormat. If ...su\n+0002e190: 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 2065 perusers... is e\n+0002e1a0: 6d70 7479 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 mpty, this comma\n+0002e1b0: 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 7275 652e nd returns true.\n+0002e1c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 . *Note Secu\n+0002e1d0: 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a rity::.....File:\n+0002e1e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002e1f0: 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f e: background_co\n+0002e200: 6c6f 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b lor, Next: back\n+0002e210: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 2050 ground_image, P\n+0002e220: 7265 763a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 rev: authenticat\n+0002e230: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n+0002e240: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0002e250: 372e 342e 3420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 7.4.4 background\n+0002e260: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _color.---------\n+0002e270: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002e280: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 -- Command: bac\n+0002e290: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 7220 636f kground_color co\n+0002e2a0: 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 lor. Set bac\n+0002e2b0: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f kground color fo\n+0002e2c0: 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 r active termina\n+0002e2d0: 6c2e 2020 466f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 636f l. For valid co\n+0002e2e0: 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 lor. specifi\n+0002e2f0: 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 cations see *not\n+0002e300: 6520 436f 6c6f 7273 3a20 5468 656d 6520 e Colors: Theme \n+0002e310: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4261 file format. Ba\n+0002e320: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 636f ckground. co\n+0002e330: 6c6f 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 lor can be chang\n+0002e340: 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 ed only when usi\n+0002e350: 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 ng ...gfxterm...\n+0002e360: 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 for terminal ou\n+0002e370: 7470 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 tput... This\n+0002e380: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6574 7320 636f command sets co\n+0002e390: 6c6f 7220 6f66 2065 6d70 7479 2061 7265 lor of empty are\n+0002e3a0: 6173 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6578 742e as without text.\n+0002e3b0: 2020 5465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b Text. back\n+0002e3c0: 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 7320 ground color is \n+0002e3d0: 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 656e controlled by en\n+0002e3e0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0002e3f0: 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f4e les. COLOR_N\n+0002e400: 4f52 4d41 4c2c 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 ORMAL, COLOR_HIG\n+0002e410: 484c 4947 4854 2c20 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c HLIGHT, MENU_COL\n+0002e420: 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 0a20 2020 2020 OR_NORMAL,. \n+0002e430: 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c MENU_COLOR_HIGHL\n+0002e440: 4947 4854 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 7065 IGHT. *Note Spe\n+0002e450: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+0002e460: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f variables::....\n+0002e470: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002e480: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f , Node: backgro\n+0002e490: 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 4e65 7874 und_image, Next\n+0002e4a0: 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2050 7265 763a : badram, Prev:\n+0002e4b0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f background_colo\n+0002e4c0: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d r, Up: Command-\n+0002e4d0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0002e4e0: 372e 342e 3520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 7.4.5 background\n+0002e4f0: 5f69 6d61 6765 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _image.---------\n+0002e500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002e510: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 -- Command: bac\n+0002e520: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 6520 5b5b kground_image [[\n+0002e530: 2d2d 6d6f 6465 2073 7472 6574 6368 7c6e --mode stretch|n\n+0002e540: 6f72 6d61 6c5d 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 ormal] file]. \n+0002e550: 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e Load backgroun\n+0002e560: 6420 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 6163 7469 d image for acti\n+0002e570: 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6672 6f6d ve terminal from\n+0002e580: 2046 494c 452e 2020 496d 6167 6520 6973 FILE. Image is\n+0002e590: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7265 7463 6865 6420 . stretched \n+0002e5a0: 746f 2066 696c 6c20 7570 2065 6e74 6972 to fill up entir\n+0002e5b0: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e screen unless \n+0002e5c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6465 option ...--mode\n+0002e5d0: e280 9920 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 ... ...normal...\n+0002e5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e 2e20 . is given. \n+0002e5f0: 2057 6974 686f 7574 2061 7267 756d 656e Without argumen\n+0002e600: 7473 2072 656d 6f76 6520 6375 7272 656e ts remove curren\n+0002e610: 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6163 6b67 tly loaded backg\n+0002e620: 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 round. image\n+0002e630: 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d . Background im\n+0002e640: 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 age can be chang\n+0002e650: 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 ed only when usi\n+0002e660: 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 ng ...gfxterm...\n+0002e670: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e . for termin\n+0002e680: 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 al output.....Fi\n+0002e690: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002e6a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 204e Node: badram, N\n+0002e6b0: 6578 743a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 ext: blocklist, \n+0002e6c0: 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e Prev: backgroun\n+0002e6d0: 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f d_image, Up: Co\n+0002e6e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002e6f0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3620 6261 6472 nds..17.4.6 badr\n+0002e700: 616d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d am.-------------\n+0002e710: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 .. -- Command: b\n+0002e720: 6164 7261 6d20 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b5b adram addr,mask[\n+0002e730: 2c61 6464 722c 6d61 736b 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 ,addr,mask...]. \n+0002e740: 2020 2020 4669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 2062 Filter out b\n+0002e750: 6164 2052 414d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ad RAM... Th\n+0002e760: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 is command notif\n+0002e770: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d ies the memory m\n+0002e780: 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 anager that spec\n+0002e790: 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 ified regions of\n+0002e7a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 . RAM ought \n+0002e7b0: 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f to be filtered o\n+0002e7c0: 7574 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2062 6563 ut (usually, bec\n+0002e7d0: 6175 7365 2074 6865 7927 7265 2064 616d ause they're dam\n+0002e7e0: 6167 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 aged).. This\n+0002e7f0: 2072 656d 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 remains in effe\n+0002e800: 6374 2061 6674 6572 2061 2070 6179 6c6f ct after a paylo\n+0002e810: 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 ad kernel has be\n+0002e820: 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 en loaded by. \n+0002e830: 2020 4752 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 GRUB, as long \n+0002e840: 6173 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6b65 as the loaded ke\n+0002e850: 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 rnel obtains its\n+0002e860: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d memory map from\n+0002e870: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e20 204b 6572 . GRUB. Ker\n+0002e880: 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 nels that suppor\n+0002e890: 7420 7468 6973 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 204c t this include L\n+0002e8a0: 696e 7578 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 inux, GNU Mach, \n+0002e8b0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 the. kernel \n+0002e8c0: 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d of FreeBSD and M\n+0002e8d0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 ultiboot kernels\n+0002e8e0: 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 in general... \n+0002e8f0: 2020 2053 796e 7461 7820 6973 2074 6865 Syntax is the\n+0002e900: 2073 616d 6520 6173 2070 726f 7669 6465 same as provide\n+0002e910: 6420 6279 2074 6865 204d 656d 7465 7374 d by the Memtest\n+0002e920: 3836 2b20 7574 696c 6974 790a 2020 2020 86+ utility. \n+0002e930: 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e6d 656d (http://www.mem\n+0002e940: 7465 7374 2e6f 7267 2f29 3a20 6120 6c69 test.org/): a li\n+0002e950: 7374 206f 6620 6164 6472 6573 732f 6d61 st of address/ma\n+0002e960: 736b 2070 6169 7273 2e20 2047 6976 656e sk pairs. Given\n+0002e970: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 a. page-ali\n+0002e980: 676e 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 gned address and\n+0002e990: 2061 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 a base address \n+0002e9a0: 2f20 6d61 736b 2070 6169 722c 2069 6620 / mask pair, if \n+0002e9b0: 616c 6c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6974 all the. bit\n+0002e9c0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6167 652d 616c s of the page-al\n+0002e9d0: 6967 6e65 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 igned address th\n+0002e9e0: 6174 2061 7265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 at are enabled b\n+0002e9f0: 7920 7468 6520 6d61 736b 206d 6174 6368 y the mask match\n+0002ea00: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 . with the b\n+0002ea10: 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 7420 ase address, it \n+0002ea20: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6973 2070 6167 6520 means this page \n+0002ea30: 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 is to be filtere\n+0002ea40: 642e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7379 d. This. sy\n+0002ea50: 6e74 6178 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 ntax makes it ea\n+0002ea60: 7379 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 sy to represent \n+0002ea70: 7061 7474 6572 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 patterns that ar\n+0002ea80: 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 7265 7375 6c74 206f e often result o\n+0002ea90: 660a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6461 f. memory da\n+0002eaa0: 6d61 6765 2c20 6475 6520 746f 2070 6879 mage, due to phy\n+0002eab0: 7369 6361 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 sical distributi\n+0002eac0: 6f6e 206f 6620 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 656c on of memory cel\n+0002ead0: 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f ls... The co\n+0002eae0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 mmand is similar\n+0002eaf0: 2074 6f20 e280 9863 7574 6d65 6de2 8099 to ...cutmem...\n+0002eb00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 command... \n+0002eb10: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Note: The comman\n+0002eb20: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 d is not allowed\n+0002eb30: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n+0002eb40: 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 s enforced (*not\n+0002eb50: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a e. Lockdown:\n+0002eb60: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e :). This preven\n+0002eb70: 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 ts removing EFI \n+0002eb80: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 memory regions t\n+0002eb90: 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c o. potential\n+0002eba0: 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 ly subvert the s\n+0002ebb0: 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 ecurity mechanis\n+0002ebc0: 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 ms provided by t\n+0002ebd0: 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 he UEFI. sec\n+0002ebe0: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ure boot.....Fil\n+0002ebf0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002ec00: 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 ode: blocklist, \n+0002ec10: 204e 6578 743a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 Next: boot, Pr\n+0002ec20: 6576 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2055 703a ev: badram, Up:\n+0002ec30: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0002ec40: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 2062 mmands..17.4.7 b\n+0002ec50: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d locklist.-------\n+0002ec60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002ec70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 ommand: blocklis\n+0002ec80: 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e t file. Prin\n+0002ec90: 7420 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2028 t a block list (\n+0002eca0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 *note Block list\n+0002ecb0: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2066 6f72 2046 syntax::) for F\n+0002ecc0: 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ILE.....File: gr\n+0002ecd0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002ece0: 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6174 boot, Next: cat\n+0002ecf0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 , Prev: blockli\n+0002ed00: 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 st, Up: Command\n+0002ed10: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002ed20: 3137 2e34 2e38 2062 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.8 boot.----\n+0002ed30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002ed40: 6d61 6e64 3a20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 mand: boot. \n+0002ed50: 426f 6f74 2074 6865 204f 5320 6f72 2063 Boot the OS or c\n+0002ed60: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 7220 7768 6963 hain-loader whic\n+0002ed70: 6820 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 h has been loade\n+0002ed80: 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206e 6563 6573 7361 d. Only necessa\n+0002ed90: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2072 756e 6e69 ry. if runni\n+0002eda0: 6e67 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c79 2069 6e74 ng the fully int\n+0002edb0: 6572 6163 7469 7665 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 eractive command\n+0002edc0: 2d6c 696e 6520 2869 7420 6973 2069 6d70 -line (it is imp\n+0002edd0: 6c69 6369 7420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7468 licit at. th\n+0002ede0: 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2061 206d 656e 7520 e end of a menu \n+0002edf0: 656e 7472 7929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a entry).....File:\n+0002ee00: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002ee10: 653a 2063 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 e: cat, Next: c\n+0002ee20: 6c65 6172 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6f6f lear, Prev: boo\n+0002ee30: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n+0002ee40: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0002ee50: 372e 342e 3920 6361 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.9 cat.------\n+0002ee60: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002ee70: 643a 2063 6174 205b 2d2d 646f 735d 2066 d: cat [--dos] f\n+0002ee80: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 ile. Display\n+0002ee90: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+0002eea0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 2e20 the file FILE. \n+0002eeb0: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d61 This command ma\n+0002eec0: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 y be useful. \n+0002eed0: 2074 6f20 7265 6d69 6e64 2079 6f75 206f to remind you o\n+0002eee0: 6620 796f 7572 204f 5327 7320 726f 6f74 f your OS's root\n+0002eef0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 partition:.. \n+0002ef00: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2063 6174 grub> cat\n+0002ef10: 202f 6574 632f 6673 7461 620a 0a20 2020 /etc/fstab.. \n+0002ef20: 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 646f If the ...--do\n+0002ef30: 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 s... option is u\n+0002ef40: 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 6361 7272 6961 sed, then carria\n+0002ef50: 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 2f20 6e65 7720 ge return / new \n+0002ef60: 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6972 7320 line. pairs \n+0002ef70: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 will be displaye\n+0002ef80: 6420 6173 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6e65 d as a simple ne\n+0002ef90: 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 w line. Otherwi\n+0002efa0: 7365 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6172 se, the. car\n+0002efb0: 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 2077 696c riage return wil\n+0002efc0: 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2061 l be displayed a\n+0002efd0: 7320 6120 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6368 6172 s a control char\n+0002efe0: 6163 7465 7220 28e2 8098 3c64 3ee2 8099 acter (......\n+0002eff0: 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 ) to. make i\n+0002f000: 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6520 t easier to see \n+0002f010: 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f62 6c65 when boot proble\n+0002f020: 6d73 2061 7265 2063 6175 7365 6420 6279 ms are caused by\n+0002f030: 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 a file. for\n+0002f040: 6d61 7474 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4f53 matted using DOS\n+0002f050: 2d73 7479 6c65 206c 696e 6520 656e 6469 -style line endi\n+0002f060: 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a ngs... Note:\n+0002f070: 20e2 8098 6361 74e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 ...cat... can b\n+0002f080: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7669 6577 2074 e used to view t\n+0002f090: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 he contents of d\n+0002f0a0: 6576 6963 6573 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 evices using the\n+0002f0b0: 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 . block list\n+0002f0c0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 syntax (*note B\n+0002f0d0: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 lock list syntax\n+0002f0e0: 3a3a 292e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 ::). However, i\n+0002f0f0: 7420 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6164 t is not. ad\n+0002f100: 7669 7365 6420 746f 2076 6965 7720 6269 vised to view bi\n+0002f110: 6e61 7279 2064 6174 6120 6265 6361 7573 nary data becaus\n+0002f120: 6520 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f e it will try to\n+0002f130: 2064 6563 6f64 6520 5554 462d 380a 2020 decode UTF-8. \n+0002f140: 2020 2073 7472 696e 6773 2c20 7768 6963 strings, whic\n+0002f150: 6820 6361 6e20 6c65 6164 2074 6f20 736f h can lead to so\n+0002f160: 6d65 2062 7974 6573 206d 6973 7369 6e67 me bytes missing\n+0002f170: 206f 7220 6164 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 or added in the\n+0002f180: 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2049 . output. I\n+0002f190: 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 nstead, use the \n+0002f1a0: e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 e280 9920 636f ...hexdump... co\n+0002f1b0: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6578 mmand (*note hex\n+0002f1c0: 6475 6d70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 dump::).....File\n+0002f1d0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002f1e0: 6465 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 4e65 7874 de: clear, Next\n+0002f1f0: 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5072 : cmosclean, Pr\n+0002f200: 6576 3a20 6361 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ev: cat, Up: Co\n+0002f210: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002f220: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3130 2063 6c65 nds..17.4.10 cle\n+0002f230: 6172 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ar.-------------\n+0002f240: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n+0002f250: 6c65 6172 0a20 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 lear. Clear \n+0002f260: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 the screen.....F\n+0002f270: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002f280: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e Node: cmosclean\n+0002f290: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d , Next: cmosdum\n+0002f2a0: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636c 6561 722c p, Prev: clear,\n+0002f2b0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002f2c0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002f2d0: 342e 3131 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 0a2d 4.11 cmosclean.-\n+0002f2e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002f2f0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n+0002f300: 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2062 7974 653a 6269 mosclean byte:bi\n+0002f310: 740a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2076 616c t. Clear val\n+0002f320: 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f ue of bit in CMO\n+0002f330: 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 S at location BY\n+0002f340: 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f TE:BIT. This co\n+0002f350: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 mmand is. av\n+0002f360: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 ailable only on \n+0002f370: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 platforms that s\n+0002f380: 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a upport CMOS.....\n+0002f390: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002f3a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 Node: cmosdump\n+0002f3b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 , Next: cmostes\n+0002f3c0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 636c t, Prev: cmoscl\n+0002f3d0: 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ean, Up: Comman\n+0002f3e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0002f3f0: 0a31 372e 342e 3132 2063 6d6f 7364 756d .17.4.12 cmosdum\n+0002f400: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n+0002f410: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 4475 6d70 3a20 434d --.. -- Dump: CM\n+0002f420: 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 730a 2020 2020 OS contents. \n+0002f430: 2044 756d 7020 6675 6c6c 2043 4d4f 5320 Dump full CMOS \n+0002f440: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2061 7320 6865 7861 contents as hexa\n+0002f450: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 decimal values. \n+0002f460: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n+0002f470: 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 . available \n+0002f480: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d only on platform\n+0002f490: 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 s that support C\n+0002f4a0: 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 MOS.....File: gr\n+0002f4b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002f4c0: 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a cmostest, Next:\n+0002f4d0: 2063 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f cmp, Prev: cmo\n+0002f4e0: 7364 756d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d sdump, Up: Comm\n+0002f4f0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002f500: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3133 2063 6d6f 7374 s..17.4.13 cmost\n+0002f510: 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d est.------------\n+0002f520: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002f530: 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 7420 6279 7465 d: cmostest byte\n+0002f540: 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2076 :bit. Test v\n+0002f550: 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e 2043 alue of bit in C\n+0002f560: 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 MOS at location \n+0002f570: 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2045 7869 7420 BYTE:BIT. Exit \n+0002f580: 7374 6174 7573 2069 730a 2020 2020 207a status is. z\n+0002f590: 6572 6f20 6966 2062 6974 2069 7320 7365 ero if bit is se\n+0002f5a0: 742c 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 6f74 6865 t, non zero othe\n+0002f5b0: 7277 6973 652e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d rwise. This com\n+0002f5c0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c mand is availabl\n+0002f5d0: 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 e. only on p\n+0002f5e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 latforms that su\n+0002f5f0: 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 pport CMOS.....F\n+0002f600: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002f610: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 Node: cmp, Nex\n+0002f620: 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 t: configfile, \n+0002f630: 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 Prev: cmostest, \n+0002f640: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002f650: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0002f660: 2e31 3420 636d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .14 cmp.--------\n+0002f670: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002f680: 3a20 636d 7020 5b2d 765d 2066 696c 6531 : cmp [-v] file1\n+0002f690: 2066 696c 6532 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 file2. Comp\n+0002f6a0: 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c are the file FIL\n+0002f6b0: 4531 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 6c65 E1 with the file\n+0002f6c0: 2046 494c 4532 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6579 FILE2. If they\n+0002f6d0: 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c 790a are completely.\n+0002f6e0: 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 identical, \n+0002f6f0: e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ...$?... will be\n+0002f700: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 302e 2020 4f74 6865 set to 0. Othe\n+0002f710: 7277 6973 652c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6669 rwise, if the fi\n+0002f720: 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 les are not. \n+0002f730: 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 identical, ...$\n+0002f740: 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 ?... will be set\n+0002f750: 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 to a nonzero va\n+0002f760: 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 lue... By de\n+0002f770: 6661 756c 7420 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7769 fault nothing wi\n+0002f780: 6c6c 2062 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2049 ll be output. I\n+0002f790: 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 76e2 8099 2069 f the ...-v... i\n+0002f7a0: 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7665 7262 6f73 650a s used, verbose.\n+0002f7b0: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 6973 2065 6e61 mode is ena\n+0002f7c0: 626c 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 206d bled. In this m\n+0002f7d0: 6f64 6520 7768 656e 2077 6865 6e20 7468 ode when when th\n+0002f7e0: 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6469 6666 6572 2069 e files differ i\n+0002f7f0: 6e20 7369 7a65 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 7269 n size,. pri\n+0002f800: 6e74 2074 6865 2073 697a 6573 206c 696b nt the sizes lik\n+0002f810: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e this:.. \n+0002f820: 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 696e 2073 697a Differ in siz\n+0002f830: 653a 2030 7831 3233 3420 5b66 6f6f 5d2c e: 0x1234 [foo],\n+0002f840: 2030 7834 3332 3120 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a20 0x4321 [bar].. \n+0002f850: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2073 697a 6573 If the sizes\n+0002f860: 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 2062 7574 2074 are equal but t\n+0002f870: 6865 2062 7974 6573 2061 7420 616e 206f he bytes at an o\n+0002f880: 6666 7365 7420 6469 6666 6572 2c20 7468 ffset differ, th\n+0002f890: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7420 7468 en. print th\n+0002f8a0: 6520 6279 7465 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 e bytes like thi\n+0002f8b0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 s:.. Di\n+0002f8c0: 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 6520 6f66 6673 ffer at the offs\n+0002f8d0: 6574 2037 3737 3a20 3078 6265 205b 666f et 777: 0xbe [fo\n+0002f8e0: 6f5d 2c20 3078 6566 205b 6261 725d 0a0a o], 0xef [bar]..\n+0002f8f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002f900: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 o, Node: config\n+0002f910: 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7075 file, Next: cpu\n+0002f920: 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d70 2c20 id, Prev: cmp, \n+0002f930: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002f940: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0002f950: 2e31 3520 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 0a2d .15 configfile.-\n+0002f960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002f970: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002f980: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2066 696c 650a configfile file.\n+0002f990: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 Load FILE a\n+0002f9a0: 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f s a configuratio\n+0002f9b0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 4649 4c45 n file. If FILE\n+0002f9c0: 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 6e79 206d 656e defines any men\n+0002f9d0: 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 u. entries, \n+0002f9e0: 7468 656e 2073 686f 7720 6120 6d65 6e75 then show a menu\n+0002f9f0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 656d containing them\n+0002fa00: 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 2041 immediately. A\n+0002fa10: 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ny. environm\n+0002fa20: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 ent variable cha\n+0002fa30: 6e67 6573 206d 6164 6520 6279 2074 6865 nges made by the\n+0002fa40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2046 494c commands in FIL\n+0002fa50: 4520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 E will not. \n+0002fa60: 6265 2070 7265 7365 7276 6564 2061 6674 be preserved aft\n+0002fa70: 6572 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 er ...configfile\n+0002fa80: e280 9920 7265 7475 726e 732e 0a0a 1f0a ... returns.....\n+0002fa90: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002faa0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 Node: cpuid, \n+0002fab0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5072 6576 Next: crc, Prev\n+0002fac0: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 : configfile, U\n+0002fad0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002fae0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 commands..17.4.1\n+0002faf0: 3620 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 cpuid.--------\n+0002fb00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002fb10: 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 6420 5b2d 6c5d 205b nd: cpuid [-l] [\n+0002fb20: 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 -p]. Check f\n+0002fb30: 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 732e or CPU features.\n+0002fb40: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 This command i\n+0002fb50: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n+0002fb60: 206f 6e20 7838 360a 2020 2020 2073 7973 on x86. sys\n+0002fb70: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 tems... With\n+0002fb80: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 the ...-l... op\n+0002fb90: 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 tion, return tru\n+0002fba0: 6520 6966 2074 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 e if the CPU sup\n+0002fbb0: 706f 7274 7320 6c6f 6e67 206d 6f64 650a ports long mode.\n+0002fbc0: 2020 2020 2028 3634 2d62 6974 292e 0a0a (64-bit)...\n+0002fbd0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 With the ..\n+0002fbe0: 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 .-p... option, r\n+0002fbf0: 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 eturn true if th\n+0002fc00: 6520 4350 5520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2050 e CPU supports P\n+0002fc10: 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 hysical. Add\n+0002fc20: 7265 7373 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2028 ress Extension (\n+0002fc30: 5041 4529 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 PAE)... If i\n+0002fc40: 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 206f nvoked without o\n+0002fc50: 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d ptions, this com\n+0002fc60: 6d61 6e64 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2062 mand currently b\n+0002fc70: 6568 6176 6573 2061 7320 6966 2069 740a ehaves as if it.\n+0002fc80: 2020 2020 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e20 696e had been in\n+0002fc90: 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d6c voked with ...-l\n+0002fca0: e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 2063 .... This may c\n+0002fcb0: 6861 6e67 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 hange in the fut\n+0002fcc0: 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ure.....File: gr\n+0002fcd0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002fce0: 6372 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 7970 crc, Next: cryp\n+0002fcf0: 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 tomount, Prev: \n+0002fd00: 6370 7569 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d cpuid, Up: Comm\n+0002fd10: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002fd20: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3137 2063 7263 0a2d s..17.4.17 crc.-\n+0002fd30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002fd40: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7263 2061 7267 Command: crc arg\n+0002fd50: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 .... Alias \n+0002fd60: 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d for ...hashsum -\n+0002fd70: 2d68 6173 6820 6372 6333 3220 6172 6720 -hash crc32 arg \n+0002fd80: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d ....... See com\n+0002fd90: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 mand ...hashsum.\n+0002fda0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 ... (*note h\n+0002fdb0: 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 ashsum::) for fu\n+0002fdc0: 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a ll description..\n+0002fdd0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002fde0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7279 7074 fo, Node: crypt\n+0002fdf0: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 omount, Next: c\n+0002fe00: 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6372 utmem, Prev: cr\n+0002fe10: 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d c, Up: Command-\n+0002fe20: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0002fe30: 372e 342e 3138 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 7.4.18 cryptomou\n+0002fe40: 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nt.-------------\n+0002fe50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002fe60: 616e 643a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 and: cryptomount\n+0002fe70: 205b 205b 2d70 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d [ [-p password]\n+0002fe80: 207c 205b 2d6b 206b 6579 6669 6c65 205b | [-k keyfile [\n+0002fe90: 2d4f 206b 6579 6f66 6673 6574 5d0a 2020 -O keyoffset]. \n+0002fea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 5320 6b65 7973 [-S keys\n+0002feb0: 697a 655d 205d 205d 205b 2d48 2066 696c ize] ] ] [-H fil\n+0002fec0: 655d 2064 6576 6963 657c 2d75 2075 7569 e] device|-u uui\n+0002fed0: 647c 2d61 7c2d 620a 2020 2020 2053 6574 d|-a|-b. Set\n+0002fee0: 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2065 6e63 up access to enc\n+0002fef0: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 rypted device. \n+0002ff00: 4120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2077 696c A passphrase wil\n+0002ff10: 6c20 6265 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 0a20 l be requested. \n+0002ff20: 2020 2020 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c interactivel\n+0002ff30: 792c 2069 6620 6e65 6974 6865 7220 7468 y, if neither th\n+0002ff40: 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206e 6f72 20e2 e ...-p... nor .\n+0002ff50: 8098 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 ..-k... options \n+0002ff60: 6172 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a are given. The.\n+0002ff70: 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d option ...-\n+0002ff80: 70e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 p... can be used\n+0002ff90: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2061 2070 6173 to supply a pas\n+0002ffa0: 7370 6872 6173 6520 2875 7365 6675 6c20 sphrase (useful \n+0002ffb0: 666f 720a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 7473 for. scripts\n+0002ffc0: 292e 2020 416c 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c ). Alternativel\n+0002ffd0: 7920 7468 6520 e280 982d 6be2 8099 206f y the ...-k... o\n+0002ffe0: 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 ption can be use\n+0002fff0: 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 610a 2020 d to supply a. \n+00030000: 2020 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2077 6974 6820 keyfile with \n+00030010: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 options ...-O...\n+00030020: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 6f70 and ...-S... op\n+00030030: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2073 7570 706c 7969 tionally supplyi\n+00030040: 6e67 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 740a 2020 ng the offset. \n+00030050: 2020 2061 6e64 2073 697a 652c 2072 6573 and size, res\n+00030060: 7065 6374 6976 656c 792c 206f 6620 7468 pectively, of th\n+00030070: 6520 6b65 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 7468 e key data in th\n+00030080: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 7920 6669 6c65 e given key file\n+00030090: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d . The. ...-\n+000300a0: 48e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2063 616e H... options can\n+000300b0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 be used to supp\n+000300c0: 6c79 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2062 ly cryptomount b\n+000300d0: 6163 6b65 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 6e0a ackends with an.\n+000300e0: 2020 2020 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 alternative\n+000300f0: 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 2028 616b header file (ak\n+00030100: 6120 6465 7461 6368 6564 2068 6561 6465 a detached heade\n+00030110: 7229 2e20 204e 6f74 2061 6c6c 2062 6163 r). Not all bac\n+00030120: 6b65 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2068 6176 6520 kends. have \n+00030130: 6865 6164 6572 7320 6e6f 7220 7375 7070 headers nor supp\n+00030140: 6f72 7420 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 ort alternative \n+00030150: 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 2028 6375 header files (cu\n+00030160: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 rrently only. \n+00030170: 2020 4c55 4b53 3120 616e 6420 4c55 4b53 LUKS1 and LUKS\n+00030180: 3220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656d 292e 2 support them).\n+00030190: 2020 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 2044 4556 4943 Argument DEVIC\n+000301a0: 4520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2073 7065 E configures spe\n+000301b0: 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 2067 7275 6220 cific. grub \n+000301c0: 6465 7669 6365 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4e61 device (*note Na\n+000301d0: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a ming convention:\n+000301e0: 3a29 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d75 :); option ...-u\n+000301f0: e280 9920 5555 4944 0a20 2020 2020 636f ... UUID. co\n+00030200: 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2064 6576 6963 6520 nfigures device \n+00030210: 7769 7468 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2055 with specified U\n+00030220: 5549 443b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d UID; option ...-\n+00030230: 61e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 a... configures \n+00030240: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6574 6563 7465 all. detecte\n+00030250: 6420 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 d encrypted devi\n+00030260: 6365 733b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d ces; option ...-\n+00030270: 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 b... configures \n+00030280: 616c 6c20 6765 6c69 0a20 2020 2020 636f all geli. co\n+00030290: 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2074 6861 7420 6861 ntainers that ha\n+000302a0: 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 666c 6167 2073 6574 ve boot flag set\n+000302b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 7320 ... Devices \n+000302c0: 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 are not allowed \n+000302d0: 746f 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6173 206b to be given as k\n+000302e0: 6579 2066 696c 6573 206e 6f72 2061 7320 ey files nor as \n+000302f0: 6465 7461 6368 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6865 detached. he\n+00030300: 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 ader files. How\n+00030310: 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6973 206c 696d 6974 ever, this limit\n+00030320: 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2077 6f72 ation can be wor\n+00030330: 6b65 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 2062 790a 2020 ked around by. \n+00030340: 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 using blockli\n+00030350: 7374 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 536f 2066 st syntax. So f\n+00030360: 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 20e2 8098 or instance, ...\n+00030370: 2868 6431 2c67 7074 3229 e280 9920 6361 (hd1,gpt2)... ca\n+00030380: 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7573 n not be. us\n+00030390: 6564 2c20 6275 7420 e280 9828 6864 312c ed, but ...(hd1,\n+000303a0: 6770 7432 2930 2be2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 gpt2)0+... will \n+000303b0: 6163 6869 6576 6520 7468 6520 6465 7369 achieve the desi\n+000303c0: 7265 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2e0a 0a20 2020 red result... \n+000303d0: 2020 4752 5542 2073 7570 6f72 7473 2064 GRUB suports d\n+000303e0: 6576 6963 6573 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 evices encrypted\n+000303f0: 2075 7369 6e67 204c 554b 532c 204c 554b using LUKS, LUK\n+00030400: 5332 2061 6e64 2067 656c 692e 2020 4e6f S2 and geli. No\n+00030410: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 206e 6563 te. that nec\n+00030420: 6573 7361 7279 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 essary modules (\n+00030430: 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 616e 6420 LUKS, LUKS2 and \n+00030440: 4745 4c49 2920 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6265 GELI) have to be\n+00030450: 206c 6f61 6465 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e loaded. man\n+00030460: 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 666f 7265 2074 6869 ually before thi\n+00030470: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 s command can be\n+00030480: 2075 7365 642e 2020 466f 7220 4c55 4b53 used. For LUKS\n+00030490: 3220 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2 only the. \n+000304a0: 5042 4b44 4632 206b 6579 2064 6572 6976 PBKDF2 key deriv\n+000304b0: 6174 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 ation function i\n+000304c0: 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642c 2061 7320 s supported, as \n+000304d0: 4172 676f 6e32 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 Argon2 is not ye\n+000304e0: 740a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 t. supported\n+000304f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 6363 6573 7366 ... Successf\n+00030500: 756c 6c79 2064 6563 7279 7074 6564 2064 ully decrypted d\n+00030510: 6973 6b73 2061 7265 206e 616d 6564 2061 isks are named a\n+00030520: 7320 2863 7279 7074 6f58 2920 616e 6420 s (cryptoX) and \n+00030530: 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6372 6561 have. increa\n+00030540: 7369 6e67 206e 756d 6572 6174 696f 6e20 sing numeration \n+00030550: 7375 6666 6978 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 suffix for each \n+00030560: 6e65 7720 6465 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 new decrypted di\n+00030570: 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 sk. If the. \n+00030580: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b20 encrypted disk \n+00030590: 686f 7374 7320 736f 6d65 2068 6967 6865 hosts some highe\n+000305a0: 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2061 6273 7472 r level of abstr\n+000305b0: 6163 7469 6f6e 2028 6c69 6b65 204c 564d action (like LVM\n+000305c0: 3220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4d44 5241 4944 2 or. MDRAID\n+000305d0: 2920 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 7265 ) it will be cre\n+000305e0: 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2073 6570 ated under a sep\n+000305f0: 6172 6174 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d arate device nam\n+00030600: 6573 7061 6365 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 espace in. a\n+00030610: 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2063 ddition to the c\n+00030620: 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b20 6e61 6d65 7370 ryptodisk namesp\n+00030630: 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f ace... Suppo\n+00030640: 7274 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2065 6e63 rt for plain enc\n+00030650: 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2028 706c ryption mode (pl\n+00030660: 6169 6e20 646d 2d63 7279 7074 2920 6973 ain dm-crypt) is\n+00030670: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7669 610a 2020 provided via. \n+00030680: 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 e280 982a separate ...*\n+00030690: 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a note plainmount:\n+000306a0: 3ae2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f :... command....\n+000306b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000306c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c , Node: cutmem,\n+000306d0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2050 Next: date, P\n+000306e0: 7265 763a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 rev: cryptomount\n+000306f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00030700: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00030710: 2e34 2e31 3920 6375 746d 656d 0a2d 2d2d .4.19 cutmem.---\n+00030720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00030730: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6375 746d 656d Command: cutmem\n+00030740: 2066 726f 6d5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 2074 6f5b from[K|M|G] to[\n+00030750: 4b7c 4d7c 475d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f K|M|G]. Remo\n+00030760: 7665 2061 6e79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 ve any memory re\n+00030770: 6769 6f6e 7320 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 gions in specifi\n+00030780: 6564 2072 616e 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ed range... \n+00030790: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 This command not\n+000307a0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 ifies the memory\n+000307b0: 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 manager that sp\n+000307c0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 ecified regions \n+000307d0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 of. RAM ough\n+000307e0: 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 t to be filtered\n+000307f0: 206f 7574 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7265 6d61 out. This rema\n+00030800: 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 6563 7420 6166 ins in effect af\n+00030810: 7465 7220 610a 2020 2020 2070 6179 6c6f ter a. paylo\n+00030820: 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 ad kernel has be\n+00030830: 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2047 5255 en loaded by GRU\n+00030840: 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 B, as long as th\n+00030850: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 e loaded. ke\n+00030860: 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 rnel obtains its\n+00030870: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d memory map from\n+00030880: 2047 5255 422e 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 GRUB. Kernels t\n+00030890: 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 hat support this\n+000308a0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 . include Li\n+000308b0: 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 nux, GNU Mach, t\n+000308c0: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 he kernel of Fre\n+000308d0: 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f eBSD and Multibo\n+000308e0: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 ot. kernels \n+000308f0: 696e 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 in general... \n+00030900: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 The command is\n+00030910: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9862 similar to ...b\n+00030920: 6164 7261 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 adram... command\n+00030930: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 ... Note: Th\n+00030940: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 e command is not\n+00030950: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f allowed when lo\n+00030960: 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 ckdown is enforc\n+00030970: 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c ed (*note. L\n+00030980: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 ockdown::). Thi\n+00030990: 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 s prevents remov\n+000309a0: 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 ing EFI memory r\n+000309b0: 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 egions to. p\n+000309c0: 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 otentially subve\n+000309d0: 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 rt the security \n+000309e0: 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 mechanisms provi\n+000309f0: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a ded by the UEFI.\n+00030a00: 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 secure boot\n+00030a10: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00030a20: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6174 info, Node: dat\n+00030a30: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 7669 6365 e, Next: device\n+00030a40: 7472 6565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7574 tree, Prev: cut\n+00030a50: 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e mem, Up: Comman\n+00030a60: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00030a70: 0a31 372e 342e 3230 2064 6174 650a 2d2d .17.4.20 date.--\n+00030a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00030a90: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6174 6520 5b5b Command: date [[\n+00030aa0: 7965 6172 2d5d 6d6f 6e74 682d 6461 795d year-]month-day]\n+00030ab0: 205b 686f 7572 3a6d 696e 7574 655b 3a73 [hour:minute[:s\n+00030ac0: 6563 6f6e 645d 5d0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 econd]]. Wit\n+00030ad0: 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 h no arguments, \n+00030ae0: 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e print the curren\n+00030af0: 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d 652e t date and time.\n+00030b00: 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 .. Otherwise\n+00030b10: 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 , take the curre\n+00030b20: 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 nt date and time\n+00030b30: 2c20 6368 616e 6765 2061 6e79 2065 6c65 , change any ele\n+00030b40: 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 ments. speci\n+00030b50: 6669 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 fied as argument\n+00030b60: 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 s, and set the r\n+00030b70: 6573 756c 7420 6173 2074 6865 206e 6577 esult as the new\n+00030b80: 2064 6174 6520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 date and. t\n+00030b90: 696d 652e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c ime. For exampl\n+00030ba0: 652c 2027 6461 7465 2030 312d 3031 2720 e, 'date 01-01' \n+00030bb0: 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 6865 2063 7572 will set the cur\n+00030bc0: 7265 6e74 206d 6f6e 7468 2061 6e64 2064 rent month and d\n+00030bd0: 6179 0a20 2020 2020 746f 204a 616e 7561 ay. to Janua\n+00030be0: 7279 2031 2c20 6275 7420 6c65 6176 6520 ry 1, but leave \n+00030bf0: 7468 6520 7965 6172 2c20 686f 7572 2c20 the year, hour, \n+00030c00: 6d69 6e75 7465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 636f minute, and seco\n+00030c10: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6368 616e 6765 nd. unchange\n+00030c20: 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 d.....File: grub\n+00030c30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 .info, Node: de\n+00030c40: 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 204e 6578 743a vicetree, Next:\n+00030c50: 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 5072 6576 distrust, Prev\n+00030c60: 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : date, Up: Com\n+00030c70: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00030c80: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3120 6465 7669 ds..17.4.21 devi\n+00030c90: 6365 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cetree.---------\n+00030ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00030cb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 ommand: devicetr\n+00030cc0: 6565 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ee file. Loa\n+00030cd0: 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 6520 d a device tree \n+00030ce0: 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 2920 6672 6f6d blob (.dtb) from\n+00030cf0: 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 a filesystem, f\n+00030d00: 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2075 7365 2062 790a or later use by.\n+00030d10: 2020 2020 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 a Linux ker\n+00030d20: 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 206e 6f74 2070 nel. Does not p\n+00030d30: 6572 666f 726d 206d 6572 6769 6e67 2077 erform merging w\n+00030d40: 6974 6820 616e 7920 6465 7669 6365 2074 ith any device t\n+00030d50: 7265 650a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706c 6965 ree. supplie\n+00030d60: 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 2062 d by firmware, b\n+00030d70: 7574 2072 6174 6865 7220 7265 706c 6163 ut rather replac\n+00030d80: 6573 2069 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 es it completely\n+00030d90: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 ... Note: Th\n+00030da0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 e command is not\n+00030db0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f allowed when lo\n+00030dc0: 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 ckdown is enforc\n+00030dd0: 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c ed (*note. L\n+00030de0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 ockdown::). Thi\n+00030df0: 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 s is done to pre\n+00030e00: 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 vent subverting \n+00030e10: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 various security\n+00030e20: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 . mechanisms\n+00030e30: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00030e40: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6973 info, Node: dis\n+00030e50: 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6472 trust, Next: dr\n+00030e60: 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 ivemap, Prev: d\n+00030e70: 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 5570 3a20 evicetree, Up: \n+00030e80: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00030e90: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3232 2064 mands..17.4.22 d\n+00030ea0: 6973 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d istrust.--------\n+00030eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00030ec0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6973 7472 7573 7420 mmand: distrust \n+00030ed0: 7075 626b 6579 5f69 640a 2020 2020 2052 pubkey_id. R\n+00030ee0: 656d 6f76 6520 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 emove public key\n+00030ef0: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 2066 726f 6d20 PUBKEY_ID from \n+00030f00: 4752 5542 2773 206b 6579 7269 6e67 206f GRUB's keyring o\n+00030f10: 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a f trusted keys..\n+00030f20: 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 2069 PUBKEY_ID i\n+00030f30: 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2066 6f75 7220 s the last four \n+00030f40: 6279 7465 7320 2865 6967 6874 2068 6578 bytes (eight hex\n+00030f50: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 adecimal digits)\n+00030f60: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 5047 of the. GPG\n+00030f70: 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6964 2c20 7768 6963 v4 key id, whic\n+00030f80: 6820 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7468 6520 6f75 h is also the ou\n+00030f90: 7470 7574 206f 6620 e280 986c 6973 745f tput of ...list_\n+00030fa0: 7472 7573 7465 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 trusted... (*not\n+00030fb0: 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 e. list_trus\n+00030fc0: 7465 643a 3a29 2e20 204f 7574 7369 6465 ted::). Outside\n+00030fd0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 of GRUB, the ke\n+00030fe0: 7920 6964 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f62 7461 y id can be obta\n+00030ff0: 696e 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 ined using. \n+00031000: e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 ...gpg --fingerp\n+00031010: 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 7365 rint...). These\n+00031020: 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 keys are used t\n+00031030: 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2073 6967 6e61 o validate signa\n+00031040: 7475 7265 730a 2020 2020 2077 6865 6e20 tures. when \n+00031050: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00031060: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 able ...check_si\n+00031070: 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 gnatures... is s\n+00031080: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 et to ...enforce\n+00031090: e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... (*note \n+000310a0: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+000310b0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2062 7920 736f 6d65 ::), and by some\n+000310c0: 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 206f 660a invocations of.\n+000310d0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7665 7269 6679 5f64 ...verify_d\n+000310e0: 6574 6163 6865 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 etached... (*not\n+000310f0: 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 e verify_detache\n+00031100: 643a 3a29 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 d::). *Note Usi\n+00031110: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 ng digital. \n+00031120: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f signatures::, fo\n+00031130: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 r more informati\n+00031140: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+00031150: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 b.info, Node: d\n+00031160: 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 rivemap, Next: \n+00031170: 6563 686f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6973 echo, Prev: dis\n+00031180: 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d trust, Up: Comm\n+00031190: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+000311a0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3233 2064 7269 7665 s..17.4.23 drive\n+000311b0: 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d map.------------\n+000311c0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+000311d0: 643a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d6c 7c2d d: drivemap -l|-\n+000311e0: 727c 5b2d 735d 2066 726f 6d5f 6472 6976 r|[-s] from_driv\n+000311f0: 6520 746f 5f64 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 e to_drive. \n+00031200: 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c Without options,\n+00031210: 206d 6170 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2046 map the drive F\n+00031220: 524f 4d5f 4452 4956 4520 746f 2074 6865 ROM_DRIVE to the\n+00031230: 2064 7269 7665 2054 4f5f 4452 4956 452e drive TO_DRIVE.\n+00031240: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e65 . This is ne\n+00031250: 6365 7373 6172 7920 7768 656e 2079 6f75 cessary when you\n+00031260: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 chain-load some\n+00031270: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00031280: 6d73 2c20 7375 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6173 ms, such. as\n+00031290: 2044 4f53 2c20 6966 2073 7563 6820 616e DOS, if such an\n+000312a0: 204f 5320 7265 7369 6465 7320 6174 2061 OS resides at a\n+000312b0: 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2064 7269 7665 non-first drive\n+000312c0: 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 . For. conv\n+000312d0: 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2061 6e79 2070 6172 enience, any par\n+000312e0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 7820 6f6e tition suffix on\n+000312f0: 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2069 7320 6967 the drive is ig\n+00031300: 6e6f 7265 642c 2073 6f20 796f 750a 2020 nored, so you. \n+00031310: 2020 2063 616e 2073 6166 656c 7920 7573 can safely us\n+00031320: 6520 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 6173 2061 2064 e ${root} as a d\n+00031330: 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 rive specificati\n+00031340: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 on... With t\n+00031350: 6865 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 he ...-s... opti\n+00031360: 6f6e 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 on, perform the \n+00031370: 7265 7665 7273 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6720 reverse mapping \n+00031380: 6173 2077 656c 6c2c 2073 7761 7070 696e as well, swappin\n+00031390: 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 776f 2064 g. the two d\n+000313a0: 7269 7665 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 rives... Wit\n+000313b0: 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 206f h the ...-l... o\n+000313c0: 7074 696f 6e2c 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 ption, list the \n+000313d0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d61 7070 696e 6773 current mappings\n+000313e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 ... With the\n+000313f0: 20e2 8098 2d72 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-r... option\n+00031400: 2c20 7265 7365 7420 616c 6c20 6d61 7070 , reset all mapp\n+00031410: 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 6661 ings to the defa\n+00031420: 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 ult values... \n+00031430: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a For example:..\n+00031440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d drivem\n+00031450: 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 ap -s (hd0) (hd1\n+00031460: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4e4f 5445 3a20 4f6e ).. NOTE: On\n+00031470: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n+00031480: 6933 3836 2d70 632e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 i386-pc.....File\n+00031490: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000314a0: 6465 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: echo, Next:\n+000314b0: 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 efitextmode, P\n+000314c0: 7265 763a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 rev: drivemap, \n+000314d0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+000314e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+000314f0: 3234 2065 6368 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 24 echo.--------\n+00031500: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00031510: 643a 2065 6368 6f20 5b2d 6e5d 205b 2d65 d: echo [-n] [-e\n+00031520: 5d20 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 ] string .... \n+00031530: 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 Display the re\n+00031540: 7175 6573 7465 6420 7465 7874 2061 6e64 quested text and\n+00031550: 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 20e2 8098 , unless the ...\n+00031560: 2d6e e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 -n... option is \n+00031570: 7573 6564 2c20 610a 2020 2020 2074 7261 used, a. tra\n+00031580: 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 iling new line. \n+00031590: 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 206d 6f72 If there is mor\n+000315a0: 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 7472 696e e than one strin\n+000315b0: 672c 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 g, they are. \n+000315c0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 separated by sp\n+000315d0: 6163 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 aces in the outp\n+000315e0: 7574 2e20 2041 7320 7573 7561 6c20 696e ut. As usual in\n+000315f0: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c0a GRUB commands,.\n+00031600: 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 206d variables m\n+00031610: 6179 2062 6520 7375 6273 7469 7475 7465 ay be substitute\n+00031620: 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9824 7b76 6172 d using ...${var\n+00031630: 7de2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 }...... The \n+00031640: e280 982d 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ...-e... option \n+00031650: 656e 6162 6c65 7320 696e 7465 7270 7265 enables interpre\n+00031660: 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6261 636b 736c tation of backsl\n+00031670: 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 732e 2020 5468 ash escapes. Th\n+00031680: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 e. following\n+00031690: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2061 7265 2072 sequences are r\n+000316a0: 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 ecognised:.. \n+000316b0: 20e2 8098 5c5c e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\\\.... \n+000316c0: 2020 2020 6261 636b 736c 6173 680a 0a20 backslash.. \n+000316d0: 2020 2020 e280 985c 61e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...\\a.... \n+000316e0: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c65 7274 2028 4245 alert (BE\n+000316f0: 4c29 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c63 e280 L).. ...\\c..\n+00031700: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 7070 .. supp\n+00031710: 7265 7373 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 ress trailing ne\n+00031720: 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 w line.. ...\n+00031730: 5c66 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\f.... \n+00031740: 666f 726d 2066 6565 640a 0a20 2020 2020 form feed.. \n+00031750: e280 985c 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ...\\n.... \n+00031760: 2020 206e 6577 206c 696e 650a 0a20 2020 new line.. \n+00031770: 2020 e280 985c 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ...\\r.... \n+00031780: 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 carriage re\n+00031790: 7475 726e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c74 turn.. ...\\t\n+000317a0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 686f .... ho\n+000317b0: 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 rizontal tab.. \n+000317c0: 2020 20e2 8098 5c76 e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\v.... \n+000317d0: 2020 2020 2020 7665 7274 6963 616c 2074 vertical t\n+000317e0: 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 696e ab.. When in\n+000317f0: 7465 7270 7265 7469 6e67 2062 6163 6b73 terpreting backs\n+00031800: 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 6573 2c20 6261 lash escapes, ba\n+00031810: 636b 736c 6173 6820 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 ckslash followed\n+00031820: 2062 7920 616e 790a 2020 2020 206f 7468 by any. oth\n+00031830: 6572 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2077 696c er character wil\n+00031840: 6c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6174 2063 6861 l print that cha\n+00031850: 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a racter.....File:\n+00031860: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00031870: 653a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 e: efitextmode, \n+00031880: 204e 6578 743a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5072 Next: eval, Pr\n+00031890: 6576 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: echo, Up: C\n+000318a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+000318b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3520 6566 ands..17.4.25 ef\n+000318c0: 6974 6578 746d 6f64 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d itextmode.------\n+000318d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+000318e0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6566 6974 -- Command: efit\n+000318f0: 6578 746d 6f64 6520 5b6d 696e 207c 206d extmode [min | m\n+00031900: 6178 207c 203c 6d6f 6465 5f6e 756d 3e20 ax | \n+00031910: 7c20 3c63 6f6c 733e 203c 726f 7773 3e5d | ]\n+00031920: 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 . When used \n+00031930: 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 with no argument\n+00031940: 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6c6c 2061 s displays all a\n+00031950: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6578 7420 6f75 vailable text ou\n+00031960: 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 732e tput. modes.\n+00031970: 2020 5468 6520 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 2064 The set mode d\n+00031980: 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 7320 7468 6520 636f etermines the co\n+00031990: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f lumns and rows o\n+000319a0: 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 f the text. \n+000319b0: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7768 656e 2069 6e20 display when in \n+000319c0: 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 2020 416e 2061 text mode. An a\n+000319d0: 7374 6572 6973 6b2c 20e2 8098 2ae2 8099 sterisk, ...*...\n+000319e0: 2c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6174 2074 6865 , will be at the\n+000319f0: 2065 6e64 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 end of. the\n+00031a00: 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 line of the cur\n+00031a10: 7265 6e74 6c79 2073 6574 206d 6f64 652e rently set mode.\n+00031a20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 6e20 .. If given \n+00031a30: 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6172 616d 6574 a single paramet\n+00031a40: 6572 2c20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 20e2 er, it must be .\n+00031a50: 8098 6d69 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6178 ..min..., ...max\n+00031a60: e280 992c 206f 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 0a20 ..., or a mode. \n+00031a70: 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2067 6976 656e number given\n+00031a80: 2062 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 696e 6720 by the listing \n+00031a90: 7768 656e 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 6e6f when run with no\n+00031aa0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e20 2054 6865 arguments. The\n+00031ab0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 se. argument\n+00031ac0: 7320 7365 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 2074 s set the mode t\n+00031ad0: 6f20 7468 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 206d o the minimum, m\n+00031ae0: 6178 696d 756d 2c20 616e 6420 7061 7274 aximum, and part\n+00031af0: 6963 756c 6172 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 icular mode. \n+00031b00: 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a respectively...\n+00031b10: 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 Otherwise, \n+00031b20: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d75 7374 the command must\n+00031b30: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7477 6f20 6e75 be given two nu\n+00031b40: 6d65 7269 6361 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 merical argument\n+00031b50: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e s. specifyin\n+00031b60: 6720 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e g the columns an\n+00031b70: 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 d rows of the de\n+00031b80: 7369 7265 6420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2053 7065 sired mode. Spe\n+00031b90: 6369 6679 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2063 cifying a. c\n+00031ba0: 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 olumns and rows \n+00031bb0: 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 7468 6174 combination that\n+00031bc0: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 corresponds to \n+00031bd0: 6e6f 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 no supported mod\n+00031be0: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6574 e,. will ret\n+00031bf0: 7572 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 206f urn error, but o\n+00031c00: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2068 6176 6520 6e6f therwise have no\n+00031c10: 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 effect... B\n+00031c20: 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 4752 5542 2077 y default GRUB w\n+00031c30: 696c 6c20 7374 6172 7420 696e 2077 6861 ill start in wha\n+00031c40: 7465 7665 7220 6d6f 6465 2074 6865 2045 tever mode the E\n+00031c50: 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 FI firmware. \n+00031c60: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2e20 2054 defaults to. T\n+00031c70: 6865 7265 2061 7265 2066 6972 6d77 6172 here are firmwar\n+00031c80: 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7365 7420 es known to set \n+00031c90: 7570 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d up the default m\n+00031ca0: 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 7468 ode. such th\n+00031cb0: 6174 206f 7574 7075 7420 6265 6861 7665 at output behave\n+00031cc0: 7320 7374 7261 6e67 656c 792c 2066 6f72 s strangely, for\n+00031cd0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6865 2063 7572 example the cur\n+00031ce0: 736f 7220 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 sor in the. \n+00031cf0: 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c 206e 6576 6572 GRUB shell never\n+00031d00: 2072 6561 6368 6573 2074 6865 2062 6f74 reaches the bot\n+00031d10: 746f 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 tom of the scree\n+00031d20: 6e20 6f72 2c20 7768 656e 2074 7970 696e n or, when typin\n+00031d30: 670a 2020 2020 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 g. character\n+00031d40: 7320 6174 2074 6865 2070 726f 6d70 742c s at the prompt,\n+00031d50: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d characters from\n+00031d60: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6d6d 616e previous comman\n+00031d70: 6420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6172 d output. ar\n+00031d80: 6520 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e2e 2020 e overwritten. \n+00031d90: 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 Setting the mode\n+00031da0: 206d 6179 2066 6978 2074 6869 732e 0a0a may fix this...\n+00031db0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2045 4649 2073 7065 The EFI spe\n+00031dc0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 6179 7320 cification says \n+00031dd0: 7468 6174 206d 6f64 6520 3020 6d75 7374 that mode 0 must\n+00031de0: 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 616e be available an\n+00031df0: 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c75 d have. colu\n+00031e00: 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 mns and rows of \n+00031e10: 3830 2061 6e64 2032 3520 7265 7370 6563 80 and 25 respec\n+00031e20: 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 204d 6f64 6520 3120 tively. Mode 1 \n+00031e30: 6d61 7920 6265 2064 6566 696e 6564 0a20 may be defined. \n+00031e40: 2020 2020 616e 6420 6966 2073 6f20 6d75 and if so mu\n+00031e50: 7374 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 st have columns \n+00031e60: 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 and rows of 80 a\n+00031e70: 6e64 2035 3020 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 nd 50 respective\n+00031e80: 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6e79 206f 7468 ly.. Any oth\n+00031e90: 6572 206d 6f64 6573 206d 6179 2068 6176 er modes may hav\n+00031ea0: 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f e columns and ro\n+00031eb0: 7773 2061 7262 6974 7261 7269 6c79 2064 ws arbitrarily d\n+00031ec0: 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 efined by. t\n+00031ed0: 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 5468 he firmware. Th\n+00031ee0: 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6120 is means that a \n+00031ef0: 6d6f 6465 2077 6974 6820 636f 6c75 6d6e mode with column\n+00031f00: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3130 s and rows of 10\n+00031f10: 300a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2033 3120 6f6e 0. and 31 on\n+00031f20: 206f 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 one firmware ma\n+00031f30: 7920 6265 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 y be a different\n+00031f40: 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6e20 mode number on \n+00031f50: 610a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 a. different\n+00031f60: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6f72 206e 6f74 firmware or not\n+00031f70: 2065 7869 7374 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 2020 exist at all. \n+00031f80: 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 6d6f 6465 206e Likewise, mode n\n+00031f90: 756d 6265 7220 3220 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 umber 2 on. \n+00031fa0: 6f6e 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 206d 6179 one firmware may\n+00031fb0: 2068 6176 6520 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e have a differen\n+00031fc0: 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f 6c75 t number of colu\n+00031fd0: 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2074 6861 mns and rows tha\n+00031fe0: 6e0a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 3220 6f6e n. mode 2 on\n+00031ff0: 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 a different fir\n+00032000: 6d77 6172 652e 2020 536f 206f 6e65 2073 mware. So one s\n+00032010: 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 7265 6c79 206f hould not rely o\n+00032020: 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 n a. particu\n+00032030: 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 lar mode number \n+00032040: 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 6520 6f66 2061 2063 or a mode of a c\n+00032050: 6572 7461 696e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 ertain number of\n+00032060: 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 columns and. \n+00032070: 2020 726f 7773 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 rows existing \n+00032080: 6f6e 2061 6c6c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 on all firmwares\n+00032090: 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 , except for mod\n+000320a0: 6520 302e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a e 0... Note:\n+000320b0: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n+000320c0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n+000320d0: 6f6e 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 on EFI platforms\n+000320e0: 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 696d and is. sim\n+000320f0: 696c 6172 2074 6f20 4546 4920 7368 656c ilar to EFI shel\n+00032100: 6c20 226d 6f64 6522 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 l \"mode\" command\n+00032110: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00032120: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 7661 info, Node: eva\n+00032130: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6578 706f 7274 l, Next: export\n+00032140: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 6669 7465 7874 , Prev: efitext\n+00032150: 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 mode, Up: Comma\n+00032160: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00032170: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3620 6576 616c 0a2d ..17.4.26 eval.-\n+00032180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00032190: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6576 616c 2073 Command: eval s\n+000321a0: 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 tring .... C\n+000321b0: 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 2061 7267 756d oncatenate argum\n+000321c0: 656e 7473 2074 6f67 6574 6865 7220 7573 ents together us\n+000321d0: 696e 6720 7369 6e67 6c65 2073 7061 6365 ing single space\n+000321e0: 2061 7320 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 616e as separator an\n+000321f0: 640a 2020 2020 2065 7661 6c75 6174 6520 d. evaluate \n+00032200: 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7365 7175 656e result as sequen\n+00032210: 6365 206f 6620 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 ce of GRUB comma\n+00032220: 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 nds.....File: gr\n+00032230: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00032240: 6578 706f 7274 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 export, Next: f\n+00032250: 616c 7365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 7661 alse, Prev: eva\n+00032260: 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d l, Up: Command-\n+00032270: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00032280: 372e 342e 3237 2065 7870 6f72 740a 2d2d 7.4.27 export.--\n+00032290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+000322a0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7870 6f72 - Command: expor\n+000322b0: 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 2020 4578 t envvar. Ex\n+000322c0: 706f 7274 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e port the environ\n+000322d0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e ment variable EN\n+000322e0: 5656 4152 2e20 2045 7870 6f72 7465 6420 VVAR. Exported \n+000322f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 650a 2020 variables are. \n+00032300: 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 visible to su\n+00032310: 6273 6964 6961 7279 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 bsidiary configu\n+00032320: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 206c 6f61 ration files loa\n+00032330: 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 ded using. .\n+00032340: 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 992e ..configfile....\n+00032350: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00032360: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 nfo, Node: fals\n+00032370: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6677 7365 7475 e, Next: fwsetu\n+00032380: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6578 706f 7274 p, Prev: export\n+00032390: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+000323a0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+000323b0: 2e34 2e32 3820 6661 6c73 650a 2d2d 2d2d .4.28 false.----\n+000323c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+000323d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6661 6c73 650a 2020 ommand: false. \n+000323e0: 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2075 Do nothing, u\n+000323f0: 6e73 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 nsuccessfully. \n+00032400: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 This is mainly u\n+00032410: 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c seful in control\n+00032420: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7473 . constructs\n+00032430: 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 e280 such as ...if..\n+00032440: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 . and ...while..\n+00032450: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c . (*note Shell-l\n+00032460: 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 ike scripting::)\n+00032470: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00032480: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 7773 info, Node: fws\n+00032490: 6574 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6462 etup, Next: gdb\n+000324a0: 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c info, Prev: fal\n+000324b0: 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 se, Up: Command\n+000324c0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+000324d0: 3137 2e34 2e32 3920 6677 7365 7475 700a 17.4.29 fwsetup.\n+000324e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000324f0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6677 . -- Command: fw\n+00032500: 7365 7475 7020 5b2d 2d69 732d 7375 7070 setup [--is-supp\n+00032510: 6f72 7465 645d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f orted]. Rebo\n+00032520: 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6669 726d ot into the firm\n+00032530: 7761 7265 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e 752e ware setup menu.\n+00032540: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 If ...--is-sup\n+00032550: 706f 7274 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ported... option\n+00032560: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 is. specifi\n+00032570: 6564 2c20 696e 7374 6561 6420 6368 6563 ed, instead chec\n+00032580: 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 7468 6520 6669 k whether the fi\n+00032590: 726d 7761 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 rmware supports \n+000325a0: 6120 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 a setup menu. \n+000325b0: 2020 616e 6420 6578 6974 2073 7563 6365 and exit succe\n+000325c0: 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f2e 0a0a ssfully if so...\n+000325d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000325e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 o, Node: gdbinf\n+000325f0: 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6765 7474 6578 o, Next: gettex\n+00032600: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6677 7365 7475 t, Prev: fwsetu\n+00032610: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d p, Up: Command-\n+00032620: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00032630: 372e 342e 3330 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a2d 7.4.30 gdbinfo.-\n+00032640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00032650: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 6462 -- Command: gdb\n+00032660: 696e 666f 0a20 2020 2020 4f75 7470 7574 info. Output\n+00032670: 2074 6578 7420 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 text to be used\n+00032680: 2061 7320 6120 4744 4220 636f 6d6d 616e as a GDB comman\n+00032690: 6420 666f 7220 6120 4744 4220 7365 7373 d for a GDB sess\n+000326a0: 696f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 ion using the. \n+000326b0: 2020 2067 6462 5f67 7275 6220 7363 7269 gdb_grub scri\n+000326c0: 7074 2061 6e64 2061 7474 6163 6865 6420 pt and attached \n+000326d0: 746f 2061 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2047 5255 to a running GRU\n+000326e0: 4220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2e20 2054 6865 B instance. The\n+000326f0: 2047 4442 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e GDB. comman\n+00032700: 6420 7468 6174 2069 7320 6f75 7470 7574 d that is output\n+00032710: 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 2047 4442 2068 will tell GDB h\n+00032720: 6f77 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2064 6562 7567 ow to load debug\n+00032730: 6769 6e67 2073 796d 626f 6c73 0a20 2020 ging symbols. \n+00032740: 2020 746f 2074 6865 6972 2070 726f 7065 to their prope\n+00032750: 7220 7275 6e74 696d 6520 6164 6472 6573 r runtime addres\n+00032760: 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 s. Currently th\n+00032770: 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c is is only avail\n+00032780: 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 4546 able. for EF\n+00032790: 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5365 I platforms. Se\n+000327a0: 6520 7468 6520 4465 6275 6767 696e 6720 e the Debugging \n+000327b0: 696e 2074 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 in the developer\n+000327c0: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 . documentat\n+000327d0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 ion for more inf\n+000327e0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n+000327f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00032800: 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 204e ode: gettext, N\n+00032810: 6578 743a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2050 ext: gptsync, P\n+00032820: 7265 763a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2055 rev: gdbinfo, U\n+00032830: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00032840: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n+00032850: 3120 6765 7474 6578 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1 gettext.------\n+00032860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00032870: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6765 7474 6578 7420 ommand: gettext \n+00032880: 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5472 616e string. Tran\n+00032890: 736c 6174 6520 5354 5249 4e47 2069 6e74 slate STRING int\n+000328a0: 6f20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 o the current la\n+000328b0: 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 nguage... Th\n+000328c0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 e current langua\n+000328d0: 6765 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 746f 7265 ge code is store\n+000328e0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c61 6e67 d in the ...lang\n+000328f0: e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6e0a ... variable in.\n+00032900: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4227 7320 656e 7669 GRUB's envi\n+00032910: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c ronment (*note l\n+00032920: 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 ang::). Transla\n+00032930: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 4d4f tion files in MO\n+00032940: 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2020 2020 2061 7265 format. are\n+00032950: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6c6f read from ...lo\n+00032960: 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 e280 9920 282a 6e6f cale_dir... (*no\n+00032970: 7465 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 723a 3a29 te locale_dir::)\n+00032980: 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 20e2 , usually. .\n+00032990: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 ../boot/grub/loc\n+000329a0: 616c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ale........File:\n+000329b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000329c0: 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 204e 6578 e: gptsync, Nex\n+000329d0: 743a 2068 616c 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: halt, Prev: \n+000329e0: 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f gettext, Up: Co\n+000329f0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00032a00: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3332 2067 7074 nds..17.4.32 gpt\n+00032a10: 7379 6e63 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sync.-----------\n+00032a20: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00032a30: 643a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2064 6576 6963 d: gptsync devic\n+00032a40: 6520 5b70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 5b2b 2f2d e [partition[+/-\n+00032a50: 5b74 7970 655d 5d5d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 [type]]] .... \n+00032a60: 2020 4469 736b 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 Disks using th\n+00032a70: 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e e GUID Partition\n+00032a80: 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2061 6c73 Table (GPT) als\n+00032a90: 6f20 6861 7665 2061 206c 6567 6163 790a o have a legacy.\n+00032aa0: 2020 2020 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 Master Boot\n+00032ab0: 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 7061 Record (MBR) pa\n+00032ac0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f rtition table fo\n+00032ad0: 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 r compatibility \n+00032ae0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4249 with the. BI\n+00032af0: 4f53 2061 6e64 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 OS and with olde\n+00032b00: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n+00032b10: 656d 732e 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 ems. The legacy\n+00032b20: 204d 4252 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 MBR can only. \n+00032b30: 2020 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2061 206c represent a l\n+00032b40: 696d 6974 6564 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 imited subset of\n+00032b50: 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2065 GPT partition e\n+00032b60: 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ntries... Th\n+00032b70: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2070 6f70 756c is command popul\n+00032b80: 6174 6573 2074 6865 206c 6567 6163 7920 ates the legacy \n+00032b90: 4d42 5220 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 7065 MBR with the spe\n+00032ba0: 6369 6669 6564 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e cified PARTITION\n+00032bb0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e . entries on\n+00032bc0: 2044 4556 4943 452e 2020 5570 2074 6f20 DEVICE. Up to \n+00032bd0: 7468 7265 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 three partitions\n+00032be0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 0a20 may be used... \n+00032bf0: 2020 2020 5459 5045 2069 7320 616e 204d TYPE is an M\n+00032c00: 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 BR partition typ\n+00032c10: 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7072 6566 6978 2077 e code; prefix w\n+00032c20: 6974 6820 e280 9830 78e2 8099 2069 6620 ith ...0x... if \n+00032c30: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 you want to. \n+00032c40: 2065 6e74 6572 2074 6869 7320 696e 2068 enter this in h\n+00032c50: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2e20 2054 6865 exadecimal. The\n+00032c60: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2062 6574 7765 separator betwe\n+00032c70: 656e 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 2061 6e64 en PARTITION and\n+00032c80: 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 206d 6179 2062 . TYPE may b\n+00032c90: 6520 e280 982b e280 9920 746f 206d 616b e ...+... to mak\n+00032ca0: 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 e the partition \n+00032cb0: 6163 7469 7665 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 active, or ...-.\n+00032cc0: 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 740a 2020 .. to make it. \n+00032cd0: 2020 2069 6e61 6374 6976 653b 206f 6e6c inactive; onl\n+00032ce0: 7920 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 y one partition \n+00032cf0: 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6374 6976 652e 2020 may be active. \n+00032d00: 4966 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 7365 7061 If both the sepa\n+00032d10: 7261 746f 720a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 rator. and t\n+00032d20: 7970 6520 6172 6520 6f6d 6974 7465 642c ype are omitted,\n+00032d30: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 then the partit\n+00032d40: 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 6163 ion will be inac\n+00032d50: 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tive.....File: g\n+00032d60: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00032d70: 2068 616c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6861 halt, Next: ha\n+00032d80: 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6770 shsum, Prev: gp\n+00032d90: 7473 796e 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d tsync, Up: Comm\n+00032da0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00032db0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3333 2068 616c 740a s..17.4.33 halt.\n+00032dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00032dd0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 616c 7420 - Command: halt \n+00032de0: 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6d5d 0a20 2020 2020 [--no-apm]. \n+00032df0: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6861 6c74 The command halt\n+00032e00: 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e20 s the computer. \n+00032e10: 204f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 6320 On the i386-pc \n+00032e20: 7461 7267 6574 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 target, the. \n+00032e30: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d e280 9920 ...--no-apm... \n+00032e40: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2073 686f 7274 option, or short\n+00032e50: 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 992c 2069 7320 7370 ...-n..., is sp\n+00032e60: 6563 6966 6965 642c 206e 6f20 4150 4d20 ecified, no APM \n+00032e70: 4249 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 6973 0a20 2020 BIOS call is. \n+00032e80: 2020 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 4f74 performed. Ot\n+00032e90: 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d herwise, the com\n+00032ea0: 7075 7465 7220 6973 2073 6875 7420 646f puter is shut do\n+00032eb0: 776e 2075 7369 6e67 2041 504d 206f 6e20 wn using APM on \n+00032ec0: 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 that. target\n+00032ed0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00032ee0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6173 info, Node: has\n+00032ef0: 6873 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 656c hsum, Next: hel\n+00032f00: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 p, Prev: halt, \n+00032f10: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00032f20: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00032f30: 2e33 3420 6861 7368 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d .34 hashsum.----\n+00032f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00032f50: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 7368 7375 Command: hashsu\n+00032f60: 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2068 6173 6820 2d2d m --hash hash --\n+00032f70: 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 202d 2d75 6e63 keep-going --unc\n+00032f80: 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 2d2d 6368 6563 6b20 ompress --check \n+00032f90: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b file. [\n+00032fa0: 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 2064 6972 5d7c 6669 --prefix dir]|fi\n+00032fb0: 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 le .... Comp\n+00032fc0: 7574 6520 6f72 2076 6572 6966 7920 6669 ute or verify fi\n+00032fd0: 6c65 2068 6173 6865 732e 2020 4861 7368 le hashes. Hash\n+00032fe0: 2074 7970 6520 6973 2073 656c 6563 7465 type is selecte\n+00032ff0: 6420 7769 7468 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 d with option. \n+00033000: 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 7368 e280 992e ...--hash....\n+00033010: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6861 7368 Supported hash\n+00033020: 6573 2061 7265 3a20 e280 9861 646c 6572 es are: ...adler\n+00033030: 3332 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6336 34e2 32..., ...crc64.\n+00033040: 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3332 e280 992c .., ...crc32...,\n+00033050: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 7263 3332 7266 . ...crc32rf\n+00033060: 6331 3531 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 c1510..., ...crc\n+00033070: 3234 7266 6332 3434 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 24rfc2440..., ..\n+00033080: 986d 6434 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d64 35e2 .md4..., ...md5.\n+00033090: 8099 2c20 e280 9872 6970 656d 6431 3630 .., ...ripemd160\n+000330a0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6131 e280 992c ..., ...sha1...,\n+000330b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 6861 3232 34e2 . ...sha224.\n+000330c0: 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3235 36e2 8099 .., ...sha256...\n+000330d0: 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3531 32e2 8099 2c20 , ...sha512..., \n+000330e0: e280 9873 6861 3338 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 ...sha384..., ..\n+000330f0: 9874 6967 6572 3139 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 .tiger192..., ..\n+00033100: 9874 6967 6572 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 .tiger...,. \n+00033110: e280 9874 6967 6572 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 ...tiger2..., ..\n+00033120: 9877 6869 726c 706f 6f6c e280 992e 2020 .whirlpool.... \n+00033130: 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 636f Option ...--unco\n+00033140: 6d70 7265 7373 e280 9920 756e 636f 6d70 mpress... uncomp\n+00033150: 7265 7373 6573 2066 696c 6573 0a20 2020 resses files. \n+00033160: 2020 6265 666f 7265 2063 6f6d 7075 7469 before computi\n+00033170: 6e67 2068 6173 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 ng hash... W\n+00033180: 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6669 6c65 hen list of file\n+00033190: 7320 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6861 7368 s is given, hash\n+000331a0: 206f 6620 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 6973 of each file is\n+000331b0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 6420 616e 640a 2020 computed and. \n+000331c0: 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2c20 666f 6c6c printed, foll\n+000331d0: 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6669 6c65 206e 616d owed by file nam\n+000331e0: 652c 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 206f 6e20 e, each file on \n+000331f0: 6120 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 a new line... \n+00033200: 2020 5768 656e 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 When option ..\n+00033210: 982d 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6973 2067 .--check... is g\n+00033220: 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2070 6f69 6e74 7320 iven, it points \n+00033230: 746f 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2063 to a file that c\n+00033240: 6f6e 7461 696e 730a 2020 2020 206c 6973 ontains. lis\n+00033250: 7420 6f66 2048 4153 4820 4e41 4d45 2070 t of HASH NAME p\n+00033260: 6169 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 airs in the same\n+00033270: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6173 2075 7365 6420 format as used \n+00033280: 6279 2055 4e49 5820 e280 986d 6435 7375 by UNIX ...md5su\n+00033290: 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e m.... comman\n+000332a0: 642e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d d. Option ...--\n+000332b0: 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 prefix... may be\n+000332c0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 6976 6520 6469 used to give di\n+000332d0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 650a 2020 rectory where. \n+000332e0: 2020 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 206c 6f63 files are loc\n+000332f0: 6174 6564 2e20 2048 6173 6820 7665 7269 ated. Hash veri\n+00033300: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 746f 7073 2061 fication stops a\n+00033310: 6674 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a20 fter the first. \n+00033320: 2020 2020 6d69 736d 6174 6368 2077 6173 mismatch was\n+00033330: 2066 6f75 6e64 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 found unless op\n+00033340: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 tion ...--keep-g\n+00033350: 6f69 6e67 e280 9920 7761 7320 6769 7665 oing... was give\n+00033360: 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2065 7869 n. The. exi\n+00033370: 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 t code ...$?... \n+00033380: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2068 is set to 0 if h\n+00033390: 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ash verification\n+000333a0: 2069 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2e20 is successful. \n+000333b0: 2049 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 6661 696c If. it fail\n+000333c0: 732c 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 s, ...$?... is s\n+000333d0: 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 et to a nonzero \n+000333e0: 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 value.....File: \n+000333f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00033400: 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 : help, Next: h\n+00033410: 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 exdump, Prev: h\n+00033420: 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ashsum, Up: Com\n+00033430: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00033440: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3520 6865 6c70 ds..17.4.35 help\n+00033450: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n+00033460: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 6c70 -- Command: help\n+00033470: 205b 7061 7474 6572 6e20 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 [pattern ...]. \n+00033480: 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6865 6c70 Display help\n+00033490: 6675 6c20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ful information \n+000334a0: 6162 6f75 7420 6275 696c 7469 6e20 636f about builtin co\n+000334b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 mmands. If you \n+000334c0: 646f 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 do not. spec\n+000334d0: 6966 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e2c 2074 6869 ify PATTERN, thi\n+000334e0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f77 7320 s command shows \n+000334f0: 7368 6f72 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f short descriptio\n+00033500: 6e73 206f 6620 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2061 ns of all. a\n+00033510: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 vailable command\n+00033520: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 s... If you \n+00033530: 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e 7920 5041 5454 specify any PATT\n+00033540: 4552 4e53 2c20 6974 2064 6973 706c 6179 ERNS, it display\n+00033550: 7320 6c6f 6e67 6572 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 s longer informa\n+00033560: 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 tion about. \n+00033570: 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d each of the comm\n+00033580: 616e 6473 2077 686f 7365 206e 616d 6573 ands whose names\n+00033590: 2062 6567 696e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6f73 begin with thos\n+000335a0: 6520 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e PATTERNS.....F\n+000335b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000335c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 Node: hexdump, \n+000335d0: 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 Next: insmod, \n+000335e0: 5072 6576 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 2055 703a Prev: help, Up:\n+000335f0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00033600: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3620 mmands..17.4.36 \n+00033610: 6865 7864 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hexdump.--------\n+00033620: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00033630: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 7864 756d 7020 5b2d mand: hexdump [-\n+00033640: 2d73 6b69 7020 6f66 6673 6574 5d20 5b2d -skip offset] [-\n+00033650: 2d6c 656e 6774 6820 6c65 6e5d 2046 494c -length len] FIL\n+00033660: 455f 4f52 5f44 4556 4943 450a 2020 2020 E_OR_DEVICE. \n+00033670: 2053 686f 7720 7261 7720 636f 6e74 656e Show raw conten\n+00033680: 7473 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 206f 7220 ts of a file or \n+00033690: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 memory. When op\n+000336a0: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 tion ...--skip..\n+000336b0: 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c . is. given,\n+000336c0: 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 6e75 ...offset... nu\n+000336d0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 7320 6172 mber of bytes ar\n+000336e0: 6520 736b 6970 7065 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 e skipped from t\n+000336f0: 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a he start of the.\n+00033700: 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 2066 device or f\n+00033710: 696c 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 416e 6420 ile given. And \n+00033720: e280 982d 2d6c 656e 6774 68e2 8099 2061 ...--length... a\n+00033730: 6c6c 6f77 7320 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 llows specifying\n+00033740: 2061 206d 6178 696d 756d 0a20 2020 2020 a maximum. \n+00033750: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 7320 number of bytes \n+00033760: 746f 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 to be shown... \n+00033770: 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 6e20 7468 6520 If given the \n+00033780: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 206e special device n\n+00033790: 616d 6564 20e2 8098 286d 656d 29e2 8099 amed ...(mem)...\n+000337a0: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6f66 , then the ...of\n+000337b0: 6673 6574 e280 9920 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 fset... given. \n+000337c0: 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 to ...--skip.\n+000337d0: 8099 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 .. is treated as\n+000337e0: 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 the address of \n+000337f0: 6120 6d65 6d6f 7279 206c 6f63 6174 696f a memory locatio\n+00033800: 6e20 746f 2064 756d 700a 2020 2020 2066 n to dump. f\n+00033810: 726f 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 rom.....File: gr\n+00033820: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00033830: 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206b insmod, Next: k\n+00033840: 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2050 7265 763a eystatus, Prev:\n+00033850: 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 hexdump, Up: C\n+00033860: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00033870: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3720 696e ands..17.4.37 in\n+00033880: 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d smod.-----------\n+00033890: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+000338a0: 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a : insmod module.\n+000338b0: 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 7468 6520 Insert the \n+000338c0: 6479 6e61 6d69 6320 4752 5542 206d 6f64 dynamic GRUB mod\n+000338d0: 756c 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 204d 4f44 554c ule called MODUL\n+000338e0: 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 E.....File: grub\n+000338f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6b65 .info, Node: ke\n+00033900: 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ystatus, Next: \n+00033910: 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a list_env, Prev:\n+00033920: 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f insmod, Up: Co\n+00033930: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00033940: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3338 206b 6579 nds..17.4.38 key\n+00033950: 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d status.---------\n+00033960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00033970: 6d6d 616e 643a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 mmand: keystatus\n+00033980: 205b 2d2d 7368 6966 745d 205b 2d2d 6374 [--shift] [--ct\n+00033990: 726c 5d20 5b2d 2d61 6c74 5d0a 2020 2020 rl] [--alt]. \n+000339a0: 2052 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 Return true if \n+000339b0: 7468 6520 5368 6966 742c 2043 6f6e 7472 the Shift, Contr\n+000339c0: 6f6c 2c20 6f72 2041 6c74 206d 6f64 6966 ol, or Alt modif\n+000339d0: 6965 7220 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2068 656c ier keys are hel\n+000339e0: 640a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e2c 2061 7320 d. down, as \n+000339f0: 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 6279 206f 7074 requested by opt\n+00033a00: 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 ions. This is u\n+00033a10: 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2073 6372 6970 7469 seful in scripti\n+00033a20: 6e67 2c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6c6f ng, to. allo\n+00033a30: 7720 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7220 636f 6e74 w some user cont\n+00033a40: 726f 6c20 6f76 6572 2062 6568 6176 696f rol over behavio\n+00033a50: 7572 2077 6974 686f 7574 2068 6176 696e ur without havin\n+00033a60: 6720 746f 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 610a g to wait for a.\n+00033a70: 2020 2020 206b 6579 7072 6573 732e 0a0a keypress...\n+00033a80: 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 Checking ke\n+00033a90: 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 y modifier statu\n+00033aa0: 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 s is only suppor\n+00033ab0: 7465 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 ted on some plat\n+00033ac0: 666f 726d 732e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 forms.. If i\n+00033ad0: 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 nvoked without a\n+00033ae0: 6e79 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 6520 ny options, the \n+00033af0: e280 986b 6579 7374 6174 7573 e280 9920 ...keystatus... \n+00033b00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 730a command returns.\n+00033b10: 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 6966 2061 6e64 true if and\n+00033b20: 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2063 6865 636b 696e only if checkin\n+00033b30: 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 g key modifier s\n+00033b40: 7461 7475 7320 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 tatus is support\n+00033b50: 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ed.....File: gru\n+00033b60: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n+00033b70: 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ist_env, Next: \n+00033b80: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2050 list_trusted, P\n+00033b90: 7265 763a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 rev: keystatus, \n+00033ba0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00033bb0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00033bc0: 2e33 3920 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d .39 list_env.---\n+00033bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00033be0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 -- Command: list\n+00033bf0: 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c _env [--file fil\n+00033c00: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c e]. List all\n+00033c10: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 variables in th\n+00033c20: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c e environment bl\n+00033c30: 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 ock file. *Note\n+00033c40: 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . Environmen\n+00033c50: 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 t block::... \n+00033c60: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 The ...--file..\n+00033c70: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 . option overrid\n+00033c80: 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c es the default l\n+00033c90: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 ocation of the. \n+00033ca0: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n+00033cb0: 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 block.....File: \n+00033cc0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00033cd0: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 : list_trusted, \n+00033ce0: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c Next: load_env,\n+00033cf0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 Prev: list_env\n+00033d00: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00033d10: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00033d20: 2e34 2e34 3020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 .4.40 list_trust\n+00033d30: 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ed.-------------\n+00033d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00033d50: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 mand: list_trust\n+00033d60: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c ed. List all\n+00033d70: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2074 7275 public keys tru\n+00033d80: 7374 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2066 6f72 sted by GRUB for\n+00033d90: 2076 616c 6964 6174 696e 6720 7369 676e validating sign\n+00033da0: 6174 7572 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 atures.. The\n+00033db0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6973 2069 6e20 4750 output is in GP\n+00033dc0: 4727 7320 7634 206b 6579 2066 696e 6765 G's v4 key finge\n+00033dd0: 7270 7269 6e74 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 2869 rprint format (i\n+00033de0: 2e65 2e2c 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 740a .e., the output.\n+00033df0: 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 9867 7067 202d of ...gpg -\n+00033e00: 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 -fingerprint...)\n+00033e10: 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6561 7374 2073 6967 . The least sig\n+00033e20: 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2066 6f75 7220 6279 nificant four by\n+00033e30: 7465 7320 286c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2065 tes (last. e\n+00033e40: 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c ight hexadecimal\n+00033e50: 2064 6967 6974 7329 2063 616e 2062 6520 digits) can be \n+00033e60: 7573 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 7267 756d used as an argum\n+00033e70: 656e 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6469 7374 7275 ent to ...distru\n+00033e80: 7374 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 st.... (*not\n+00033e90: 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 e distrust::). \n+00033ea0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 *Note Using digi\n+00033eb0: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a tal signatures::\n+00033ec0: 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 , for more. \n+00033ed0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 information abou\n+00033ee0: 7420 7573 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 t uses for these\n+00033ef0: 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 keys.....File: \n+00033f00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00033f10: 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 : load_env, Nex\n+00033f20: 743a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 t: loadfont, Pr\n+00033f30: 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 ev: list_trusted\n+00033f40: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00033f50: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00033f60: 2e34 2e34 3120 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 0a2d .4.41 load_env.-\n+00033f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00033f80: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f . -- Command: lo\n+00033f90: 6164 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 ad_env [--file f\n+00033fa0: 696c 655d 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 ile] [--skip-sig\n+00033fb0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b77 6869 ]. [whi\n+00033fc0: 7465 6c69 7374 6564 5f76 6172 6961 626c telisted_variabl\n+00033fd0: 655f 6e61 6d65 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 e_name] .... \n+00033fe0: 204c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 7661 7269 6162 Load all variab\n+00033ff0: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 les from the env\n+00034000: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 ironment block f\n+00034010: 696c 6520 696e 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ile into the. \n+00034020: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 environment. \n+00034030: 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e *Note Environmen\n+00034040: 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 t block::... \n+00034050: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 The ...--file..\n+00034060: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 . option overrid\n+00034070: 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c es the default l\n+00034080: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 ocation of the. \n+00034090: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n+000340a0: 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 block... The\n+000340b0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 ...--skip-sig..\n+000340c0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 6b69 7073 2073 . option skips s\n+000340d0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e ignature checkin\n+000340e0: 6720 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 7468 650a g even when the.\n+000340f0: 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e value of en\n+00034100: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00034110: 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e le ...check_sign\n+00034120: 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 atures... is set\n+00034130: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f to. ...enfo\n+00034140: 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 rce... (*note ch\n+00034150: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a eck_signatures::\n+00034160: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6f6e 6520 )... If one \n+00034170: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 or more variable\n+00034180: 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2070 726f 7669 names are provi\n+00034190: 6465 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ded as arguments\n+000341a0: 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 , they are. \n+000341b0: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 2061 interpreted as a\n+000341c0: 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7661 whitelist of va\n+000341d0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f 206c 6f61 6420 riables to load \n+000341e0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e from the. en\n+000341f0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 vironment block \n+00034200: 6669 6c65 2e20 2056 6172 6961 626c 6573 file. Variables\n+00034210: 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 set in the file\n+00034220: 2062 7574 206e 6f74 2070 7265 7365 6e74 but not present\n+00034230: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 2077 6869 . in the whi\n+00034240: 7465 6c69 7374 2061 7265 2069 676e 6f72 telist are ignor\n+00034250: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 ed... The ..\n+00034260: 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f .--skip-sig... o\n+00034270: 7074 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 ption should be \n+00034280: 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 2c20 used with care, \n+00034290: 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c77 6179 and should alway\n+000342a0: 730a 2020 2020 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 s. be used i\n+000342b0: 6e20 636f 6e63 6572 7420 7769 7468 2061 n concert with a\n+000342c0: 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 whitelist of ac\n+000342d0: 6365 7074 6162 6c65 2076 6172 6961 626c ceptable variabl\n+000342e0: 6573 2077 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7661 es whose. va\n+000342f0: 6c75 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 lues should be s\n+00034300: 6574 2e20 2046 6169 6c75 7265 2074 6f20 et. Failure to \n+00034310: 656d 706c 6f79 2061 2063 6172 6566 756c employ a careful\n+00034320: 6c79 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 0a20 ly constructed. \n+00034330: 2020 2020 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 636f whitelist co\n+00034340: 756c 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 7265 uld result in re\n+00034350: 6164 696e 6720 6120 6d61 6c69 6369 6f75 ading a maliciou\n+00034360: 7320 7661 6c75 6520 696e 746f 2063 7269 s value into cri\n+00034370: 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 tical. envir\n+00034380: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00034390: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 from the file, \n+000343a0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 7365 7474 696e 670a such as setting.\n+000343b0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 ...check_si\n+000343c0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e 6fe2 8099 2c20 gnatures=no..., \n+000343d0: 6d6f 6469 6679 696e 6720 e280 9870 7265 modifying ...pre\n+000343e0: 6669 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 fix... to boot f\n+000343f0: 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6578 rom an. unex\n+00034400: 7065 6374 6564 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 pected location \n+00034410: 6f72 206e 6f74 2061 7420 616c 6c2c 2065 or not at all, e\n+00034420: 7463 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2075 tc... When u\n+00034430: 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c 20e2 sed with care, .\n+00034440: 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 ..--skip-sig... \n+00034450: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6974 656c 6973 and the whitelis\n+00034460: 7420 656e 6162 6c65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 t enable an. \n+00034470: 2061 646d 696e 6973 7472 6174 6f72 2074 administrator t\n+00034480: 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 6120 7379 o configure a sy\n+00034490: 7374 656d 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 6e6c stem to boot onl\n+000344a0: 7920 7369 676e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f y signed. co\n+000344b0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 nfigurations, bu\n+000344c0: 7420 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2075 t to allow the u\n+000344d0: 7365 7220 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 6672 ser to select fr\n+000344e0: 6f6d 2061 6d6f 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c om among multipl\n+000344f0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 e. configura\n+00034500: 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 656e tions, and to en\n+00034510: 6162 6c65 2022 6f6e 652d 7368 6f74 2220 able \"one-shot\" \n+00034520: 626f 6f74 2061 7474 656d 7074 7320 616e boot attempts an\n+00034530: 640a 2020 2020 2022 7361 7665 6465 6661 d. \"savedefa\n+00034540: 756c 7422 2062 6568 6176 696f 722e 2020 ult\" behavior. \n+00034550: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 *Note Using digi\n+00034560: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a tal signatures::\n+00034570: 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 , for more. \n+00034580: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n+00034590: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000345a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 Node: loadfont\n+000345b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 , Next: loopbac\n+000345c0: 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 k, Prev: load_e\n+000345d0: 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nv, Up: Command\n+000345e0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+000345f0: 3137 2e34 2e34 3220 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 17.4.42 loadfont\n+00034600: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00034610: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00034620: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6520 2e2e loadfont file ..\n+00034630: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7370 6563 .. Load spec\n+00034640: 6966 6965 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 ified font files\n+00034650: 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 6162 736f 6c75 . Unless absolu\n+00034660: 7465 2070 6174 686e 616d 6520 6973 2067 te pathname is g\n+00034670: 6976 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 iven, FILE. \n+00034680: 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 is assumed to be\n+00034690: 2069 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 in directory ..\n+000346a0: 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f66 6f6e 7473 e280 .$prefix/fonts..\n+000346b0: 9920 7769 7468 2073 7566 6669 7820 e280 . with suffix ..\n+000346c0: 982e 7066 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6170 ..pf2.... ap\n+000346d0: 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2046 pended. *Note F\n+000346e0: 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 onts: Theme file\n+000346f0: 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 format.....File\n+00034700: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00034710: 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 204e de: loopback, N\n+00034720: 6578 743a 206c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ext: ls, Prev: \n+00034730: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 loadfont, Up: C\n+00034740: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00034750: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3320 6c6f ands..17.4.43 lo\n+00034760: 6f70 6261 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d opback.---------\n+00034770: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00034780: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 205b mand: loopback [\n+00034790: 2d64 5d20 5b2d 445d 2064 6576 6963 6520 -d] [-D] device \n+000347a0: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2074 file. Make t\n+000347b0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 he device named \n+000347c0: 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e DEVICE correspon\n+000347d0: 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 d to the content\n+000347e0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 s of the. fi\n+000347f0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2069 lesystem image i\n+00034800: 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 n FILE. For exa\n+00034810: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:.. \n+00034820: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6c6f 6f70 3020 loopback loop0 \n+00034830: 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f69 6d61 6765 0a20 /path/to/image. \n+00034840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 7320 286c 6f6f ls (loo\n+00034850: 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 p0)/.. Speci\n+00034860: 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 44e2 fying the ...-D.\n+00034870: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 .. option allows\n+00034880: 2074 6865 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6669 the loopback fi\n+00034890: 6c65 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7472 le to be. tr\n+000348a0: 616e 7061 7265 6e74 6c79 2064 6563 6f6d anparently decom\n+000348b0: 7072 6573 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 pressed if there\n+000348c0: 2069 7320 616e 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 is an appropria\n+000348d0: 7465 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 720a te decompressor.\n+000348e0: 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 loaded... \n+000348f0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d With the ...-\n+00034900: 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2064 656c d... option, del\n+00034910: 6574 6520 6120 6465 7669 6365 2070 7265 ete a device pre\n+00034920: 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6372 6561 7465 6420 viously created \n+00034930: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 using this. \n+00034940: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 command.....File\n+00034950: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00034960: 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c de: ls, Next: l\n+00034970: 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c sfonts, Prev: l\n+00034980: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f oopback, Up: Co\n+00034990: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+000349a0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3434 206c 730a nds..17.4.44 ls.\n+000349b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+000349c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7320 5b61 7267 Command: ls [arg\n+000349d0: 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 ...]. List \n+000349e0: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6573 devices or files\n+000349f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 ... With no \n+00034a00: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 arguments, print\n+00034a10: 2061 6c6c 2064 6576 6963 6573 206b 6e6f all devices kno\n+00034a20: 776e 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 wn to GRUB... \n+00034a30: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e If the argumen\n+00034a40: 7420 6973 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 t is a device na\n+00034a50: 6d65 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 696e 2070 me enclosed in p\n+00034a60: 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 arentheses (*not\n+00034a70: 650a 2020 2020 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 e. Device sy\n+00034a80: 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 7072 ntax::), then pr\n+00034a90: 696e 7420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 int the name of \n+00034aa0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206f the filesystem o\n+00034ab0: 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 f that. devi\n+00034ac0: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 ce... If the\n+00034ad0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 argument is a d\n+00034ae0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2067 6976 656e 2061 irectory given a\n+00034af0: 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 s an absolute fi\n+00034b00: 6c65 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e le name. (*n\n+00034b10: 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 ote File name sy\n+00034b20: 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 6c69 ntax::), then li\n+00034b30: 7374 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 st the contents \n+00034b40: 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 6972 of that. dir\n+00034b50: 6563 746f 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ectory.....File:\n+00034b60: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00034b70: 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 204e 6578 e: lsfonts, Nex\n+00034b80: 743a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: lsmod, Prev:\n+00034b90: 206c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ls, Up: Comman\n+00034ba0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00034bb0: 0a31 372e 342e 3435 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 .17.4.45 lsfonts\n+00034bc0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00034bd0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n+00034be0: 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 sfonts. List\n+00034bf0: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732e 0a0a loaded fonts...\n+00034c00: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00034c10: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c o, Node: lsmod,\n+00034c20: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 Next: md5sum, \n+00034c30: 2050 7265 763a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 Prev: lsfonts, \n+00034c40: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00034c50: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00034c60: 2e34 3620 6c73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .46 lsmod.------\n+00034c70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00034c80: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 6d6f 640a 2020 2020 mand: lsmod. \n+00034c90: 2053 686f 7720 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6c6f Show list of lo\n+00034ca0: 6164 6564 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a1f aded modules....\n+00034cb0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00034cc0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c , Node: md5sum,\n+00034cd0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 Next: module, \n+00034ce0: 2050 7265 763a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 Prev: lsmod, U\n+00034cf0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00034d00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n+00034d10: 3720 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7 md5sum.-------\n+00034d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00034d30: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2061 7267 mand: md5sum arg\n+00034d40: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 .... Alias \n+00034d50: 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d for ...hashsum -\n+00034d60: 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 3520 6172 6720 2e2e -hash md5 arg ..\n+00034d70: 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..... See comma\n+00034d80: 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 nd ...hashsum...\n+00034d90: 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 . (*note has\n+00034da0: 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c hsum::) for full\n+00034db0: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f description....\n+00034dc0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00034dd0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 652c , Node: module,\n+00034de0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Next: multiboo\n+00034df0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d64 3573 756d t, Prev: md5sum\n+00034e00: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00034e10: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00034e20: 2e34 2e34 3820 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d .4.48 module.---\n+00034e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00034e40: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 Command: module\n+00034e50: 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 696c [--nounzip] fil\n+00034e60: 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 e [arguments]. \n+00034e70: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 Load a module\n+00034e80: 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b for multiboot k\n+00034e90: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 ernel image. Th\n+00034ea0: 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 e rest of the li\n+00034eb0: 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 ne is. passe\n+00034ec0: 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 d verbatim as th\n+00034ed0: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e module command\n+00034ee0: 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 line.....File: \n+00034ef0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00034f00: 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 : multiboot, Ne\n+00034f10: 7874 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 xt: nativedisk, \n+00034f20: 2050 7265 763a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 Prev: module, \n+00034f30: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00034f40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00034f50: 3439 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 49 multiboot.---\n+00034f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00034f70: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 756c -- Command: mul\n+00034f80: 7469 626f 6f74 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d tiboot [--quirk-\n+00034f90: 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 5d0a 2020 2020 bad-kludge]. \n+00034fa0: 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d [--quirk-m\n+00034fb0: 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 odules-after-ker\n+00034fc0: 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 nel] file .... \n+00034fd0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 Load a multib\n+00034fe0: 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 oot kernel image\n+00034ff0: 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 from FILE. The\n+00035000: 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e rest of the lin\n+00035010: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 e is. passed\n+00035020: 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 verbatim as the\n+00035030: 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 ...kernel comma\n+00035040: 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 nd-line.... Any\n+00035050: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 650a module must be.\n+00035060: 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 reloaded af\n+00035070: 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 ter using this c\n+00035080: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d6f ommand (*note mo\n+00035090: 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 dule::)... S\n+000350a0: 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6861 7665 ome kernels have\n+000350b0: 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e known problems.\n+000350c0: 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 You need to sp\n+000350d0: 6563 6966 7920 2d71 7569 726b 2d2a 2066 ecify -quirk-* f\n+000350e0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6f73 652e 2020 or. those. \n+000350f0: 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 -quirk-bad-kludg\n+00035100: 6520 6973 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2073 e is a problem s\n+00035110: 6565 6e20 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2070 een in several p\n+00035120: 726f 6475 6374 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 roducts. tha\n+00035130: 7420 7468 6579 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206c t they include l\n+00035140: 6f61 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 6467 6520 696e oading kludge in\n+00035150: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2069 formation with i\n+00035160: 6e76 616c 6964 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 nvalid data in. \n+00035170: 2020 2020 454c 4620 6669 6c65 2e20 2047 ELF file. G\n+00035180: 5255 4220 7072 696f 7220 746f 2030 2e39 RUB prior to 0.9\n+00035190: 3720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 2063 7573 746f 7 and some custo\n+000351a0: 6d20 6275 696c 6473 2070 7265 6665 7272 m builds preferr\n+000351b0: 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f ed ELF. info\n+000351c0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7768 696c 6520 302e rmation while 0.\n+000351d0: 3937 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 3220 7573 97 and GRUB 2 us\n+000351e0: 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 2055 7365 2074 e kludge. Use t\n+000351f0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 his option to. \n+00035200: 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 ignore kludge\n+00035210: 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 6563 7465 . Known affecte\n+00035220: 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 206f 6c64 2053 d systems: old S\n+00035230: 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 536b 794f 532e 0a0a olaris, SkyOS...\n+00035240: 2020 2020 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f 6475 -quirk-modu\n+00035250: 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 726e 656c les-after-kernel\n+00035260: 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206b is needed for k\n+00035270: 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 6368 206c 6f61 ernels which loa\n+00035280: 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c61 7469 d at. relati\n+00035290: 7665 6c79 2068 6967 6820 6164 6472 6573 vely high addres\n+000352a0: 7320 652e 672e 2020 3136 4d69 4220 6d61 s e.g. 16MiB ma\n+000352b0: 726b 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2774 2063 6f70 rk and can't cop\n+000352c0: 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 e with. modu\n+000352d0: 6c65 7320 7374 7566 6665 6420 6265 7477 les stuffed betw\n+000352e0: 6565 6e20 314d 6942 206d 6172 6b20 616e een 1MiB mark an\n+000352f0: 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 d beginning of t\n+00035300: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 he kernel.. \n+00035310: 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 6563 7465 6420 Known afftected \n+00035320: 7379 7374 656d 733a 2056 4d57 6172 652e systems: VMWare.\n+00035330: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00035340: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 nfo, Node: nati\n+00035350: 7665 6469 736b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e vedisk, Next: n\n+00035360: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d75 ormal, Prev: mu\n+00035370: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ltiboot, Up: Co\n+00035380: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00035390: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3530 206e 6174 nds..17.4.50 nat\n+000353a0: 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ivedisk.--------\n+000353b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+000353c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6174 6976 6564 Command: natived\n+000353d0: 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 2053 7769 7463 6820 isk. Switch \n+000353e0: 6672 6f6d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6469 from firmware di\n+000353f0: 736b 2064 7269 7665 7273 2074 6f20 6e61 sk drivers to na\n+00035400: 7469 7665 206f 6e65 732e 2020 5265 616c tive ones. Real\n+00035410: 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 206f ly useful. o\n+00035420: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 nly on platforms\n+00035430: 2077 6865 7265 2062 6f74 6820 6669 726d where both firm\n+00035440: 7761 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6174 6976 6520 ware and native \n+00035450: 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 650a disk drives are.\n+00035460: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 available. \n+00035470: 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 3338 362d Currently i386-\n+00035480: 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d65 6669 2c20 6933 pc, i386-efi, i3\n+00035490: 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 3520 616e 640a 86-ieee1275 and.\n+000354a0: 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 692e x86_64-efi.\n+000354b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000354c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d nfo, Node: norm\n+000354d0: 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 al, Next: norma\n+000354e0: 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e l_exit, Prev: n\n+000354f0: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 ativedisk, Up: \n+00035500: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00035510: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3531 206e mands..17.4.51 n\n+00035520: 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ormal.----------\n+00035530: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00035540: 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 5b66 696c 655d d: normal [file]\n+00035550: 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d . Enter norm\n+00035560: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6469 7370 al mode and disp\n+00035570: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 656e lay the GRUB men\n+00035580: 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 6e6f 726d u... In norm\n+00035590: 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 al mode, command\n+000355a0: 732c 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f s, filesystem mo\n+000355b0: 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2063 7279 7074 dules, and crypt\n+000355c0: 6f67 7261 7068 790a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 ography. mod\n+000355d0: 756c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 ules are automat\n+000355e0: 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 642c 2061 ically loaded, a\n+000355f0: 6e64 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 4752 5542 nd the full GRUB\n+00035600: 2073 6372 6970 7420 7061 7273 6572 0a20 script parser. \n+00035610: 2020 2020 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 is available\n+00035620: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 . Other modules\n+00035630: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6578 706c 6963 6974 may be explicit\n+00035640: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a ly loaded using.\n+00035650: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 ...insmod..\n+00035660: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a . (*note insmod:\n+00035670: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2046 :)... If a F\n+00035680: 494c 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 ILE is given, th\n+00035690: 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c en commands will\n+000356a0: 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 be read from th\n+000356b0: 6174 2066 696c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 at file.. Ot\n+000356c0: 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 7769 herwise, they wi\n+000356d0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 ll be read from \n+000356e0: e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f67 7275 622e ...$prefix/grub.\n+000356f0: 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6620 6974 2065 7869 cfg... if it exi\n+00035700: 7374 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6e6f sts... ...no\n+00035710: 726d 616c e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2063 rmal... may be c\n+00035720: 616c 6c65 6420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 alled from withi\n+00035730: 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 n normal mode, c\n+00035740: 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 6e65 7374 6564 reating a nested\n+00035750: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n+00035760: 742e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2075 t. It is more u\n+00035770: 7375 616c 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 9863 sual to use ...c\n+00035780: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e onfigfile... (*n\n+00035790: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 ote. configf\n+000357a0: 696c 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e ile::) for this.\n+000357b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000357c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d nfo, Node: norm\n+000357d0: 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 al_exit, Next: \n+000357e0: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2050 7265 763a parttool, Prev:\n+000357f0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f normal, Up: Co\n+00035800: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00035810: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3532 206e 6f72 nds..17.4.52 nor\n+00035820: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mal_exit.-------\n+00035830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00035840: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 - Command: norma\n+00035850: 6c5f 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 4578 6974 l_exit. Exit\n+00035860: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e normal mode (*n\n+00035870: 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 ote normal::). \n+00035880: 4966 2074 6869 7320 696e 7374 616e 6365 If this instance\n+00035890: 206f 6620 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a of normal mode.\n+000358a0: 2020 2020 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206e 6573 was not nes\n+000358b0: 7465 6420 7769 7468 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 ted within anoth\n+000358c0: 6572 206f 6e65 2c20 7468 656e 2072 6574 er one, then ret\n+000358d0: 7572 6e20 746f 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f urn to rescue mo\n+000358e0: 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 de.....File: gru\n+000358f0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n+00035900: 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 arttool, Next: \n+00035910: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2050 7265 763a password, Prev:\n+00035920: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2055 normal_exit, U\n+00035930: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00035940: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 commands..17.4.5\n+00035950: 3320 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 parttool.-----\n+00035960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00035970: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7274 746f Command: partto\n+00035980: 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6d ol partition com\n+00035990: 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 mands. Make \n+000359a0: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 various modifica\n+000359b0: 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 6172 7469 7469 tions to partiti\n+000359c0: 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 on table entries\n+000359d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4561 6368 2043 4f4d ... Each COM\n+000359e0: 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 6569 7468 6572 2061 MAND is either a\n+000359f0: 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e2c boolean option,\n+00035a00: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 in which case i\n+00035a10: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2066 t must be. f\n+00035a20: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 ollowed with ...\n+00035a30: 2be2 8099 206f 7220 e280 982d e280 9920 +... or ...-... \n+00035a40: 2877 6974 6820 6e6f 2069 6e74 6572 7665 (with no interve\n+00035a50: 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2920 746f 2065 ning space) to e\n+00035a60: 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6469 nable or. di\n+00035a70: 7361 626c 6520 7468 6174 206f 7074 696f sable that optio\n+00035a80: 6e2c 206f 7220 656c 7365 2069 7420 7461 n, or else it ta\n+00035a90: 6b65 7320 6120 7661 6c75 6520 696e 2074 kes a value in t\n+00035aa0: 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 he form. ...\n+00035ab0: 434f 4d4d 414e 443d 5641 4c55 45e2 8099 COMMAND=VALUE...\n+00035ac0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c ... Currentl\n+00035ad0: 792c 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c e280 y, ...parttool..\n+00035ae0: 9920 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c . is only useful\n+00035af0: 206f 6e20 444f 5320 7061 7274 6974 696f on DOS partitio\n+00035b00: 6e20 7461 626c 6573 2028 616c 736f 0a20 n tables (also. \n+00035b10: 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6173 204d 6173 known as Mas\n+00035b20: 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 642c ter Boot Record,\n+00035b30: 206f 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 4f6e 2074 6865 or MBR). On the\n+00035b40: 7365 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 se partition tab\n+00035b50: 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 666f les,. the fo\n+00035b60: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 llowing commands\n+00035b70: 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a are available:.\n+00035b80: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 . ...boot...\n+00035b90: 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 (boolean). \n+00035ba0: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 When enable\n+00035bb0: 642c 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 d, this makes th\n+00035bc0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 e selected parti\n+00035bd0: 7469 6f6e 2062 6520 7468 6520 6163 7469 tion be the acti\n+00035be0: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 626f ve. (bo\n+00035bf0: 6f74 6162 6c65 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f otable) partitio\n+00035c00: 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 2064 6973 6b2c 2063 n on its disk, c\n+00035c10: 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 6520 6163 7469 learing the acti\n+00035c20: 7665 2066 6c61 6720 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 ve flag on. \n+00035c30: 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2070 all other p\n+00035c40: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 artitions. This\n+00035c50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 command is limi\n+00035c60: 7465 6420 746f 205f 7072 696d 6172 795f ted to _primary_\n+00035c70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 . parti\n+00035c80: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 tions... ...\n+00035c90: 7479 7065 e280 9920 2876 616c 7565 290a type... (value).\n+00035ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 616e 6765 Change\n+00035cb0: 2074 6865 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 the type of an \n+00035cc0: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2070 6172 7469 7469 existing partiti\n+00035cd0: 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 206d on. The value m\n+00035ce0: 7573 7420 6265 2061 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ust be a. \n+00035cf0: 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 number in the\n+00035d00: 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d30 7846 4620 2870 range 0-0xFF (p\n+00035d10: 7265 6669 7820 7769 7468 20e2 8098 3078 refix with ...0x\n+00035d20: e280 9920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2069 7420 ... to enter it \n+00035d30: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6578 in. hex\n+00035d40: 6164 6563 696d 616c 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 adecimal)... \n+00035d50: 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 2862 ...hidden... (b\n+00035d60: 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 oolean). \n+00035d70: 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 When enabled, \n+00035d80: 7468 6973 2068 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 this hides the s\n+00035d90: 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f elected partitio\n+00035da0: 6e20 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 n by setting the\n+00035db0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 809c 6869 . ...hi\n+00035dc0: 6464 656e e280 9d20 6269 7420 696e 2069 dden... bit in i\n+00035dd0: 7473 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 ts partition typ\n+00035de0: 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7768 656e 2064 6973 e code; when dis\n+00035df0: 6162 6c65 642c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 abled,. \n+00035e00: 2075 6e68 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c unhides the sel\n+00035e10: 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ected partition \n+00035e20: 6279 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 6973 by clearing this\n+00035e30: 2062 6974 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 bit. This is. \n+00035e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 useful \n+00035e50: 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e only when bootin\n+00035e60: 6720 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 g DOS or Windows\n+00035e70: 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7072 and multiple pr\n+00035e80: 696d 6172 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 imary. \n+00035e90: 4641 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2065 FAT partitions e\n+00035ea0: 7869 7374 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6469 736b xist in one disk\n+00035eb0: 2e20 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 . See also *not\n+00035ec0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 444f 532f e. DOS/\n+00035ed0: 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Windows::.....Fi\n+00035ee0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00035ef0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 Node: password, \n+00035f00: 204e 6578 743a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f Next: password_\n+00035f10: 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 pbkdf2, Prev: p\n+00035f20: 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f arttool, Up: Co\n+00035f30: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00035f40: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3534 2070 6173 nds..17.4.54 pas\n+00035f50: 7377 6f72 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sword.----------\n+00035f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00035f70: 616e 643a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 7573 and: password us\n+00035f80: 6572 2063 6c65 6172 2d70 6173 7377 6f72 er clear-passwor\n+00035f90: 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 6120 d. Define a \n+00035fa0: 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 2055 5345 5220 user named USER \n+00035fb0: 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 434c with password CL\n+00035fc0: 4541 522d 5041 5353 574f 5244 2e20 202a EAR-PASSWORD. *\n+00035fd0: 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6375 7269 Note. Securi\n+00035fe0: 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ty::.....File: g\n+00035ff0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00036000: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n+00036010: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f , Next: plainmo\n+00036020: 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 unt, Prev: pass\n+00036030: 776f 7264 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 word, Up: Comma\n+00036040: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00036050: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3520 7061 7373 776f ..17.4.55 passwo\n+00036060: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 320a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rd_pbkdf2.------\n+00036070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00036080: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00036090: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 3220 password_pbkdf2 \n+000360a0: 7573 6572 2068 6173 6865 642d 7061 7373 user hashed-pass\n+000360b0: 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 word. Define\n+000360c0: 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 a user named US\n+000360d0: 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 ER with password\n+000360e0: 2068 6173 6820 4841 5348 4544 2d50 4153 hash HASHED-PAS\n+000360f0: 5357 4f52 442e 2020 5573 650a 2020 2020 SWORD. Use. \n+00036100: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ...grub-mkpassw\n+00036110: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f d-pbkdf2... (*no\n+00036120: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n+00036130: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n+00036140: 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6765 6e65 ::) to. gene\n+00036150: 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 rate password ha\n+00036160: 7368 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 shes. *Note Sec\n+00036170: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 urity::.....File\n+00036180: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00036190: 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 de: plainmount, \n+000361a0: 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 5072 Next: play, Pr\n+000361b0: 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b ev: password_pbk\n+000361c0: 6466 322c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e df2, Up: Comman\n+000361d0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+000361e0: 0a31 372e 342e 3536 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f .17.4.56 plainmo\n+000361f0: 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d unt.------------\n+00036200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00036210: 616e 643a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 and: plainmount \n+00036220: 6465 7669 6365 202d 6320 6369 7068 6572 device -c cipher\n+00036230: 202d 7320 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 205b 2d68 -s key size [-h\n+00036240: 2068 6173 685d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 hash]. [...\n+00036250: 2d53 e280 9920 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a -S... sector siz\n+00036260: 655d 205b e280 982d 70e2 8099 2070 6173 e] [...-p... pas\n+00036270: 7377 6f72 645d 205b e280 982d 75e2 8099 sword] [...-u...\n+00036280: 2075 7569 645d 205b 5be2 8098 2d64 e280 uuid] [[...-d..\n+00036290: 9920 6b65 7966 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 . keyfile]. \n+000362a0: 5be2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c [...-O... keyfil\n+000362b0: 6520 6f66 6673 6574 5d5d 0a0a 2020 2020 e offset]].. \n+000362c0: 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f Setup access to\n+000362d0: 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 the encrypted d\n+000362e0: 6576 6963 6520 696e 2070 6c61 696e 206d evice in plain m\n+000362f0: 6f64 652e 2020 4f66 6673 6574 206f 6620 ode. Offset of \n+00036300: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 the. encrypt\n+00036310: 6564 2064 6174 6120 6174 2074 6865 2064 ed data at the d\n+00036320: 6576 6963 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 evice is specifi\n+00036330: 6564 2069 6e20 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2035 ed in terms of 5\n+00036340: 3132 2062 7974 650a 2020 2020 2073 6563 12 byte. sec\n+00036350: 746f 7273 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2062 tors using the b\n+00036360: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 locklist syntax \n+00036370: 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2064 6576 and loopback dev\n+00036380: 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 ice. The. f\n+00036390: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ollowing example\n+000363a0: 2073 686f 7773 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 shows how to sp\n+000363b0: 6563 6966 7920 314d 6942 206f 6666 7365 ecify 1MiB offse\n+000363c0: 743a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f t:.. lo\n+000363d0: 6f70 6261 636b 206e 6f64 6520 2868 6430 opback node (hd0\n+000363e0: 2c67 7074 3129 3230 3438 2b0a 2020 2020 ,gpt1)2048+. \n+000363f0: 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 plainmount\n+00036400: 206e 6f64 6520 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 node ..... \n+00036410: 5468 6520 e280 9870 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e The ...plainmoun\n+00036420: 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 616e t... command can\n+00036430: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6f70 656e be used to open\n+00036440: 204c 554b 5320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 LUKS encrypted \n+00036450: 766f 6c75 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2069 volume. if i\n+00036460: 7473 206d 6173 7465 7220 6b65 7920 616e ts master key an\n+00036470: 6420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2028 6b65 d parameters (ke\n+00036480: 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6369 7068 6572 2c20 y size, cipher, \n+00036490: 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 6574 6329 0a20 2020 offset, etc). \n+000364a0: 2020 6172 6520 6b6e 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 are known... \n+000364b0: 2020 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f There are two\n+000364c0: 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 ways to specify\n+000364d0: 2061 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2061 206b a password: a k\n+000364e0: 6579 6669 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 2073 6563 eyfile and a sec\n+000364f0: 7265 740a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7370 6872 ret. passphr\n+00036500: 6173 652e 2020 5468 6520 6b65 7966 696c ase. The keyfil\n+00036510: 6520 7061 7468 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 e path parameter\n+00036520: 2068 6173 2068 6967 6865 7220 7072 696f has higher prio\n+00036530: 7269 7479 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 rity than. t\n+00036540: 6865 2073 6563 7265 7420 7061 7373 7068 he secret passph\n+00036550: 7261 7365 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2061 rase parameter a\n+00036560: 6e64 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 nd is specified \n+00036570: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e0a with the option.\n+00036580: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 992e 2020 ...-d.... \n+00036590: 5061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 6f62 Password data ob\n+000365a0: 7461 696e 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6b65 7966 tained from keyf\n+000365b0: 696c 6573 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7368 iles is not hash\n+000365c0: 6564 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 ed and is. u\n+000365d0: 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7320 sed directly as \n+000365e0: 6120 6369 7068 6572 206b 6579 2e20 2041 a cipher key. A\n+000365f0: 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 6666 7365 n optional offse\n+00036600: 7420 6f66 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 t of password da\n+00036610: 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 206b ta. in the k\n+00036620: 6579 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 eyfile can be sp\n+00036630: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 ecified with the\n+00036640: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 option ...-O...\n+00036650: 206f 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 or directly. \n+00036660: 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f with the optio\n+00036670: 6e20 e280 982d 64e2 8099 2061 6e64 2047 n ...-d... and G\n+00036680: 5255 4220 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 RUB blocklist sy\n+00036690: 6e74 6178 2c20 6966 2074 6865 206b 6579 ntax, if the key\n+000366a0: 6669 6c65 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2063 file data. c\n+000366b0: 616e 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6564 2066 an be accessed f\n+000366c0: 726f 6d20 6120 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 rom a device and\n+000366d0: 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 2061 6c69 is 512 byte ali\n+000366e0: 676e 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 gned. The. \n+000366f0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c following exampl\n+00036700: 6520 7368 6f77 7320 626f 7468 206d 6574 e shows both met\n+00036710: 686f 6473 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 hods to specify \n+00036720: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 696e password data in\n+00036730: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 7966 696c . the keyfil\n+00036740: 6520 6174 206f 6666 7365 7420 314d 6942 e at offset 1MiB\n+00036750: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 :.. pla\n+00036760: 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 302c inmount -d (hd0,\n+00036770: 6770 7431 2932 3034 382b 202e 2e2e 0a20 gpt1)2048+ .... \n+00036780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f plainmo\n+00036790: 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 unt -d (hd0,gpt1\n+000367a0: 292b 202d 4f20 3130 3438 3537 3620 2e2e )+ -O 1048576 ..\n+000367b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6b65 ... If no ke\n+000367c0: 7966 696c 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 yfile is specifi\n+000367d0: 6564 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7373 ed then the pass\n+000367e0: 776f 7264 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2074 word is set to t\n+000367f0: 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2073 he string. s\n+00036800: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2062 7920 6f70 7469 pecified by opti\n+00036810: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6f72 2069 on ...-p... or i\n+00036820: 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 696e 7465 s requested inte\n+00036830: 7261 6374 6976 656c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 ractively from t\n+00036840: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e he. console.\n+00036850: 2020 496e 2062 6f74 6820 6361 7365 7320 In both cases \n+00036860: 7468 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2070 6173 the provided pas\n+00036870: 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2068 6173 6865 6420 sword is hashed \n+00036880: 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 616c with the. al\n+00036890: 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6965 gorithm specifie\n+000368a0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 d by the option \n+000368b0: e280 982d 68e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ...-h.... This \n+000368c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 6174 option is mandat\n+000368d0: 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 6e6f 206b ory. if no k\n+000368e0: 6579 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 eyfile is specif\n+000368f0: 6965 642c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e20 ied, but it can \n+00036900: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9870 6c61 be set to ...pla\n+00036910: 696e e280 9920 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 in... which. \n+00036920: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6e6f 2068 means that no h\n+00036930: 6173 6869 6e67 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2061 ashing is done a\n+00036940: 6e64 2073 7563 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 nd such password\n+00036950: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c is used directl\n+00036960: 7920 6173 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6b65 792e y as. a key.\n+00036970: 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6970 6865 7220 e280 .. Cipher ..\n+00036980: 982d 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 206b 6579 7369 .-c... and keysi\n+00036990: 7a65 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 ze ...-s... opti\n+000369a0: 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 ons specify the \n+000369b0: 6369 7068 6572 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d cipher algorithm\n+000369c0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 6b65 . and the ke\n+000369d0: 7920 7369 7a65 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 y size respectiv\n+000369e0: 656c 7920 616e 6420 6172 6520 6d61 6e64 ely and are mand\n+000369f0: 6174 6f72 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 atory options. \n+00036a00: 4369 7068 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 7374 Cipher. must\n+00036a10: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 be specified wi\n+00036a20: 7468 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7061 th the mode sepa\n+00036a30: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2064 6173 6820 rated by a dash \n+00036a40: 2866 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2020 (for example,. \n+00036a50: 2020 20e2 8098 6165 732d 7874 732d 706c ...aes-xts-pl\n+00036a60: 6169 6e36 34e2 8099 292e 2020 4b65 7920 ain64...). Key \n+00036a70: 7369 7a65 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d size option ...-\n+00036a80: 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7468 6520 6b65 7920 s... is the key \n+00036a90: 7369 7a65 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 size of the. \n+00036aa0: 2063 6970 6865 7220 696e 2062 6974 732c cipher in bits,\n+00036ab0: 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 not to be confu\n+00036ac0: 7365 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 6666 sed with the off\n+00036ad0: 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6579 2064 set of the key d\n+00036ae0: 6174 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6120 6b65 ata. in a ke\n+00036af0: 7966 696c 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 yfile specified \n+00036b00: 7769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 with the ...-O..\n+00036b10: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6d75 . option. It mu\n+00036b20: 7374 206e 6f74 2065 7863 6565 640a 2020 st not exceed. \n+00036b30: 2020 2031 3032 3420 6269 7473 2c20 736f 1024 bits, so\n+00036b40: 2061 2033 3220 6279 7465 206b 6579 2077 a 32 byte key w\n+00036b50: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 ould be specifie\n+00036b60: 6420 6173 2032 3536 2062 6974 730a 0a20 d as 256 bits.. \n+00036b70: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c The optional\n+00036b80: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 20e2 8098 2d53 parameter ...-S\n+00036b90: e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 656e ... specifies en\n+00036ba0: 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2073 crypted device s\n+00036bb0: 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 2020 ector size.. \n+00036bc0: 2049 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6174 206c It must be at l\n+00036bd0: 6561 7374 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 206c east 512 bytes l\n+00036be0: 6f6e 6720 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2076 616c ong (default val\n+00036bf0: 7565 2920 616e 6420 6120 706f 7765 7220 ue) and a power \n+00036c00: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 322e 2020 2831 2920 of. 2. (1) \n+00036c10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 (*note plainmou\n+00036c20: 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 nt-Footnote-1::)\n+00036c30: 2e20 2044 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 2073 . Disk sector s\n+00036c40: 697a 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 ize is. conf\n+00036c50: 6967 7572 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6372 6561 igured when crea\n+00036c60: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 7074 ting the encrypt\n+00036c70: 6564 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4174 7465 ed volume. Atte\n+00036c80: 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2064 mpting to. d\n+00036c90: 6563 7279 7074 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2077 ecrypt volumes w\n+00036ca0: 6974 6820 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 ith a different \n+00036cb0: 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 7468 616e sector size than\n+00036cc0: 2069 7420 7761 7320 6372 6561 7465 640a it was created.\n+00036cd0: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7769 6c6c 206e with will n\n+00036ce0: 6f74 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e 2061 6e20 ot result in an \n+00036cf0: 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 2077 696c 6c20 error, but will \n+00036d00: 6465 6372 7970 7420 746f 2072 616e 646f decrypt to rando\n+00036d10: 6d20 6279 7465 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 m bytes. and\n+00036d20: 2074 6875 7320 7072 6576 656e 7420 6163 thus prevent ac\n+00036d30: 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 766f 6c75 cessing the volu\n+00036d40: 6d65 2028 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 me (in some case\n+00036d50: 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d s the filesystem\n+00036d60: 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 6572 2063 616e . driver can\n+00036d70: 2064 6574 6563 7420 7468 6520 7072 6573 detect the pres\n+00036d80: 656e 6365 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 7379 ence of a filesy\n+00036d90: 7374 656d 2c20 6275 7420 6e65 7665 7274 stem, but nevert\n+00036da0: 6865 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c heless. will\n+00036db0: 2072 6566 7573 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 refuse to mount\n+00036dc0: 2069 7429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 it)... By d\n+00036dd0: 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6577 2070 6c61 696e efault new plain\n+00036de0: 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 mount devices wi\n+00036df0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 5555 ll be given a UU\n+00036e00: 4944 2073 7461 7274 696e 670a 2020 2020 ID starting. \n+00036e10: 2077 6974 6820 2731 3039 6665 6138 342d with '109fea84-\n+00036e20: 6136 6237 2d33 3461 382d 3462 6431 2d31 a6b7-34a8-4bd1-1\n+00036e30: 6335 3036 3330 3561 3430 3127 2077 6865 c506305a401' whe\n+00036e40: 7265 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 6469 6769 re the last digi\n+00036e50: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 696e 6372 ts. are incr\n+00036e60: 656d 656e 7465 6420 6279 206f 6e65 2066 emented by one f\n+00036e70: 6f72 2065 6163 6820 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 or each plainmou\n+00036e80: 6e74 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 6265 796f nted device beyo\n+00036e90: 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 nd the. firs\n+00036ea0: 7420 7570 2074 6f20 325e 3130 2064 6576 t up to 2^10 dev\n+00036eb0: 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6c20 ices... All \n+00036ec0: 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d encryption argum\n+00036ed0: 656e 7473 2028 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6861 ents (cipher, ha\n+00036ee0: 7368 2c20 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6469 sh, key size, di\n+00036ef0: 736b 206f 6666 7365 7420 616e 640a 2020 sk offset and. \n+00036f00: 2020 2064 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 2073 disk sector s\n+00036f10: 697a 6529 206d 7573 7420 6d61 7463 6820 ize) must match \n+00036f20: 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2075 the parameters u\n+00036f30: 7365 6420 746f 2063 7265 6174 6520 7468 sed to create th\n+00036f40: 650a 2020 2020 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 e. volume. \n+00036f50: 4966 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 656d 2064 If any of them d\n+00036f60: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 oes not match th\n+00036f70: 6520 6163 7475 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e e actual argumen\n+00036f80: 7473 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 7572 ts used. dur\n+00036f90: 696e 6720 7468 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c20 ing the initial \n+00036fa0: 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2c20 706c 6169 encryption, plai\n+00036fb0: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 nmount will crea\n+00036fc0: 7465 2076 6972 7475 616c 0a20 2020 2020 te virtual. \n+00036fd0: 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 device with the \n+00036fe0: 6761 7262 6167 6520 6461 7461 2061 6e64 garbage data and\n+00036ff0: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6f72 GRUB will repor\n+00037000: 7420 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2066 t unknown. f\n+00037010: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 666f 7220 7375 ilesystem for su\n+00037020: 6368 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ch device.....Fi\n+00037030: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00037040: 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 Node: plainmount\n+00037050: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a -Footnotes, Up:\n+00037060: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 0a20 2020 plainmount.. \n+00037070: 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c (1) Current impl\n+00037080: 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6372 ementation of cr\n+00037090: 7970 7473 6574 7570 2073 7570 706f 7274 yptsetup support\n+000370a0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a35 3132 2f31 3032 342f s only.512/1024/\n+000370b0: 3230 3438 2f34 3039 3620 6279 7465 2073 2048/4096 byte s\n+000370c0: 6563 746f 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ectors....File: \n+000370d0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000370e0: 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 : play, Next: p\n+000370f0: 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6c61 robe, Prev: pla\n+00037100: 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f inmount, Up: Co\n+00037110: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00037120: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3537 2070 6c61 nds..17.4.57 pla\n+00037130: 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a y.------------..\n+00037140: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 -- Command: pla\n+00037150: 7920 6669 6c65 207c 2074 656d 706f 205b y file | tempo [\n+00037160: 7069 7463 6831 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e31 pitch1 duration1\n+00037170: 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 3220 6475 7261 7469 ] [pitch2 durati\n+00037180: 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 506c on2] .... Pl\n+00037190: 6179 7320 6120 7475 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 ays a tune.. \n+000371a0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 If the argument\n+000371b0: 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 is a file name \n+000371c0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 (*note File name\n+000371d0: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 706c 6179 syntax::), play\n+000371e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7475 6e65 2072 the. tune r\n+000371f0: 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e 2069 742e 2020 ecorded in it. \n+00037200: 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 The file format \n+00037210: 6973 2066 6972 7374 2074 6865 2074 656d is first the tem\n+00037220: 706f 2061 7320 616e 0a20 2020 2020 756e po as an. un\n+00037230: 7369 676e 6564 2033 3262 6974 206c 6974 signed 32bit lit\n+00037240: 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 tle-endian numbe\n+00037250: 722c 2074 6865 6e20 7061 6972 7320 6f66 r, then pairs of\n+00037260: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 3136 6269 740a unsigned 16bit.\n+00037270: 2020 2020 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 little-endi\n+00037280: 616e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2066 6f72 2070 an numbers for p\n+00037290: 6974 6368 2061 6e64 2064 7572 6174 696f itch and duratio\n+000372a0: 6e20 7061 6972 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 n pairs... I\n+000372b0: 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 f the arguments \n+000372c0: 6172 6520 6120 7365 7269 6573 206f 6620 are a series of \n+000372d0: 6e75 6d62 6572 732c 2070 6c61 7920 7468 numbers, play th\n+000372e0: 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 2074 756e 652e 0a0a e inline tune...\n+000372f0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 656d 706f 2069 The tempo i\n+00037300: 7320 7468 6520 6261 7365 2066 6f72 2061 s the base for a\n+00037310: 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 6475 7261 7469 6f6e ll note duration\n+00037320: 732e 2020 3630 2067 6976 6573 2061 2031 s. 60 gives a 1\n+00037330: 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2062 6173 -second. bas\n+00037340: 652c 2031 3230 2067 6976 6573 2061 2068 e, 120 gives a h\n+00037350: 616c 662d 7365 636f 6e64 2062 6173 652c alf-second base,\n+00037360: 2065 7463 2e20 2050 6974 6368 6573 2061 etc. Pitches a\n+00037370: 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 5365 740a 2020 2020 re Hz. Set. \n+00037380: 2070 6974 6368 2074 6f20 3020 746f 2070 pitch to 0 to p\n+00037390: 726f 6475 6365 2061 2072 6573 742e 0a0a roduce a rest...\n+000373a0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000373b0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6f62 652c o, Node: probe,\n+000373c0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 Next: rdmsr, \n+000373d0: 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2055 703a Prev: play, Up:\n+000373e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+000373f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3820 mmands..17.4.58 \n+00037400: 7072 6f62 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d probe.----------\n+00037410: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00037420: 3a20 7072 6f62 6520 5b2d 2d73 6574 2076 : probe [--set v\n+00037430: 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d ar]. --\n+00037440: 6472 6976 6572 7c2d 2d70 6172 746d 6170 driver|--partmap\n+00037450: 7c2d 2d66 737c 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 647c |--fs|--fs-uuid|\n+00037460: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 --label|--part-u\n+00037470: 7569 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 uid device. \n+00037480: 5265 7472 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 Retrieve device \n+00037490: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 information. If\n+000374a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 option ...--set\n+000374b0: e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6173 ... is given, as\n+000374c0: 7369 676e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7375 6c74 sign. result\n+000374d0: 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 to variable VAR\n+000374e0: 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 7072 696e , otherwise prin\n+000374f0: 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e t information on\n+00037500: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 the screen... \n+00037510: 2020 2054 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 The option ..\n+00037520: 982d 2d70 6172 742d 7575 6964 e280 9920 .--part-uuid... \n+00037530: 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c is currently onl\n+00037540: 7920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 666f y implemented fo\n+00037550: 7220 4d53 444f 530a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 r MSDOS. and\n+00037560: 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 GPT formatted d\n+00037570: 6973 6b73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 isks.....File: g\n+00037580: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00037590: 2072 646d 7372 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 rdmsr, Next: r\n+000375a0: 6561 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 6f62 ead, Prev: prob\n+000375b0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n+000375c0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+000375d0: 372e 342e 3539 2072 646d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.59 rdmsr.---\n+000375e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+000375f0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7264 6d73 7220 Command:: rdmsr \n+00037600: 3078 4144 4452 205b 2d76 2056 4152 4e41 0xADDR [-v VARNA\n+00037610: 4d45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 ME]. Read a \n+00037620: 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 model-specific r\n+00037630: 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 egister at addre\n+00037640: 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e 2049 6620 7468 ss 0xADDR. If th\n+00037650: 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 720a 2020 2020 e parameter. \n+00037660: 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 ...-v... is use\n+00037670: 6420 616e 6420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e d and an environ\n+00037680: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 ment variable VA\n+00037690: 524e 414d 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 RNAME is given, \n+000376a0: 7365 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 656e set that. en\n+000376b0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+000376c0: 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 le to the value \n+000376d0: 7468 6174 2077 6173 2072 6561 642e 0a0a that was read...\n+000376e0: 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 Please note\n+000376f0: 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 that on SMP sys\n+00037700: 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 6164 696e 6720 6672 tems, reading fr\n+00037710: 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 om a MSR that ha\n+00037720: 7320 610a 2020 2020 2073 636f 7065 2070 s a. scope p\n+00037730: 6572 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 er hardware thre\n+00037740: 6164 2c20 696d 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 ad, implies that\n+00037750: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 the value that \n+00037760: 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 640a 2020 2020 is returned. \n+00037770: 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f only applies to\n+00037780: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 the particular \n+00037790: 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 cpu/core/thread \n+000377a0: 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 650a 2020 that runs the. \n+000377b0: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 command... \n+000377c0: 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 Also, if you s\n+000377d0: 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 6572 7665 pecify a reserve\n+000377e0: 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 d or unimplement\n+000377f0: 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 ed MSR address, \n+00037800: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 it. will cau\n+00037810: 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c 2070 726f se a general pro\n+00037820: 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f tection exceptio\n+00037830: 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 n (which is not \n+00037840: 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 2020 2062 currently. b\n+00037850: 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 2920 616e eing handled) an\n+00037860: 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 2077 696c d the system wil\n+00037870: 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c l reboot.....Fil\n+00037880: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00037890: 6f64 653a 2072 6561 642c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: read, Next\n+000378a0: 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a : reboot, Prev:\n+000378b0: 2072 646d 7372 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d rdmsr, Up: Com\n+000378c0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+000378d0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3020 7265 6164 ds..17.4.60 read\n+000378e0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n+000378f0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6164 -- Command: read\n+00037900: 205b 2d73 5d20 5b76 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 [-s] [var]. \n+00037910: 2052 6561 6420 6120 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 Read a line of \n+00037920: 696e 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2075 input from the u\n+00037930: 7365 722e 2020 4966 2061 6e20 656e 7669 ser. If an envi\n+00037940: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00037950: 2056 4152 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 VAR. is giv\n+00037960: 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 2065 6e76 en, set that env\n+00037970: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00037980: 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 e to the line of\n+00037990: 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 input that. \n+000379a0: 2077 6173 2072 6561 642c 2077 6974 6820 was read, with \n+000379b0: 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 206e no terminating n\n+000379c0: 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 ewline. If the \n+000379d0: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 e280 982d 73e2 parameter ...-s.\n+000379e0: 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 642c .. is. used,\n+000379f0: 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6c65 6e74 206d enable silent m\n+00037a00: 6f64 6520 7768 6572 6520 696e 7075 7420 ode where input \n+00037a10: 6973 206e 6f74 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2074 is not printed t\n+00037a20: 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 o the. termi\n+00037a30: 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 nal.....File: gr\n+00037a40: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00037a50: 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 reboot, Next: r\n+00037a60: 6567 6578 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 egexp, Prev: re\n+00037a70: 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ad, Up: Command\n+00037a80: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00037a90: 3137 2e34 2e36 3120 7265 626f 6f74 0a2d 17.4.61 reboot.-\n+00037aa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00037ab0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 626f -- Command: rebo\n+00037ac0: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2074 ot. Reboot t\n+00037ad0: 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a he computer.....\n+00037ae0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00037af0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 Node: regexp, \n+00037b00: 204e 6578 743a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 2050 Next: rmmod, P\n+00037b10: 7265 763a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 rev: reboot, Up\n+00037b20: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00037b30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3632 ommands..17.4.62\n+00037b40: 2072 6567 6578 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d regexp.--------\n+00037b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00037b60: 616e 643a 2072 6567 6578 7020 5b2d 2d73 and: regexp [--s\n+00037b70: 6574 205b 6e75 6d62 6572 3a5d 7661 725d et [number:]var]\n+00037b80: 2072 6567 6578 7020 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 regexp string. \n+00037b90: 2020 2020 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 Test if regu\n+00037ba0: 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2052 lar expression R\n+00037bb0: 4547 4558 5020 6d61 7463 6865 7320 5354 EGEXP matches ST\n+00037bc0: 5249 4e47 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 RING. Supported\n+00037bd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 . regular ex\n+00037be0: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 504f pressions are PO\n+00037bf0: 5349 582e 3220 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2052 SIX.2 Extended R\n+00037c00: 6567 756c 6172 2045 7870 7265 7373 696f egular Expressio\n+00037c10: 6e73 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 206f 7074 ns. If. opt\n+00037c20: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 ion ...--set... \n+00037c30: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7374 6f72 6520 is given, store \n+00037c40: 4e55 4d42 4552 7468 206d 6174 6368 6564 NUMBERth matched\n+00037c50: 2073 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2069 subexpression i\n+00037c60: 6e0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 n. variable \n+00037c70: 5641 522e 2020 5375 6265 7870 7265 7373 VAR. Subexpress\n+00037c80: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206e 756d 6265 7265 ions are numbere\n+00037c90: 6420 696e 206f 7264 6572 206f 6620 7468 d in order of th\n+00037ca0: 6569 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 eir. opening\n+00037cb0: 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 2073 7461 parentheses sta\n+00037cc0: 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 31e2 rting from ...1.\n+00037cd0: 8099 2e20 204e 554d 4245 5220 6465 6661 ... NUMBER defa\n+00037ce0: 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 9831 e280 992e ults to ...1....\n+00037cf0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00037d00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f nfo, Node: rmmo\n+00037d10: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 d, Next: save_e\n+00037d20: 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6567 6578 nv, Prev: regex\n+00037d30: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d p, Up: Command-\n+00037d40: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00037d50: 372e 342e 3633 2072 6d6d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.63 rmmod.---\n+00037d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00037d70: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6d6d 6f64 206d Command: rmmod m\n+00037d80: 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 odule. Remov\n+00037d90: 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 6564 204d 4f44 554c e a loaded MODUL\n+00037da0: 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 E.....File: grub\n+00037db0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 .info, Node: sa\n+00037dc0: 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 ve_env, Next: s\n+00037dd0: 6561 7263 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 726d earch, Prev: rm\n+00037de0: 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e mod, Up: Comman\n+00037df0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00037e00: 0a31 372e 342e 3634 2073 6176 655f 656e .17.4.64 save_en\n+00037e10: 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d v.--------------\n+00037e20: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00037e30: 2073 6176 655f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c save_env [--fil\n+00037e40: 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 7661 7220 2e2e 2e0a e file] var ....\n+00037e50: 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 7468 6520 6e61 Save the na\n+00037e60: 6d65 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 med variables fr\n+00037e70: 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 om the environme\n+00037e80: 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f nt to the enviro\n+00037e90: 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b nment. block\n+00037ea0: 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e file. *Note En\n+00037eb0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a vironment block:\n+00037ec0: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 :... The ...\n+00037ed0: 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e --file... option\n+00037ee0: 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 overrides the d\n+00037ef0: 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 efault location \n+00037f00: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 of the. envi\n+00037f10: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a ronment block...\n+00037f20: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e This comman\n+00037f30: 6420 7769 6c6c 206f 7065 7261 7465 2073 d will operate s\n+00037f40: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6576 656e uccessfully even\n+00037f50: 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e when environmen\n+00037f60: 740a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 t. variable \n+00037f70: e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 ...check_signatu\n+00037f80: 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f res... is set to\n+00037f90: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 ...enforce... (\n+00037fa0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6865 636b *note. check\n+00037fb0: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 _signatures::), \n+00037fc0: 7369 6e63 6520 6974 2077 7269 7465 7320 since it writes \n+00037fd0: 746f 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 646f 6573 to disk and does\n+00037fe0: 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 0a20 not alter the. \n+00037ff0: 2020 2020 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 behavior of \n+00038000: 4752 5542 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 616e GRUB based on an\n+00038010: 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6469 y contents of di\n+00038020: 736b 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 6565 sk that have bee\n+00038030: 6e20 7265 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 n read.. It \n+00038040: 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 206d is possible to m\n+00038050: 6f64 6966 7920 6120 6469 6769 7461 6c6c odify a digitall\n+00038060: 7920 7369 676e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e y signed environ\n+00038070: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 650a ment block file.\n+00038080: 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e from within\n+00038090: 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 GRUB using this\n+000380a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 2074 command, such t\n+000380b0: 6861 7420 6974 7320 7369 676e 6174 7572 hat its signatur\n+000380c0: 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 206c e will. no l\n+000380d0: 6f6e 6765 7220 6265 2076 616c 6964 206f onger be valid o\n+000380e0: 6e20 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 2062 6f6f n subsequent boo\n+000380f0: 7473 2e20 2043 6172 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 ts. Care should\n+00038100: 2062 6520 7461 6b65 6e20 696e 0a20 2020 be taken in. \n+00038110: 2020 7375 6368 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 such advanced \n+00038120: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 configurations t\n+00038130: 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7265 6e64 6572 696e o avoid renderin\n+00038140: 6720 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 g the system. \n+00038150: 2020 756e 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2e20 202a unbootable. *\n+00038160: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Note Using digit\n+00038170: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c al signatures::,\n+00038180: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 for more. i\n+00038190: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n+000381a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000381b0: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 Node: search, \n+000381c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 Next: sendkey, \n+000381d0: 5072 6576 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 Prev: save_env, \n+000381e0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000381f0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00038200: 2e36 3520 7365 6172 6368 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .65 search.-----\n+00038210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00038220: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 6172 6368 205b ommand: search [\n+00038230: 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d --file|--label|-\n+00038240: 2d66 732d 7575 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6574 -fs-uuid] [--set\n+00038250: 205b 7661 725d 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 [var]]. \n+00038260: 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 7c2d [--no-floppy|-\n+00038270: 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 795d 206e -efidisk-only] n\n+00038280: 616d 650a 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 ame. Search \n+00038290: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c 6520 devices by file \n+000382a0: 28e2 8098 2d66 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d (...-f..., ...--\n+000382b0: 6669 6c65 e280 9929 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 file...), filesy\n+000382c0: 7374 656d 206c 6162 656c 2028 e280 982d stem label (...-\n+000382d0: 6ce2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d l...,. ...--\n+000382e0: 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 292c 206f 7220 6669 label...), or fi\n+000382f0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 5549 4420 28e2 lesystem UUID (.\n+00038300: 8098 2d75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6673 ..-u..., ...--fs\n+00038310: 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 -uuid...)... \n+00038320: 2049 6620 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d73 e280 If the (...-s..\n+00038330: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2920 ., ...--set...) \n+00038340: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 option is used, \n+00038350: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6465 7669 6365 the first device\n+00038360: 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 found is. s\n+00038370: 6574 2061 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 et as the value \n+00038380: 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 of environment v\n+00038390: 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5468 ariable VAR. Th\n+000383a0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 7269 6162 e default variab\n+000383b0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 20e2 8098 726f le. is ...ro\n+000383c0: 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ot...... The\n+000383d0: 2028 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 982d (...-n..., ...-\n+000383e0: 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 e280 9929 206f -no-floppy...) o\n+000383f0: 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 656e 7473 2073 ption prevents s\n+00038400: 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 earching floppy \n+00038410: 6465 7669 6365 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7768 devices,. wh\n+00038420: 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6c6f 772e ich can be slow.\n+00038430: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d .. The (...-\n+00038440: 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 79e2 8099 -efidisk-only...\n+00038450: 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 6e74 ) option prevent\n+00038460: 7320 7365 6172 6368 696e 6720 616e 7920 s searching any \n+00038470: 6f74 6865 7220 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 other devices. \n+00038480: 2020 2074 6865 6e20 4546 4920 6469 736b then EFI disk\n+00038490: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7479 7069 s. This is typi\n+000384a0: 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 2077 6865 6e20 cally used when \n+000384b0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 chainloading to \n+000384c0: 6c6f 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2045 4649 2070 local. EFI p\n+000384d0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 artition... \n+000384e0: 5468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e 6669 The ...search.fi\n+000384f0: 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 le..., ...search\n+00038500: 2e66 735f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e .fs_label..., an\n+00038510: 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 d ...search.fs_u\n+00038520: 7569 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a uid... commands.\n+00038530: 2020 2020 2061 7265 2061 6c69 6173 6573 are aliases\n+00038540: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d for ...search -\n+00038550: 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 -file..., ...sea\n+00038560: 7263 6820 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 rch --label..., \n+00038570: 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 680a 2020 and ...search. \n+00038580: 2020 202d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 e280 9920 --fs-uuid... \n+00038590: 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 respectively... \n+000385a0: 2020 2020 416c 736f 2068 696e 7473 2061 Also hints a\n+000385b0: 7320 746f 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 6963 s to which devic\n+000385c0: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2074 6865 206d 6f73 e may be the mos\n+000385d0: 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 t likely to cont\n+000385e0: 6169 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2069 7465 ain the. ite\n+000385f0: 6d20 7365 6172 6368 6564 2066 6f72 206d m searched for m\n+00038600: 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 ay be given via \n+00038610: 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d68 e280 992c 20e2 the (...-h..., .\n+00038620: 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 e280 9929 206f 7074 ..--hint...) opt\n+00038630: 696f 6e20 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6120 ion with. a \n+00038640: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6173 2061 device name as a\n+00038650: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 n argument. If \n+00038660: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2065 6e64 the argument end\n+00038670: 7320 7769 7468 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 2c0a s with a comma,.\n+00038680: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7061 7274 6974 then partit\n+00038690: 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7669 ions on the devi\n+000386a0: 6365 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 6172 ce are also sear\n+000386b0: 6368 6564 2e20 2046 7572 7468 6572 6d6f ched. Furthermo\n+000386c0: 7265 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 re,. platfor\n+000386d0: 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6963 2068 696e 7473 m specific hints\n+000386e0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7669 may be given vi\n+000386f0: 6120 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 a the options. \n+00038700: 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d69 6565 ...--hint-iee\n+00038710: 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 e1275..., ...--h\n+00038720: 696e 742d 6269 6f73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 int-bios..., ...\n+00038730: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 6172 656d 6574 616c --hint-baremetal\n+00038740: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d65 ..., ...--hint-e\n+00038750: 6669 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 fi...,. and \n+00038760: e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6172 63e2 8099 ...--hint-arc...\n+00038770: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7370 6563 6966 6965 . When specifie\n+00038780: 642c 2074 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 d, these options\n+00038790: 2074 616b 6520 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e take an argumen\n+000387a0: 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f 7065 7261 t. and opera\n+000387b0: 7465 206c 696b 6520 e280 982d 2d68 696e te like ...--hin\n+000387c0: 74e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f t..., but only o\n+000387d0: 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 n the specified \n+000387e0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c platform.....Fil\n+000387f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00038800: 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 204e ode: sendkey, N\n+00038810: 6578 743a 2073 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a ext: set, Prev:\n+00038820: 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5570 3a20 436f search, Up: Co\n+00038830: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00038840: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3636 2073 656e nds..17.4.66 sen\n+00038850: 646b 6579 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dkey.-----------\n+00038860: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00038870: 643a 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 d: sendkey. \n+00038880: 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6e75 6d7c 2d2d 6361 [--num|--ca\n+00038890: 7073 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d 696e ps|--scroll|--in\n+000388a0: 7365 7274 7c2d 2d70 6175 7365 7c2d 2d6c sert|--pause|--l\n+000388b0: 6566 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 eft-shift|--righ\n+000388c0: 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7379 7372 717c t-shift|--sysrq|\n+000388d0: 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 7c2d 2d63 6170 736b --numkey|--capsk\n+000388e0: 6579 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 7c2d ey|--scrollkey|-\n+000388f0: 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 7c2d 2d6c 6566 -insertkey|--lef\n+00038900: 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 616c t-alt|--right-al\n+00038910: 747c 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d63 7472 6c7c 2d2d t|--left-ctrl|--\n+00038920: 7269 6768 742d 6374 726c 0a20 2020 2020 right-ctrl. \n+00038930: 2020 2020 206f 6e7c 6f66 665d 2e2e 2e20 on|off]... \n+00038940: 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 645d 206b 6579 7374 726f [no-led] keystro\n+00038950: 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 206b ke. Insert k\n+00038960: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 696e 746f 2074 eystrokes into t\n+00038970: 6865 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 he keyboard buff\n+00038980: 6572 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 672e er when booting.\n+00038990: 2020 536f 6d65 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 Sometimes. \n+000389a0: 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 an operating sy\n+000389b0: 7374 656d 206f 7220 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 stem or chainloa\n+000389c0: 6465 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 ded boot loader \n+000389d0: 7265 7175 6972 6573 2070 6172 7469 6375 requires particu\n+000389e0: 6c61 720a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 746f lar. keys to\n+000389f0: 2062 6520 7072 6573 7365 643a 2066 6f72 be pressed: for\n+00038a00: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d69 example, one mi\n+00038a10: 6768 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6573 ght need to pres\n+00038a20: 7320 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 s a. particu\n+00038a30: 6c61 7220 6b65 7920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 lar key to enter\n+00038a40: 2022 7361 6665 206d 6f64 6522 2c20 6f72 \"safe mode\", or\n+00038a50: 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 when chainloadi\n+00038a60: 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 ng another. \n+00038a70: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 6520 boot loader one \n+00038a80: 6d69 6768 7420 7365 6e64 206b 6579 7374 might send keyst\n+00038a90: 726f 6b65 7320 746f 2069 7420 746f 206e rokes to it to n\n+00038aa0: 6176 6967 6174 6520 6974 7320 6d65 6e75 avigate its menu\n+00038ab0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 ... Note: Th\n+00038ac0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6375 is command is cu\n+00038ad0: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 rrently only ava\n+00038ae0: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 ilable on the i3\n+00038af0: 3836 2d70 630a 2020 2020 2074 6172 6765 86-pc. targe\n+00038b00: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 6f75 206d 6179 t... You may\n+00038b10: 2070 726f 7669 6465 2075 7020 746f 2031 provide up to 1\n+00038b20: 3620 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2028 7468 6 keystrokes (th\n+00038b30: 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 e length of the \n+00038b40: 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7962 6f61 BIOS. keyboa\n+00038b50: 7264 2062 7566 6665 7229 2e20 204b 6579 rd buffer). Key\n+00038b60: 7374 726f 6b65 206e 616d 6573 206d 6179 stroke names may\n+00038b70: 2062 6520 7570 7065 722d 6361 7365 206f be upper-case o\n+00038b80: 7220 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 0a20 2020 r lower-case. \n+00038b90: 2020 6c65 7474 6572 732c 2064 6967 6974 letters, digit\n+00038ba0: 732c 206f 7220 7461 6b65 6e20 6672 6f6d s, or taken from\n+00038bb0: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 the following t\n+00038bc0: 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d65 able:.. 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F10 \n+000393f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4638 0a20 F8. \n+00039400: 2020 2020 4639 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F9 \n+00039410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039420: 2020 4639 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3020 2020 F9. F10 \n 00039430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039440: 2020 2020 4631 300a 2020 2020 2046 3131 F10. F11\n-00039450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 3131 0a20 F11. \n-00039470: 2020 2020 4631 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 F12 \n+00039440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 300a 2020 2020 F10. \n+00039450: 2046 3131 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F11 \n+00039460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n+00039470: 3131 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3220 2020 2020 11. F12 \n 00039480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039490: 2020 4631 320a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3120 F12. num1 \n-000394a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 2028 6e75 6d65 1 (nume\n-000394c0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-000394d0: 206e 756d 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num2 \n-000394e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 2\n-000394f0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039500: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3320 2020 2020 ). num3 \n+00039490: 2020 2020 2020 4631 320a 2020 2020 206e F12. n\n+000394a0: 756d 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um1 \n+000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 2028 1 (\n+000394c0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+000394d0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3220 2020 2020 2020 num2 \n+000394e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000394f0: 2020 2032 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 2 (numeric ke\n+00039500: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3320 ypad). num3 \n 00039510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039520: 2020 2020 2033 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 3 (numeric \n-00039530: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00039540: 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4 \n-00039550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 2028 6e75 4 (nu\n-00039560: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00039570: 2020 206e 756d 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 num5 \n+00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 2028 6e75 6d65 3 (nume\n+00039530: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+00039540: 206e 756d 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num4 \n+00039550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 4\n+00039560: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039570: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3520 2020 2020 ). num5 \n 00039580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039590: 2035 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 5 (numeric keyp\n-000395a0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3620 2020 ad). num6 \n-000395b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395c0: 2020 2020 2020 2036 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6 (numeri\n-000395d0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-000395e0: 756d 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um7 \n-000395f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2037 2028 7 (\n-00039600: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039610: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3820 2020 2020 2020 num8 \n+00039590: 2020 2020 2035 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 5 (numeric \n+000395a0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+000395b0: 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6 \n+000395c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2036 2028 6e75 6 (nu\n+000395d0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+000395e0: 2020 206e 756d 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 num7 \n+000395f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039600: 2037 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 7 (numeric keyp\n+00039610: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3820 2020 ad). num8 \n 00039620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039630: 2020 2038 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 8 (numeric ke\n-00039640: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3920 ypad). num9 \n-00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2039 2028 6e75 6d65 9 (nume\n-00039670: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039680: 206e 756d 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num0 \n-00039690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 0\n-000396a0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-000396b0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7065 7269 6f64 ). numperiod\n-000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000396d0: 2020 2020 202e 2020 286e 756d 6572 6963 . (numeric\n-000396e0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-000396f0: 6d65 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mend \n-00039700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 6420 End \n-00039710: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00039720: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 6f77 6e20 2020 . numdown \n-00039730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039740: 2020 2020 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Down (numeri\n-00039750: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00039760: 756d 7067 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 umpgdown \n-00039770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 Pag\n-00039780: 6520 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 e Down (numeric \n-00039790: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-000397a0: 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 left \n-000397b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 7420 Left \n-000397c0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-000397d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d63 656e 7465 7220 . numcenter \n-000397e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397f0: 2020 2020 3520 7769 7468 204e 756d 204c 5 with Num L\n-00039800: 6f63 6b20 696e 6163 7469 7665 2028 6e75 ock inactive (nu\n-00039810: 6d65 7269 630a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 meric. \n+00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2038 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 8 (numeri\n+00039640: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039650: 756d 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um9 \n+00039660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2039 2028 9 (\n+00039670: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00039680: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3020 2020 2020 2020 num0 \n+00039690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000396a0: 2020 2030 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 0 (numeric ke\n+000396b0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7065 ypad). numpe\n+000396c0: 7269 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 riod \n+000396d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2020 286e 756d . (num\n+000396e0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+000396f0: 2020 6e75 6d65 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 numend \n+00039700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039710: 456e 6420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 End (numeric key\n+00039720: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 6f77 pad). numdow\n+00039730: 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n \n+00039740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 776e 2028 6e75 Down (nu\n+00039750: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039760: 2020 206e 756d 7067 646f 776e 2020 2020 numpgdown \n+00039770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039780: 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 Page Down (nume\n+00039790: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+000397a0: 206e 756d 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 numleft \n+000397b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+000397c0: 6566 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 eft (numeric key\n+000397d0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d63 656e pad). numcen\n+000397e0: 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ter \n+000397f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3520 7769 7468 204e 5 with N\n+00039800: 756d 204c 6f63 6b20 696e 6163 7469 7665 um Lock inactive\n+00039810: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 630a 2020 2020 2020 (numeric. \n 00039820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6579 7061 6429 keypad)\n-00039840: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d72 6967 6874 2020 . numright \n-00039850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039860: 2020 2020 5269 6768 7420 286e 756d 6572 Right (numer\n-00039870: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00039880: 6e75 6d68 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 numhome \n-00039890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f Ho\n-000398a0: 6d65 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 me (numeric keyp\n-000398b0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7570 2020 ad). numup \n-000398c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000398d0: 2020 2020 2020 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 Up (numer\n-000398e0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-000398f0: 6e75 6d70 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 numpgup \n-00039900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 Pa\n-00039910: 6765 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b ge Up (numeric k\n-00039920: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d69 eypad). numi\n-00039930: 6e73 6572 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nsert \n-00039940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 Insert\n-00039950: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039960: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6465 6c65 7465 ). numdelete\n-00039970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039980: 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 286e 756d Delete (num\n-00039990: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-000399a0: 2020 6e75 6d61 7374 6572 6973 6b20 2020 numasterisk \n-000399b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000399c0: 2a20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 * (numeric keypa\n-000399d0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d6d 696e 7573 d). numminus\n-000399e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000399f0: 2020 2020 2020 2d20 286e 756d 6572 6963 - (numeric\n-00039a00: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-00039a10: 6d70 6c75 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mplus \n-00039a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2b20 286e + (n\n-00039a30: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039a40: 2020 2020 6e75 6d73 6c61 7368 2020 2020 numslash \n+00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6579 key\n+00039840: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d72 6967 pad). numrig\n+00039850: 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ht \n+00039860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5269 6768 7420 286e Right (n\n+00039870: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00039880: 2020 2020 6e75 6d68 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 numhome \n+00039890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000398a0: 2020 486f 6d65 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 Home (numeric \n+000398b0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+000398c0: 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n+000398d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7020 286e Up (n\n+000398e0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+000398f0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6775 7020 2020 2020 numpgup \n+00039900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039910: 2020 5061 6765 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 Page Up (numer\n+00039920: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+00039930: 6e75 6d69 6e73 6572 7420 2020 2020 2020 numinsert \n+00039940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e In\n+00039950: 7365 7274 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 sert (numeric ke\n+00039960: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6465 ypad). numde\n+00039970: 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lete \n+00039980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 Delete \n+00039990: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+000399a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d61 7374 6572 6973 . numasteris\n+000399b0: 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 k \n+000399c0: 2020 2020 2a20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b * (numeric k\n+000399d0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d6d eypad). numm\n+000399e0: 696e 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 inus \n+000399f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d20 286e 756d - (num\n+00039a00: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00039a10: 2020 6e75 6d70 6c75 7320 2020 2020 2020 numplus \n+00039a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039a30: 2b20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 + (numeric keypa\n+00039a40: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d73 6c61 7368 d). numslash\n 00039a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a60: 2020 2f20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 / (numeric key\n-00039a70: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e74 pad). nument\n-00039a80: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00039a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 286e Enter (n\n-00039aa0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039ab0: 2020 2020 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 delete \n+00039a60: 2020 2020 2020 2f20 286e 756d 6572 6963 / (numeric\n+00039a70: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039a80: 6d65 6e74 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 menter \n+00039a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 7465 Ente\n+00039aa0: 7220 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 r (numeric keypa\n+00039ab0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6c65 7465 2020 d). delete \n 00039ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ad0: 2020 4465 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e Delete. in\n-00039ae0: 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sert \n-00039af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 Inse\n-00039b00: 7274 0a20 2020 2020 686f 6d65 2020 2020 rt. home \n+00039ad0: 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 Delete. \n+00039ae0: 2020 696e 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 2020 insert \n+00039af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039b00: 496e 7365 7274 0a20 2020 2020 686f 6d65 Insert. home\n 00039b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 Home. \n-00039b30: 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 end \n-00039b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e En\n-00039b50: 640a 2020 2020 2070 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 d. pgdown \n-00039b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b70: 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e 0a20 Page Down. \n-00039b80: 2020 2020 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgup \n+00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 0a20 Home. \n+00039b30: 2020 2020 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 end \n+00039b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039b50: 2020 456e 640a 2020 2020 2070 6764 6f77 End. pgdow\n+00039b60: 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n \n+00039b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f Page Do\n+00039b80: 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7067 7570 2020 2020 wn. pgup \n 00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ba0: 2020 5061 6765 2055 700a 2020 2020 2064 Page Up. d\n-00039bb0: 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 own \n-00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 Dow\n-00039bd0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 7020 2020 2020 2020 n. up \n+00039ba0: 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 700a 2020 Page Up. \n+00039bb0: 2020 2064 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 down \n+00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039bd0: 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 7020 2020 Down. up \n 00039be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039bf0: 2020 2020 2055 700a 2020 2020 206c 6566 Up. lef\n-00039c00: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n-00039c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 740a Left.\n-00039c20: 2020 2020 2072 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 right \n+00039bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 700a 2020 2020 Up. \n+00039c00: 206c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 left \n+00039c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+00039c20: 6566 740a 2020 2020 2072 6967 6874 2020 eft. right \n 00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c40: 2020 2052 6967 6874 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 Right.. A\n-00039c50: 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6b65 7973 7472 s well as keystr\n-00039c60: 6f6b 6573 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e okes, the ...sen\n-00039c70: 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 dkey... command \n-00039c80: 7461 6b65 7320 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 takes various op\n-00039c90: 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 tions. that \n-00039ca0: 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 affect the BIOS \n-00039cb0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7461 7475 7320 keyboard status \n-00039cc0: 666c 6167 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6f70 flags. These op\n-00039cd0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7461 6b65 2061 6e0a 2020 tions take an. \n-00039ce0: 2020 20e2 8098 6f6e e280 9920 6f72 20e2 ...on... or .\n-00039cf0: 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2070 6172 616d 6574 ..off... paramet\n-00039d00: 6572 2c20 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 er, specifying t\n-00039d10: 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f hat the correspo\n-00039d20: 6e64 696e 6720 7374 6174 7573 0a20 2020 nding status. \n-00039d30: 2020 666c 6167 2062 6520 7365 7420 6f72 flag be set or\n-00039d40: 2075 6e73 6574 3b20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 unset; omitting\n-00039d50: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 666f 7220 the option for \n-00039d60: 6120 6769 7665 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2066 a given status f\n-00039d70: 6c61 670a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6c65 lag. will le\n-00039d80: 6176 6520 7468 6174 2066 6c61 6720 6174 ave that flag at\n-00039d90: 2069 7473 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2073 7461 its initial sta\n-00039da0: 7465 2061 7420 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 6865 te at boot. The\n-00039db0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 6de2 8099 2c0a 2020 ...--num...,. \n-00039dc0: 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 e280 992c ...--caps...,\n-00039dd0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c e280 992c ...--scroll...,\n-00039de0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 and ...--insert\n-00039df0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c ... options emul\n-00039e00: 6174 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a ate setting the.\n-00039e10: 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 correspondi\n-00039e20: 6e67 206d 6f64 652c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 ng mode, while t\n-00039e30: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 e280 he ...--numkey..\n-00039e40: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 79e2 ., ...--capskey.\n-00039e50: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 ..,. ...--sc\n-00039e60: 726f 6c6c 6b65 79e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 rollkey..., and \n-00039e70: e280 982d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 e280 ...--insertkey..\n-00039e80: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 . options emulat\n-00039e90: 6520 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 6e64 0a20 e pressing and. \n-00039ea0: 2020 2020 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 holding the \n-00039eb0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 6b65 corresponding ke\n-00039ec0: 792e 2020 5468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7374 y. The other st\n-00039ed0: 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e atus flag option\n-00039ee0: 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 656c 662d s are. self-\n-00039ef0: 6578 706c 616e 6174 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 explanatory... \n-00039f00: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e If the ...--n\n-00039f10: 6f2d 6c65 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 o-led... option \n-00039f20: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 6520 7374 is given, the st\n-00039f30: 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e atus flag option\n-00039f40: 7320 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 s will. have\n-00039f50: 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 206f 6e20 6b65 no effect on ke\n-00039f60: 7962 6f61 7264 204c 4544 732e 0a0a 2020 yboard LEDs... \n-00039f70: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e If the ...sen\n-00039f80: 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 dkey... command \n-00039f90: 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 756c 7469 706c is given multipl\n-00039fa0: 6520 7469 6d65 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6f6e e times, then on\n-00039fb0: 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7374 ly the. last\n-00039fc0: 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6861 7320 invocation has \n-00039fd0: 616e 7920 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 any effect... \n-00039fe0: 2020 5369 6e63 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b Since ...sendk\n-00039ff0: 6579 e280 9920 6d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 ey... manipulate\n-0003a000: 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f s the BIOS keybo\n-0003a010: 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2c20 6974 206d ard buffer, it m\n-0003a020: 6179 2063 6175 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6861 ay cause. ha\n-0003a030: 6e67 732c 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c20 6f72 ngs, reboots, or\n-0003a040: 206f 7468 6572 206d 6973 6265 6861 7669 other misbehavi\n-0003a050: 6f75 7220 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 our on some syst\n-0003a060: 656d 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ems. If the. \n-0003a070: 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 operating syst\n-0003a080: 656d 206f 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 em or boot loade\n-0003a090: 7220 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 6166 7465 r that runs afte\n-0003a0a0: 7220 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6974 7320 r GRUB uses its \n-0003a0b0: 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 own. keyboar\n-0003a0c0: 6420 6472 6976 6572 2072 6174 6865 7220 d driver rather \n-0003a0d0: 7468 616e 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 than the BIOS ke\n-0003a0e0: 7962 6f61 7264 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 yboard functions\n-0003a0f0: 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 , then. ...s\n-0003a100: 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2068 endkey... will h\n-0003a110: 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a ave no effect...\n-0003a120: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e This comman\n-0003a130: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 d is only availa\n-0003a140: 626c 6520 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 ble on PC BIOS s\n-0003a150: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ystems.....File:\n-0003a160: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003a170: 653a 2073 6574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 e: set, Next: s\n-0003a180: 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 ha1sum, Prev: s\n-0003a190: 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d endkey, Up: Com\n-0003a1a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0003a1b0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3720 7365 740a ds..17.4.67 set.\n-0003a1c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003a1d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 Command: set [e\n-0003a1e0: 6e76 7661 723d 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 nvvar=value]. \n-0003a1f0: 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f Set the enviro\n-0003a200: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 nment variable E\n-0003a210: 4e56 5641 5220 746f 2056 414c 5545 2e20 NVVAR to VALUE. \n-0003a220: 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 If invoked with\n-0003a230: 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e no. argumen\n-0003a240: 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 656e ts, print all en\n-0003a250: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0003a260: 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 2076 les with their v\n-0003a270: 616c 7565 732e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 alues. For. \n-0003a280: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2065 6e76 the list of env\n-0003a290: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0003a2a0: 6573 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 es currently use\n-0003a2b0: 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 d by GRUB itself\n-0003a2c0: 2073 6565 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7265 see. the re\n-0003a2d0: 6c65 7661 6e74 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 202a levant section *\n-0003a2e0: 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 note Environment\n-0003a2f0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-0003a300: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-0003a310: 6861 3173 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 ha1sum, Next: s\n-0003a320: 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a ha256sum, Prev:\n-0003a330: 2073 6574 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 set, Up: Comma\n-0003a340: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0003a350: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3820 7368 6131 7375 ..17.4.68 sha1su\n-0003a360: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n-0003a370: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003a380: 7368 6131 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a sha1sum arg ....\n-0003a390: 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 Alias for .\n-0003a3a0: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 ..hashsum --hash\n-0003a3b0: 2073 6861 3120 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 sha1 arg ......\n-0003a3c0: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 . See command .\n-0003a3d0: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ..hashsum.... \n-0003a3e0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d (*note hashsum\n-0003a3f0: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 ::) for full des\n-0003a400: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cription.....Fil\n-0003a410: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003a420: 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 ode: sha256sum, \n-0003a430: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d Next: sha512sum\n-0003a440: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3173 756d , Prev: sha1sum\n-0003a450: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0003a460: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0003a470: 2e34 2e36 3920 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d0a .4.69 sha256sum.\n-0003a480: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003a490: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003a4a0: 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e sha256sum arg ..\n-0003a4b0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 .. Alias for\n-0003a4c0: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 ...hashsum --ha\n-0003a4d0: 7368 2073 6861 3235 3620 6172 6720 2e2e sh sha256 arg ..\n-0003a4e0: 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..... See comma\n-0003a4f0: 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 nd ...hashsum...\n-0003a500: 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 . (*note has\n-0003a510: 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c hsum::) for full\n-0003a520: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f description....\n-0003a530: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003a540: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3531 3273 , Node: sha512s\n-0003a550: 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6c65 6570 um, Next: sleep\n-0003a560: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3235 3673 , Prev: sha256s\n-0003a570: 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 um, Up: Command\n-0003a580: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0003a590: 3137 2e34 2e37 3020 7368 6135 3132 7375 17.4.70 sha512su\n-0003a5a0: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n-0003a5b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003a5c0: 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d20 6172 6720 : sha512sum arg \n-0003a5d0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 .... Alias f\n-0003a5e0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d or ...hashsum --\n-0003a5f0: 6861 7368 2073 6861 3531 3220 6172 6720 hash sha512 arg \n-0003a600: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d ....... See com\n-0003a610: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 mand ...hashsum.\n-0003a620: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 ... (*note h\n-0003a630: 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 ashsum::) for fu\n-0003a640: 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a ll description..\n-0003a650: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003a660: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 fo, Node: sleep\n-0003a670: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6d62 696f 732c , Next: smbios,\n-0003a680: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 Prev: sha512su\n-0003a690: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d m, Up: Command-\n-0003a6a0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0003a6b0: 372e 342e 3731 2073 6c65 6570 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.71 sleep.---\n-0003a6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003a6d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6c65 6570 205b Command: sleep [\n-0003a6e0: 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 655d 205b 2d2d 696e --verbose] [--in\n-0003a6f0: 7465 7272 7570 7469 626c 655d 2063 6f75 terruptible] cou\n-0003a700: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 536c 6565 7020 666f nt. Sleep fo\n-0003a710: 7220 434f 554e 5420 7365 636f 6e64 732e r COUNT seconds.\n-0003a720: 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d If option ...-\n-0003a730: 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 e280 -interruptible..\n-0003a740: 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 . is given,. \n-0003a750: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 allow pressing \n-0003a760: 3c45 5343 3e2c 203c 4634 3e20 6f72 2068 , or h\n-0003a770: 6f6c 6469 6e67 2064 6f77 6e20 3c53 4849 olding down to interrupt\n-0003a790: 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 5769 . sleep. Wi\n-0003a7a0: 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 th ...--verbose.\n-0003a7b0: 8099 2073 686f 7720 636f 756e 7464 6f77 .. show countdow\n-0003a7c0: 6e20 6f66 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 n of remaining s\n-0003a7d0: 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 2045 7869 740a 2020 econds. Exit. \n-0003a7e0: 2020 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 code is set t\n-0003a7f0: 6f20 3020 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 o 0 if timeout e\n-0003a800: 7870 6972 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 3120 xpired and to 1 \n-0003a810: 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 2077 6173 0a20 if timeout was. \n-0003a820: 2020 2020 696e 7465 7272 7570 7465 6420 interrupted \n-0003a830: 7573 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 using any of the\n-0003a840: 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 206b 6579 732e mentioned keys.\n-0003a850: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003a860: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 nfo, Node: smbi\n-0003a870: 6f73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6f75 7263 os, Next: sourc\n-0003a880: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736c 6565 702c e, Prev: sleep,\n-0003a890: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0003a8a0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0003a8b0: 342e 3732 2073 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 4.72 smbios.----\n-0003a8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003a8d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6d62 696f 7320 Command: smbios \n-0003a8e0: 5b2d 2d74 7970 6520 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d [--type TYPE] [-\n-0003a8f0: 2d68 616e 646c 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 -handle HANDLE] \n-0003a900: 5b2d 2d6d 6174 6368 204d 4154 4348 5d0a [--match MATCH].\n-0003a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282d 2d67 6574 (--get\n-0003a920: 2d62 7974 6520 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 776f -byte | --get-wo\n-0003a930: 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 rd | --get-dword\n-0003a940: 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 207c | --get-qword |\n-0003a950: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d67 6574 . --get\n-0003a960: 2d73 7472 696e 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d -string | --get-\n-0003a970: 7575 6964 2920 4f46 4653 4554 205b 2d2d uuid) OFFSET [--\n-0003a980: 7365 7420 5641 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 set VARIABLE]. \n-0003a990: 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 Retrieve SMBI\n-0003a9a0: 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a OS information..\n-0003a9b0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6d62 . The ...smb\n-0003a9c0: 696f 73e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 ios... command r\n-0003a9d0: 6574 7572 6e73 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 eturns the value\n-0003a9e0: 206f 6620 6120 6669 656c 6420 696e 2061 of a field in a\n-0003a9f0: 6e20 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 n SMBIOS. st\n-0003aa00: 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f ructure. The fo\n-0003aa10: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 llowing options \n-0003aa20: 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 determine which \n-0003aa30: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f 0a20 2020 structure to. \n-0003aa40: 2020 7365 6c65 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 select... \n-0003aa50: 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e ... Specifyin\n-0003aa60: 6720 e280 982d 2d74 7970 65e2 8099 2077 g ...--type... w\n-0003aa70: 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 ill select struc\n-0003aa80: 7475 7265 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 tures with a mat\n-0003aa90: 6368 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ching. \n-0003aaa0: 5459 5045 2e20 2054 6865 2074 7970 6520 TYPE. The type \n-0003aab0: 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 can be any integ\n-0003aac0: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2032 3535 er from 0 to 255\n-0003aad0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 .. ... Sp\n-0003aae0: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 ecifying ...--ha\n-0003aaf0: 6e64 6c65 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c ndle... will sel\n-0003ab00: 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 ect structures w\n-0003ab10: 6974 6820 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 ith a matching. \n-0003ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 414e 444c 452e HANDLE.\n-0003ab30: 2020 5468 6520 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 616e The handle can\n-0003ab40: 2062 6520 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 be any integer \n-0003ab50: 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 3635 3533 352e from 0 to 65535.\n-0003ab60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 . ... Spe\n-0003ab70: 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d6d 6174 cifying ...--mat\n-0003ab80: 6368 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 ch... will selec\n-0003ab90: 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 t structure numb\n-0003aba0: 6572 204d 4154 4348 2069 6e20 7468 650a er MATCH in the.\n-0003abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 filter\n-0003abc0: 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7472 7563 ed list of struc\n-0003abd0: 7475 7265 733b 2065 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 tures; e.g. ...\n-0003abe0: 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3420 smbios --type 4 \n-0003abf0: 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 --match 2.... \n-0003ac00: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 will sele\n-0003ac10: 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 5072 ct the second Pr\n-0003ac20: 6f63 6573 7320 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f ocess Informatio\n-0003ac30: 6e20 2854 7970 6520 3429 2073 7472 7563 n (Type 4) struc\n-0003ac40: 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ture.. \n-0003ac50: 5468 6520 6c69 7374 2069 7320 616c 7761 The list is alwa\n-0003ac60: 7973 206f 7264 6572 6564 2074 6865 2073 ys ordered the s\n-0003ac70: 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 2068 6172 6477 ame as the hardw\n-0003ac80: 6172 6527 7320 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 are's SMBIOS. \n-0003ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 table. T\n-0003aca0: 6865 206d 6174 6368 206e 756d 6265 7220 he match number \n-0003acb0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 706f 7369 7469 must be a positi\n-0003acc0: 7665 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e20 2049 660a ve integer. If.\n-0003acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7370 6563 unspec\n-0003ace0: 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ified, the first\n-0003acf0: 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 7374 7275 6374 matching struct\n-0003ad00: 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 ure will be sele\n-0003ad10: 6374 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 cted... The \n-0003ad20: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e remaining option\n-0003ad30: 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 s determine whic\n-0003ad40: 6820 6669 656c 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 h field in the s\n-0003ad50: 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 elected SMBIOS. \n-0003ad60: 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f structure to\n-0003ad70: 2072 6574 7572 6e2e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206f return. Only o\n-0003ad80: 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 ne of these opti\n-0003ad90: 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 ons may be speci\n-0003ada0: 6669 6564 2061 740a 2020 2020 2061 2074 fied at. a t\n-0003adb0: 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 ime... ..\n-0003adc0: a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 . When given ...\n-0003add0: 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 e280 992c 2072 --get-byte..., r\n-0003ade0: 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 eturn the value \n-0003adf0: 6f66 2074 6865 2062 7974 6520 6174 0a20 of the byte at. \n-0003ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204f 4646 5345 5420 OFFSET \n-0003ae10: 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 bytes into the s\n-0003ae20: 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 elected SMBIOS s\n-0003ae30: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 7420 7769 tructure. It wi\n-0003ae40: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll be. \n-0003ae50: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 formatted as an \n-0003ae60: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c unsigned decimal\n-0003ae70: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 integer.. \n-0003ae80: 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e ... When given\n-0003ae90: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 e280 ...--get-word..\n-0003aea0: 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 ., return the va\n-0003aeb0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 lue of the word \n-0003aec0: 2874 776f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 (two. b\n-0003aed0: 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 ytes) at OFFSET \n-0003aee0: 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 bytes into the s\n-0003aef0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 elected SMBIOS s\n-0003af00: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 tructure. It. \n-0003af10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 will be \n-0003af20: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 formatted as an \n-0003af30: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c unsigned decimal\n-0003af40: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 integer.. \n-0003af50: 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e ... When given\n-0003af60: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 6f72 64e2 ...--get-dword.\n-0003af70: 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 .., return the v\n-0003af80: 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 6477 6f72 alue of the dwor\n-0003af90: 6420 2866 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d (four. \n-0003afa0: 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 bytes) at OFFS\n-0003afb0: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n-0003afc0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n-0003afd0: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. It\n-0003afe0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n-0003aff0: 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 be formatted as \n-0003b000: 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 an unsigned deci\n-0003b010: 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 mal integer.. \n-0003b020: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 ... When gi\n-0003b030: 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f ven ...--get-qwo\n-0003b040: 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 rd..., return th\n-0003b050: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2071 e value of the q\n-0003b060: 776f 7264 2028 6569 6768 740a 2020 2020 word (eight. \n-0003b070: 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 bytes) at \n-0003b080: 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 OFFSET bytes int\n-0003b090: 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 o the selected S\n-0003b0a0: 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e MBIOS structure.\n-0003b0b0: 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 It. w\n-0003b0c0: 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 ill be formatted\n-0003b0d0: 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 as an unsigned \n-0003b0e0: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e decimal integer.\n-0003b0f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 . ... Whe\n-0003b100: 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 n given ...--get\n-0003b110: 2d73 7472 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 -string..., retu\n-0003b120: 726e 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6720 7769 rn the string wi\n-0003b130: 7468 2069 7473 2069 6e64 6578 0a20 2020 th its index. \n-0003b140: 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f75 6e64 2061 7420 found at \n-0003b150: 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 OFFSET bytes int\n-0003b160: 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 o the selected S\n-0003b170: 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e MBIOS structure.\n-0003b180: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 . ... Whe\n-0003b190: 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 n given ...--get\n-0003b1a0: 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e -uuid..., return\n-0003b1b0: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n-0003b1c0: 6520 5555 4944 2028 7369 7874 6565 6e0a e UUID (sixteen.\n-0003b1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 bytes)\n-0003b1e0: 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 at OFFSET bytes\n-0003b1f0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 into the select\n-0003b200: 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 ed SMBIOS struct\n-0003b210: 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ure. It. \n-0003b220: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 will be forma\n-0003b230: 7474 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 tted as lower-ca\n-0003b240: 7365 2068 7970 6865 6e61 7465 6420 6865 se hyphenated he\n-0003b250: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 xadecimal digits\n-0003b260: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 ,. with\n-0003b270: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6872 6565 the first three\n-0003b280: 2066 6965 6c64 7320 6173 206c 6974 746c fields as littl\n-0003b290: 652d 656e 6469 616e 2c20 616e 6420 7468 e-endian, and th\n-0003b2a0: 6520 7265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e rest. \n-0003b2b0: 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7974 652d 6279 printed byte-by\n-0003b2c0: 2d62 7974 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 -byte... The\n-0003b2d0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2061 6374 696f 6e20 default action \n-0003b2e0: 6973 2074 6f20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 is to print the \n-0003b2f0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6571 value of the req\n-0003b300: 7565 7374 6564 2066 6965 6c64 2074 6f0a uested field to.\n-0003b310: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 the console\n-0003b320: 2c20 6275 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 , but a variable\n-0003b330: 206e 616d 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 name can be spe\n-0003b340: 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d cified with ...-\n-0003b350: 2d73 6574 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 -set... to. \n-0003b360: 7374 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 store the value \n-0003b370: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2070 7269 6e74 instead of print\n-0003b380: 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f ing it... Fo\n-0003b390: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 6869 7320 r example, this \n-0003b3a0: 7769 6c6c 2073 746f 7265 2061 6e64 2074 will store and t\n-0003b3b0: 6865 6e20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 hen display the \n-0003b3c0: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 system. manu\n-0003b3d0: 6661 6374 7572 6572 2773 206e 616d 652e facturer's name.\n-0003b3e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736d 6269 .. smbi\n-0003b3f0: 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3120 2d2d 6765 os --type 1 --ge\n-0003b400: 742d 7374 7269 6e67 2034 202d 2d73 6574 t-string 4 --set\n-0003b410: 2073 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 system_manufact\n-0003b420: 7572 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 urer. e\n-0003b430: 6368 6f20 2473 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 cho $system_manu\n-0003b440: 6661 6374 7572 6572 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 facturer....File\n-0003b450: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003b460: 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2c20 204e 6578 de: source, Nex\n-0003b470: 743a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: test, Prev: \n-0003b480: 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d smbios, Up: Com\n-0003b490: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0003b4a0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3320 736f 7572 ds..17.4.73 sour\n-0003b4b0: 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ce.-------------\n-0003b4c0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003b4d0: 736f 7572 6365 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 source file. \n-0003b4e0: 2052 6561 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 Read FILE as a \n-0003b4f0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-0003b500: 6c65 2c20 6173 2069 6620 6974 7320 636f le, as if its co\n-0003b510: 6e74 656e 7473 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e0a ntents had been.\n-0003b520: 2020 2020 2069 6e63 6f72 706f 7261 7465 incorporate\n-0003b530: 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 d directly into \n-0003b540: 7468 6520 736f 7572 6369 6e67 2066 696c the sourcing fil\n-0003b550: 652e 2020 556e 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 636f e. Unlike ...co\n-0003b560: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 990a 2020 2020 nfigfile.... \n-0003b570: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 6669 (*note configfi\n-0003b580: 6c65 3a3a 292c 2074 6869 7320 6578 6563 le::), this exec\n-0003b590: 7574 6573 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 utes the content\n-0003b5a0: 7320 6f66 2046 494c 4520 7769 7468 6f75 s of FILE withou\n-0003b5b0: 740a 2020 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 t. changing \n-0003b5c0: 636f 6e74 6578 743a 2061 6e79 2065 6e76 context: any env\n-0003b5d0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0003b5e0: 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 2062 e changes made b\n-0003b5f0: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 y the. comma\n-0003b600: 6e64 7320 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c nds in FILE will\n-0003b610: 2062 6520 7072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6166 be preserved af\n-0003b620: 7465 7220 e280 9873 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 ter ...source...\n-0003b630: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 7468 returns, and th\n-0003b640: 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 7769 6c6c e. menu will\n-0003b650: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e20 696d not be shown im\n-0003b660: 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 mediately.....Fi\n-0003b670: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003b680: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 204e 6578 Node: test, Nex\n-0003b690: 743a 2074 7275 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: true, Prev: \n-0003b6a0: 736f 7572 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d source, Up: Com\n-0003b6b0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0003b6c0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3420 7465 7374 ds..17.4.74 test\n-0003b6d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n-0003b6e0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 7374 -- Command: test\n-0003b6f0: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 expression. \n-0003b700: 2045 7661 6c75 6174 6520 4558 5052 4553 Evaluate EXPRES\n-0003b710: 5349 4f4e 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e20 SION and return \n-0003b720: 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 zero exit status\n-0003b730: 2069 6620 7265 7375 6c74 2069 7320 7472 if result is tr\n-0003b740: 7565 2c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 ue,. non zer\n-0003b750: 6f20 7374 6174 7573 206f 7468 6572 7769 o status otherwi\n-0003b760: 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 se... EXPRES\n-0003b770: 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 3a0a SION is one of:.\n-0003b780: 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 . STRING1 ..\n-0003b790: 983d 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 .==... STRING2. \n-0003b7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 the str\n-0003b7b0: 696e 6773 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 0a20 ings are equal. \n-0003b7c0: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 9821 STRING1 ...!\n-0003b7d0: 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 =... STRING2. \n-0003b7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e the strin\n-0003b7f0: 6773 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c gs are not equal\n-0003b800: 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 . STRING1 ..\n-0003b810: 983c e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 .<... STRING2. \n-0003b820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 STRING1 \n-0003b830: 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 is lexicographic\n-0003b840: 616c 6c79 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 2053 ally less than S\n-0003b850: 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 TRING2. STRI\n-0003b860: 4e47 3120 e280 983c 3de2 8099 2053 5452 NG1 ...<=... STR\n-0003b870: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ING2. S\n-0003b880: 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f TRING1 is lexico\n-0003b890: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 7373 graphically less\n-0003b8a0: 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e 2053 or equal than S\n-0003b8b0: 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 TRING2. STRI\n-0003b8c0: 4e47 3120 e280 983e e280 9920 5354 5249 NG1 ...>... STRI\n-0003b8d0: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 NG2. ST\n-0003b8e0: 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 RING1 is lexicog\n-0003b8f0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 raphically great\n-0003b900: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a er than STRING2.\n-0003b910: 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 STRING1 ...\n-0003b920: 3e3d e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 >=... STRING2. \n-0003b930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 STRING1 \n-0003b940: 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 is lexicographic\n-0003b950: 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 6572 206f 7220 ally greater or \n-0003b960: 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e equal than STRIN\n-0003b970: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 G2. INTEGER1\n-0003b980: 20e2 8098 2d65 71e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 ...-eq... INTEG\n-0003b990: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e ER2. IN\n-0003b9a0: 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 TEGER1 is equal \n-0003b9b0: 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 to INTEGER2. \n-0003b9c0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6765 INTEGER1 ...-ge\n-0003b9d0: e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 ... INTEGER2. \n-0003b9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 INTEGER1 \n-0003b9f0: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 is greater than \n-0003ba00: 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 or equal to INTE\n-0003ba10: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 GER2. INTEGE\n-0003ba20: 5231 20e2 8098 2d67 74e2 8099 2049 4e54 R1 ...-gt... INT\n-0003ba30: 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 EGER2. \n-0003ba40: 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 INTEGER1 is grea\n-0003ba50: 7465 7220 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ter than INTEGER\n-0003ba60: 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 2. INTEGER1 \n-0003ba70: e280 982d 6c65 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 ...-le... INTEGE\n-0003ba80: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 R2. INT\n-0003ba90: 4547 4552 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 EGER1 is less th\n-0003baa0: 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 an or equal to I\n-0003bab0: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 NTEGER2. INT\n-0003bac0: 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6c74 e280 9920 EGER1 ...-lt... \n-0003bad0: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n-0003bae0: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206c INTEGER1 is l\n-0003baf0: 6573 7320 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ess than INTEGER\n-0003bb00: 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 2. INTEGER1 \n-0003bb10: e280 982d 6e65 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 ...-ne... INTEGE\n-0003bb20: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 R2. INT\n-0003bb30: 4547 4552 3120 6973 206e 6f74 2065 7175 EGER1 is not equ\n-0003bb40: 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 al to INTEGER2. \n-0003bb50: 2020 2020 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 PREFIXINTEGE\n-0003bb60: 5231 20e2 8098 2d70 6774 e280 9920 5052 R1 ...-pgt... PR\n-0003bb70: 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 EFIXINTEGER2. \n-0003bb80: 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 INTEGER1 \n-0003bb90: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 is greater than \n-0003bba0: 494e 5445 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 INTEGER2 after s\n-0003bbb0: 7472 6970 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d tripping off com\n-0003bbc0: 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f mon. no\n-0003bbd0: 6e2d 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 n-numeric PREFIX\n-0003bbe0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 .. PREFIXINT\n-0003bbf0: 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 706c 74e2 8099 EGER1 ...-plt...\n-0003bc00: 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 320a PREFIXINTEGER2.\n-0003bc10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 INTEGE\n-0003bc20: 5231 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 R1 is less than \n-0003bc30: 494e 5445 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 INTEGER2 after s\n-0003bc40: 7472 6970 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d tripping off com\n-0003bc50: 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f mon. no\n-0003bc60: 6e2d 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 n-numeric PREFIX\n-0003bc70: 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 20e2 8098 .. FILE1 ...\n-0003bc80: 2d6e 74e2 8099 2046 494c 4532 0a20 2020 -nt... FILE2. \n-0003bc90: 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 2069 7320 FILE1 is \n-0003bca0: 6e65 7765 7220 7468 616e 2046 494c 4532 newer than FILE2\n-0003bcb0: 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 (modification t\n-0003bcc0: 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c ime). Optionall\n-0003bcd0: 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 y. nume\n-0003bce0: 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d 6179 2062 6520 ric BIAS may be \n-0003bcf0: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7070 656e 6465 directly appende\n-0003bd00: 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6e 74e2 8099 2069 d to ...-nt... i\n-0003bd10: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 2020 n which case. \n-0003bd20: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 6464 it is add\n-0003bd30: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ed to the first \n-0003bd40: 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f file modificatio\n-0003bd50: 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 494c n time.. FIL\n-0003bd60: 4531 20e2 8098 2d6f 74e2 8099 2046 494c E1 ...-ot... FIL\n-0003bd70: 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c E2. FIL\n-0003bd80: 4531 2069 7320 6f6c 6465 7220 7468 616e E1 is older than\n-0003bd90: 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 FILE2 (modifica\n-0003bda0: 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 tion time). Opt\n-0003bdb0: 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ionally. \n-0003bdc0: 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d numeric BIAS m\n-0003bdd0: 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 ay be directly a\n-0003bde0: 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6f ppended to ...-o\n-0003bdf0: 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 t... in which ca\n-0003be00: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 se. it \n-0003be10: 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 is added to the \n-0003be20: 6669 7273 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 first file modif\n-0003be30: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 ication time.. \n-0003be40: 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 4649 4c45 ...-d... FILE\n-0003be50: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 . FILE \n-0003be60: 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6120 exists and is a \n-0003be70: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 20e2 directory. .\n-0003be80: 8098 2d65 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 ..-e... FILE. \n-0003be90: 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 FILE exis\n-0003bea0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 66e2 8099 ts. ...-f...\n-0003beb0: 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 FILE. \n-0003bec0: 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 FILE exists and \n-0003bed0: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f is not a directo\n-0003bee0: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 73e2 8099 ry. ...-s...\n-0003bef0: 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 FILE. \n-0003bf00: 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 FILE exists and \n-0003bf10: 6861 7320 6120 7369 7a65 2067 7265 6174 has a size great\n-0003bf20: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 er than zero. \n-0003bf30: 2020 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2053 5452 494e ...-n... STRIN\n-0003bf40: 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 G. the \n-0003bf50: 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 5354 5249 4e47 length of STRING\n-0003bf60: 2069 7320 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 is nonzero. \n-0003bf70: 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 STRING. \n-0003bf80: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6571 7569 STRING is equi\n-0003bf90: 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6e20 valent to ...-n \n-0003bfa0: 5354 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 STRING.... .\n-0003bfb0: 8098 2d7a e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 ..-z... STRING. \n-0003bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e the len\n-0003bfd0: 6774 6820 6f66 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 gth of STRING is\n-0003bfe0: 207a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 28e2 zero. ...(.\n-0003bff0: 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 e280 .. EXPRESSION ..\n-0003c000: 9829 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .).... \n-0003c010: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 7472 EXPRESSION is tr\n-0003c020: 7565 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9821 e280 9920 ue. ...!... \n-0003c030: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 EXPRESSION. \n-0003c040: 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 EXPRESSION \n-0003c050: 6973 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 4558 is false. EX\n-0003c060: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 61e2 PRESSION1 ...-a.\n-0003c070: 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 .. EXPRESSION2. \n-0003c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 both EX\n-0003c090: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 PRESSION1 and EX\n-0003c0a0: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 PRESSION2 are tr\n-0003c0b0: 7565 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 ue. EXPRESSI\n-0003c0c0: 4f4e 3120 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a ON1 EXPRESSION2.\n-0003c0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 both E\n-0003c0e0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 XPRESSION1 and E\n-0003c0f0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 XPRESSION2 are t\n-0003c100: 7275 652e 2020 5468 6973 2073 796e 7461 rue. This synta\n-0003c110: 7820 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 x is not. \n-0003c120: 2020 2050 4f53 4958 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 POSIX-complia\n-0003c130: 6e74 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 nt and is not re\n-0003c140: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 commended.. \n-0003c150: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d EXPRESSION1 ...-\n-0003c160: 6fe2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 o... EXPRESSION2\n-0003c170: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 . eithe\n-0003c180: 7220 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 r EXPRESSION1 or\n-0003c190: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2069 7320 EXPRESSION2 is \n-0003c1a0: 7472 7565 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 true....File: gr\n-0003c1b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003c1c0: 7472 7565 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 true, Next: tru\n-0003c1d0: 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6573 742c st, Prev: test,\n-0003c1e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0003c1f0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0003c200: 342e 3735 2074 7275 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.75 true.------\n-0003c210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003c220: 616e 643a 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 2044 and: true. D\n-0003c230: 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 o nothing, succe\n-0003c240: 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 ssfully. This i\n-0003c250: 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 s mainly useful \n-0003c260: 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 in control. \n-0003c270: 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 constructs such \n-0003c280: 6173 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 as ...if... and \n-0003c290: e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ...while... (*no\n-0003c2a0: 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 te Shell-like sc\n-0003c2b0: 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ripting::).....F\n-0003c2c0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003c2d0: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 204e Node: trust, N\n-0003c2e0: 6578 743a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2050 7265 ext: unset, Pre\n-0003c2f0: 763a 2074 7275 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: true, Up: Co\n-0003c300: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003c310: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3736 2074 7275 nds..17.4.76 tru\n-0003c320: 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d st.-------------\n-0003c330: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 .. -- Command: t\n-0003c340: 7275 7374 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 rust [--skip-sig\n-0003c350: 5d20 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 650a 2020 ] pubkey_file. \n-0003c360: 2020 2052 6561 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b Read public k\n-0003c370: 6579 2066 726f 6d20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 ey from PUBKEY_F\n-0003c380: 494c 4520 616e 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 ILE and add it t\n-0003c390: 6f20 4752 5542 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 o GRUB's interna\n-0003c3a0: 6c20 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 l list. of t\n-0003c3b0: 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 rusted public ke\n-0003c3c0: 7973 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 ys. These keys \n-0003c3d0: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 are used to vali\n-0003c3e0: 6461 7465 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 date digital. \n-0003c3f0: 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2077 6865 signatures whe\n-0003c400: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n-0003c410: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n-0003c420: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 signatures... is\n-0003c430: 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 set to. ...\n-0003c440: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 enforce.... Not\n-0003c450: 6520 7468 6174 2069 6620 e280 9863 6865 e that if ...che\n-0003c460: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 ck_signatures...\n-0003c470: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e is set to ...en\n-0003c480: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7768 force.... wh\n-0003c490: 656e 20e2 8098 7472 7573 74e2 8099 2065 en ...trust... e\n-0003c4a0: 7865 6375 7465 732c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 xecutes, then PU\n-0003c4b0: 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 BKEY_FILE must i\n-0003c4c0: 7473 656c 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c tself be properl\n-0003c4d0: 790a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 y. signed. \n-0003c4e0: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 The ...--skip-si\n-0003c4f0: 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 g... option can \n-0003c500: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2064 6973 6162 be used to disab\n-0003c510: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 le. signatur\n-0003c520: 652d 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 e-checking when \n-0003c530: 7265 6164 696e 6720 5055 424b 4559 5f46 reading PUBKEY_F\n-0003c540: 494c 4520 6974 7365 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 ILE itself. It \n-0003c550: 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 is expected. \n-0003c560: 2074 6861 7420 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d that ...--skip-\n-0003c570: 7369 67e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c sig... is useful\n-0003c580: 2066 6f72 2074 6573 7469 6e67 2061 6e64 for testing and\n-0003c590: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 626f 6f74 696e 672e manual booting.\n-0003c5a0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2055 7369 *Note. Usi\n-0003c5b0: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n-0003c5c0: 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 tures::, for mor\n-0003c5d0: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e information...\n-0003c5e0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003c5f0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 742c o, Node: unset,\n-0003c600: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 Next: verify_d\n-0003c610: 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 etached, Prev: \n-0003c620: 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d trust, Up: Comm\n-0003c630: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0003c640: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3737 2075 6e73 6574 s..17.4.77 unset\n-0003c650: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n-0003c660: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2075 6e73 -- Command: uns\n-0003c670: 6574 2065 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 2055 et envvar. U\n-0003c680: 6e73 6574 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e nset the environ\n-0003c690: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e ment variable EN\n-0003c6a0: 5656 4152 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 VVAR.....File: g\n-0003c6b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003c6c0: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n-0003c6d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2076 6964 656f 696e , Next: videoin\n-0003c6e0: 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2075 6e73 6574 fo, Prev: unset\n-0003c6f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0003c700: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0003c710: 2e34 2e37 3820 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 .4.78 verify_det\n-0003c720: 6163 6865 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ached.----------\n-0003c730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003c740: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 7269 -- Command: veri\n-0003c750: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 5b2d 2d73 fy_detached [--s\n-0003c760: 6b69 702d 7369 675d 2066 696c 6520 7369 kip-sig] file si\n-0003c770: 676e 6174 7572 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 gnature_file. \n-0003c780: 2020 2020 2020 205b 7075 626b 6579 5f66 [pubkey_f\n-0003c790: 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7269 6669 ile]. Verifi\n-0003c7a0: 6573 2061 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 es a GPG-style d\n-0003c7b0: 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 etached signatur\n-0003c7c0: 652c 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2073 6967 e, where the sig\n-0003c7d0: 6e65 6420 6669 6c65 2069 730a 2020 2020 ned file is. \n-0003c7e0: 2046 494c 452c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 FILE, and the s\n-0003c7f0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2069 7473 656c 6620 ignature itself \n-0003c800: 6973 2069 6e20 6669 6c65 2053 4947 4e41 is in file SIGNA\n-0003c810: 5455 5245 5f46 494c 452e 0a20 2020 2020 TURE_FILE.. \n-0003c820: 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 7370 Optionally, a sp\n-0003c830: 6563 6966 6963 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 ecific public ke\n-0003c840: 7920 746f 2075 7365 2063 616e 2062 6520 y to use can be \n-0003c850: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e 670a specified using.\n-0003c860: 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 PUBKEY_FILE\n-0003c870: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d . When environm\n-0003c880: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n-0003c890: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-0003c8a0: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 ... is set. \n-0003c8b0: 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 to ...enforce...\n-0003c8c0: 2c20 7468 656e 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 , then PUBKEY_FI\n-0003c8d0: 4c45 206d 7573 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 LE must itself b\n-0003c8e0: 6520 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 e properly signe\n-0003c8f0: 6420 6279 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c72 d by an. alr\n-0003c900: 6561 6479 2d74 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 eady-trusted key\n-0003c910: 2e20 2041 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2050 . An unsigned P\n-0003c920: 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2063 616e 2062 UBKEY_FILE can b\n-0003c930: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 e loaded by. \n-0003c940: 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d specifying ...-\n-0003c950: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 -skip-sig.... I\n-0003c960: 6620 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6973 f PUBKEY_FILE is\n-0003c970: 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2070 omitted, then p\n-0003c980: 7562 6c69 630a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 ublic. keys \n-0003c990: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 7320 7472 7573 from GRUB's trus\n-0003c9a0: 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ted keys (*note \n-0003c9b0: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 list_trusted::, \n-0003c9c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 0a20 *note trust::,. \n-0003c9d0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 and *note di\n-0003c9e0: 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 7472 strust::) are tr\n-0003c9f0: 6965 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 ied... Exit \n-0003ca00: 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 code ...$?... is\n-0003ca10: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 6865 set to 0 if the\n-0003ca20: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2076 616c 6964 signature valid\n-0003ca30: 6174 6573 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c ates successfull\n-0003ca40: 792e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 y.. If valid\n-0003ca50: 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2069 7420 ation fails, it \n-0003ca60: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e2d is set to a non-\n-0003ca70: 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e20 202a 4e6f zero value. *No\n-0003ca80: 7465 2055 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6469 te Using. di\n-0003ca90: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n-0003caa0: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 ::, for more inf\n-0003cab0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n-0003cac0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003cad0: 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 ode: videoinfo, \n-0003cae0: 204e 6578 743a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 Next: wrmsr, P\n-0003caf0: 7265 763a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 rev: verify_deta\n-0003cb00: 6368 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ched, Up: Comma\n-0003cb10: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0003cb20: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3920 7669 6465 6f69 ..17.4.79 videoi\n-0003cb30: 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nfo.------------\n-0003cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003cb50: 6e64 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f20 5b5b nd: videoinfo [[\n-0003cb60: 5778 485d 7844 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 WxH]xD]. Lis\n-0003cb70: 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 t available vide\n-0003cb80: 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 o modes. If res\n-0003cb90: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e olution is given\n-0003cba0: 2c20 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 , show only. \n-0003cbb0: 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 732e matching modes.\n-0003cbc0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003cbd0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 nfo, Node: wrms\n-0003cbe0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 r, Prev: videoi\n-0003cbf0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nfo, Up: Comman\n-0003cc00: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0003cc10: 0a31 372e 342e 3830 2077 726d 7372 0a2d .17.4.80 wrmsr.-\n-0003cc20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003cc30: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7772 6d73 - Command:: wrms\n-0003cc40: 7220 3078 4144 4452 2030 7856 414c 5545 r 0xADDR 0xVALUE\n-0003cc50: 0a20 2020 2020 5772 6974 6520 6120 3078 . Write a 0x\n-0003cc60: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2061 206d 6f64 656c VALUE to a model\n-0003cc70: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 -specific regist\n-0003cc80: 6572 2061 7420 6164 6472 6573 7320 3078 er at address 0x\n-0003cc90: 4144 4452 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6561 ADDR... Plea\n-0003cca0: 7365 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e20 se note that on \n-0003ccb0: 534d 5020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2077 7269 SMP systems, wri\n-0003ccc0: 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 ting to a MSR th\n-0003ccd0: 6174 2068 6173 2061 2073 636f 7065 0a20 at has a scope. \n-0003cce0: 2020 2020 7065 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 per hardware\n-0003ccf0: 2074 6872 6561 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 thread, implies\n-0003cd00: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 that the value \n-0003cd10: 7468 6174 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 that is written \n-0003cd20: 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6170 706c 6965 only. applie\n-0003cd30: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 s to the particu\n-0003cd40: 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 lar cpu/core/thr\n-0003cd50: 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 ead that runs th\n-0003cd60: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 e command... \n-0003cd70: 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7370 Also, if you sp\n-0003cd80: 6563 6966 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 6564 ecify a reserved\n-0003cd90: 206f 7220 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 or unimplemente\n-0003cda0: 6420 4d53 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 d MSR address, i\n-0003cdb0: 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7573 t. will caus\n-0003cdc0: 6520 6120 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 e a general prot\n-0003cdd0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e ection exception\n-0003cde0: 2028 7768 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 2063 (which is not c\n-0003cdf0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6265 urrently. be\n-0003ce00: 696e 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 ing handled) and\n-0003ce10: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c the system will\n-0003ce20: 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e reboot... N\n-0003ce30: 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ote: The command\n-0003ce40: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 is not allowed \n-0003ce50: 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 when lockdown is\n-0003ce60: 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 enforced (*note\n-0003ce70: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a . Lockdown::\n-0003ce80: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 ). This is done\n-0003ce90: 2074 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 7375 6276 to prevent subv\n-0003cea0: 6572 7469 6e67 2076 6172 696f 7573 2073 erting various s\n-0003ceb0: 6563 7572 6974 790a 2020 2020 206d 6563 ecurity. mec\n-0003cec0: 6861 6e69 736d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 hanisms.....File\n-0003ced0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003cee0: 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 de: Networking c\n-0003cef0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ommands, Next: \n-0003cf00: 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d Undocumented com\n-0003cf10: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f mands, Prev: Co\n-0003cf20: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003cf30: 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nds, Up: Comman\n-0003cf40: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 204e 6574 776f 726b ds..17.5 Network\n-0003cf50: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d ing commands.===\n-0003cf60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003cf70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a =====..* Menu:..\n-0003cf80: 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 3a3a * net_add_addr::\n-0003cf90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003cfa0: 4164 6420 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6164 Add a network ad\n-0003cfb0: 6472 6573 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f dress.* net_add_\n-0003cfc0: 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dns:: \n-0003cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 444e 5320 Add a DNS \n-0003cfe0: 7365 7276 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 server.* net_add\n-0003cff0: 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _route:: \n-0003d000: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7469 Add routi\n-0003d010: 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f62 ng entry.* net_b\n-0003d020: 6f6f 7470 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ootp:: \n-0003d030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d Perform\n-0003d040: 2061 2062 6f6f 7470 2f44 4843 5020 6175 a bootp/DHCP au\n-0003d050: 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a toconfiguration.\n-0003d060: 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 3a3a * net_del_addr::\n-0003d070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d080: 5265 6d6f 7665 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 Remove IP addres\n-0003d090: 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 s from interface\n-0003d0a0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a3a .* net_del_dns::\n-0003d0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d0c0: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 444e 5320 7365 Remove a DNS se\n-0003d0d0: 7276 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 rver.* net_del_r\n-0003d0e0: 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oute:: \n-0003d0f0: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 726f Remove a ro\n-0003d100: 7574 6520 656e 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 745f ute entry.* net_\n-0003d110: 6468 6370 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dhcp:: \n-0003d120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 Perfor\n-0003d130: 6d20 6120 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e m a DHCP autocon\n-0003d140: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 figuration.* net\n-0003d150: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n-0003d160: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 :: Retri\n-0003d170: 6576 6520 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 eve DHCP options\n-0003d180: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f .* net_ipv6_auto\n-0003d190: 636f 6e66 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 conf:: \n-0003d1a0: 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 3620 6175 Perform IPv6 au\n-0003d1b0: 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a toconfiguration.\n-0003d1c0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 * net_ls_addr:: \n-0003d1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d1e0: 4c69 7374 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 730a List interfaces.\n-0003d1f0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 3a3a * net_ls_cards::\n-0003d200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d210: 4c69 7374 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 List network car\n-0003d220: 6473 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a ds.* net_ls_dns:\n-0003d230: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0003d240: 2020 204c 6973 7420 444e 5320 7365 7276 List DNS serv\n-0003d250: 6572 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 ers.* net_ls_rou\n-0003d260: 7465 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tes:: \n-0003d270: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 List routing\n-0003d280: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e entries.* net_n\n-0003d290: 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 slookup:: \n-0003d2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d Perform\n-0003d2b0: 2061 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2a20 a DNS lookup.* \n-0003d2c0: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 3a3a 2020 net_set_vlan:: \n-0003d2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 Se\n-0003d2e0: 7420 766c 616e 2069 6420 6f6e 2061 6e20 t vlan id on an \n-0003d2f0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c interface....Fil\n-0003d300: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003d310: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 ode: net_add_add\n-0003d320: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 r, Next: net_ad\n-0003d330: 645f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 d_dns, Up: Netw\n-0003d340: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003d350: 0a31 372e 352e 3120 6e65 745f 6164 645f .17.5.1 net_add_\n-0003d360: 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d addr.-----------\n-0003d370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003d380: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 mmand: net_add_a\n-0003d390: 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 4341 ddr INTERFACE CA\n-0003d3a0: 5244 2041 4444 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 RD ADDRESS. \n-0003d3b0: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 6164 6469 7469 Configure additi\n-0003d3c0: 6f6e 616c 206e 6574 776f 726b 2049 4e54 onal network INT\n-0003d3d0: 4552 4641 4345 2077 6974 6820 4144 4452 ERFACE with ADDR\n-0003d3e0: 4553 5320 6f6e 2061 206e 6574 776f 726b ESS on a network\n-0003d3f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 4444 . CARD. ADD\n-0003d400: 5245 5353 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 RESS can be eith\n-0003d410: 6572 2049 5020 696e 2064 6f74 7465 6420 er IP in dotted \n-0003d420: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e decimal notation\n-0003d430: 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6d62 6f6c , or. symbol\n-0003d440: 6963 206e 616d 6520 7768 6963 6820 6973 ic name which is\n-0003d450: 2072 6573 6f6c 7665 6420 7573 696e 6720 resolved using \n-0003d460: 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 2049 6620 DNS lookup. If \n-0003d470: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 successful,. \n-0003d480: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 616c this command al\n-0003d490: 736f 2061 6464 7320 6c6f 6361 6c20 6c69 so adds local li\n-0003d4a0: 6e6b 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 nk routing entry\n-0003d4b0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 740a to the default.\n-0003d4c0: 2020 2020 2073 7562 6e65 7420 6f66 2041 subnet of A\n-0003d4d0: 4444 5245 5353 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 DDRESS with name\n-0003d4e0: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 e280 983a 6c6f INTERFACE...:lo\n-0003d4f0: 6361 6ce2 8099 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 cal... via INTER\n-0003d500: 4641 4345 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 FACE.....File: g\n-0003d510: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003d520: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e net_add_dns, N\n-0003d530: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 ext: net_add_rou\n-0003d540: 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 te, Prev: net_a\n-0003d550: 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 dd_addr, Up: Ne\n-0003d560: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003d570: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3220 6e65 745f 6164 s..17.5.2 net_ad\n-0003d580: 645f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d_dns.----------\n-0003d590: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003d5a0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 mmand: net_add_d\n-0003d5b0: 6e73 2053 4552 5645 520a 2020 2020 2052 ns SERVER. R\n-0003d5c0: 6573 6f6c 7665 2053 4552 5645 5220 4950 esolve SERVER IP\n-0003d5d0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 6464 address and add\n-0003d5e0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 to the list of \n-0003d5f0: 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 DNS servers used\n-0003d600: 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d . during nam\n-0003d610: 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e lookup.....Fil\n-0003d620: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003d630: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 ode: net_add_rou\n-0003d640: 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f62 te, Next: net_b\n-0003d650: 6f6f 7470 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 ootp, Prev: net\n-0003d660: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e _add_dns, Up: N\n-0003d670: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003d680: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e33 206e 6574 5f61 ds..17.5.3 net_a\n-0003d690: 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dd_route.-------\n-0003d6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003d6b0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003d6c0: 6164 645f 726f 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e add_route SHORTN\n-0003d6d0: 414d 4520 4950 5b2f 5052 4546 4958 5d20 AME IP[/PREFIX] \n-0003d6e0: 5b49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 207c 2067 770a [INTERFACE | gw.\n-0003d6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4741 5445 5741 GATEWA\n-0003d700: 595d 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6420 726f 7574 Y]. Add rout\n-0003d710: 6520 746f 206e 6574 776f 726b 2077 6974 e to network wit\n-0003d720: 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 4950 2061 7320 h address IP as \n-0003d730: 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 2062 7920 5052 4546 modified by PREF\n-0003d740: 4958 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 6569 7468 IX via. eith\n-0003d750: 6572 206c 6f63 616c 2049 4e54 4552 4641 er local INTERFA\n-0003d760: 4345 206f 7220 4741 5445 5741 592e 2020 CE or GATEWAY. \n-0003d770: 5052 4546 4958 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e PREFIX is option\n-0003d780: 616c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a al and defaults.\n-0003d790: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 3332 2066 6f72 2049 to 32 for I\n-0003d7a0: 5076 3420 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 Pv4 address and \n-0003d7b0: 3132 3820 666f 7220 4950 7636 2061 6464 128 for IPv6 add\n-0003d7c0: 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6f75 7465 2069 730a ress. Route is.\n-0003d7d0: 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 identified \n-0003d7e0: 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2077 6869 by SHORTNAME whi\n-0003d7f0: 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 ch can be used t\n-0003d800: 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 2069 7420 282a 6e6f o remove it (*no\n-0003d810: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f te. net_del_\n-0003d820: 726f 7574 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c route::).....Fil\n-0003d830: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003d840: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 ode: net_bootp, \n-0003d850: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 Next: net_del_a\n-0003d860: 6464 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ddr, Prev: net_\n-0003d870: 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 add_route, Up: \n-0003d880: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003d890: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3420 6e65 745f nds..17.5.4 net_\n-0003d8a0: 626f 6f74 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d bootp.----------\n-0003d8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003d8c0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 205b and: net_bootp [\n-0003d8d0: 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 CARD]. Alias\n-0003d8e0: 2066 6f72 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2066 for net_dhcp, f\n-0003d8f0: 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 or compatibility\n-0003d900: 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 4772 7562 with older Grub\n-0003d910: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 versions.. \n-0003d920: 5769 6c6c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 Will perform the\n-0003d930: 2073 616d 6520 4448 4350 2068 616e 6473 same DHCP hands\n-0003d940: 6861 6b65 2077 6974 6820 706f 7465 6e74 hake with potent\n-0003d950: 6961 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a ial fallback to.\n-0003d960: 2020 2020 2042 4f4f 5450 2061 7320 7468 BOOTP as th\n-0003d970: 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2063 6f6d 6d61 e net_dhcp comma\n-0003d980: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 6468 nd (*note net_dh\n-0003d990: 6370 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 cp::).....File: \n-0003d9a0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003d9b0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 : net_del_addr, \n-0003d9c0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 Next: net_del_d\n-0003d9d0: 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f62 ns, Prev: net_b\n-0003d9e0: 6f6f 7470 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f ootp, Up: Netwo\n-0003d9f0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-0003da00: 3137 2e35 2e35 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 17.5.5 net_del_a\n-0003da10: 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ddr.------------\n-0003da20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003da30: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 mand: net_del_ad\n-0003da40: 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 0a20 2020 dr INTERFACE. \n-0003da50: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 Remove configu\n-0003da60: 7265 6420 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 red INTERFACE wi\n-0003da70: 7468 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 6164 th associated ad\n-0003da80: 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 dress.....File: \n-0003da90: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003daa0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 : net_del_dns, \n-0003dab0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f Next: net_del_ro\n-0003dac0: 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ute, Prev: net_\n-0003dad0: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e del_addr, Up: N\n-0003dae0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003daf0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e36 206e 6574 5f64 ds..17.5.6 net_d\n-0003db00: 656c 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d el_dns.---------\n-0003db10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003db20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ommand: net_del_\n-0003db30: 646e 7320 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 dns ADDRESS. \n-0003db40: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4144 4452 4553 5320 Remove ADDRESS \n-0003db50: 6672 6f6d 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 from list of ser\n-0003db60: 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 vers used during\n-0003db70: 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f name lookup....\n-0003db80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003db90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Node: net_del\n-0003dba0: 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e _route, Next: n\n-0003dbb0: 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 et_dhcp, Prev: \n-0003dbc0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5570 net_del_dns, Up\n-0003dbd0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003dbe0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3720 6e65 mands..17.5.7 ne\n-0003dbf0: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d t_del_route.----\n+00039c40: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6967 6874 0a0a 2020 Right.. \n+00039c50: 2020 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6b65 As well as ke\n+00039c60: 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2c20 7468 6520 e280 ystrokes, the ..\n+00039c70: 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f 6d6d .sendkey... comm\n+00039c80: 616e 6420 7461 6b65 7320 7661 7269 6f75 and takes variou\n+00039c90: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2074 s options. t\n+00039ca0: 6861 7420 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 2042 hat affect the B\n+00039cb0: 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7461 IOS keyboard sta\n+00039cc0: 7475 7320 666c 6167 732e 2020 5468 6573 tus flags. Thes\n+00039cd0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7461 6b65 2061 e options take a\n+00039ce0: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f6e e280 9920 n. ...on... \n+00039cf0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2070 6172 or ...off... par\n+00039d00: 616d 6574 6572 2c20 7370 6563 6966 7969 ameter, specifyi\n+00039d10: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f 7272 ng that the corr\n+00039d20: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 7374 6174 7573 esponding status\n+00039d30: 0a20 2020 2020 666c 6167 2062 6520 7365 . flag be se\n+00039d40: 7420 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 3b20 6f6d 6974 t or unset; omit\n+00039d50: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ting the option \n+00039d60: 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 7374 6174 for a given stat\n+00039d70: 7573 2066 6c61 670a 2020 2020 2077 696c us flag. wil\n+00039d80: 6c20 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6174 2066 6c61 l leave that fla\n+00039d90: 6720 6174 2069 7473 2069 6e69 7469 616c g at its initial\n+00039da0: 2073 7461 7465 2061 7420 626f 6f74 2e20 state at boot. \n+00039db0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 6de2 8099 The ...--num...\n+00039dc0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 ,. ...--caps\n+00039dd0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c ..., ...--scroll\n+00039de0: e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e ..., and ...--in\n+00039df0: 7365 7274 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 sert... options \n+00039e00: 656d 756c 6174 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 emulate setting \n+00039e10: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 the. corresp\n+00039e20: 6f6e 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 652c 2077 6869 onding mode, whi\n+00039e30: 6c65 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 6d6b le the ...--numk\n+00039e40: 6579 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 ey..., ...--caps\n+00039e50: 6b65 79e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 key...,. ...\n+00039e60: 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 79e2 8099 2c20 --scrollkey..., \n+00039e70: 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b and ...--insertk\n+00039e80: 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d ey... options em\n+00039e90: 756c 6174 6520 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 ulate pressing a\n+00039ea0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 686f 6c64 696e 6720 nd. holding \n+00039eb0: 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e the correspondin\n+00039ec0: 6720 6b65 792e 2020 5468 6520 6f74 6865 g key. The othe\n+00039ed0: 7220 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 r status flag op\n+00039ee0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 tions are. s\n+00039ef0: 656c 662d 6578 706c 616e 6174 6f72 792e elf-explanatory.\n+00039f00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 .. If the ..\n+00039f10: 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6c65 64e2 8099 206f 7074 .--no-led... opt\n+00039f20: 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 ion is given, th\n+00039f30: 6520 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 e status flag op\n+00039f40: 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 tions will. \n+00039f50: 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 206f have no effect o\n+00039f60: 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 204c 4544 732e n keyboard LEDs.\n+00039f70: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 .. If the ..\n+00039f80: 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f 6d6d .sendkey... comm\n+00039f90: 616e 6420 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 756c and is given mul\n+00039fa0: 7469 706c 6520 7469 6d65 732c 2074 6865 tiple times, the\n+00039fb0: 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 n only the. \n+00039fc0: 6c61 7374 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 last invocation \n+00039fd0: 6861 7320 616e 7920 6566 6665 6374 2e0a has any effect..\n+00039fe0: 0a20 2020 2020 5369 6e63 6520 e280 9873 . Since ...s\n+00039ff0: 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 6d61 6e69 7075 endkey... manipu\n+0003a000: 6c61 7465 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b lates the BIOS k\n+0003a010: 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2c20 eyboard buffer, \n+0003a020: 6974 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 0a20 2020 it may cause. \n+0003a030: 2020 6861 6e67 732c 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 hangs, reboots\n+0003a040: 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 206d 6973 6265 , or other misbe\n+0003a050: 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 haviour on some \n+0003a060: 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 systems. If the\n+0003a070: 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 . operating \n+0003a080: 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 626f 6f74 206c system or boot l\n+0003a090: 6f61 6465 7220 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 oader that runs \n+0003a0a0: 6166 7465 7220 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 after GRUB uses \n+0003a0b0: 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 206b 6579 its own. key\n+0003a0c0: 626f 6172 6420 6472 6976 6572 2072 6174 board driver rat\n+0003a0d0: 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 2042 494f her than the BIO\n+0003a0e0: 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2066 756e 6374 S keyboard funct\n+0003a0f0: 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 ions, then. \n+0003a100: e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 7769 ...sendkey... wi\n+0003a110: 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 ll have no effec\n+0003a120: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f t... This co\n+0003a130: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 mmand is only av\n+0003a140: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 ailable on PC BI\n+0003a150: 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 OS systems.....F\n+0003a160: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003a170: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6574 2c20 204e 6578 Node: set, Nex\n+0003a180: 743a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2050 7265 t: sha1sum, Pre\n+0003a190: 763a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2055 703a v: sendkey, Up:\n+0003a1a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0003a1b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3720 mmands..17.4.67 \n+0003a1c0: 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a set.-----------.\n+0003a1d0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 . -- Command: se\n+0003a1e0: 7420 5b65 6e76 7661 723d 7661 6c75 655d t [envvar=value]\n+0003a1f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 656e . Set the en\n+0003a200: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0003a210: 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 5220 746f 2056 414c le ENVVAR to VAL\n+0003a220: 5545 2e20 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 UE. If invoked \n+0003a230: 7769 7468 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 with no. arg\n+0003a240: 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c uments, print al\n+0003a250: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+0003a260: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 riables with the\n+0003a270: 6972 2076 616c 7565 732e 2020 466f 720a ir values. For.\n+0003a280: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 the list of\n+0003a290: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+0003a2a0: 6961 626c 6573 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 iables currently\n+0003a2b0: 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6974 used by GRUB it\n+0003a2c0: 7365 6c66 2073 6565 0a20 2020 2020 7468 self see. th\n+0003a2d0: 6520 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2073 6563 7469 e relevant secti\n+0003a2e0: 6f6e 202a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e on *note Environ\n+0003a2f0: 6d65 6e74 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ment::.....File:\n+0003a300: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003a310: 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 204e 6578 e: sha1sum, Nex\n+0003a320: 743a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2050 t: sha256sum, P\n+0003a330: 7265 763a 2073 6574 2c20 2055 703a 2043 rev: set, Up: C\n+0003a340: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0003a350: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3820 7368 ands..17.4.68 sh\n+0003a360: 6131 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d a1sum.----------\n+0003a370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003a380: 6e64 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d20 6172 6720 nd: sha1sum arg \n+0003a390: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 .... Alias f\n+0003a3a0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d or ...hashsum --\n+0003a3b0: 6861 7368 2073 6861 3120 6172 6720 2e2e hash sha1 arg ..\n+0003a3c0: 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..... See comma\n+0003a3d0: 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 nd ...hashsum...\n+0003a3e0: 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 . (*note has\n+0003a3f0: 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c hsum::) for full\n+0003a400: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f description....\n+0003a410: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003a420: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 , Node: sha256s\n+0003a430: 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3531 um, Next: sha51\n+0003a440: 3273 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 2sum, Prev: sha\n+0003a450: 3173 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 1sum, Up: Comma\n+0003a460: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0003a470: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3920 7368 6132 3536 ..17.4.69 sha256\n+0003a480: 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sum.------------\n+0003a490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003a4a0: 6e64 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d20 6172 nd: sha256sum ar\n+0003a4b0: 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 g .... Alias\n+0003a4c0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 for ...hashsum \n+0003a4d0: 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3235 3620 6172 --hash sha256 ar\n+0003a4e0: 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 g ....... See c\n+0003a4f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 ommand ...hashsu\n+0003a500: 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 m.... (*note\n+0003a510: 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 hashsum::) for \n+0003a520: 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e full description\n+0003a530: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003a540: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 info, Node: sha\n+0003a550: 3531 3273 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 512sum, Next: s\n+0003a560: 6c65 6570 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 leep, Prev: sha\n+0003a570: 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 256sum, Up: Com\n+0003a580: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0003a590: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3020 7368 6135 ds..17.4.70 sha5\n+0003a5a0: 3132 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 12sum.----------\n+0003a5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003a5c0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d20 mand: sha512sum \n+0003a5d0: 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 arg .... Ali\n+0003a5e0: 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 as for ...hashsu\n+0003a5f0: 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3531 3220 m --hash sha512 \n+0003a600: 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 arg ....... See\n+0003a610: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 command ...hash\n+0003a620: 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f sum.... (*no\n+0003a630: 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f te hashsum::) fo\n+0003a640: 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 r full descripti\n+0003a650: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+0003a660: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+0003a670: 6c65 6570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6d62 leep, Next: smb\n+0003a680: 696f 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6135 ios, Prev: sha5\n+0003a690: 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 12sum, Up: Comm\n+0003a6a0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0003a6b0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3731 2073 6c65 6570 s..17.4.71 sleep\n+0003a6c0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n+0003a6d0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6c65 -- Command: sle\n+0003a6e0: 6570 205b 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 655d 205b ep [--verbose] [\n+0003a6f0: 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 626c 655d --interruptible]\n+0003a700: 2063 6f75 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 536c 6565 count. Slee\n+0003a710: 7020 666f 7220 434f 554e 5420 7365 636f p for COUNT seco\n+0003a720: 6e64 732e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 nds. If option \n+0003a730: e280 982d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 ...--interruptib\n+0003a740: 6c65 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c0a le... is given,.\n+0003a750: 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 7265 7373 allow press\n+0003a760: 696e 6720 3c45 5343 3e2c 203c 4634 3e20 ing , \n+0003a770: 6f72 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 2064 6f77 6e20 or holding down \n+0003a780: 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 746f 2069 6e74 6572 to inter\n+0003a790: 7275 7074 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e rupt. sleep.\n+0003a7a0: 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 With ...--verb\n+0003a7b0: 6f73 65e2 8099 2073 686f 7720 636f 756e ose... show coun\n+0003a7c0: 7464 6f77 6e20 6f66 2072 656d 6169 6e69 tdown of remaini\n+0003a7d0: 6e67 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 2045 7869 ng seconds. Exi\n+0003a7e0: 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 t. code is s\n+0003a7f0: 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 696d 656f et to 0 if timeo\n+0003a800: 7574 2065 7870 6972 6564 2061 6e64 2074 ut expired and t\n+0003a810: 6f20 3120 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 2077 o 1 if timeout w\n+0003a820: 6173 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7272 7570 as. interrup\n+0003a830: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f66 ted using any of\n+0003a840: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 206b the mentioned k\n+0003a850: 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 eys.....File: gr\n+0003a860: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003a870: 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 smbios, Next: s\n+0003a880: 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736c ource, Prev: sl\n+0003a890: 6565 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e eep, Up: Comman\n+0003a8a0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0003a8b0: 0a31 372e 342e 3732 2073 6d62 696f 730a .17.4.72 smbios.\n+0003a8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003a8d0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6d62 -- Command: smb\n+0003a8e0: 696f 7320 5b2d 2d74 7970 6520 5459 5045 ios [--type TYPE\n+0003a8f0: 5d20 5b2d 2d68 616e 646c 6520 4841 4e44 ] [--handle HAND\n+0003a900: 4c45 5d20 5b2d 2d6d 6174 6368 204d 4154 LE] [--match MAT\n+0003a910: 4348 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282d CH]. (-\n+0003a920: 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 6520 7c20 2d2d 6765 -get-byte | --ge\n+0003a930: 742d 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d64 t-word | --get-d\n+0003a940: 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f word | --get-qwo\n+0003a950: 7264 207c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d rd |. -\n+0003a960: 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6720 7c20 2d2d -get-string | --\n+0003a970: 6765 742d 7575 6964 2920 4f46 4653 4554 get-uuid) OFFSET\n+0003a980: 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5641 5249 4142 4c45 [--set VARIABLE\n+0003a990: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 ]. Retrieve \n+0003a9a0: 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 SMBIOS informati\n+0003a9b0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 on... The ..\n+0003a9c0: 9873 6d62 696f 73e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 .smbios... comma\n+0003a9d0: 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 6865 2076 nd returns the v\n+0003a9e0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 6669 656c 6420 alue of a field \n+0003a9f0: 696e 2061 6e20 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 in an SMBIOS. \n+0003aa00: 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 5468 structure. Th\n+0003aa10: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e following opti\n+0003aa20: 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 ons determine wh\n+0003aa30: 6963 6820 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f ich structure to\n+0003aa40: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 2e0a 0a20 . select... \n+0003aa50: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 ... Speci\n+0003aa60: 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d74 7970 65e2 fying ...--type.\n+0003aa70: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 .. will select s\n+0003aa80: 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 7769 7468 2061 tructures with a\n+0003aa90: 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 matching. \n+0003aaa0: 2020 2020 5459 5045 2e20 2054 6865 2074 TYPE. The t\n+0003aab0: 7970 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 ype can be any i\n+0003aac0: 6e74 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f nteger from 0 to\n+0003aad0: 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 255.. ..\n+0003aae0: a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 . Specifying ...\n+0003aaf0: 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 e280 9920 7769 6c6c --handle... will\n+0003ab00: 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 select structur\n+0003ab10: 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d61 7463 6869 es with a matchi\n+0003ab20: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 414e ng. HAN\n+0003ab30: 444c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6861 6e64 6c65 DLE. The handle\n+0003ab40: 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 696e 7465 can be any inte\n+0003ab50: 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 3635 ger from 0 to 65\n+0003ab60: 3533 352e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 535.. ...\n+0003ab70: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d Specifying ...-\n+0003ab80: 2d6d 6174 6368 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 -match... will s\n+0003ab90: 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 elect structure \n+0003aba0: 6e75 6d62 6572 204d 4154 4348 2069 6e20 number MATCH in \n+0003abb0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 the. fi\n+0003abc0: 6c74 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 ltered list of s\n+0003abd0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 733b 2065 2e67 2e20 tructures; e.g. \n+0003abe0: 20e2 8098 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 ...smbios --typ\n+0003abf0: 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 32e2 8099 e 4 --match 2...\n+0003ac00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n+0003ac10: 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e select the secon\n+0003ac20: 6420 5072 6f63 6573 7320 496e 666f 726d d Process Inform\n+0003ac30: 6174 696f 6e20 2854 7970 6520 3429 2073 ation (Type 4) s\n+0003ac40: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 tructure.. \n+0003ac50: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c69 7374 2069 7320 The list is \n+0003ac60: 616c 7761 7973 206f 7264 6572 6564 2074 always ordered t\n+0003ac70: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 2068 he same as the h\n+0003ac80: 6172 6477 6172 6527 7320 534d 4249 4f53 ardware's SMBIOS\n+0003ac90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 . table\n+0003aca0: 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6174 6368 206e 756d . The match num\n+0003acb0: 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 706f ber must be a po\n+0003acc0: 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e20 sitive integer. \n+0003acd0: 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e If. un\n+0003ace0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 2066 specified, the f\n+0003acf0: 6972 7374 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 7374 irst matching st\n+0003ad00: 7275 6374 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ructure will be \n+0003ad10: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 selected... \n+0003ad20: 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6f70 The remaining op\n+0003ad30: 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 tions determine \n+0003ad40: 7768 6963 6820 6669 656c 6420 696e 2074 which field in t\n+0003ad50: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 he selected SMBI\n+0003ad60: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 OS. structur\n+0003ad70: 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e2e 2020 4f6e e to return. On\n+0003ad80: 6c79 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 ly one of these \n+0003ad90: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2073 options may be s\n+0003ada0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 740a 2020 2020 pecified at. \n+0003adb0: 2061 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 a time... \n+0003adc0: 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e ... When given\n+0003add0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 e280 ...--get-byte..\n+0003ade0: 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 ., return the va\n+0003adf0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2062 7974 6520 lue of the byte \n+0003ae00: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 204f 4646 at. OFF\n+0003ae10: 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 SET bytes into t\n+0003ae20: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 he selected SMBI\n+0003ae30: 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 OS structure. I\n+0003ae40: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 t will be. \n+0003ae50: 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 formatted as\n+0003ae60: 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 an unsigned dec\n+0003ae70: 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 imal integer.. \n+0003ae80: 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 ... When g\n+0003ae90: 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 776f iven ...--get-wo\n+0003aea0: 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 rd..., return th\n+0003aeb0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2077 e value of the w\n+0003aec0: 6f72 6420 2874 776f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ord (two. \n+0003aed0: 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 bytes) at OFF\n+0003aee0: 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 SET bytes into t\n+0003aef0: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 he selected SMBI\n+0003af00: 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 OS structure. I\n+0003af10: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c t. will\n+0003af20: 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 be formatted as\n+0003af30: 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 an unsigned dec\n+0003af40: 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 imal integer.. \n+0003af50: 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 ... When g\n+0003af60: 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 iven ...--get-dw\n+0003af70: 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 ord..., return t\n+0003af80: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 he value of the \n+0003af90: 6477 6f72 6420 2866 6f75 720a 2020 2020 dword (four. \n+0003afa0: 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 bytes) at \n+0003afb0: 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 OFFSET bytes int\n+0003afc0: 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 o the selected S\n+0003afd0: 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e MBIOS structure.\n+0003afe0: 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 It. w\n+0003aff0: 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 ill be formatted\n+0003b000: 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 as an unsigned \n+0003b010: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e decimal integer.\n+0003b020: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 . ... Whe\n+0003b030: 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 n given ...--get\n+0003b040: 2d71 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 -qword..., retur\n+0003b050: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 n the value of t\n+0003b060: 6865 2071 776f 7264 2028 6569 6768 740a he qword (eight.\n+0003b070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 bytes)\n+0003b080: 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 at OFFSET bytes\n+0003b090: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 into the select\n+0003b0a0: 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 ed SMBIOS struct\n+0003b0b0: 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ure. It. \n+0003b0c0: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 will be forma\n+0003b0d0: 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 tted as an unsig\n+0003b0e0: 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 ned decimal inte\n+0003b0f0: 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 ger.. ...\n+0003b100: 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d When given ...-\n+0003b110: 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 -get-string..., \n+0003b120: 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e return the strin\n+0003b130: 6720 7769 7468 2069 7473 2069 6e64 6578 g with its index\n+0003b140: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f75 6e64 . found\n+0003b150: 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 at OFFSET bytes\n+0003b160: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 into the select\n+0003b170: 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 ed SMBIOS struct\n+0003b180: 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 ure.. ...\n+0003b190: 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d When given ...-\n+0003b1a0: 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 -get-uuid..., re\n+0003b1b0: 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f turn the value o\n+0003b1c0: 6620 7468 6520 5555 4944 2028 7369 7874 f the UUID (sixt\n+0003b1d0: 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 een. by\n+0003b1e0: 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 tes) at OFFSET b\n+0003b1f0: 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 ytes into the se\n+0003b200: 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 lected SMBIOS st\n+0003b210: 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 ructure. It. \n+0003b220: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 will be f\n+0003b230: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 7765 ormatted as lowe\n+0003b240: 722d 6361 7365 2068 7970 6865 6e61 7465 r-case hyphenate\n+0003b250: 6420 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 d hexadecimal di\n+0003b260: 6769 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gits,. \n+0003b270: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 with the first t\n+0003b280: 6872 6565 2066 6965 6c64 7320 6173 206c hree fields as l\n+0003b290: 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 2c20 616e ittle-endian, an\n+0003b2a0: 6420 7468 6520 7265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 d the rest. \n+0003b2b0: 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7974 printed byt\n+0003b2c0: 652d 6279 2d62 7974 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 e-by-byte... \n+0003b2d0: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2061 6374 The default act\n+0003b2e0: 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6f20 7072 696e 7420 ion is to print \n+0003b2f0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the value of the\n+0003b300: 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2066 6965 6c64 requested field\n+0003b310: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e to. the con\n+0003b320: 736f 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6120 7661 7269 sole, but a vari\n+0003b330: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6361 6e20 6265 able name can be\n+0003b340: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 specified with \n+0003b350: e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 746f 0a20 ...--set... to. \n+0003b360: 2020 2020 7374 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7661 store the va\n+0003b370: 6c75 6520 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2070 lue instead of p\n+0003b380: 7269 6e74 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 rinting it... \n+0003b390: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 For example, t\n+0003b3a0: 6869 7320 7769 6c6c 2073 746f 7265 2061 his will store a\n+0003b3b0: 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 nd then display \n+0003b3c0: 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 the system. \n+0003b3d0: 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 2773 206e manufacturer's n\n+0003b3e0: 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame... \n+0003b3f0: 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3120 smbios --type 1 \n+0003b400: 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 2034 202d --get-string 4 -\n+0003b410: 2d73 6574 2073 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 -set system_manu\n+0003b420: 6661 6374 7572 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 facturer. \n+0003b430: 2020 2065 6368 6f20 2473 7973 7465 6d5f echo $system_\n+0003b440: 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 0a0a 1f0a manufacturer....\n+0003b450: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003b460: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2c20 Node: source, \n+0003b470: 204e 6578 743a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5072 Next: test, Pr\n+0003b480: 6576 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 2055 703a ev: smbios, Up:\n+0003b490: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0003b4a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3320 mmands..17.4.73 \n+0003b4b0: 736f 7572 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d source.---------\n+0003b4c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003b4d0: 6e64 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2066 696c 650a nd: source file.\n+0003b4e0: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 4649 4c45 2061 Read FILE a\n+0003b4f0: 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f s a configuratio\n+0003b500: 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6173 2069 6620 6974 n file, as if it\n+0003b510: 7320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2068 6164 2062 s contents had b\n+0003b520: 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 6f72 706f een. incorpo\n+0003b530: 7261 7465 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 rated directly i\n+0003b540: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 736f 7572 6369 6e67 nto the sourcing\n+0003b550: 2066 696c 652e 2020 556e 6c69 6b65 20e2 file. 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EXPRESSIO\n+0003c000: 4e20 e280 9829 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 N ...).... \n+0003c010: 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 EXPRESSION i\n+0003c020: 7320 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9821 s true. ...!\n+0003c030: e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 0a20 ... EXPRESSION. \n+0003c040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 EXPRESS\n+0003c050: 494f 4e20 6973 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 ION is false. \n+0003c060: 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 EXPRESSION1 ..\n+0003c070: 982d 61e2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f .-a... EXPRESSIO\n+0003c080: 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 N2. bot\n+0003c090: 6820 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 616e h EXPRESSION1 an\n+0003c0a0: 6420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 d EXPRESSION2 ar\n+0003c0b0: 6520 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 e true. EXPR\n+0003c0c0: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 4558 5052 4553 5349 ESSION1 EXPRESSI\n+0003c0d0: 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f ON2. bo\n+0003c0e0: 7468 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2061 th EXPRESSION1 a\n+0003c0f0: 6e64 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2061 nd EXPRESSION2 a\n+0003c100: 7265 2074 7275 652e 2020 5468 6973 2073 re true. This s\n+0003c110: 796e 7461 7820 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 yntax is not. \n+0003c120: 2020 2020 2020 2050 4f53 4958 2d63 6f6d POSIX-com\n+0003c130: 706c 6961 6e74 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f pliant and is no\n+0003c140: 7420 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 642e 0a20 t recommended.. \n+0003c150: 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 EXPRESSION1 \n+0003c160: e280 982d 6fe2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 ...-o... EXPRESS\n+0003c170: 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 ION2. e\n+0003c180: 6974 6865 7220 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e ither EXPRESSION\n+0003c190: 3120 6f72 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 1 or EXPRESSION2\n+0003c1a0: 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 is true....File\n+0003c1b0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003c1c0: 6465 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: true, Next:\n+0003c1d0: 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 trust, Prev: t\n+0003c1e0: 6573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e est, Up: Comman\n+0003c1f0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0003c200: 0a31 372e 342e 3735 2074 7275 650a 2d2d .17.4.75 true.--\n+0003c210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003c220: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 650a 2020 Command: true. \n+0003c230: 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2073 Do nothing, s\n+0003c240: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 uccessfully. Th\n+0003c250: 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 is is mainly use\n+0003c260: 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 ful in control. \n+0003c270: 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 constructs s\n+0003c280: 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 uch as ...if... \n+0003c290: 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 and ...while... \n+0003c2a0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b (*note Shell-lik\n+0003c2b0: 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a e scripting::)..\n+0003c2c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003c2d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 7374 fo, Node: trust\n+0003c2e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 , Next: unset, \n+0003c2f0: 2050 7265 763a 2074 7275 652c 2020 5570 Prev: true, Up\n+0003c300: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003c310: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3736 ommands..17.4.76\n+0003c320: 2074 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d trust.---------\n+0003c330: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003c340: 643a 2074 7275 7374 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 d: trust [--skip\n+0003c350: 2d73 6967 5d20 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c -sig] pubkey_fil\n+0003c360: 650a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 7075 626c e. Read publ\n+0003c370: 6963 206b 6579 2066 726f 6d20 5055 424b ic key from PUBK\n+0003c380: 4559 5f46 494c 4520 616e 6420 6164 6420 EY_FILE and add \n+0003c390: 6974 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2773 2069 6e74 it to GRUB's int\n+0003c3a0: 6572 6e61 6c20 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 ernal list. \n+0003c3b0: 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 of trusted publi\n+0003c3c0: 6320 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b c keys. These k\n+0003c3d0: 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 eys are used to \n+0003c3e0: 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2064 6967 6974 616c validate digital\n+0003c3f0: 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 . signatures\n+0003c400: 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e when environmen\n+0003c410: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 t variable ...ch\n+0003c420: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n+0003c430: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 . is set to. \n+0003c440: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 ...enforce.... \n+0003c450: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 6620 e280 Note that if ..\n+0003c460: 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 .check_signature\n+0003c470: 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 s... is set to .\n+0003c480: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 ..enforce.... \n+0003c490: 2020 7768 656e 20e2 8098 7472 7573 74e2 when ...trust.\n+0003c4a0: 8099 2065 7865 6375 7465 732c 2074 6865 .. executes, the\n+0003c4b0: 6e20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 n PUBKEY_FILE mu\n+0003c4c0: 7374 2069 7473 656c 6620 6265 2070 726f st itself be pro\n+0003c4d0: 7065 726c 790a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e65 perly. signe\n+0003c4e0: 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 d. The ...--ski\n+0003c4f0: 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 p-sig... option \n+0003c500: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2064 can be used to d\n+0003c510: 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e isable. sign\n+0003c520: 6174 7572 652d 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2077 ature-checking w\n+0003c530: 6865 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 5055 424b hen reading PUBK\n+0003c540: 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6974 7365 6c66 2e20 EY_FILE itself. \n+0003c550: 2049 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 640a It is expected.\n+0003c560: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 e280 982d 2d73 that ...--s\n+0003c570: 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 kip-sig... is us\n+0003c580: 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2074 6573 7469 6e67 eful for testing\n+0003c590: 2061 6e64 206d 616e 7561 6c20 626f 6f74 and manual boot\n+0003c5a0: 696e 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 ing. *Note. \n+0003c5b0: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+0003c5c0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 ignatures::, for\n+0003c5d0: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more informatio\n+0003c5e0: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+0003c5f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e .info, Node: un\n+0003c600: 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7665 7269 set, Next: veri\n+0003c610: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 5072 fy_detached, Pr\n+0003c620: 6576 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: trust, Up: \n+0003c630: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0003c640: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3737 2075 mands..17.4.77 u\n+0003c650: 6e73 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nset.-----------\n+0003c660: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003c670: 2075 6e73 6574 2065 6e76 7661 720a 2020 unset envvar. \n+0003c680: 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2074 6865 2065 6e76 Unset the env\n+0003c690: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0003c6a0: 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e ENVVAR.....Fil\n+0003c6b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003c6c0: 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 ode: verify_deta\n+0003c6d0: 6368 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2076 6964 ched, Next: vid\n+0003c6e0: 656f 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2075 eoinfo, Prev: u\n+0003c6f0: 6e73 6574 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 nset, Up: Comma\n+0003c700: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0003c710: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3820 7665 7269 6679 ..17.4.78 verify\n+0003c720: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _detached.------\n+0003c730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003c740: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003c750: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 verify_detached \n+0003c760: 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d 2066 696c [--skip-sig] fil\n+0003c770: 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 655f 6669 6c65 e signature_file\n+0003c780: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7075 626b . [pubk\n+0003c790: 6579 5f66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5665 ey_file]. Ve\n+0003c7a0: 7269 6669 6573 2061 2047 5047 2d73 7479 rifies a GPG-sty\n+0003c7b0: 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e le detached sign\n+0003c7c0: 6174 7572 652c 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 ature, where the\n+0003c7d0: 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6669 6c65 2069 730a signed file is.\n+0003c7e0: 2020 2020 2046 494c 452c 2061 6e64 2074 FILE, and t\n+0003c7f0: 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2069 7473 he signature its\n+0003c800: 656c 6620 6973 2069 6e20 6669 6c65 2053 elf is in file S\n+0003c810: 4947 4e41 5455 5245 5f46 494c 452e 0a20 IGNATURE_FILE.. \n+0003c820: 2020 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 Optionally, \n+0003c830: 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 2070 7562 6c69 a specific publi\n+0003c840: 6320 6b65 7920 746f 2075 7365 2063 616e c key to use can\n+0003c850: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7573 be specified us\n+0003c860: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f ing. PUBKEY_\n+0003c870: 4649 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 656e 7669 FILE. When envi\n+0003c880: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0003c890: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n+0003c8a0: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 0a20 ures... is set. \n+0003c8b0: 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 to ...enforc\n+0003c8c0: 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2050 5542 4b45 e..., then PUBKE\n+0003c8d0: 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 7420 6974 7365 Y_FILE must itse\n+0003c8e0: 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2073 lf be properly s\n+0003c8f0: 6967 6e65 6420 6279 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 igned by an. \n+0003c900: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2d74 7275 7374 6564 already-trusted\n+0003c910: 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 756e 7369 676e key. An unsign\n+0003c920: 6564 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2063 ed PUBKEY_FILE c\n+0003c930: 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 790a an be loaded by.\n+0003c940: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 specifying \n+0003c950: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 ...--skip-sig...\n+0003c960: 2e20 2049 6620 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c . If PUBKEY_FIL\n+0003c970: 4520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 E is omitted, th\n+0003c980: 656e 2070 7562 6c69 630a 2020 2020 206b en public. k\n+0003c990: 6579 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 7320 eys from GRUB's \n+0003c9a0: 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2028 2a6e trusted keys (*n\n+0003c9b0: 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 ote list_trusted\n+0003c9c0: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7472 7573 743a ::, *note trust:\n+0003c9d0: 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 :,. and *not\n+0003c9e0: 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2920 6172 e distrust::) ar\n+0003c9f0: 6520 7472 6965 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 e tried... E\n+0003ca00: 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f e280 xit code ...$?..\n+0003ca10: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 . is set to 0 if\n+0003ca20: 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2076 the signature v\n+0003ca30: 616c 6964 6174 6573 2073 7563 6365 7373 alidates success\n+0003ca40: 6675 6c6c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2076 fully.. If v\n+0003ca50: 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c alidation fails,\n+0003ca60: 2069 7420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 it is set to a \n+0003ca70: 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e20 non-zero value. \n+0003ca80: 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 *Note Using. \n+0003ca90: 2020 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 digital signat\n+0003caa0: 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ures::, for more\n+0003cab0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f information....\n+0003cac0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003cad0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e , Node: videoin\n+0003cae0: 666f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2077 726d 7372 fo, Next: wrmsr\n+0003caf0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 6572 6966 795f , Prev: verify_\n+0003cb00: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 detached, Up: C\n+0003cb10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0003cb20: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3920 7669 ands..17.4.79 vi\n+0003cb30: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d deoinfo.--------\n+0003cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003cb50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 ommand: videoinf\n+0003cb60: 6f20 5b5b 5778 485d 7844 5d0a 2020 2020 o [[WxH]xD]. \n+0003cb70: 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 List available \n+0003cb80: 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 video modes. If\n+0003cb90: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 resolution is g\n+0003cba0: 6976 656e 2c20 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 790a iven, show only.\n+0003cbb0: 2020 2020 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 6d6f matching mo\n+0003cbc0: 6465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 des.....File: gr\n+0003cbd0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003cbe0: 7772 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7669 wrmsr, Prev: vi\n+0003cbf0: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f deoinfo, Up: Co\n+0003cc00: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0003cc10: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3830 2077 726d nds..17.4.80 wrm\n+0003cc20: 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sr.-------------\n+0003cc30: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 .. -- Command:: \n+0003cc40: 7772 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 2030 7856 wrmsr 0xADDR 0xV\n+0003cc50: 414c 5545 0a20 2020 2020 5772 6974 6520 ALUE. Write \n+0003cc60: 6120 3078 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2061 206d a 0xVALUE to a m\n+0003cc70: 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 odel-specific re\n+0003cc80: 6769 7374 6572 2061 7420 6164 6472 6573 gister at addres\n+0003cc90: 7320 3078 4144 4452 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 s 0xADDR... \n+0003cca0: 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 Please note that\n+0003ccb0: 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 7374 656d 732c on SMP systems,\n+0003ccc0: 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 4d53 writing to a MS\n+0003ccd0: 5220 7468 6174 2068 6173 2061 2073 636f R that has a sco\n+0003cce0: 7065 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7220 6861 7264 pe. per hard\n+0003ccf0: 7761 7265 2074 6872 6561 642c 2069 6d70 ware thread, imp\n+0003cd00: 6c69 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7661 lies that the va\n+0003cd10: 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 7772 6974 lue that is writ\n+0003cd20: 7465 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6170 ten only. ap\n+0003cd30: 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 plies to the par\n+0003cd40: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 ticular cpu/core\n+0003cd50: 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e /thread that run\n+0003cd60: 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a s the command...\n+0003cd70: 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 796f Also, if yo\n+0003cd80: 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7265 7365 u specify a rese\n+0003cd90: 7276 6564 206f 7220 756e 696d 706c 656d rved or unimplem\n+0003cda0: 656e 7465 6420 4d53 5220 6164 6472 6573 ented MSR addres\n+0003cdb0: 732c 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 s, it. will \n+0003cdc0: 6361 7573 6520 6120 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 cause a general \n+0003cdd0: 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 protection excep\n+0003cde0: 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 6820 6973 206e tion (which is n\n+0003cdf0: 6f74 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 ot currently. \n+0003ce00: 2020 6265 696e 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 being handled)\n+0003ce10: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 and the system \n+0003ce20: 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a 2020 will reboot... \n+0003ce30: 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d Note: The com\n+0003ce40: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f mand is not allo\n+0003ce50: 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 wed when lockdow\n+0003ce60: 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a n is enforced (*\n+0003ce70: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f note. Lockdo\n+0003ce80: 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 wn::). This is \n+0003ce90: 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 done to prevent \n+0003cea0: 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 2076 6172 696f subverting vario\n+0003ceb0: 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 790a 2020 2020 us security. \n+0003cec0: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 732e 0a0a 1f0a mechanisms.....\n+0003ced0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003cee0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 Node: Networki\n+0003cef0: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 ng commands, Ne\n+0003cf00: 7874 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 xt: Undocumented\n+0003cf10: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 commands, Prev\n+0003cf20: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003cf30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ommands, Up: Co\n+0003cf40: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 204e 6574 mmands..17.5 Net\n+0003cf50: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+0003cf60: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+0003cf70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a2a 204d 656e =========..* Men\n+0003cf80: 753a 0a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 u:..* net_add_ad\n+0003cf90: 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dr:: \n+0003cfa0: 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 Add a networ\n+0003cfb0: 6b20 6164 6472 6573 730a 2a20 6e65 745f k address.* net_\n+0003cfc0: 6164 645f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 add_dns:: \n+0003cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 Add a \n+0003cfe0: 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 DNS server.* net\n+0003cff0: 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 _add_route:: \n+0003d000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2072 Add r\n+0003d010: 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e outing entry.* n\n+0003d020: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 et_bootp:: \n+0003d030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 Per\n+0003d040: 666f 726d 2061 2062 6f6f 7470 2f44 4843 form a bootp/DHC\n+0003d050: 5020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 P autoconfigurat\n+0003d060: 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 ion.* net_del_ad\n+0003d070: 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dr:: \n+0003d080: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2049 5020 6164 Remove IP ad\n+0003d090: 6472 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 6e74 6572 dress from inter\n+0003d0a0: 6661 6365 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 face.* net_del_d\n+0003d0b0: 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ns:: \n+0003d0c0: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 444e Remove a DN\n+0003d0d0: 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 S server.* net_d\n+0003d0e0: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 el_route:: \n+0003d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 Remove \n+0003d100: 6120 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 790a 2a20 a route entry.* \n+0003d110: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 net_dhcp:: \n+0003d120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 Pe\n+0003d130: 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 4448 4350 2061 7574 rform a DHCP aut\n+0003d140: 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a oconfiguration.*\n+0003d150: 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 net_get_dhcp_op\n+0003d160: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 tion:: R\n+0003d170: 6574 7269 6576 6520 4448 4350 206f 7074 etrieve DHCP opt\n+0003d180: 696f 6e73 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f ions.* net_ipv6_\n+0003d190: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 autoconf:: \n+0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 Perform IPv\n+0003d1b0: 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 6 autoconfigurat\n+0003d1c0: 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 ion.* net_ls_add\n+0003d1d0: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n+0003d1e0: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2069 6e74 6572 6661 List interfa\n+0003d1f0: 6365 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 ces.* net_ls_car\n+0003d200: 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ds:: \n+0003d210: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206e 6574 776f 726b List network\n+0003d220: 2063 6172 6473 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f cards.* net_ls_\n+0003d230: 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dns:: \n+0003d240: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 444e 5320 List DNS \n+0003d250: 7365 7276 6572 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 servers.* net_ls\n+0003d260: 5f72 6f75 7465 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _routes:: \n+0003d270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 List rou\n+0003d280: 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 206e ting entries.* n\n+0003d290: 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a 3a20 2020 et_nslookup:: \n+0003d2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 Per\n+0003d2b0: 666f 726d 2061 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 form a DNS looku\n+0003d2c0: 700a 2a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e p.* net_set_vlan\n+0003d2d0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d2e0: 2020 5365 7420 766c 616e 2069 6420 6f6e Set vlan id on\n+0003d2f0: 2061 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a1f an interface...\n+0003d300: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003d310: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 , Node: net_add\n+0003d320: 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 _addr, Next: ne\n+0003d330: 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 t_add_dns, Up: \n+0003d340: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003d350: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3120 6e65 745f nds..17.5.1 net_\n+0003d360: 6164 645f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d add_addr.-------\n+0003d370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003d380: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 - Command: net_a\n+0003d390: 6464 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 4143 dd_addr INTERFAC\n+0003d3a0: 4520 4341 5244 2041 4444 5245 5353 0a20 E CARD ADDRESS. \n+0003d3b0: 2020 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 6164 Configure ad\n+0003d3c0: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206e 6574 776f 726b ditional network\n+0003d3d0: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2077 6974 6820 INTERFACE with \n+0003d3e0: 4144 4452 4553 5320 6f6e 2061 206e 6574 ADDRESS on a net\n+0003d3f0: 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 work. CARD. \n+0003d400: 2041 4444 5245 5353 2063 616e 2062 6520 ADDRESS can be \n+0003d410: 6569 7468 6572 2049 5020 696e 2064 6f74 either IP in dot\n+0003d420: 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6e6f 7461 ted decimal nota\n+0003d430: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7379 tion, or. sy\n+0003d440: 6d62 6f6c 6963 206e 616d 6520 7768 6963 mbolic name whic\n+0003d450: 6820 6973 2072 6573 6f6c 7665 6420 7573 h is resolved us\n+0003d460: 696e 6720 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 ing DNS lookup. \n+0003d470: 2049 6620 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2c0a If successful,.\n+0003d480: 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e this comman\n+0003d490: 6420 616c 736f 2061 6464 7320 6c6f 6361 d also adds loca\n+0003d4a0: 6c20 6c69 6e6b 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 l link routing e\n+0003d4b0: 6e74 7279 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 6661 ntry to the defa\n+0003d4c0: 756c 740a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6e65 7420 ult. subnet \n+0003d4d0: 6f66 2041 4444 5245 5353 2077 6974 6820 of ADDRESS with \n+0003d4e0: 6e61 6d65 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 e280 name INTERFACE..\n+0003d4f0: 983a 6c6f 6361 6ce2 8099 2076 6961 2049 .:local... via I\n+0003d500: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c NTERFACE.....Fil\n+0003d510: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003d520: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 ode: net_add_dns\n+0003d530: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 , Next: net_add\n+0003d540: 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e _route, Prev: n\n+0003d550: 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 et_add_addr, Up\n+0003d560: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+0003d570: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3220 6e65 mands..17.5.2 ne\n+0003d580: 745f 6164 645f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_add_dns.------\n+0003d590: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003d5a0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 - Command: net_a\n+0003d5b0: 6464 5f64 6e73 2053 4552 5645 520a 2020 dd_dns SERVER. \n+0003d5c0: 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2053 4552 5645 Resolve SERVE\n+0003d5d0: 5220 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 R IP address and\n+0003d5e0: 2061 6464 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 add to the list\n+0003d5f0: 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 7320 of DNS servers \n+0003d600: 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 used. during\n+0003d610: 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f name lookup....\n+0003d620: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003d630: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 , Node: net_add\n+0003d640: 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e _route, Next: n\n+0003d650: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2050 7265 763a et_bootp, Prev:\n+0003d660: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 net_add_dns, U\n+0003d670: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n+0003d680: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e33 206e mmands..17.5.3 n\n+0003d690: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d et_add_route.---\n+0003d6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003d6b0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003d6c0: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 6520 5348 net_add_route SH\n+0003d6d0: 4f52 544e 414d 4520 4950 5b2f 5052 4546 ORTNAME IP[/PREF\n+0003d6e0: 4958 5d20 5b49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 207c IX] [INTERFACE |\n+0003d6f0: 2067 770a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4741 gw. GA\n+0003d700: 5445 5741 595d 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6420 TEWAY]. Add \n+0003d710: 726f 7574 6520 746f 206e 6574 776f 726b route to network\n+0003d720: 2077 6974 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 4950 with address IP\n+0003d730: 2061 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 2062 7920 as modified by \n+0003d740: 5052 4546 4958 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 PREFIX via. \n+0003d750: 6569 7468 6572 206c 6f63 616c 2049 4e54 either local INT\n+0003d760: 4552 4641 4345 206f 7220 4741 5445 5741 ERFACE or GATEWA\n+0003d770: 592e 2020 5052 4546 4958 2069 7320 6f70 Y. PREFIX is op\n+0003d780: 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 6175 tional and defau\n+0003d790: 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 3332 2066 lts. to 32 f\n+0003d7a0: 6f72 2049 5076 3420 6164 6472 6573 7320 or IPv4 address \n+0003d7b0: 616e 6420 3132 3820 666f 7220 4950 7636 and 128 for IPv6\n+0003d7c0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6f75 7465 address. Route\n+0003d7d0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 is. identif\n+0003d7e0: 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 ied by SHORTNAME\n+0003d7f0: 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 which can be us\n+0003d800: 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 2069 7420 ed to remove it \n+0003d810: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 745f (*note. net_\n+0003d820: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f del_route::)....\n+0003d830: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003d840: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f , Node: net_boo\n+0003d850: 7470 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 tp, Next: net_d\n+0003d860: 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 el_addr, Prev: \n+0003d870: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 net_add_route, \n+0003d880: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+0003d890: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3420 ommands..17.5.4 \n+0003d8a0: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d net_bootp.------\n+0003d8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003d8c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f Command: net_boo\n+0003d8d0: 7470 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 tp [CARD]. A\n+0003d8e0: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 206e 6574 5f64 6863 lias for net_dhc\n+0003d8f0: 702c 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 p, for compatibi\n+0003d900: 6c69 7479 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 lity with older \n+0003d910: 4772 7562 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 732e 0a20 Grub versions.. \n+0003d920: 2020 2020 5769 6c6c 2070 6572 666f 726d Will perform\n+0003d930: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 4448 4350 2068 the same DHCP h\n+0003d940: 616e 6473 6861 6b65 2077 6974 6820 706f andshake with po\n+0003d950: 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b tential fallback\n+0003d960: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2042 4f4f 5450 2061 to. BOOTP a\n+0003d970: 7320 7468 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2063 s the net_dhcp c\n+0003d980: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 ommand (*note ne\n+0003d990: 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 t_dhcp::).....Fi\n+0003d9a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003d9b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 Node: net_del_ad\n+0003d9c0: 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 dr, Next: net_d\n+0003d9d0: 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e el_dns, Prev: n\n+0003d9e0: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2055 703a 204e et_bootp, Up: N\n+0003d9f0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003da00: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e35 206e 6574 5f64 ds..17.5.5 net_d\n+0003da10: 656c 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d el_addr.--------\n+0003da20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003da30: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 Command: net_de\n+0003da40: 6c5f 6164 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 l_addr INTERFACE\n+0003da50: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2063 6f6e . Remove con\n+0003da60: 6669 6775 7265 6420 494e 5445 5246 4143 figured INTERFAC\n+0003da70: 4520 7769 7468 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 E with associate\n+0003da80: 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 d address.....Fi\n+0003da90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003daa0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e Node: net_del_dn\n+0003dab0: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 s, Next: net_de\n+0003dac0: 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 l_route, Prev: \n+0003dad0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 net_del_addr, U\n+0003dae0: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n+0003daf0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e36 206e mmands..17.5.6 n\n+0003db00: 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d et_del_dns.-----\n+0003db10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003db20: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n+0003db30: 6465 6c5f 646e 7320 4144 4452 4553 530a del_dns ADDRESS.\n+0003db40: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4144 4452 Remove ADDR\n+0003db50: 4553 5320 6672 6f6d 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ESS from list of\n+0003db60: 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 6475 servers used du\n+0003db70: 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 ring name lookup\n+0003db80: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003db90: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003dba0: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e 6578 _del_route, Nex\n+0003dbb0: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 5072 t: net_dhcp, Pr\n+0003dbc0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c ev: net_del_dns,\n+0003dbd0: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003dbe0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003dbf0: 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 650a 7 net_del_route.\n 0003dc00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003dc10: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003dc20: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 484f et_del_route SHO\n-0003dc30: 5254 4e41 4d45 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f RTNAME. Remo\n-0003dc40: 7665 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2069 ve route entry i\n-0003dc50: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f dentified by SHO\n-0003dc60: 5254 4e41 4d45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a RTNAME.....File:\n-0003dc70: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003dc80: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 4e65 e: net_dhcp, Ne\n-0003dc90: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 xt: net_get_dhcp\n-0003dca0: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _option, Prev: \n-0003dcb0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 net_del_route, \n-0003dcc0: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n-0003dcd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3820 ommands..17.5.8 \n-0003dce0: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d net_dhcp.-------\n-0003dcf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003dd00: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 mmand: net_dhcp \n-0003dd10: 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 [CARD]. Perf\n-0003dd20: 6f72 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f orm configuratio\n-0003dd30: 6e20 6f66 2043 4152 4420 7573 696e 6720 n of CARD using \n-0003dd40: 4448 4350 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 DHCP protocol. \n-0003dd50: 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 206e 616d 650a If no card name.\n-0003dd60: 2020 2020 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 is specifie\n-0003dd70: 642c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 d, try to config\n-0003dd80: 7572 6520 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 ure all existing\n-0003dd90: 2063 6172 6473 2e20 2046 616c 6c73 2062 cards. Falls b\n-0003dda0: 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ack to. the \n-0003ddb0: 424f 4f54 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 BOOTP protocol, \n-0003ddc0: 6966 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 4966 2063 if needed. If c\n-0003ddd0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 onfiguration was\n-0003dde0: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 successful,. \n-0003ddf0: 2020 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 interface with\n-0003de00: 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 name CARD...:dh\n-0003de10: 6370 e280 9920 616e 6420 636f 6e66 6967 cp... and config\n-0003de20: 7572 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 ured address is \n-0003de30: 6164 6465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 4341 added to. CA\n-0003de40: 5244 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c RD. Additionall\n-0003de50: 7920 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 y the following \n-0003de60: 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 DHCP options are\n-0003de70: 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 616e 640a recognized and.\n-0003de80: 2020 2020 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 3a0a processed:.\n-0003de90: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 2028 5375 626e . ...1 (Subn\n-0003dea0: 6574 204d 6173 6b29 e280 990a 2020 2020 et Mask).... \n-0003deb0: 2020 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 6361 Used to ca\n-0003dec0: 6c63 756c 6174 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 lculate network \n-0003ded0: 6c6f 6361 6c20 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e local routing en\n-0003dee0: 7472 7920 666f 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 try for interfac\n-0003def0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4341 5244 e. CARD\n-0003df00: e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 992e 0a20 2020 ...:dhcp..... \n-0003df10: 2020 e280 9833 2028 526f 7574 6572 29e2 ...3 (Router).\n-0003df20: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 ... Add\n-0003df30: 7320 6465 6661 756c 7420 726f 7574 6520 s default route \n-0003df40: 656e 7472 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 206e entry with the n\n-0003df50: 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 ame CARD...:dhcp\n-0003df60: 3a64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 7669 610a :default... via.\n-0003df70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6761 7465 7761 gatewa\n-0003df80: 7920 6672 6f6d 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 y from DHCP opti\n-0003df90: 6f6e 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f on. Note that o\n-0003dfa0: 6e6c 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 nly option with \n-0003dfb0: 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 single. \n-0003dfc0: 2072 6f75 7465 2069 7320 6163 6365 7074 route is accept\n-0003dfd0: 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3620 2844 ed.. ...6 (D\n-0003dfe0: 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 2053 6572 7665 omain Name Serve\n-0003dff0: 7229 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r).... \n-0003e000: 4164 6473 2061 6c6c 2073 6572 7665 7273 Adds all servers\n-0003e010: 2066 726f 6d20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2076 616c from option val\n-0003e020: 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f ue to the list o\n-0003e030: 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 f servers used. \n-0003e040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 during \n-0003e050: 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e2e name resolution.\n-0003e060: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3220 2848 6f73 . ...12 (Hos\n-0003e070: 7420 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 t Name).... \n-0003e080: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f Sets enviro\n-0003e090: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n-0003e0a0: 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 ..net_....\n-0003e0b0: 8098 5f64 6863 705f 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 .._dhcp_hostname\n-0003e0c0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ... (*note. \n-0003e0d0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 net__hostname::)\n-0003e0f0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 to the value of\n-0003e100: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 option.. ..\n-0003e110: 9831 3520 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 .15 (Domain Name\n-0003e120: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ).... S\n-0003e130: 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ets environment \n-0003e140: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f variable ...net_\n-0003e150: e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 ......_dhc\n-0003e160: 705f 646f 6d61 696e e280 9920 282a 6e6f p_domain... (*no\n-0003e170: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 te. net\n-0003e180: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n-0003e190: 6169 6e3a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 ain::) to the va\n-0003e1a0: 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 lue of option.. \n-0003e1b0: 2020 2020 e280 9831 3720 2852 6f6f 7420 ...17 (Root \n-0003e1c0: 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Path).... \n-0003e1d0: 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Sets environm\n-0003e1e0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n-0003e1f0: 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 net_......\n-0003e200: 5f64 6863 705f 726f 6f74 7061 7468 e280 _dhcp_rootpath..\n-0003e210: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 . (*note. \n-0003e220: 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 net__rootpath::) t\n-0003e240: 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f o the value of o\n-0003e250: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 ption.. ...1\n-0003e260: 3820 2845 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 5061 8 (Extensions Pa\n-0003e270: 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 th).... \n-0003e280: 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Sets environmen\n-0003e290: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 t variable ...ne\n-0003e2a0: 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 t_......_d\n-0003e2b0: 6863 705f 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 hcp_extensionspa\n-0003e2c0: 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th.... \n-0003e2d0: 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 (*note net__extension\n-0003e2f0: 7370 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 spath::) to the \n-0003e300: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 value of. \n-0003e310: 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 option.. \n-0003e320: e280 9836 3620 2854 4654 5020 5365 7276 ...66 (TFTP Serv\n-0003e330: 6572 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 er Name).... \n-0003e340: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 Sets envir\n-0003e350: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-0003e360: e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e ...net_...\n-0003e370: e280 985f 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f ..._dhcp_server_\n-0003e380: 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 name.... \n-0003e390: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e (*note net__dhcp_se\n-0003e3b0: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 rver_name::) to \n-0003e3c0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 the value of. \n-0003e3d0: 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 option.. \n-0003e3e0: 2020 2020 e280 9836 3720 2846 696c 656e ...67 (Filen\n-0003e3f0: 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame).... \n-0003e400: 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Sets environme\n-0003e410: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e nt variable ...n\n-0003e420: 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f et_......_\n-0003e430: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e boot_file... (*n\n-0003e440: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ote. ne\n-0003e450: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n-0003e460: 6f74 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 ot_file::) to th\n-0003e470: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f e value of optio\n-0003e480: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-0003e490: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-0003e4a0: 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f t_get_dhcp_optio\n-0003e4b0: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 n, Next: net_ip\n-0003e4c0: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5072 v6_autoconf, Pr\n-0003e4d0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2055 ev: net_dhcp, U\n-0003e4e0: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n-0003e4f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e39 206e mmands..17.5.9 n\n-0003e500: 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 et_get_dhcp_opti\n-0003e510: 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d on.-------------\n-0003e520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003e530: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003e540: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e20 get_dhcp_option \n-0003e550: 5641 5220 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 4e55 VAR INTERFACE NU\n-0003e560: 4d42 4552 2054 5950 450a 2020 2020 2052 MBER TYPE. R\n-0003e570: 6571 7565 7374 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 equest DHCP opti\n-0003e580: 6f6e 204e 554d 4245 5220 6f66 2054 5950 on NUMBER of TYP\n-0003e590: 4520 7669 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e E via INTERFACE.\n-0003e5a0: 2020 5459 5045 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f6e TYPE can be on\n-0003e5b0: 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 9873 7472 e. of ...str\n-0003e5c0: 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 756d 6265 ing..., ...numbe\n-0003e5d0: 72e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6578 e280 r... or ...hex..\n-0003e5e0: 992e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 .. If option is\n-0003e5f0: 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6173 7369 676e 2069 found, assign i\n-0003e600: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6520 746f ts. value to\n-0003e610: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 variable VAR. \n-0003e620: 5661 6c75 6573 206f 6620 7479 7065 7320 Values of types \n-0003e630: e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 2061 6e64 ...number... and\n-0003e640: 20e2 8098 6865 78e2 8099 2061 7265 0a20 ...hex... are. \n-0003e650: 2020 2020 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f converted to\n-0003e660: 2073 7472 696e 6720 7265 7072 6573 656e string represen\n-0003e670: 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a tation.....File:\n-0003e680: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003e690: 653a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f e: net_ipv6_auto\n-0003e6a0: 636f 6e66 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 conf, Next: net\n-0003e6b0: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a _ls_addr, Prev:\n-0003e6c0: 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 net_get_dhcp_op\n-0003e6d0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f tion, Up: Netwo\n-0003e6e0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-0003e6f0: 3137 2e35 2e31 3020 6e65 745f 6970 7636 17.5.10 net_ipv6\n-0003e700: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 660a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _autoconf.------\n+0003dc10: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003dc20: 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 d: net_del_route\n+0003dc30: 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 0a20 2020 2020 SHORTNAME. \n+0003dc40: 5265 6d6f 7665 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 Remove route ent\n+0003dc50: 7279 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 ry identified by\n+0003dc60: 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 SHORTNAME.....F\n+0003dc70: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003dc80: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c Node: net_dhcp,\n+0003dc90: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f Next: net_get_\n+0003dca0: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 dhcp_option, Pr\n+0003dcb0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 ev: net_del_rout\n+0003dcc0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 e, Up: Networki\n+0003dcd0: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n+0003dce0: 352e 3820 6e65 745f 6468 6370 0a2d 2d2d 5.8 net_dhcp.---\n+0003dcf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003dd00: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 - Command: net_d\n+0003dd10: 6863 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 hcp [CARD]. \n+0003dd20: 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Perform configur\n+0003dd30: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2043 4152 4420 7573 ation of CARD us\n+0003dd40: 696e 6720 4448 4350 2070 726f 746f 636f ing DHCP protoco\n+0003dd50: 6c2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 206e l. If no card n\n+0003dd60: 616d 650a 2020 2020 2069 7320 7370 6563 ame. is spec\n+0003dd70: 6966 6965 642c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 636f ified, try to co\n+0003dd80: 6e66 6967 7572 6520 616c 6c20 6578 6973 nfigure all exis\n+0003dd90: 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 2e20 2046 616c ting cards. Fal\n+0003dda0: 6c73 2062 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ls back to. \n+0003ddb0: 7468 6520 424f 4f54 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 the BOOTP protoc\n+0003ddc0: 6f6c 2c20 6966 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 ol, if needed. \n+0003ddd0: 4966 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e If configuration\n+0003dde0: 2077 6173 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2c was successful,\n+0003ddf0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 . interface \n+0003de00: 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 with name CARD..\n+0003de10: 983a 6468 6370 e280 9920 616e 6420 636f .:dhcp... and co\n+0003de20: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 nfigured address\n+0003de30: 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 is added to. \n+0003de40: 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f CARD. Additio\n+0003de50: 6e61 6c6c 7920 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 nally the follow\n+0003de60: 696e 6720 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ing DHCP options\n+0003de70: 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 are recognized \n+0003de80: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6365 7373 and. process\n+0003de90: 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 2028 ed:.. ...1 (\n+0003dea0: 5375 626e 6574 204d 6173 6b29 e280 990a Subnet Mask)....\n+0003deb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 Used t\n+0003dec0: 6f20 6361 6c63 756c 6174 6520 6e65 7477 o calculate netw\n+0003ded0: 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 726f 7574 696e ork local routin\n+0003dee0: 6720 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 696e 7465 g entry for inte\n+0003def0: 7266 6163 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rface. \n+0003df00: 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 992e CARD...:dhcp....\n+0003df10: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9833 2028 526f 7574 . ...3 (Rout\n+0003df20: 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 er).... \n+0003df30: 2041 6464 7320 6465 6661 756c 7420 726f Adds default ro\n+0003df40: 7574 6520 656e 7472 7920 7769 7468 2074 ute entry with t\n+0003df50: 6865 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a he name CARD...:\n+0003df60: 6468 6370 3a64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 dhcp:default... \n+0003df70: 7669 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6761 via. ga\n+0003df80: 7465 7761 7920 6672 6f6d 2044 4843 5020 teway from DHCP \n+0003df90: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 option. Note th\n+0003dfa0: 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 at only option w\n+0003dfb0: 6974 6820 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 ith single. \n+0003dfc0: 2020 2020 2072 6f75 7465 2069 7320 6163 route is ac\n+0003dfd0: 6365 7074 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 cepted.. ...\n+0003dfe0: 3620 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 2053 6 (Domain Name S\n+0003dff0: 6572 7665 7229 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 erver).... \n+0003e000: 2020 2020 4164 6473 2061 6c6c 2073 6572 Adds all ser\n+0003e010: 7665 7273 2066 726f 6d20 6f70 7469 6f6e vers from option\n+0003e020: 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 value to the li\n+0003e030: 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 st of servers us\n+0003e040: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7572 ed. dur\n+0003e050: 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 ing name resolut\n+0003e060: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3220 ion.. ...12 \n+0003e070: 2848 6f73 7420 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 (Host Name).... \n+0003e080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e Sets en\n+0003e090: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0003e0a0: 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 le ...net_......_dhcp_host\n+0003e0c0: 6e61 6d65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 name... (*note. \n+0003e0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e net__hostnam\n+0003e0f0: 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 e::) to the valu\n+0003e100: 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e of option.. \n+0003e110: 2020 e280 9831 3520 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 ...15 (Domain \n+0003e120: 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Name).... \n+0003e130: 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Sets environm\n+0003e140: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n+0003e150: 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 net_......\n+0003e160: 5f64 6863 705f 646f 6d61 696e e280 9920 _dhcp_domain... \n+0003e170: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*note. \n+0003e180: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+0003e190: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6e3a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 _domain::) to th\n+0003e1a0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f e value of optio\n+0003e1b0: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3720 2852 n.. ...17 (R\n+0003e1c0: 6f6f 7420 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 oot Path).... \n+0003e1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 Sets envi\n+0003e1e0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0003e1f0: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 ...net_......_dhcp_rootpa\n+0003e210: 7468 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 th... (*note. \n+0003e220: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 net__rootpath:\n+0003e240: 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 :) to the value \n+0003e250: 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 of option.. \n+0003e260: e280 9831 3820 2845 7874 656e 7369 6f6e ...18 (Extension\n+0003e270: 7320 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 s Path).... \n+0003e280: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f Sets enviro\n+0003e290: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n+0003e2a0: 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 ..net_....\n+0003e2b0: 8098 5f64 6863 705f 6578 7465 6e73 696f .._dhcp_extensio\n+0003e2c0: 6e73 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 nspath.... \n+0003e2d0: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c (*note net_<\n+0003e2e0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 656e INTERFACE>_exten\n+0003e2f0: 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 sionspath::) to \n+0003e300: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 the value of. \n+0003e310: 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 option.. \n+0003e320: 2020 2020 e280 9836 3620 2854 4654 5020 ...66 (TFTP \n+0003e330: 5365 7276 6572 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a Server Name)....\n+0003e340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 Sets e\n+0003e350: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0003e360: 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 ble ...net_......_dhcp_ser\n+0003e380: 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 ver_name.... \n+0003e390: 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 (*note net\n+0003e3a0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 __dhc\n+0003e3b0: 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 653a 3a29 p_server_name::)\n+0003e3c0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 to the value of\n+0003e3d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f . optio\n+0003e3e0: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 3720 2846 n.. ...67 (F\n+0003e3f0: 696c 656e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 ilename).... \n+0003e400: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 Sets envir\n+0003e410: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+0003e420: e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e ...net_...\n+0003e430: e280 985f 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 ..._boot_file...\n+0003e440: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*note. \n+0003e450: 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 net__boot_file::) t\n+0003e470: 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f o the value of o\n+0003e480: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ption.....File: \n+0003e490: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003e4a0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f : net_get_dhcp_o\n+0003e4b0: 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 ption, Next: ne\n+0003e4c0: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c t_ipv6_autoconf,\n+0003e4d0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 Prev: net_dhcp\n+0003e4e0: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003e4f0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003e500: 2e39 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f .9 net_get_dhcp_\n+0003e510: 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d option.---------\n+0003e520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003e530: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003e540: 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 net_get_dhcp_opt\n+0003e550: 696f 6e20 5641 5220 494e 5445 5246 4143 ion VAR INTERFAC\n+0003e560: 4520 4e55 4d42 4552 2054 5950 450a 2020 E NUMBER TYPE. \n+0003e570: 2020 2052 6571 7565 7374 2044 4843 5020 Request DHCP \n+0003e580: 6f70 7469 6f6e 204e 554d 4245 5220 6f66 option NUMBER of\n+0003e590: 2054 5950 4520 7669 6120 494e 5445 5246 TYPE via INTERF\n+0003e5a0: 4143 452e 2020 5459 5045 2063 616e 2062 ACE. TYPE can b\n+0003e5b0: 6520 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 e one. of ..\n+0003e5c0: 9873 7472 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e .string..., ...n\n+0003e5d0: 756d 6265 72e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 umber... or ...h\n+0003e5e0: 6578 e280 992e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f ex.... If optio\n+0003e5f0: 6e20 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6173 7369 n is found, assi\n+0003e600: 676e 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 gn its. valu\n+0003e610: 6520 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 e to variable VA\n+0003e620: 522e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206f 6620 7479 R. Values of ty\n+0003e630: 7065 7320 e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 pes ...number...\n+0003e640: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6865 78e2 8099 2061 and ...hex... a\n+0003e650: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 6572 7465 re. converte\n+0003e660: 6420 746f 2073 7472 696e 6720 7265 7072 d to string repr\n+0003e670: 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 esentation.....F\n+0003e680: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003e690: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f Node: net_ipv6_\n+0003e6a0: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 204e 6578 743a autoconf, Next:\n+0003e6b0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 net_ls_addr, P\n+0003e6c0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 rev: net_get_dhc\n+0003e6d0: 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 204e p_option, Up: N\n+0003e6e0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003e6f0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3020 6e65 745f ds..17.5.10 net_\n+0003e700: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 660a 2d2d ipv6_autoconf.--\n 0003e710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e720: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003e730: 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 : net_ipv6_autoc\n-0003e740: 6f6e 6620 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 onf [CARD]. \n-0003e750: 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 Perform IPv6 aut\n-0003e760: 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2062 oconfiguration b\n-0003e770: 7920 6164 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 y adding to the \n-0003e780: 4341 5244 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2077 CARD interface w\n-0003e790: 6974 680a 2020 2020 206e 616d 6520 4341 ith. name CA\n-0003e7a0: 5244 e280 983a 6c69 6e6b e280 9920 616e RD...:link... an\n-0003e7b0: 6420 6c69 6e6b 206c 6f63 616c 204d 4143 d link local MAC\n-0003e7c0: 2d62 6173 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 -based address. \n-0003e7d0: 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 6973 0a20 If no card is. \n-0003e7e0: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2070 specified, p\n-0003e7f0: 6572 666f 726d 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 erform autoconfi\n-0003e800: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c guration for all\n-0003e810: 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e existing cards.\n-0003e820: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003e830: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003e840: 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ls_addr, Next: \n-0003e850: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2050 net_ls_cards, P\n-0003e860: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 rev: net_ipv6_au\n-0003e870: 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 toconf, Up: Net\n-0003e880: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-0003e890: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3120 6e65 745f 6c73 ..17.5.11 net_ls\n-0003e8a0: 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _addr.----------\n-0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003e8c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 ommand: net_ls_a\n-0003e8d0: 6464 720a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c ddr. List al\n-0003e8e0: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2069 6e74 l configured int\n-0003e8f0: 6572 6661 6365 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 erfaces with the\n-0003e900: 6972 204d 4143 2061 6e64 2049 5020 6164 ir MAC and IP ad\n-0003e910: 6472 6573 7365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 dresses.....File\n-0003e920: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003e930: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 de: net_ls_cards\n-0003e940: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Next: net_ls_\n-0003e950: 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f dns, Prev: net_\n-0003e960: 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 ls_addr, Up: Ne\n-0003e970: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003e980: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3132 206e 6574 5f6c s..17.5.12 net_l\n-0003e990: 735f 6361 7264 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s_cards.--------\n-0003e9a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003e9b0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c - Command: net_l\n-0003e9c0: 735f 6361 7264 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 s_cards. Lis\n-0003e9d0: 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 6564 206e t all detected n\n-0003e9e0: 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 2077 6974 etwork cards wit\n-0003e9f0: 6820 7468 6569 7220 4d41 4320 6164 6472 h their MAC addr\n-0003ea00: 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ess.....File: gr\n-0003ea10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003ea20: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 net_ls_dns, Nex\n-0003ea30: 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 t: net_ls_routes\n-0003ea40: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Prev: net_ls_\n-0003ea50: 6361 7264 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 cards, Up: Netw\n-0003ea60: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003ea70: 0a31 372e 352e 3133 206e 6574 5f6c 735f .17.5.13 net_ls_\n-0003ea80: 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dns.------------\n-0003ea90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003eaa0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a and: net_ls_dns.\n-0003eab0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6164 6472 6573 List addres\n-0003eac0: 7365 7320 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 ses of DNS serve\n-0003ead0: 7273 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e rs used during n\n-0003eae0: 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ame lookup.....F\n-0003eaf0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003eb00: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f Node: net_ls_ro\n-0003eb10: 7574 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 utes, Next: net\n-0003eb20: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 5072 6576 _nslookup, Prev\n-0003eb30: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 : net_ls_dns, U\n-0003eb40: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n-0003eb50: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3420 mmands..17.5.14 \n-0003eb60: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2d2d net_ls_routes.--\n-0003eb70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003eb80: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003eb90: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a : net_ls_routes.\n-0003eba0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 726f 7574 696e List routin\n-0003ebb0: 6720 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 g entries.....Fi\n-0003ebc0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003ebd0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b Node: net_nslook\n-0003ebe0: 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f73 up, Next: net_s\n-0003ebf0: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 et_vlan, Prev: \n-0003ec00: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 net_ls_routes, \n-0003ec10: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n-0003ec20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3135 ommands..17.5.15\n-0003ec30: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d net_nslookup.--\n-0003ec40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ec50: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003ec60: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 net_nslookup NA\n-0003ec70: 4d45 205b 5345 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 ME [SERVER]. \n-0003ec80: 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2061 6464 7265 7373 Resolve address\n-0003ec90: 206f 6620 4e41 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 2044 of NAME using D\n-0003eca0: 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7220 5345 5256 4552 NS server SERVER\n-0003ecb0: 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 7220 . If no server \n-0003ecc0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 is. given, u\n-0003ecd0: 7365 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6973 7420 se default list \n-0003ece0: 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 of servers.....F\n-0003ecf0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003ed00: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 Node: net_set_v\n-0003ed10: 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f lan, Prev: net_\n-0003ed20: 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2055 703a 204e nslookup, Up: N\n-0003ed30: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003ed40: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3620 6e65 745f ds..17.5.16 net_\n-0003ed50: 7365 745f 766c 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d set_vlan.-------\n-0003ed60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003ed70: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003ed80: 7365 745f 766c 616e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 set_vlan INTERFA\n-0003ed90: 4345 2056 4c41 4e49 440a 2020 2020 2053 CE VLANID. S\n-0003eda0: 6574 2074 6865 2038 3032 2e31 5120 564c et the 802.1Q VL\n-0003edb0: 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e AN identifier on\n-0003edc0: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2074 6f20 564c INTERFACE to VL\n-0003edd0: 414e 4944 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 ANID. For. \n-0003ede0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 6f20 7365 7420 example, to set \n-0003edf0: 7468 6520 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 the VLAN identif\n-0003ee00: 6965 7220 6f6e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 ier on interface\n-0003ee10: 20e2 8098 6566 696e 6574 31e2 8099 2074 ...efinet1... t\n-0003ee20: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3130 30e2 8099 o. ...100...\n-0003ee30: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 :.. net\n-0003ee40: 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 _set_vlan efinet\n-0003ee50: 3120 3130 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 1 100.. The \n-0003ee60: 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 VLAN identifier \n-0003ee70: 6361 6e20 6265 2072 656d 6f76 6564 2062 can be removed b\n-0003ee80: 7920 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 2074 6f20 y setting it to \n-0003ee90: e280 9830 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ...0...:.. \n-0003eea0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e net_set_vlan\n-0003eeb0: 2065 6669 6e65 7431 2030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 efinet1 0....Fi\n-0003eec0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003eed0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 Node: Undocument\n-0003eee0: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 ed commands, Pr\n-0003eef0: 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 ev: Networking c\n-0003ef00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ommands, Up: Co\n-0003ef10: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e36 2043 6f6d mmands..17.6 Com\n-0003ef20: 6d61 6e64 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 mands currently \n-0003ef30: 756e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 0a3d 3d3d undocumented.===\n-0003ef40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0003e720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003e730: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 mand: net_ipv6_a\n+0003e740: 7574 6f63 6f6e 6620 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 utoconf [CARD]. \n+0003e750: 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 Perform IPv6\n+0003e760: 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 autoconfigurati\n+0003e770: 6f6e 2062 7920 6164 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 on by adding to \n+0003e780: 7468 6520 4341 5244 2069 6e74 6572 6661 the CARD interfa\n+0003e790: 6365 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 206e 616d ce with. nam\n+0003e7a0: 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6c69 6e6b e280 e CARD...:link..\n+0003e7b0: 9920 616e 6420 6c69 6e6b 206c 6f63 616c . and link local\n+0003e7c0: 204d 4143 2d62 6173 6564 2061 6464 7265 MAC-based addre\n+0003e7d0: 7373 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 ss. If no card \n+0003e7e0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 is. specifie\n+0003e7f0: 642c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 7574 6f63 d, perform autoc\n+0003e800: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 onfiguration for\n+0003e810: 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6361 all existing ca\n+0003e820: 7264 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 rds.....File: gr\n+0003e830: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003e840: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 net_ls_addr, Ne\n+0003e850: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 xt: net_ls_cards\n+0003e860: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 , Prev: net_ipv\n+0003e870: 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 2055 703a 6_autoconf, Up:\n+0003e880: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0003e890: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3120 6e65 ands..17.5.11 ne\n+0003e8a0: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_ls_addr.------\n+0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003e8c0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n+0003e8d0: 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2020 2020 204c 6973 ls_addr. Lis\n+0003e8e0: 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 t all configured\n+0003e8f0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7320 7769 7468 interfaces with\n+0003e900: 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 6e64 2049 their MAC and I\n+0003e910: 5020 6164 6472 6573 7365 732e 0a0a 1f0a P addresses.....\n+0003e920: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003e930: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 Node: net_ls_c\n+0003e940: 6172 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 ards, Next: net\n+0003e950: 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _ls_dns, Prev: \n+0003e960: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 net_ls_addr, Up\n+0003e970: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+0003e980: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3132 206e mands..17.5.12 n\n+0003e990: 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a 2d2d 2d2d et_ls_cards.----\n+0003e9a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003e9b0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n+0003e9c0: 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a 2020 2020 et_ls_cards. \n+0003e9d0: 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 List all detect\n+0003e9e0: 6564 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 ed network cards\n+0003e9f0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 7220 4d41 4320 with their MAC \n+0003ea00: 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 address.....File\n+0003ea10: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003ea20: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 de: net_ls_dns, \n+0003ea30: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f Next: net_ls_ro\n+0003ea40: 7574 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 utes, Prev: net\n+0003ea50: 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 5570 3a20 _ls_cards, Up: \n+0003ea60: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003ea70: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3133 206e 6574 nds..17.5.13 net\n+0003ea80: 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _ls_dns.--------\n+0003ea90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003eaa0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f Command: net_ls_\n+0003eab0: 646e 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6164 dns. List ad\n+0003eac0: 6472 6573 7365 7320 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 dresses of DNS s\n+0003ead0: 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 ervers used duri\n+0003eae0: 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a ng name lookup..\n+0003eaf0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003eb00: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c fo, Node: net_l\n+0003eb10: 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a s_routes, Next:\n+0003eb20: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 net_nslookup, \n+0003eb30: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 Prev: net_ls_dns\n+0003eb40: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003eb50: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003eb60: 2e31 3420 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 .14 net_ls_route\n+0003eb70: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+0003eb80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003eb90: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 mand: net_ls_rou\n+0003eba0: 7465 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 726f tes. List ro\n+0003ebb0: 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a uting entries...\n+0003ebc0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003ebd0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 o, Node: net_ns\n+0003ebe0: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e lookup, Next: n\n+0003ebf0: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 et_set_vlan, Pr\n+0003ec00: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 ev: net_ls_route\n+0003ec10: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s, Up: Networki\n+0003ec20: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n+0003ec30: 352e 3135 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 5.15 net_nslooku\n+0003ec40: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n+0003ec50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003ec60: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 and: net_nslooku\n+0003ec70: 7020 4e41 4d45 205b 5345 5256 4552 5d0a p NAME [SERVER].\n+0003ec80: 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2061 6464 Resolve add\n+0003ec90: 7265 7373 206f 6620 4e41 4d45 2075 7369 ress of NAME usi\n+0003eca0: 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7220 5345 ng DNS server SE\n+0003ecb0: 5256 4552 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2073 6572 RVER. If no ser\n+0003ecc0: 7665 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 ver is. give\n+0003ecd0: 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c n, use default l\n+0003ece0: 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2e0a ist of servers..\n+0003ecf0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003ed00: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 fo, Node: net_s\n+0003ed10: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 et_vlan, Prev: \n+0003ed20: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2055 net_nslookup, U\n+0003ed30: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n+0003ed40: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3620 mmands..17.5.16 \n+0003ed50: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 0a2d 2d2d net_set_vlan.---\n+0003ed60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003ed70: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003ed80: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2049 4e54 net_set_vlan INT\n+0003ed90: 4552 4641 4345 2056 4c41 4e49 440a 2020 ERFACE VLANID. \n+0003eda0: 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2038 3032 2e31 Set the 802.1\n+0003edb0: 5120 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 Q VLAN identifie\n+0003edc0: 7220 6f6e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2074 r on INTERFACE t\n+0003edd0: 6f20 564c 414e 4944 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 o VLANID. For. \n+0003ede0: 2020 2020 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 6f20 example, to \n+0003edf0: 7365 7420 7468 6520 564c 414e 2069 6465 set the VLAN ide\n+0003ee00: 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2069 6e74 6572 ntifier on inter\n+0003ee10: 6661 6365 20e2 8098 6566 696e 6574 31e2 face ...efinet1.\n+0003ee20: 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3130 .. to. ...10\n+0003ee30: 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 0...:.. \n+0003ee40: 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 6566 net_set_vlan ef\n+0003ee50: 696e 6574 3120 3130 300a 0a20 2020 2020 inet1 100.. \n+0003ee60: 5468 6520 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 The VLAN identif\n+0003ee70: 6965 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2072 656d 6f76 ier can be remov\n+0003ee80: 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 ed by setting it\n+0003ee90: 2074 6f20 e280 9830 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 to ...0...:.. \n+0003eea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f net_set_\n+0003eeb0: 766c 616e 2065 6669 6e65 7431 2030 0a0a vlan efinet1 0..\n+0003eec0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003eed0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e 646f 6375 o, Node: Undocu\n+0003eee0: 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c mented commands,\n+0003eef0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 Prev: Networki\n+0003ef00: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 ng commands, Up\n+0003ef10: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e36 : Commands..17.6\n+0003ef20: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6375 7272 656e Commands curren\n+0003ef30: 746c 7920 756e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 tly undocumented\n+0003ef40: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 0003ef50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003ef60: 3d0a 0a55 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 =..Unfortunately\n-0003ef70: 2c20 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2063 , not all GRUB c\n-0003ef80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 646f 6375 ommands are docu\n-0003ef90: 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6973 2074 mented at this t\n-0003efa0: 696d 6520 6475 6520 746f 0a64 6576 656c ime due to.devel\n-0003efb0: 6f70 6572 2072 6573 6f75 7263 6520 636f oper resource co\n-0003efc0: 6e73 7472 6169 6e74 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 nstraints. One \n-0003efd0: 7761 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 way to contribut\n-0003efe0: 6520 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 e back to the GR\n-0003eff0: 5542 0a70 726f 6a65 6374 2077 6f75 6c64 UB.project would\n-0003f000: 2062 6520 746f 2068 656c 7020 646f 6375 be to help docu\n-0003f010: 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 ment these comma\n-0003f020: 6e64 732c 2061 6e64 2073 7562 6d69 7420 nds, and submit \n-0003f030: 7061 7463 6865 7320 6f72 0a69 6465 6173 patches or.ideas\n-0003f040: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 696c 696e 6720 to the mailing \n-0003f050: 6c69 7374 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f list. The follo\n-0003f060: 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 286d 6f73 7420 wing is a (most \n-0003f070: 6c69 6b65 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 likely incomplet\n-0003f080: 6529 0a6c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 6e64 6f63 e).list of undoc\n-0003f090: 756d 656e 7465 6420 6f72 2070 6f6f 726c umented or poorl\n-0003f0a0: 7920 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d y documented com\n-0003f0b0: 6d61 6e64 7320 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 616c mands and not al\n-0003f0c0: 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 6d0a 6172 6520 616c l of them.are al\n-0003f0d0: 6c6f 7765 6420 666f 7220 616c 6c20 706c lowed for all pl\n-0003f0e0: 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5275 6e6e 696e atforms. Runnin\n-0003f0f0: 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6865 g the command he\n-0003f100: 6c70 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2074 lp from within t\n-0003f110: 6865 0a47 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6d61 he.GRUB shell ma\n-0003f120: 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 y provide more i\n-0003f130: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7061 nformation on pa\n-0003f140: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7361 rameters and usa\n-0003f150: 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 ge... ... ...a\n-0003f160: 6c6c 5f66 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f 7465 ll_functional_te\n-0003f170: 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 616c 6c20 st... - Run all \n-0003f180: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 functional tests\n-0003f190: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6261 636b .. ... ...back\n-0003f1a0: 7472 6163 65e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 trace... - Print\n-0003f1b0: 2062 6163 6b74 7261 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 backtrace.. .\n-0003f1c0: 80a2 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 .. ...boottime..\n-0003f1d0: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 . - Show boot ti\n-0003f1e0: 6d65 2073 7461 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 me statistics.. \n-0003f1f0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6163 6865 696e ... ...cachein\n-0003f200: 666f e280 9920 2d20 4765 7420 6469 736b fo... - Get disk\n-0003f210: 2063 6163 6865 2069 6e66 6f2e 0a20 2020 cache info.. \n-0003f220: e280 a220 e280 9863 626d 656d 63e2 8099 ... ...cbmemc...\n-0003f230: 202d 2053 686f 7720 4342 4d45 4d20 636f - Show CBMEM co\n-0003f240: 6e73 6f6c 6520 636f 6e74 656e 742e 0a20 nsole content.. \n-0003f250: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6d6f 7373 6574 ... ...cmosset\n-0003f260: e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 6269 7420 6174 ... - Set bit at\n-0003f270: 2042 5954 453a 4249 5420 696e 2043 4d4f BYTE:BIT in CMO\n-0003f280: 532e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6f72 S.. ... ...cor\n-0003f290: 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 eboot_boottime..\n-0003f2a0: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f . - Show coreboo\n-0003f2b0: 7420 626f 6f74 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 t boot time stat\n-0003f2c0: 6973 7469 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 istics.. ... .\n-0003f2d0: 8098 6475 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 ..dump... - Show\n-0003f2e0: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 memory contents\n-0003f2f0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 6965 .. ... ...efie\n-0003f300: 6d75 5f6c 6f61 6463 6f72 65e2 8099 202d mu_loadcore... -\n-0003f310: 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6420 696e 6974 6961 Load and initia\n-0003f320: 6c69 7a65 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f lize EFI emulato\n-0003f330: 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 r.. ... ...efi\n-0003f340: 656d 755f 7072 6570 6172 65e2 8099 202d emu_prepare... -\n-0003f350: 2046 696e 616c 697a 6520 6c6f 6164 696e Finalize loadin\n-0003f360: 6720 6f66 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f g of EFI emulato\n-0003f370: 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 r.. ... ...efi\n-0003f380: 656d 755f 756e 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 emu_unload... - \n-0003f390: 556e 6c6f 6164 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 Unload EFI emula\n-0003f3a0: 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 tor.. ... ...e\n-0003f3b0: 7869 74e2 8099 202d 2045 7869 7420 6672 xit... - Exit fr\n-0003f3c0: 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 om GRUB.. ... \n-0003f3d0: e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 ...extract_entri\n-0003f3e0: 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 es_configfile...\n-0003f3f0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 - Load another \n-0003f400: 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 6275 7420 config file but \n-0003f410: 7461 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206d take. only m\n-0003f420: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 enu entries.. \n-0003f430: e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 ... ...extract_e\n-0003f440: 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 ntries_source...\n-0003f450: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 - Load another \n-0003f460: 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 config file with\n-0003f470: 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e out. changin\n-0003f480: 6720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 6275 7420 7461 g context but ta\n-0003f490: 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ke only menu ent\n-0003f4a0: 7269 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ries.. ... ...\n-0003f4b0: 6578 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 extract_legacy_e\n-0003f4c0: 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c ntries_configfil\n-0003f4d0: 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 e... - Parse leg\n-0003f4e0: 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 acy config in ne\n-0003f4f0: 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 w. context t\n-0003f500: 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 aking only menu \n-0003f510: 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 entries. ... .\n-0003f520: 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 ..extract_legacy\n-0003f530: 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 _entries_source.\n-0003f540: 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 .. - Parse legac\n-0003f550: 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 y config in same\n-0003f560: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 . context ta\n-0003f570: 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 king only menu e\n-0003f580: 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ntries. ... ..\n-0003f590: 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 .extract_syslinu\n-0003f5a0: 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 x_entries_config\n-0003f5b0: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 file... - Execut\n-0003f5c0: 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 e syslinux confi\n-0003f5d0: 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7720 636f g in. new co\n-0003f5e0: 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c ntext taking onl\n-0003f5f0: 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 y menu entries. \n-0003f600: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 ... ...extract\n-0003f610: 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 _syslinux_entrie\n-0003f620: 735f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 s_source... - Ex\n-0003f630: 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 ecute syslinux c\n-0003f640: 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 650a 2020 onfig in same. \n-0003f650: 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e context takin\n-0003f660: 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 g only menu entr\n-0003f670: 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6661 ies. ... ...fa\n-0003f680: 6b65 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4372 6561 kebios... - Crea\n-0003f690: 7465 2042 494f 532d 6c69 6b65 2073 7472 te BIOS-like str\n-0003f6a0: 7563 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 6261 636b uctures for back\n-0003f6b0: 7761 7264 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 ward compatibili\n-0003f6c0: 7479 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2065 7869 ty. with exi\n-0003f6d0: 7374 696e 6720 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 sting OS.. ...\n-0003f6e0: 20e2 8098 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4368 ...file... - Ch\n-0003f6f0: 6563 6b20 6966 2046 494c 4520 6973 206f eck if FILE is o\n-0003f700: 6620 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7479 7065 f specified type\n-0003f710: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 785f .. ... ...fix_\n-0003f720: 7669 6465 6fe2 8099 202d 2046 6978 2076 video... - Fix v\n-0003f730: 6964 656f 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 2020 ideo problem.. \n-0003f740: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6670 7377 61e2 8099 ... ...fpswa...\n-0003f750: 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2046 5053 5741 - Display FPSWA\n-0003f760: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 version.. ...\n-0003f770: 20e2 8098 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 5f74 ...functional_t\n-0003f780: 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2052 756e 2061 6c6c est... - Run all\n-0003f790: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e loaded function\n-0003f7a0: 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 al tests.. ...\n-0003f7b0: 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 625f 6272 6561 ...gdbstub_brea\n-0003f7c0: 6be2 8099 202d 2042 7265 616b 2069 6e74 k... - Break int\n-0003f7d0: 6f20 4744 420a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 o GDB. ... ...\n-0003f7e0: 6764 6273 7475 62e2 8099 202d 2053 7461 gdbstub... - Sta\n-0003f7f0: 7274 2047 4442 2073 7475 6220 6f6e 2067 rt GDB stub on g\n-0003f800: 6976 656e 2070 6f72 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 iven port. ...\n-0003f810: 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 625f 7374 6f70 ...gdbstub_stop\n-0003f820: e280 9920 2d20 5374 6f70 2047 4442 2073 ... - Stop GDB s\n-0003f830: 7475 620a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6864 tub. ... ...hd\n-0003f840: 7061 726d e280 9920 2d20 4765 742f 7365 parm... - Get/se\n-0003f850: 7420 4154 4120 6469 736b 2070 6172 616d t ATA disk param\n-0003f860: 6574 6572 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 eters.. ... ..\n-0003f870: 9868 6578 6475 6d70 5f72 616e 646f 6de2 .hexdump_random.\n-0003f880: 8099 202d 2048 6578 6475 6d70 2072 616e .. - Hexdump ran\n-0003f890: 646f 6d20 6461 7461 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 dom data.. ...\n-0003f8a0: 20e2 8098 696e 62e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 ...inb... - Rea\n-0003f8b0: 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 d 8-bit value fr\n-0003f8c0: 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 om PORT.. ... \n-0003f8d0: e280 9869 6e6c e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 ...inl... - Read\n-0003f8e0: 2033 322d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 32-bit value fr\n-0003f8f0: 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 om PORT.. ... \n-0003f900: e280 9869 6e77 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 ...inw... - Read\n-0003f910: 2031 362d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 16-bit value fr\n-0003f920: 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 om PORT.. ... \n-0003f930: e280 986a 7065 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d ...jpegtest... -\n-0003f940: 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f Tests loading o\n-0003f950: 6620 4a50 4547 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 f JPEG bitmap.. \n-0003f960: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6579 6d61 70e2 ... ...keymap.\n-0003f970: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6b65 7962 .. - Load a keyb\n-0003f980: 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 oard layout.. \n-0003f990: e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 6368 ... ...legacy_ch\n-0003f9a0: 6563 6b5f 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 eck_password... \n-0003f9b0: 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d - Simulate grub-\n-0003f9c0: 6c65 6761 6379 2027 7061 7373 776f 7264 legacy 'password\n-0003f9d0: 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2069 ' command. i\n-0003f9e0: 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206d 6f64 n menu entry mod\n-0003f9f0: 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 e. ... ...lega\n-0003fa00: 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 cy_configfile...\n-0003fa10: 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 - Parse legacy \n-0003fa20: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f config in new co\n-0003fa30: 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ntext. ... ...\n-0003fa40: 6c65 6761 6379 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 legacy_password.\n-0003fa50: 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 .. - Simulate gr\n-0003fa60: 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 7377 ub-legacy 'passw\n-0003fa70: 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 ord' command. \n-0003fa80: e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 736f ... ...legacy_so\n-0003fa90: 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 urce... - Parse \n-0003faa0: 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e legacy config in\n-0003fab0: 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 same context. \n-0003fac0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 ... ...loadbios\n-0003fad0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2042 494f 5320 ... - Load BIOS \n-0003fae0: 6475 6d70 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 dump.. ... ...\n-0003faf0: 6c73 6163 7069 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 lsacpi... - Show\n-0003fb00: 2041 4350 4920 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ACPI informatio\n-0003fb10: 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7361 n.. ... ...lsa\n-0003fb20: 706d e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 504d pm... - Show APM\n-0003fb30: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 information.. \n-0003fb40: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 636f 7265 626f ... ...lscorebo\n-0003fb50: 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2063 6f72 ot... - List cor\n-0003fb60: 6562 6f6f 7420 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 eboot tables.. \n-0003fb70: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6465 76e2 8099 ... ...lsdev...\n-0003fb80: 202d 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 732e - List devices.\n-0003fb90: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 . ... ...lsefi\n-0003fba0: e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 ... - Display EF\n-0003fbb0: 4920 6861 6e64 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 I handles.. ..\n-0003fbc0: a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 e280 . ...lsefimmap..\n-0003fbd0: 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 . - Display EFI \n-0003fbe0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 memory map.. .\n-0003fbf0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 .. ...lsefisysta\n-0003fc00: 62e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 b... - Display E\n-0003fc10: 4649 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7461 626c 6573 FI system tables\n-0003fc20: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6d6d .. ... ...lsmm\n-0003fc30: 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 206d 656d ap... - List mem\n-0003fc40: 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 ory map provided\n-0003fc50: 2062 7920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 by firmware.. \n-0003fc60: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7063 69e2 8099 ... ...lspci...\n-0003fc70: 202d 204c 6973 7420 5043 4920 6465 7669 - List PCI devi\n-0003fc80: 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c ces.. ... ...l\n-0003fc90: 7373 616c e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 ssal... - Displa\n-0003fca0: 7920 5341 4c20 7379 7374 656d 2074 6162 y SAL system tab\n-0003fcb0: 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 le.. ... ...ls\n-0003fcc0: 7370 64e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 204d spd... - Print M\n-0003fcd0: 656d 6f72 7920 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f emory informatio\n-0003fce0: 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 n.. ... ...mac\n-0003fcf0: 7070 6362 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c ppcbless... - Bl\n-0003fd00: 6573 7320 4449 5220 6f66 2048 4653 206f ess DIR of HFS o\n-0003fd10: 7220 4846 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e r HFS+ partition\n-0003fd20: 2066 6f72 2050 5043 206d 6163 732e 0a20 for PPC macs.. \n-0003fd30: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 7465 6c62 ... ...mactelb\n-0003fd40: 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 less... - Bless \n-0003fd50: 4649 4c45 206f 6620 4846 5320 6f72 2048 FILE of HFS or H\n-0003fd60: 4653 2b20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f FS+ partition fo\n-0003fd70: 7220 696e 7465 6c20 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 r intel macs.. \n-0003fd80: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 7365 745f ... ...net_set_\n-0003fd90: 766c 616e e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 616e vlan... - Set an\n-0003fda0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 2076 6c61 interface's vla\n-0003fdb0: 6e20 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 n id.. ... ...\n-0003fdc0: 6f75 7462 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 outb... - Write \n-0003fdd0: 382d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 8-bit VALUE to P\n-0003fde0: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f ORT.. ... ...o\n-0003fdf0: 7574 6ce2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 utl... - Write 3\n-0003fe00: 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 2-bit VALUE to P\n-0003fe10: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f ORT.. ... ...o\n-0003fe20: 7574 77e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 utw... - Write 1\n-0003fe30: 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 6-bit VALUE to P\n-0003fe40: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 ORT.. ... ...p\n-0003fe50: 6369 6475 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 cidump... - Show\n-0003fe60: 2072 6177 2064 756d 7020 6f66 2074 6865 raw dump of the\n-0003fe70: 2050 4349 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 PCI configurati\n-0003fe80: 6f6e 2073 7061 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 on space.. ...\n-0003fe90: 20e2 8098 706e 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d ...pngtest... -\n-0003fea0: 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f Tests loading o\n-0003feb0: 6620 504e 4720 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 f PNG bitmap.. \n-0003fec0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f62 7974 ... ...read_byt\n-0003fed0: 65e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 e... - Read 8-bi\n-0003fee0: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 t value from ADD\n-0003fef0: 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 R.. ... ...rea\n-0003ff00: 645f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 d_dword... - Rea\n-0003ff10: 6420 3332 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 d 32-bit value f\n-0003ff20: 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rom ADDR.. ...\n-0003ff30: 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 ...read_word...\n-0003ff40: 202d 2052 6561 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 - Read 16-bit v\n-0003ff50: 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a alue from ADDR..\n-0003ff60: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6369 ... ...setpci\n-0003ff70: e280 9920 2d20 4d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 ... - Manipulate\n-0003ff80: 2050 4349 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 PCI devices.. \n-0003ff90: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7375 7370 656e 64e2 ... ...suspend.\n-0003ffa0: 8099 202d 2052 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2049 .. - Return to I\n-0003ffb0: 4545 4531 3237 3520 7072 6f6d 7074 2e0a EEE1275 prompt..\n-0003ffc0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e ... ...syslin\n-0003ffd0: 7578 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ux_configfile...\n-0003ffe0: 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 - Execute sysli\n-0003fff0: 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 nux config in ne\n-00040000: 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 w context. ...\n-00040010: 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f73 6f75 ...syslinux_sou\n-00040020: 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 rce... - Execute\n-00040030: 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 syslinux config\n-00040040: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 in same context\n-00040050: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 745f . ... ...test_\n-00040060: 626c 6f63 6b61 7267 e280 9920 2d20 5072 blockarg... - Pr\n-00040070: 696e 7420 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6520 int and execute \n-00040080: 626c 6f63 6b20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e2c block argument.,\n-00040090: 2030 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 0. ... ...tes\n-000400a0: 746c 6f61 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 tload... - Load \n-000400b0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 696c 6520 696e the same file in\n-000400c0: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7761 7973 2e0a multiple ways..\n-000400d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 7374 7370 ... ...testsp\n-000400e0: 6565 64e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 6669 eed... - Test fi\n-000400f0: 6c65 2072 6561 6420 7370 6565 642e 0a20 le read speed.. \n-00040100: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6761 7465 7374 ... ...tgatest\n-00040110: e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 ... - Tests load\n-00040120: 696e 6720 6f66 2054 4741 2062 6974 6d61 ing of TGA bitma\n-00040130: 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 696d p.. ... ...tim\n-00040140: 65e2 8099 202d 204d 6561 7375 7265 2074 e... - Measure t\n-00040150: 696d 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 434f 4d4d ime used by COMM\n-00040160: 414e 440a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 AND. ... ...tr\n-00040170: e280 9920 2d20 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 ... - Translate \n-00040180: 5345 5431 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 SET1 characters \n-00040190: 746f 2053 4554 3220 696e 2053 5452 494e to SET2 in STRIN\n-000401a0: 472e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9875 7362 G.. ... ...usb\n-000401b0: e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2055 5342 2073 ... - Test USB s\n-000401c0: 7570 706f 7274 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 upport.. ... .\n-000401d0: 8098 7662 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 204c ..vbeinfo... - L\n-000401e0: 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 ist available vi\n-000401f0: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 deo modes. If r\n-00040200: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 esolution is giv\n-00040210: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c en. show onl\n-00040220: 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 y modes matching\n-00040230: 2069 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 it.. ... ...v\n-00040240: 6265 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 betest... - Test\n-00040250: 2076 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 656d video subsystem\n-00040260: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7669 6465 .. ... ...vide\n-00040270: 6f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 otest... - Test \n-00040280: 7669 6465 6f20 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 video subsystem \n-00040290: 696e 206d 6f64 6520 5778 482e 0a20 2020 in mode WxH.. \n-000402a0: e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 5f62 7974 ... ...write_byt\n-000402b0: 65e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2038 2d62 e... - Write 8-b\n-000402c0: 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 it VALUE to ADDR\n-000402d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 .. ... ...writ\n-000402e0: 655f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 e_dword... - Wri\n-000402f0: 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 te 32-bit VALUE \n-00040300: 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 to ADDR.. ... \n-00040310: e280 9877 7269 7465 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 ...write_word...\n-00040320: 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 - Write 16-bit \n-00040330: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 VALUE to ADDR.. \n-00040340: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 656e 5f63 6174 ... ...xen_cat\n-00040350: e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 ... - List Xen s\n-00040360: 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 torage.. ... .\n-00040370: 8098 7865 6e5f 6c73 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 ..xen_ls... - Li\n-00040380: 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a st Xen storage..\n-00040390: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6465 ... ...xnu_de\n-000403a0: 7670 726f 705f 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 vprop_load... - \n-000403b0: 4c6f 6164 2027 6465 7669 6365 2d70 726f Load 'device-pro\n-000403c0: 7065 7274 6965 7327 2064 756d 702e 0a20 perties' dump.. \n-000403d0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f75 7569 ... ...xnu_uui\n-000403e0: 64e2 8099 202d 2054 7261 6e73 666f 726d d... - Transform\n-000403f0: 2036 342d 6269 7420 5555 4944 2074 6f20 64-bit UUID to \n-00040400: 666f 726d 6174 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 format suitable \n-00040410: 666f 7220 584e 552e 2049 660a 2020 2020 for XNU. If. \n-00040420: 202d 6c20 6973 2067 6976 656e 206b 6565 -l is given kee\n-00040430: 7020 6974 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2061 p it lowercase a\n-00040440: 7320 646f 6e65 2062 7920 626c 6b69 642e s done by blkid.\n-00040450: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 2d62 . ... ...zfs-b\n-00040460: 6f6f 7466 73e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 ootfs... - Print\n-00040470: 205a 4653 2d42 4f4f 5446 534f 424a 206f ZFS-BOOTFSOBJ o\n-00040480: 7220 7374 6f72 6520 6974 2069 6e74 6f20 r store it into \n-00040490: 5641 5249 4142 4c45 0a20 2020 e280 a220 VARIABLE. ... \n-000404a0: e280 987a 6673 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 ...zfsinfo... - \n-000404b0: 5072 696e 7420 5a46 5320 696e 666f 2061 Print ZFS info a\n-000404c0: 626f 7574 2044 4556 4943 452e 0a20 2020 bout DEVICE.. \n-000404d0: e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 6b65 79e2 8099 ... ...zfskey...\n-000404e0: 202d 2049 6d70 6f72 7420 5a46 5320 7772 - Import ZFS wr\n-000404f0: 6170 7069 6e67 206b 6579 2073 746f 7265 apping key store\n-00040500: 6420 696e 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 d in FILE.....Fi\n-00040510: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00040520: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f Node: Internatio\n-00040530: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 nalisation, Nex\n-00040540: 743a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5072 t: Security, Pr\n-00040550: 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 ev: Commands, U\n-00040560: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3138 2049 6e74 6572 p: Top..18 Inter\n-00040570: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e0a nationalisation.\n-00040580: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00040590: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a31 382e 3120 4368 *******..18.1 Ch\n-000405a0: 6172 7365 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d arset.==========\n-000405b0: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 5554 ==..GRUB uses UT\n-000405c0: 462d 3820 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 206f F-8 internally o\n-000405d0: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 696e 2072 656e ther than in ren\n-000405e0: 6465 7269 6e67 2077 6865 7265 2073 6f6d dering where som\n-000405f0: 650a 4752 5542 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 e.GRUB-specific \n-00040600: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7265 7072 appropriate repr\n-00040610: 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 esentation is us\n-00040620: 6564 2e20 2041 6c6c 2074 6578 7420 6669 ed. All text fi\n-00040630: 6c65 730a 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 les.(including c\n-00040640: 6f6e 6669 6729 2061 7265 2061 7373 756d onfig) are assum\n-00040650: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 ed to be encoded\n-00040660: 2069 6e20 5554 462d 382e 0a0a 3138 2e32 in UTF-8...18.2\n-00040670: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d Filesystems.===\n-00040680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4e =============..N\n-00040690: 5446 532c 204a 4653 2c20 5544 462c 2048 TFS, JFS, UDF, H\n-000406a0: 4653 2b2c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 6c6f 6e67 FS+, exFAT, long\n-000406b0: 2066 696c 656e 616d 6573 2069 6e20 4641 filenames in FA\n-000406c0: 542c 204a 6f6c 6965 7420 7061 7274 206f T, Joliet part o\n-000406d0: 660a 4953 4f39 3636 3020 6172 6520 7472 f.ISO9660 are tr\n-000406e0: 6561 7465 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d31 3620 eated as UTF-16 \n-000406f0: 6173 2070 6572 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 as per specifica\n-00040700: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2041 4653 2061 6e64 2042 tion. AFS and B\n-00040710: 4653 2061 7265 0a72 6561 6420 6173 2055 FS are.read as U\n-00040720: 5446 2d38 2c20 6167 6169 6e20 6163 636f TF-8, again acco\n-00040730: 7264 696e 6720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 rding to specifi\n-00040740: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 7472 4653 2c20 cation. BtrFS, \n-00040750: 6370 696f 2c20 7461 722c 0a73 7175 6173 cpio, tar,.squas\n-00040760: 6834 2c20 6d69 6e69 782c 206d 696e 6978 h4, minix, minix\n-00040770: 322c 206d 696e 6978 332c 2052 4f4d 4653 2, minix3, ROMFS\n-00040780: 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c20 5846 532c , ReiserFS, XFS,\n-00040790: 2065 7874 322c 2065 7874 332c 2065 7874 ext2, ext3, ext\n-000407a0: 342c 0a46 4154 2028 7368 6f72 7420 6e61 4,.FAT (short na\n-000407b0: 6d65 7329 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 526f 636b mes), F2FS, Rock\n-000407c0: 5269 6467 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 4953 Ridge part of IS\n-000407d0: 4f39 3636 302c 206e 696c 6673 322c 2055 O9660, nilfs2, U\n-000407e0: 4653 312c 2055 4653 320a 616e 6420 5a46 FS1, UFS2.and ZF\n-000407f0: 5320 6172 6520 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f S are assumed to\n-00040800: 2062 6520 5554 462d 382e 2020 5468 6973 be UTF-8. This\n-00040810: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 6661 6c73 6520 might be false \n-00040820: 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a63 6f6e 6669 on systems.confi\n-00040830: 6775 7265 6420 7769 7468 206c 6567 6163 gured with legac\n-00040840: 7920 6368 6172 7365 7420 6275 7420 6173 y charset but as\n-00040850: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 2063 6861 long as the cha\n-00040860: 7273 6574 2075 7365 6420 6973 0a73 7570 rset used is.sup\n-00040870: 6572 7365 7420 6f66 2041 5343 4949 2079 erset of ASCII y\n-00040880: 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c ou should be abl\n-00040890: 6520 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 4153 4349 e to access ASCI\n-000408a0: 492d 6e61 6d65 6420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 I-named files. \n-000408b0: 416e 640a 6974 2773 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 And.it's recomme\n-000408c0: 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 nded to configur\n-000408d0: 6520 796f 7572 2073 7973 7465 6d20 746f e your system to\n-000408e0: 2075 7365 2055 5446 2d38 2074 6f20 6163 use UTF-8 to ac\n-000408f0: 6365 7373 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 7973 cess the.filesys\n-00040900: 7465 6d2c 2063 6f6e 766d 7620 6d61 7920 tem, convmv may \n-00040910: 6865 6c70 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6772 6174 help with migrat\n-00040920: 696f 6e2e 2020 4953 4f39 3636 3020 2870 ion. ISO9660 (p\n-00040930: 6c61 696e 2920 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 730a lain) filenames.\n-00040940: 6172 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 are specified as\n-00040950: 2062 6569 6e67 2041 5343 4949 206f 7220 being ASCII or \n-00040960: 6265 696e 6720 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 being described \n-00040970: 7769 7468 2075 6e73 7065 6369 6669 6564 with unspecified\n-00040980: 2065 7363 6170 650a 7365 7175 656e 6365 escape.sequence\n-00040990: 732e 2020 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 s. GRUB assumes\n-000409a0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 4953 4f39 3636 that the ISO966\n-000409b0: 3020 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 5554 462d 0 names are UTF-\n-000409c0: 3820 2873 696e 6365 2061 6e79 0a41 5343 8 (since any.ASC\n-000409d0: 4949 2069 7320 7661 6c69 6420 5554 462d II is valid UTF-\n-000409e0: 3829 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2073 8). There are s\n-000409f0: 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6420 4344 2d52 4f4d 7320 ome old CD-ROMs \n-00040a00: 7768 6963 6820 7573 6520 4350 3433 3720 which use CP437 \n-00040a10: 696e 0a6e 6f6e 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 in.non-compliant\n-00040a20: 2077 6179 2e20 2059 6f75 2772 6520 7374 way. You're st\n-00040a30: 696c 6c20 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6163 6365 ill able to acce\n-00040a40: 7373 2066 696c 6573 2077 6974 6820 6e61 ss files with na\n-00040a50: 6d65 730a 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206f mes.containing o\n-00040a60: 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 4920 6368 6172 6163 nly ASCII charac\n-00040a70: 7465 7273 206f 6e20 7375 6368 2066 696c ters on such fil\n-00040a80: 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2074 686f 7567 682e esystems though.\n-00040a90: 2020 596f 7527 7265 0a61 6c73 6f20 6162 You're.also ab\n-00040aa0: 6c65 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2061 6e79 le to access any\n-00040ab0: 2066 696c 6520 6966 2074 6865 2066 696c file if the fil\n-00040ac0: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 esystem contains\n-00040ad0: 2076 616c 6964 204a 6f6c 6965 740a 2855 valid Joliet.(U\n-00040ae0: 5446 2d31 3629 206f 7220 526f 636b 5269 TF-16) or RockRi\n-00040af0: 6467 6520 2855 5446 2d38 292e 2020 4146 dge (UTF-8). AF\n-00040b00: 4653 2c20 5346 5320 616e 6420 4846 5320 FS, SFS and HFS \n-00040b10: 6e65 7665 7220 7573 6520 756e 6963 6f64 never use unicod\n-00040b20: 6520 616e 640a 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d e and.GRUB assum\n-00040b30: 6573 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2062 6520 696e es them to be in\n-00040b40: 204c 6174 696e 312c 204c 6174 696e 3120 Latin1, Latin1 \n-00040b50: 616e 6420 4d61 6352 6f6d 616e 2072 6573 and MacRoman res\n-00040b60: 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a47 5255 4220 pectively..GRUB \n-00040b70: 6861 6e64 6c65 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 handles filesyst\n-00040b80: 656d 2063 6173 652d 696e 7365 6e73 6974 em case-insensit\n-00040b90: 6976 6974 7920 686f 7765 7665 7220 6e6f ivity however no\n-00040ba0: 2061 7474 656d 7074 2069 730a 7065 7266 attempt is.perf\n-00040bb0: 6f72 6d65 6420 6174 2063 6173 6520 636f ormed at case co\n-00040bc0: 6e76 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 696e 7465 nversion of inte\n-00040bd0: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 6368 6172 6163 rnational charac\n-00040be0: 7465 7273 2073 6f20 652e 672e 2020 6120 ters so e.g. a \n-00040bf0: 6669 6c65 0a6e 616d 6564 206c 6f77 6572 file.named lower\n-00040c00: 6361 7365 2067 7265 656b 2061 6c70 6861 case greek alpha\n-00040c10: 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2064 is treated as d\n-00040c20: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ifferent from th\n-00040c30: 6520 6f6e 6520 6e61 6d65 640a 6173 2075 e one named.as u\n-00040c40: 7070 6572 6361 7365 2061 6c70 6861 2e20 ppercase alpha. \n-00040c50: 2054 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 The filesystems\n-00040c60: 2069 6e20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 in questions ar\n-00040c70: 6520 4e54 4653 2028 6578 6365 7074 2050 e NTFS (except P\n-00040c80: 4f53 4958 0a6e 616d 6573 7061 6365 292c OSIX.namespace),\n-00040c90: 2048 4653 2b20 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 HFS+ (configura\n-00040ca0: 626c 6520 6174 206d 6b66 7320 7469 6d65 ble at mkfs time\n-00040cb0: 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7365 6e73 , default insens\n-00040cc0: 6974 6976 6529 2c20 5346 530a 2863 6f6e itive), SFS.(con\n-00040cd0: 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 6174 206d 6b66 figurable at mkf\n-00040ce0: 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 s time, default \n-00040cf0: 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2c20 4a46 insensitive), JF\n-00040d00: 5320 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 S (configurable \n-00040d10: 6174 0a6d 6b66 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 6465 at.mkfs time, de\n-00040d20: 6661 756c 7420 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6529 fault sensitive)\n-00040d30: 2c20 4846 532c 2041 4646 532c 2046 4154 , HFS, AFFS, FAT\n-00040d40: 2c20 6578 4641 5420 616e 6420 5a46 530a , exFAT and ZFS.\n-00040d50: 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 6f6e (configurable on\n-00040d60: 2070 6572 2d73 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 2062 per-subvolume b\n-00040d70: 6173 6973 2062 7920 7072 6f70 6572 7479 asis by property\n-00040d80: 2022 6361 7365 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6974 \"casesensitivit\n-00040d90: 7922 2c0a 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 6e73 y\",.default sens\n-00040da0: 6974 6976 6529 2e20 204f 6e20 5a46 5320 itive). On ZFS \n-00040db0: 7375 6276 6f6c 756d 6573 206d 6172 6b65 subvolumes marke\n-00040dc0: 6420 6173 2063 6173 6520 696e 7365 6e73 d as case insens\n-00040dd0: 6974 6976 6520 6669 6c65 730a 636f 6e74 itive files.cont\n-00040de0: 6169 6e69 6e67 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 aining lowercase\n-00040df0: 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 2063 international c\n-00040e00: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6172 6520 696e haracters are in\n-00040e10: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2041 6c73 accessible. Als\n-00040e20: 6f0a 6c69 6b65 2061 6c6c 2073 7570 706f o.like all suppo\n-00040e30: 7274 6564 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 rted filesystems\n-00040e40: 2065 7863 6570 7420 4846 532b 2061 6e64 except HFS+ and\n-00040e50: 205a 4653 2028 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 ZFS (configurab\n-00040e60: 6c65 206f 6e0a 7065 722d 7375 6276 6f6c le on.per-subvol\n-00040e70: 756d 6520 6261 7369 7320 6279 2070 726f ume basis by pro\n-00040e80: 7065 7274 7920 226e 6f72 6d61 6c69 7a61 perty \"normaliza\n-00040e90: 7469 6f6e 222c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e tion\", default n\n-00040ea0: 6f6e 6529 2047 5255 420a 6d61 6b65 7320 one) GRUB.makes \n-00040eb0: 6e6f 2061 7474 656d 7074 2061 7420 6368 no attempt at ch\n-00040ec0: 6563 6b20 6f66 2063 616e 6f6e 6963 616c eck of canonical\n-00040ed0: 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 2073 6f20 equivalence so \n-00040ee0: 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 752d 6469 a file name.u-di\n-00040ef0: 6172 6573 6973 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 aresis is treate\n-00040f00: 6420 6173 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 6672 d as distinct fr\n-00040f10: 6f6d 2075 2b63 6f6d 6269 6e69 6e67 2064 om u+combining d\n-00040f20: 6961 7265 7369 732e 2020 5468 6973 0a68 iaresis. This.h\n-00040f30: 6f77 6576 6572 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 owever means tha\n-00040f40: 7420 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 6163 t in order to ac\n-00040f50: 6365 7373 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 2048 4653 cess file on HFS\n-00040f60: 2b20 6974 7320 6e61 6d65 206d 7573 7420 + its name must \n-00040f70: 6265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 be.specified in \n-00040f80: 6e6f 726d 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 666f normalisation fo\n-00040f90: 726d 2044 2e20 4f6e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c69 rm D. On normali\n-00040fa0: 7a65 6420 5a46 5320 7375 6276 6f6c 756d zed ZFS subvolum\n-00040fb0: 6573 0a66 696c 656e 616d 6573 206f 7574 es.filenames out\n-00040fc0: 206f 6620 6e6f 726d 616c 6973 6174 696f of normalisatio\n-00040fd0: 6e20 6172 6520 696e 6163 6365 7373 6962 n are inaccessib\n-00040fe0: 6c65 2e0a 0a31 382e 3320 4f75 7470 7574 le...18.3 Output\n-00040ff0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d terminal.======\n-00041000: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00041010: 4669 726d 7761 7265 206f 7574 7075 7420 Firmware output \n-00041020: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 console \"console\n-00041030: 2220 6f6e 2041 5243 2061 6e64 2049 4545 \" on ARC and IEE\n-00041040: 4531 3237 3520 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 E1275 are limite\n-00041050: 6420 746f 0a41 5343 4949 2e0a 0a20 2020 d to.ASCII... \n-00041060: 4249 4f53 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 636f BIOS firmware co\n-00041070: 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e 6420 5647 4120 7465 nsole and VGA te\n-00041080: 7874 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 xt are limited t\n-00041090: 6f20 4153 4349 4920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 o ASCII and some\n-000410a0: 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e .pseudographics.\n-000410b0: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e 6520 6f66 2061 626f .. None of abo\n-000410c0: 7665 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 2069 7320 ve mentioned is \n-000410d0: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 666f 7220 appropriate for \n-000410e0: 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2069 6e74 6572 displaying inter\n-000410f0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 0a61 6e64 2061 6e79 national.and any\n-00041100: 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2063 6861 unsupported cha\n-00041110: 7261 6374 6572 2069 7320 7265 706c 6163 racter is replac\n-00041120: 6564 2077 6974 6820 7175 6573 7469 6f6e ed with question\n-00041130: 206d 6172 6b20 6578 6365 7074 0a70 7365 mark except.pse\n-00041140: 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 7320 7768 6963 udographics whic\n-00041150: 6820 7765 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 h we attempt to \n-00041160: 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 7769 7468 approximate with\n-00041170: 2041 5343 4949 2e0a 0a20 2020 4546 4920 ASCII... EFI \n-00041180: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 206f console on the o\n-00041190: 7468 6572 2068 616e 6420 6e6f 6d69 6e61 ther hand nomina\n-000411a0: 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2055 5446 lly supports UTF\n-000411b0: 2d31 3620 6275 7420 6163 7475 616c 0a6c -16 but actual.l\n-000411c0: 616e 6775 6167 6520 636f 7665 7261 6765 anguage coverage\n-000411d0: 2064 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6669 726d depends on firm\n-000411e0: 7761 7265 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 ware and may be \n-000411f0: 7665 7279 206c 696d 6974 6564 2e0a 0a20 very limited... \n-00041200: 2020 5468 6520 656e 636f 6469 6e67 2075 The encoding u\n-00041210: 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6361 sed on serial ca\n-00041220: 6e20 6265 2063 686f 7365 6e20 7769 7468 n be chosen with\n-00041230: 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 666f e280 9920 ...terminfo... \n-00041240: 6173 2065 6974 6865 720a 4153 4349 492c as either.ASCII,\n-00041250: 2055 5446 2d38 206f 7220 2276 6973 7561 UTF-8 or \"visua\n-00041260: 6c20 5554 462d 3822 2e20 204c 6173 7420 l UTF-8\". Last \n-00041270: 6f6e 6520 6973 2061 6761 696e 7374 2074 one is against t\n-00041280: 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e he specification\n-00041290: 0a62 7574 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 .but results in \n-000412a0: 636f 7272 6563 7420 7265 6e64 6572 696e correct renderin\n-000412b0: 6720 6f66 2072 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 g of right-to-le\n-000412c0: 6674 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2072 6561 6465 ft on some reade\n-000412d0: 7273 2077 6869 6368 0a64 6f6e 2774 2068 rs which.don't h\n-000412e0: 6176 6520 6f77 6e20 6269 6469 2069 6d70 ave own bidi imp\n-000412f0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 lementation... \n-00041300: 204f 6e20 656d 7520 4752 5542 2063 6865 On emu GRUB che\n-00041310: 636b 7320 6966 2063 6861 7273 6574 2069 cks if charset i\n-00041320: 7320 5554 462d 3820 616e 6420 7573 6573 s UTF-8 and uses\n-00041330: 2069 7420 6966 2073 6f20 616e 6420 7573 it if so and us\n-00041340: 6573 0a41 5343 4949 206f 7468 6572 7769 es.ASCII otherwi\n-00041350: 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2075 7369 se... When usi\n-00041360: 6e67 2067 6678 7465 726d 206f 7220 6766 ng gfxterm or gf\n-00041370: 786d 656e 7520 4752 5542 2069 7473 656c xmenu GRUB itsel\n-00041380: 6620 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 f is responsible\n-00041390: 2066 6f72 0a72 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2074 for.rendering t\n-000413a0: 6865 2074 6578 742e 2020 496e 2074 6869 he text. In thi\n-000413b0: 7320 6361 7365 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c s case GRUB is l\n-000413c0: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 imited by loaded\n-000413d0: 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2049 660a 666f 6e74 fonts. If.font\n-000413e0: 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616c 6c20 7265 s contain all re\n-000413f0: 7175 6972 6564 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 quired character\n-00041400: 7320 7468 656e 2062 6964 6972 6563 7469 s then bidirecti\n-00041410: 6f6e 616c 2074 6578 742c 2063 7572 7369 onal text, cursi\n-00041420: 7665 0a76 6172 6961 6e74 7320 616e 6420 ve.variants and \n-00041430: 636f 6d62 696e 696e 6720 6d61 726b 7320 combining marks \n-00041440: 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 2065 6e63 6c6f other than enclo\n-00041450: 7369 6e67 2c20 6861 6c66 2028 652e 672e sing, half (e.g.\n-00041460: 2020 6c65 6674 2068 616c 660a 7469 6c64 left half.tild\n-00041470: 6520 6f72 2063 6f6d 6269 6e69 6e67 206f e or combining o\n-00041480: 7665 726c 696e 6529 2061 6e64 2064 6f75 verline) and dou\n-00041490: 626c 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 204c 6967 6174 ble ones. Ligat\n-000414a0: 7572 6573 2061 7265 6e27 740a 7375 7070 ures aren't.supp\n-000414b0: 6f72 7465 6420 7468 6f75 6768 2e20 2054 orted though. T\n-000414c0: 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f76 6572 his should cover\n-000414d0: 2045 7572 6f70 6561 6e2c 204d 6964 646c European, Middl\n-000414e0: 6520 4561 7374 6572 6e20 2869 6620 796f e Eastern (if yo\n-000414f0: 750a 646f 6e27 7420 6d69 6e64 206c 6163 u.don't mind lac\n-00041500: 6b20 6f66 206c 616d 2d61 6c69 6620 6c69 k of lam-alif li\n-00041510: 6761 7475 7265 2069 6e20 4172 6162 6963 gature in Arabic\n-00041520: 2920 616e 6420 4561 7374 2041 7369 616e ) and East Asian\n-00041530: 2073 6372 6970 7473 2e0a 4e6f 7461 626c scripts..Notabl\n-00041540: 6520 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7363 e unsupported sc\n-00041550: 7269 7074 7320 6172 6520 4272 6168 6d69 ripts are Brahmi\n-00041560: 6320 6661 6d69 6c79 2061 6e64 2064 6572 c family and der\n-00041570: 6976 6564 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 730a ived as well as.\n-00041580: 4d6f 6e67 6f6c 6961 6e2c 2054 6966 696e Mongolian, Tifin\n-00041590: 6167 682c 204b 6f72 6561 6e20 4a61 6d6f agh, Korean Jamo\n-000415a0: 2028 7072 6563 6f6d 706f 7365 6420 6368 (precomposed ch\n-000415b0: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2068 6176 6520 6e6f aracters have no\n-000415c0: 0a70 726f 626c 656d 2920 616e 6420 746f .problem) and to\n-000415d0: 6e61 6c20 7772 6974 696e 6720 2832 6535 nal writing (2e5\n-000415e0: 2d32 6539 292e 2020 4752 5542 2061 6c73 -2e9). GRUB als\n-000415f0: 6f20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 6465 7072 6563 o ignores deprec\n-00041600: 6174 6564 2028 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 ated (as.specifi\n-00041610: 6564 2069 6e20 556e 6963 6f64 6529 2063 ed in Unicode) c\n-00041620: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 2865 2e67 2e20 haracters (e.g. \n-00041630: 2074 6167 7329 2e20 2047 5255 4220 616c tags). GRUB al\n-00041640: 736f 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2068 616e 646c so doesn't handl\n-00041650: 650a 736f 2063 616c 6c65 6420 2261 6e6e e.so called \"ann\n-00041660: 6f74 6174 696f 6e20 6368 6172 6163 7465 otation characte\n-00041670: 7273 2220 4966 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2063 rs\" If you can c\n-00041680: 6f6d 706c 6574 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f omplete either o\n-00041690: 6620 7477 6f0a 6c69 7374 7320 6f72 2c20 f two.lists or, \n-000416a0: 6265 7474 6572 2c20 7072 6f70 6f73 6520 better, propose \n-000416b0: 6120 7061 7463 6820 746f 2069 6d70 726f a patch to impro\n-000416c0: 7665 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2c20 706c ve rendering, pl\n-000416d0: 6561 7365 2063 6f6e 7461 6374 0a64 6576 ease contact.dev\n-000416e0: 656c 6f70 6572 2074 6561 6d2e 0a0a 3138 eloper team...18\n-000416f0: 2e34 2049 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 .4 Input termina\n-00041700: 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l.==============\n-00041710: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a46 6972 6d77 6172 6520 =====..Firmware \n-00041720: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2042 494f 532c console on BIOS,\n-00041730: 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 616e 6420 4152 IEEE1275 and AR\n-00041740: 4320 646f 6573 6e27 7420 616c 6c6f 7720 C doesn't allow \n-00041750: 796f 7520 746f 2065 6e74 6572 0a6e 6f6e you to enter.non\n-00041760: 2d41 5343 4949 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 -ASCII character\n-00041770: 732e 2020 4546 4920 7370 6563 6966 6963 s. EFI specific\n-00041780: 6174 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2066 6f72 ation allows for\n-00041790: 2073 7563 6820 6275 7420 6175 7468 6f72 such but author\n-000417a0: 2069 730a 756e 6177 6172 6520 6f66 2061 is.unaware of a\n-000417b0: 6e79 2061 6374 7561 6c20 696d 706c 656d ny actual implem\n-000417c0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7269 entations. Seri\n-000417d0: 616c 2069 6e70 7574 2069 7320 6375 7272 al input is curr\n-000417e0: 656e 746c 790a 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 666f ently.limited fo\n-000417f0: 7220 6c61 7469 6e31 2028 756e 6c69 6b65 r latin1 (unlike\n-00041800: 6c79 2074 6f20 6368 616e 6765 292e 2020 ly to change). \n-00041810: 4f77 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2069 6d70 Own keyboard imp\n-00041820: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e73 0a28 6174 lementations.(at\n-00041830: 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 616e 6420 7573 _keyboard and us\n-00041840: 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2920 7375 7070 b_keyboard) supp\n-00041850: 6f72 7473 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2062 7574 orts any key but\n-00041860: 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 0a6f 6e65 2d63 6861 work on.one-cha\n-00041870: 722d 7065 722d 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 652e r-per-keystroke.\n-00041880: 2020 536f 206e 6f20 6465 6164 206b 6579 So no dead key\n-00041890: 7320 6f72 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 696e s or advanced in\n-000418a0: 7075 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 2e20 2041 6c73 put method. Als\n-000418b0: 6f0a 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6b65 o.there is no ke\n-000418c0: 796d 6170 2063 6861 6e67 6520 686f 746b ymap change hotk\n-000418d0: 6579 2e20 2049 6e20 7072 6163 7469 6365 ey. In practice\n-000418e0: 2069 7420 6d61 6b65 7320 6469 6666 6963 it makes diffic\n-000418f0: 756c 7420 746f 0a65 6e74 6572 2061 6e79 ult to.enter any\n-00041900: 2074 6578 7420 7573 696e 6720 6e6f 6e2d text using non-\n-00041910: 4c61 7469 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 2e20 Latin alphabet. \n-00041920: 204d 6f72 656f 7665 7220 616c 6c20 6375 Moreover all cu\n-00041930: 7272 656e 7420 696e 7075 740a 636f 6e73 rrent input.cons\n-00041940: 756d 6572 7320 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 umers are limite\n-00041950: 6420 746f 2041 5343 4949 2e0a 0a31 382e d to ASCII...18.\n-00041960: 3520 4765 7474 6578 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 5 Gettext.======\n-00041970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 ======..GRUB sup\n-00041980: 706f 7274 7320 6265 696e 6720 7472 616e ports being tran\n-00041990: 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6869 slated. For thi\n-000419a0: 7320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6861 s you need to ha\n-000419b0: 7665 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 2a2e 6d6f ve language *.mo\n-000419c0: 0a66 696c 6573 2069 6e20 2470 7265 6669 .files in $prefi\n-000419d0: 782f 6c6f 6361 6c65 2c20 6c6f 6164 2067 x/locale, load g\n-000419e0: 6574 7465 7874 206d 6f64 756c 6520 616e ettext module an\n-000419f0: 6420 7365 7420 226c 616e 6722 2076 6172 d set \"lang\" var\n-00041a00: 6961 626c 652e 0a0a 3138 2e36 2052 6567 iable...18.6 Reg\n-00041a10: 6578 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a exp.===========.\n-00041a20: 0a52 6567 6578 7073 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e .Regexps work on\n-00041a30: 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6861 7261 6374 unicode charact\n-00041a40: 6572 732c 2068 6f77 6576 6572 206e 6f20 ers, however no \n-00041a50: 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6174 2063 6865 636b attempt at check\n-00041a60: 696e 670a 6361 6e6e 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 ing.cannonical e\n-00041a70: 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 2068 6173 2062 quivalence has b\n-00041a80: 6565 6e20 6d61 6465 2e20 204d 6f72 656f een made. Moreo\n-00041a90: 7665 7220 7468 6520 636c 6173 7365 7320 ver the classes \n-00041aa0: 6c69 6b65 0a5b 3a61 6c70 6861 3a5d 206d like.[:alpha:] m\n-00041ab0: 6174 6368 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 4920 atch only ASCII \n-00041ac0: 7375 6273 6574 2e0a 0a31 382e 3720 4f74 subset...18.7 Ot\n-00041ad0: 6865 720a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a her.==========..\n-00041ae0: 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 4752 5542 2061 Currently GRUB a\n-00041af0: 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6573 2059 4541 522d lways uses YEAR-\n-00041b00: 4d4f 4e54 482d 4441 5920 484f 5552 3a4d MONTH-DAY HOUR:M\n-00041b10: 494e 5554 453a 5345 434f 4e44 205b 5745 INUTE:SECOND [WE\n-00041b20: 454b 4441 595d 0a32 342d 686f 7572 2064 EKDAY].24-hour d\n-00041b30: 6174 6574 696d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2062 atetime format b\n-00041b40: 7574 2077 6565 6b64 6179 7320 6172 6520 ut weekdays are \n-00041b50: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2047 5255 translated. GRU\n-00041b60: 4220 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 730a 7468 B always uses.th\n-00041b70: 6520 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 e decimal number\n-00041b80: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7769 7468 205b 302d format with [0-\n-00041b90: 395d 2061 7320 6469 6769 7473 2061 6e64 9] as digits and\n-00041ba0: 202e 2020 6173 2064 6573 6369 6d61 6c0a . as descimal.\n-00041bb0: 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 616e 6420 6e6f separator and no\n-00041bc0: 2067 726f 7570 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 group separator\n-00041bd0: 2e20 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 616c 6961 . IEEE1275 alia\n-00041be0: 7365 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 640a ses are matched.\n-00041bf0: 6361 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7665 case-insensitive\n-00041c00: 6c79 2065 7863 6570 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4153 ly except non-AS\n-00041c10: 4349 4920 7768 6963 6820 6973 206d 6174 CII which is mat\n-00041c20: 6368 6564 2061 7320 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 ched as binary. \n-00041c30: 2053 696d 696c 6172 0a62 6568 6176 696f Similar.behavio\n-00041c40: 7572 2069 7320 666f 7220 6d61 7463 6869 ur is for matchi\n-00041c50: 6e67 204f 5342 756e 646c 6552 6571 7569 ng OSBundleRequi\n-00041c60: 7265 642e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4945 4545 red. Since IEEE\n-00041c70: 3132 3735 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2061 6e64 1275 aliases and\n-00041c80: 0a4f 5342 756e 646c 6552 6571 7569 7265 .OSBundleRequire\n-00041c90: 6420 646f 6e27 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 d don't contain \n-00041ca0: 616e 7920 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 6974 any non-ASCII it\n-00041cb0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e65 7665 7220 6265 should never be\n-00041cc0: 2061 0a70 726f 626c 656d 2069 6e20 7072 a.problem in pr\n-00041cd0: 6163 7469 6365 2e20 2043 6173 652d 7365 actice. Case-se\n-00041ce0: 6e73 6974 6976 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 nsitive identifi\n-00041cf0: 6572 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 6420 ers are matched \n-00041d00: 6173 2072 6177 0a73 7472 696e 6773 2c20 as raw.strings, \n-00041d10: 6e6f 2063 616e 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 7175 no canonical equ\n-00041d20: 6976 616c 656e 6365 2063 6865 636b 2069 ivalence check i\n-00041d30: 7320 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 4361 s performed. Ca\n-00041d40: 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7374 6976 650a 6964 se-insenstive.id\n-00041d50: 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 6172 6520 6d61 entifiers are ma\n-00041d60: 7463 6865 6420 6173 2052 4157 2062 7574 tched as RAW but\n-00041d70: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 5b61 additionally [a\n-00041d80: 2d7a 5d20 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e -z] is equivalen\n-00041d90: 7420 746f 0a5b 412d 5a5d 2e20 4752 5542 t to.[A-Z]. GRUB\n-00041da0: 2d64 6566 696e 6564 2069 6465 6e74 6966 -defined identif\n-00041db0: 6965 7273 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 iers use only AS\n-00041dc0: 4349 4920 616e 6420 736f 2073 686f 756c CII and so shoul\n-00041dd0: 640a 7573 6572 2d64 6566 696e 6564 206f d.user-defined o\n-00041de0: 6e65 732e 2020 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 nes. Identifier\n-00041df0: 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206e 6f6e s containing non\n-00041e00: 2d41 5343 4949 206d 6179 2077 6f72 6b20 -ASCII may work \n-00041e10: 6275 7420 6172 656e 2774 0a73 7570 706f but aren't.suppo\n-00041e20: 7274 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 rted. Only the \n-00041e30: 4153 4349 4920 7370 6163 6520 6368 6172 ASCII space char\n-00041e40: 6163 7465 7273 2028 7370 6163 6520 552b acters (space U+\n-00041e50: 3030 3230 2c20 7461 6220 552b 3030 3062 0020, tab U+000b\n-00041e60: 2c0a 4352 2055 2b30 3030 6420 616e 6420 ,.CR U+000d and \n-00041e70: 4c46 2055 2b30 3030 6129 2061 7265 2072 LF U+000a) are r\n-00041e80: 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 642e 2020 4f74 6865 ecognised. Othe\n-00041e90: 7220 756e 6963 6f64 6520 7370 6163 6520 r unicode space \n-00041ea0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a61 7265 6e27 characters.aren'\n-00041eb0: 7420 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6669 656c 6420 t a valid field \n-00041ec0: 7365 7061 7261 746f 722e 2020 e280 9874 separator. ...t\n-00041ed0: 6573 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 est... (*note te\n-00041ee0: 7374 3a3a 2920 7465 7374 7320 3c2c 203e st::) tests <, >\n-00041ef0: 2c20 3c3d 2c0a 3e3d 2c20 2d70 6774 2061 , <=,.>=, -pgt a\n-00041f00: 6e64 202d 706c 7420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 nd -plt compare \n-00041f10: 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 7320 696e 2074 the strings in t\n-00041f20: 6865 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 he lexicographic\n-00041f30: 616c 206f 7264 6572 206f 660a 756e 6963 al order of.unic\n-00041f40: 6f64 6520 636f 6465 706f 696e 7473 2c20 ode codepoints, \n-00041f50: 7265 706c 6963 6174 696e 6720 7468 6520 replicating the \n-00041f60: 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6573 behaviour of tes\n-00041f70: 7420 6672 6f6d 2063 6f72 6575 7469 6c73 t from coreutils\n-00041f80: 2e0a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 ..environment va\n-00041f90: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d6d riables and comm\n-00041fa0: 616e 6473 2061 7265 206c 6973 7465 6420 ands are listed \n-00041fb0: 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6f72 6465 in the same orde\n-00041fc0: 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 r.....File: grub\n-00041fd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 .info, Node: Se\n-00041fe0: 6375 7269 7479 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2050 curity, Next: P\n-00041ff0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 latform limitati\n-00042000: 6f6e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7465 ons, Prev: Inte\n-00042010: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e rnationalisation\n-00042020: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3139 2053 , Up: Top..19 S\n-00042030: 6563 7572 6974 790a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ecurity.********\n-00042040: 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ***..* Menu:..* \n-00042050: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 Authentication a\n-00042060: 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e nd authorisation\n-00042070: 3a3a 2055 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2061 6363 :: Users and acc\n-00042080: 6573 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 2a20 5573 ess control.* Us\n-00042090: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n-000420a0: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 atures:: \n-000420b0: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c Booting digital\n-000420c0: 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 0a2a ly signed code.*\n-000420d0: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n-000420e0: 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 3a3a 2020 2020 t and shim:: \n-000420f0: 2020 2020 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 6769 Booting digi\n-00042100: 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2050 4520 tally signed PE \n-00042110: 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 files.* Secure B\n-00042120: 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 oot Advanced Tar\n-00042130: 6765 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2045 6d62 6564 geting:: Embed\n-00042140: 6465 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ded information \n-00042150: 666f 7220 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e for generation n\n-00042160: 756d 6265 7220 6261 7365 6420 7265 766f umber based revo\n-00042170: 6361 7469 6f6e 0a2a 204d 6561 7375 7265 cation.* Measure\n-00042180: 6420 426f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d Boot:: \n-00042190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d65 6173 Meas\n-000421a0: 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f uring boot compo\n-000421b0: 6e65 6e74 730a 2a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e nents.* Lockdown\n-000421c0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-000421d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 Lockd\n-000421e0: 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 own when booting\n-000421f0: 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 2073 6574 on a secure set\n-00042200: 7570 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 up....File: grub\n-00042210: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4175 .info, Node: Au\n-00042220: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 thentication and\n-00042230: 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 authorisation, \n-00042240: 204e 6578 743a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 Next: Using dig\n-00042250: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c ital signatures,\n-00042260: 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a Up: Security..\n-00042270: 3139 2e31 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 19.1 Authenticat\n-00042280: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 ion and authoris\n-00042290: 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2047 5255 420a 3d3d ation in GRUB.==\n-000422a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0003ef60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a55 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 =====..Unfortuna\n+0003ef70: 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 4752 tely, not all GR\n+0003ef80: 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 UB commands are \n+0003ef90: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 documented at th\n+0003efa0: 6973 2074 696d 6520 6475 6520 746f 0a64 is time due to.d\n+0003efb0: 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2072 6573 6f75 7263 eveloper resourc\n+0003efc0: 6520 636f 6e73 7472 6169 6e74 732e 2020 e constraints. \n+0003efd0: 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 One way to contr\n+0003efe0: 6962 7574 6520 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 ibute back to th\n+0003eff0: 6520 4752 5542 0a70 726f 6a65 6374 2077 e GRUB.project w\n+0003f000: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 746f 2068 656c 7020 ould be to help \n+0003f010: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 7365 2063 document these c\n+0003f020: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2061 6e64 2073 7562 ommands, and sub\n+0003f030: 6d69 7420 7061 7463 6865 7320 6f72 0a69 mit patches or.i\n+0003f040: 6465 6173 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 696c deas to the mail\n+0003f050: 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2e20 2054 6865 2066 ing list. The f\n+0003f060: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 286d ollowing is a (m\n+0003f070: 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d ost likely incom\n+0003f080: 706c 6574 6529 0a6c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 plete).list of u\n+0003f090: 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 6f72 2070 ndocumented or p\n+0003f0a0: 6f6f 726c 7920 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 oorly documented\n+0003f0b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 616e 6420 6e6f commands and no\n+0003f0c0: 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 6d0a 6172 t all of them.ar\n+0003f0d0: 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 666f 7220 616c e allowed for al\n+0003f0e0: 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5275 l platforms. Ru\n+0003f0f0: 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e nning the comman\n+0003f100: 6420 6865 6c70 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 d help from with\n+0003f110: 696e 2074 6865 0a47 5255 4220 7368 656c in the.GRUB shel\n+0003f120: 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6d6f l may provide mo\n+0003f130: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f re information o\n+0003f140: 6e20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2061 6e64 n parameters and\n+0003f150: 2075 7361 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 usage... ... \n+0003f160: e280 9861 6c6c 5f66 756e 6374 696f 6e61 ...all_functiona\n+0003f170: 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 l_test... - Run \n+0003f180: 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 all functional t\n+0003f190: 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ests.. ... ...\n+0003f1a0: 6261 636b 7472 6163 65e2 8099 202d 2050 backtrace... - P\n+0003f1b0: 7269 6e74 2062 6163 6b74 7261 6365 2e0a rint backtrace..\n+0003f1c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 7469 ... ...bootti\n+0003f1d0: 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2062 6f6f me... - Show boo\n+0003f1e0: 7420 7469 6d65 2073 7461 7469 7374 6963 t time statistic\n+0003f1f0: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6163 s.. ... ...cac\n+0003f200: 6865 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 4765 7420 heinfo... - Get \n+0003f210: 6469 736b 2063 6163 6865 2069 6e66 6f2e disk cache info.\n+0003f220: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 626d 656d . ... ...cbmem\n+0003f230: 63e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 4342 4d45 c... - Show CBME\n+0003f240: 4d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 636f 6e74 656e M console conten\n+0003f250: 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6d6f t.. ... ...cmo\n+0003f260: 7373 6574 e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 6269 sset... - Set bi\n+0003f270: 7420 6174 2042 5954 453a 4249 5420 696e t at BYTE:BIT in\n+0003f280: 2043 4d4f 532e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 CMOS.. ... ..\n+0003f290: 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 7469 .coreboot_bootti\n+0003f2a0: 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2063 6f72 me... - Show cor\n+0003f2b0: 6562 6f6f 7420 626f 6f74 2074 696d 6520 eboot boot time \n+0003f2c0: 7374 6174 6973 7469 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 statistics.. .\n+0003f2d0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6475 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 .. ...dump... - \n+0003f2e0: 5368 6f77 206d 656d 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 Show memory cont\n+0003f2f0: 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ents.. ... ...\n+0003f300: 6566 6965 6d75 5f6c 6f61 6463 6f72 65e2 efiemu_loadcore.\n+0003f310: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6420 696e .. - Load and in\n+0003f320: 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2045 4649 2065 6d75 itialize EFI emu\n+0003f330: 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 lator.. ... ..\n+0003f340: 9865 6669 656d 755f 7072 6570 6172 65e2 .efiemu_prepare.\n+0003f350: 8099 202d 2046 696e 616c 697a 6520 6c6f .. - Finalize lo\n+0003f360: 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2045 4649 2065 6d75 ading of EFI emu\n+0003f370: 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 lator.. ... ..\n+0003f380: 9865 6669 656d 755f 756e 6c6f 6164 e280 .efiemu_unload..\n+0003f390: 9920 2d20 556e 6c6f 6164 2045 4649 2065 . - Unload EFI e\n+0003f3a0: 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 mulator.. ... \n+0003f3b0: e280 9865 7869 74e2 8099 202d 2045 7869 ...exit... - Exi\n+0003f3c0: 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 0a20 2020 t from GRUB.. \n+0003f3d0: e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 ... ...extract_e\n+0003f3e0: 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c ntries_configfil\n+0003f3f0: 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 e... - Load anot\n+0003f400: 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 her config file \n+0003f410: 6275 7420 7461 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e but take. on\n+0003f420: 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e ly menu entries.\n+0003f430: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 . ... ...extra\n+0003f440: 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 ct_entries_sourc\n+0003f450: 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 e... - Load anot\n+0003f460: 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 her config file \n+0003f470: 7769 7468 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2063 6861 without. cha\n+0003f480: 6e67 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 6275 nging context bu\n+0003f490: 7420 7461 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 t take only menu\n+0003f4a0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 entries.. ...\n+0003f4b0: 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 ...extract_lega\n+0003f4c0: 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 cy_entries_confi\n+0003f4d0: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 gfile... - Parse\n+0003f4e0: 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 legacy config i\n+0003f4f0: 6e20 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 n new. conte\n+0003f500: 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d xt taking only m\n+0003f510: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 enu entries. .\n+0003f520: 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 6c65 .. ...extract_le\n+0003f530: 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 gacy_entries_sou\n+0003f540: 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c rce... - Parse l\n+0003f550: 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 egacy config in \n+0003f560: 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 same. contex\n+0003f570: 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 t taking only me\n+0003f580: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 nu entries. ..\n+0003f590: a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 . ...extract_sys\n+0003f5a0: 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f linux_entries_co\n+0003f5b0: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4578 nfigfile... - Ex\n+0003f5c0: 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 ecute syslinux c\n+0003f5d0: 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 onfig in. ne\n+0003f5e0: 7720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 w context taking\n+0003f5f0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 only menu entri\n+0003f600: 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 es. ... ...ext\n+0003f610: 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e ract_syslinux_en\n+0003f620: 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 tries_source... \n+0003f630: 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e - Execute syslin\n+0003f640: 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d ux config in sam\n+0003f650: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 e. context t\n+0003f660: 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 aking only menu \n+0003f670: 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 entries. ... .\n+0003f680: 8098 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 ..fakebios... - \n+0003f690: 4372 6561 7465 2042 494f 532d 6c69 6b65 Create BIOS-like\n+0003f6a0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 structures for \n+0003f6b0: 6261 636b 7761 7264 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 backward compati\n+0003f6c0: 6269 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 bility. with\n+0003f6d0: 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 4f53 2e0a 2020 existing OS.. \n+0003f6e0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 6c65 e280 9920 ... ...file... \n+0003f6f0: 2d20 4368 6563 6b20 6966 2046 494c 4520 - Check if FILE \n+0003f700: 6973 206f 6620 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 is of specified \n+0003f710: 7479 7065 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 type.. ... ...\n+0003f720: 6669 785f 7669 6465 6fe2 8099 202d 2046 fix_video... - F\n+0003f730: 6978 2076 6964 656f 2070 726f 626c 656d ix video problem\n+0003f740: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6670 7377 .. ... ...fpsw\n+0003f750: 61e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2046 a... - Display F\n+0003f760: 5053 5741 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 PSWA version.. \n+0003f770: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e ... ...function\n+0003f780: 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2052 756e al_test... - Run\n+0003f790: 2061 6c6c 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6675 6e63 all loaded func\n+0003f7a0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 tional tests.. \n+0003f7b0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 625f ... ...gdbstub_\n+0003f7c0: 6272 6561 6be2 8099 202d 2042 7265 616b break... - Break\n+0003f7d0: 2069 6e74 6f20 4744 420a 2020 20e2 80a2 into GDB. ...\n+0003f7e0: 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 62e2 8099 202d ...gdbstub... -\n+0003f7f0: 2053 7461 7274 2047 4442 2073 7475 6220 Start GDB stub \n+0003f800: 6f6e 2067 6976 656e 2070 6f72 740a 2020 on given port. \n+0003f810: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 625f ... ...gdbstub_\n+0003f820: 7374 6f70 e280 9920 2d20 5374 6f70 2047 stop... - Stop G\n+0003f830: 4442 2073 7475 620a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 DB stub. ... .\n+0003f840: 8098 6864 7061 726d e280 9920 2d20 4765 ..hdparm... - Ge\n+0003f850: 742f 7365 7420 4154 4120 6469 736b 2070 t/set ATA disk p\n+0003f860: 6172 616d 6574 6572 732e 0a20 2020 e280 arameters.. ..\n+0003f870: a220 e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 5f72 616e . ...hexdump_ran\n+0003f880: 646f 6de2 8099 202d 2048 6578 6475 6d70 dom... - Hexdump\n+0003f890: 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6461 7461 2e0a 2020 random data.. \n+0003f8a0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 62e2 8099 202d ... ...inb... -\n+0003f8b0: 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 Read 8-bit valu\n+0003f8c0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e from PORT.. \n+0003f8d0: e280 a220 e280 9869 6e6c e280 9920 2d20 ... ...inl... - \n+0003f8e0: 5265 6164 2033 322d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 Read 32-bit valu\n+0003f8f0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e from PORT.. \n+0003f900: e280 a220 e280 9869 6e77 e280 9920 2d20 ... ...inw... - \n+0003f910: 5265 6164 2031 362d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 Read 16-bit valu\n+0003f920: 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e from PORT.. \n+0003f930: e280 a220 e280 986a 7065 6774 6573 74e2 ... ...jpegtest.\n+0003f940: 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 .. - Tests loadi\n+0003f950: 6e67 206f 6620 4a50 4547 2062 6974 6d61 ng of JPEG bitma\n+0003f960: 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6579 p.. ... ...key\n+0003f970: 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 map... - Load a \n+0003f980: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 742e keyboard layout.\n+0003f990: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 . ... ...legac\n+0003f9a0: 795f 6368 6563 6b5f 7061 7373 776f 7264 y_check_password\n+0003f9b0: e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 ... - Simulate g\n+0003f9c0: 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 7061 7373 rub-legacy 'pass\n+0003f9d0: 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 word' command. \n+0003f9e0: 2020 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 in menu entry\n+0003f9f0: 206d 6f64 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 mode. ... ...\n+0003fa00: 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c legacy_configfil\n+0003fa10: 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 e... - Parse leg\n+0003fa20: 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 acy config in ne\n+0003fa30: 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 w context. ...\n+0003fa40: 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f70 6173 7377 ...legacy_passw\n+0003fa50: 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 ord... - Simulat\n+0003fa60: 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2770 e grub-legacy 'p\n+0003fa70: 6173 7377 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 assword' command\n+0003fa80: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 . ... ...legac\n+0003fa90: 795f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5061 y_source... - Pa\n+0003faa0: 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 rse legacy confi\n+0003fab0: 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e74 6578 g in same contex\n+0003fac0: 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c6f 6164 t. ... ...load\n+0003fad0: 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2042 bios... - Load B\n+0003fae0: 494f 5320 6475 6d70 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 IOS dump.. ...\n+0003faf0: 20e2 8098 6c73 6163 7069 e280 9920 2d20 ...lsacpi... - \n+0003fb00: 5368 6f77 2041 4350 4920 696e 666f 726d Show ACPI inform\n+0003fb10: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ation.. ... ..\n+0003fb20: 986c 7361 706d e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 .lsapm... - Show\n+0003fb30: 2041 504d 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e APM information\n+0003fb40: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 636f .. ... ...lsco\n+0003fb50: 7265 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 reboot... - List\n+0003fb60: 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 7461 626c 6573 coreboot tables\n+0003fb70: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6465 .. ... ...lsde\n+0003fb80: 76e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 v... - List devi\n+0003fb90: 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c ces.. ... ...l\n+0003fba0: 7365 6669 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 sefi... - Displa\n+0003fbb0: 7920 4546 4920 6861 6e64 6c65 732e 0a20 y EFI handles.. \n+0003fbc0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 6d6d ... ...lsefimm\n+0003fbd0: 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 ap... - Display \n+0003fbe0: 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2e0a EFI memory map..\n+0003fbf0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 6973 ... ...lsefis\n+0003fc00: 7973 7461 62e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c ystab... - Displ\n+0003fc10: 6179 2045 4649 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7461 ay EFI system ta\n+0003fc20: 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 bles.. ... ...\n+0003fc30: 6c73 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 lsmmap... - List\n+0003fc40: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 7072 6f76 memory map prov\n+0003fc50: 6964 6564 2062 7920 6669 726d 7761 7265 ided by firmware\n+0003fc60: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7063 .. ... ...lspc\n+0003fc70: 69e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 5043 4920 i... - List PCI \n+0003fc80: 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 devices.. ... \n+0003fc90: e280 986c 7373 616c e280 9920 2d20 4469 ...lssal... - Di\n+0003fca0: 7370 6c61 7920 5341 4c20 7379 7374 656d splay SAL system\n+0003fcb0: 2074 6162 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 table.. ... .\n+0003fcc0: 8098 6c73 7370 64e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 ..lsspd... - Pri\n+0003fcd0: 6e74 204d 656d 6f72 7920 696e 666f 726d nt Memory inform\n+0003fce0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ation.. ... ..\n+0003fcf0: 986d 6163 7070 6362 6c65 7373 e280 9920 .macppcbless... \n+0003fd00: 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4449 5220 6f66 2048 - Bless DIR of H\n+0003fd10: 4653 206f 7220 4846 532b 2070 6172 7469 FS or HFS+ parti\n+0003fd20: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2050 5043 206d 6163 tion for PPC mac\n+0003fd30: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 s.. ... ...mac\n+0003fd40: 7465 6c62 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c telbless... - Bl\n+0003fd50: 6573 7320 4649 4c45 206f 6620 4846 5320 ess FILE of HFS \n+0003fd60: 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 7274 6974 696f or HFS+ partitio\n+0003fd70: 6e20 666f 7220 696e 7465 6c20 6d61 6373 n for intel macs\n+0003fd80: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e65 745f .. ... ...net_\n+0003fd90: 7365 745f 766c 616e e280 9920 2d20 5365 set_vlan... - Se\n+0003fda0: 7420 616e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 t an interface's\n+0003fdb0: 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 vlan id.. ...\n+0003fdc0: 20e2 8098 6f75 7462 e280 9920 2d20 5772 ...outb... - Wr\n+0003fdd0: 6974 6520 382d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 ite 8-bit VALUE \n+0003fde0: 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 to PORT.. ... \n+0003fdf0: e280 986f 7574 6ce2 8099 202d 2057 7269 ...outl... - Wri\n+0003fe00: 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 te 32-bit VALUE \n+0003fe10: 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 to PORT.. ... \n+0003fe20: e280 986f 7574 77e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 ...outw... - Wri\n+0003fe30: 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 te 16-bit VALUE \n+0003fe40: 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 to PORT.. ... \n+0003fe50: e280 9870 6369 6475 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 ...pcidump... - \n+0003fe60: 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2064 756d 7020 6f66 Show raw dump of\n+0003fe70: 2074 6865 2050 4349 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 the PCI configu\n+0003fe80: 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 7061 6365 2e0a 2020 ration space.. \n+0003fe90: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706e 6774 6573 74e2 ... ...pngtest.\n+0003fea0: 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 .. - Tests loadi\n+0003feb0: 6e67 206f 6620 504e 4720 6269 746d 6170 ng of PNG bitmap\n+0003fec0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 .. ... ...read\n+0003fed0: 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 _byte... - Read \n+0003fee0: 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 8-bit value from\n+0003fef0: 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ADDR.. ... ..\n+0003ff00: 9872 6561 645f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 202d .read_dword... -\n+0003ff10: 2052 6561 6420 3332 2d62 6974 2076 616c Read 32-bit val\n+0003ff20: 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 ue from ADDR.. \n+0003ff30: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f77 6f72 ... ...read_wor\n+0003ff40: 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3136 2d62 d... - Read 16-b\n+0003ff50: 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 it value from AD\n+0003ff60: 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7365 DR.. ... ...se\n+0003ff70: 7470 6369 e280 9920 2d20 4d61 6e69 7075 tpci... - Manipu\n+0003ff80: 6c61 7465 2050 4349 2064 6576 6963 6573 late PCI devices\n+0003ff90: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7375 7370 .. ... ...susp\n+0003ffa0: 656e 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6574 7572 6e20 end... - Return \n+0003ffb0: 746f 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 7072 6f6d to IEEE1275 prom\n+0003ffc0: 7074 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 pt.. ... ...sy\n+0003ffd0: 736c 696e 7578 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c slinux_configfil\n+0003ffe0: 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 e... - Execute s\n+0003fff0: 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 yslinux config i\n+00040000: 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 n new context. \n+00040010: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 ... ...syslinux\n+00040020: 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 _source... - Exe\n+00040030: 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f cute syslinux co\n+00040040: 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e nfig in same con\n+00040050: 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 text. ... ...t\n+00040060: 6573 745f 626c 6f63 6b61 7267 e280 9920 est_blockarg... \n+00040070: 2d20 5072 696e 7420 616e 6420 6578 6563 - Print and exec\n+00040080: 7574 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6172 6775 6d65 ute block argume\n+00040090: 6e74 2e2c 2030 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 nt., 0. ... ..\n+000400a0: 9874 6573 746c 6f61 64e2 8099 202d 204c .testload... - L\n+000400b0: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 696c oad the same fil\n+000400c0: 6520 696e 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7761 e in multiple wa\n+000400d0: 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 ys.. ... ...te\n+000400e0: 7374 7370 6565 64e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 stspeed... - Tes\n+000400f0: 7420 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 7370 6565 t file read spee\n+00040100: 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6761 d.. ... ...tga\n+00040110: 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 test... - Tests \n+00040120: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2054 4741 2062 loading of TGA b\n+00040130: 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 itmap.. ... ..\n+00040140: 9874 696d 65e2 8099 202d 204d 6561 7375 .time... - Measu\n+00040150: 7265 2074 696d 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 re time used by \n+00040160: 434f 4d4d 414e 440a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 COMMAND. ... .\n+00040170: 8098 7472 e280 9920 2d20 5472 616e 736c ..tr... - Transl\n+00040180: 6174 6520 5345 5431 2063 6861 7261 6374 ate SET1 charact\n+00040190: 6572 7320 746f 2053 4554 3220 696e 2053 ers to SET2 in S\n+000401a0: 5452 494e 472e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 TRING.. ... ..\n+000401b0: 9875 7362 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2055 .usb... - Test U\n+000401c0: 5342 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e0a 2020 20e2 SB support.. .\n+000401d0: 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 .. ...vbeinfo...\n+000401e0: 202d 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c - List availabl\n+000401f0: 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 e video modes. \n+00040200: 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6973 If resolution is\n+00040210: 2067 6976 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7368 6f77 given. show\n+00040220: 206f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 7463 only modes matc\n+00040230: 6869 6e67 2069 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 hing it.. ... \n+00040240: e280 9876 6265 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 ...vbetest... - \n+00040250: 5465 7374 2076 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 Test video subsy\n+00040260: 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 stem.. ... ...\n+00040270: 7669 6465 6f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 videotest... - T\n+00040280: 6573 7420 7669 6465 6f20 7375 6273 7973 est video subsys\n+00040290: 7465 6d20 696e 206d 6f64 6520 5778 482e tem in mode WxH.\n+000402a0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 . ... ...write\n+000402b0: 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 _byte... - Write\n+000402c0: 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 8-bit VALUE to \n+000402d0: 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ADDR.. ... ...\n+000402e0: 7772 6974 655f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 202d write_dword... -\n+000402f0: 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 5641 Write 32-bit VA\n+00040300: 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 LUE to ADDR.. \n+00040310: e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 5f77 6f72 ... ...write_wor\n+00040320: 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d d... - Write 16-\n+00040330: 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 bit VALUE to ADD\n+00040340: 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 656e R.. ... ...xen\n+00040350: 5f63 6174 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 _cat... - List X\n+00040360: 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 en storage.. .\n+00040370: 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f 6c73 e280 9920 .. ...xen_ls... \n+00040380: 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 - List Xen stora\n+00040390: 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e ge.. ... ...xn\n+000403a0: 755f 6465 7670 726f 705f 6c6f 6164 e280 u_devprop_load..\n+000403b0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2027 6465 7669 6365 . - Load 'device\n+000403c0: 2d70 726f 7065 7274 6965 7327 2064 756d -properties' dum\n+000403d0: 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 p.. ... ...xnu\n+000403e0: 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 202d 2054 7261 6e73 _uuid... - Trans\n+000403f0: 666f 726d 2036 342d 6269 7420 5555 4944 form 64-bit UUID\n+00040400: 2074 6f20 666f 726d 6174 2073 7569 7461 to format suita\n+00040410: 626c 6520 666f 7220 584e 552e 2049 660a ble for XNU. If.\n+00040420: 2020 2020 202d 6c20 6973 2067 6976 656e -l is given\n+00040430: 206b 6565 7020 6974 206c 6f77 6572 6361 keep it lowerca\n+00040440: 7365 2061 7320 646f 6e65 2062 7920 626c se as done by bl\n+00040450: 6b69 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a kid.. ... ...z\n+00040460: 6673 2d62 6f6f 7466 73e2 8099 202d 2050 fs-bootfs... - P\n+00040470: 7269 6e74 205a 4653 2d42 4f4f 5446 534f rint ZFS-BOOTFSO\n+00040480: 424a 206f 7220 7374 6f72 6520 6974 2069 BJ or store it i\n+00040490: 6e74 6f20 5641 5249 4142 4c45 0a20 2020 nto VARIABLE. \n+000404a0: e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 696e 666f e280 ... ...zfsinfo..\n+000404b0: 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 5a46 5320 696e . - Print ZFS in\n+000404c0: 666f 2061 626f 7574 2044 4556 4943 452e fo about DEVICE.\n+000404d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 6b65 . ... ...zfske\n+000404e0: 79e2 8099 202d 2049 6d70 6f72 7420 5a46 y... - Import ZF\n+000404f0: 5320 7772 6170 7069 6e67 206b 6579 2073 S wrapping key s\n+00040500: 746f 7265 6420 696e 2046 494c 452e 0a0a tored in FILE...\n+00040510: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00040520: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e o, Node: Intern\n+00040530: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 ationalisation, \n+00040540: 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c Next: Security,\n+00040550: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 Prev: Commands\n+00040560: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3138 2049 , Up: Top..18 I\n+00040570: 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 nternationalisat\n+00040580: 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ion.************\n+00040590: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a31 382e ***********..18.\n+000405a0: 3120 4368 6172 7365 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 1 Charset.======\n+000405b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 ======..GRUB use\n+000405c0: 7320 5554 462d 3820 696e 7465 726e 616c s UTF-8 internal\n+000405d0: 6c79 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 696e ly other than in\n+000405e0: 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2077 6865 7265 rendering where\n+000405f0: 2073 6f6d 650a 4752 5542 2d73 7065 6369 some.GRUB-speci\n+00040600: 6669 6320 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 fic appropriate \n+00040610: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 representation i\n+00040620: 7320 7573 6564 2e20 2041 6c6c 2074 6578 s used. All tex\n+00040630: 7420 6669 6c65 730a 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 t files.(includi\n+00040640: 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 6729 2061 7265 2061 ng config) are a\n+00040650: 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 6e63 ssumed to be enc\n+00040660: 6f64 6564 2069 6e20 5554 462d 382e 0a0a oded in UTF-8...\n+00040670: 3138 2e32 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 18.2 Filesystems\n+00040680: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00040690: 3d0a 0a4e 5446 532c 204a 4653 2c20 5544 =..NTFS, JFS, UD\n+000406a0: 462c 2048 4653 2b2c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 F, HFS+, exFAT, \n+000406b0: 6c6f 6e67 2066 696c 656e 616d 6573 2069 long filenames i\n+000406c0: 6e20 4641 542c 204a 6f6c 6965 7420 7061 n FAT, Joliet pa\n+000406d0: 7274 206f 660a 4953 4f39 3636 3020 6172 rt of.ISO9660 ar\n+000406e0: 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2055 5446 e treated as UTF\n+000406f0: 2d31 3620 6173 2070 6572 2073 7065 6369 -16 as per speci\n+00040700: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2041 4653 2061 fication. AFS a\n+00040710: 6e64 2042 4653 2061 7265 0a72 6561 6420 nd BFS are.read \n+00040720: 6173 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6167 6169 6e20 as UTF-8, again \n+00040730: 6163 636f 7264 696e 6720 746f 2073 7065 according to spe\n+00040740: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 7472 cification. 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Own keyboard\n+00041820: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e73 implementations\n+00041830: 0a28 6174 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 616e .(at_keyboard an\n+00041840: 6420 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2920 d usb_keyboard) \n+00041850: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 6e79 206b 6579 supports any key\n+00041860: 2062 7574 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 0a6f 6e65 but work on.one\n+00041870: 2d63 6861 722d 7065 722d 6b65 7973 7472 -char-per-keystr\n+00041880: 6f6b 652e 2020 536f 206e 6f20 6465 6164 oke. So no dead\n+00041890: 206b 6579 7320 6f72 2061 6476 616e 6365 keys or advance\n+000418a0: 6420 696e 7075 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 2e20 d input method. \n+000418b0: 2041 6c73 6f0a 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e Also.there is n\n+000418c0: 6f20 6b65 796d 6170 2063 6861 6e67 6520 o keymap change \n+000418d0: 686f 746b 6579 2e20 2049 6e20 7072 6163 hotkey. In prac\n+000418e0: 7469 6365 2069 7420 6d61 6b65 7320 6469 tice it makes di\n+000418f0: 6666 6963 756c 7420 746f 0a65 6e74 6572 fficult to.enter\n+00041900: 2061 6e79 2074 6578 7420 7573 696e 6720 any text using \n+00041910: 6e6f 6e2d 4c61 7469 6e20 616c 7068 6162 non-Latin alphab\n+00041920: 6574 2e20 204d 6f72 656f 7665 7220 616c et. Moreover al\n+00041930: 6c20 6375 7272 656e 7420 696e 7075 740a l current input.\n+00041940: 636f 6e73 756d 6572 7320 6172 6520 6c69 consumers are li\n+00041950: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2041 5343 4949 2e0a mited to ASCII..\n+00041960: 0a31 382e 3520 4765 7474 6578 740a 3d3d .18.5 Gettext.==\n+00041970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 ==========..GRUB\n+00041980: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6265 696e 6720 supports being \n+00041990: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 translated. For\n+000419a0: 2074 6869 7320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 this you need t\n+000419b0: 6f20 6861 7665 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 o have language \n+000419c0: 2a2e 6d6f 0a66 696c 6573 2069 6e20 2470 *.mo.files in $p\n+000419d0: 7265 6669 782f 6c6f 6361 6c65 2c20 6c6f refix/locale, lo\n+000419e0: 6164 2067 6574 7465 7874 206d 6f64 756c ad gettext modul\n+000419f0: 6520 616e 6420 7365 7420 226c 616e 6722 e and set \"lang\"\n+00041a00: 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 0a0a 3138 2e36 variable...18.6\n+00041a10: 2052 6567 6578 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Regexp.========\n+00041a20: 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6567 6578 7073 2077 6f72 ===..Regexps wor\n+00041a30: 6b20 6f6e 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6861 k on unicode cha\n+00041a40: 7261 6374 6572 732c 2068 6f77 6576 6572 racters, however\n+00041a50: 206e 6f20 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6174 2063 no attempt at c\n+00041a60: 6865 636b 696e 670a 6361 6e6e 6f6e 6963 hecking.cannonic\n+00041a70: 616c 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 2068 al equivalence h\n+00041a80: 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6d61 6465 2e20 204d as been made. M\n+00041a90: 6f72 656f 7665 7220 7468 6520 636c 6173 oreover the clas\n+00041aa0: 7365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a5b 3a61 6c70 6861 ses like.[:alpha\n+00041ab0: 3a5d 206d 6174 6368 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 :] match only AS\n+00041ac0: 4349 4920 7375 6273 6574 2e0a 0a31 382e CII subset...18.\n+00041ad0: 3720 4f74 6865 720a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 7 Other.========\n+00041ae0: 3d3d 0a0a 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 4752 ==..Currently GR\n+00041af0: 5542 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6573 2059 UB always uses Y\n+00041b00: 4541 522d 4d4f 4e54 482d 4441 5920 484f EAR-MONTH-DAY HO\n+00041b10: 5552 3a4d 494e 5554 453a 5345 434f 4e44 UR:MINUTE:SECOND\n+00041b20: 205b 5745 454b 4441 595d 0a32 342d 686f [WEEKDAY].24-ho\n+00041b30: 7572 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 666f 726d ur datetime form\n+00041b40: 6174 2062 7574 2077 6565 6b64 6179 7320 at but weekdays \n+00041b50: 6172 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2e20 are translated. \n+00041b60: 2047 5255 4220 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 GRUB always use\n+00041b70: 730a 7468 6520 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6e75 s.the decimal nu\n+00041b80: 6d62 6572 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7769 7468 mber format with\n+00041b90: 205b 302d 395d 2061 7320 6469 6769 7473 [0-9] as digits\n+00041ba0: 2061 6e64 202e 2020 6173 2064 6573 6369 and . as desci\n+00041bb0: 6d61 6c0a 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 616e mal.separator an\n+00041bc0: 6420 6e6f 2067 726f 7570 2073 6570 6172 d no group separ\n+00041bd0: 6174 6f72 2e20 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 ator. IEEE1275 \n+00041be0: 616c 6961 7365 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 aliases are matc\n+00041bf0: 6865 640a 6361 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7369 hed.case-insensi\n+00041c00: 7469 7665 6c79 2065 7863 6570 7420 6e6f tively except no\n+00041c10: 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 7768 6963 6820 6973 n-ASCII which is\n+00041c20: 206d 6174 6368 6564 2061 7320 6269 6e61 matched as bina\n+00041c30: 7279 2e20 2053 696d 696c 6172 0a62 6568 ry. Similar.beh\n+00041c40: 6176 696f 7572 2069 7320 666f 7220 6d61 aviour is for ma\n+00041c50: 7463 6869 6e67 204f 5342 756e 646c 6552 tching OSBundleR\n+00041c60: 6571 7569 7265 642e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 equired. Since \n+00041c70: 4945 4545 3132 3735 2061 6c69 6173 6573 IEEE1275 aliases\n+00041c80: 2061 6e64 0a4f 5342 756e 646c 6552 6571 and.OSBundleReq\n+00041c90: 7569 7265 6420 646f 6e27 7420 636f 6e74 uired don't cont\n+00041ca0: 6169 6e20 616e 7920 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 ain any non-ASCI\n+00041cb0: 4920 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e65 7665 I it should neve\n+00041cc0: 7220 6265 2061 0a70 726f 626c 656d 2069 r be a.problem i\n+00041cd0: 6e20 7072 6163 7469 6365 2e20 2043 6173 n practice. 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Identi\n+00041df0: 6669 6572 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 fiers containing\n+00041e00: 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 206d 6179 2077 non-ASCII may w\n+00041e10: 6f72 6b20 6275 7420 6172 656e 2774 0a73 ork but aren't.s\n+00041e20: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 upported. Only \n+00041e30: 7468 6520 4153 4349 4920 7370 6163 6520 the ASCII space \n+00041e40: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2028 7370 6163 characters (spac\n+00041e50: 6520 552b 3030 3230 2c20 7461 6220 552b e U+0020, tab U+\n+00041e60: 3030 3062 2c0a 4352 2055 2b30 3030 6420 000b,.CR U+000d \n+00041e70: 616e 6420 4c46 2055 2b30 3030 6129 2061 and LF U+000a) a\n+00041e80: 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 642e 2020 re recognised. \n+00041e90: 4f74 6865 7220 756e 6963 6f64 6520 7370 Other unicode sp\n+00041ea0: 6163 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a61 ace characters.a\n+00041eb0: 7265 6e27 7420 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6669 ren't a valid fi\n+00041ec0: 656c 6420 7365 7061 7261 746f 722e 2020 eld separator. \n+00041ed0: e280 9874 6573 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...test... (*not\n+00041ee0: 6520 7465 7374 3a3a 2920 7465 7374 7320 e test::) tests \n+00041ef0: 3c2c 203e 2c20 3c3d 2c0a 3e3d 2c20 2d70 <, >, <=,.>=, -p\n+00041f00: 6774 2061 6e64 202d 706c 7420 636f 6d70 gt and -plt comp\n+00041f10: 6172 6520 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 7320 are the strings \n+00041f20: 696e 2074 6865 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 in the lexicogra\n+00041f30: 7068 6963 616c 206f 7264 6572 206f 660a phical order of.\n+00041f40: 756e 6963 6f64 6520 636f 6465 706f 696e unicode codepoin\n+00041f50: 7473 2c20 7265 706c 6963 6174 696e 6720 ts, replicating \n+00041f60: 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 the behaviour of\n+00041f70: 2074 6573 7420 6672 6f6d 2063 6f72 6575 test from coreu\n+00041f80: 7469 6c73 2e0a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e tils..environmen\n+00041f90: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 616e 6420 t variables and \n+00041fa0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 206c 6973 commands are lis\n+00041fb0: 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 ted in the same \n+00041fc0: 6f72 6465 722e 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For.most sy\n-000423a0: 7374 656d 732c 2074 6869 7320 6973 2072 stems, this is r\n-000423b0: 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6e63 6520 easonable since \n-000423c0: 616e 796f 6e65 2077 6974 6820 6469 7265 anyone with dire\n-000423d0: 6374 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 6163 6365 ct physical.acce\n-000423e0: 7373 2068 6173 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 ss has a variety\n-000423f0: 206f 6620 6f74 6865 7220 7761 7973 2074 of other ways t\n-00042400: 6f20 6761 696e 2066 756c 6c20 6163 6365 o gain full acce\n-00042410: 7373 2c20 616e 6420 7265 7175 6972 696e ss, and requirin\n-00042420: 670a 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e g.authentication\n-00042430: 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 at the boot loa\n-00042440: 6465 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 776f 756c 6420 der level would \n-00042450: 6f6e 6c79 2073 6572 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 only serve to ma\n-00042460: 6b65 2069 740a 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 ke it.difficult \n-00042470: 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 2062 726f 6b65 to recover broke\n-00042480: 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 n systems... H\n-00042490: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 owever, in some \n-000424a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 7375 environments, su\n-000424b0: 6368 2061 7320 6b69 6f73 6b73 2c20 6974 ch as kiosks, it\n-000424c0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 may be appropri\n-000424d0: 6174 650a 746f 206c 6f63 6b20 646f 776e ate.to lock down\n-000424e0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n-000424f0: 2074 6f20 7265 7175 6972 6520 6175 7468 to require auth\n-00042500: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2062 6566 6f72 entication befor\n-00042510: 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a63 6572 e performing.cer\n-00042520: 7461 696e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732e tain operations.\n-00042530: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7061 7373 .. The ...pass\n-00042540: 776f 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 word... (*note p\n-00042550: 6173 7377 6f72 643a 3a29 2061 6e64 20e2 assword::) and .\n-00042560: 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 ..password_pbkdf\n-00042570: 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7061 7373 2... (*note.pass\n-00042580: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 2063 word_pbkdf2::) c\n-00042590: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 ommands can be u\n-000425a0: 7365 6420 746f 2064 6566 696e 6520 7573 sed to define us\n-000425b0: 6572 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 ers, each of whi\n-000425c0: 6368 0a68 6173 2061 6e20 6173 736f 6369 ch.has an associ\n-000425d0: 6174 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e 2020 ated password. \n-000425e0: e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 2073 ...password... s\n-000425f0: 6574 7320 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 ets the password\n-00042600: 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 7465 7874 2c0a in plain text,.\n-00042610: 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 requiring ...gru\n-00042620: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 6265 2073 b.cfg... to be s\n-00042630: 6563 7572 653b 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f ecure; ...passwo\n-00042640: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2073 6574 rd_pbkdf2... set\n-00042650: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a68 s the password.h\n-00042660: 6173 6865 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 ashed using the \n-00042670: 5061 7373 776f 7264 2d42 6173 6564 204b Password-Based K\n-00042680: 6579 2044 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 4675 ey Derivation Fu\n-00042690: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2028 5246 4320 3238 3938 nction (RFC 2898\n-000426a0: 292c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 6e67 2074 6865 ),.requiring the\n-000426b0: 2075 7365 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d use of ...grub-\n-000426c0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n-000426d0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 .. (*note Invoki\n-000426e0: 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng.grub-mkpasswd\n-000426f0: 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 2074 6f20 6765 -pbkdf2::) to ge\n-00042700: 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 nerate password \n-00042710: 6861 7368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 206f hashes... In o\n-00042720: 7264 6572 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2061 rder to enable a\n-00042730: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7375 uthentication su\n-00042740: 7070 6f72 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7375 pport, the ...su\n-00042750: 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 990a 656e 7669 perusers....envi\n-00042760: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00042770: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 must be set to \n-00042780: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7573 6572 6e61 a list of userna\n-00042790: 6d65 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 mes, separated b\n-000427a0: 790a 616e 7920 6f66 2073 7061 6365 732c y.any of spaces,\n-000427b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 732c 2073 656d 6963 6f6c commas, semicol\n-000427c0: 6f6e 732c 2070 6970 6573 2c20 6f72 2061 ons, pipes, or a\n-000427d0: 6d70 6572 7361 6e64 732e 2020 5375 7065 mpersands. Supe\n-000427e0: 7275 7365 7273 2061 7265 0a70 6572 6d69 rusers are.permi\n-000427f0: 7474 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 tted to use the \n-00042800: 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e GRUB command lin\n-00042810: 652c 2065 6469 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 e, edit menu ent\n-00042820: 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 ries, and execut\n-00042830: 650a 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e.any menu entry\n-00042840: 2e20 2049 6620 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 . If ...superus\n-00042850: 6572 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 742c 2074 ers... is set, t\n-00042860: 6865 6e20 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 hen use of the c\n-00042870: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 650a 616e 6420 ommand line.and \n-00042880: 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 editing of menu \n-00042890: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6172 6520 6175 746f entries are auto\n-000428a0: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7265 7374 7269 matically restri\n-000428b0: 6374 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7065 7275 7365 cted to superuse\n-000428c0: 7273 2e0a 5365 7474 696e 6720 e280 9873 rs..Setting ...s\n-000428d0: 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2074 6f20 uperusers... to \n-000428e0: 656d 7074 7920 7374 7269 6e67 2065 6666 empty string eff\n-000428f0: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6162 6c65 ectively disable\n-00042900: 7320 626f 7468 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f s both access to\n-00042910: 0a43 4c49 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 .CLI and editing\n-00042920: 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 of menu entries\n-00042930: 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2065 6e76 . Note: The env\n-00042940: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00042950: 6520 6e65 6564 730a 746f 2062 6520 6578 e needs.to be ex\n-00042960: 706f 7274 6564 2074 6f20 616c 736f 2061 ported to also a\n-00042970: 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 7365 6374 696f ffect the sectio\n-00042980: 6e20 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6865 n defined by the\n-00042990: 20e2 8098 7375 626d 656e 75e2 8099 0a63 ...submenu....c\n-000429a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 ommand (*note su\n-000429b0: 626d 656e 753a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f74 bmenu::)... Ot\n-000429c0: 6865 7220 7573 6572 7320 6d61 7920 6265 her users may be\n-000429d0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2074 6f20 6578 6563 allowed to exec\n-000429e0: 7574 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 206d 656e ute specific men\n-000429f0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6279 2067 6976 u entries by giv\n-00042a00: 696e 670a 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7573 ing.a list of us\n-00042a10: 6572 6e61 6d65 7320 2861 7320 6162 6f76 ernames (as abov\n-00042a20: 6529 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 e) using the ...\n-00042a30: 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f --users... optio\n-00042a40: 6e20 746f 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6d65 6e75 n to the....menu\n-00042a50: 656e 7472 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 entry... command\n-00042a60: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 (*note menuentr\n-00042a70: 793a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 y::). If the ..\n-00042a80: 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 .--unrestricted.\n-00042a90: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 6973 2075 7365 .. option.is use\n-00042aa0: 6420 666f 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 d for a menu ent\n-00042ab0: 7279 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6861 7420 656e ry, then that en\n-00042ac0: 7472 7920 6973 2075 6e72 6573 7472 6963 try is unrestric\n-00042ad0: 7465 642e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 ted. If the....\n-00042ae0: 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f --users... optio\n-00042af0: 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 666f n is not used fo\n-00042b00: 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 r a menu entry, \n-00042b10: 7468 656e 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 2073 then that only s\n-00042b20: 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 6172 6520 6162 uperusers.are ab\n-00042b30: 6c65 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2e0a 0a20 le to use it... \n-00042b40: 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 Putting this t\n-00042b50: 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2061 2074 7970 6963 ogether, a typic\n-00042b60: 616c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 al ...grub.cfg..\n-00042b70: 9920 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 206d 6967 6874 . fragment might\n-00042b80: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a look like.this:\n-00042b90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2073 7570 6572 .. set super\n-00042ba0: 7573 6572 733d 2272 6f6f 7422 0a20 2020 users=\"root\". \n-00042bb0: 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 password_pbkdf\n-00042bc0: 3220 726f 6f74 2067 7275 622e 7062 6b64 2 root grub.pbkd\n-00042bd0: 6632 2e73 6861 3531 322e 3130 3030 302e f2.sha512.10000.\n-00042be0: 6269 676c 6f6e 6773 7472 696e 670a 2020 biglongstring. \n-00042bf0: 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 password user\n-00042c00: 3120 696e 7365 6375 7265 0a0a 2020 2020 1 insecure.. \n-00042c10: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 7920 menuentry \"May \n-00042c20: 6265 2072 756e 2062 7920 616e 7920 7573 be run by any us\n-00042c30: 6572 2220 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 er\" --unrestrict\n-00042c40: 6564 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 ed {. .set r\n-00042c50: 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 oot=(hd0,1). \n-00042c60: 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a .linux /vmlinuz\n-00042c70: 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 . }.. me\n-00042c80: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2253 7570 6572 7573 nuentry \"Superus\n-00042c90: 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 ers only\" --user\n-00042ca0: 7320 2222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 s \"\" {. .set\n-00042cb0: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 root=(hd0,1). \n-00042cc0: 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e .linux /vmlin\n-00042cd0: 757a 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 207d uz single. }\n-00042ce0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-00042cf0: 2022 4d61 7920 6265 2072 756e 2062 7920 \"May be run by \n-00042d00: 7573 6572 3120 6f72 2061 2073 7570 6572 user1 or a super\n-00042d10: 7573 6572 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 7573 user\" --users us\n-00042d20: 6572 3120 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 er1 {. .set \n-00042d30: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3229 0a20 2020 root=(hd0,2). \n-00042d40: 2020 0963 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 202b .chainloader +\n-00042d50: 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 1. }.. The\n-00042d60: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-00042d70: 67e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d 2064 6f65 g... program doe\n-00042d80: 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6861 7665 2062 s not yet have b\n-00042d90: 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 uilt-in support \n-00042da0: 666f 720a 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6e67 2063 for.generating c\n-00042db0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00042dc0: 6573 2077 6974 6820 6175 7468 656e 7469 es with authenti\n-00042dd0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e cation. You can\n-00042de0: 2075 7365 0ae2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 use..../etc/gru\n-00042df0: 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 8099 b.d/40_custom...\n-00042e00: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 to add simple s\n-00042e10: 7570 6572 7573 6572 2061 7574 6865 6e74 uperuser authent\n-00042e20: 6963 6174 696f 6e2c 2062 790a 6164 6469 ication, by.addi\n-00042e30: 6e67 20e2 8098 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 ng ...set superu\n-00042e40: 7365 7273 3de2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 sers=... and ...\n-00042e50: 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 password... or .\n-00042e60: 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 ..password_pbkdf\n-00042e70: 32e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2... commands...\n-00042e80: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00042e90: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 696e 6720 o, Node: Using \n-00042ea0: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-00042eb0: 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 4546 4920 es, Next: UEFI \n-00042ec0: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 secure boot and \n-00042ed0: 7368 696d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2041 7574 shim, Prev: Aut\n-00042ee0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 hentication and \n-00042ef0: 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 authorisation, \n-00042f00: 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 Up: Security..19\n-00042f10: 2e32 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c .2 Using digital\n-00042f20: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 696e 2047 signatures in G\n-00042f30: 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d RUB.============\n+000422c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000422d0: 0a42 7920 6465 6661 756c 742c 2074 6865 .By default, the\n+000422e0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2069 6e74 boot loader int\n+000422f0: 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 6163 6365 7373 erface is access\n+00042300: 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 616e 796f 6e65 2077 ible to anyone w\n+00042310: 6974 680a 7068 7973 6963 616c 2061 6363 ith.physical acc\n+00042320: 6573 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f ess to the conso\n+00042330: 6c65 3a20 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e 2073 le: anyone can s\n+00042340: 656c 6563 7420 616e 6420 6564 6974 2061 elect and edit a\n+00042350: 6e79 206d 656e 750a 656e 7472 792c 2061 ny menu.entry, a\n+00042360: 6e64 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 6765 nd anyone can ge\n+00042370: 7420 6469 7265 6374 2061 6363 6573 7320 t direct access \n+00042380: 746f 2061 2047 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 to a GRUB shell \n+00042390: 7072 6f6d 7074 2e20 2046 6f72 0a6d 6f73 prompt. For.mos\n+000423a0: 7420 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 6869 7320 t systems, this \n+000423b0: 6973 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 7369 is reasonable si\n+000423c0: 6e63 6520 616e 796f 6e65 2077 6974 6820 nce anyone with \n+000423d0: 6469 7265 6374 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c0a direct physical.\n+000423e0: 6163 6365 7373 2068 6173 2061 2076 6172 access has a var\n+000423f0: 6965 7479 206f 6620 6f74 6865 7220 7761 iety of other wa\n+00042400: 7973 2074 6f20 6761 696e 2066 756c 6c20 ys to gain full \n+00042410: 6163 6365 7373 2c20 616e 6420 7265 7175 access, and requ\n+00042420: 6972 696e 670a 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 iring.authentica\n+00042430: 7469 6f6e 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 tion at the boot\n+00042440: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 776f loader level wo\n+00042450: 756c 6420 6f6e 6c79 2073 6572 7665 2074 uld only serve t\n+00042460: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 740a 6469 6666 6963 o make it.diffic\n+00042470: 756c 7420 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 2062 ult to recover b\n+00042480: 726f 6b65 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a roken systems...\n+00042490: 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 696e 2073 However, in s\n+000424a0: 6f6d 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 ome environments\n+000424b0: 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 6b69 6f73 6b73 , such as kiosks\n+000424c0: 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 6170 7072 , it may be appr\n+000424d0: 6f70 7269 6174 650a 746f 206c 6f63 6b20 opriate.to lock \n+000424e0: 646f 776e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f down the boot lo\n+000424f0: 6164 6572 2074 6f20 7265 7175 6972 6520 ader to require \n+00042500: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2062 authentication b\n+00042510: 6566 6f72 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 efore performing\n+00042520: 0a63 6572 7461 696e 206f 7065 7261 7469 .certain operati\n+00042530: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 ons... The ...\n+00042540: 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f password... (*no\n+00042550: 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 3a29 2061 te password::) a\n+00042560: 6e64 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 nd ...password_p\n+00042570: 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a bkdf2... (*note.\n+00042580: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a password_pbkdf2:\n+00042590: 3a29 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6361 6e20 :) commands can \n+000425a0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2064 6566 696e be used to defin\n+000425b0: 6520 7573 6572 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 e users, each of\n+000425c0: 2077 6869 6368 0a68 6173 2061 6e20 6173 which.has an as\n+000425d0: 736f 6369 6174 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 sociated passwor\n+000425e0: 642e 2020 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 d. ...password.\n+000425f0: 8099 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 7061 7373 .. sets the pass\n+00042600: 776f 7264 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 7465 word in plain te\n+00042610: 7874 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 e280 xt,.requiring ..\n+00042620: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 .grub.cfg... to \n+00042630: 6265 2073 6563 7572 653b 20e2 8098 7061 be secure; ...pa\n+00042640: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 ssword_pbkdf2...\n+00042650: 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f sets the passwo\n+00042660: 7264 0a68 6173 6865 6420 7573 696e 6720 rd.hashed using \n+00042670: 7468 6520 5061 7373 776f 7264 2d42 6173 the Password-Bas\n+00042680: 6564 204b 6579 2044 6572 6976 6174 696f ed Key Derivatio\n+00042690: 6e20 4675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2028 5246 4320 n Function (RFC \n+000426a0: 3238 3938 292c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 6e67 2898),.requiring\n+000426b0: 2074 6865 2075 7365 206f 6620 e280 9867 the use of ...g\n+000426c0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n+000426d0: 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e df2... (*note In\n+000426e0: 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking.grub-mkpa\n+000426f0: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 2074 sswd-pbkdf2::) t\n+00042700: 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 o generate passw\n+00042710: 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 ord hashes... \n+00042720: 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 656e 6162 In order to enab\n+00042730: 6c65 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f le authenticatio\n+00042740: 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 742c 2074 6865 20e2 n support, the .\n+00042750: 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 990a ..superusers....\n+00042760: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00042770: 6162 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 able must be set\n+00042780: 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7573 to a list of us\n+00042790: 6572 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 ernames, separat\n+000427a0: 6564 2062 790a 616e 7920 6f66 2073 7061 ed by.any of spa\n+000427b0: 6365 732c 2063 6f6d 6d61 732c 2073 656d ces, commas, sem\n+000427c0: 6963 6f6c 6f6e 732c 2070 6970 6573 2c20 icolons, pipes, \n+000427d0: 6f72 2061 6d70 6572 7361 6e64 732e 2020 or ampersands. \n+000427e0: 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2061 7265 0a70 Superusers are.p\n+000427f0: 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 ermitted to use \n+00042800: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the GRUB command\n+00042810: 206c 696e 652c 2065 6469 7420 6d65 6e75 line, edit menu\n+00042820: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6578 entries, and ex\n+00042830: 6563 7574 650a 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 ecute.any menu e\n+00042840: 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 e280 9873 7570 ntry. If ...sup\n+00042850: 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 erusers... is se\n+00042860: 742c 2074 6865 6e20 7573 6520 6f66 2074 t, then use of t\n+00042870: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 650a he command line.\n+00042880: 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 206d and editing of m\n+00042890: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6172 6520 enu entries are \n+000428a0: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7265 automatically re\n+000428b0: 7374 7269 6374 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7065 stricted to supe\n+000428c0: 7275 7365 7273 2e0a 5365 7474 696e 6720 rusers..Setting \n+000428d0: e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 ...superusers...\n+000428e0: 2074 6f20 656d 7074 7920 7374 7269 6e67 to empty string\n+000428f0: 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2064 6973 effectively dis\n+00042900: 6162 6c65 7320 626f 7468 2061 6363 6573 ables both acces\n+00042910: 7320 746f 0a43 4c49 2061 6e64 2065 6469 s to.CLI and edi\n+00042920: 7469 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ting of menu ent\n+00042930: 7269 6573 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 ries. Note: The\n+00042940: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00042950: 6961 626c 6520 6e65 6564 730a 746f 2062 iable needs.to b\n+00042960: 6520 6578 706f 7274 6564 2074 6f20 616c e exported to al\n+00042970: 736f 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 7365 so affect the se\n+00042980: 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 ction defined by\n+00042990: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7375 626d 656e 75e2 the ...submenu.\n+000429a0: 8099 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...command (*not\n+000429b0: 6520 7375 626d 656e 753a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 e submenu::)... \n+000429c0: 2020 4f74 6865 7220 7573 6572 7320 6d61 Other users ma\n+000429d0: 7920 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2074 6f20 y be allowed to \n+000429e0: 6578 6563 7574 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 execute specific\n+000429f0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6279 menu entries by\n+00042a00: 2067 6976 696e 670a 6120 6c69 7374 206f giving.a list o\n+00042a10: 6620 7573 6572 6e61 6d65 7320 2861 7320 f usernames (as \n+00042a20: 6162 6f76 6529 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 above) using the\n+00042a30: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 206f ...--users... o\n+00042a40: 7074 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 ption to the....\n+00042a50: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d menuentry... com\n+00042a60: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d65 6e75 mand (*note menu\n+00042a70: 656e 7472 793a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 entry::). If th\n+00042a80: 6520 e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 e ...--unrestric\n+00042a90: 7465 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 6973 ted... option.is\n+00042aa0: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 used for a menu\n+00042ab0: 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6861 entry, then tha\n+00042ac0: 7420 656e 7472 7920 6973 2075 6e72 6573 t entry is unres\n+00042ad0: 7472 6963 7465 642e 2020 4966 2074 6865 tricted. If the\n+00042ae0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 206f ....--users... o\n+00042af0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7365 ption is not use\n+00042b00: 6420 666f 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 d for a menu ent\n+00042b10: 7279 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6861 7420 6f6e ry, then that on\n+00042b20: 6c79 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 6172 ly superusers.ar\n+00042b30: 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 e able to use it\n+00042b40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 ... Putting th\n+00042b50: 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2061 2074 is together, a t\n+00042b60: 7970 6963 616c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 ypical ...grub.c\n+00042b70: 6667 e280 9920 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 206d fg... fragment m\n+00042b80: 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 ight look like.t\n+00042b90: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2073 his:.. set s\n+00042ba0: 7570 6572 7573 6572 733d 2272 6f6f 7422 uperusers=\"root\"\n+00042bb0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 . password_p\n+00042bc0: 626b 6466 3220 726f 6f74 2067 7275 622e bkdf2 root grub.\n+00042bd0: 7062 6b64 6632 2e73 6861 3531 322e 3130 pbkdf2.sha512.10\n+00042be0: 3030 302e 6269 676c 6f6e 6773 7472 696e 000.biglongstrin\n+00042bf0: 670a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 g. password \n+00042c00: 7573 6572 3120 696e 7365 6375 7265 0a0a user1 insecure..\n+00042c10: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+00042c20: 4d61 7920 6265 2072 756e 2062 7920 616e May be run by an\n+00042c30: 7920 7573 6572 2220 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 y user\" --unrest\n+00042c40: 7269 6374 6564 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 ricted {. .s\n+00042c50: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a et root=(hd0,1).\n+00042c60: 2020 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c .linux /vml\n+00042c70: 696e 757a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 inuz. }.. \n+00042c80: 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2253 7570 menuentry \"Sup\n+00042c90: 6572 7573 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 2220 2d2d erusers only\" --\n+00042ca0: 7573 6572 7320 2222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 users \"\" {. \n+00042cb0: 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 .set root=(hd0,1\n+00042cc0: 290a 2020 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 ). .linux /v\n+00042cd0: 6d6c 696e 757a 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 mlinuz single. \n+00042ce0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n+00042cf0: 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 7920 6265 2072 756e ntry \"May be run\n+00042d00: 2062 7920 7573 6572 3120 6f72 2061 2073 by user1 or a s\n+00042d10: 7570 6572 7573 6572 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 uperuser\" --user\n+00042d20: 7320 7573 6572 3120 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 s user1 {. .\n+00042d30: 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3229 set root=(hd0,2)\n+00042d40: 0a20 2020 2020 0963 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 . .chainload\n+00042d50: 6572 202b 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 er +1. }.. \n+00042d60: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 The ...grub-mkc\n+00042d70: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d onfig... program\n+00042d80: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6861 does not yet ha\n+00042d90: 7665 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 7375 7070 ve built-in supp\n+00042da0: 6f72 7420 666f 720a 6765 6e65 7261 7469 ort for.generati\n+00042db0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ng configuration\n+00042dc0: 2066 696c 6573 2077 6974 6820 6175 7468 files with auth\n+00042dd0: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2059 6f75 entication. You\n+00042de0: 2063 616e 2075 7365 0ae2 8098 2f65 7463 can use..../etc\n+00042df0: 2f67 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f /grub.d/40_custo\n+00042e00: 6de2 8099 2074 6f20 6164 6420 7369 6d70 m... to add simp\n+00042e10: 6c65 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 2061 7574 le superuser aut\n+00042e20: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2c 2062 790a hentication, by.\n+00042e30: 6164 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 7365 7420 7375 adding ...set su\n+00042e40: 7065 7275 7365 7273 3de2 8099 2061 6e64 perusers=... and\n+00042e50: 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 ...password... \n+00042e60: 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 or ...password_p\n+00042e70: 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 bkdf2... command\n+00042e80: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00042e90: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 .info, Node: Us\n+00042ea0: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+00042eb0: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 atures, Next: U\n+00042ec0: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI secure boot \n+00042ed0: 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2050 7265 763a and shim, Prev:\n+00042ee0: 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 Authentication \n+00042ef0: 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f and authorisatio\n+00042f00: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 n, Up: Security\n+00042f10: 0a0a 3139 2e32 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 ..19.2 Using dig\n+00042f20: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 ital signatures \n+00042f30: 696e 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d in GRUB.========\n 00042f40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 =========..GRUB'\n-00042f60: 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 s ...core.img...\n-00042f70: 2063 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 can optionally \n-00042f80: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 656e 666f 7263 656d provide enforcem\n-00042f90: 656e 7420 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 2066 696c ent that all fil\n-00042fa0: 6573 0a73 7562 7365 7175 656e 746c 7920 es.subsequently \n-00042fb0: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 6469 736b 2061 read from disk a\n-00042fc0: 7265 2063 6f76 6572 6564 2062 7920 6120 re covered by a \n-00042fd0: 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 valid digital si\n-00042fe0: 676e 6174 7572 652e 0a54 6869 7320 646f gnature..This do\n-00042ff0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 cument does *not\n-00043000: 2a20 636f 7665 7220 686f 7720 746f 2065 * cover how to e\n-00043010: 6e73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 nsure that your \n-00043020: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2773 0a66 6972 6d77 platform's.firmw\n-00043030: 6172 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 are (e.g., Coreb\n-00043040: 6f6f 7429 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 20e2 oot) validates .\n-00043050: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a ..core.img......\n-00043060: 2020 2049 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e If environmen\n-00043070: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 t variable ...ch\n-00043080: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n-00043090: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 . (*note check_s\n-000430a0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 0a69 7320 ignatures::).is \n-000430b0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 set to ...enforc\n-000430c0: 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2065 7665 7279 e..., then every\n-000430d0: 2061 7474 656d 7074 2062 7920 7468 6520 attempt by the \n-000430e0: 4752 5542 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 GRUB ...core.img\n-000430f0: e280 9920 746f 206c 6f61 640a 616e 6f74 ... to load.anot\n-00043100: 6865 7220 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 her file ...foo.\n-00043110: 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 7920 696e .. implicitly in\n-00043120: 766f 6b65 7320 e280 9876 6572 6966 795f vokes ...verify_\n-00043130: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2066 6f6f 2066 6f6f detached foo foo\n-00043140: 2e73 6967 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2076 .sig....(*note v\n-00043150: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a erify_detached::\n-00043160: 292e 2020 e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 ). ...foo.sig..\n-00043170: 9920 6d75 7374 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 . must contain a\n-00043180: 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a73 valid digital.s\n-00043190: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 206f 7665 7220 7468 ignature over th\n-000431a0: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 e contents of ..\n-000431b0: 9866 6f6f e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2063 .foo..., which c\n-000431c0: 616e 2062 6520 7665 7269 6669 6564 2077 an be verified w\n-000431d0: 6974 6820 610a 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 ith a.public key\n-000431e0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 7275 7374 currently trust\n-000431f0: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 ed by GRUB (*not\n-00043200: 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a e list_trusted::\n-00043210: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c , *note.trust::,\n-00043220: 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 and *note distr\n-00043230: 7573 743a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7661 6c69 ust::). If vali\n-00043240: 6461 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 7468 dation fails, th\n-00043250: 656e 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 en file ...foo..\n-00043260: 990a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6f70 656e ..cannot be open\n-00043270: 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6661 696c 7572 ed. This failur\n-00043280: 6520 6d61 7920 6861 6c74 206f 7220 6f74 e may halt or ot\n-00043290: 6865 7277 6973 6520 696d 7061 6374 2074 herwise impact t\n-000432a0: 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 7072 6f63 6573 732e he boot.process.\n-000432b0: 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 696e 6974 6961 6c20 .. An initial \n-000432c0: 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b trusted public k\n-000432d0: 6579 2063 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 ey can be embedd\n-000432e0: 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 4752 ed within the GR\n-000432f0: 5542 0ae2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 UB....core.img..\n-00043300: 9920 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d . using the ...-\n-00043310: 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f -pubkey... optio\n-00043320: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 n to ...grub-ins\n-00043330: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 tall... (*note I\n-00043340: 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking.grub-ins\n-00043350: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 tall::)... GRU\n-00043360: 4220 7573 6573 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 B uses GPG-style\n-00043370: 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 detached signat\n-00043380: 7572 6573 2028 6d65 616e 696e 6720 7468 ures (meaning th\n-00043390: 6174 2061 2066 696c 650a e280 9866 6f6f at a file....foo\n-000433a0: 2e73 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 .sig... will be \n-000433b0: 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6669 produced when fi\n-000433c0: 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 7320 le ...foo... is \n-000433d0: 7369 676e 6564 292c 2061 6e64 2063 7572 signed), and cur\n-000433e0: 7265 6e74 6c79 0a73 7570 706f 7274 7320 rently.supports \n-000433f0: 7468 6520 4453 4120 616e 6420 5253 4120 the DSA and RSA \n-00043400: 7369 676e 696e 6720 616c 676f 7269 7468 signing algorith\n-00043410: 6d73 2e20 2041 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b ms. A signing k\n-00043420: 6579 2063 616e 2062 650a 6765 6e65 7261 ey can be.genera\n-00043430: 7465 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a ted as follows:.\n-00043440: 0a20 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6765 6e2d . gpg --gen-\n-00043450: 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e64 6976 key.. An indiv\n-00043460: 6964 7561 6c20 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 idual file can b\n-00043470: 6520 7369 676e 6564 2061 7320 666f 6c6c e signed as foll\n-00043480: 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d ows:.. gpg -\n-00043490: 2d64 6574 6163 682d 7369 676e 202f 7061 -detach-sign /pa\n-000434a0: 7468 2f74 6f2f 6669 6c65 0a0a 2020 2046 th/to/file.. F\n-000434b0: 6f72 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c20 7661 or successful va\n-000434c0: 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 616c 6c20 lidation of all \n-000434d0: 6f66 2047 5255 4227 7320 7375 6263 6f6d of GRUB's subcom\n-000434e0: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 616e 6420 7468 650a ponents and the.\n-000434f0: 6c6f 6164 6564 204f 5320 6b65 726e 656c loaded OS kernel\n-00043500: 2c20 7468 6579 206d 7573 7420 616c 6c20 , they must all \n-00043510: 6265 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 4f6e 6520 be signed. One \n-00043520: 7761 7920 746f 2061 6363 6f6d 706c 6973 way to accomplis\n-00043530: 6820 7468 6973 0a69 7320 7468 6520 666f h this.is the fo\n-00043540: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 2861 6674 6572 2068 llowing (after h\n-00043550: 6176 696e 6720 616c 7265 6164 7920 7072 aving already pr\n-00043560: 6f64 7563 6564 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 oduced the desir\n-00043570: 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 ed ...grub.cfg..\n-00043580: 990a 6669 6c65 2c20 652e 672e 2c20 6279 ..file, e.g., by\n-00043590: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 running ...grub\n-000435a0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e -mkconfig... (*n\n-000435b0: 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ote Invoking gru\n-000435c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 293a 0a0a b-mkconfig::):..\n-000435d0: 2020 2020 2023 2045 6469 7420 2f64 6576 # Edit /dev\n-000435e0: 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e /shm/passphrase.\n-000435f0: 7478 7420 746f 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2079 txt to contain y\n-00043600: 6f75 7220 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7927 our signing key'\n-00043610: 7320 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 0a20 2020 s passphrase. \n-00043620: 2020 666f 7220 6920 696e 2060 6669 6e64 for i in `find\n-00043630: 202f 626f 6f74 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e /boot -name \"*.\n-00043640: 6366 6722 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 cfg\" -or -name \"\n-00043650: 2a2e 6c73 7422 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 *.lst\" -or \\. \n-00043660: 2020 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e6d 6f64 -name \"*.mod\n-00043670: 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 2276 6d6c \" -or -name \"vml\n-00043680: 696e 757a 2a22 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 inuz*\" -or -name\n-00043690: 2022 696e 6974 7264 2a22 202d 6f72 205c \"initrd*\" -or \\\n-000436a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 2267 . -name \"g\n-000436b0: 7275 6265 6e76 2260 3b0a 2020 2020 2064 rubenv\"`;. d\n-000436c0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d62 o. gpg --b\n-000436d0: 6174 6368 202d 2d64 6574 6163 682d 7369 atch --detach-si\n-000436e0: 676e 202d 2d70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652d gn --passphrase-\n-000436f0: 6664 2030 2024 6920 3c20 5c0a 2020 2020 fd 0 $i < \\. \n-00043700: 2020 2020 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 /dev/shm/pa\n-00043710: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 ssphrase.txt. \n-00043720: 2020 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7368 7265 done. shre\n-00043730: 6420 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 d /dev/shm/passp\n-00043740: 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a 0a20 2020 5365 hrase.txt.. Se\n-00043750: 6520 616c 736f 3a20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 e also: *note ch\n-00043760: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a eck_signatures::\n-00043770: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 , *note verify_d\n-00043780: 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 etached::, *note\n-00043790: 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 .trust::, *note \n-000437a0: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 list_trusted::, \n-000437b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a *note distrust::\n-000437c0: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 , *note load_env\n-000437d0: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7361 7665 5f65 ::, *note.save_e\n-000437e0: 6e76 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 nv::... Note t\n-000437f0: 6861 7420 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 2073 hat internally s\n-00043800: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 ignature enforce\n-00043810: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c ment is controll\n-00043820: 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 ed by setting.th\n-00043830: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 e environment va\n-00043840: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n-00043850: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6571 signatures... eq\n-00043860: 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 ual to ...enforc\n-00043870: 65e2 8099 2e20 2050 6173 7369 6e67 0a6f e.... Passing.o\n-00043880: 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 20e2 8098 2d2d ne or more ...--\n-00043890: 7075 626b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e pubkey... option\n-000438a0: 7320 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 s to ...grub-mki\n-000438b0: 6d61 6765 e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 6974 mage... implicit\n-000438c0: 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6573 0ae2 8098 6368 ly defines....ch\n-000438d0: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n-000438e0: 9920 6571 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 656e . equal to ...en\n-000438f0: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 9863 force... in ...c\n-00043900: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2070 7269 6f72 ore.img... prior\n-00043910: 2074 6f20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 0a61 to processing.a\n-00043920: 6e79 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ny configuration\n-00043930: 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 files... Note\n-00043940: 2074 6861 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 that signature \n-00043950: 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e checking does *n\n-00043960: 6f74 2a20 7072 6576 656e 7420 616e 2061 ot* prevent an a\n-00043970: 7474 6163 6b65 7220 7769 7468 0a28 7365 ttacker with.(se\n-00043980: 7269 616c 2c20 7068 7973 6963 616c 2c20 rial, physical, \n-00043990: 2e2e 2e29 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6163 ...) console ac\n-000439a0: 6365 7373 2066 726f 6d20 6472 6f70 7069 cess from droppi\n-000439b0: 6e67 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 746f 2074 ng manually to t\n-000439c0: 6865 0a47 5255 4220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 he.GRUB console \n-000439d0: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e 673a 0a0a and executing:..\n-000439e0: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2063 6865 636b 5f73 set check_s\n-000439f0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733d 6e6f 0a0a 2020 ignatures=no.. \n-00043a00: 2054 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 7468 6973 To prevent this\n-00043a10: 2c20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2d70 726f 7465 , password-prote\n-00043a20: 6374 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2041 7574 ction (*note Aut\n-00043a30: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 640a hentication and.\n-00043a40: 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 authorisation::)\n-00043a50: 2069 7320 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 is essential. \n-00043a60: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6576 656e 2077 Note that even w\n-00043a70: 6974 6820 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ith GRUB passwor\n-00043a80: 640a 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2c20 4752 d.protection, GR\n-00043a90: 5542 2069 7473 656c 6620 6361 6e6e 6f74 UB itself cannot\n-00043aa0: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 6f6d 656f 6e65 prevent someone\n-00043ab0: 2077 6974 6820 7068 7973 6963 616c 2061 with physical a\n-00043ac0: 6363 6573 7320 746f 0a74 6865 206d 6163 ccess to.the mac\n-00043ad0: 6869 6e65 2066 726f 6d20 616c 7465 7269 hine from alteri\n-00043ae0: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6368 696e 6527 ng that machine'\n-00043af0: 7320 6669 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e s firmware (e.g.\n-00043b00: 2c20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 206f 720a 4249 , Coreboot or.BI\n-00043b10: 4f53 2920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f OS) configuratio\n-00043b20: 6e20 746f 2063 6175 7365 2074 6865 206d n to cause the m\n-00043b30: 6163 6869 6e65 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 achine to boot f\n-00043b40: 726f 6d20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 740a rom a different.\n-00043b50: 2861 7474 6163 6b65 722d 636f 6e74 726f (attacker-contro\n-00043b60: 6c6c 6564 2920 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2047 lled) device. G\n-00043b70: 5255 4220 6973 2061 7420 6265 7374 206f RUB is at best o\n-00043b80: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 6c69 6e6b 2069 6e20 nly one link in \n-00043b90: 6120 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6368 a secure.boot ch\n-00043ba0: 6169 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ain.....File: gr\n-00043bb0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00043bc0: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n-00043bd0: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 and shim, Next\n-00043be0: 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 : Secure Boot Ad\n-00043bf0: 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 vanced Targeting\n-00043c00: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 , Prev: Using d\n-00043c10: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n-00043c20: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 s, Up: Security\n-00043c30: 0a0a 3139 2e33 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 ..19.3 UEFI secu\n-00043c40: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n-00043c50: 2073 7570 706f 7274 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d support.=======\n+00042f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n+00042f60: 5255 4227 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d RUB's ...core.im\n+00042f70: 67e2 8099 2063 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 g... can optiona\n+00042f80: 6c6c 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 656e 666f lly provide enfo\n+00042f90: 7263 656d 656e 7420 7468 6174 2061 6c6c rcement that all\n+00042fa0: 2066 696c 6573 0a73 7562 7365 7175 656e files.subsequen\n+00042fb0: 746c 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 6469 tly read from di\n+00042fc0: 736b 2061 7265 2063 6f76 6572 6564 2062 sk are covered b\n+00042fd0: 7920 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 7461 y a valid digita\n+00042fe0: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 652e 0a54 6869 l signature..Thi\n+00042ff0: 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 s document does \n+00043000: 2a6e 6f74 2a20 636f 7665 7220 686f 7720 *not* cover how \n+00043010: 746f 2065 6e73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2079 to ensure that y\n+00043020: 6f75 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2773 0a66 our platform's.f\n+00043030: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 irmware (e.g., C\n+00043040: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7429 2076 616c 6964 6174 oreboot) validat\n+00043050: 6573 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 es ...core.img..\n+00043060: 992e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 656e 7669 726f .... If enviro\n+00043070: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n+00043080: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n+00043090: 6573 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 es... (*note che\n+000430a0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 ck_signatures::)\n+000430b0: 0a69 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e .is set to ...en\n+000430c0: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2065 force..., then e\n+000430d0: 7665 7279 2061 7474 656d 7074 2062 7920 very attempt by \n+000430e0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 20e2 8098 636f 7265 the GRUB ...core\n+000430f0: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 746f 206c 6f61 640a .img... to load.\n+00043100: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 another file ...\n+00043110: 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 746c foo... implicitl\n+00043120: 7920 696e 766f 6b65 7320 e280 9876 6572 y invokes ...ver\n+00043130: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2066 6f6f ify_detached foo\n+00043140: 2066 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 990a 282a 6e6f foo.sig....(*no\n+00043150: 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 te verify_detach\n+00043160: 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 ed::). ...foo.s\n+00043170: 6967 e280 9920 6d75 7374 2063 6f6e 7461 ig... must conta\n+00043180: 696e 2061 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 in a valid digit\n+00043190: 616c 0a73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 206f 7665 al.signature ove\n+000431a0: 7220 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f r the contents o\n+000431b0: 6620 e280 9866 6f6f e280 992c 2077 6869 f ...foo..., whi\n+000431c0: 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7665 7269 6669 ch can be verifi\n+000431d0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 610a 7075 626c 6963 ed with a.public\n+000431e0: 206b 6579 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 key currently t\n+000431f0: 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2028 rusted by GRUB (\n+00043200: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 *note list_trust\n+00043210: 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 7573 ed::, *note.trus\n+00043220: 743a 3a2c 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 t::, and *note d\n+00043230: 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 istrust::). If \n+00043240: 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 validation fails\n+00043250: 2c20 7468 656e 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 , then file ...f\n+00043260: 6f6f e280 990a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 oo....cannot be \n+00043270: 6f70 656e 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6661 opened. This fa\n+00043280: 696c 7572 6520 6d61 7920 6861 6c74 206f ilure may halt o\n+00043290: 7220 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 696d 7061 r otherwise impa\n+000432a0: 6374 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 7072 6f63 ct the boot.proc\n+000432b0: 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 696e 6974 ess... An init\n+000432c0: 6961 6c20 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 626c ial trusted publ\n+000432d0: 6963 206b 6579 2063 616e 2062 6520 656d ic key can be em\n+000432e0: 6265 6464 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 bedded within th\n+000432f0: 6520 4752 5542 0ae2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 e GRUB....core.i\n+00043300: 6d67 e280 9920 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 mg... using the \n+00043310: e280 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 206f ...--pubkey... o\n+00043320: 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ption to ...grub\n+00043330: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f -install... (*no\n+00043340: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 te Invoking.grub\n+00043350: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 -install::)... \n+00043360: 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5047 2d73 GRUB uses GPG-s\n+00043370: 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 tyle detached si\n+00043380: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2028 6d65 616e 696e gnatures (meanin\n+00043390: 6720 7468 6174 2061 2066 696c 650a e280 g that a file...\n+000433a0: 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c .foo.sig... will\n+000433b0: 2062 6520 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2077 6865 be produced whe\n+000433c0: 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 n file ...foo...\n+000433d0: 2069 7320 7369 676e 6564 292c 2061 6e64 is signed), and\n+000433e0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a73 7570 706f currently.suppo\n+000433f0: 7274 7320 7468 6520 4453 4120 616e 6420 rts the DSA and \n+00043400: 5253 4120 7369 676e 696e 6720 616c 676f RSA signing algo\n+00043410: 7269 7468 6d73 2e20 2041 2073 6967 6e69 rithms. A signi\n+00043420: 6e67 206b 6579 2063 616e 2062 650a 6765 ng key can be.ge\n+00043430: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f nerated as follo\n+00043440: 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d ws:.. gpg --\n+00043450: 6765 6e2d 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 416e 2069 gen-key.. An i\n+00043460: 6e64 6976 6964 7561 6c20 6669 6c65 2063 ndividual file c\n+00043470: 616e 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2061 7320 an be signed as \n+00043480: 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 follows:.. g\n+00043490: 7067 202d 2d64 6574 6163 682d 7369 676e pg --detach-sign\n+000434a0: 202f 7061 7468 2f74 6f2f 6669 6c65 0a0a /path/to/file..\n+000434b0: 2020 2046 6f72 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 For successfu\n+000434c0: 6c20 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 l validation of \n+000434d0: 616c 6c20 6f66 2047 5255 4227 7320 7375 all of GRUB's su\n+000434e0: 6263 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 616e 6420 bcomponents and \n+000434f0: 7468 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 204f 5320 6b65 the.loaded OS ke\n+00043500: 726e 656c 2c20 7468 6579 206d 7573 7420 rnel, they must \n+00043510: 616c 6c20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 all be signed. \n+00043520: 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 746f 2061 6363 6f6d One way to accom\n+00043530: 706c 6973 6820 7468 6973 0a69 7320 7468 plish this.is th\n+00043540: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 2861 6674 e following (aft\n+00043550: 6572 2068 6176 696e 6720 616c 7265 6164 er having alread\n+00043560: 7920 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2074 6865 2064 y produced the d\n+00043570: 6573 6972 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 esired ...grub.c\n+00043580: 6667 e280 990a 6669 6c65 2c20 652e 672e fg....file, e.g.\n+00043590: 2c20 6279 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 , by running ...\n+000435a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+000435b0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 (*note Invoking\n+000435c0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a grub-mkconfig::\n+000435d0: 293a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2045 6469 7420 ):.. # Edit \n+000435e0: 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 /dev/shm/passphr\n+000435f0: 6173 652e 7478 7420 746f 2063 6f6e 7461 ase.txt to conta\n+00043600: 696e 2079 6f75 7220 7369 676e 696e 6720 in your signing \n+00043610: 6b65 7927 7320 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 key's passphrase\n+00043620: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 6920 696e 2060 . for i in `\n+00043630: 6669 6e64 202f 626f 6f74 202d 6e61 6d65 find /boot -name\n+00043640: 2022 2a2e 6366 6722 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 \"*.cfg\" -or -na\n+00043650: 6d65 2022 2a2e 6c73 7422 202d 6f72 205c me \"*.lst\" -or \\\n+00043660: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 222a . -name \"*\n+00043670: 2e6d 6f64 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 .mod\" -or -name \n+00043680: 2276 6d6c 696e 757a 2a22 202d 6f72 202d \"vmlinuz*\" -or -\n+00043690: 6e61 6d65 2022 696e 6974 7264 2a22 202d name \"initrd*\" -\n+000436a0: 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2d6e 616d or \\. -nam\n+000436b0: 6520 2267 7275 6265 6e76 2260 3b0a 2020 e \"grubenv\"`;. \n+000436c0: 2020 2064 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2067 7067 do. gpg\n+000436d0: 202d 2d62 6174 6368 202d 2d64 6574 6163 --batch --detac\n+000436e0: 682d 7369 676e 202d 2d70 6173 7370 6872 h-sign --passphr\n+000436f0: 6173 652d 6664 2030 2024 6920 3c20 5c0a ase-fd 0 $i < \\.\n+00043700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 6465 762f 7368 /dev/sh\n+00043710: 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 m/passphrase.txt\n+00043720: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 . done. \n+00043730: 7368 7265 6420 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 shred /dev/shm/p\n+00043740: 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a 0a20 assphrase.txt.. \n+00043750: 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 3a20 2a6e 6f74 See also: *not\n+00043760: 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 e check_signatur\n+00043770: 6573 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 es::, *note veri\n+00043780: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a2c 202a fy_detached::, *\n+00043790: 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e note.trust::, *n\n+000437a0: 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 ote list_trusted\n+000437b0: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 ::, *note distru\n+000437c0: 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 st::, *note load\n+000437d0: 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7361 _env::, *note.sa\n+000437e0: 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f ve_env::... No\n+000437f0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e 7465 726e 616c te that internal\n+00043800: 6c79 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2065 6e66 ly signature enf\n+00043810: 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 636f 6e74 orcement is cont\n+00043820: 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e rolled by settin\n+00043830: 670a 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e g.the environmen\n+00043840: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 t variable ...ch\n+00043850: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n+00043860: 9920 6571 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 656e . equal to ...en\n+00043870: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 2050 6173 7369 force.... Passi\n+00043880: 6e67 0a6f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 20e2 ng.one or more .\n+00043890: 8098 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 ..--pubkey... op\n+000438a0: 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 tions to ...grub\n+000438b0: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 696d 706c -mkimage... impl\n+000438c0: 6963 6974 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6573 0ae2 icitly defines..\n+000438d0: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n+000438e0: 6573 e280 9920 6571 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 es... equal to .\n+000438f0: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2069 6e20 ..enforce... in \n+00043900: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2070 ...core.img... p\n+00043910: 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 rior to processi\n+00043920: 6e67 0a61 6e79 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ng.any configura\n+00043930: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 tion files... \n+00043940: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7369 676e 6174 Note that signat\n+00043950: 7572 6520 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2064 6f65 ure checking doe\n+00043960: 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 7072 6576 656e 7420 s *not* prevent \n+00043970: 616e 2061 7474 6163 6b65 7220 7769 7468 an attacker with\n+00043980: 0a28 7365 7269 616c 2c20 7068 7973 6963 .(serial, physic\n+00043990: 616c 2c20 2e2e 2e29 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c al, ...) consol\n+000439a0: 6520 6163 6365 7373 2066 726f 6d20 6472 e access from dr\n+000439b0: 6f70 7069 6e67 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 opping manually \n+000439c0: 746f 2074 6865 0a47 5255 4220 636f 6e73 to the.GRUB cons\n+000439d0: 6f6c 6520 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e ole and executin\n+000439e0: 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2063 6865 g:.. set che\n+000439f0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733d 6e6f ck_signatures=no\n+00043a00: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 .. To prevent \n+00043a10: 7468 6973 2c20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2d70 this, password-p\n+00043a20: 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 rotection (*note\n+00043a30: 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 Authentication \n+00043a40: 616e 640a 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f and.authorisatio\n+00043a50: 6e3a 3a29 2069 7320 6573 7365 6e74 6961 n::) is essentia\n+00043a60: 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6576 l. Note that ev\n+00043a70: 656e 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2070 6173 en with GRUB pas\n+00043a80: 7377 6f72 640a 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e sword.protection\n+00043a90: 2c20 4752 5542 2069 7473 656c 6620 6361 , GRUB itself ca\n+00043aa0: 6e6e 6f74 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 6f6d nnot prevent som\n+00043ab0: 656f 6e65 2077 6974 6820 7068 7973 6963 eone with physic\n+00043ac0: 616c 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 0a74 6865 al access to.the\n+00043ad0: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2066 726f 6d20 616c machine from al\n+00043ae0: 7465 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6368 tering that mach\n+00043af0: 696e 6527 7320 6669 726d 7761 7265 2028 ine's firmware (\n+00043b00: 652e 672e 2c20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 206f e.g., Coreboot o\n+00043b10: 720a 4249 4f53 2920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 r.BIOS) configur\n+00043b20: 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2063 6175 7365 2074 ation to cause t\n+00043b30: 6865 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2074 6f20 626f he machine to bo\n+00043b40: 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6469 6666 6572 ot from a differ\n+00043b50: 656e 740a 2861 7474 6163 6b65 722d 636f ent.(attacker-co\n+00043b60: 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2920 6465 7669 6365 ntrolled) device\n+00043b70: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7420 6265 . GRUB is at be\n+00043b80: 7374 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 6c69 6e6b st only one link\n+00043b90: 2069 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f in a secure.boo\n+00043ba0: 7420 6368 6169 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 t chain.....File\n+00043bb0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00043bc0: 6465 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 de: UEFI secure \n+00043bd0: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 boot and shim, \n+00043be0: 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f Next: Secure Boo\n+00043bf0: 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 t Advanced Targe\n+00043c00: 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 7369 ting, Prev: Usi\n+00043c10: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n+00043c20: 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 tures, Up: Secu\n+00043c30: 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e33 2055 4546 4920 rity..19.3 UEFI \n+00043c40: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 secure boot and \n+00043c50: 7368 696d 2073 7570 706f 7274 0a3d 3d3d shim support.===\n 00043c60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043c70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00043c80: 0a54 6865 2047 5255 422c 2065 7863 6570 .The GRUB, excep\n-00043c90: 7420 7468 6520 e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f t the ...chainlo\n-00043ca0: 6164 6572 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c ader... command,\n-00043cb0: 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 works with the \n-00043cc0: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 UEFI secure.boot\n-00043cd0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d2e 2020 and the shim. \n-00043ce0: 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 This functionali\n-00043cf0: 7479 2069 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 ty is provided b\n-00043d00: 7920 7468 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b0a y the shim_lock.\n-00043d10: 7665 7269 6669 6572 2e20 2049 7420 6973 verifier. It is\n-00043d20: 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 built into the \n-00043d30: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 ...core.img... a\n-00043d40: 6e64 2069 7320 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 nd is registered\n-00043d50: 2069 6620 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a73 6563 if the UEFI.sec\n-00043d60: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 ure boot is enab\n-00043d70: 6c65 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6869 led. The ...shi\n-00043d80: 6d5f 6c6f 636b e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 m_lock... variab\n-00043d90: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 le is set to ...\n-00043da0: 79e2 8099 2077 6865 6e0a 7368 696d 5f6c y... when.shim_l\n-00043db0: 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 7320 ock verifier is \n-00043dc0: 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2e20 2049 6620 registered. If \n-00043dd0: 6974 2069 7320 6465 7369 7265 6420 746f it is desired to\n-00043de0: 2075 7365 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 use UEFI secure\n-00043df0: 0a62 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7368 .boot without sh\n-00043e00: 696d 2c20 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 6469 7361 im, one can disa\n-00043e10: 626c 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 6279 ble shim_lock by\n-00043e20: 2064 6973 6162 6c69 6e67 2073 6869 6d0a disabling shim.\n-00043e30: 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 verification wit\n-00043e40: 6820 4d6f 6b53 6253 7461 7465 2055 4546 h MokSbState UEF\n-00043e50: 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6279 I variable or by\n-00043e60: 2062 7569 6c64 696e 6720 6772 7562 2069 building grub i\n-00043e70: 6d61 6765 0a77 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d64 mage.with ...--d\n-00043e80: 6973 6162 6c65 2d73 6869 6d2d 6c6f 636b isable-shim-lock\n-00043e90: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 ... option... \n-00043ea0: 416c 6c20 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 All GRUB modules\n-00043eb0: 206e 6f74 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 not stored in t\n-00043ec0: 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 he ...core.img..\n-00043ed0: 992c 204f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2041 ., OS kernels, A\n-00043ee0: 4350 490a 7461 626c 6573 2c20 4465 7669 CPI.tables, Devi\n-00043ef0: 6365 2054 7265 6573 2c20 6574 632e 2020 ce Trees, etc. \n-00043f00: 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 have to be signe\n-00043f10: 642c 2065 2e67 2c20 7573 696e 6720 5047 d, e.g, using PG\n-00043f20: 502e 0a41 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c P..Additionally,\n-00043f30: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 the commands th\n-00043f40: 6174 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 at can be used t\n-00043f50: 6f20 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 5545 o subvert the UE\n-00043f60: 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 206d FI secure.boot m\n-00043f70: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2c20 7375 6368 2061 echanism, such a\n-00043f80: 7320 e280 9869 6f72 77e2 8099 2061 6e64 s ...iorw... and\n-00043f90: 20e2 8098 6d65 6d72 77e2 8099 2077 696c ...memrw... wil\n-00043fa0: 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 l not be availab\n-00043fb0: 6c65 2077 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 5545 4649 le when.the UEFI\n-00043fc0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 secure boot is \n-00043fd0: 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 enabled. This i\n-00043fe0: 7320 646f 6e65 2066 6f72 2073 6563 7572 s done for secur\n-00043ff0: 6974 7920 7265 6173 6f6e 7320 616e 640a ity reasons and.\n-00044000: 6172 6520 656e 666f 7263 6564 2062 7920 are enforced by \n-00044010: 7468 6520 4752 5542 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 the GRUB Lockdow\n-00044020: 6e20 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 282a 6e6f n mechanism (*no\n-00044030: 7465 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e0a te Lockdown::)..\n-00044040: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00044050: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 fo, Node: Secur\n-00044060: 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 e Boot Advanced \n-00044070: 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 Targeting, Next\n-00044080: 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c : Measured Boot,\n-00044090: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 Prev: UEFI sec\n-000440a0: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 ure boot and shi\n-000440b0: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 m, Up: Security\n-000440c0: 0a0a 3139 2e34 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 ..19.4 Embedded \n-000440d0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 information for \n-000440e0: 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 generation numbe\n-000440f0: 7220 6261 7365 6420 7265 766f 6361 7469 r based revocati\n-00044100: 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d on.=============\n+00043c70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00043c80: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2047 5255 422c 2065 ===..The GRUB, e\n+00043c90: 7863 6570 7420 7468 6520 e280 9863 6861 xcept the ...cha\n+00043ca0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 636f 6d6d inloader... comm\n+00043cb0: 616e 642c 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 6974 6820 and, works with \n+00043cc0: 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a the UEFI secure.\n+00043cd0: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6869 boot and the shi\n+00043ce0: 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f m. This functio\n+00043cf0: 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 7320 7072 6f76 6964 nality is provid\n+00043d00: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7368 696d 5f6c ed by the shim_l\n+00043d10: 6f63 6b0a 7665 7269 6669 6572 2e20 2049 ock.verifier. I\n+00043d20: 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 t is built into \n+00043d30: 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 the ...core.img.\n+00043d40: 8099 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7265 6769 7374 .. and is regist\n+00043d50: 6572 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 5545 4649 ered if the UEFI\n+00043d60: 0a73 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 .secure boot is \n+00043d70: 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 enabled. The ..\n+00043d80: 9873 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b e280 9920 7661 .shim_lock... va\n+00043d90: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f riable is set to\n+00043da0: 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2077 6865 6e0a 7368 ...y... when.sh\n+00043db0: 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 im_lock verifier\n+00043dc0: 2069 7320 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2e20 is registered. \n+00043dd0: 2049 6620 6974 2069 7320 6465 7369 7265 If it is desire\n+00043de0: 6420 746f 2075 7365 2055 4546 4920 7365 d to use UEFI se\n+00043df0: 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 6f75 cure.boot withou\n+00043e00: 7420 7368 696d 2c20 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 t shim, one can \n+00043e10: 6469 7361 626c 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 disable shim_loc\n+00043e20: 6b20 6279 2064 6973 6162 6c69 6e67 2073 k by disabling s\n+00043e30: 6869 6d0a 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e him.verification\n+00043e40: 2077 6974 6820 4d6f 6b53 6253 7461 7465 with MokSbState\n+00043e50: 2055 4546 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206f UEFI variable o\n+00043e60: 7220 6279 2062 7569 6c64 696e 6720 6772 r by building gr\n+00043e70: 7562 2069 6d61 6765 0a77 6974 6820 e280 ub image.with ..\n+00043e80: 982d 2d64 6973 6162 6c65 2d73 6869 6d2d .--disable-shim-\n+00043e90: 6c6f 636b e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a lock... option..\n+00043ea0: 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 4752 5542 206d 6f64 . All GRUB mod\n+00043eb0: 756c 6573 206e 6f74 2073 746f 7265 6420 ules not stored \n+00043ec0: 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 in the ...core.i\n+00043ed0: 6d67 e280 992c 204f 5320 6b65 726e 656c mg..., OS kernel\n+00043ee0: 732c 2041 4350 490a 7461 626c 6573 2c20 s, ACPI.tables, \n+00043ef0: 4465 7669 6365 2054 7265 6573 2c20 6574 Device Trees, et\n+00043f00: 632e 2020 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6265 2073 c. have to be s\n+00043f10: 6967 6e65 642c 2065 2e67 2c20 7573 696e igned, e.g, usin\n+00043f20: 6720 5047 502e 0a41 6464 6974 696f 6e61 g PGP..Additiona\n+00043f30: 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lly, the command\n+00043f40: 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 s that can be us\n+00043f50: 6564 2074 6f20 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 ed to subvert th\n+00043f60: 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f e UEFI secure.bo\n+00043f70: 6f74 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2c20 7375 ot mechanism, su\n+00043f80: 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 6f72 77e2 8099 ch as ...iorw...\n+00043f90: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6d65 6d72 77e2 8099 and ...memrw...\n+00043fa0: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 will not be ava\n+00043fb0: 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 ilable when.the \n+00043fc0: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n+00043fd0: 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 5468 is enabled. Th\n+00043fe0: 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2066 6f72 2073 is is done for s\n+00043ff0: 6563 7572 6974 7920 7265 6173 6f6e 7320 ecurity reasons \n+00044000: 616e 640a 6172 6520 656e 666f 7263 6564 and.are enforced\n+00044010: 2062 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 204c 6f63 by the GRUB Loc\n+00044020: 6b64 6f77 6e20 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 kdown mechanism \n+00044030: 282a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a (*note Lockdown:\n+00044040: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+00044050: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 b.info, Node: S\n+00044060: 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e ecure Boot Advan\n+00044070: 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 ced Targeting, \n+00044080: 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 Next: Measured B\n+00044090: 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5545 4649 oot, Prev: UEFI\n+000440a0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 secure boot and\n+000440b0: 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 shim, Up: Secu\n+000440c0: 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e34 2045 6d62 6564 rity..19.4 Embed\n+000440d0: 6465 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ded information \n+000440e0: 666f 7220 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e for generation n\n+000440f0: 756d 6265 7220 6261 7365 6420 7265 766f umber based revo\n+00044100: 6361 7469 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d cation.=========\n 00044110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044140: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2053 6563 7572 6520 ===..The Secure \n-00044150: 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 Boot Advanced Ta\n-00044160: 7267 6574 696e 6720 2853 4241 5429 2069 rgeting (SBAT) i\n-00044170: 7320 6120 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 746f s a mechanism to\n-00044180: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 0a72 6576 6f63 allow the.revoc\n-00044190: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ation of compone\n-000441a0: 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 nts in the boot \n-000441b0: 7061 7468 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 6765 path by using ge\n-000441c0: 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 neration numbers\n-000441d0: 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 .embedded into t\n-000441e0: 6865 2045 4649 2062 696e 6172 6965 732e he EFI binaries.\n-000441f0: 2020 5468 6520 5342 4154 206d 6574 6164 The SBAT metad\n-00044200: 6174 6120 6973 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2069 ata is located i\n-00044210: 6e20 616e 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 6120 n an..sbat data \n-00044220: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2068 6173 section that has\n-00044230: 2073 6574 206f 6620 5554 462d 3820 7374 set of UTF-8 st\n-00044240: 7269 6e67 7320 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 2d73 rings as comma-s\n-00044250: 6570 6172 6174 6564 0a76 616c 7565 7320 eparated.values \n-00044260: 2843 5356 292e 2053 6565 203c 6874 7470 (CSV). See fo\n-000442a0: 720a 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a r.more details..\n-000442b0: 0a20 2020 546f 2061 6464 2061 2064 6174 . To add a dat\n-000442c0: 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 a section contai\n-000442d0: 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2053 4241 5420 696e ning the SBAT in\n-000442e0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 formation into t\n-000442f0: 6865 0a62 696e 6172 792c 2074 6865 20e2 he.binary, the .\n-00044300: 8098 2d2d 7362 6174 e280 9920 6f70 7469 ..--sbat... opti\n-00044310: 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b on of ...grub-mk\n-00044320: 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 image... command\n-00044330: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 642e should be used.\n-00044340: 0a54 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 206f 6620 .The content of \n-00044350: 6120 4353 5620 6669 6c65 2c20 656e 636f a CSV file, enco\n-00044360: 6465 6420 7769 7468 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 ded with UTF-8, \n-00044370: 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6173 2069 7320 is copied as is \n-00044380: 746f 2074 6865 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 to the..sbat dat\n-00044390: 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 a section into t\n-000443a0: 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2045 4649 he generated EFI\n-000443b0: 2062 696e 6172 792e 2020 5468 6520 4353 binary. The CS\n-000443c0: 5620 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 650a 7374 V file can be.st\n-000443d0: 6f72 6564 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 6f6e ored anywhere on\n-000443e0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d the file system\n-000443f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 ... grub-mki\n-00044400: 6d61 6765 202d 4f20 7838 365f 3634 2d65 mage -O x86_64-e\n-00044410: 6669 202d 6f20 6772 7562 7836 342e 6566 fi -o grubx64.ef\n-00044420: 6920 2d70 2027 2874 6674 7029 2f67 7275 i -p '(tftp)/gru\n-00044430: 6227 202d 2d73 6261 7420 7362 6174 2e63 b' --sbat sbat.c\n-00044440: 7376 2065 6669 6e65 7420 7466 7470 0a0a sv efinet tftp..\n-00044450: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00044460: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 o, Node: Measur\n-00044470: 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ed Boot, Next: \n-00044480: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a Lockdown, Prev:\n-00044490: 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 Secure Boot Adv\n-000444a0: 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c anced Targeting,\n-000444b0: 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a Up: Security..\n-000444c0: 3139 2e35 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 19.5 Measuring b\n-000444d0: 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a3d oot components.=\n-000444e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000444f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 =============..I\n-00044500: 6620 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 f the tpm module\n-00044510: 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6e64 2074 is loaded and t\n-00044520: 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6861 7320 he platform has \n-00044530: 6120 5472 7573 7465 6420 506c 6174 666f a Trusted Platfo\n-00044540: 726d 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 696e 7374 616c rm.Module instal\n-00044550: 6c65 642c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206c led, GRUB will l\n-00044560: 6f67 2065 6163 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 og each command \n-00044570: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6163 executed and eac\n-00044580: 6820 6669 6c65 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 696e h file.loaded in\n-00044590: 746f 2074 6865 2054 504d 2065 7665 6e74 to the TPM event\n-000445a0: 206c 6f67 2061 6e64 2065 7874 656e 6420 log and extend \n-000445b0: 7468 6520 5043 5220 7661 6c75 6573 2069 the PCR values i\n-000445c0: 6e20 7468 6520 5450 4d0a 636f 7272 6573 n the TPM.corres\n-000445d0: 706f 6e64 696e 676c 792e 2020 416c 6c20 pondingly. All \n-000445e0: 6576 656e 7473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c events will be l\n-000445f0: 6f67 6765 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2050 ogged into the P\n-00044600: 4352 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 656c CR described bel\n-00044610: 6f77 0a77 6974 6820 6120 7479 7065 206f ow.with a type o\n-00044620: 6620 4556 5f49 504c 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 f EV_IPL and an \n-00044630: 6576 656e 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f event descriptio\n-00044640: 6e20 6173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 n as described b\n-00044650: 656c 6f77 2e0a 0a45 7665 6e74 2074 7970 elow...Event typ\n-00044660: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5043 e PC\n-00044670: 5220 2020 2020 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f R Descriptio\n-00044680: 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n.--------------\n+00044140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2053 6563 =======..The Sec\n+00044150: 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 ure Boot Advance\n+00044160: 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 6720 2853 4241 d Targeting (SBA\n+00044170: 5429 2069 7320 6120 6d65 6368 616e 6973 T) is a mechanis\n+00044180: 6d20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 0a72 m to allow the.r\n+00044190: 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d evocation of com\n+000441a0: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2062 ponents in the b\n+000441b0: 6f6f 7420 7061 7468 2062 7920 7573 696e oot path by usin\n+000441c0: 6720 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d g generation num\n+000441d0: 6265 7273 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e bers.embedded in\n+000441e0: 746f 2074 6865 2045 4649 2062 696e 6172 to the EFI binar\n+000441f0: 6965 732e 2020 5468 6520 5342 4154 206d ies. The SBAT m\n+00044200: 6574 6164 6174 6120 6973 206c 6f63 6174 etadata is locat\n+00044210: 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 ed in an..sbat d\n+00044220: 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 7468 6174 ata section that\n+00044230: 2068 6173 2073 6574 206f 6620 5554 462d has set of UTF-\n+00044240: 3820 7374 7269 6e67 7320 6173 2063 6f6d 8 strings as com\n+00044250: 6d61 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 0a76 616c ma-separated.val\n+00044260: 7565 7320 2843 5356 292e 2053 6565 203c ues (CSV). See <\n+00044270: 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 6769 7468 7562 2e63 https://github.c\n+00044280: 6f6d 2f72 6862 6f6f 742f 7368 696d 2f62 om/rhboot/shim/b\n+00044290: 6c6f 622f 6d61 696e 2f53 4241 542e 6d64 lob/main/SBAT.md\n+000442a0: 3e20 666f 720a 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 > for.more detai\n+000442b0: 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 546f 2061 6464 2061 ls... To add a\n+000442c0: 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 636f data section co\n+000442d0: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2053 4241 ntaining the SBA\n+000442e0: 5420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 696e T information in\n+000442f0: 746f 2074 6865 0a62 696e 6172 792c 2074 to the.binary, t\n+00044300: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7362 6174 e280 9920 he ...--sbat... \n+00044310: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 option of ...gru\n+00044320: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d b-mkimage... com\n+00044330: 6d61 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 mand should be u\n+00044340: 7365 642e 0a54 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 sed..The content\n+00044350: 206f 6620 6120 4353 5620 6669 6c65 2c20 of a CSV file, \n+00044360: 656e 636f 6465 6420 7769 7468 2055 5446 encoded with UTF\n+00044370: 2d38 2c20 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6173 -8, is copied as\n+00044380: 2069 7320 746f 2074 6865 0a2e 7362 6174 is to the..sbat\n+00044390: 2064 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 696e data section in\n+000443a0: 746f 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 to the generated\n+000443b0: 2045 4649 2062 696e 6172 792e 2020 5468 EFI binary. Th\n+000443c0: 6520 4353 5620 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 e CSV file can b\n+000443d0: 650a 7374 6f72 6564 2061 6e79 7768 6572 e.stored anywher\n+000443e0: 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 7379 e on the file sy\n+000443f0: 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 stem... grub\n+00044400: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 202d 4f20 7838 365f -mkimage -O x86_\n+00044410: 3634 2d65 6669 202d 6f20 6772 7562 7836 64-efi -o grubx6\n+00044420: 342e 6566 6920 2d70 2027 2874 6674 7029 4.efi -p '(tftp)\n+00044430: 2f67 7275 6227 202d 2d73 6261 7420 7362 /grub' --sbat sb\n+00044440: 6174 2e63 7376 2065 6669 6e65 7420 7466 at.csv efinet tf\n+00044450: 7470 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 tp....File: grub\n+00044460: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 .info, Node: Me\n+00044470: 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 asured Boot, Ne\n+00044480: 7874 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 xt: Lockdown, P\n+00044490: 7265 763a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 rev: Secure Boot\n+000444a0: 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 Advanced Target\n+000444b0: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 ing, Up: Securi\n+000444c0: 7479 0a0a 3139 2e35 204d 6561 7375 7269 ty..19.5 Measuri\n+000444d0: 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ng boot componen\n+000444e0: 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ts.=============\n+000444f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00044500: 3d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f =..If the tpm mo\n+00044510: 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 dule is loaded a\n+00044520: 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 nd the platform \n+00044530: 6861 7320 6120 5472 7573 7465 6420 506c has a Trusted Pl\n+00044540: 6174 666f 726d 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 696e atform.Module in\n+00044550: 7374 616c 6c65 642c 2047 5255 4220 7769 stalled, GRUB wi\n+00044560: 6c6c 206c 6f67 2065 6163 6820 636f 6d6d ll log each comm\n+00044570: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 6e64 and executed and\n+00044580: 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 0a6c 6f61 6465 each file.loade\n+00044590: 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2054 504d 2065 d into the TPM e\n+000445a0: 7665 6e74 206c 6f67 2061 6e64 2065 7874 vent log and ext\n+000445b0: 656e 6420 7468 6520 5043 5220 7661 6c75 end the PCR valu\n+000445c0: 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 5450 4d0a 636f es in the TPM.co\n+000445d0: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 676c 792e 2020 rrespondingly. \n+000445e0: 416c 6c20 6576 656e 7473 2077 696c 6c20 All events will \n+000445f0: 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 696e 746f 2074 be logged into t\n+00044600: 6865 2050 4352 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 he PCR described\n+00044610: 2062 656c 6f77 0a77 6974 6820 6120 7479 below.with a ty\n+00044620: 7065 206f 6620 4556 5f49 504c 2061 6e64 pe of EV_IPL and\n+00044630: 2061 6e20 6576 656e 7420 6465 7363 7269 an event descri\n+00044640: 7074 696f 6e20 6173 2064 6573 6372 6962 ption as describ\n+00044650: 6564 2062 656c 6f77 2e0a 0a45 7665 6e74 ed below...Event\n+00044660: 2074 7970 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 type \n+00044670: 2020 5043 5220 2020 2020 4465 7363 7269 PCR Descri\n+00044680: 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ption.----------\n 00044690: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000446c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 436f -------------.Co\n-000446d0: 6d6d 616e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mmand \n-000446e0: 2020 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 8 All\n-000446f0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e executed comman\n-00044700: 6473 2028 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 ds (including th\n-00044710: 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ose. \n+000446c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000446d0: 2d0a 436f 6d6d 616e 6420 2020 2020 2020 -.Command \n+000446e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 8 \n+000446f0: 2041 6c6c 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 636f All executed co\n+00044700: 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 696e 636c 7564 696e mmands (includin\n+00044710: 6720 7468 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 g those. \n 00044720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044730: 2020 2066 726f 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 from configur\n-00044740: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7329 2077 696c ation files) wil\n-00044750: 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 640a 2020 2020 l be logged. \n+00044730: 2020 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 636f 6e66 from conf\n+00044740: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7329 iguration files)\n+00044750: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 640a will be logged.\n 00044760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206d and m\n-00044780: 6561 7375 7265 6420 6173 2065 6e74 6572 easured as enter\n-00044790: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 6566 6978 ed with a prefix\n-000447a0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 of. \n+00044770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a\n+00044780: 6e64 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 6173 2065 nd measured as e\n+00044790: 6e74 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 ntered with a pr\n+000447a0: 6566 6978 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 efix of. \n 000447b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000447c0: 2020 2022 6772 7562 5f63 6d64 3a20 220a \"grub_cmd: \".\n-000447d0: 4b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c Kernel command l\n-000447e0: 696e 6520 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 ine 8 A\n-000447f0: 6e79 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 ny command line \n-00044800: 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 6120 6b65 726e passed to a kern\n-00044810: 656c 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 el will. \n+000447c0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6772 7562 5f63 6d64 \"grub_cmd\n+000447d0: 3a20 220a 4b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 : \".Kernel comma\n+000447e0: 6e64 206c 696e 6520 2020 2038 2020 2020 nd line 8 \n+000447f0: 2020 2041 6e79 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c Any command l\n+00044800: 696e 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 6120 ine passed to a \n+00044810: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 kernel will. \n 00044820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044830: 2020 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\n+00044830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6520 6c6f be lo\n+00044840: 6767 6564 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 7265 gged and measure\n+00044850: 6420 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2077 6974 d as entered wit\n+00044860: 6820 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h a. \n+00044870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044880: 2020 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 2022 6b65 prefix of \"ke\n+00044890: 726e 656c 5f63 6d64 6c69 6e65 3a20 220a rnel_cmdline: \".\n+000448a0: 4d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c Module command l\n+000448b0: 696e 6520 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 ine 8 A\n+000448c0: 6e79 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 ny command line \n+000448d0: 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 6120 6b65 726e passed to a kern\n+000448e0: 656c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 el. \n+000448f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044900: 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 module will be\n+00044910: 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e 6420 6d65 6173 logged and meas\n+00044920: 7572 6564 2061 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ured as. \n 00044930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044940: 2020 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 entered with \n-00044950: 6120 7072 6566 6978 206f 6620 226d 6f64 a prefix of \"mod\n-00044960: 756c 655f 636d 646c 696e 653a 0a20 2020 ule_cmdline:. \n-00044970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 220a 4669 \".Fi\n-00044990: 6c65 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 les \n-000449a0: 2020 2020 2039 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 9 Any\n-000449b0: 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 file read by GR\n-000449c0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 UB will be logge\n-000449d0: 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d and. \n+00044940: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2077 entered w\n+00044950: 6974 6820 6120 7072 6566 6978 206f 6620 ith a prefix of \n+00044960: 226d 6f64 756c 655f 636d 646c 696e 653a \"module_cmdline:\n+00044970: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00044980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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As such i\n-00044b10: 7420 6973 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 t is recommended\n-00044b20: 0a74 6861 7420 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f .that the tpm mo\n-00044b30: 6475 6c65 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 696e dule be built in\n-00044b40: 746f 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 to ...core.img..\n-00044b50: 9920 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 6176 . in order to av\n-00044b60: 6f69 6420 610a 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 oid a.potential \n-00044b70: 6761 7020 696e 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 gap in measureme\n-00044b80: 6e74 2062 6574 7765 656e 20e2 8098 636f nt between ...co\n-00044b90: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6265 696e 6720 re.img... being \n-00044ba0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2074 loaded and the t\n-00044bb0: 706d 0a6d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 696e 6720 pm.module being \n-00044bc0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d65 6173 loaded... Meas\n-00044bd0: 7572 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2063 7572 ured boot is cur\n-00044be0: 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 rently only supp\n-00044bf0: 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 orted on EFI and\n-00044c00: 2049 424d 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a 506f IBM IEEE1275.Po\n-00044c10: 7765 7250 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e werPC platforms.\n-00044c20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00044c30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b nfo, Node: Lock\n-00044c40: 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 6561 down, Prev: Mea\n-00044c50: 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a sured Boot, Up:\n-00044c60: 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3620 Security..19.6 \n-00044c70: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f Lockdown when bo\n-00044c80: 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 oting on a secur\n-00044c90: 6520 7365 7475 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e setup.========\n+00044a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 corresp\n+00044a40: 6f6e 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 onding to the fi\n+00044a50: 6c65 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 lename... GRUB\n+00044a60: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6d65 6173 7572 will not measur\n+00044a70: 6520 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 e its own ...cor\n+00044a80: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 202d 2069 7420 6973 e.img... - it is\n+00044a90: 2065 7870 6563 7465 6420 7468 6174 0a66 expected that.f\n+00044aa0: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7769 6c6c 2063 6172 irmware will car\n+00044ab0: 7279 2074 6869 7320 6f75 742e 2020 4752 ry this out. GR\n+00044ac0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 206e 6f74 UB will also not\n+00044ad0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6e79 0a6d 6561 perform any.mea\n+00044ae0: 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 756e 7469 6c20 surements until \n+00044af0: 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 the tpm module i\n+00044b00: 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2041 7320 7375 s loaded. As su\n+00044b10: 6368 2069 7420 6973 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 ch it is recomme\n+00044b20: 6e64 6564 0a74 6861 7420 7468 6520 7470 nded.that the tp\n+00044b30: 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6520 6275 696c m module be buil\n+00044b40: 7420 696e 746f 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 t into ...core.i\n+00044b50: 6d67 e280 9920 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 mg... in order t\n+00044b60: 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 610a 706f 7465 6e74 o avoid a.potent\n+00044b70: 6961 6c20 6761 7020 696e 206d 6561 7375 ial gap in measu\n+00044b80: 7265 6d65 6e74 2062 6574 7765 656e 20e2 rement between .\n+00044b90: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6265 ..core.img... be\n+00044ba0: 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6e64 2074 ing loaded and t\n+00044bb0: 6865 2074 706d 0a6d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 he tpm.module be\n+00044bc0: 696e 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 ing loaded... \n+00044bd0: 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 Measured boot is\n+00044be0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 currently only \n+00044bf0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2045 4649 supported on EFI\n+00044c00: 2061 6e64 2049 424d 2049 4545 4531 3237 and IBM IEEE127\n+00044c10: 350a 506f 7765 7250 4320 706c 6174 666f 5.PowerPC platfo\n+00044c20: 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 rms.....File: gr\n+00044c30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00044c40: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a Lockdown, Prev:\n+00044c50: 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 Measured Boot, \n+00044c60: 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 Up: Security..1\n+00044c70: 392e 3620 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 9.6 Lockdown whe\n+00044c80: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 n booting on a s\n+00044c90: 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a 3d3d 3d3d ecure setup.====\n 00044ca0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044cb0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044cc0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2063 ====..The GRUB c\n-00044cd0: 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 an be locked dow\n-00044ce0: 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6f6e n when booted on\n-00044cf0: 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2065 a secure boot e\n-00044d00: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c0a 666f 7220 nvironment,.for \n-00044d10: 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 2074 6865 2055 example if the U\n-00044d20: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI secure boot \n-00044d30: 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 204f 6e20 is enabled. On \n-00044d40: 6120 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e0a 636f a locked down.co\n-00044d50: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2074 6865 nfiguration, the\n-00044d60: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 GRUB will be re\n-00044d70: 7374 7269 6374 6564 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d stricted and som\n-00044d80: 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2f63 6f6d e operations/com\n-00044d90: 6d61 6e64 730a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 mands.cannot be \n-00044da0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 executed... Th\n-00044db0: 6520 e280 986c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6ee2 8099 e ...lockdown...\n-00044dc0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n-00044dd0: 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e to ...y... when\n-00044de0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 the GRUB is loc\n-00044df0: 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 4f74 6865 7277 ked down..Otherw\n-00044e00: 6973 6520 6974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 ise it does not \n-00044e10: 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 exit.....File: g\n-00044e20: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00044e30: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 Platform limita\n-00044e40: 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506c tions, Next: Pl\n-00044e50: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n-00044e60: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 operations, Pre\n-00044e70: 763a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5570 v: Security, Up\n-00044e80: 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3020 506c 6174 666f : Top..20 Platfo\n-00044e90: 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 0a2a rm limitations.*\n-00044ea0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00044eb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 3220 6973 ******..GRUB2 is\n-00044ec0: 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2062 6520 designed to be \n-00044ed0: 706f 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2069 7320 portable and is \n-00044ee0: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6f72 7465 6420 actually ported \n-00044ef0: 6163 726f 7373 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 across.platforms\n-00044f00: 2e20 2057 6520 7472 7920 746f 206b 6565 . We try to kee\n-00044f10: 7020 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 p all platforms \n-00044f20: 6174 2074 6865 206c 6576 656c 2e20 2055 at the level. U\n-00044f30: 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 0a73 6f6d nfortunately.som\n-00044f40: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6172 6520 e platforms are \n-00044f50: 6265 7474 6572 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 better supported\n-00044f60: 2074 6861 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2054 than others. T\n-00044f70: 6869 7320 6973 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 his is detailed \n-00044f80: 696e 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2061 6e64 2032 in.current and 2\n-00044f90: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6563 7469 following secti\n-00044fa0: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2070 6c61 ons... All pla\n-00044fb0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 616e 2061 tforms have an a\n-00044fc0: 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c6c 7920 4752 5542 rtificially GRUB\n-00044fd0: 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7369 imposed disk si\n-00044fe0: 7a65 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 0a6f ze restriction.o\n-00044ff0: 6620 3120 4569 422e 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 f 1 EiB. In some\n-00045000: 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6c61 7267 6572 2064 cases, larger d\n-00045010: 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 isk sizes can be\n-00045020: 2075 7365 642c 2062 7574 2061 6363 6573 used, but acces\n-00045030: 7320 7769 6c6c 0a6e 6f74 2062 6520 616c s will.not be al\n-00045040: 6c6f 7765 6420 6265 796f 6e64 2031 2045 lowed beyond 1 E\n-00045050: 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c55 4b53 3220 6465 iB... LUKS2 de\n-00045060: 7669 6365 7320 7769 7468 2073 697a 6520 vices with size \n-00045070: 6c61 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e20 3136 2045 larger than 16 E\n-00045080: 6942 2061 7265 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 iB are currently\n-00045090: 206e 6f74 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e20 not.supported. \n-000450a0: 2054 6865 7920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 They can not be\n-000450b0: 2063 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6372 7970 created as cryp\n-000450c0: 746f 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6372 to devices by cr\n-000450d0: 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2073 6f0a 6361 yptomount, so.ca\n-000450e0: 6e20 6e6f 7420 6576 656e 2062 6520 7061 n not even be pa\n-000450f0: 7274 6961 6c6c 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f rtially read fro\n-00045100: 6d2e 2020 4c55 4b53 2068 6176 6520 6e6f m. LUKS have no\n-00045110: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206f 7468 limitations oth\n-00045120: 6572 0a74 6861 6e20 7468 6f73 6520 696d er.than those im\n-00045130: 706f 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2066 6f72 posed by the for\n-00045140: 6d61 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 5243 2070 6c61 mat... ARC pla\n-00045150: 7466 6f72 6d20 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 tform is unable \n-00045160: 746f 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6461 7465 7469 to change dateti\n-00045170: 6d65 2028 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 me (firmware doe\n-00045180: 736e 2774 2073 6565 6d20 746f 0a70 726f sn't seem to.pro\n-00045190: 7669 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 vide a function \n-000451a0: 666f 7220 6974 292e 2020 454d 5520 6861 for it). EMU ha\n-000451b0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6c69 6d69 7461 s similar limita\n-000451c0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2045 4d55 tion... On EMU\n-000451d0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6e6f 2073 6572 platform no ser\n-000451e0: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 ial port is avai\n-000451f0: 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e 736f lable... Conso\n-00045200: 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2072 6566 6572 le charset refer\n-00045210: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 6669 726d 7761 s only to firmwa\n-00045220: 7265 2d61 7373 6973 7465 6420 636f 6e73 re-assisted cons\n-00045230: 6f6c 652e 2020 6766 7874 6572 6d20 6973 ole. gfxterm is\n-00045240: 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 556e 6963 6f64 6520 .always Unicode \n-00045250: 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e (see Internation\n-00045260: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 7365 6374 696f alisation sectio\n-00045270: 6e20 666f 7220 6974 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 n for its limita\n-00045280: 7469 6f6e 7329 2e0a 5365 7269 616c 2069 tions)..Serial i\n-00045290: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2074 s configurable t\n-000452a0: 6f20 5554 462d 3820 6f72 2041 5343 4949 o UTF-8 or ASCII\n-000452b0: 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f (see Internatio\n-000452c0: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 496e nalisation). In\n-000452d0: 0a63 6173 6520 6f66 2071 656d 7520 616e .case of qemu an\n-000452e0: 6420 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6f72 7473 d coreboot ports\n-000452f0: 2074 6865 2072 6566 6572 6564 2063 6f6e the refered con\n-00045300: 736f 6c65 2069 7320 7667 615f 7465 7874 sole is vga_text\n-00045310: 2e0a 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2061 6c77 6179 ..Loongson alway\n-00045320: 7320 7573 6573 2067 6678 7465 726d 2e0a s uses gfxterm..\n-00045330: 0a20 2020 4d6f 7374 206c 696d 6974 6564 . Most limited\n-00045340: 206f 6e65 2069 7320 4153 4349 492e 2043 one is ASCII. C\n-00045350: 5034 3337 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6164 P437 provides ad\n-00045360: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a70 7365 7564 ditionally.pseud\n-00045370: 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 4752 5542 ographics. GRUB\n-00045380: 3220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7573 6520 616e 2 doesn't use an\n-00045390: 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6861 7261 y language chara\n-000453a0: 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2043 5034 3337 cters from CP437\n-000453b0: 2061 730a 6f66 7465 6e20 4350 3433 3720 as.often CP437 \n-000453c0: 6973 2072 6570 6c61 6365 6420 6279 206e is replaced by n\n-000453d0: 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 656e 636f 6469 6e67 ational encoding\n-000453e0: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 compatible only\n-000453f0: 2069 6e0a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 in.pseudographi\n-00045400: 6373 2e20 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2069 7320 cs. Unicode is \n-00045410: 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2076 6572 7361 7469 the most versati\n-00045420: 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2077 6869 6368 le charset which\n-00045430: 2073 7570 706f 7274 730a 6d61 6e79 206c supports.many l\n-00045440: 616e 6775 6167 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 anguages. Howev\n-00045450: 6572 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 636f er the actual co\n-00045460: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 206d 7563 nsole may be muc\n-00045470: 6820 6d6f 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a64 h more limited.d\n-00045480: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6669 726d epending on firm\n-00045490: 7761 7265 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4249 4f53 ware.. On BIOS\n-000454a0: 2c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6973 2073 7570 , network is sup\n-000454b0: 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2074 ported only if t\n-000454c0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 he image is load\n-000454d0: 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a6e 6574 776f ed through.netwo\n-000454e0: 726b 2e20 204f 6e20 7370 6172 6336 342c rk. On sparc64,\n-000454f0: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 GRUB is unable \n-00045500: 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 to determine whi\n-00045510: 6368 2073 6572 7665 7220 6974 2077 6173 ch server it was\n-00045520: 0a62 6f6f 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a20 .booted from... \n-00045530: 2020 4469 7265 6374 2041 5441 2f41 4843 Direct ATA/AHC\n-00045540: 4920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 I support allows\n-00045550: 2074 6f20 6369 7263 756d 7665 6e74 2076 to circumvent v\n-00045560: 6172 696f 7573 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a arious firmware.\n-00045570: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 limitations but \n-00045580: 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 isn't needed for\n-00045590: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f normal operatio\n-000455a0: 6e20 6578 6365 7074 206f 6e20 6261 7265 n except on bare\n-000455b0: 6d65 7461 6c0a 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 metal.ports... \n-000455c0: 2041 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7570 AT keyboard sup\n-000455d0: 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6b65 7962 port allows keyb\n-000455e0: 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7265 6d61 oard layout rema\n-000455f0: 7070 696e 6720 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 pping and suppor\n-00045600: 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7973 206e 6f74 2061 t for.keys not a\n-00045610: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6872 6f75 6768 vailable through\n-00045620: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 4974 2069 firmware. It i\n-00045630: 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 sn't needed for \n-00045640: 6e6f 726d 616c 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e normal.operation\n-00045650: 2065 7863 6570 7420 6261 7265 6d65 7461 except baremeta\n-00045660: 6c20 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2053 7065 l ports... Spe\n-00045670: 616b 6572 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d6f 7273 aker allows mors\n-00045680: 6520 616e 6420 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2063 e and spkmodem c\n-00045690: 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 ommunication... \n-000456a0: 2020 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7072 USB support pr\n-000456b0: 6f76 6964 6573 2062 656e 6566 6974 7320 ovides benefits \n-000456c0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2041 5441 2028 similar to ATA (\n-000456d0: 666f 7220 5553 4220 6469 736b 7329 206f for USB disks) o\n-000456e0: 7220 4154 0a28 666f 7220 5553 4220 6b65 r AT.(for USB ke\n-000456f0: 7962 6f61 7264 7329 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 yboards). In ad\n-00045700: 6469 7469 6f6e 2069 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 dition it allows\n-00045710: 2055 5342 7365 7269 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 USBserial... \n-00045720: 4368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2072 6566 Chainloading ref\n-00045730: 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 ers to the abili\n-00045740: 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 ty to load anoth\n-00045750: 6572 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 er bootloader th\n-00045760: 726f 7567 680a 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2070 rough.the same p\n-00045770: 726f 746f 636f 6c0a 0a20 2020 4869 6e74 rotocol.. Hint\n-00045780: 7320 616c 6c6f 7720 6661 7374 6572 2064 s allow faster d\n-00045790: 6973 6b20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6279 isk discovery by\n-000457a0: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 206b 6e6f 7769 6e67 already knowing\n-000457b0: 2069 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6520 7768 6963 in advance whic\n-000457c0: 680a 6973 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 696e h.is the disk in\n-000457d0: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e2e 2020 4f6e 2073 question. On s\n-000457e0: 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6869 ome platforms hi\n-000457f0: 6e74 7320 6172 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 nts are correct \n-00045800: 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 0a6d 6f76 6520 unless you.move \n-00045810: 7468 6520 6469 736b 2062 6574 7765 656e the disk between\n-00045820: 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 204f 6e20 6f74 6865 boots. On othe\n-00045830: 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 r platforms it's\n-00045840: 206a 7573 7420 616e 2065 6475 6361 7465 just an educate\n-00045850: 640a 6775 6573 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 d.guess. Note t\n-00045860: 6861 7420 6869 6e74 2066 6169 6c75 7265 hat hint failure\n-00045870: 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 6a75 7374 results in just\n-00045880: 2072 6564 7563 6564 2070 6572 666f 726d reduced perform\n-00045890: 616e 6365 2c20 6e6f 740a 6120 6661 696c ance, not.a fail\n-000458a0: 7572 650a 0a20 2020 4261 6452 414d 2069 ure.. BadRAM i\n-000458b0: 7320 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f s the ability to\n-000458c0: 206d 6172 6b20 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 mark some of th\n-000458d0: 6520 5241 4d20 6173 2022 6261 6422 2e20 e RAM as \"bad\". \n-000458e0: 204e 6f74 653a 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 7072 Note: due to.pr\n-000458f0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f otocol limitatio\n-00045900: 6e73 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e ns mips-loongson\n-00045910: 2028 7769 7468 204c 696e 7578 2070 726f (with Linux pro\n-00045920: 746f 636f 6c29 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 732d tocol) and.mips-\n-00045930: 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 6361 6e20 7573 qemu_mips can us\n-00045940: 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7570 e only memory up\n-00045950: 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 686f 6c65 2e0a to first hole..\n-00045960: 0a20 2020 426f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e . Bootlocation\n-00045970: 2069 7320 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2047 is ability of G\n-00045980: 5255 4220 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 RUB to automatic\n-00045990: 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 7768 6572 ally detect wher\n-000459a0: 6520 6974 0a62 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2e e it.boots from.\n-000459b0: 2020 2264 6973 6b22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 \"disk\" means t\n-000459c0: 6865 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 he detection is \n-000459d0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2064 6574 6563 limited to detec\n-000459e0: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 7769 ting the disk.wi\n-000459f0: 7468 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6569 th partition bei\n-00045a00: 6e67 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 6420 6f6e ng discovered on\n-00045a10: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 696d 652e 2020 install time. \n-00045a20: 2270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2220 6d65 616e \"partition\" mean\n-00045a30: 7320 7468 6174 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 s that.disk and \n-00045a40: 7061 7274 6974 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 partiton can be \n-00045a50: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6469 automatically di\n-00045a60: 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e20 2022 6669 6c65 scovered. \"file\n-00045a70: 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a62 6f6f \" means that.boo\n-00045a80: 7420 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d t image file nam\n-00045a90: 6520 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2064 6973 e as well as dis\n-00045aa0: 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 k and partition \n-00045ab0: 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 can be discovere\n-00045ac0: 642e 0a46 6f72 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e d..For consisten\n-00045ad0: 6379 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7374 cy, default inst\n-00045ae0: 616c 6c20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 7061 7274 all ignores part\n-00045af0: 6974 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7265 6c69 6573 ition and relies\n-00045b00: 2073 6f6c 656c 7920 6f6e 0a64 6973 6b20 solely on.disk \n-00045b10: 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206e detection. If n\n-00045b20: 6f20 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2064 o bootlocation d\n-00045b30: 6973 636f 7665 7279 2069 7320 6176 6169 iscovery is avai\n-00045b40: 6c61 626c 6520 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 616e lable or boot an\n-00045b50: 640a 6772 7562 2d72 6f6f 7420 6469 736b d.grub-root disk\n-00045b60: 7320 6172 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 742c s are different,\n-00045b70: 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e UUID is used in\n-00045b80: 7374 6561 642e 2020 4f6e 2041 5243 2069 stead. 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CP437 \n-00045c90: 2020 2020 4350 3433 370a 6368 6172 7365 CP437.charse\n-00045ca0: 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 t.network \n-00045cb0: 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00045cc0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00045cd0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00045ce0: 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 .ATA/AHCI \n-00045cf0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045d00: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045d10: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00045d20: 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 .AT keyboard \n-00045d30: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045d40: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045d50: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00045d60: 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Speaker \n-00045d70: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045d80: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045d90: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00045da0: 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .USB \n-00045db0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045dc0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045dd0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00045de0: 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .chainloader \n-00045df0: 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 local y\n-00045e00: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045e10: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n-00045e20: 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 cpuid p\n-00045e30: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n-00045e40: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n-00045e50: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n-00045e60: 6961 6c0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 ial.rdmsr \n-00045e70: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045e80: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045e90: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045ea0: 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 partial.wrmsr \n-00045eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-00045ec0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-00045ed0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-00045ee0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 6869 6e74 partial.hint\n-00045ef0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 s guess\n-00045f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 guess \n-00045f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 guess \n-00045f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 guess.PC\n-00045f30: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 I yes\n-00045f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00045f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6261 yes.ba\n-00045f70: 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 dram yes\n-00045f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00045fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f yes.co\n-00045fb0: 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2061 6c77 mpression alw\n-00045fc0: 6179 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 696e ays poin\n-00045fd0: 746c 6573 7320 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 tless no \n-00045fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 no.exi\n-00045ff0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 t yes \n-00046000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 no.boot\n-00046030: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2064 6973 6b20 location disk \n-00046040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2020 no.. \n-00046070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 ia32 \n-00046080: 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 EFI amd64 \n-00046090: 4546 4920 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 2020 EFI ia32 \n-000460a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4974 616e 6975 6d0a Itanium.\n-000460b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044cc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 ========..The GR\n+00044cd0: 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 636b 6564 UB can be locked\n+00044ce0: 2064 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 down when boote\n+00044cf0: 6420 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f d on a secure bo\n+00044d00: 6f74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c0a ot environment,.\n+00044d10: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 2074 for example if t\n+00044d20: 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 he UEFI secure b\n+00044d30: 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 oot is enabled. \n+00044d40: 204f 6e20 6120 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 On a locked dow\n+00044d50: 6e0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c n.configuration,\n+00044d60: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 the GRUB will b\n+00044d70: 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2061 6e64 e restricted and\n+00044d80: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 some operations\n+00044d90: 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 6361 6e6e 6f74 /commands.cannot\n+00044da0: 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 be executed... \n+00044db0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 986c 6f63 6b64 6f77 The ...lockdow\n+00044dc0: 6ee2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 n... variable is\n+00044dd0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 9920 set to ...y... \n+00044de0: 7768 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6973 when the GRUB is\n+00044df0: 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 4f74 locked down..Ot\n+00044e00: 6865 7277 6973 6520 6974 2064 6f65 7320 herwise it does \n+00044e10: 6e6f 7420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c not exit.....Fil\n+00044e20: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00044e30: 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 ode: Platform li\n+00044e40: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 mitations, Next\n+00044e50: 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 : Platform-speci\n+00044e60: 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 fic operations, \n+00044e70: 2050 7265 763a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c Prev: Security,\n+00044e80: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3020 506c Up: Top..20 Pl\n+00044e90: 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f atform limitatio\n+00044ea0: 6e73 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ns.*************\n+00044eb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 **********..GRUB\n+00044ec0: 3220 6973 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2 is designed to\n+00044ed0: 2062 6520 706f 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 be portable and\n+00044ee0: 2069 7320 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6f72 is actually por\n+00044ef0: 7465 6420 6163 726f 7373 0a70 6c61 7466 ted across.platf\n+00044f00: 6f72 6d73 2e20 2057 6520 7472 7920 746f orms. We try to\n+00044f10: 206b 6565 7020 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f keep all platfo\n+00044f20: 726d 7320 6174 2074 6865 206c 6576 656c rms at the level\n+00044f30: 2e20 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 . Unfortunately\n+00044f40: 0a73 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 .some platforms \n+00044f50: 6172 6520 6265 7474 6572 2073 7570 706f are better suppo\n+00044f60: 7274 6564 2074 6861 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 rted than others\n+00044f70: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6574 6169 . This is detai\n+00044f80: 6c65 6420 696e 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2061 led in.current a\n+00044f90: 6e64 2032 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 nd 2 following s\n+00044fa0: 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c ections... All\n+00044fb0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 platforms have \n+00044fc0: 616e 2061 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c6c 7920 an artificially \n+00044fd0: 4752 5542 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2064 6973 GRUB imposed dis\n+00044fe0: 6b20 7369 7a65 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 k size restricti\n+00044ff0: 6f6e 0a6f 6620 3120 4569 422e 2049 6e20 on.of 1 EiB. In \n+00045000: 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6c61 7267 some cases, larg\n+00045010: 6572 2064 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 7320 6361 er disk sizes ca\n+00045020: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642c 2062 7574 2061 n be used, but a\n+00045030: 6363 6573 7320 7769 6c6c 0a6e 6f74 2062 ccess will.not b\n+00045040: 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 6265 796f 6e64 e allowed beyond\n+00045050: 2031 2045 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c55 4b53 1 EiB... LUKS\n+00045060: 3220 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 7468 2073 2 devices with s\n+00045070: 697a 6520 6c61 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e20 ize larger than \n+00045080: 3136 2045 6942 2061 7265 2063 7572 7265 16 EiB are curre\n+00045090: 6e74 6c79 206e 6f74 0a73 7570 706f 7274 ntly not.support\n+000450a0: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 7920 6361 6e20 6e6f ed. They can no\n+000450b0: 7420 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 t be created as \n+000450c0: 6372 7970 746f 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 crypto devices b\n+000450d0: 7920 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2073 y cryptomount, s\n+000450e0: 6f0a 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6576 656e 2062 o.can not even b\n+000450f0: 6520 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 7920 7265 6164 e partially read\n+00045100: 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 4c55 4b53 2068 6176 from. LUKS hav\n+00045110: 6520 6e6f 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 e no limitations\n+00045120: 206f 7468 6572 0a74 6861 6e20 7468 6f73 other.than thos\n+00045130: 6520 696d 706f 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 e imposed by the\n+00045140: 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 5243 format... ARC\n+00045150: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6973 2075 6e61 platform is una\n+00045160: 626c 6520 746f 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6461 ble to change da\n+00045170: 7465 7469 6d65 2028 6669 726d 7761 7265 tetime (firmware\n+00045180: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2073 6565 6d20 746f doesn't seem to\n+00045190: 0a70 726f 7669 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 .provide a funct\n+000451a0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6974 292e 2020 454d ion for it). EM\n+000451b0: 5520 6861 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6c69 U has similar li\n+000451c0: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e mitation... On\n+000451d0: 2045 4d55 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6e6f EMU platform no\n+000451e0: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 serial port is \n+000451f0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 available... C\n+00045200: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2072 onsole charset r\n+00045210: 6566 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 6669 efers only to fi\n+00045220: 726d 7761 7265 2d61 7373 6973 7465 6420 rmware-assisted \n+00045230: 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 6766 7874 6572 console. gfxter\n+00045240: 6d20 6973 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 556e 6963 m is.always Unic\n+00045250: 6f64 6520 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 ode (see Interna\n+00045260: 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 7365 tionalisation se\n+00045270: 6374 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6974 7320 6c69 ction for its li\n+00045280: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7329 2e0a 5365 7269 mitations)..Seri\n+00045290: 616c 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 al is configurab\n+000452a0: 6c65 2074 6f20 5554 462d 3820 6f72 2041 le to UTF-8 or A\n+000452b0: 5343 4949 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e SCII (see Intern\n+000452c0: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 292e ationalisation).\n+000452d0: 2020 496e 0a63 6173 6520 6f66 2071 656d In.case of qem\n+000452e0: 7520 616e 6420 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 u and coreboot p\n+000452f0: 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2072 6566 6572 6564 orts the refered\n+00045300: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2069 7320 7667 615f console is vga_\n+00045310: 7465 7874 2e0a 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2061 text..Loongson a\n+00045320: 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6573 2067 6678 7465 lways uses gfxte\n+00045330: 726d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 7374 206c 696d rm... Most lim\n+00045340: 6974 6564 206f 6e65 2069 7320 4153 4349 ited one is ASCI\n+00045350: 492e 2043 5034 3337 2070 726f 7669 6465 I. CP437 provide\n+00045360: 7320 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a70 s additionally.p\n+00045370: 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 seudographics. \n+00045380: 4752 5542 3220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7573 GRUB2 doesn't us\n+00045390: 6520 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 e any language c\n+000453a0: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2043 haracters from C\n+000453b0: 5034 3337 2061 730a 6f66 7465 6e20 4350 P437 as.often CP\n+000453c0: 3433 3720 6973 2072 6570 6c61 6365 6420 437 is replaced \n+000453d0: 6279 206e 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 656e 636f by national enco\n+000453e0: 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 ding compatible \n+000453f0: 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e0a 7073 6575 646f 6772 only in.pseudogr\n+00045400: 6170 6869 6373 2e20 2055 6e69 636f 6465 aphics. Unicode\n+00045410: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2076 6572 is the most ver\n+00045420: 7361 7469 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2077 satile charset w\n+00045430: 6869 6368 2073 7570 706f 7274 730a 6d61 hich supports.ma\n+00045440: 6e79 206c 616e 6775 6167 6573 2e20 2048 ny languages. H\n+00045450: 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 owever the actua\n+00045460: 6c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 l console may be\n+00045470: 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 206c 696d 6974 much more limit\n+00045480: 6564 0a64 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 ed.depending on \n+00045490: 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 firmware.. On \n+000454a0: 4249 4f53 2c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6973 BIOS, network is\n+000454b0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 supported only \n+000454c0: 6966 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 if the image is \n+000454d0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a6e loaded through.n\n+000454e0: 6574 776f 726b 2e20 204f 6e20 7370 6172 etwork. On spar\n+000454f0: 6336 342c 2047 5255 4220 6973 2075 6e61 c64, GRUB is una\n+00045500: 626c 6520 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 ble to determine\n+00045510: 2077 6869 6368 2073 6572 7665 7220 6974 which server it\n+00045520: 2077 6173 0a62 6f6f 7465 6420 6672 6f6d was.booted from\n+00045530: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4469 7265 6374 2041 5441 ... Direct ATA\n+00045540: 2f41 4843 4920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c /AHCI support al\n+00045550: 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 6369 7263 756d 7665 lows to circumve\n+00045560: 6e74 2076 6172 696f 7573 2066 6972 6d77 nt various firmw\n+00045570: 6172 650a 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 are.limitations \n+00045580: 6275 7420 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 but isn't needed\n+00045590: 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 for normal oper\n+000455a0: 6174 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 206f 6e20 ation except on \n+000455b0: 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c0a 706f 7274 732e baremetal.ports.\n+000455c0: 0a0a 2020 2041 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 .. AT keyboard\n+000455d0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 support allows \n+000455e0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 7420 keyboard layout \n+000455f0: 7265 6d61 7070 696e 6720 616e 6420 7375 remapping and su\n+00045600: 7070 6f72 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7973 206e pport for.keys n\n+00045610: 6f74 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6872 ot available thr\n+00045620: 6f75 6768 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 ough firmware. \n+00045630: 4974 2069 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 It isn't needed \n+00045640: 666f 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 0a6f 7065 7261 for normal.opera\n+00045650: 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7420 6261 7265 tion except bare\n+00045660: 6d65 7461 6c20 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 metal ports... \n+00045670: 2053 7065 616b 6572 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 Speaker allows \n+00045680: 6d6f 7273 6520 616e 6420 7370 6b6d 6f64 morse and spkmod\n+00045690: 656d 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e em communication\n+000456a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 ... USB suppor\n+000456b0: 7420 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2062 656e 6566 t provides benef\n+000456c0: 6974 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2041 its similar to A\n+000456d0: 5441 2028 666f 7220 5553 4220 6469 736b TA (for USB disk\n+000456e0: 7329 206f 7220 4154 0a28 666f 7220 5553 s) or AT.(for US\n+000456f0: 4220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 7329 2e20 2049 B keyboards). I\n+00045700: 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2069 7420 616c n addition it al\n+00045710: 6c6f 7773 2055 5342 7365 7269 616c 2e0a lows USBserial..\n+00045720: 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 . Chainloading\n+00045730: 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 2061 refers to the a\n+00045740: 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 bility to load a\n+00045750: 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nother bootloade\n+00045760: 7220 7468 726f 7567 680a 7468 6520 7361 r through.the sa\n+00045770: 6d65 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c0a 0a20 2020 me protocol.. \n+00045780: 4869 6e74 7320 616c 6c6f 7720 6661 7374 Hints allow fast\n+00045790: 6572 2064 6973 6b20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 er disk discover\n+000457a0: 7920 6279 2061 6c72 6561 6479 206b 6e6f y by already kno\n+000457b0: 7769 6e67 2069 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6520 wing in advance \n+000457c0: 7768 6963 680a 6973 2074 6865 2064 6973 which.is the dis\n+000457d0: 6b20 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e2e 2020 k in question. \n+000457e0: 4f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d On some platform\n+000457f0: 7320 6869 6e74 7320 6172 6520 636f 7272 s hints are corr\n+00045800: 6563 7420 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 0a6d ect unless you.m\n+00045810: 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6469 736b 2062 6574 ove the disk bet\n+00045820: 7765 656e 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 204f 6e20 ween boots. On \n+00045830: 6f74 6865 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 other platforms \n+00045840: 6974 2773 206a 7573 7420 616e 2065 6475 it's just an edu\n+00045850: 6361 7465 640a 6775 6573 732e 2020 4e6f cated.guess. No\n+00045860: 7465 2074 6861 7420 6869 6e74 2066 6169 te that hint fai\n+00045870: 6c75 7265 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 lure results in \n+00045880: 6a75 7374 2072 6564 7563 6564 2070 6572 just reduced per\n+00045890: 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 6e6f 740a 6120 formance, not.a \n+000458a0: 6661 696c 7572 650a 0a20 2020 4261 6452 failure.. BadR\n+000458b0: 414d 2069 7320 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 AM is the abilit\n+000458c0: 7920 746f 206d 6172 6b20 736f 6d65 206f y to mark some o\n+000458d0: 6620 7468 6520 5241 4d20 6173 2022 6261 f the RAM as \"ba\n+000458e0: 6422 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 2064 7565 2074 d\". Note: due t\n+000458f0: 6f0a 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 206c 696d 6974 o.protocol limit\n+00045900: 6174 696f 6e73 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e ations mips-loon\n+00045910: 6773 6f6e 2028 7769 7468 204c 696e 7578 gson (with Linux\n+00045920: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2061 6e64 0a6d protocol) and.m\n+00045930: 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 6361 ips-qemu_mips ca\n+00045940: 6e20 7573 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656d 6f72 n use only memor\n+00045950: 7920 7570 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 686f y up to first ho\n+00045960: 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 426f 6f74 6c6f 6361 le... Bootloca\n+00045970: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6162 696c 6974 7920 tion is ability \n+00045980: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 7574 6f6d of GRUB to autom\n+00045990: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 atically detect \n+000459a0: 7768 6572 6520 6974 0a62 6f6f 7473 2066 where it.boots f\n+000459b0: 726f 6d2e 2020 2264 6973 6b22 206d 6561 rom. \"disk\" mea\n+000459c0: 6e73 2074 6865 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e ns the detection\n+000459d0: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2064 is limited to d\n+000459e0: 6574 6563 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6973 etecting the dis\n+000459f0: 6b0a 7769 7468 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e k.with partition\n+00045a00: 2062 6569 6e67 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 being discovere\n+00045a10: 6420 6f6e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 696d d on install tim\n+00045a20: 652e 2020 2270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2220 e. \"partition\" \n+00045a30: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a64 6973 6b20 means that.disk \n+00045a40: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 6f6e 2063 616e and partiton can\n+00045a50: 2062 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c be automaticall\n+00045a60: 7920 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e20 2022 y discovered. \"\n+00045a70: 6669 6c65 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 file\" means that\n+00045a80: 0a62 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 .boot image file\n+00045a90: 206e 616d 6520 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 name as well as\n+00045aa0: 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 disk and partit\n+00045ab0: 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 636f ion can be disco\n+00045ac0: 7665 7265 642e 0a46 6f72 2063 6f6e 7369 vered..For consi\n+00045ad0: 7374 656e 6379 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 stency, default \n+00045ae0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 install ignores \n+00045af0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7265 partition and re\n+00045b00: 6c69 6573 2073 6f6c 656c 7920 6f6e 0a64 lies solely on.d\n+00045b10: 6973 6b20 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e2e 2020 isk detection. \n+00045b20: 4966 206e 6f20 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 If no bootlocati\n+00045b30: 6f6e 2064 6973 636f 7665 7279 2069 7320 on discovery is \n+00045b40: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f72 2062 6f6f available or boo\n+00045b50: 7420 616e 640a 6772 7562 2d72 6f6f 7420 t and.grub-root \n+00045b60: 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6469 6666 6572 disks are differ\n+00045b70: 656e 742c 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 ent, UUID is use\n+00045b80: 6420 696e 7374 6561 642e 2020 4f6e 2041 d instead. On A\n+00045b90: 5243 2069 6620 6e6f 0a64 6576 6963 6520 RC if no.device \n+00045ba0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6f20 6973 to install to is\n+00045bb0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 5555 4944 specified, UUID\n+00045bc0: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 is used instead\n+00045bd0: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 as well... \n+00045be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 BIOS \n+00045bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f Coreboo\n+00045c00: 7420 2020 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f t Multiboo\n+00045c10: 7420 2020 2020 2051 656d 750a 7669 6465 t Qemu.vide\n+00045c20: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 o yes \n+00045c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6e73 yes.cons\n+00045c60: 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 ole CP437\n+00045c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 CP437 \n+00045c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 CP437 \n+00045c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 370a 6368 CP437.ch\n+00045ca0: 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 arset.network \n+00045cb0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00045cc0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045cd0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045ce0: 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00045cf0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d00: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d10: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d20: 2079 6573 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 yes.AT keyboard\n+00045d30: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d40: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d50: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d60: 2079 6573 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 yes.Speaker \n+00045d70: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d80: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d90: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045da0: 2079 6573 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes.USB \n+00045db0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045dc0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045dd0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045de0: 2079 6573 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 yes.chainloader\n+00045df0: 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 local \n+00045e00: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045e10: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045e20: 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n+00045e30: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045e40: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045e50: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045e60: 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 partial.rdmsr \n+00045e70: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+00045e80: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+00045e90: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+00045ea0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 7772 6d73 partial.wrms\n+00045eb0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 r parti\n+00045ec0: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n+00045ed0: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n+00045ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a partial.\n+00045ef0: 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 hints g\n+00045f00: 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 uess gu\n+00045f10: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 ess gue\n+00045f20: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 ss gues\n+00045f30: 730a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.PCI \n+00045f40: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f50: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00045f60: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+00045f70: 730a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.badram \n+00045f80: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f90: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00045fa0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+00045fb0: 730a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 s.compression \n+00045fc0: 2061 6c77 6179 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 always \n+00045fd0: 706f 696e 746c 6573 7320 2020 2020 206e pointless n\n+00045fe0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00045ff0: 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .exit \n+00046000: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046010: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00046030: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2064 bootlocation d\n+00046040: 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f isk no\n+00046050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00046060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a no..\n+00046070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+00046080: 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 616d a32 EFI am\n+00046090: 6436 3420 4546 4920 2020 2020 2069 6133 d64 EFI ia3\n+000460a0: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4974 616e 2 Itan\n+000460b0: 6975 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ium. \n 000460c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000460d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4545 IEE\n-000460e0: 4531 3237 350a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 E1275.video \n-000460f0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046100: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046110: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046120: 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 no.console \n-00046130: 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2020 2020 Unicode \n-00046140: 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2020 2020 2020 Unicode \n-00046150: 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n-00046160: 2055 6e69 636f 6465 0a63 6861 7273 6574 Unicode.charset\n-00046170: 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 .network \n-00046180: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00046190: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-000461a0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-000461b0: 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 .ATA/AHCI \n-000461c0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-000461d0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-000461e0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n-000461f0: 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 AT keyboard y\n-00046200: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00046210: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00046220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 no.S\n-00046230: 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 peaker ye\n-00046240: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00046250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 no.US\n-00046270: 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 B yes\n-00046280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-000462a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 no.cha\n-000462b0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 inloader loca\n-000462c0: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f63 616c l local\n-000462d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-000462e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f63 616c 0a63 local.c\n-000462f0: 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 puid pa\n-00046300: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n-00046310: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n-00046320: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 ial no.rd\n-00046330: 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 msr par\n-00046340: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n-00046350: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n-00046360: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d al no.wrm\n-00046370: 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 sr part\n-00046380: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n-00046390: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n-000463a0: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 l no.hint\n-000463b0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 s guess\n-000463c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 guess \n-000463d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 good \n-000463e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 guess.PC\n-000463f0: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 I yes\n-00046400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 no.bad\n-00046430: 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ram yes \n-00046440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d yes.com\n-00046470: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 pression no \n-00046480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-000464a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 no.exit\n-000464b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-000464c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000464d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000464e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 626f 6f74 yes.boot\n-000464f0: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2066 696c 6520 location file \n-00046500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 file \n-00046510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 652c 2020 file, \n-00046520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 file. \n-00046530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000460d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000460e0: 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a 7669 6465 6f20 IEEE1275.video \n+000460f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046110: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046120: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 no.console\n+00046130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 Unicode \n+00046140: 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2020 Unicode \n+00046150: 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 ASCII \n+00046160: 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 0a63 6861 Unicode.cha\n+00046170: 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 rset.network \n+00046180: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046190: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461a0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461b0: 2079 6573 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 yes.ATA/AHCI \n+000461c0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461d0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461e0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461f0: 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 no.AT keyboard \n+00046200: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046210: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046220: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046230: 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n+00046240: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046250: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046260: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046270: 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.USB \n+00046280: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046290: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+000462a0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+000462b0: 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .chainloader \n+000462c0: 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c local l\n+000462d0: 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f ocal no\n+000462e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f63 loc\n+000462f0: 616c 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 al.cpuid \n+00046300: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046310: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046320: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 206e partial n\n+00046330: 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.rdmsr \n+00046340: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046350: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n+00046360: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f artial no\n+00046370: 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .wrmsr \n+00046380: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n+00046390: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n+000463a0: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a rtial no.\n+000463b0: 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 hints g\n+000463c0: 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 uess gu\n+000463d0: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f ess goo\n+000463e0: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 d gues\n+000463f0: 730a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.PCI \n+00046400: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046410: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00046420: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+00046430: 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .badram \n+00046440: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00046450: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+00046460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00046470: 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 .compression \n+00046480: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046490: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+000464a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+000464b0: 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 exit y\n+000464c0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+000464d0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+000464e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+000464f0: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2066 bootlocation f\n+00046500: 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 ile fi\n+00046510: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c le fil\n+00046520: 652c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 e, file\n+00046530: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00046540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 ignore\n-00046560: 640a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d.. \n-00046570: 2020 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 Loongson \n-00046580: 2073 7061 7263 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 sparc64 \n-00046590: 506f 7765 7270 6320 2020 2020 2020 2041 Powerpc A\n-000465a0: 5243 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 RC.video \n-000465b0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000465c0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000465d0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-000465e0: 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 o.console \n-000465f0: 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n-00046600: 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 ASCII A\n-00046610: 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 SCII AS\n-00046620: 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 CII.charset.netw\n-00046630: 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 ork no \n-00046640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a yes (*\n-00046650: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 ) yes \n-00046660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 no.ATA/A\n-00046670: 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 HCI yes \n-00046680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466a0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 no.AT key\n-000466b0: 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 board yes \n-000466c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466d0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466e0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 no.Speaker\n-000466f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046700: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046710: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046720: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 no.USB \n-00046730: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046740: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046750: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046760: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 no.chainload\n-00046770: 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 er yes \n-00046780: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046790: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467a0: 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n-000467b0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467d0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467e0: 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n-000467f0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046800: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046810: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046820: 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n-00046830: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046840: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046850: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046860: 6e6f 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.hints \n-00046870: 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046880: 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046890: 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e good n\n-000468a0: 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.PCI \n-000468b0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000468c0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-000468d0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-000468e0: 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .badram \n-000468f0: 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e yes (*) n\n-00046900: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046920: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2063 compression c\n-00046930: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 2020 6e6f onfigurable no\n-00046940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00046950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 conf\n-00046960: 6967 7572 6162 6c65 0a65 7869 7420 2020 igurable.exit \n-00046970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046980: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046990: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000469a0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 yes.bootloc\n-000469b0: 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 ation no \n-000469c0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e partition\n-000469d0: 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 file \n-000469e0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 282a 290a 0a20 file (*).. \n-000469f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d49 MI\n-00046a00: 5053 2071 656d 7520 2020 2020 2065 6d75 PS qemu emu\n-00046a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e0a xen.\n-00046a20: 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e video n\n-00046a30: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n-00046a40: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n-00046a50: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 console C\n-00046a60: 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e P437 Un\n-00046a70: 6963 6f64 6520 282a 2920 2020 2041 5343 icode (*) ASC\n-00046a80: 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f II.charset.netwo\n-00046a90: 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 rk no \n-00046aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00046ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 no.ATA/A\n-00046ac0: 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 HCI yes \n-00046ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 no.AT ke\n-00046af0: 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yboard yes \n-00046b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b no.Speak\n-00046b20: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 er no \n-00046b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 no.USB \n-00046b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 N/A \n-00046b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00046b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e no.chain\n-00046b80: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 loader yes \n-00046b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6370 7569 yes.cpui\n-00046bb0: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 d no \n-00046bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a72 646d yes.rdm\n-00046be0: 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 sr no \n-00046bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 7772 yes.wr\n-00046c10: 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 msr no \n-00046c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a68 yes.h\n-00046c40: 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 ints gu\n-00046c50: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 ess no \n-00046c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 no.P\n-00046c70: 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f CI no\n-00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00046c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 no.b\n-00046ca0: 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 adram ye\n-00046cb0: 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s (*) no \n-00046cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n-00046cd0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f ompression co\n-00046ce0: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 nfigurable no \n-00046cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 no.e\n-00046d00: 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f xit no\n-00046d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00046d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 no.b\n-00046d30: 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f ootlocation no\n-00046d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c fil\n-00046d50: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a e no..\n-00046d60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00046d70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f o, Node: Platfo\n-00046d80: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 rm-specific oper\n-00046d90: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 ations, Next: S\n-00046da0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 upported kernels\n-00046db0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 , Prev: Platfor\n-00046dc0: 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 m limitations, \n-00046dd0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3120 4f75 746c Up: Top..21 Outl\n-00046de0: 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a ine.**********..\n-00046df0: 536f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 Some platforms h\n-00046e00: 6176 6520 6665 6174 7572 6573 2077 6869 ave features whi\n-00046e10: 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2069 6d70 ch allows to imp\n-00046e20: 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6f6d 6520 636f 6d6d lement some comm\n-00046e30: 616e 6473 0a75 7365 6c65 7373 206f 7220 ands.useless or \n-00046e40: 6e6f 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 626c not implementabl\n-00046e50: 6520 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 e on others... \n-00046e60: 2051 7569 636b 2073 756d 6d61 7279 3a0a Quick summary:.\n-00046e70: 0a20 2020 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 . Information \n-00046e80: 7265 7472 6965 7661 6c3a 0a0a 2020 20e2 retrieval:.. .\n-00046e90: 80a2 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 .. mipsel-loongs\n-00046ea0: 6f6e 3a20 6c73 7370 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 on: lsspd. ...\n-00046eb0: 206d 6970 732d 6172 633a 206c 7364 6576 mips-arc: lsdev\n-00046ec0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6566 693a 206c 7365 . ... efi: lse\n-00046ed0: 6669 7379 7374 6162 2c20 6c73 7361 6c2c fisystab, lssal,\n-00046ee0: 206c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 2c20 6c73 6566 lsefimmap, lsef\n-00046ef0: 690a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 i. ... i386-pc\n-00046f00: 3a20 6c73 6170 6d0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 : lsapm. ... i\n-00046f10: 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 6c73 386-coreboot: ls\n-00046f20: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 636f 7265 626f coreboot, corebo\n-00046f30: 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d 652c 2063 626d ot_boottime, cbm\n-00046f40: 656d 630a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d emc. ... acpi-\n-00046f50: 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 enabled (i386-pc\n-00046f60: 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c , i386-coreboot,\n-00046f70: 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c i386-multiboot,\n-00046f80: 202a 2d65 6669 293a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 *-efi):. ls\n-00046f90: 6163 7069 0a0a 2020 2057 6f72 6b61 726f acpi.. Workaro\n-00046fa0: 756e 6473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 unds for platfor\n-00046fb0: 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2069 7373 7565 m-specific issue\n-00046fc0: 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d65 s:. ... i386-e\n-00046fd0: 6669 2f78 3836 5f36 342d 6566 693a 206c fi/x86_64-efi: l\n-00046fe0: 6f61 6462 696f 732c 2066 616b 6562 696f oadbios, fakebio\n-00046ff0: 732c 2066 6978 5f76 6964 656f 0a20 2020 s, fix_video. \n-00047000: e280 a220 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 ... acpi-enabled\n-00047010: 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d (i386-pc, i386-\n-00047020: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d coreboot, i386-m\n-00047030: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 ultiboot, *-efi)\n-00047040: 3a20 6163 7069 0a20 2020 2020 286f 7665 : acpi. (ove\n-00047050: 7272 6964 6520 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 rride ACPI table\n-00047060: 7329 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 s). ... i386-p\n-00047070: 633a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2020 20e2 c: drivemap. .\n-00047080: 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 7365 6e64 .. i386-pc: send\n-00047090: 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 4164 7661 6e63 6564 key.. Advanced\n-000470a0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 operations for \n-000470b0: 706f 7765 7220 7573 6572 733a 0a20 2020 power users:. \n-000470c0: e280 a220 7838 363a 2069 6f72 7720 2864 ... x86: iorw (d\n-000470d0: 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 irect access to \n-000470e0: 492f 4f20 706f 7274 7329 0a0a 2020 204d I/O ports).. M\n-000470f0: 6973 6365 6c61 6e65 6f75 733a 0a20 2020 iscelaneous:. \n-00047100: e280 a220 636d 6f73 2028 7838 362d 2a2c ... cmos (x86-*,\n-00047110: 2069 6565 6531 3237 352c 206d 6970 732d ieee1275, mips-\n-00047120: 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 732c 206d 6970 732d qemu_mips, mips-\n-00047130: 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 293a 2063 6d6f 7374 loongson): cmost\n-00047140: 6573 740a 2020 2020 2028 7573 6564 206f est. (used o\n-00047150: 6e20 736f 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7073 2074 n some laptops t\n-00047160: 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 666f 7220 7370 6563 o check for spec\n-00047170: 6961 6c20 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 ial power-on key\n-00047180: 292c 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 0a20 2020 ), cmosclean. \n-00047190: e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2070 6c61 ... i386-pc: pla\n-000471a0: 790a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e y....File: grub.\n-000471b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 7570 info, Node: Sup\n-000471c0: 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 ported kernels, \n-000471d0: 204e 6578 743a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 Next: Troublesh\n-000471e0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 ooting, Prev: P\n-000471f0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform-specific\n-00047200: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 operations, Up\n-00047210: 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3220 5375 7070 6f72 : Top..22 Suppor\n-00047220: 7465 6420 626f 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 ted boot targets\n-00047230: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-00047240: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5838 3620 **********..X86 \n-00047250: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2073 756d 6d61 support is summa\n-00047260: 7269 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c rised in the fol\n-00047270: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2022 lowing table. \"\n-00047280: 5965 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 Yes\" means that \n-00047290: 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 the.kernel works\n-000472a0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 706c on the given pl\n-000472b0: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2263 7261 7368 6573 atform, \"crashes\n-000472c0: 2220 6d65 616e 7320 616e 2065 6172 6c79 \" means an early\n-000472d0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 6372 6173 6820 7768 kernel.crash wh\n-000472e0: 6963 6820 7765 2068 6f70 6520 7769 6c6c ich we hope will\n-000472f0: 2062 6520 6669 7865 6420 6279 2063 6f6e be fixed by con\n-00047300: 6365 726e 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6465 cerned kernel de\n-00047310: 7665 6c6f 7065 7273 2e20 2022 6e6f 220a velopers. \"no\".\n-00047320: 6d65 616e 7320 4752 5542 2064 6f65 736e means GRUB doesn\n-00047330: 2774 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6769 7665 't load the give\n-00047340: 6e20 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6e20 6120 6769 n kernel on a gi\n-00047350: 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2268 ven platform..\"h\n-00047360: 6561 646c 6573 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 eadless\" means t\n-00047370: 6861 7420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 hat the kernel w\n-00047380: 6f72 6b73 2062 7574 206c 6163 6b73 2063 orks but lacks c\n-00047390: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2064 7269 7665 7273 2028 onsole drivers (\n-000473a0: 796f 750a 6361 6e20 7374 696c 6c20 7573 you.can still us\n-000473b0: 6520 7365 7269 616c 206f 7220 6e65 7477 e serial or netw\n-000473c0: 6f72 6b20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2e20 2049 ork console). I\n-000473d0: 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 226e 6f22 2061 n case of \"no\" a\n-000473e0: 6e64 2022 6372 6173 6865 7322 0a74 6865 nd \"crashes\".the\n-000473f0: 2072 6561 736f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e reason is given\n-00047400: 2069 6e20 666f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2e0a 2020 in footnote.. \n-00047410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00046550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6967 ig\n+00046560: 6e6f 7265 640a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nored.. \n+00046570: 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2020 Loongson \n+00046580: 2020 2020 2073 7061 7263 3634 2020 2020 sparc64 \n+00046590: 2020 2020 506f 7765 7270 6320 2020 2020 Powerpc \n+000465a0: 2020 2041 5243 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 ARC.video \n+000465b0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465c0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000465d0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465e0: 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 no.console \n+000465f0: 2020 2020 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n+00046600: 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n+00046610: 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n+00046620: 2020 4153 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a ASCII.charset.\n+00046630: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e network n\n+00046640: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n+00046650: 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s (*) yes\n+00046660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 no.A\n+00046670: 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 TA/AHCI ye\n+00046680: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n+00046690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+000466a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 no.AT\n+000466b0: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 keyboard yes\n+000466c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+000466d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+000466e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 no.Spe\n+000466f0: 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 aker no \n+00046700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 no.USB \n+00046730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00046740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e no.chain\n+00046770: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 loader yes \n+00046780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467a0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 no.cpuid \n+000467b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+000467c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467d0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467e0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 no.rdmsr \n+000467f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046800: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046810: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046820: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 no.wrmsr \n+00046830: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046840: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046850: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046860: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 no.hints \n+00046870: 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 good \n+00046880: 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 good \n+00046890: 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n+000468a0: 2020 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n+000468b0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000468c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468d0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468e0: 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 no.badram \n+000468f0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00046900: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046910: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046920: 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 no.compression \n+00046930: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 configurable \n+00046940: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046950: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046960: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 0a65 7869 configurable.exi\n+00046970: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 t no \n+00046980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00046990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+000469a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f yes.boo\n+000469b0: 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 tlocation no \n+000469c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 parti\n+000469d0: 7469 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 tion file \n+000469e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 282a file (*\n+000469f0: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).. \n+00046a00: 2020 4d49 5053 2071 656d 7520 2020 2020 MIPS qemu \n+00046a10: 2065 6d75 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 emu \n+00046a20: 7865 6e0a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 xen.video \n+00046a30: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046a40: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046a50: 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 no.console \n+00046a60: 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00046a70: 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 282a 2920 2020 Unicode (*) \n+00046a80: 2041 5343 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e ASCII.charset.n\n+00046a90: 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f etwork no\n+00046aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00046ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 no.A\n+00046ac0: 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 TA/AHCI ye\n+00046ad0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n+00046ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 no.A\n+00046af0: 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 T keyboard ye\n+00046b00: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n+00046b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 no.S\n+00046b20: 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f peaker no\n+00046b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00046b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 no.U\n+00046b50: 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f SB N/\n+00046b60: 4120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 A yes\n+00046b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n+00046b80: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 hainloader ye\n+00046b90: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n+00046ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00046bb0: 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e cpuid n\n+00046bc0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00046be0: 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .rdmsr \n+00046bf0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046c00: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n+00046c10: 730a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.wrmsr \n+00046c20: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c30: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n+00046c40: 6573 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 es.hints \n+00046c50: 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00046c60: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c70: 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n+00046c80: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c90: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ca0: 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 no.badram \n+00046cb0: 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00046cc0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046cd0: 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 no.compression \n+00046ce0: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2020 configurable \n+00046cf0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d00: 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n+00046d10: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d20: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046d30: 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 no.bootlocation \n+00046d40: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d50: 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+00046d60: 6e6f 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 no....File: grub\n+00046d70: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c .info, Node: Pl\n+00046d80: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n+00046d90: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 operations, Nex\n+00046da0: 743a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 t: Supported ker\n+00046db0: 6e65 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 nels, Prev: Pla\n+00046dc0: 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e tform limitation\n+00046dd0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3120 s, Up: Top..21 \n+00046de0: 4f75 746c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Outline.********\n+00046df0: 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 **..Some platfor\n+00046e00: 6d73 2068 6176 6520 6665 6174 7572 6573 ms have features\n+00046e10: 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f which allows to\n+00046e20: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6f6d 6520 implement some \n+00046e30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a75 7365 6c65 7373 commands.useless\n+00046e40: 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e or not implemen\n+00046e50: 7461 626c 6520 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 732e table on others.\n+00046e60: 0a0a 2020 2051 7569 636b 2073 756d 6d61 .. Quick summa\n+00046e70: 7279 3a0a 0a20 2020 496e 666f 726d 6174 ry:.. Informat\n+00046e80: 696f 6e20 7265 7472 6965 7661 6c3a 0a0a ion retrieval:..\n+00046e90: 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f ... mipsel-lo\n+00046ea0: 6f6e 6773 6f6e 3a20 6c73 7370 640a 2020 ongson: lsspd. \n+00046eb0: 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 732d 6172 633a 206c ... mips-arc: l\n+00046ec0: 7364 6576 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6566 693a sdev. ... efi:\n+00046ed0: 206c 7365 6669 7379 7374 6162 2c20 6c73 lsefisystab, ls\n+00046ee0: 7361 6c2c 206c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 2c20 sal, lsefimmap, \n+00046ef0: 6c73 6566 690a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 lsefi. ... i38\n+00046f00: 362d 7063 3a20 6c73 6170 6d0a 2020 20e2 6-pc: lsapm. .\n+00046f10: 80a2 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 .. i386-coreboot\n+00046f20: 3a20 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 636f : lscoreboot, co\n+00046f30: 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d 652c reboot_boottime,\n+00046f40: 2063 626d 656d 630a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 cbmemc. ... a\n+00046f50: 6370 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 cpi-enabled (i38\n+00046f60: 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6-pc, i386-coreb\n+00046f70: 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 oot, i386-multib\n+00046f80: 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a 0a20 2020 oot, *-efi):. \n+00046f90: 2020 6c73 6163 7069 0a0a 2020 2057 6f72 lsacpi.. Wor\n+00046fa0: 6b61 726f 756e 6473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 karounds for pla\n+00046fb0: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2069 tform-specific i\n+00046fc0: 7373 7565 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 ssues:. ... i3\n+00046fd0: 3836 2d65 6669 2f78 3836 5f36 342d 6566 86-efi/x86_64-ef\n+00046fe0: 693a 206c 6f61 6462 696f 732c 2066 616b i: loadbios, fak\n+00046ff0: 6562 696f 732c 2066 6978 5f76 6964 656f ebios, fix_video\n+00047000: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 . ... acpi-ena\n+00047010: 626c 6564 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 bled (i386-pc, i\n+00047020: 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 386-coreboot, i3\n+00047030: 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 86-multiboot, *-\n+00047040: 6566 6929 3a20 6163 7069 0a20 2020 2020 efi): acpi. \n+00047050: 286f 7665 7272 6964 6520 4143 5049 2074 (override ACPI t\n+00047060: 6162 6c65 7329 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 ables). ... i3\n+00047070: 3836 2d70 633a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 86-pc: drivemap.\n+00047080: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 ... i386-pc: \n+00047090: 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 4164 7661 sendkey.. Adva\n+000470a0: 6e63 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 nced operations \n+000470b0: 666f 7220 706f 7765 7220 7573 6572 733a for power users:\n+000470c0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7838 363a 2069 6f72 . ... x86: ior\n+000470d0: 7720 2864 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 7373 w (direct access\n+000470e0: 2074 6f20 492f 4f20 706f 7274 7329 0a0a to I/O ports)..\n+000470f0: 2020 204d 6973 6365 6c61 6e65 6f75 733a Miscelaneous:\n+00047100: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 636d 6f73 2028 7838 . ... cmos (x8\n+00047110: 362d 2a2c 2069 6565 6531 3237 352c 206d 6-*, ieee1275, m\n+00047120: 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 732c 206d ips-qemu_mips, m\n+00047130: 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 293a 2063 ips-loongson): c\n+00047140: 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2020 2020 2028 7573 mostest. (us\n+00047150: 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206c 6170 746f ed on some lapto\n+00047160: 7073 2074 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 666f 7220 ps to check for \n+00047170: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 706f 7765 722d 6f6e special power-on\n+00047180: 206b 6579 292c 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e key), cmosclean\n+00047190: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a . ... i386-pc:\n+000471a0: 2070 6c61 790a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 play....File: g\n+000471b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000471c0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 Supported kerne\n+000471d0: 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2054 726f 7562 ls, Next: Troub\n+000471e0: 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 leshooting, Pre\n+000471f0: 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 v: Platform-spec\n+00047200: 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c ific operations,\n+00047210: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3220 5375 Up: Top..22 Su\n+00047220: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 626f 6f74 2074 6172 pported boot tar\n+00047230: 6765 7473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a gets.***********\n+00047240: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00047250: 5838 3620 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2073 X86 support is s\n+00047260: 756d 6d61 7269 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 ummarised in the\n+00047270: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 following table\n+00047280: 2e20 2022 5965 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 . \"Yes\" means t\n+00047290: 6861 7420 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c 2077 hat the.kernel w\n+000472a0: 6f72 6b73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 orks on the give\n+000472b0: 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2263 7261 n platform, \"cra\n+000472c0: 7368 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 616e 2065 shes\" means an e\n+000472d0: 6172 6c79 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 6372 6173 arly kernel.cras\n+000472e0: 6820 7768 6963 6820 7765 2068 6f70 6520 h which we hope \n+000472f0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6669 7865 6420 6279 will be fixed by\n+00047300: 2063 6f6e 6365 726e 6564 206b 6572 6e65 concerned kerne\n+00047310: 6c20 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7273 2e20 2022 l developers. \"\n+00047320: 6e6f 220a 6d65 616e 7320 4752 5542 2064 no\".means GRUB d\n+00047330: 6f65 736e 2774 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 oesn't load the \n+00047340: 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6e20 given kernel on \n+00047350: 6120 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d a given platform\n+00047360: 2e0a 2268 6561 646c 6573 7322 206d 6561 ..\"headless\" mea\n+00047370: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6b65 726e ns that the kern\n+00047380: 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 2062 7574 206c 6163 el works but lac\n+00047390: 6b73 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2064 7269 7665 ks console drive\n+000473a0: 7273 2028 796f 750a 6361 6e20 7374 696c rs (you.can stil\n+000473b0: 6c20 7573 6520 7365 7269 616c 206f 7220 l use serial or \n+000473c0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 network console)\n+000473d0: 2e20 2049 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 226e . In case of \"n\n+000473e0: 6f22 2061 6e64 2022 6372 6173 6865 7322 o\" and \"crashes\"\n+000473f0: 0a74 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e20 6973 2067 .the reason is g\n+00047400: 6976 656e 2069 6e20 666f 6f74 6e6f 7465 iven in footnote\n+00047410: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n 00047420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047430: 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n-00047440: 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f 6f74 0a42 494f Coreboot.BIO\n-00047450: 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 S chainloading \n-00047460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047470: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047480: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 no (1).NTLDR \n-00047490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000474a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-000474b0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-000474c0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n+00047430: 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 2020 BIOS \n+00047440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f 6f74 Coreboot\n+00047450: 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 .BIOS chainloadi\n+00047460: 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng \n+00047470: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047480: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 no (1).NT\n+00047490: 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 LDR \n+000474a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000474b0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000474c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 no (1).Plan9\n 000474d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000474e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000474f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00047500: 2831 290a 4672 6565 646f 7320 2020 2020 (1).Freedos \n+000474e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000474f0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047500: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 646f 7320 no (1).Freedos \n 00047510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00047530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00047540: 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 .FreeBSD bootloa\n-00047550: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-00047560: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047570: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00047580: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 1).32-bit kFreeB\n-00047590: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-000475a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000475b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n-000475c0: 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 (5).64-bit kFre\n-000475d0: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n-000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000475f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n-00047600: 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e es (5).32-bit kN\n-00047610: 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etBSD \n-00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00047630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-00047640: 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 shes (1).64-bit \n-00047650: 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-00047660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047670: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 s c\n-00047680: 7261 7368 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f rashes.32-bit kO\n-00047690: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n-000476a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000476b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000476c0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 .64-bit kOpenBSD\n-000476d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476e0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000476f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 yes.Multi\n-00047700: 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot \n+00047520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047540: 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f (1).FreeBSD boo\n+00047550: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 tloader \n+00047560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00047570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n+00047580: 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 es (1).32-bit kF\n+00047590: 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeBSD \n+000475a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+000475b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n+000475c0: 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 shes (5).64-bit \n+000475d0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000475f0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 s c\n+00047600: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 rashes (5).32-bi\n+00047610: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 t kNetBSD \n+00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047630: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047640: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d crashes (1).64-\n+00047650: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n+00047660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047670: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047680: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 0a33 322d 6269 crashes.32-bi\n+00047690: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n+000476a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000476b0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000476c0: 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 yes.64-bit kOpe\n+000476d0: 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nBSD \n+000476e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+000476f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d yes.M\n+00047700: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot \n 00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047720: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047730: 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 yes.Multiboot2 \n-00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00047760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 yes.3\n-00047770: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 2-bit Linux (leg\n-00047780: 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 acy protocol) \n-00047790: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000477a0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 no (1).64-b\n-000477b0: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 it Linux (legacy\n-000477c0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-000477d0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000477e0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 no (1).32-bit \n-000477f0: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n-00047800: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 otocol) ye\n-00047810: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00047820: 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 es.64-bit Linux \n-00047830: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n-00047840: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n-00047850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d yes.32-\n-00047860: 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 bit XNU \n+00047720: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047730: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f yes.Multibo\n+00047740: 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot2 \n+00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047760: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+00047770: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 es.32-bit Linux \n+00047780: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n+00047790: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n+000477a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+000477b0: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 64-bit Linux (le\n+000477c0: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n+000477d0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477e0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d no (1).32-\n+000477f0: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n+00047800: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n+00047810: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047820: 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 yes.64-bit Li\n+00047830: 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 nux (modern prot\n+00047840: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ocol) yes \n+00047850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047860: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .32-bit XNU \n 00047870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047880: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047890: 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 ?.64-bit XNU \n-000478a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000478c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d ?.32-\n-000478d0: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n-000478e0: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-000478f0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047900: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (2).64-bit\n-00047910: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n-00047920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00047930: 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (2) \n-00047940: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 no (2).Appleload\n-00047950: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00047960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00047970: 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2) no \n-00047980: 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (2).. \n+00047880: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047890: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 ?.64-bit \n+000478a0: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000478c0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f s ?\n+000478d0: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 .32-bit EFI chai\n+000478e0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloader \n+000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047900: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 no (2).64\n+00047910: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n+00047920: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n+00047930: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047940: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 no (2).Apple\n+00047950: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00047960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047970: 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047980: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 no (2).. \n 00047990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000479a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 Multib\n-000479b0: 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2051 656d 750a oot Qemu.\n-000479c0: 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e BIOS chainloadin\n-000479d0: 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \n-000479e0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000479f0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c no (1).NTL\n-00047a00: 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 DR \n+000479a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d75 Mu\n+000479b0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2051 ltiboot Q\n+000479c0: 656d 750a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f emu.BIOS chainlo\n+000479d0: 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ading \n+000479e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n+000479f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00047a00: 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .NTLDR \n 00047a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a20: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047a30: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 no (1).Plan9 \n-00047a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00047a60: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n-00047a70: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 no (1).FreeDOS \n-00047a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00047aa0: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n-00047ab0: 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 (1).FreeBSD boot\n-00047ac0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n-00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n-00047ae0: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 (1) crashe\n-00047af0: 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 s (1).32-bit kFr\n-00047b00: 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD \n-00047b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n-00047b20: 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 es (5) cras\n-00047b30: 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b hes (5).64-bit k\n-00047b40: 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeBSD \n-00047b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-00047b60: 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 shes (5) cr\n-00047b70: 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (5).32-bit\n-00047b80: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-00047b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-00047ba0: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 rashes (1) \n-00047bb0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 crashes (1).64-b\n-00047bc0: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047a30: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c no (1).Pl\n+00047a40: 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an9 \n+00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047a60: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047a70: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 no (1).FreeD\n+00047a80: 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 OS \n+00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047aa0: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047ab0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 no (1).FreeBSD \n+00047ac0: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 bootloader \n+00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n+00047ae0: 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 shes (1) cr\n+00047af0: 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (1).32-bit\n+00047b00: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+00047b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+00047b20: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 rashes (5) \n+00047b30: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 crashes (5).64-b\n+00047b40: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n+00047b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047b60: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 crashes (5) \n+00047b70: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 crashes (5).32\n+00047b80: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n+00047b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047ba0: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 crashes (1) \n+00047bb0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n+00047bc0: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 64-bit kNetBSD \n 00047bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047be0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047bf0: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 yes.32-bit kOp\n-00047c00: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n-00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00047c30: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 64-bit kOpenBSD \n-00047c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c50: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047c60: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 yes.Multib\n-00047c70: 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot \n-00047c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047c90: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047ca0: 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 yes.Multiboot2 \n-00047cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00047cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n-00047ce0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n-00047cf0: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n-00047d00: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047d10: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 no (1).64-bi\n-00047d20: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 t Linux (legacy \n-00047d30: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00047d40: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047d50: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c no (1).32-bit L\n-00047d60: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n-00047d70: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n-00047d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047d90: 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 s.64-bit Linux (\n-00047da0: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n-00047db0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n-00047dd0: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n+00047be0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n+00047c00: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+00047c20: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00047c30: 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e yes.64-bit kOpen\n+00047c40: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00047c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00047c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 yes.Mu\n+00047c70: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot \n+00047c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047c90: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047ca0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f yes.Multiboo\n+00047cb0: 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t2 \n+00047cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047ce0: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 s.32-bit Linux (\n+00047cf0: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n+00047d00: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+00047d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 no (1).6\n+00047d20: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 4-bit Linux (leg\n+00047d30: 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 acy protocol) \n+00047d40: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047d50: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 no (1).32-b\n+00047d60: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n+00047d70: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00047d80: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047d90: 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e yes.64-bit Lin\n+00047da0: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n+00047db0: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n+00047dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00047dd0: 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 32-bit XNU \n 00047de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047df0: 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047e00: 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 ?.64-bit XNU \n-00047e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 ?.32-b\n-00047e40: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n-00047e50: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00047e60: 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047e70: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 no (2).64-bit \n-00047e80: 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 EFI chainloader \n-00047e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-00047ea0: 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (2) n\n-00047eb0: 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 o (2).Appleloade\n-00047ec0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-00047ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n-00047ee0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00047ef0: 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2).. \n+00047df0: 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 ?.64-bit X\n+00047e10: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n+00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 ? \n+00047e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n+00047e40: 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 32-bit EFI chain\n+00047e50: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00047e60: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047e70: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d no (2).64-\n+00047e80: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n+00047e90: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n+00047ea0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047eb0: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c no (2).Applel\n+00047ec0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+00047ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+00047ee0: 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (2) \n+00047ef0: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2).. \n 00047f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 ia32 EF\n-00047f20: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 I amd64 \n-00047f30: 4546 490a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f EFI.BIOS chainlo\n-00047f40: 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ading \n-00047f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n-00047f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00047f70: 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .NTLDR \n+00047f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 ia3\n+00047f20: 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 616d 2 EFI am\n+00047f30: 6436 3420 4546 490a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 d64 EFI.BIOS cha\n+00047f40: 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 inloading \n+00047f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00047f60: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n+00047f70: 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n 00047f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047fa0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c no (1).Pl\n-00047fb0: 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an9 \n+00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00047fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047fb0: 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).Plan9 \n 00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047fd0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047fe0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 no (1).FreeD\n-00047ff0: 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 OS \n+00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+00047fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n+00047ff0: 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeDOS \n 00048000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048010: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048020: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 no (1).FreeBSD \n-00048030: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 bootloader \n-00048040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-00048050: 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 shes (1) cr\n-00048060: 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (1).32-bit\n-00048070: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-00048080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n-00048090: 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 eadless \n-000480a0: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 headless.64-bit \n-000480b0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-000480c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 he\n-000480d0: 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 adless h\n-000480e0: 6561 646c 6573 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b eadless.32-bit k\n-000480f0: 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NetBSD \n-00048100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-00048110: 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 shes (1) cr\n-00048120: 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 ashes (1).64-bit\n-00048130: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-00048140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00048150: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00048160: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e yes.32-bit kOpen\n-00048170: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 headles\n-00048190: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 s headle\n-000481a0: 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 ss.64-bit kOpenB\n-000481b0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 headless\n-000481d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 headles\n-000481e0: 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 s.Multiboot \n+00048010: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048020: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 no (1).Free\n+00048030: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 BSD bootloader \n+00048040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048050: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n+00048060: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 crashes (1).32\n+00048070: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n+00048080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048090: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 headless \n+000480a0: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d headless.64-\n+000480b0: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n+000480c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000480d0: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 headless \n+000480e0: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3332 2d62 headless.32-b\n+000480f0: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+00048100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048110: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n+00048120: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 crashes (1).64\n+00048130: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n+00048140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048150: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048160: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b yes.32-bit k\n+00048170: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n+00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 hea\n+00048190: 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 dless he\n+000481a0: 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f adless.64-bit kO\n+000481b0: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n+000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 head\n+000481d0: 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 less hea\n+000481e0: 646c 6573 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 dless.Multiboot \n 000481f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048200: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 yes.Mult\n-00048220: 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot2 \n+00048200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00048210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00048220: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot2 \n 00048230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048240: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048250: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e yes.32-bit Lin\n-00048260: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n-00048270: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 col) no (1\n-00048280: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00048290: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).64-bit Linux \n-000482a0: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n-000482b0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 ) no (1) \n-000482c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-000482d0: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 32-bit Linux (mo\n-000482e0: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n-000482f0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048300: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 yes.64-bit\n-00048310: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n-00048320: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n-00048330: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00048340: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 yes.32-bit XNU \n-00048350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00048370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 yes.64\n-00048380: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 -bit XNU \n+00048240: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048250: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n+00048260: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n+00048270: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e rotocol) n\n+00048280: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n+00048290: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 no (1).64-bit Li\n+000482a0: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n+000482b0: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ocol) no (\n+000482c0: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n+000482d0: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).32-bit Linux\n+000482e0: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n+000482f0: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n+00048300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 yes.64\n+00048310: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n+00048320: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n+00048330: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048340: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 yes.32-bit X\n+00048350: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n+00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00048370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00048380: 730a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 s.64-bit XNU \n 00048390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483a0: 2020 2079 6573 2028 3429 2020 2020 2020 yes (4) \n-000483b0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 yes.32-bit E\n-000483c0: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n-000483d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-000483f0: 2028 3329 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 (3).64-bit EFI \n-00048400: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 chainloader \n-00048410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 no (3)\n-00048420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 yes.A\n-00048430: 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 ppleloader \n+000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 3429 2020 yes (4) \n+000483b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n+000483c0: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n+000483d0: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+000483e0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000483f0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 0a36 342d 6269 7420 no (3).64-bit \n+00048400: 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 EFI chainloader \n+00048410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00048420: 2028 3329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 (3) y\n+00048430: 6573 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 es.Appleloader \n 00048440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048450: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048460: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 yes.. \n+00048450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00048460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a0a 2020 yes.. \n 00048470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n-00048490: 6133 3220 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a42 494f a32 IEEE1275.BIO\n-000484a0: 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 S chainloading \n-000484b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000484c0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n-000484d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-000484f0: 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n+00048480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048490: 2020 2069 6133 3220 4945 4545 3132 3735 ia32 IEEE1275\n+000484a0: 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 .BIOS chainloadi\n+000484b0: 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng \n+000484c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c no (1).NTL\n+000484d0: 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 DR \n+000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000484f0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n 00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00048520: 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 .FreeDOS \n+00048510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00048520: 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 (1).FreeDOS \n 00048530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048540: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n-00048550: 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 eBSD bootloader \n-00048560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048570: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 crashes (1).32\n-00048580: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n-00048590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000485a0: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 crashes (5).6\n-000485b0: 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 4-bit kFreeBSD \n-000485c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000485d0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a crashes (5).\n-000485e0: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 32-bit kNetBSD \n-000485f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048600: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n-00048610: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .64-bit kNetBSD \n-00048620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048630: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 206b ?.32-bit k\n-00048640: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n-00048650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 ?.6\n-00048660: 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 4-bit kOpenBSD \n-00048670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048680: 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 ?.Multiboot \n-00048690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a4d 756c ?.Mul\n-000486b0: 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot2 \n+00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00048550: 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 .FreeBSD bootloa\n+00048560: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n+00048570: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n+00048580: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 ).32-bit kFreeBS\n+00048590: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+000485a0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n+000485b0: 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5).64-bit kFreeB\n+000485c0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+000485d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+000485e0: 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 (5).32-bit kNetB\n+000485f0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00048610: 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 (1).64-bit kNet\n+00048620: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00048630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 ?.32-b\n+00048640: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n+00048650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048660: 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 ?.64-bit kOpenB\n+00048670: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 ?.Multib\n+00048690: 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot \n+000486a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n+000486b0: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 .Multiboot2 \n 000486c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486d0: 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 ?.32-bit Linux\n-000486e0: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n-000486f0: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a l) no (1).\n-00048700: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 64-bit Linux (le\n-00048710: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n-00048720: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 no (1).32-b\n-00048730: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n-00048740: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00048750: 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 ?.64-bit Linux \n-00048760: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n-00048770: 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 ) ?.32-bit\n-00048780: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n-00048790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n-000487a0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .64-bit XNU \n+000486d0: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 204c ?.32-bit L\n+000486e0: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n+000486f0: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 tocol) no \n+00048700: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).64-bit Linux\n+00048710: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n+00048720: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a l) no (1).\n+00048730: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 32-bit Linux (mo\n+00048740: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n+00048750: 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 ?.64-bit Li\n+00048760: 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 nux (modern prot\n+00048770: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 ocol) ?.32\n+00048780: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 -bit XNU \n+00048790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000487a0: 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 ?.64-bit XNU \n 000487b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000487c0: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 ?.32-bit E\n-000487d0: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n-000487e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000487f0: 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 (2).64-bit EFI c\n-00048800: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n-00048810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n-00048820: 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 Appleloader \n+000487c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 ?.32-b\n+000487d0: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n+000487e0: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+000487f0: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 no (2).64-bit E\n+00048800: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n+00048810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00048820: 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 (2).Appleloader \n 00048830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048840: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2031 no (2).. 1\n-00048850: 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 2042 494f 530a . Requires BIOS.\n-00048860: 2020 322e 2045 4649 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2. EFI only. \n-00048870: 332e 2033 322d 6269 7420 616e 6420 3634 3. 32-bit and 64\n-00048880: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2068 6176 6520 6469 -bit EFI have di\n-00048890: 6666 6572 656e 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 fferent structur\n-000488a0: 6573 2061 6e64 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 0a20 es and work in. \n-000488b0: 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 4350 different CP\n-000488c0: 5520 6d6f 6465 7320 736f 2069 7427 7320 U modes so it's \n-000488d0: 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 not possible to \n-000488e0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6420 3332 2d62 6974 chainload 32-bit\n-000488f0: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 . bootloader\n-00048900: 206f 6e20 3634 2d62 6974 2070 6c61 7466 on 64-bit platf\n-00048910: 6f72 6d20 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 orm and vice-ver\n-00048920: 7361 0a20 2034 2e20 536f 6d65 206d 6f64 sa. 4. Some mod\n-00048930: 756c 6573 206d 6179 206e 6565 6420 746f ules may need to\n-00048940: 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 0a20 2035 be disabled. 5\n-00048950: 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 2041 4350 490a . Requires ACPI.\n-00048960: 0a20 2020 506f 7765 7250 432c 2049 4136 . PowerPC, IA6\n-00048970: 3420 616e 6420 5370 6172 6336 3420 706f 4 and Sparc64 po\n-00048980: 7274 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e 6c79 rts support only\n-00048990: 204c 696e 7578 2e20 204d 4950 5320 706f Linux. MIPS po\n-000489a0: 7274 0a73 7570 706f 7274 7320 4c69 6e75 rt.supports Linu\n-000489b0: 7820 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 x and multiboot2\n-000489c0: 2e0a 0a32 322e 3120 426f 6f74 2074 6573 ...22.1 Boot tes\n-000489d0: 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ts.=============\n-000489e0: 3d3d 0a0a 4173 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 ==..As you have \n-000489f0: 7365 656e 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 seen in previous\n-00048a00: 2063 6861 7074 6572 2074 6865 2073 7570 chapter the sup\n-00048a10: 706f 7274 206d 6174 7269 7820 6973 2070 port matrix is p\n-00048a20: 7265 7474 7920 6269 670a 616e 6420 736f retty big.and so\n-00048a30: 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 me of the config\n-00048a40: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206f 6e6c urations are onl\n-00048a50: 7920 7261 7265 6c79 2075 7365 642e 2020 y rarely used. \n-00048a60: 546f 2065 6e73 7572 6520 7468 650a 7175 To ensure the.qu\n-00048a70: 616c 6974 7920 626f 6f74 6368 6563 6b73 ality bootchecks\n-00048a80: 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 are available f\n-00048a90: 6f72 2061 6c6c 2078 3836 2074 6172 6765 or all x86 targe\n-00048aa0: 7473 2065 7863 6570 7420 4546 490a 6368 ts except EFI.ch\n-00048ab0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2041 7070 6c65 ainloader, Apple\n-00048ac0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2058 4e55 2e20 loader and XNU. \n-00048ad0: 416c 6c20 7838 3620 706c 6174 666f 726d All x86 platform\n-00048ae0: 7320 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 636b s have bootcheck\n-00048af0: 0a66 6163 696c 6974 7920 6578 6365 7074 .facility except\n-00048b00: 2069 6565 6531 3237 352e 2020 4d75 6c74 ieee1275. Mult\n-00048b10: 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 iboot, multiboot\n-00048b20: 322c 2042 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 2, BIOS chainloa\n-00048b30: 6465 722c 0a6e 746c 6472 2061 6e64 2066 der,.ntldr and f\n-00048b40: 7265 6562 7364 2d62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 reebsd-bootloade\n-00048b50: 7220 626f 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 r boot targets a\n-00048b60: 7265 2074 6573 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 re tested only w\n-00048b70: 6974 6820 6120 6661 6b65 0a6b 6572 6e65 ith a fake.kerne\n-00048b80: 6c20 696d 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 l images. Only \n-00048b90: 4c69 6e75 7820 6973 2074 6573 7465 6420 Linux is tested \n-00048ba0: 616d 6f6e 6720 7468 6520 7061 796c 6f61 among the payloa\n-00048bb0: 6473 2075 7369 6e67 204c 696e 7578 0a70 ds using Linux.p\n-00048bc0: 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f rotocols... Fo\n-00048bd0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 llowing variable\n-00048be0: 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6465 6669 6e65 s must be define\n-00048bf0: 643a 0a0a 4752 5542 5f50 4159 4c4f 4144 d:..GRUB_PAYLOAD\n-00048c00: 535f 4449 5220 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 S_DIR direc\n-00048c10: 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 tory containing \n-00048c20: 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 206b 6572 the required ker\n-00048c30: 6e65 6c73 0a47 5255 425f 4342 4653 544f nels.GRUB_CBFSTO\n-00048c40: 4f4c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6362 6673 OL cbfs\n-00048c50: 746f 6f6c 2066 726f 6d20 436f 7265 626f tool from Corebo\n-00048c60: 6f74 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2028 666f 7220 ot package (for \n-00048c70: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 coreboot. \n+00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n+00048850: 0a20 2031 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 2042 . 1. Requires B\n+00048860: 494f 530a 2020 322e 2045 4649 206f 6e6c IOS. 2. EFI onl\n+00048870: 790a 2020 332e 2033 322d 6269 7420 616e y. 3. 32-bit an\n+00048880: 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2068 6176 d 64-bit EFI hav\n+00048890: 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7374 7275 e different stru\n+000488a0: 6374 7572 6573 2061 6e64 2077 6f72 6b20 ctures and work \n+000488b0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 656e in. differen\n+000488c0: 7420 4350 5520 6d6f 6465 7320 736f 2069 t CPU modes so i\n+000488d0: 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 t's not possible\n+000488e0: 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6420 3332 to chainload 32\n+000488f0: 2d62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 6c6f -bit. bootlo\n+00048900: 6164 6572 206f 6e20 3634 2d62 6974 2070 ader on 64-bit p\n+00048910: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 616e 6420 7669 6365 latform and vice\n+00048920: 2d76 6572 7361 0a20 2034 2e20 536f 6d65 -versa. 4. 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To ensure th\n+00048a70: 650a 7175 616c 6974 7920 626f 6f74 6368 e.quality bootch\n+00048a80: 6563 6b73 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 ecks are availab\n+00048a90: 6c65 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2078 3836 2074 le for all x86 t\n+00048aa0: 6172 6765 7473 2065 7863 6570 7420 4546 argets except EF\n+00048ab0: 490a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2041 I.chainloader, A\n+00048ac0: 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2058 ppleloader and X\n+00048ad0: 4e55 2e20 416c 6c20 7838 3620 706c 6174 NU. 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O\n+00048b90: 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 7820 6973 2074 6573 nly Linux is tes\n+00048ba0: 7465 6420 616d 6f6e 6720 7468 6520 7061 ted among the pa\n+00048bb0: 796c 6f61 6473 2075 7369 6e67 204c 696e yloads using Lin\n+00048bc0: 7578 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2e0a 0a20 ux.protocols... \n+00048bd0: 2020 466f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 Following vari\n+00048be0: 6162 6c65 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6465 ables must be de\n+00048bf0: 6669 6e65 643a 0a0a 4752 5542 5f50 4159 fined:..GRUB_PAY\n+00048c00: 4c4f 4144 535f 4449 5220 2020 2020 2064 LOADS_DIR d\n+00048c10: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e irectory contain\n+00048c20: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 ing the required\n+00048c30: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 0a47 5255 425f 4342 kernels.GRUB_CB\n+00048c40: 4653 544f 4f4c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 FSTOOL \n+00048c50: 6362 6673 746f 6f6c 2066 726f 6d20 436f cbfstool from Co\n+00048c60: 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2028 reboot package (\n+00048c70: 666f 7220 636f 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 for coreboot. \n 00048c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048c90: 706c 6174 666f 726d 206f 6e6c 7929 0a47 platform only).G\n-00048ca0: 5255 425f 434f 5245 424f 4f54 5f52 4f4d RUB_COREBOOT_ROM\n-00048cb0: 2020 2020 2020 656d 7074 7920 436f 7265 empty Core\n-00048cc0: 626f 6f74 2052 4f4d 0a47 5255 425f 5145 boot ROM.GRUB_QE\n-00048cd0: 4d55 5f4f 5054 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 MU_OPTS \n-00048ce0: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 7074 696f additional optio\n-00048cf0: 6e73 2074 6f20 6265 2073 7570 706c 6965 ns to be supplie\n-00048d00: 6420 746f 2051 454d 550a 0a20 2020 5265 d to QEMU.. 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365f 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 d.x86_64 \n-00048f00: 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d same from\n-00048f10: 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 64-bit kOpenBSD\n-00048f20: 0a6c 696e 7578 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 .linux.i386 \n-00048f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 3\n-00048f40: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 6c69 6e75 2-bit Linux.linu\n-00048f50: 782e 7838 365f 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 x.x86_64 \n-00048f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3634 2d62 6974 64-bit\n-00048f70: 204c 696e 7578 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 Linux....File: \n-00048f80: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00048f90: 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e : Troubleshootin\n-00048fa0: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 g, Next: User-s\n-00048fb0: 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 pace utilities, \n-00048fc0: 2050 7265 763a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 Prev: Supported\n-00048fd0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 kernels, Up: T\n-00048fe0: 6f70 0a0a 3233 2045 7272 6f72 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\n+00048f40: 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 32-bit Linux.\n+00048f50: 6c69 6e75 782e 7838 365f 3634 2020 2020 linux.x86_64 \n+00048f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3634 64\n+00048f70: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a0a 1f0a 4669 -bit Linux....Fi\n+00048f80: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00048f90: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Node: Troublesho\n+00048fa0: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 oting, Next: Us\n+00048fb0: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n+00048fc0: 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 7570 706f es, Prev: Suppo\n+00048fd0: 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 2055 rted kernels, U\n+00048fe0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3233 2045 7272 6f72 p: Top..23 Error\n+00048ff0: 206d 6573 7361 6765 7320 7072 6f64 7563 messages produc\n+00049000: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a ed by GRUB.*****\n 00049010: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00049020: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e *********..* Men\n-00049030: 753a 0a0a 2a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 u:..* GRUB only \n-00049040: 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 offers a rescue \n-00049050: 7368 656c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4669 726d 7761 shell::.* Firmwa\n-00049060: 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 re stalls instea\n-00049070: 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 d of booting GRU\n-00049080: 423a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 B::....File: gru\n-00049090: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 b.info, Node: G\n-000490a0: 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 RUB only offers \n-000490b0: 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 a rescue shell, \n-000490c0: 204e 6578 743a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 Next: Firmware \n-000490d0: 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f stalls instead o\n-000490e0: 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 f booting GRUB, \n-000490f0: 2055 703a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f Up: Troubleshoo\n-00049100: 7469 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e31 2047 5255 4220 ting..23.1 GRUB \n-00049110: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 only offers a re\n-00049120: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d scue shell.=====\n+00049020: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a *************..*\n+00049030: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4752 5542 206f Menu:..* GRUB o\n+00049040: 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 nly offers a res\n+00049050: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4669 cue shell::.* Fi\n+00049060: 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e rmware stalls in\n+00049070: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 stead of booting\n+00049080: 2047 5255 423a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a GRUB::....File:\n+00049090: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000490a0: 653a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 e: GRUB only off\n+000490b0: 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 ers a rescue she\n+000490c0: 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 6972 6d77 ll, Next: Firmw\n+000490d0: 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 are stalls inste\n+000490e0: 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 ad of booting GR\n+000490f0: 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 UB, Up: Trouble\n+00049100: 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e31 2047 shooting..23.1 G\n+00049110: 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 RUB only offers \n+00049120: 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 0a3d a rescue shell.=\n 00049130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00049140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00049150: 0a47 5255 4227 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 2073 .GRUB's normal s\n-00049160: 7461 7274 2d75 7020 7072 6f63 6564 7572 tart-up procedur\n-00049170: 6520 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2073 6574 7469 e involves setti\n-00049180: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 ng the ...prefix\n-00049190: e280 990a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ....environment \n-000491a0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6120 7661 variable to a va\n-000491b0: 6c75 6520 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 2063 lue set in the c\n-000491c0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6279 20e2 8098 ore image by ...\n-000491d0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 992c grub-install...,\n-000491e0: 0a73 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 .setting the ...\n-000491f0: 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 root... variable\n-00049200: 2074 6f20 6d61 7463 682c 206c 6f61 6469 to match, loadi\n-00049210: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c ng the ...normal\n-00049220: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 726f 6d0a ... module from.\n-00049230: 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 2c20 616e 6420 the prefix, and \n-00049240: 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 986e running the ...n\n-00049250: 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ormal... command\n-00049260: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a (*note normal::\n-00049270: 292e 2020 5468 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ). This.command\n-00049280: 2069 7320 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 is responsible \n-00049290: 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 e280 982f for reading .../\n-000492a0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n-000492b0: 6667 e280 992c 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 fg..., running t\n-000492c0: 6865 0a6d 656e 752c 2061 6e64 2064 6f69 he.menu, and doi\n-000492d0: 6e67 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2075 7365 6675 ng all the usefu\n-000492e0: 6c20 7468 696e 6773 2047 5255 4220 6973 l things GRUB is\n-000492f0: 2073 7570 706f 7365 6420 746f 2064 6f2e supposed to do.\n-00049300: 0a0a 2020 2049 662c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 .. If, instead\n-00049310: 2c20 796f 7520 6f6e 6c79 2067 6574 2061 , you only get a\n-00049320: 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2074 rescue shell, t\n-00049330: 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d65 616e his usually mean\n-00049340: 7320 7468 6174 0a47 5255 4220 6661 696c s that.GRUB fail\n-00049350: 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 ed to load the .\n-00049360: 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 ..normal... modu\n-00049370: 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 le for some reas\n-00049380: 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 6265 0a70 on. It may be.p\n-00049390: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2077 6f72 6b20 ossible to work \n-000493a0: 6172 6f75 6e64 2074 6869 7320 7465 6d70 around this temp\n-000493b0: 6f72 6172 696c 793a 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 orarily: for ins\n-000493c0: 7461 6e63 652c 2069 6620 7468 6520 7265 tance, if the re\n-000493d0: 6173 6f6e 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2066 6169 ason.for the fai\n-000493e0: 6c75 7265 2069 7320 7468 6174 20e2 8098 lure is that ...\n-000493f0: 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6973 2077 726f prefix... is wro\n-00049400: 6e67 2028 7065 7268 6170 7320 6974 2072 ng (perhaps it r\n-00049410: 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 0a77 726f efers to the.wro\n-00049420: 6e67 2064 6576 6963 652c 206f 7220 7065 ng device, or pe\n-00049430: 7268 6170 7320 7468 6520 7061 7468 2074 rhaps the path t\n-00049440: 6f20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 o .../boot/grub.\n-00049450: 8099 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 .. was not corre\n-00049460: 6374 6c79 206d 6164 650a 7265 6c61 7469 ctly made.relati\n-00049470: 7665 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 ve to the device\n-00049480: 292c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ), then you can \n-00049490: 636f 7272 6563 7420 7468 6973 2061 6e64 correct this and\n-000494a0: 2065 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f enter normal mo\n-000494b0: 6465 0a6d 616e 7561 6c6c 793a 0a0a 2020 de.manually:.. \n-000494c0: 2020 2023 2049 6e73 7065 6374 2074 6865 # Inspect the\n-000494d0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 7265 6669 7820 current prefix \n-000494e0: 2861 6e64 206f 7468 6572 2070 7265 7365 (and other prese\n-000494f0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7329 3a0a 2020 t variables):. \n-00049500: 2020 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4669 set. # Fi\n-00049510: 6e64 206f 7574 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 nd out which dev\n-00049520: 6963 6573 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 ices are availab\n-00049530: 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 206c 730a 2020 2020 le:. ls. \n-00049540: 2023 2053 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f # Set to the co\n-00049550: 7272 6563 7420 7661 6c75 652c 2077 6869 rrect value, whi\n-00049560: 6368 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 736f 6d65 ch might be some\n-00049570: 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a thing like this:\n-00049580: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 . set prefix\n-00049590: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 2f67 7275 620a 2020 =(hd0,1)/grub. \n-000495a0: 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 set root=(hd0\n-000495b0: 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 ,1). insmod \n-000495c0: 6e6f 726d 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 726d normal. norm\n-000495d0: 616c 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 al.. However, \n-000495e0: 616e 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 7468 6174 any problem that\n-000495f0: 206c 6561 7665 7320 796f 7520 696e 2074 leaves you in t\n-00049600: 6865 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 he rescue shell \n-00049610: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 probably.means t\n-00049620: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 6173 206e 6f74 hat GRUB was not\n-00049630: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 correctly insta\n-00049640: 6c6c 6564 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 6265 lled. It may be\n-00049650: 206d 6f72 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f0a more useful to.\n-00049660: 7472 7920 746f 2072 6569 6e73 7461 6c6c try to reinstall\n-00049670: 2069 7420 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2075 7369 it properly usi\n-00049680: 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 ng ...grub-insta\n-00049690: 6c6c 2044 4556 4943 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e ll DEVICE... (*n\n-000496a0: 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 ote Invoking.gru\n-000496b0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2057 b-install::). W\n-000496c0: 6865 6e20 646f 696e 6720 7468 6973 2c20 hen doing this, \n-000496d0: 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 there are a few \n-000496e0: 7468 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 things to rememb\n-000496f0: 6572 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4472 6976 er:.. ... Driv\n-00049700: 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2069 6e20 796f e ordering in yo\n-00049710: 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ur operating sys\n-00049720: 7465 6d20 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2074 tem may not be t\n-00049730: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 0a20 he same as the. \n-00049740: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2064 7269 7665 206f boot drive o\n-00049750: 7264 6572 696e 6720 7573 6564 2062 7920 rdering used by \n-00049760: 796f 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 your firmware. \n-00049770: 446f 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 Do not assume th\n-00049780: 6174 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2066 6972 at your. fir\n-00049790: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6472 6976 6520 2865 st hard drive (e\n-000497a0: 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 .g. .../dev/sda\n-000497b0: e280 9929 2069 7320 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 ...) is the one \n-000497c0: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 that your firmwa\n-000497d0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f re. will boo\n-000497e0: 7420 6672 6f6d 2e20 20e2 8098 6465 7669 t from. ...devi\n-000497f0: 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 ce.map... (*note\n-00049800: 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2063 Device map::) c\n-00049810: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 an be used to. \n-00049820: 2020 206f 7665 7272 6964 6520 7468 6973 override this\n-00049830: 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2069 7320 7573 7561 , but it is usua\n-00049840: 6c6c 7920 6265 7474 6572 2074 6f20 7573 lly better to us\n-00049850: 6520 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 e UUIDs or file \n-00049860: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 6265 system. labe\n-00049870: 6c73 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 2064 6570 ls and avoid dep\n-00049880: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6472 6976 6520 ending on drive \n-00049890: 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 656c ordering entirel\n-000498a0: 792e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7420 6c65 y... ... At le\n-000498b0: 6173 7420 6f6e 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 ast on BIOS syst\n-000498c0: 656d 732c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7465 6c6c ems, if you tell\n-000498d0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-000498e0: e280 9920 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a20 ... to install. \n-000498f0: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6120 7061 GRUB to a pa\n-00049900: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6275 7420 4752 5542 rtition but GRUB\n-00049910: 2068 6173 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2062 6565 has already bee\n-00049920: 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 696e 2074 n installed in t\n-00049930: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7374 6572 2062 he. master b\n-00049940: 6f6f 7420 7265 636f 7264 2c20 7468 656e oot record, then\n-00049950: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616c the GRUB instal\n-00049960: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7061 lation in the pa\n-00049970: 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 696c rtition. wil\n-00049980: 6c20 6265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 l be ignored... \n-00049990: 2020 e280 a220 4966 2070 6f73 7369 626c ... If possibl\n-000499a0: 652c 2069 7420 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c e, it is general\n-000499b0: 6c79 2062 6573 7420 746f 2061 766f 6964 ly best to avoid\n-000499c0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 installing GRUB\n-000499d0: 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 to a. parti\n-000499e0: 7469 6f6e 2028 756e 6c65 7373 2069 7420 tion (unless it \n-000499f0: 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2070 6172 is a special par\n-00049a00: 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2075 tition for the u\n-00049a10: 7365 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 se of GRUB. \n-00049a20: 616c 6f6e 652c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 alone, such as t\n-00049a30: 6865 2042 494f 5320 426f 6f74 2050 6172 he BIOS Boot Par\n-00049a40: 7469 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2047 tition used on G\n-00049a50: 5054 292e 2044 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 730a PT). Doing this.\n-00049a60: 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 means that \n-00049a70: 4752 5542 206d 6179 2073 746f 7020 6265 GRUB may stop be\n-00049a80: 696e 6720 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 ing able to read\n-00049a90: 2069 7473 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 its core image \n-00049aa0: 6475 6520 746f 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6669 due to a. fi\n-00049ab0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 7669 6e67 le system moving\n-00049ac0: 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2c20 blocks around, \n-00049ad0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 7768 696c 6520 6465 such as while de\n-00049ae0: 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 696e 672c 0a20 2020 fragmenting,. \n-00049af0: 2020 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 6368 6563 6b73 running checks\n-00049b00: 2c20 6f72 2065 7665 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 , or even during\n-00049b10: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f normal operatio\n-00049b20: 6e2e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 n. Installing t\n-00049b30: 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2077 686f 6c65 o the. whole\n-00049b40: 2064 6973 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 disk device is \n-00049b50: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 726f normally more ro\n-00049b60: 6275 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4368 bust... ... Ch\n-00049b70: 6563 6b20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6163 eck that GRUB ac\n-00049b80: 7475 616c 6c79 206b 6e6f 7773 2068 6f77 tually knows how\n-00049b90: 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 to read from th\n-00049ba0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2066 696c e device and fil\n-00049bb0: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 636f e. system co\n-00049bc0: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f ntaining .../boo\n-00049bd0: 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 2020 4974 2077 t/grub.... It w\n-00049be0: 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 626c 6520 ill not be able \n-00049bf0: 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 to read from. \n-00049c00: 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 encrypted devi\n-00049c10: 6365 7320 7769 7468 2075 6e73 7570 706f ces with unsuppo\n-00049c20: 7274 6564 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 rted encryption \n-00049c30: 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 6e6f 7220 6672 6f6d scheme, nor from\n-00049c40: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 file. syste\n-00049c50: 6d73 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2073 7570 ms for which sup\n-00049c60: 706f 7274 2068 6173 206e 6f74 2079 6574 port has not yet\n-00049c70: 2062 6565 6e20 6164 6465 6420 746f 2047 been added to G\n-00049c80: 5255 422e 0a0a RUB...\n+00049140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00049150: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 7320 6e6f 726d ===..GRUB's norm\n+00049160: 616c 2073 7461 7274 2d75 7020 7072 6f63 al start-up proc\n+00049170: 6564 7572 6520 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2073 edure involves s\n+00049180: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7072 etting the ...pr\n+00049190: 6566 6978 e280 990a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d efix....environm\n+000491a0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 ent variable to \n+000491b0: 6120 7661 6c75 6520 7365 7420 696e 2074 a value set in t\n+000491c0: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6279 he core image by\n+000491d0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+000491e0: e280 992c 0a73 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 ...,.setting the\n+000491f0: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 ...root... vari\n+00049200: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6d61 7463 682c 206c able to match, l\n+00049210: 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f oading the ...no\n+00049220: 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 rmal... module f\n+00049230: 726f 6d0a 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 2c20 rom.the prefix, \n+00049240: 616e 6420 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 and running the \n+00049250: e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d ...normal... com\n+00049260: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d mand (*note norm\n+00049270: 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 0a63 6f6d al::). This.com\n+00049280: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 mand is responsi\n+00049290: 626c 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 ble for reading \n+000492a0: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 .../boot/grub/gr\n+000492b0: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2072 756e 6e69 ub.cfg..., runni\n+000492c0: 6e67 2074 6865 0a6d 656e 752c 2061 6e64 ng the.menu, and\n+000492d0: 2064 6f69 6e67 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2075 doing all the u\n+000492e0: 7365 6675 6c20 7468 696e 6773 2047 5255 seful things GRU\n+000492f0: 4220 6973 2073 7570 706f 7365 6420 746f B is supposed to\n+00049300: 2064 6f2e 0a0a 2020 2049 662c 2069 6e73 do... If, ins\n+00049310: 7465 6164 2c20 796f 7520 6f6e 6c79 2067 tead, you only g\n+00049320: 6574 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c et a rescue shel\n+00049330: 6c2c 2074 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 l, this usually \n+00049340: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a47 5255 4220 means that.GRUB \n+00049350: 6661 696c 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 failed to load t\n+00049360: 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 he ...normal... \n+00049370: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6f6d 6520 module for some \n+00049380: 7265 6173 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 reason. It may \n+00049390: 6265 0a70 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2077 be.possible to w\n+000493a0: 6f72 6b20 6172 6f75 6e64 2074 6869 7320 ork around this \n+000493b0: 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 696c 793a 2066 6f72 temporarily: for\n+000493c0: 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2069 6620 7468 instance, if th\n+000493d0: 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 e reason.for the\n+000493e0: 2066 6169 6c75 7265 2069 7320 7468 6174 failure is that\n+000493f0: 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6973 ...prefix... is\n+00049400: 2077 726f 6e67 2028 7065 7268 6170 7320 wrong (perhaps \n+00049410: 6974 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 it refers to the\n+00049420: 0a77 726f 6e67 2064 6576 6963 652c 206f .wrong device, o\n+00049430: 7220 7065 7268 6170 7320 7468 6520 7061 r perhaps the pa\n+00049440: 7468 2074 6f20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 th to .../boot/g\n+00049450: 7275 62e2 8099 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2063 rub... was not c\n+00049460: 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 206d 6164 650a 7265 orrectly made.re\n+00049470: 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 lative to the de\n+00049480: 7669 6365 292c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 vice), then you \n+00049490: 6361 6e20 636f 7272 6563 7420 7468 6973 can correct this\n+000494a0: 2061 6e64 2065 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 6d61 and enter norma\n+000494b0: 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a6d 616e 7561 6c6c 793a l mode.manually:\n+000494c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2049 6e73 7065 6374 .. # Inspect\n+000494d0: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 7265 the current pre\n+000494e0: 6669 7820 2861 6e64 206f 7468 6572 2070 fix (and other p\n+000494f0: 7265 7365 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7329 reset variables)\n+00049500: 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 :. set. \n+00049510: 2320 4669 6e64 206f 7574 2077 6869 6368 # Find out which\n+00049520: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2061 7265 2061 7661 devices are ava\n+00049530: 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 206c 730a ilable:. ls.\n+00049540: 2020 2020 2023 2053 6574 2074 6f20 7468 # Set to th\n+00049550: 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 7661 6c75 652c e correct value,\n+00049560: 2077 6869 6368 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 which might be \n+00049570: 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 2074 something like t\n+00049580: 6869 733a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 his:. set pr\n+00049590: 6566 6978 3d28 6864 302c 3129 2f67 7275 efix=(hd0,1)/gru\n+000495a0: 620a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d b. set root=\n+000495b0: 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 (hd0,1). ins\n+000495c0: 6d6f 6420 6e6f 726d 616c 0a20 2020 2020 mod normal. \n+000495d0: 6e6f 726d 616c 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 normal.. Howev\n+000495e0: 6572 2c20 616e 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 er, any problem \n+000495f0: 7468 6174 206c 6561 7665 7320 796f 7520 that leaves you \n+00049600: 696e 2074 6865 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 in the rescue sh\n+00049610: 656c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a6d 6561 ell probably.mea\n+00049620: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 6173 ns that GRUB was\n+00049630: 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 not correctly i\n+00049640: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 nstalled. It ma\n+00049650: 7920 6265 206d 6f72 6520 7573 6566 756c y be more useful\n+00049660: 2074 6f0a 7472 7920 746f 2072 6569 6e73 to.try to reins\n+00049670: 7461 6c6c 2069 7420 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 tall it properly\n+00049680: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 using ...grub-i\n+00049690: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2044 4556 4943 45e2 8099 nstall DEVICE...\n+000496a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 (*note Invoking\n+000496b0: 0a67 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 .grub-install::)\n+000496c0: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 646f 696e 6720 7468 . When doing th\n+000496d0: 6973 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 is, there are a \n+000496e0: 6665 7720 7468 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7265 few things to re\n+000496f0: 6d65 6d62 6572 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 member:.. ... \n+00049700: 4472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2069 Drive ordering i\n+00049710: 6e20 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 n your operating\n+00049720: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 system may not \n+00049730: 6265 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 be the same as t\n+00049740: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2064 7269 he. boot dri\n+00049750: 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 7573 6564 ve ordering used\n+00049760: 2062 7920 796f 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 by your firmwar\n+00049770: 652e 2020 446f 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d e. Do not assum\n+00049780: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 e that your. \n+00049790: 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6472 6976 first hard driv\n+000497a0: 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 e (e.g. .../dev\n+000497b0: 2f73 6461 e280 9929 2069 7320 7468 6520 /sda...) is the \n+000497c0: 6f6e 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 6669 one that your fi\n+000497d0: 726d 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c rmware. will\n+000497e0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2e20 20e2 8098 boot from. ...\n+000497f0: 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 282a device.map... (*\n+00049800: 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 703a note Device map:\n+00049810: 3a29 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 :) can be used t\n+00049820: 6f0a 2020 2020 206f 7665 7272 6964 6520 o. override \n+00049830: 7468 6973 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2069 7320 this, but it is \n+00049840: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 7474 6572 2074 usually better t\n+00049850: 6f20 7573 6520 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 o use UUIDs or f\n+00049860: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 ile system. \n+00049870: 6c61 6265 6c73 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 labels and avoid\n+00049880: 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6472 depending on dr\n+00049890: 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2065 6e74 ive ordering ent\n+000498a0: 6972 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 irely... ... A\n+000498b0: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 6f6e 2042 494f 5320 t least on BIOS \n+000498c0: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 6620 796f 7520 systems, if you \n+000498d0: 7465 6c6c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 tell ...grub-ins\n+000498e0: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 746f 2069 6e73 7461 tall... to insta\n+000498f0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2074 6f20 ll. GRUB to \n+00049900: 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6275 7420 a partition but \n+00049910: 4752 5542 2068 6173 2061 6c72 6561 6479 GRUB has already\n+00049920: 2062 6565 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 been installed \n+00049930: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7374 in the. mast\n+00049940: 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 7265 636f 7264 2c20 er boot record, \n+00049950: 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e then the GRUB in\n+00049960: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 stallation in th\n+00049970: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 e partition. \n+00049980: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 will be ignored\n+00049990: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4966 2070 6f73 ... ... If pos\n+000499a0: 7369 626c 652c 2069 7420 6973 2067 656e sible, it is gen\n+000499b0: 6572 616c 6c79 2062 6573 7420 746f 2061 erally best to a\n+000499c0: 766f 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 void installing \n+000499d0: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2070 GRUB to a. p\n+000499e0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 756e 6c65 7373 artition (unless\n+000499f0: 2069 7420 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c it is a special\n+00049a00: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 partition for t\n+00049a10: 6865 2075 7365 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a20 he use of GRUB. \n+00049a20: 2020 2020 616c 6f6e 652c 2073 7563 6820 alone, such \n+00049a30: 6173 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 426f 6f74 as the BIOS Boot\n+00049a40: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 Partition used \n+00049a50: 6f6e 2047 5054 292e 2044 6f69 6e67 2074 on GPT). Doing t\n+00049a60: 6869 730a 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 his. means t\n+00049a70: 6861 7420 4752 5542 206d 6179 2073 746f hat GRUB may sto\n+00049a80: 7020 6265 696e 6720 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 p being able to \n+00049a90: 7265 6164 2069 7473 2063 6f72 6520 696d read its core im\n+00049aa0: 6167 6520 6475 6520 746f 2061 0a20 2020 age due to a. \n+00049ab0: 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f file system mo\n+00049ac0: 7669 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6f75 ving blocks arou\n+00049ad0: 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7768 696c nd, such as whil\n+00049ae0: 6520 6465 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 696e 672c e defragmenting,\n+00049af0: 0a20 2020 2020 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 6368 . running ch\n+00049b00: 6563 6b73 2c20 6f72 2065 7665 6e20 6475 ecks, or even du\n+00049b10: 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 ring normal oper\n+00049b20: 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 ation. Installi\n+00049b30: 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2077 ng to the. w\n+00049b40: 686f 6c65 2064 6973 6b20 6465 7669 6365 hole disk device\n+00049b50: 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 is normally mor\n+00049b60: 6520 726f 6275 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 e robust... ..\n+00049b70: a220 4368 6563 6b20 7468 6174 2047 5255 . Check that GRU\n+00049b80: 4220 6163 7475 616c 6c79 206b 6e6f 7773 B actually knows\n+00049b90: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 726f how to read fro\n+00049ba0: 6d20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 m the device and\n+00049bb0: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 file. syste\n+00049bc0: 6d20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 m containing ...\n+00049bd0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 2020 /boot/grub.... \n+00049be0: 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 It will not be a\n+00049bf0: 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d ble to read from\n+00049c00: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 . encrypted \n+00049c10: 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 7468 2075 6e73 devices with uns\n+00049c20: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2065 6e63 7279 7074 upported encrypt\n+00049c30: 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 6e6f 7220 ion scheme, nor \n+00049c40: 6672 6f6d 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2073 from file. s\n+00049c50: 7973 7465 6d73 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 ystems for which\n+00049c60: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2068 6173 206e 6f74 support has not\n+00049c70: 2079 6574 2062 6565 6e20 6164 6465 6420 yet been added \n+00049c80: 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a to GRUB...\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-2", "source2": "grub.info-2", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3174 +1,3174 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.1 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3330 204d 6179 2032 3032 3529 2e0a 0a20 30 May 2025)... \n-00000080: 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 0a31 Copyright ...1\n-00000090: 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c 3230 999,2000,2001,20\n-000000a0: 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 3030 02,2004,2006,200\n-000000b0: 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 3131 8,2009,2010,2011\n-000000c0: 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 650a ,2012,2013 Free.\n-000000d0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 Software Foundat\n-000000e0: 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ion, Inc... \n-000000f0: 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6772 Permission is gr\n-00000100: 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c 2064 anted to copy, d\n-00000110: 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f 6f72 istribute and/or\n-00000120: 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 2020 modify this. \n-00000130: 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 6572 document under\n-00000140: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 the terms of th\n-00000150: 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d e GNU Free Docum\n-00000160: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n-00000170: 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 ,. Version 1\n-00000180: 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 .2 or any later \n-00000190: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 6865 version publishe\n-000001a0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 536f d by the Free So\n-000001b0: 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f 756e ftware. Foun\n-000001c0: 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 dation; with no \n-000001d0: 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f Invariant Sectio\n-000001e0: 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d53 4543 ns..INFO-DIR-SEC\n-000001f0: 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a 5354 4152 TION Kernel.STAR\n-00000200: 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 T-INFO-DIR-ENTRY\n-00000210: 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 7562 292e .* GRUB: (grub).\n-00000220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000230: 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 6669 The GRand Unifi\n-00000240: 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 720a 2a20 ed Bootloader.* \n-00000250: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a20 2867 grub-install: (g\n-00000260: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-00000270: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 2020 496e b-install. In\n-00000280: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f stall GRUB on yo\n-00000290: 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 7275 622d ur drive.* grub-\n-000002a0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 7275 6229 mkconfig: (grub)\n-000002b0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000002c0: 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e 6572 6174 config. Generat\n-000002d0: 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 e GRUB configura\n-000002e0: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 tion.* grub-mkpa\n-000002f0: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 2028 6772 sswd-pbkdf2: (gr\n-00000300: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000310: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-00000320: 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ..* grub-mkrelpa\n-00000330: 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 th: (grub)Invoki\n-00000340: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n-00000350: 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 h..* grub-mkresc\n-00000360: 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 ue: (grub)Invoki\n-00000370: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ng grub-mkrescue\n-00000380: 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 . Make a GRUB r\n-00000390: 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 6772 escue image.* gr\n-000003a0: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 7275 6229 ub-mount: (grub)\n-000003b0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f Invoking grub-mo\n-000003c0: 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e unt. Moun\n-000003d0: 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 t a file system \n-000003e0: 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2067 7275 using GRUB.* gru\n-000003f0: 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 b-probe: (grub)I\n-00000400: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f nvoking grub-pro\n-00000410: 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 be. Probe\n-00000420: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 device informat\n-00000430: 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 ion.* grub-scrip\n-00000440: 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 7562 2949 t-check: (grub)I\n-00000450: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 nvoking grub-scr\n-00000460: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 4e44 2d49 ipt-check..END-I\n-00000470: 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 590a 0a1f NFO-DIR-ENTRY...\n-00000480: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00000490: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 , Node: Firmwar\n-000004a0: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n-000004b0: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n-000004c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e , Prev: GRUB on\n-000004d0: 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 ly offers a resc\n-000004e0: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ue shell, Up: T\n-000004f0: 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a roubleshooting..\n-00000500: 3233 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 23.2 Firmware st\n-00000510: 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 alls instead of \n-00000520: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d booting GRUB.===\n+00000070: 3237 2041 7072 696c 2032 3032 3429 2e0a 27 April 2024)..\n+00000080: 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 . Copyright ..\n+00000090: 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c .1999,2000,2001,\n+000000a0: 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 2002,2004,2006,2\n+000000b0: 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 008,2009,2010,20\n+000000c0: 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 11,2012,2013 Fre\n+000000d0: 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 e.Software Found\n+000000e0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 ation, Inc... \n+000000f0: 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 Permission is \n+00000100: 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c granted to copy,\n+00000110: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f distribute and/\n+00000120: 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 or modify this. \n+00000130: 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 document und\n+00000140: 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 er the terms of \n+00000150: 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 the GNU Free Doc\n+00000160: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+00000170: 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e se,. Version\n+00000180: 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 1.2 or any late\n+00000190: 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 r version publis\n+000001a0: 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 hed by the Free \n+000001b0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f Software. Fo\n+000001c0: 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e undation; with n\n+000001d0: 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 o Invariant Sect\n+000001e0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d53 ions..INFO-DIR-S\n+000001f0: 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a 5354 ECTION Kernel.ST\n+00000200: 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 ART-INFO-DIR-ENT\n+00000210: 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 7562 RY.* GRUB: (grub\n+00000220: 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ). \n+00000230: 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 The GRand Uni\n+00000240: 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 720a fied Bootloader.\n+00000250: 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a20 * grub-install: \n+00000260: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n+00000270: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 2020 rub-install. \n+00000280: 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 Install GRUB on \n+00000290: 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 7275 your drive.* gru\n+000002a0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 7275 b-mkconfig: (gru\n+000002b0: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n+000002c0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e 6572 mkconfig. Gener\n+000002d0: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ate GRUB configu\n+000002e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b ration.* grub-mk\n+000002f0: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 2028 passwd-pbkdf2: (\n+00000300: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+00000310: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n+00000320: 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c f2..* grub-mkrel\n+00000330: 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f path: (grub)Invo\n+00000340: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n+00000350: 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 ath..* grub-mkre\n+00000360: 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f scue: (grub)Invo\n+00000370: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n+00000380: 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 ue. Make a GRUB\n+00000390: 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 rescue image.* \n+000003a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 7275 grub-mount: (gru\n+000003b0: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n+000003c0: 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f mount. Mo\n+000003d0: 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 unt a file syste\n+000003e0: 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2067 m using GRUB.* g\n+000003f0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 7562 rub-probe: (grub\n+00000400: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 )Invoking grub-p\n+00000410: 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f robe. Pro\n+00000420: 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d be device inform\n+00000430: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 6372 ation.* grub-scr\n+00000440: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 7562 ipt-check: (grub\n+00000450: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 )Invoking grub-s\n+00000460: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 4e44 cript-check..END\n+00000470: 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 590a -INFO-DIR-ENTRY.\n+00000480: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00000490: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 fo, Node: Firmw\n+000004a0: 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 are stalls inste\n+000004b0: 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 ad of booting GR\n+000004c0: 5542 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 5255 4220 UB, Prev: GRUB \n+000004d0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 only offers a re\n+000004e0: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a scue shell, Up:\n+000004f0: 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 Troubleshooting\n+00000500: 0a0a 3233 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 ..23.2 Firmware \n+00000510: 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f stalls instead o\n+00000520: 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a3d f booting GRUB.=\n 00000530: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00000540: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2045 =========..The E\n-00000560: 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f FI implementatio\n-00000570: 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6465 7220 n of some older \n-00000580: 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 6f70 7320 MacBook laptops \n-00000590: 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2067 stalls when it g\n-000005a0: 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e 7465 6420 6120 ets.presented a \n-000005b0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 4953 grub-mkrescue IS\n-000005c0: 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 7838 365f O image for x86_\n-000005d0: 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f6e 64-efi target on\n-000005e0: 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 6963 6b2e 2020 an USB.stick. \n-000005f0: 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 7265 206d 6f64 Affected are mod\n-00000600: 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 7220 3230 3130 els of year 2010\n-00000610: 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 722e 2020 576f or earlier. Wo\n-00000620: 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 746f 0a7a rkaround is to.z\n-00000630: 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 eroize the bytes\n-00000640: 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 3120 6f66 2074 446 to 461 of t\n-00000650: 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e he EFI partition\n-00000660: 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 6d61 7420 , where mformat \n-00000670: 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 7061 7274 6974 has put.a partit\n-00000680: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 7920 ion table entry \n-00000690: 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 6d73 2070 6172 which claims par\n-000006a0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 2061 7420 tition start at \n-000006b0: 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 5468 6973 0a63 block 0. This.c\n-000006c0: 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2068 hange will not h\n-000006d0: 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 6162 696c 6974 amper bootabilit\n-000006e0: 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 206d 6163 6869 y on other machi\n-000006f0: 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 nes.....File: gr\n-00000700: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00000710: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n-00000720: 7469 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 6274 ties, Next: Obt\n-00000730: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n-00000740: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 7265 763a ing GRUB, Prev:\n-00000750: 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 Troubleshooting\n-00000760: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3234 2055 , Up: Top..24 U\n-00000770: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00000780: 6965 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ies.************\n-00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d ***********..* M\n-000007a0: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 enu:..* Invoking\n-000007b0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a20 grub-install:: \n-000007c0: 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2075 7365 How to use\n-000007d0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616c the GRUB instal\n-000007e0: 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 ler.* Invoking g\n-000007f0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 rub-mkconfig:: \n-00000800: 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 2047 Generate a G\n-00000810: 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f RUB configuratio\n-00000820: 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e n file.* Invokin\n-00000830: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n-00000840: 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 pbkdf2::. \n+00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00000560: 2045 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 EFI implementat\n+00000570: 696f 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6465 ion of some olde\n+00000580: 7220 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 6f70 r MacBook laptop\n+00000590: 7320 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 6974 s stalls when it\n+000005a0: 2067 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e 7465 6420 gets.presented \n+000005b0: 6120 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 a grub-mkrescue \n+000005c0: 4953 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 7838 ISO image for x8\n+000005d0: 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 6765 7420 6_64-efi target \n+000005e0: 6f6e 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 6963 6b2e on an USB.stick.\n+000005f0: 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 7265 206d Affected are m\n+00000600: 6f64 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 7220 3230 odels of year 20\n+00000610: 3130 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 722e 2020 10 or earlier. \n+00000620: 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 746f Workaround is to\n+00000630: 0a7a 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 2062 7974 .zeroize the byt\n+00000640: 6573 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 3120 6f66 es 446 to 461 of\n+00000650: 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 the EFI partiti\n+00000660: 6f6e 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 6d61 on, where mforma\n+00000670: 7420 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 7061 7274 t has put.a part\n+00000680: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 ition table entr\n+00000690: 7920 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 6d73 2070 y which claims p\n+000006a0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 2061 artition start a\n+000006b0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 5468 6973 t block 0. This\n+000006c0: 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 .change will not\n+000006d0: 2068 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 6162 696c hamper bootabil\n+000006e0: 6974 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 206d 6163 ity on other mac\n+000006f0: 6869 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 hines.....File: \n+00000700: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00000710: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+00000720: 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f lities, Next: O\n+00000730: 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 btaining and Bui\n+00000740: 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 7265 lding GRUB, Pre\n+00000750: 763a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 v: Troubleshooti\n+00000760: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3234 ng, Up: Top..24\n+00000770: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n+00000780: 6974 6965 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ities.**********\n+00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a *************..*\n+000007a0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 Menu:..* Invoki\n+000007b0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a ng grub-install:\n+000007c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2075 : How to u\n+000007d0: 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 se the GRUB inst\n+000007e0: 616c 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 aller.* Invoking\n+000007f0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a grub-mkconfig::\n+00000800: 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 Generate a\n+00000810: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 GRUB configurat\n+00000820: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b ion file.* Invok\n+00000830: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n+00000840: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 d-pbkdf2::. \n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 6174 Generat\n-00000870: 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 e GRUB password \n-00000880: 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e hashes.* Invokin\n-00000890: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 g grub-mkrelpath\n-000008a0: 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7379 7374 :: Make syst\n-000008b0: 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 7469 7665 em path relative\n-000008c0: 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f 6f74 0a2a 2049 to its root.* I\n-000008d0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n-000008e0: 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 2020 204d 616b escue:: Mak\n-000008f0: 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 e a GRUB rescue \n-00000900: 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 image.* Invoking\n-00000910: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 2020 grub-mount:: \n-00000920: 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 Mount a fi\n-00000930: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 le system using \n-00000940: 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 GRUB.* Invoking \n-00000950: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 2020 grub-probe:: \n-00000960: 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 Probe devic\n-00000970: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f e information fo\n-00000980: 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e r GRUB.* Invokin\n-00000990: 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 g grub-script-ch\n-000009a0: 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 636b 2047 5255 eck:: Check GRU\n-000009b0: 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 696c 6520 666f B script file fo\n-000009c0: 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 6f72 730a r syntax errors.\n-000009d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000009e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n-000009f0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n-00000a00: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Next: Invokin\n-00000a10: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672c g grub-mkconfig,\n-00000a20: 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Up: User-space\n-00000a30: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e31 utilities..24.1\n-00000a40: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n-00000a50: 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nstall.=========\n+00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 Gener\n+00000870: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ate GRUB passwor\n+00000880: 6420 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b d hashes.* Invok\n+00000890: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n+000008a0: 7468 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7379 th:: Make sy\n+000008b0: 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 7469 stem path relati\n+000008c0: 7665 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f 6f74 0a2a ve to its root.*\n+000008d0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+000008e0: 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 2020 204d krescue:: M\n+000008f0: 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 ake a GRUB rescu\n+00000900: 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 e image.* Invoki\n+00000910: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 ng grub-mount:: \n+00000920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 Mount a \n+00000930: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7573 696e file system usin\n+00000940: 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e g GRUB.* Invokin\n+00000950: 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 g grub-probe:: \n+00000960: 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 2064 6576 Probe dev\n+00000970: 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ice information \n+00000980: 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b for GRUB.* Invok\n+00000990: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d ing grub-script-\n+000009a0: 6368 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 636b 2047 check:: Check G\n+000009b0: 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 696c 6520 RUB script file \n+000009c0: 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 6f72 for syntax error\n+000009d0: 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e s....File: grub.\n+000009e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 info, Node: Inv\n+000009f0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n+00000a00: 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b ll, Next: Invok\n+00000a10: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+00000a20: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 g, Up: User-spa\n+00000a30: 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 ce utilities..24\n+00000a40: 2e31 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 .1 Invoking grub\n+00000a50: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d -install.=======\n 00000a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000a70: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 =..The program .\n-00000a80: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n-00000a90: 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 4752 . generates a GR\n-00000aa0: 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7573 UB core image us\n-00000ab0: 696e 670a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d ing....grub-mkim\n-00000ac0: 6167 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 7461 age... and insta\n-00000ad0: 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 lls it on your s\n-00000ae0: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 7374 ystem. You must\n-00000af0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 0a64 6576 specify the.dev\n-00000b00: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 7768 6963 ice name on whic\n-00000b10: 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 696e h you want to in\n-00000b20: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6c69 6b65 stall GRUB, like\n-00000b30: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 this:.. gru\n-00000b40: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 494e 5354 414c b-install INSTAL\n-00000b50: 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 L_DEVICE.. The\n-00000b60: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2049 4e53 device name INS\n-00000b70: 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 TALL_DEVICE is a\n-00000b80: 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 n OS device name\n-00000b90: 206f 7220 6120 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 or a GRUB devic\n-00000ba0: 650a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 e.name... ...g\n-00000bb0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2061 rub-install... a\n-00000bc0: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n-00000bd0: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n-00000be0: 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..--help.... \n-00000bf0: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Print a summary\n-00000c00: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d of the command-\n-00000c10: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 line options and\n-00000c20: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 exit......--ver\n-00000c30: 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 sion.... Pri\n-00000c40: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n-00000c50: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n-00000c60: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f d exit......--bo\n-00000c70: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 ot-directory=DIR\n-00000c80: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c .... Install\n-00000c90: 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 GRUB images und\n-00000ca0: 6572 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 er the directory\n-00000cb0: 20e2 8098 4449 522f 6772 7562 2fe2 8099 ...DIR/grub/...\n-00000cc0: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a This option is.\n-00000cd0: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e useful when\n-00000ce0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2069 6e73 you want to ins\n-00000cf0: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2061 tall GRUB into a\n-00000d00: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 7061 7274 6974 separate partit\n-00000d10: 696f 6e20 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7265 ion or a. re\n-00000d20: 6d6f 7661 626c 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2049 movable disk. I\n-00000d30: 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 f this option is\n-00000d40: 206e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 not specified t\n-00000d50: 6865 6e20 6974 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a hen it defaults.\n-00000d60: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 to .../boot\n-00000d70: e280 992c 2073 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ..., so.. \n-00000d80: 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 grub-install \n-00000d90: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 /dev/sda.. i\n-00000da0: 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f0a s equivalent to.\n-00000db0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d . grub-\n-00000dc0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 install --boot-d\n-00000dd0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f20 irectory=/boot/ \n-00000de0: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 2020 2048 /dev/sda.. H\n-00000df0: 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c ere is an exampl\n-00000e00: 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2068 e in which you h\n-00000e10: 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 20e2 ave a separate .\n-00000e20: 809c 626f 6f74 e280 9d20 7061 7274 6974 ..boot... partit\n-00000e30: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 6368 2069 ion. which i\n-00000e40: 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6f6e 20e2 8098 s mounted on ...\n-00000e50: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 /mnt/boot...:.. \n-00000e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e grub-in\n-00000e70: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 stall --boot-dir\n-00000e80: 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 ectory=/mnt/boot\n-00000e90: 202f 6465 762f 7364 620a 0ae2 8098 2d2d /dev/sdb.....--\n-00000ea0: 7265 6368 6563 6be2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 recheck.... \n-00000eb0: 5265 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6520 6465 7669 Recheck the devi\n-00000ec0: 6365 206d 6170 2c20 6576 656e 2069 6620 ce map, even if \n-00000ed0: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6465 .../boot/grub/de\n-00000ee0: 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 616c 7265 vice.map... alre\n-00000ef0: 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 7869 7374 732e ady. exists.\n-00000f00: 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 You should use\n-00000f10: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 this option whe\n-00000f20: 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 6164 642f 7265 never you add/re\n-00000f30: 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 move a disk. \n-00000f40: 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d 2079 6f75 7220 into/from your \n-00000f50: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d computer......--\n-00000f60: 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 73e2 8099 0a20 no-rs-codes.... \n-00000f70: 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206f By default o\n-00000f80: 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 n x86 BIOS syste\n-00000f90: 6d73 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 ms, ...grub-inst\n-00000fa0: 616c 6ce2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 all... will use \n-00000fb0: 736f 6d65 2065 7874 7261 0a20 2020 2020 some extra. \n-00000fc0: 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f space in the boo\n-00000fd0: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 696e tloader embeddin\n-00000fe0: 6720 6172 6561 2066 6f72 2052 6565 642d g area for Reed-\n-00000ff0: 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 7272 Solomon. err\n-00001000: 6f72 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 696e 6720 636f or-correcting co\n-00001010: 6465 732e 2020 5468 6973 2065 6e61 626c des. This enabl\n-00001020: 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 7469 6c6c es GRUB to still\n-00001030: 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6365 boot. succe\n-00001040: 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f6d 6520 ssfully if some \n-00001050: 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 2063 6f72 7275 blocks are corru\n-00001060: 7074 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7861 6374 pted. The exact\n-00001070: 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 amount of. \n-00001080: 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6666 6572 protection offer\n-00001090: 6564 2069 7320 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7420 ed is dependent \n-000010a0: 6f6e 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2073 7061 on available spa\n-000010b0: 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 ce in the embedd\n-000010c0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612e 2020 ing. area. \n-000010d0: 5220 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6f66 2072 6564 R sectors of red\n-000010e0: 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6361 6e20 746f 6c65 undancy can tole\n-000010f0: 7261 7465 2075 7020 746f 2052 2f32 2063 rate up to R/2 c\n-00001100: 6f72 7275 7074 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7365 orrupted. se\n-00001110: 6374 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6973 2072 6564 ctors. This red\n-00001120: 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 6265 2063 undancy may be c\n-00001130: 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 2061 7474 umbersome if att\n-00001140: 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 empting to. \n-00001150: 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c cryptographicall\n-00001160: 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2074 6865 2063 y validate the c\n-00001170: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2062 ontents of the b\n-00001180: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 ootloader embedd\n-00001190: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612c 206f ing. area, o\n-000011a0: 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f 6465 726e r in more modern\n-000011b0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 4750 systems with GP\n-000011c0: 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f T-style partitio\n-000011d0: 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 282a n tables. (*\n-000011e0: 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c note BIOS instal\n-000011f0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 6572 6520 lation::) where \n-00001200: 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 GRUB does not re\n-00001210: 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e 790a 2020 2020 side in any. \n-00001220: 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 6564 2073 unpartitioned s\n-00001230: 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 pace outside of \n-00001240: 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 6973 6162 6c65 the MBR. Disable\n-00001250: 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f the Reed-Solomo\n-00001260: 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6573 2077 6974 n. codes wit\n-00001270: 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a h this option...\n-00001280: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00001290: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-000012a0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-000012b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Next: Invokin\n-000012c0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n-000012d0: 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 pbkdf2, Prev: I\n-000012e0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n-000012f0: 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d tall, Up: User-\n-00001300: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n-00001310: 0a32 342e 3220 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.2 Invoking g\n-00001320: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d rub-mkconfig.===\n+00000a70: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n+00000a80: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+00000a90: e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 ... generates a \n+00000aa0: 4752 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 GRUB core image \n+00000ab0: 7573 696e 670a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b using....grub-mk\n+00000ac0: 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 image... and ins\n+00000ad0: 7461 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 796f 7572 talls it on your\n+00000ae0: 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 system. You mu\n+00000af0: 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 0a64 st specify the.d\n+00000b00: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 7768 evice name on wh\n+00000b10: 6963 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 ich you want to \n+00000b20: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6c69 install GRUB, li\n+00000b30: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 ke this:.. g\n+00000b40: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 494e 5354 rub-install INST\n+00000b50: 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 2054 ALL_DEVICE.. T\n+00000b60: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2049 he device name I\n+00000b70: 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 4520 6973 NSTALL_DEVICE is\n+00000b80: 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 an OS device na\n+00000b90: 6d65 206f 7220 6120 4752 5542 2064 6576 me or a GRUB dev\n+00000ba0: 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 ice.name... ..\n+00000bb0: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n+00000bc0: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n+00000bd0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n+00000be0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 ....--help.... \n+00000bf0: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 Print a summa\n+00000c00: 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ry of the comman\n+00000c10: 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 d-line options a\n+00000c20: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 nd exit......--v\n+00000c30: 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 ersion.... P\n+00000c40: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e rint the version\n+00000c50: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 number of GRUB \n+00000c60: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d and exit......--\n+00000c70: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 boot-directory=D\n+00000c80: 4952 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 7461 IR.... Insta\n+00000c90: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6573 2075 ll GRUB images u\n+00000ca0: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f nder the directo\n+00000cb0: 7279 20e2 8098 4449 522f 6772 7562 2fe2 ry ...DIR/grub/.\n+00000cc0: 8099 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 .. This option i\n+00000cd0: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 s. useful wh\n+00000ce0: 656e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2069 en you want to i\n+00000cf0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f nstall GRUB into\n+00000d00: 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 7061 7274 a separate part\n+00000d10: 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 2020 ition or a. \n+00000d20: 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 6520 6469 736b 2e20 removable disk. \n+00000d30: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n+00000d40: 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 is not specified\n+00000d50: 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2064 6566 6175 6c74 then it default\n+00000d60: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982f 626f s. to .../bo\n+00000d70: 6f74 e280 992c 2073 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 ot..., so.. \n+00000d80: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c grub-instal\n+00000d90: 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 2020 l /dev/sda.. \n+00000da0: 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 is equivalent t\n+00000db0: 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 o.. gru\n+00000dc0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 b-install --boot\n+00000dd0: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 626f 6f74 -directory=/boot\n+00000de0: 2f20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 2020 / /dev/sda.. \n+00000df0: 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d Here is an exam\n+00000e00: 706c 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 ple in which you\n+00000e10: 2068 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 have a separate\n+00000e20: 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 e280 9d20 7061 7274 ...boot... part\n+00000e30: 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 6368 ition. which\n+00000e40: 2069 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6f6e 20e2 is mounted on .\n+00000e50: 8098 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 3a0a ../mnt/boot...:.\n+00000e60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d . grub-\n+00000e70: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 install --boot-d\n+00000e80: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f irectory=/mnt/bo\n+00000e90: 6f74 202f 6465 762f 7364 620a 0ae2 8098 ot /dev/sdb.....\n+00000ea0: 2d2d 7265 6368 6563 6be2 8099 0a20 2020 --recheck.... \n+00000eb0: 2020 5265 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6520 6465 Recheck the de\n+00000ec0: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 6576 656e 2069 vice map, even i\n+00000ed0: 6620 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f f .../boot/grub/\n+00000ee0: 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 616c device.map... al\n+00000ef0: 7265 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 7869 7374 ready. exist\n+00000f00: 732e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 s. You should u\n+00000f10: 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 se this option w\n+00000f20: 6865 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 6164 642f henever you add/\n+00000f30: 7265 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 6b0a 2020 remove a disk. \n+00000f40: 2020 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d 2079 6f75 into/from you\n+00000f50: 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 r computer......\n+00000f60: 2d2d 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 73e2 8099 --no-rs-codes...\n+00000f70: 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 . By default\n+00000f80: 206f 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 2073 7973 on x86 BIOS sys\n+00000f90: 7465 6d73 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e tems, ...grub-in\n+00000fa0: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7573 stall... will us\n+00000fb0: 6520 736f 6d65 2065 7874 7261 0a20 2020 e some extra. \n+00000fc0: 2020 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2062 space in the b\n+00000fd0: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 ootloader embedd\n+00000fe0: 696e 6720 6172 6561 2066 6f72 2052 6565 ing area for Ree\n+00000ff0: 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 d-Solomon. e\n+00001000: 7272 6f72 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 696e 6720 rror-correcting \n+00001010: 636f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6973 2065 6e61 codes. This ena\n+00001020: 626c 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 7469 bles GRUB to sti\n+00001030: 6c6c 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 7563 ll boot. suc\n+00001040: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f6d cessfully if som\n+00001050: 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 2063 6f72 e blocks are cor\n+00001060: 7275 7074 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7861 rupted. The exa\n+00001070: 6374 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 ct amount of. \n+00001080: 2020 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6666 protection off\n+00001090: 6572 6564 2069 7320 6465 7065 6e64 656e ered is dependen\n+000010a0: 7420 6f6e 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2073 t on available s\n+000010b0: 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 pace in the embe\n+000010c0: 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612e dding. area.\n+000010d0: 2020 5220 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6f66 2072 R sectors of r\n+000010e0: 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6361 6e20 746f edundancy can to\n+000010f0: 6c65 7261 7465 2075 7020 746f 2052 2f32 lerate up to R/2\n+00001100: 2063 6f72 7275 7074 6564 0a20 2020 2020 corrupted. \n+00001110: 7365 6374 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6973 2072 sectors. This r\n+00001120: 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 6265 edundancy may be\n+00001130: 2063 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 2061 cumbersome if a\n+00001140: 7474 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 ttempting to. \n+00001150: 2020 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 6869 6361 cryptographica\n+00001160: 6c6c 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2074 6865 lly validate the\n+00001170: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 contents of the\n+00001180: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 bootloader embe\n+00001190: 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612c dding. area,\n+000011a0: 206f 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f 6465 or in more mode\n+000011b0: 726e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 rn systems with \n+000011c0: 4750 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 7274 6974 GPT-style partit\n+000011d0: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 ion tables. \n+000011e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 (*note BIOS inst\n+000011f0: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 6572 allation::) wher\n+00001200: 6520 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 e GRUB does not \n+00001210: 7265 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e 790a 2020 reside in any. \n+00001220: 2020 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 6564 unpartitioned\n+00001230: 2073 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f space outside o\n+00001240: 6620 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 6973 6162 f the MBR. Disab\n+00001250: 6c65 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f le the Reed-Solo\n+00001260: 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6573 2077 mon. codes w\n+00001270: 6974 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2e ith this option.\n+00001280: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00001290: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f nfo, Node: Invo\n+000012a0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n+000012b0: 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b ig, Next: Invok\n+000012c0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n+000012d0: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a d-pbkdf2, Prev:\n+000012e0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n+000012f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 nstall, Up: Use\n+00001300: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n+00001310: 730a 0a32 342e 3220 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.2 Invoking\n+00001320: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d grub-mkconfig.=\n 00001330: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n-00001350: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ogram ...grub-mk\n-00001360: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 config... genera\n-00001370: 7465 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 tes a configurat\n-00001380: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 2047 5255 ion file for GRU\n-00001390: 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 B.(*note Simple \n-000013a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n-000013b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 ... grub-mkc\n-000013c0: 6f6e 6669 6720 2d6f 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 onfig -o /boot/g\n-000013d0: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 rub/grub.cfg.. \n-000013e0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-000013f0: 67e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 g... accepts the\n-00001400: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n-00001410: 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 ns:.....--help..\n-00001420: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 .. Print a s\n-00001430: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n-00001440: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n-00001450: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 ns and exit.....\n-00001460: 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 .--version.... \n-00001470: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n-00001480: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n-00001490: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 RUB and exit....\n-000014a0: 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 ..-o FILE.......\n-000014b0: 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 --output=FILE...\n-000014c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6e64 2074 6865 2067 . Send the g\n-000014d0: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 enerated configu\n-000014e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 746f 2046 ration file to F\n-000014f0: 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c ILE. The defaul\n-00001500: 7420 6973 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 656e t is to. sen\n-00001510: 6420 6974 2074 6f20 7374 616e 6461 7264 d it to standard\n-00001520: 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 output.....File\n-00001530: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00001540: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n-00001550: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n-00001560: 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 2, Next: Invoki\n-00001570: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n-00001580: 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 h, Prev: Invoki\n-00001590: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-000015a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 , Up: User-spac\n-000015b0: 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e e utilities..24.\n-000015c0: 3320 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 3 Invoking grub-\n-000015d0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 320a mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n-000015e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00001350: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d program ...grub-\n+00001360: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6765 6e65 mkconfig... gene\n+00001370: 7261 7465 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 rates a configur\n+00001380: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 2047 ation file for G\n+00001390: 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c RUB.(*note Simpl\n+000013a0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e configuration:\n+000013b0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d :)... grub-m\n+000013c0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 6720 2d6f 202f 626f 6f74 kconfig -o /boot\n+000013d0: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a /grub/grub.cfg..\n+000013e0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ...grub-mkcon\n+000013f0: 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 fig... accepts t\n+00001400: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n+00001410: 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 ions:.....--help\n+00001420: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 .... Print a\n+00001430: 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 summary of the \n+00001440: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 command-line opt\n+00001450: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a ions and exit...\n+00001460: e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a ...--version....\n+00001470: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 Print the v\n+00001480: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 ersion number of\n+00001490: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a GRUB and exit..\n+000014a0: 0ae2 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 ....-o FILE.....\n+000014b0: 8098 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 ..--output=FILE.\n+000014c0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6e64 2074 6865 ... Send the\n+000014d0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 generated confi\n+000014e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 746f guration file to\n+000014f0: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 FILE. The defa\n+00001500: 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 ult is to. s\n+00001510: 656e 6420 6974 2074 6f20 7374 616e 6461 end it to standa\n+00001520: 7264 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 rd output.....Fi\n+00001530: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00001540: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n+00001550: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n+00001560: 6466 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f df2, Next: Invo\n+00001570: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n+00001580: 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f ath, Prev: Invo\n+00001590: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n+000015a0: 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 ig, Up: User-sp\n+000015b0: 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 ace utilities..2\n+000015c0: 342e 3320 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 4.3 Invoking gru\n+000015d0: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+000015e0: 320a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 2.==============\n 000015f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001600: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 ==..The program \n-00001610: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ...grub-mkpasswd\n-00001620: 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2067 656e 6572 -pbkdf2... gener\n-00001630: 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 ates password ha\n-00001640: 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a 282a shes for GRUB.(*\n-00001650: 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a29 note Security::)\n-00001660: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 ... grub-mkp\n-00001670: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 0a0a 2020 asswd-pbkdf2.. \n-00001680: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ...grub-mkpassw\n-00001690: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 6163 6365 d-pbkdf2... acce\n-000016a0: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n-000016b0: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n-000016c0: 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d c NUMBER.......-\n-000016d0: 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 6f75 6e74 -iteration-count\n-000016e0: 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 =NUMBER.... \n-000016f0: 4e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6974 6572 6174 Number of iterat\n-00001700: 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6520 756e 6465 ions of the unde\n-00001710: 726c 7969 6e67 2070 7365 7564 6f2d 7261 rlying pseudo-ra\n-00001720: 6e64 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e 0a20 ndom function.. \n-00001730: 2020 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 Defaults to \n-00001740: 3130 3030 302e 0a0a e280 982d 6c20 4e55 10000......-l NU\n-00001750: 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d62 7566 MBER.......--buf\n-00001760: 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 len=NUMBER.... \n-00001770: 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 Length of the\n-00001780: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2068 6173 682e generated hash.\n-00001790: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 3634 Defaults to 64\n-000017a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d73 204e 554d 4245 52e2 ......-s NUMBER.\n-000017b0: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7361 6c74 3d4e 554d ......--salt=NUM\n-000017c0: 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 BER.... Leng\n-000017d0: 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 7361 6c74 2e20 th of the salt. \n-000017e0: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2036 342e Defaults to 64.\n-000017f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00001800: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f nfo, Node: Invo\n-00001810: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-00001820: 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f ath, Next: Invo\n-00001830: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-00001840: 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b ue, Prev: Invok\n-00001850: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n-00001860: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 703a 2055 d-pbkdf2, Up: U\n-00001870: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00001880: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3420 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.4 Invoki\n-00001890: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n-000018a0: 680a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d h.==============\n-000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-000018c0: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 The program ...g\n-000018d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 8099 rub-mkrelpath...\n-000018e0: 206d 616b 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 makes a file sy\n-000018f0: 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 7469 stem path relati\n-00001900: 7665 2074 6f20 7468 650a 726f 6f74 206f ve to the.root o\n-00001910: 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 f its containing\n-00001920: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 file system. F\n-00001930: 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2069 6620 or instance, if \n-00001940: e280 982f 7573 72e2 8099 2069 7320 6120 .../usr... is a \n-00001950: 6d6f 756e 740a 706f 696e 742c 2074 6865 mount.point, the\n-00001960: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 622d n:.. $ grub-\n-00001970: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6820 2f75 7372 2f73 mkrelpath /usr/s\n-00001980: 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e 6963 6f64 hare/grub/unicod\n-00001990: 652e 7066 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f73 e.pf2. .../s\n-000019a0: 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e 6963 6f64 hare/grub/unicod\n-000019b0: 652e 7066 32e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 e.pf2..... Thi\n-000019c0: 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 s is mainly used\n-000019d0: 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 6279 206f internally by o\n-000019e0: 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 ther GRUB utilit\n-000019f0: 6965 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a e280 9867 ies such as....g\n-00001a00: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-00001a10: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n-00001a20: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 grub-mkconfig::)\n-00001a30: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f63 6361 7369 , but may occasi\n-00001a40: 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a61 6c73 6f20 6265 2075 onally.also be u\n-00001a50: 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6465 6275 6767 seful for debugg\n-00001a60: 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ing... ...grub\n-00001a70: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 e280 9920 6163 -mkrelpath... ac\n-00001a80: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-00001a90: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n-00001aa0: 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .--help.... \n-00001ab0: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n-00001ac0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n-00001ad0: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n-00001ae0: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 exit......--vers\n-00001af0: 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e ion.... Prin\n-00001b00: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n-00001b10: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n-00001b20: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 exit.....File: \n-00001b30: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00001b40: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00001b50: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 204e 6578 743a mkrescue, Next:\n-00001b60: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00001b70: 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 ount, Prev: Inv\n-00001b80: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n-00001b90: 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d path, Up: User-\n-00001ba0: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n-00001bb0: 0a32 342e 3520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.5 Invoking g\n-00001bc0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 0a3d 3d3d rub-mkrescue.===\n+00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n+00001610: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 m ...grub-mkpass\n+00001620: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2067 656e wd-pbkdf2... gen\n+00001630: 6572 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 erates password \n+00001640: 6861 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a hashes for GRUB.\n+00001650: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a (*note Security:\n+00001660: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d :)... grub-m\n+00001670: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 0a0a kpasswd-pbkdf2..\n+00001680: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 ...grub-mkpas\n+00001690: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 6163 swd-pbkdf2... ac\n+000016a0: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n+000016b0: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n+000016c0: 982d 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 .-c NUMBER......\n+000016d0: 982d 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 6f75 .--iteration-cou\n+000016e0: 6e74 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 nt=NUMBER.... \n+000016f0: 2020 4e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6974 6572 Number of iter\n+00001700: 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6520 756e ations of the un\n+00001710: 6465 726c 7969 6e67 2070 7365 7564 6f2d derlying pseudo-\n+00001720: 7261 6e64 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e random function.\n+00001730: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 . Defaults t\n+00001740: 6f20 3130 3030 302e 0a0a e280 982d 6c20 o 10000......-l \n+00001750: 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d62 NUMBER.......--b\n+00001760: 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a uflen=NUMBER....\n+00001770: 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 Length of t\n+00001780: 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2068 6173 he generated has\n+00001790: 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 h. Defaults to \n+000017a0: 3634 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d73 204e 554d 4245 64......-s NUMBE\n+000017b0: 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7361 6c74 3d4e R.......--salt=N\n+000017c0: 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 UMBER.... Le\n+000017d0: 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 7361 6c74 ngth of the salt\n+000017e0: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2036 . Defaults to 6\n+000017f0: 342e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 4.....File: grub\n+00001800: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n+00001810: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+00001820: 6c70 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e lpath, Next: In\n+00001830: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+00001840: 7363 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 scue, Prev: Inv\n+00001850: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking grub-mkpas\n+00001860: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 703a swd-pbkdf2, Up:\n+00001870: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n+00001880: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3420 496e 766f ities..24.4 Invo\n+00001890: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n+000018a0: 6174 680a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ath.============\n+000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000018c0: 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 ..The program ..\n+000018d0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 .grub-mkrelpath.\n+000018e0: 8099 206d 616b 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 .. makes a file \n+000018f0: 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 system path rela\n+00001900: 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 650a 726f 6f74 tive to the.root\n+00001910: 206f 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 of its containi\n+00001920: 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 ng file system. \n+00001930: 2046 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2069 For instance, i\n+00001940: 6620 e280 982f 7573 72e2 8099 2069 7320 f .../usr... is \n+00001950: 6120 6d6f 756e 740a 706f 696e 742c 2074 a mount.point, t\n+00001960: 6865 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 hen:.. $ gru\n+00001970: 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6820 2f75 7372 b-mkrelpath /usr\n+00001980: 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e 6963 /share/grub/unic\n+00001990: 6f64 652e 7066 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ode.pf2. ...\n+000019a0: 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e 6963 /share/grub/unic\n+000019b0: 6f64 652e 7066 32e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2054 ode.pf2..... T\n+000019c0: 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 his is mainly us\n+000019d0: 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 6279 ed internally by\n+000019e0: 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c other GRUB util\n+000019f0: 6974 6965 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a e280 ities such as...\n+00001a00: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n+00001a10: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n+00001a20: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a g grub-mkconfig:\n+00001a30: 3a29 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f63 6361 :), but may occa\n+00001a40: 7369 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a61 6c73 6f20 6265 sionally.also be\n+00001a50: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6465 6275 useful for debu\n+00001a60: 6767 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 gging... ...gr\n+00001a70: 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 e280 9920 ub-mkrelpath... \n+00001a80: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n+00001a90: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n+00001aa0: e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...--help.... \n+00001ab0: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 Print a summar\n+00001ac0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 y of the command\n+00001ad0: 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e -line options an\n+00001ae0: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 d exit......--ve\n+00001af0: 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 rsion.... Pr\n+00001b00: 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 int the version \n+00001b10: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 number of GRUB a\n+00001b20: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nd exit.....File\n+00001b30: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00001b40: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n+00001b50: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 204e 6578 b-mkrescue, Nex\n+00001b60: 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 t: Invoking grub\n+00001b70: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 -mount, Prev: I\n+00001b80: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00001b90: 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 elpath, Up: Use\n+00001ba0: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n+00001bb0: 730a 0a32 342e 3520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.5 Invoking\n+00001bc0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 0a3d grub-mkrescue.=\n 00001bd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n-00001bf0: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ogram ...grub-mk\n-00001c00: 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 rescue... genera\n-00001c10: 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2047 tes a bootable G\n-00001c20: 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 RUB rescue image\n-00001c30: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 .(*note Making a\n-00001c40: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n-00001c50: 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 D-ROM::)... \n-00001c60: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f grub-mkrescue -o\n-00001c70: 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 416c grub.iso.. Al\n-00001c80: 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6e6f 7420 l arguments not \n-00001c90: 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6973 7465 explicitly liste\n-00001ca0: 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 d as ...grub-mkr\n-00001cb0: 6573 6375 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 escue... options\n-00001cc0: 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 6420 6f6e 2064 are.passed on d\n-00001cd0: 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 20e2 8098 786f irectly to ...xo\n-00001ce0: 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 986d rriso... in ...m\n-00001cf0: 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 656d 756c 6174 kisofs... emulat\n-00001d00: 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f 7074 696f ion mode. Optio\n-00001d10: 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 746f 20e2 8098 ns.passed to ...\n-00001d20: 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 xorriso... will \n-00001d30: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 696e 7465 normally be inte\n-00001d40: 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6d6b rpreted as ...mk\n-00001d50: 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 isofs... options\n-00001d60: 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ;.if the option \n-00001d70: e280 982d 2de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 ...--... is used\n-00001d80: 2c20 7468 656e 2061 6e79 7468 696e 6720 , then anything \n-00001d90: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 after that will \n-00001da0: 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 0a61 be interpreted.a\n-00001db0: 7320 6e61 7469 7665 20e2 8098 786f 7272 s native ...xorr\n-00001dc0: 6973 6fe2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a iso... options..\n-00001dd0: 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 . Non-option a\n-00001de0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 7065 6369 6679 rguments specify\n-00001df0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 736f 7572 additional sour\n-00001e00: 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f 7269 6573 2e20 ce directories. \n-00001e10: 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d6f 6e6c This is.commonl\n-00001e20: 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6578 y used to add ex\n-00001e30: 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f 2074 6865 tra files to the\n-00001e40: 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d6b image:.. mk\n-00001e50: 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 6b2f 626f 6f74 dir -p disk/boot\n-00001e60: 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2028 6164 6420 /grub. (add \n-00001e70: 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f 20e2 extra files to .\n-00001e80: 8098 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ..disk/boot/grub\n-00001e90: e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d ...). grub-m\n-00001ea0: 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e krescue -o grub.\n-00001eb0: 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 iso disk.. ...\n-00001ec0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 grub-mkrescue...\n-00001ed0: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n-00001ee0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n-00001ef0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 ....--help.... \n-00001f00: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 Print a summa\n-00001f10: 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ry of the comman\n-00001f20: 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 d-line options a\n-00001f30: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 nd exit......--v\n-00001f40: 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 ersion.... P\n-00001f50: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e rint the version\n-00001f60: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 number of GRUB \n-00001f70: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6f and exit......-o\n-00001f80: 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6f75 FILE.......--ou\n-00001f90: 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 tput=FILE.... \n-00001fa0: 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 696e Save output in\n-00001fb0: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 2022 6f70 FILE. This \"op\n-00001fc0: 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 6571 7569 7265 tion\" is require\n-00001fd0: 642e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 d......--modules\n-00001fe0: 3d4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a 2020 2020 =MODULES.... \n-00001ff0: 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6e61 Pre-load the na\n-00002000: 6d65 6420 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 med GRUB modules\n-00002010: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e 2020 in the image. \n-00002020: 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 Multiple entries\n-00002030: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 204d 4f44 554c 4553 in. MODULES\n-00002040: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 6570 6172 should be separ\n-00002050: 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 6974 6573 7061 ated by whitespa\n-00002060: 6365 2028 736f 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 ce (so you will \n-00002070: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 probably. ne\n-00002080: 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6f74 6520 7468 6973 ed to quote this\n-00002090: 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 7368 656c 6c29 for your shell)\n-000020a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6d2d 6469 7265 ......--rom-dire\n-000020b0: 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 ctory=DIR.... \n-000020c0: 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 If generating \n-000020d0: 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2051 images for the Q\n-000020e0: 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 EMU or Coreboot \n-000020f0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2063 6f70 7920 platforms, copy \n-00002100: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c 7469 the. resulti\n-00002110: 6e67 20e2 8098 7165 6d75 2e69 6d67 e280 ng ...qemu.img..\n-00002120: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 636f 7265 626f 6f74 . or ...coreboot\n-00002130: 2e65 6c66 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7320 7265 .elf... files re\n-00002140: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 spectively to th\n-00002150: 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 2064 6972 6563 e. DIR direc\n-00002160: 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 tory as well as \n-00002170: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 including them i\n-00002180: 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e 0a0a e280 n the image.....\n-00002190: 982d 2d78 6f72 7269 736f 3d46 494c 45e2 .--xorriso=FILE.\n-000021a0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 ... Use FILE\n-000021b0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9878 6f72 7269 as the ...xorri\n-000021c0: 736f e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d2c 2072 so... program, r\n-000021d0: 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 2062 ather than the b\n-000021e0: 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 6566 uilt-in. def\n-000021f0: 6175 6c74 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6772 7562 ault......--grub\n-00002200: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 -mkimage=FILE...\n-00002210: 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 2061 . Use FILE a\n-00002220: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b s the ...grub-mk\n-00002230: 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d image... program\n-00002240: 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 , rather than th\n-00002250: 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e built-in. \n-00002260: 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 default.....File\n-00002270: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00002280: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n-00002290: 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 b-mount, Next: \n-000022a0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 Invoking grub-pr\n-000022b0: 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f obe, Prev: Invo\n-000022c0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-000022d0: 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 ue, Up: User-sp\n-000022e0: 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 ace utilities..2\n-000022f0: 342e 3620 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 4.6 Invoking gru\n-00002300: 622d 6d6f 756e 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d b-mount.========\n+00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00001bf0: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d program ...grub-\n+00001c00: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6765 6e65 mkrescue... gene\n+00001c10: 7261 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 rates a bootable\n+00001c20: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 GRUB rescue ima\n+00001c30: 6765 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 ge.(*note Making\n+00001c40: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n+00001c50: 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 CD-ROM::)... \n+00001c60: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 grub-mkrescue \n+00001c70: 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 -o grub.iso.. \n+00001c80: 416c 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6e6f All arguments no\n+00001c90: 7420 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6973 t explicitly lis\n+00001ca0: 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ted as ...grub-m\n+00001cb0: 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f krescue... optio\n+00001cc0: 6e73 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 6420 6f6e ns are.passed on\n+00001cd0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 20e2 8098 directly to ...\n+00001ce0: 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 xorriso... in ..\n+00001cf0: 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 656d 756c .mkisofs... emul\n+00001d00: 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f 7074 ation mode. Opt\n+00001d10: 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 746f 20e2 ions.passed to .\n+00001d20: 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2077 696c ..xorriso... wil\n+00001d30: 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 696e l normally be in\n+00001d40: 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 terpreted as ...\n+00001d50: 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f mkisofs... optio\n+00001d60: 6e73 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f ns;.if the optio\n+00001d70: 6e20 e280 982d 2de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 n ...--... is us\n+00001d80: 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2061 6e79 7468 696e ed, then anythin\n+00001d90: 6720 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2077 696c g after that wil\n+00001da0: 6c20 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 l be interpreted\n+00001db0: 0a61 7320 6e61 7469 7665 20e2 8098 786f .as native ...xo\n+00001dc0: 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 rriso... options\n+00001dd0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e ... Non-option\n+00001de0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 7065 6369 arguments speci\n+00001df0: 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 736f fy additional so\n+00001e00: 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f 7269 6573 urce directories\n+00001e10: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d6f . This is.commo\n+00001e20: 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6420 nly used to add \n+00001e30: 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f 2074 extra files to t\n+00001e40: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 he image:.. \n+00001e50: 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 6b2f 626f mkdir -p disk/bo\n+00001e60: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2028 6164 ot/grub. (ad\n+00001e70: 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f d extra files to\n+00001e80: 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ...disk/boot/gr\n+00001e90: 7562 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 ub...). grub\n+00001ea0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 -mkrescue -o gru\n+00001eb0: 622e 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 20e2 b.iso disk.. .\n+00001ec0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 ..grub-mkrescue.\n+00001ed0: 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 .. accepts the f\n+00001ee0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n+00001ef0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a :.....--help....\n+00001f00: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n+00001f10: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n+00001f20: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n+00001f30: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n+00001f40: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 -version.... \n+00001f50: 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 Print the versi\n+00001f60: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 on number of GRU\n+00001f70: 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 B and exit......\n+00001f80: 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d -o FILE.......--\n+00001f90: 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 output=FILE.... \n+00001fa0: 2020 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 Save output \n+00001fb0: 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 2022 in FILE. This \"\n+00001fc0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 6571 7569 option\" is requi\n+00001fd0: 7265 642e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 756c red......--modul\n+00001fe0: 6573 3d4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a 2020 es=MODULES.... \n+00001ff0: 2020 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 Pre-load the \n+00002000: 6e61 6d65 6420 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c named GRUB modul\n+00002010: 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e es in the image.\n+00002020: 2020 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 Multiple entri\n+00002030: 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 204d 4f44 554c es in. MODUL\n+00002040: 4553 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 6570 ES should be sep\n+00002050: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 6974 6573 arated by whites\n+00002060: 7061 6365 2028 736f 2079 6f75 2077 696c pace (so you wil\n+00002070: 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 l probably. \n+00002080: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6f74 6520 7468 need to quote th\n+00002090: 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 7368 656c is for your shel\n+000020a0: 6c29 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6d2d 6469 l)......--rom-di\n+000020b0: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 rectory=DIR.... \n+000020c0: 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e If generatin\n+000020d0: 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 g images for the\n+000020e0: 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f QEMU or Coreboo\n+000020f0: 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2063 6f70 t platforms, cop\n+00002100: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c y the. resul\n+00002110: 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7165 6d75 2e69 6d67 ting ...qemu.img\n+00002120: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 636f 7265 626f ... or ...corebo\n+00002130: 6f74 2e65 6c66 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7320 ot.elf... files \n+00002140: 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2074 6f20 respectively to \n+00002150: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 2064 6972 the. DIR dir\n+00002160: 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 ectory as well a\n+00002170: 7320 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 656d s including them\n+00002180: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e 0a0a in the image...\n+00002190: e280 982d 2d78 6f72 7269 736f 3d46 494c ...--xorriso=FIL\n+000021a0: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 E.... Use FI\n+000021b0: 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9878 6f72 LE as the ...xor\n+000021c0: 7269 736f e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d2c riso... program,\n+000021d0: 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 rather than the\n+000021e0: 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 built-in. d\n+000021f0: 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6772 efault......--gr\n+00002200: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 494c 45e2 ub-mkimage=FILE.\n+00002210: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 ... Use FILE\n+00002220: 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d as the ...grub-\n+00002230: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 mkimage... progr\n+00002240: 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 am, rather than \n+00002250: 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 the built-in. \n+00002260: 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 default.....Fi\n+00002270: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00002280: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n+00002290: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 rub-mount, Next\n+000022a0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+000022b0: 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e probe, Prev: In\n+000022c0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+000022d0: 7363 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d scue, Up: User-\n+000022e0: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n+000022f0: 0a32 342e 3620 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.6 Invoking g\n+00002300: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rub-mount.======\n 00002310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002320: 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 ..The program ..\n-00002330: 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2070 .grub-mount... p\n-00002340: 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7265 6164 2d6f erforms a read-o\n-00002350: 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2061 6e79 nly mount of any\n-00002360: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6f 7220 file system.or \n-00002370: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 file system imag\n-00002380: 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 e that GRUB unde\n-00002390: 7273 7461 6e64 732c 2075 7369 6e67 2047 rstands, using G\n-000023a0: 5255 4227 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 RUB's file syste\n-000023b0: 6d0a 6472 6976 6572 7320 7669 6120 4655 m.drivers via FU\n-000023c0: 5345 2e20 2849 7420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 SE. (It is only \n-000023d0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6966 2046 5553 available if FUS\n-000023e0: 4520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 6669 E development fi\n-000023f0: 6c65 7320 7765 7265 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 les were.present\n-00002400: 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 when GRUB was b\n-00002410: 7569 6c74 2e29 2020 5468 6973 2068 6173 uilt.) This has\n-00002420: 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2075 7365 a number of use\n-00002430: 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 7072 s:.. ... It pr\n-00002440: 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 ovides a conveni\n-00002450: 656e 7420 7761 7920 746f 2063 6865 636b ent way to check\n-00002460: 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2076 how GRUB will v\n-00002470: 6965 7720 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 iew a file. \n-00002480: 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 626f 6f74 2074 system at boot t\n-00002490: 696d 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 ime. You can us\n-000024a0: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e normal command\n-000024b0: 2d6c 696e 6520 746f 6f6c 7320 746f 0a20 -line tools to. \n-000024c0: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6174 compare that\n-000024d0: 2076 6965 7720 7769 7468 2074 6861 7420 view with that \n-000024e0: 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e of your operatin\n-000024f0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 g system, making\n-00002500: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2065 6173 7920 746f it. easy to\n-00002510: 2066 696e 6420 6275 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 find bugs... \n-00002520: e280 a220 4974 206f 6666 6572 7320 7472 ... It offers tr\n-00002530: 7565 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 ue read-only mou\n-00002540: 6e74 732e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 646f 6573 nts. Linux does\n-00002550: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 6573 6520 not have these \n-00002560: 666f 720a 2020 2020 206a 6f75 726e 616c for. journal\n-00002570: 6c69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d ling file system\n-00002580: 732c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 7769 s, because it wi\n-00002590: 6c6c 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6174 7465 6d70 ll always attemp\n-000025a0: 7420 746f 2072 6570 6c61 790a 2020 2020 t to replay. \n-000025b0: 2074 6865 206a 6f75 726e 616c 2061 7420 the journal at \n-000025c0: 6d6f 756e 7420 7469 6d65 3b20 7768 696c mount time; whil\n-000025d0: 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7465 6d70 6f72 e you can tempor\n-000025e0: 6172 696c 7920 6d61 726b 2074 6865 2062 arily mark the b\n-000025f0: 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 lock. device\n-00002600: 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 6176 read-only to av\n-00002610: 6f69 6420 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6174 2063 oid this, that c\n-00002620: 6175 7365 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 756e 7420 auses the mount \n-00002630: 746f 2066 6169 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 5369 to fail.. Si\n-00002640: 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e74 656e 7469 nce GRUB intenti\n-00002650: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 onally contains \n-00002660: 6e6f 2063 6f64 6520 666f 7220 7772 6974 no code for writ\n-00002670: 696e 6720 746f 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 ing to file. \n-00002680: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6974 2063 616e systems, it can\n-00002690: 2065 6173 696c 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 easily provide \n-000026a0: 6120 6775 6172 616e 7465 6564 2072 6561 a guaranteed rea\n-000026b0: 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 0a20 2020 d-only mount. \n-000026c0: 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2e 0a0a 2020 mechanism... \n-000026d0: 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2079 ... It allows y\n-000026e0: 6f75 2074 6f20 6578 616d 696e 6520 616e ou to examine an\n-000026f0: 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7468 y file system th\n-00002700: 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7273 7461 at GRUB understa\n-00002710: 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2077 6974 686f 7574 nds. without\n-00002720: 206e 6565 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 needing to load\n-00002730: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6d6f 6475 additional modu\n-00002740: 6c65 7320 696e 746f 2079 6f75 7220 7275 les into your ru\n-00002750: 6e6e 696e 670a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 nning. kerne\n-00002760: 6c2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 6520 l, which may be \n-00002770: 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e73 7472 useful in constr\n-00002780: 6169 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ained environmen\n-00002790: 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 0a20 2020 2020 ts such as. \n-000027a0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 installers... \n-000027b0: e280 a220 5369 6e63 6520 6974 2063 616e ... Since it can\n-000027c0: 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2066 696c 6520 7379 examine file sy\n-000027d0: 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2863 6f6e stem images (con\n-000027e0: 7461 696e 6564 2069 6e20 7265 6775 6c61 tained in regula\n-000027f0: 720a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 2920 6a75 r. files) ju\n-00002800: 7374 2061 7320 6561 7369 6c79 2061 7320 st as easily as \n-00002810: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206f 6e20 file systems on \n-00002820: 626c 6f63 6b20 6465 7669 6365 732c 2079 block devices, y\n-00002830: 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 ou can use. \n-00002840: 6974 2074 6f20 696e 7370 6563 7420 616e it to inspect an\n-00002850: 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d y file system im\n-00002860: 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e age that GRUB un\n-00002870: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 7769 7468 206f derstands with o\n-00002880: 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 nly. enough \n-00002890: 7072 6976 696c 6567 6573 2074 6f20 7573 privileges to us\n-000028a0: 6520 4655 5345 2c20 6576 656e 2069 6620 e FUSE, even if \n-000028b0: 6e6f 626f 6479 2068 6173 2079 6574 2077 nobody has yet w\n-000028c0: 7269 7474 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 4655 ritten a. FU\n-000028d0: 5345 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7370 6563 6966 SE module specif\n-000028e0: 6963 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2074 6861 7420 ically for that \n-000028f0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7479 7065 file system type\n-00002900: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5573 696e 6720 e280 9867 ... Using ...g\n-00002910: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2069 7320 rub-mount... is \n-00002920: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 7320 7369 6d70 normally as simp\n-00002930: 6c65 2061 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 le as:.. gru\n-00002940: 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 b-mount /dev/sda\n-00002950: 3120 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 1 /mnt.. ...gr\n-00002960: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 6d75 7374 ub-mount... must\n-00002970: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f72 be given one or\n-00002980: 206d 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 2061 6e64 more images and\n-00002990: 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 2070 6f69 6e74 2061 a mount point a\n-000029a0: 730a 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 s.non-option arg\n-000029b0: 756d 656e 7473 2028 6966 2069 7420 6973 uments (if it is\n-000029c0: 2067 6976 656e 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e given more than\n-000029d0: 206f 6e65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 6974 2077 one image, it w\n-000029e0: 696c 6c20 7472 6561 740a 7468 656d 2061 ill treat.them a\n-000029f0: 7320 6120 5241 4944 2073 6574 292c 2061 s a RAID set), a\n-00002a00: 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 7074 7320 nd also accepts \n-00002a10: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 the following op\n-00002a20: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c tions:.....--hel\n-00002a30: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 p.... Print \n-00002a40: 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 a summary of the\n-00002a50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 command-line op\n-00002a60: 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a tions and exit..\n-00002a70: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 ....--version...\n-00002a80: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 . Print the \n-00002a90: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f version number o\n-00002aa0: 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e f GRUB and exit.\n-00002ab0: 0a0a e280 982d 43e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d .....-C.......--\n-00002ac0: 6372 7970 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 204d crypto.... M\n-00002ad0: 6f75 6e74 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 ount encrypted d\n-00002ae0: 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7072 6f6d 7074 696e evices, promptin\n-00002af0: 6720 666f 7220 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 g for a passphra\n-00002b00: 7365 2069 6620 6e65 6365 7373 6172 792e se if necessary.\n-00002b10: 0a0a e280 982d 6420 5354 5249 4e47 e280 .....-d STRING..\n-00002b20: 990a e280 982d 2d64 6562 7567 3d53 5452 .....--debug=STR\n-00002b30: 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5368 6f77 ING.... Show\n-00002b40: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 debugging outpu\n-00002b50: 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 t for conditions\n-00002b60: 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 5354 5249 4e47 matching STRING\n-00002b70: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d4b 2070 726f 6d70 747c ......-K prompt|\n-00002b80: 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d 2d7a 6673 FILE.......--zfs\n-00002b90: 2d6b 6579 3d70 726f 6d70 747c 4649 4c45 -key=prompt|FILE\n-00002ba0: e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 .... Load a \n-00002bb0: 5a46 5320 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 206b ZFS encryption k\n-00002bc0: 6579 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 ey. If you use \n-00002bd0: e280 9870 726f 6d70 74e2 8099 2061 7320 ...prompt... as \n-00002be0: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2c0a 2020 the argument,. \n-00002bf0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 ...grub-mount\n-00002c00: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6120 ... will read a \n-00002c10: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2066 726f 6d20 passphrase from \n-00002c20: 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 3b20 6f74 the terminal; ot\n-00002c30: 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a20 2020 2020 6974 herwise,. it\n-00002c40: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 206b 6579 206d will read key m\n-00002c50: 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 aterial from the\n-00002c60: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c 652e specified file.\n-00002c70: 0a0a e280 982d 7220 4445 5649 4345 e280 .....-r DEVICE..\n-00002c80: 990a e280 982d 2d72 6f6f 743d 4445 5649 .....--root=DEVI\n-00002c90: 4345 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 CE.... Set t\n-00002ca0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 726f 6f74 2064 6576 he GRUB root dev\n-00002cb0: 6963 6520 746f 2044 4556 4943 452e 2020 ice to DEVICE. \n-00002cc0: 596f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 206e 6f72 6d61 You do not norma\n-00002cd0: 6c6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 lly need to. \n-00002ce0: 2073 6574 2074 6869 733b 20e2 8098 6772 set this; ...gr\n-00002cf0: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7769 6c6c ub-mount... will\n-00002d00: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 automatically s\n-00002d10: 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 et the root devi\n-00002d20: 6365 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2072 ce to. the r\n-00002d30: 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7570 706c oot of the suppl\n-00002d40: 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e ied file system.\n-00002d50: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 4445 5649 4345 .. If DEVICE\n-00002d60: 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 206e 756d 6265 is just a numbe\n-00002d70: 722c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 r, then it will \n-00002d80: 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6120 be treated as a \n-00002d90: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206e partition. n\n-00002da0: 756d 6265 7220 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 umber within the\n-00002db0: 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 696d 6167 652e supplied image.\n-00002dc0: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 This means tha\n-00002dd0: 742c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 t, if you have a\n-00002de0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 206f 6620 n. image of \n-00002df0: 616e 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 736b 2069 an entire disk i\n-00002e00: 6e20 e280 9864 6973 6b2e 696d 67e2 8099 n ...disk.img...\n-00002e10: 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 , then you can u\n-00002e20: 7365 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d se this. com\n-00002e30: 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e 7420 6974 mand to mount it\n-00002e40: 7320 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 s second partiti\n-00002e50: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 on:.. g\n-00002e60: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2d72 2032 2064 rub-mount -r 2 d\n-00002e70: 6973 6b2e 696d 6720 6d6f 756e 742d 706f isk.img mount-po\n-00002e80: 696e 740a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 int.....-v......\n-00002e90: 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 .--verbose.... \n-00002ea0: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f 7365 Print verbose\n-00002eb0: 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 messages.....Fi\n-00002ec0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00002ed0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00002ee0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 rub-probe, Next\n-00002ef0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00002f00: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 2050 script-check, P\n-00002f10: 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 rev: Invoking gr\n-00002f20: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2055 ub-mount, Up: U\n-00002f30: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00002f40: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3720 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.7 Invoki\n-00002f50: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 650a 3d3d ng grub-probe.==\n+00002320: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 ==..The program \n+00002330: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...grub-mount...\n+00002340: 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7265 6164 performs a read\n+00002350: 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2061 -only mount of a\n+00002360: 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6f ny file system.o\n+00002370: 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d r file system im\n+00002380: 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e age that GRUB un\n+00002390: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 732c 2075 7369 6e67 derstands, using\n+000023a0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 GRUB's file sys\n+000023b0: 7465 6d0a 6472 6976 6572 7320 7669 6120 tem.drivers via \n+000023c0: 4655 5345 2e20 2849 7420 6973 206f 6e6c FUSE. (It is onl\n+000023d0: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6966 2046 y available if F\n+000023e0: 5553 4520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 USE development \n+000023f0: 6669 6c65 7320 7765 7265 0a70 7265 7365 files were.prese\n+00002400: 6e74 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 6173 nt when GRUB was\n+00002410: 2062 7569 6c74 2e29 2020 5468 6973 2068 built.) This h\n+00002420: 6173 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2075 as a number of u\n+00002430: 7365 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 ses:.. ... It \n+00002440: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 7665 provides a conve\n+00002450: 6e69 656e 7420 7761 7920 746f 2063 6865 nient way to che\n+00002460: 636b 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c ck how GRUB will\n+00002470: 2076 6965 7720 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 view a file. \n+00002480: 2020 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 626f 6f74 system at boot\n+00002490: 2074 696d 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 time. You can \n+000024a0: 7573 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 use normal comma\n+000024b0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 746f 6f6c 7320 746f nd-line tools to\n+000024c0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 . compare th\n+000024d0: 6174 2076 6965 7720 7769 7468 2074 6861 at view with tha\n+000024e0: 7420 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 t of your operat\n+000024f0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6d61 6b69 ing system, maki\n+00002500: 6e67 2069 740a 2020 2020 2065 6173 7920 ng it. easy \n+00002510: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6275 6773 2e0a 0a20 to find bugs... \n+00002520: 2020 e280 a220 4974 206f 6666 6572 7320 ... It offers \n+00002530: 7472 7565 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d true read-only m\n+00002540: 6f75 6e74 732e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 646f ounts. Linux do\n+00002550: 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 6573 es not have thes\n+00002560: 6520 666f 720a 2020 2020 206a 6f75 726e e for. journ\n+00002570: 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 alling file syst\n+00002580: 656d 732c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 ems, because it \n+00002590: 7769 6c6c 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6174 7465 will always atte\n+000025a0: 6d70 7420 746f 2072 6570 6c61 790a 2020 mpt to replay. \n+000025b0: 2020 2074 6865 206a 6f75 726e 616c 2061 the journal a\n+000025c0: 7420 6d6f 756e 7420 7469 6d65 3b20 7768 t mount time; wh\n+000025d0: 696c 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7465 6d70 ile you can temp\n+000025e0: 6f72 6172 696c 7920 6d61 726b 2074 6865 orarily mark the\n+000025f0: 2062 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 block. devi\n+00002600: 6365 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 ce read-only to \n+00002610: 6176 6f69 6420 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6174 avoid this, that\n+00002620: 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 756e causes the moun\n+00002630: 7420 746f 2066 6169 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 t to fail.. \n+00002640: 5369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e74 656e Since GRUB inten\n+00002650: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 696e tionally contain\n+00002660: 7320 6e6f 2063 6f64 6520 666f 7220 7772 s no code for wr\n+00002670: 6974 696e 6720 746f 2066 696c 650a 2020 iting to file. \n+00002680: 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6974 2063 systems, it c\n+00002690: 616e 2065 6173 696c 7920 7072 6f76 6964 an easily provid\n+000026a0: 6520 6120 6775 6172 616e 7465 6564 2072 e a guaranteed r\n+000026b0: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 0a20 ead-only mount. \n+000026c0: 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2e 0a0a mechanism...\n+000026d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 ... It allows\n+000026e0: 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 6578 616d 696e 6520 you to examine \n+000026f0: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 any file system \n+00002700: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7273 that GRUB unders\n+00002710: 7461 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2077 6974 686f tands. witho\n+00002720: 7574 206e 6565 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f ut needing to lo\n+00002730: 6164 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6d6f ad additional mo\n+00002740: 6475 6c65 7320 696e 746f 2079 6f75 7220 dules into your \n+00002750: 7275 6e6e 696e 670a 2020 2020 206b 6572 running. ker\n+00002760: 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 nel, which may b\n+00002770: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e73 e useful in cons\n+00002780: 7472 6169 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d trained environm\n+00002790: 656e 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 0a20 2020 ents such as. \n+000027a0: 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7273 2e0a 0a20 installers... \n+000027b0: 2020 e280 a220 5369 6e63 6520 6974 2063 ... Since it c\n+000027c0: 616e 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2066 696c 6520 an examine file \n+000027d0: 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2863 system images (c\n+000027e0: 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 2069 6e20 7265 6775 ontained in regu\n+000027f0: 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 2920 lar. files) \n+00002800: 6a75 7374 2061 7320 6561 7369 6c79 2061 just as easily a\n+00002810: 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206f s file systems o\n+00002820: 6e20 626c 6f63 6b20 6465 7669 6365 732c n block devices,\n+00002830: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a20 2020 you can use. \n+00002840: 2020 6974 2074 6f20 696e 7370 6563 7420 it to inspect \n+00002850: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 any file system \n+00002860: 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 image that GRUB \n+00002870: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 7769 7468 understands with\n+00002880: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e6f 7567 only. enoug\n+00002890: 6820 7072 6976 696c 6567 6573 2074 6f20 h privileges to \n+000028a0: 7573 6520 4655 5345 2c20 6576 656e 2069 use FUSE, even i\n+000028b0: 6620 6e6f 626f 6479 2068 6173 2079 6574 f nobody has yet\n+000028c0: 2077 7269 7474 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 written a. \n+000028d0: 4655 5345 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7370 6563 FUSE module spec\n+000028e0: 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2074 6861 ifically for tha\n+000028f0: 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7479 t file system ty\n+00002900: 7065 2e0a 0a20 2020 5573 696e 6720 e280 pe... Using ..\n+00002910: 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2069 .grub-mount... i\n+00002920: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 7320 7369 s normally as si\n+00002930: 6d70 6c65 2061 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 mple as:.. g\n+00002940: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 rub-mount /dev/s\n+00002950: 6461 3120 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 da1 /mnt.. ...\n+00002960: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 6d75 grub-mount... mu\n+00002970: 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6f6e 6520 st be given one \n+00002980: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 2061 or more images a\n+00002990: 6e64 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 2070 6f69 6e74 nd a mount point\n+000029a0: 2061 730a 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 as.non-option a\n+000029b0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6966 2069 7420 rguments (if it \n+000029c0: 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 6f72 6520 7468 is given more th\n+000029d0: 616e 206f 6e65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 6974 an one image, it\n+000029e0: 2077 696c 6c20 7472 6561 740a 7468 656d will treat.them\n+000029f0: 2061 7320 6120 5241 4944 2073 6574 292c as a RAID set),\n+00002a00: 2061 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 7074 and also accept\n+00002a10: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 s the following \n+00002a20: 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 options:.....--h\n+00002a30: 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e elp.... Prin\n+00002a40: 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 t a summary of t\n+00002a50: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 he command-line \n+00002a60: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 options and exit\n+00002a70: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 ......--version.\n+00002a80: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 ... Print th\n+00002a90: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n+00002aa0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 of GRUB and exi\n+00002ab0: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 43e2 8099 0ae2 8098 t......-C.......\n+00002ac0: 2d2d 6372 7970 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 --crypto.... \n+00002ad0: 204d 6f75 6e74 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 Mount encrypted\n+00002ae0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7072 6f6d 7074 devices, prompt\n+00002af0: 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 7061 7373 7068 ing for a passph\n+00002b00: 7261 7365 2069 6620 6e65 6365 7373 6172 rase if necessar\n+00002b10: 792e 0a0a e280 982d 6420 5354 5249 4e47 y......-d STRING\n+00002b20: e280 990a e280 982d 2d64 6562 7567 3d53 .......--debug=S\n+00002b30: 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5368 TRING.... Sh\n+00002b40: 6f77 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 ow debugging out\n+00002b50: 7075 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e64 6974 696f put for conditio\n+00002b60: 6e73 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 5354 5249 ns matching STRI\n+00002b70: 4e47 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d4b 2070 726f 6d70 NG......-K promp\n+00002b80: 747c 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d 2d7a t|FILE.......--z\n+00002b90: 6673 2d6b 6579 3d70 726f 6d70 747c 4649 fs-key=prompt|FI\n+00002ba0: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 LE.... Load \n+00002bb0: 6120 5a46 5320 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e a ZFS encryption\n+00002bc0: 206b 6579 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 key. If you us\n+00002bd0: 6520 e280 9870 726f 6d70 74e2 8099 2061 e ...prompt... a\n+00002be0: 7320 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2c0a s the argument,.\n+00002bf0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 ...grub-mou\n+00002c00: 6e74 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 nt... will read \n+00002c10: 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2066 726f a passphrase fro\n+00002c20: 6d20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 3b20 m the terminal; \n+00002c30: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a20 2020 2020 otherwise,. \n+00002c40: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 206b 6579 it will read key\n+00002c50: 206d 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6672 6f6d 2074 material from t\n+00002c60: 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c he specified fil\n+00002c70: 652e 0a0a e280 982d 7220 4445 5649 4345 e......-r DEVICE\n+00002c80: e280 990a e280 982d 2d72 6f6f 743d 4445 .......--root=DE\n+00002c90: 5649 4345 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 VICE.... Set\n+00002ca0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 726f 6f74 2064 the GRUB root d\n+00002cb0: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2044 4556 4943 452e evice to DEVICE.\n+00002cc0: 2020 596f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 206e 6f72 You do not nor\n+00002cd0: 6d61 6c6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 mally need to. \n+00002ce0: 2020 2073 6574 2074 6869 733b 20e2 8098 set this; ...\n+00002cf0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7769 grub-mount... wi\n+00002d00: 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 ll automatically\n+00002d10: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 set the root de\n+00002d20: 7669 6365 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 vice to. the\n+00002d30: 2072 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7570 root of the sup\n+00002d40: 706c 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 plied file syste\n+00002d50: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 4445 5649 m... If DEVI\n+00002d60: 4345 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 206e 756d CE is just a num\n+00002d70: 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2077 696c ber, then it wil\n+00002d80: 6c20 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 l be treated as \n+00002d90: 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 a partition. \n+00002da0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 7769 7468 696e 2074 number within t\n+00002db0: 6865 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 696d 6167 he supplied imag\n+00002dc0: 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 e. This means t\n+00002dd0: 6861 742c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 hat, if you have\n+00002de0: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 206f an. image o\n+00002df0: 6620 616e 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 736b f an entire disk\n+00002e00: 2069 6e20 e280 9864 6973 6b2e 696d 67e2 in ...disk.img.\n+00002e10: 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e .., then you can\n+00002e20: 2075 7365 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 use this. c\n+00002e30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e 7420 ommand to mount \n+00002e40: 6974 7320 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 its second parti\n+00002e50: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion:.. \n+00002e60: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2d72 2032 grub-mount -r 2\n+00002e70: 2064 6973 6b2e 696d 6720 6d6f 756e 742d disk.img mount-\n+00002e80: 706f 696e 740a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a point.....-v....\n+00002e90: e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a ...--verbose....\n+00002ea0: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f Print verbo\n+00002eb0: 7365 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a se messages.....\n+00002ec0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00002ed0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n+00002ee0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 grub-probe, Ne\n+00002ef0: 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 xt: Invoking gru\n+00002f00: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 b-script-check, \n+00002f10: 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Prev: Invoking \n+00002f20: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a grub-mount, Up:\n+00002f30: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n+00002f40: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3720 496e 766f ities..24.7 Invo\n+00002f50: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 650a king grub-probe.\n 00002f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n-00002f80: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7072 6f62 ram ...grub-prob\n-00002f90: 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6265 7320 6465 7669 e... probes devi\n-00002fa0: 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 ce information f\n-00002fb0: 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 or a given path \n-00002fc0: 6f72 0a64 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 or.device... \n-00002fd0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 grub-probe --ta\n-00002fe0: 7267 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 rget=fs /boot/gr\n-00002ff0: 7562 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f ub. grub-pro\n-00003000: 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6472 6976 be --target=driv\n-00003010: 6520 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 202f 6465 762f e --device /dev/\n-00003020: 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 sda1.. ...grub\n-00003030: 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 6d75 7374 2062 -probe... must b\n-00003040: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7061 7468 206f e given a path o\n-00003050: 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 6120 6e6f r device as a no\n-00003060: 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e n-option argumen\n-00003070: 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 t,.and also acce\n-00003080: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n-00003090: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n-000030a0: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n-000030b0: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n-000030c0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-000030d0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n-000030e0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n-000030f0: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... Print \n-00003100: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n-00003110: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n-00003120: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 64e2 8099 0ae2 xit......-d.....\n-00003130: 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 e280 990a 2020 ..--device.... \n-00003140: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n-00003150: 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e n is given, then\n-00003160: 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 the non-option \n-00003170: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 7379 argument is a sy\n-00003180: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 stem. device\n-00003190: 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 20e2 name (such as .\n-000031a0: 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 31e2 8099 292c ../dev/sda1...),\n-000031b0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f and ...grub-pro\n-000031c0: 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 be... will print\n-000031d0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n-000031e0: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 2064 6576 n about that dev\n-000031f0: 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 206e ice. If it is n\n-00003200: 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2074 ot given, then t\n-00003210: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 he. non-opti\n-00003220: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 on argument is a\n-00003230: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 filesystem path\n-00003240: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 982f 626f (such as .../bo\n-00003250: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 292c 0a20 2020 ot/grub...),. \n-00003260: 2020 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 7072 and ...grub-pr\n-00003270: 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e obe... will prin\n-00003280: 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 t information ab\n-00003290: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2063 out the device c\n-000032a0: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 ontaining. t\n-000032b0: 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 hat part of the \n-000032c0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 filesystem......\n-000032d0: 2d6d 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d -m FILE.......--\n-000032e0: 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 494c 45e2 device-map=FILE.\n-000032f0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 ... Use FILE\n-00003300: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d as the device m\n-00003310: 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 ap (*note Device\n-00003320: 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 6572 2074 map::) rather t\n-00003330: 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 han the. def\n-00003340: 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 e280 ault, usually ..\n-00003350: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6465 7669 ./boot/grub/devi\n-00003360: 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 992e 0a0a e280 982d ce.map.........-\n-00003370: 7420 5441 5247 4554 e280 990a e280 982d t TARGET.......-\n-00003380: 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 5247 4554 e280 -target=TARGET..\n-00003390: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2069 6e66 .. Print inf\n-000033a0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 ormation about t\n-000033b0: 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 6f72 he given path or\n-000033c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2064 6566 696e device as defin\n-000033d0: 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2054 4152 4745 ed by. TARGE\n-000033e0: 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c T. The availabl\n-000033f0: 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 616e 6420 7468 e targets and th\n-00003400: 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e 6773 2061 7265 eir meanings are\n-00003410: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 73e2 8099 :.. ...fs...\n-00003420: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 . GRUB \n-00003430: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 756c filesystem modul\n-00003440: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f 7575 e.. ...fs_uu\n-00003450: 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id.... \n-00003460: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 6e69 7665 Filesystem Unive\n-00003470: 7273 616c 6c79 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 rsally Unique Id\n-00003480: 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 292e entifier (UUID).\n-00003490: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f 6c61 6265 . ...fs_labe\n-000034a0: 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 l.... F\n-000034b0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c2e ilesystem label.\n-000034c0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 7269 7665 e280 . ...drive..\n-000034d0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 .. GRUB\n-000034e0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 2020 device name.. \n-000034f0: 2020 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 e280 990a ...device....\n-00003500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 656d System\n-00003510: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 2020 device name.. \n-00003520: 2020 20e2 8098 7061 7274 6d61 70e2 8099 ...partmap...\n-00003530: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 . GRUB \n-00003540: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7020 6d6f partition map mo\n-00003550: 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6162 dule.. ...ab\n-00003560: 7374 7261 6374 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 straction.... \n-00003570: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6162 7374 GRUB abst\n-00003580: 7261 6374 696f 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 raction module (\n-00003590: 652e 672e 2020 e280 986c 766d e280 9929 e.g. ...lvm...)\n-000035a0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 7970 746f .. ...crypto\n-000035b0: 6469 736b 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 disk_uuid.... \n-000035c0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 7279 7074 6f20 6465 Crypto de\n-000035d0: 7669 6365 2055 5549 442e 0a20 2020 2020 vice UUID.. \n-000035e0: e280 986d 7364 6f73 5f70 6172 7474 7970 ...msdos_parttyp\n-000035f0: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d e.... M\n-00003600: 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 BR partition typ\n-00003610: 6520 636f 6465 2028 7477 6f20 6865 7861 e code (two hexa\n-00003620: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 292e decimal digits).\n-00003630: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9868 696e 7473 5f73 . ...hints_s\n-00003640: 7472 696e 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tring.... \n-00003650: 2020 2041 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 2070 A string of p\n-00003660: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7365 6172 6368 2068 latform search h\n-00003670: 696e 7473 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f ints suitable fo\n-00003680: 7220 7061 7373 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 r passing to the\n-00003690: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 . ...se\n-000036a0: 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 arch... command \n-000036b0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 (*note search::)\n-000036c0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6269 6f73 5f68 .. ...bios_h\n-000036d0: 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints.... \n-000036e0: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n-000036f0: 6f72 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 or the PC BIOS p\n-00003700: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 latform.. ..\n-00003710: 9869 6565 6531 3237 355f 6869 6e74 73e2 .ieee1275_hints.\n-00003720: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 ... Sea\n-00003730: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 rch hints for th\n-00003740: 6520 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 6c61 7466 e IEEE1275 platf\n-00003750: 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 6172 orm.. ...bar\n-00003760: 656d 6574 616c 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a emetal_hints....\n-00003770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 Search\n-00003780: 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 hints for platf\n-00003790: 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2064 6973 6b73 orms where disks\n-000037a0: 2061 7265 2061 6464 7265 7373 6564 2064 are addressed d\n-000037b0: 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 irectly. \n-000037c0: 2020 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7669 rather than vi\n-000037d0: 6120 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 a firmware.. \n-000037e0: 20e2 8098 6566 695f 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 ...efi_hints...\n-000037f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 . Searc\n-00003800: 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 h hints for the \n-00003810: 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 EFI platform.. \n-00003820: 2020 20e2 8098 6172 635f 6869 6e74 73e2 ...arc_hints.\n-00003830: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 ... Sea\n-00003840: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 rch hints for th\n-00003850: 6520 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a e ARC platform..\n-00003860: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ...compatib\n-00003870: 696c 6974 795f 6869 6e74 e280 990a 2020 ility_hint.... \n-00003880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 6775 6573 7320 A guess \n-00003890: 6174 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 at a reasonable \n-000038a0: 4752 5542 2064 7269 7665 206e 616d 6520 GRUB drive name \n-000038b0: 666f 7220 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 652c for this device,\n-000038c0: 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 which. \n-000038d0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 may be used as \n-000038e0: 6120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2069 6620 7468 a fallback if th\n-000038f0: 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 e ...search... c\n-00003900: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6169 6c73 2e0a 2020 ommand fails.. \n-00003910: 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b e280 990a 2020 ...disk.... \n-00003920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 656d 2064 System d\n-00003930: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 6f72 2074 evice name for t\n-00003940: 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a he whole disk...\n-00003950: e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 ...-v.......--ve\n-00003960: 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 rbose.... Pr\n-00003970: 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 int verbose mess\n-00003980: 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ages.....File: g\n-00003990: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000039a0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 Invoking grub-s\n-000039b0: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c 2020 5072 cript-check, Pr\n-000039c0: 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ev: Invoking gru\n-000039d0: 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 b-probe, Up: Us\n-000039e0: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n-000039f0: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e38 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.8 Invokin\n-00003a00: 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 g grub-script-ch\n-00003a10: 6563 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d eck.============\n+00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n+00002f80: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7072 ogram ...grub-pr\n+00002f90: 6f62 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6265 7320 6465 obe... probes de\n+00002fa0: 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e vice information\n+00002fb0: 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 for a given pat\n+00002fc0: 6820 6f72 0a64 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 h or.device... \n+00002fd0: 2020 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d grub-probe --\n+00002fe0: 7461 7267 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 6f6f 742f target=fs /boot/\n+00002ff0: 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 grub. grub-p\n+00003000: 726f 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6472 robe --target=dr\n+00003010: 6976 6520 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 202f 6465 ive --device /de\n+00003020: 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 v/sda1.. ...gr\n+00003030: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 6d75 7374 ub-probe... must\n+00003040: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7061 7468 be given a path\n+00003050: 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 6120 or device as a \n+00003060: 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d non-option argum\n+00003070: 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 ent,.and also ac\n+00003080: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n+00003090: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n+000030a0: 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .--help.... \n+000030b0: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n+000030c0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n+000030d0: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n+000030e0: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 exit......--vers\n+000030f0: 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e ion.... Prin\n+00003100: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n+00003110: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n+00003120: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 64e2 8099 exit......-d...\n+00003130: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 e280 990a ....--device....\n+00003140: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 If this opt\n+00003150: 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 ion is given, th\n+00003160: 656e 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f en the non-optio\n+00003170: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 n argument is a \n+00003180: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 system. devi\n+00003190: 6365 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 ce name (such as\n+000031a0: 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 31e2 8099 .../dev/sda1...\n+000031b0: 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 ), and ...grub-p\n+000031c0: 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 robe... will pri\n+000031d0: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 nt. informat\n+000031e0: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 2064 ion about that d\n+000031f0: 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 evice. If it is\n+00003200: 206e 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e not given, then\n+00003210: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 the. non-op\n+00003220: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 tion argument is\n+00003230: 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7061 a filesystem pa\n+00003240: 7468 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 982f th (such as .../\n+00003250: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 292c 0a20 boot/grub...),. \n+00003260: 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d and ...grub-\n+00003270: 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7072 probe... will pr\n+00003280: 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 int information \n+00003290: 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 about the device\n+000032a0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a 2020 2020 containing. \n+000032b0: 2074 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 that part of th\n+000032c0: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0ae2 e filesystem....\n+000032d0: 8098 2d6d 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 ..-m FILE.......\n+000032e0: 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 494c --device-map=FIL\n+000032f0: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 E.... Use FI\n+00003300: 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 LE as the device\n+00003310: 206d 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 map (*note Devi\n+00003320: 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 6572 ce map::) rather\n+00003330: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 than the. d\n+00003340: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 efault, usually \n+00003350: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6465 .../boot/grub/de\n+00003360: 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 992e 0a0a e280 vice.map........\n+00003370: 982d 7420 5441 5247 4554 e280 990a e280 .-t TARGET......\n+00003380: 982d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 5247 4554 .--target=TARGET\n+00003390: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2069 .... Print i\n+000033a0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 nformation about\n+000033b0: 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 the given path \n+000033c0: 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2064 6566 or device as def\n+000033d0: 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2054 4152 ined by. TAR\n+000033e0: 4745 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 GET. The availa\n+000033f0: 626c 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 616e 6420 ble targets and \n+00003400: 7468 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e 6773 2061 their meanings a\n+00003410: 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 73e2 re:.. ...fs.\n+00003420: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 ... GRU\n+00003430: 4220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 B filesystem mod\n+00003440: 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f ule.. ...fs_\n+00003450: 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 uuid.... \n+00003460: 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 6e69 Filesystem Uni\n+00003470: 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2055 6e69 7175 6520 versally Unique \n+00003480: 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 Identifier (UUID\n+00003490: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f 6c61 ).. ...fs_la\n+000034a0: 6265 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 bel.... \n+000034b0: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 Filesystem labe\n+000034c0: 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 7269 7665 l.. ...drive\n+000034d0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 .... GR\n+000034e0: 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a UB device name..\n+000034f0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 e280 ...device..\n+00003500: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 .. Syst\n+00003510: 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a em device name..\n+00003520: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7061 7274 6d61 70e2 ...partmap.\n+00003530: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 ... GRU\n+00003540: 4220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7020 B partition map \n+00003550: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 module.. ...\n+00003560: 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 abstraction.... \n+00003570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6162 GRUB ab\n+00003580: 7374 7261 6374 696f 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 straction module\n+00003590: 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 986c 766d e280 (e.g. ...lvm..\n+000035a0: 9929 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 7970 .).. ...cryp\n+000035b0: 746f 6469 736b 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 todisk_uuid.... \n+000035c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 7279 7074 6f20 Crypto \n+000035d0: 6465 7669 6365 2055 5549 442e 0a20 2020 device UUID.. \n+000035e0: 2020 e280 986d 7364 6f73 5f70 6172 7474 ...msdos_partt\n+000035f0: 7970 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ype.... \n+00003600: 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 MBR partition t\n+00003610: 7970 6520 636f 6465 2028 7477 6f20 6865 ype code (two he\n+00003620: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 xadecimal digits\n+00003630: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9868 696e 7473 ).. ...hints\n+00003640: 5f73 7472 696e 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _string.... \n+00003650: 2020 2020 2041 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 A string of\n+00003660: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7365 6172 6368 platform search\n+00003670: 2068 696e 7473 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 hints suitable \n+00003680: 666f 7220 7061 7373 696e 6720 746f 2074 for passing to t\n+00003690: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 8098 he. ...\n+000036a0: 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e search... comman\n+000036b0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a d (*note search:\n+000036c0: 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6269 6f73 :).. ...bios\n+000036d0: 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 _hints.... \n+000036e0: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 Search hints\n+000036f0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 for the PC BIOS\n+00003700: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 platform.. \n+00003710: e280 9869 6565 6531 3237 355f 6869 6e74 ...ieee1275_hint\n+00003720: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 s.... S\n+00003730: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n+00003740: 7468 6520 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 6c61 the IEEE1275 pla\n+00003750: 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 tform.. ...b\n+00003760: 6172 656d 6574 616c 5f68 696e 7473 e280 aremetal_hints..\n+00003770: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 .. Sear\n+00003780: 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 ch hints for pla\n+00003790: 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2064 6973 tforms where dis\n+000037a0: 6b73 2061 7265 2061 6464 7265 7373 6564 ks are addressed\n+000037b0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 2020 2020 directly. \n+000037c0: 2020 2020 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 rather than \n+000037d0: 7669 6120 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 via firmware.. \n+000037e0: 2020 20e2 8098 6566 695f 6869 6e74 73e2 ...efi_hints.\n+000037f0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 ... Sea\n+00003800: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 rch hints for th\n+00003810: 6520 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a e EFI platform..\n+00003820: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6172 635f 6869 6e74 ...arc_hint\n+00003830: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 s.... S\n+00003840: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n+00003850: 7468 6520 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d the ARC platform\n+00003860: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6d70 6174 .. ...compat\n+00003870: 6962 696c 6974 795f 6869 6e74 e280 990a ibility_hint....\n+00003880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 6775 6573 A gues\n+00003890: 7320 6174 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c s at a reasonabl\n+000038a0: 6520 4752 5542 2064 7269 7665 206e 616d e GRUB drive nam\n+000038b0: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 e for this devic\n+000038c0: 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e, which. \n+000038d0: 2020 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 may be used a\n+000038e0: 7320 6120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2069 6620 s a fallback if \n+000038f0: 7468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 the ...search...\n+00003900: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6169 6c73 2e0a command fails..\n+00003910: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b e280 990a ...disk....\n+00003920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 656d System\n+00003930: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 6f72 device name for\n+00003940: 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 6b2e the whole disk.\n+00003950: 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d .....-v.......--\n+00003960: 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 verbose.... \n+00003970: 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 Print verbose me\n+00003980: 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ssages.....File:\n+00003990: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000039a0: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n+000039b0: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c 2020 -script-check, \n+000039c0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Prev: Invoking g\n+000039d0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 rub-probe, Up: \n+000039e0: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+000039f0: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e38 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.8 Invok\n+00003a00: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d ing grub-script-\n+00003a10: 6368 6563 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d check.==========\n 00003a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00003a30: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n-00003a40: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d ...grub-script-\n-00003a50: 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2074 616b 6573 2061 check... takes a\n-00003a60: 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 696c GRUB script fil\n-00003a70: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 0a53 6865 6c6c 2d6c e (*note.Shell-l\n-00003a80: 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 ike scripting::)\n-00003a90: 2061 6e64 2063 6865 636b 7320 6974 2066 and checks it f\n-00003aa0: 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 726f 7273 or syntax errors\n-00003ab0: 2c20 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 0a63 6f6d , similar to.com\n-00003ac0: 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 mands such as ..\n-00003ad0: 9873 6820 2d6e e280 992e 2020 4974 206d .sh -n.... It m\n-00003ae0: 6179 2074 616b 6520 6120 5041 5448 2061 ay take a PATH a\n-00003af0: 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 s a non-option a\n-00003b00: 7267 756d 656e 743b 0a69 6620 6e6f 6e65 rgument;.if none\n-00003b10: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2c20 6974 is supplied, it\n-00003b20: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 will read from \n-00003b30: 7374 616e 6461 7264 2069 6e70 7574 2e0a standard input..\n-00003b40: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 . grub-scrip\n-00003b50: 742d 6368 6563 6b20 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 t-check /boot/gr\n-00003b60: 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a 0a20 2020 ub/grub.cfg.. \n-00003b70: e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 ...grub-script-c\n-00003b80: 6865 636b e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 heck... accepts \n-00003b90: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 the following op\n-00003ba0: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c tions:.....--hel\n-00003bb0: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 p.... Print \n-00003bc0: 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 a summary of the\n-00003bd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 command-line op\n-00003be0: 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a tions and exit..\n-00003bf0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 ....--version...\n-00003c00: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 . Print the \n-00003c10: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f version number o\n-00003c20: 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e f GRUB and exit.\n-00003c30: 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d .....-v.......--\n-00003c40: 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 verbose.... \n-00003c50: 5072 696e 7420 6561 6368 206c 696e 6520 Print each line \n-00003c60: 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2061 6674 6572 2072 of input after r\n-00003c70: 6561 6469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 eading it.....Fi\n-00003c80: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00003c90: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 Node: Obtaining \n-00003ca0: 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 and Building GRU\n-00003cb0: 422c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5265 706f 7274 B, Next: Report\n-00003cc0: 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2050 7265 763a ing bugs, Prev:\n-00003cd0: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00003ce0: 6974 6965 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a ities, Up: Top.\n-00003cf0: 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4120 486f 7720 .Appendix A How \n-00003d00: 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 6275 to obtain and bu\n-00003d10: 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ild GRUB.*******\n+00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n+00003a40: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 am ...grub-scrip\n+00003a50: 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2074 616b 6573 t-check... takes\n+00003a60: 2061 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 a GRUB script f\n+00003a70: 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 0a53 6865 6c6c ile (*note.Shell\n+00003a80: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a -like scripting:\n+00003a90: 3a29 2061 6e64 2063 6865 636b 7320 6974 :) and checks it\n+00003aa0: 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 726f for syntax erro\n+00003ab0: 7273 2c20 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 0a63 rs, similar to.c\n+00003ac0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 ommands such as \n+00003ad0: e280 9873 6820 2d6e e280 992e 2020 4974 ...sh -n.... It\n+00003ae0: 206d 6179 2074 616b 6520 6120 5041 5448 may take a PATH\n+00003af0: 2061 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e as a non-option\n+00003b00: 2061 7267 756d 656e 743b 0a69 6620 6e6f argument;.if no\n+00003b10: 6e65 2069 7320 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2c20 ne is supplied, \n+00003b20: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2066 726f it will read fro\n+00003b30: 6d20 7374 616e 6461 7264 2069 6e70 7574 m standard input\n+00003b40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d73 6372 ... grub-scr\n+00003b50: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b20 2f62 6f6f 742f ipt-check /boot/\n+00003b60: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a 0a20 grub/grub.cfg.. \n+00003b70: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 ...grub-script\n+00003b80: 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 -check... accept\n+00003b90: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 s the following \n+00003ba0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 options:.....--h\n+00003bb0: 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e elp.... Prin\n+00003bc0: 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 t a summary of t\n+00003bd0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 he command-line \n+00003be0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 options and exit\n+00003bf0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 ......--version.\n+00003c00: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 ... Print th\n+00003c10: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n+00003c20: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 of GRUB and exi\n+00003c30: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 t......-v.......\n+00003c40: 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 --verbose.... \n+00003c50: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6561 6368 206c 696e Print each lin\n+00003c60: 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2061 6674 6572 e of input after\n+00003c70: 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a 1f0a reading it.....\n+00003c80: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00003c90: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e Node: Obtainin\n+00003ca0: 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 g and Building G\n+00003cb0: 5255 422c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5265 706f RUB, Next: Repo\n+00003cc0: 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2050 7265 rting bugs, Pre\n+00003cd0: 763a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 v: User-space ut\n+00003ce0: 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ilities, Up: To\n+00003cf0: 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4120 486f p..Appendix A Ho\n+00003d00: 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 w to obtain and \n+00003d10: 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a build GRUB.*****\n 00003d20: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00003d30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00003d40: 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a .. *Caution:\n-00003d50: 2a20 4752 5542 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 * GRUB requires \n-00003d60: 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2d32 2e39 2e31 2e30 binutils-2.9.1.0\n-00003d70: 2e32 3320 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2062 6563 .23 or later bec\n-00003d80: 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 474e ause the. GN\n-00003d90: 5520 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 6861 7320 U assembler has \n-00003da0: 6265 656e 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2073 6f20 been changed so \n-00003db0: 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7072 6f64 that it can prod\n-00003dc0: 7563 6520 7265 616c 2031 3662 6974 730a uce real 16bits.\n-00003dd0: 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2063 6f64 machine cod\n-00003de0: 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 322e 392e 3120 e between 2.9.1 \n-00003df0: 616e 6420 322e 392e 312e 302e 782e 2020 and 2.9.1.0.x. \n-00003e00: 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 6874 7470 3a2f See. , \n-00003e30: 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 696e 666f 726d to obtain inform\n-00003e40: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2068 6f77 0a20 2020 ation on how. \n-00003e50: 2020 746f 2067 6574 2074 6865 206c 6174 to get the lat\n-00003e60: 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 est version... \n-00003e70: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 GRUB is availab\n-00003e80: 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 474e 5520 le from the GNU \n-00003e90: 616c 7068 6120 6172 6368 6976 6520 7369 alpha archive si\n-00003ea0: 7465 0a3c 6674 703a 2f2f 6674 702e 676e te. \n-00003ec0: 6f72 2061 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 6d69 or any of its mi\n-00003ed0: 7272 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 rrors. The file\n-00003ee0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a6e 616d 6564 2067 will be.named g\n-00003ef0: 7275 622d 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 7461 722e rub-version.tar.\n-00003f00: 677a 2e20 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 gz. The current\n-00003f10: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 322e 3132 version is 2.12\n-00003f20: 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 796f , so the file yo\n-00003f30: 750a 7368 6f75 6c64 2067 7261 6220 6973 u.should grab is\n-00003f40: 3a0a 0a20 2020 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 7470 :.. .. To unbun\n-00003f80: 646c 6520 4752 5542 2075 7365 2074 6865 dle GRUB use the\n-00003f90: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 instruction:.. \n-00003fa0: 2020 2020 7a63 6174 2067 7275 622d 322e zcat grub-2.\n-00003fb0: 3132 2e74 6172 2e67 7a20 7c20 7461 7220 12.tar.gz | tar \n-00003fc0: 7876 6620 2d0a 0a20 2020 7768 6963 6820 xvf -.. which \n-00003fd0: 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 6469 will create a di\n-00003fe0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 rectory called .\n-00003ff0: 8098 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 32e2 8099 2077 ..grub-2.12... w\n-00004000: 6974 6820 616c 6c20 7468 650a 736f 7572 ith all the.sour\n-00004010: 6365 732e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f ces. You can lo\n-00004020: 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 ok at the file .\n-00004030: 8098 494e 5354 414c 4ce2 8099 2066 6f72 ..INSTALL... for\n-00004040: 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e 7374 7275 detailed instru\n-00004050: 6374 696f 6e73 0a6f 6e20 686f 7720 746f ctions.on how to\n-00004060: 2062 7569 6c64 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 7461 build and insta\n-00004070: 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 ll GRUB, but you\n-00004080: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 should be able \n-00004090: 746f 206a 7573 7420 646f 3a0a 0a20 2020 to just do:.. \n-000040a0: 2020 6364 2067 7275 622d 322e 3132 0a20 cd grub-2.12. \n-000040b0: 2020 2020 2e2f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 650a ./configure.\n-000040c0: 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 696e 7374 616c make instal\n-000040d0: 6c0a 0a20 2020 416c 736f 2c20 7468 6520 l.. Also, the \n-000040e0: 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 latest version i\n-000040f0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7573 696e s available usin\n-00004100: 6720 4769 742e 2020 5365 650a 3c68 7474 g Git. See. for more.infor\n-00004150: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mation.....File:\n-00004160: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00004170: 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 e: Reporting bug\n-00004180: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4675 7475 7265 s, Next: Future\n-00004190: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 , Prev: Obtaini\n-000041a0: 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 ng and Building \n-000041b0: 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a GRUB, Up: Top..\n-000041c0: 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2042 2052 6570 6f72 Appendix B Repor\n-000041d0: 7469 6e67 2062 7567 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ting bugs.******\n+00003d40: 2a2a 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f **.. *Cautio\n+00003d50: 6e3a 2a20 4752 5542 2072 6571 7569 7265 n:* GRUB require\n+00003d60: 7320 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2d32 2e39 2e31 s binutils-2.9.1\n+00003d70: 2e30 2e32 3320 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2062 .0.23 or later b\n+00003d80: 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ecause the. \n+00003d90: 474e 5520 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 6861 GNU assembler ha\n+00003da0: 7320 6265 656e 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2073 s been changed s\n+00003db0: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7072 o that it can pr\n+00003dc0: 6f64 7563 6520 7265 616c 2031 3662 6974 oduce real 16bit\n+00003dd0: 730a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2063 s. machine c\n+00003de0: 6f64 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 322e 392e ode between 2.9.\n+00003df0: 3120 616e 6420 322e 392e 312e 302e 782e 1 and 2.9.1.0.x.\n+00003e00: 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 6874 7470 See. \n+00003e30: 2c20 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 696e 666f , to obtain info\n+00003e40: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2068 6f77 0a20 rmation on how. \n+00003e50: 2020 2020 746f 2067 6574 2074 6865 206c to get the l\n+00003e60: 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 0a0a atest version...\n+00003e70: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7661 696c GRUB is avail\n+00003e80: 6162 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 474e able from the GN\n+00003e90: 5520 616c 7068 6120 6172 6368 6976 6520 U alpha archive \n+00003ea0: 7369 7465 0a3c 6674 703a 2f2f 6674 702e site. or any of its \n+00003ed0: 6d69 7272 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6520 6669 mirrors. The fi\n+00003ee0: 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a6e 616d 6564 le will be.named\n+00003ef0: 2067 7275 622d 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 7461 grub-version.ta\n+00003f00: 722e 677a 2e20 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 r.gz. The curre\n+00003f10: 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 322e nt version is 2.\n+00003f20: 3132 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 12, so the file \n+00003f30: 796f 750a 7368 6f75 6c64 2067 7261 6220 you.should grab \n+00003f40: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 is:.. .. To unb\n+00003f80: 756e 646c 6520 4752 5542 2075 7365 2074 undle GRUB use t\n+00003f90: 6865 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 3a0a he instruction:.\n+00003fa0: 0a20 2020 2020 7a63 6174 2067 7275 622d . zcat grub-\n+00003fb0: 322e 3132 2e74 6172 2e67 7a20 7c20 7461 2.12.tar.gz | ta\n+00003fc0: 7220 7876 6620 2d0a 0a20 2020 7768 6963 r xvf -.. whic\n+00003fd0: 6820 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 h will create a \n+00003fe0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 directory called\n+00003ff0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 32e2 8099 ...grub-2.12...\n+00004000: 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 7468 650a 736f with all the.so\n+00004010: 7572 6365 732e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 urces. You can \n+00004020: 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 6669 6c65 look at the file\n+00004030: 20e2 8098 494e 5354 414c 4ce2 8099 2066 ...INSTALL... f\n+00004040: 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e 7374 or detailed inst\n+00004050: 7275 6374 696f 6e73 0a6f 6e20 686f 7720 ructions.on how \n+00004060: 746f 2062 7569 6c64 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 to build and ins\n+00004070: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 2079 tall GRUB, but y\n+00004080: 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c ou should be abl\n+00004090: 6520 746f 206a 7573 7420 646f 3a0a 0a20 e to just do:.. \n+000040a0: 2020 2020 6364 2067 7275 622d 322e 3132 cd grub-2.12\n+000040b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2e2f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 . ./configur\n+000040c0: 650a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 696e 7374 e. make inst\n+000040d0: 616c 6c0a 0a20 2020 416c 736f 2c20 7468 all.. Also, th\n+000040e0: 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e e latest version\n+000040f0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7573 is available us\n+00004100: 696e 6720 4769 742e 2020 5365 650a 3c68 ing Git. See. for more.inf\n+00004150: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n+00004160: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00004170: 6f64 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 ode: Reporting b\n+00004180: 7567 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4675 7475 ugs, Next: Futu\n+00004190: 7265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 6274 6169 re, Prev: Obtai\n+000041a0: 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e ning and Buildin\n+000041b0: 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 g GRUB, Up: Top\n+000041c0: 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2042 2052 6570 ..Appendix B Rep\n+000041d0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 730a 2a2a 2a2a orting bugs.****\n 000041e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000041f0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 7365 2061 7265 2074 ***..These are t\n-00004200: 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 he guideline for\n-00004210: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 706f 7274 2062 how to report b\n-00004220: 7567 732e 2020 5461 6b65 2061 206c 6f6f ugs. Take a loo\n-00004230: 6b20 6174 2074 6869 730a 6c69 7374 2062 k at this.list b\n-00004240: 656c 6f77 2062 6566 6f72 6520 796f 7520 elow before you \n-00004250: 7375 626d 6974 2062 7567 733a 0a0a 2020 submit bugs:.. \n-00004260: 312e 2042 6566 6f72 6520 6765 7474 696e 1. Before gettin\n-00004270: 6720 756e 7365 7474 6c65 642c 2072 6561 g unsettled, rea\n-00004280: 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 7468 d this manual th\n-00004290: 726f 7567 6820 616e 6420 7468 726f 7567 rough and throug\n-000042a0: 682e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 7365 h.. Also, se\n-000042b0: 6520 7468 6520 474e 5520 4752 5542 2046 e the GNU GRUB F\n-000042c0: 4151 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 703a 2f2f AQ. (http://\n-000042d0: 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 www.gnu.org/soft\n-000042e0: 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2d66 ware/grub/grub-f\n-000042f0: 6171 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 aq.html)... 2. \n-00004300: 416c 7761 7973 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 Always mention t\n-00004310: 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f he information o\n-00004320: 6e20 796f 7572 2047 5255 422e 2054 6865 n your GRUB. The\n-00004330: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n-00004340: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e and. the con\n-00004350: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 7265 2071 figuration are q\n-00004360: 7569 7465 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2e20 uite important. \n-00004370: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6275 696c 6420 6974 If you build it\n-00004380: 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662c 0a20 2020 2020 yourself,. \n-00004390: 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e write the option\n-000043a0: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 2074 s specified to t\n-000043b0: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2073 6372 he configure scr\n-000043c0: 6970 7420 616e 6420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 ipt and your. \n-000043d0: 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 operating syst\n-000043e0: 656d 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 em, including th\n-000043f0: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e73 206f 6620 6763 e versions of gc\n-00004400: 6320 616e 6420 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2e0a c and binutils..\n-00004410: 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 . 3. If you hav\n-00004420: 6520 7472 6f75 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 e trouble with t\n-00004430: 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c he installation,\n-00004440: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d20 7573 206f 6620 686f inform us of ho\n-00004450: 7720 796f 750a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 w you. insta\n-00004460: 6c6c 6564 2047 5255 422e 2044 6f6e 2774 lled GRUB. Don't\n-00004470: 206f 6d69 7420 6572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 omit error mess\n-00004480: 6167 6573 2c20 6966 2061 6e79 2e20 204a ages, if any. J\n-00004490: 7573 7420 e280 9847 5255 420a 2020 2020 ust ...GRUB. \n-000044a0: 2068 616e 6773 2075 7020 7768 656e 2069 hangs up when i\n-000044b0: 7420 626f 6f74 73e2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f t boots... is no\n-000044c0: 7420 656e 6f75 6768 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 t enough... \n-000044d0: 5468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 The information \n-000044e0: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 on your hardware\n-000044f0: 2069 7320 616c 736f 2065 7373 656e 7469 is also essenti\n-00004500: 616c 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2061 7265 0a20 al. These are. \n-00004510: 2020 2020 6573 7065 6369 616c 6c79 2069 especially i\n-00004520: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 3a20 7468 6520 6765 mportant: the ge\n-00004530: 6f6d 6574 7269 6573 2061 6e64 2074 6865 ometries and the\n-00004540: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n-00004550: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7572 2068 s of. your h\n-00004560: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 ard disk drives \n-00004570: 616e 6420 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a and your BIOS...\n-00004580: 2020 342e 2049 6620 4752 5542 2063 616e 4. If GRUB can\n-00004590: 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 not boot your op\n-000045a0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 erating system, \n-000045b0: 7772 6974 6520 646f 776e 205f 6576 6572 write down _ever\n-000045c0: 7974 6869 6e67 5f0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 ything_. you\n-000045d0: 2073 6565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 see on the scre\n-000045e0: 656e 2e20 2044 6f6e 2774 2070 6172 6170 en. Don't parap\n-000045f0: 6872 6173 6520 7468 656d 2c20 6c69 6b65 hrase them, like\n-00004600: 20e2 8098 5468 6520 666f 6f20 4f53 0a20 ...The foo OS. \n-00004610: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 7769 7468 crashes with\n-00004620: 2047 5255 422c 2065 7665 6e20 7468 6f75 GRUB, even thou\n-00004630: 6768 2069 7420 6361 6e20 626f 6f74 2077 gh it can boot w\n-00004640: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7220 626f 6f74 ith the bar boot\n-00004650: 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2020 2020 206a 7573 loader. jus\n-00004660: 7420 6669 6e65 e280 992e 2020 4d65 6e74 t fine.... Ment\n-00004670: 696f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ion the commands\n-00004680: 2079 6f75 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2074 you executed, t\n-00004690: 6865 206d 6573 7361 6765 730a 2020 2020 he messages. \n-000046a0: 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 656d printed by them\n-000046b0: 2c20 616e 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f , and informatio\n-000046c0: 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 n on your operat\n-000046d0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e63 6c75 ing system inclu\n-000046e0: 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7665 ding. the ve\n-000046f0: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2e0a 0a20 rsion number... \n-00004700: 2035 2e20 4578 706c 6169 6e20 7768 6174 5. Explain what\n-00004710: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7465 6420 746f 2064 you wanted to d\n-00004720: 6f2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7665 7279 2075 o. It is very u\n-00004730: 7365 6675 6c20 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 796f seful to know yo\n-00004740: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7075 7270 6f73 6520 ur. purpose \n-00004750: 616e 6420 796f 7572 2077 6973 682c 2061 and your wish, a\n-00004760: 6e64 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 6469 646e nd how GRUB didn\n-00004770: 2774 2073 6174 6973 6679 2079 6f75 2e0a 't satisfy you..\n-00004780: 0a20 2036 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2063 616e . 6. If you can\n-00004790: 2069 6e76 6573 7469 6761 7465 2074 6865 investigate the\n-000047a0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 7273 656c problem yoursel\n-000047b0: 662c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f 2e20 2054 f, please do. T\n-000047c0: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 hat will. gi\n-000047d0: 7665 2079 6f75 2061 6e64 2075 7320 6d75 ve you and us mu\n-000047e0: 6368 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 ch more informat\n-000047f0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c ion on the probl\n-00004800: 656d 2e20 2041 7474 6163 6869 6e67 2061 em. Attaching a\n-00004810: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 6973 2065 . patch is e\n-00004820: 7665 6e20 6265 7474 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 ven better... \n-00004830: 2020 5768 656e 2079 6f75 2061 7474 6163 When you attac\n-00004840: 6820 6120 7061 7463 682c 206d 616b 6520 h a patch, make \n-00004850: 7468 6520 7061 7463 6820 696e 2075 6e69 the patch in uni\n-00004860: 6669 6564 2064 6966 6620 666f 726d 6174 fied diff format\n-00004870: 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2077 7269 7465 , and. write\n-00004880: 2043 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 2065 6e74 7269 ChangeLog entri\n-00004890: 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2c20 6576 656e 2077 es. But, even w\n-000048a0: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 hen you make a p\n-000048b0: 6174 6368 2c20 646f 6e27 740a 2020 2020 atch, don't. \n-000048c0: 2066 6f72 6765 7420 746f 2065 7870 6c61 forget to expla\n-000048d0: 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2c20 in the problem, \n-000048e0: 736f 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e 2075 so that we can u\n-000048f0: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7768 6174 2079 nderstand what y\n-00004900: 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 2069 our. patch i\n-00004910: 7320 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 372e 2057 7269 s for... 7. Wri\n-00004920: 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 616e 7974 6869 6e67 te down anything\n-00004930: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 7468 696e 6b20 that you think \n-00004940: 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2072 656c 6174 6564 might be related\n-00004950: 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 2075 . Please. u\n-00004960: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7468 6174 2077 nderstand that w\n-00004970: 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 e often need to \n-00004980: 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7468 6520 7361 reproduce the sa\n-00004990: 6d65 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 0a20 me problem you. \n-000049a0: 2020 2020 656e 636f 756e 7465 7265 6420 encountered \n-000049b0: 696e 206f 7572 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 in our environme\n-000049c0: 6e74 2e20 2053 6f20 796f 7572 2069 6e66 nt. So your inf\n-000049d0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 ormation should \n-000049e0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6963 6965 be. sufficie\n-000049f0: 6e74 2066 6f72 2075 7320 746f 2064 6f20 nt for us to do \n-00004a00: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 6869 6e67 2d2d the same thing--\n-00004a10: 446f 6e27 7420 666f 7267 6574 2074 6861 Don't forget tha\n-00004a20: 7420 7765 2063 616e 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 t we cannot. \n-00004a30: 2073 6565 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 see your comput\n-00004a40: 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 4966 er directly. If\n-00004a50: 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 7572 you are not sur\n-00004a60: 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 746f 2073 7461 e whether to sta\n-00004a70: 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6374 206f te a. fact o\n-00004a80: 7220 6c65 6176 6520 6974 206f 7574 2c20 r leave it out, \n-00004a90: 7374 6174 6520 6974 2120 2052 6570 6f72 state it! Repor\n-00004aa0: 7469 6e67 2074 6f6f 206d 616e 7920 7468 ting too many th\n-00004ab0: 696e 6773 2069 7320 6d75 6368 0a20 2020 ings is much. \n-00004ac0: 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f6d better than om\n-00004ad0: 6974 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 itting something\n-00004ae0: 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 important... \n-00004af0: 4966 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7468 If you follow th\n-00004b00: 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 6162 6f76 e guideline abov\n-00004b10: 652c 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 706f e, submit a repo\n-00004b20: 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4275 670a 5472 rt to the Bug.Tr\n-00004b30: 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d20 2868 acking System (h\n-00004b40: 7474 703a 2f2f 7361 7661 6e6e 6168 2e67 ttp://savannah.g\n-00004b50: 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f62 7567 732f 3f67 726f nu.org/bugs/?gro\n-00004b60: 7570 3d67 7275 6229 2e0a 416c 7465 726e up=grub)..Altern\n-00004b70: 6174 6976 656c 792c 2079 6f75 2063 616e atively, you can\n-00004b80: 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 706f 7274 submit a report\n-00004b90: 2076 6961 2065 6c65 6374 726f 6e69 6320 via electronic \n-00004ba0: 6d61 696c 2074 6f0a 3c62 7567 2d67 7275 mail to., but \n-00004bc0: 7765 2073 7472 6f6e 676c 7920 7265 636f we strongly reco\n-00004bd0: 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2075 mmend that you u\n-00004be0: 7365 2074 6865 2042 7567 0a54 7261 636b se the Bug.Track\n-00004bf0: 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d 2c20 6265 6361 ing System, beca\n-00004c00: 7573 6520 652d 6d61 696c 2063 616e 2062 use e-mail can b\n-00004c10: 6520 7061 7373 6564 206f 7665 7220 6561 e passed over ea\n-00004c20: 7369 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 6365 2077 sily... Once w\n-00004c30: 6520 6765 7420 796f 7572 2072 6570 6f72 e get your repor\n-00004c40: 742c 2077 6520 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 t, we will try t\n-00004c50: 6f20 6669 7820 7468 6520 6275 6773 2e0a o fix the bugs..\n-00004c60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00004c70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 7574 7572 fo, Node: Futur\n-00004c80: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7079 696e e, Next: Copyin\n-00004c90: 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 g This Manual, \n-00004ca0: 5072 6576 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 Prev: Reporting \n-00004cb0: 6275 6773 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a bugs, Up: Top..\n-00004cc0: 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2043 2057 6865 7265 Appendix C Where\n-00004cd0: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 6f0a 2a2a GRUB will go.**\n+000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 7365 2061 7265 *****..These are\n+00004200: 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 2066 the guideline f\n+00004210: 6f72 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 706f 7274 or how to report\n+00004220: 2062 7567 732e 2020 5461 6b65 2061 206c bugs. Take a l\n+00004230: 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6869 730a 6c69 7374 ook at this.list\n+00004240: 2062 656c 6f77 2062 6566 6f72 6520 796f below before yo\n+00004250: 7520 7375 626d 6974 2062 7567 733a 0a0a u submit bugs:..\n+00004260: 2020 312e 2042 6566 6f72 6520 6765 7474 1. Before gett\n+00004270: 696e 6720 756e 7365 7474 6c65 642c 2072 ing unsettled, r\n+00004280: 6561 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 ead this manual \n+00004290: 7468 726f 7567 6820 616e 6420 7468 726f through and thro\n+000042a0: 7567 682e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 ugh.. Also, \n+000042b0: 7365 6520 7468 6520 474e 5520 4752 5542 see the GNU GRUB\n+000042c0: 2046 4151 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 703a FAQ. (http:\n+000042d0: 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f //www.gnu.org/so\n+000042e0: 6674 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 ftware/grub/grub\n+000042f0: 2d66 6171 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2032 -faq.html)... 2\n+00004300: 2e20 416c 7761 7973 206d 656e 7469 6f6e . Always mention\n+00004310: 2074 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e the information\n+00004320: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2047 5255 422e 2054 on your GRUB. T\n+00004330: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n+00004340: 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 r and. the c\n+00004350: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 7265 onfiguration are\n+00004360: 2071 7569 7465 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 quite important\n+00004370: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6275 696c 6420 . If you build \n+00004380: 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662c 0a20 2020 it yourself,. \n+00004390: 2020 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 6f70 7469 write the opti\n+000043a0: 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f ons specified to\n+000043b0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2073 the configure s\n+000043c0: 6372 6970 7420 616e 6420 796f 7572 0a20 cript and your. \n+000043d0: 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 operating sy\n+000043e0: 7374 656d 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 stem, including \n+000043f0: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e73 206f 6620 the versions of \n+00004400: 6763 6320 616e 6420 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 gcc and binutils\n+00004410: 2e0a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2068 ... 3. If you h\n+00004420: 6176 6520 7472 6f75 626c 6520 7769 7468 ave trouble with\n+00004430: 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f the installatio\n+00004440: 6e2c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d20 7573 206f 6620 n, inform us of \n+00004450: 686f 7720 796f 750a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 how you. ins\n+00004460: 7461 6c6c 6564 2047 5255 422e 2044 6f6e talled GRUB. Don\n+00004470: 2774 206f 6d69 7420 6572 726f 7220 6d65 't omit error me\n+00004480: 7373 6167 6573 2c20 6966 2061 6e79 2e20 ssages, if any. \n+00004490: 204a 7573 7420 e280 9847 5255 420a 2020 Just ...GRUB. \n+000044a0: 2020 2068 616e 6773 2075 7020 7768 656e hangs up when\n+000044b0: 2069 7420 626f 6f74 73e2 8099 2069 7320 it boots... is \n+000044c0: 6e6f 7420 656e 6f75 6768 2e0a 0a20 2020 not enough... \n+000044d0: 2020 5468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f The informatio\n+000044e0: 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 n on your hardwa\n+000044f0: 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 2065 7373 656e re is also essen\n+00004500: 7469 616c 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2061 7265 tial. These are\n+00004510: 0a20 2020 2020 6573 7065 6369 616c 6c79 . especially\n+00004520: 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 3a20 7468 6520 important: the \n+00004530: 6765 6f6d 6574 7269 6573 2061 6e64 2074 geometries and t\n+00004540: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 he partition tab\n+00004550: 6c65 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7572 les of. your\n+00004560: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 hard disk drive\n+00004570: 7320 616e 6420 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e s and your BIOS.\n+00004580: 0a0a 2020 342e 2049 6620 4752 5542 2063 .. 4. If GRUB c\n+00004590: 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 annot boot your \n+000045a0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+000045b0: 2c20 7772 6974 6520 646f 776e 205f 6576 , write down _ev\n+000045c0: 6572 7974 6869 6e67 5f0a 2020 2020 2079 erything_. y\n+000045d0: 6f75 2073 6565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 ou see on the sc\n+000045e0: 7265 656e 2e20 2044 6f6e 2774 2070 6172 reen. Don't par\n+000045f0: 6170 6872 6173 6520 7468 656d 2c20 6c69 aphrase them, li\n+00004600: 6b65 20e2 8098 5468 6520 666f 6f20 4f53 ke ...The foo OS\n+00004610: 0a20 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 7769 . crashes wi\n+00004620: 7468 2047 5255 422c 2065 7665 6e20 7468 th GRUB, even th\n+00004630: 6f75 6768 2069 7420 6361 6e20 626f 6f74 ough it can boot\n+00004640: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7220 626f with the bar bo\n+00004650: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2020 2020 206a ot loader. j\n+00004660: 7573 7420 6669 6e65 e280 992e 2020 4d65 ust fine.... Me\n+00004670: 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ntion the comman\n+00004680: 6473 2079 6f75 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c ds you executed,\n+00004690: 2074 6865 206d 6573 7361 6765 730a 2020 the messages. \n+000046a0: 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 printed by th\n+000046b0: 656d 2c20 616e 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 em, and informat\n+000046c0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 ion on your oper\n+000046d0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e63 ating system inc\n+000046e0: 6c75 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 luding. the \n+000046f0: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2e0a version number..\n+00004700: 0a20 2035 2e20 4578 706c 6169 6e20 7768 . 5. Explain wh\n+00004710: 6174 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7465 6420 746f at you wanted to\n+00004720: 2064 6f2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7665 7279 do. It is very\n+00004730: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 useful to know \n+00004740: 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7075 7270 6f73 your. purpos\n+00004750: 6520 616e 6420 796f 7572 2077 6973 682c e and your wish,\n+00004760: 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 6469 and how GRUB di\n+00004770: 646e 2774 2073 6174 6973 6679 2079 6f75 dn't satisfy you\n+00004780: 2e0a 0a20 2036 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2063 ... 6. If you c\n+00004790: 616e 2069 6e76 6573 7469 6761 7465 2074 an investigate t\n+000047a0: 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 7273 he problem yours\n+000047b0: 656c 662c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f 2e20 elf, please do. \n+000047c0: 2054 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 That will. \n+000047d0: 6769 7665 2079 6f75 2061 6e64 2075 7320 give you and us \n+000047e0: 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d much more inform\n+000047f0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 726f ation on the pro\n+00004800: 626c 656d 2e20 2041 7474 6163 6869 6e67 blem. Attaching\n+00004810: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 6973 a. patch is\n+00004820: 2065 7665 6e20 6265 7474 6572 2e0a 0a20 even better... \n+00004830: 2020 2020 5768 656e 2079 6f75 2061 7474 When you att\n+00004840: 6163 6820 6120 7061 7463 682c 206d 616b ach a patch, mak\n+00004850: 6520 7468 6520 7061 7463 6820 696e 2075 e the patch in u\n+00004860: 6e69 6669 6564 2064 6966 6620 666f 726d nified diff form\n+00004870: 6174 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2077 7269 at, and. wri\n+00004880: 7465 2043 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 2065 6e74 te ChangeLog ent\n+00004890: 7269 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2c20 6576 656e ries. But, even\n+000048a0: 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 2061 when you make a\n+000048b0: 2070 6174 6368 2c20 646f 6e27 740a 2020 patch, don't. \n+000048c0: 2020 2066 6f72 6765 7420 746f 2065 7870 forget to exp\n+000048d0: 6c61 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d lain the problem\n+000048e0: 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e , so that we can\n+000048f0: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7768 6174 understand what\n+00004900: 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 your. patch\n+00004910: 2069 7320 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 372e 2057 is for... 7. W\n+00004920: 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 616e 7974 6869 rite down anythi\n+00004930: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 7468 696e ng that you thin\n+00004940: 6b20 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2072 656c 6174 k might be relat\n+00004950: 6564 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 ed. Please. \n+00004960: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7468 6174 understand that\n+00004970: 2077 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6e65 6564 2074 we often need t\n+00004980: 6f20 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7468 6520 o reproduce the \n+00004990: 7361 6d65 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 same problem you\n+000049a0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636f 756e 7465 7265 . encountere\n+000049b0: 6420 696e 206f 7572 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e d in our environ\n+000049c0: 6d65 6e74 2e20 2053 6f20 796f 7572 2069 ment. So your i\n+000049d0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c nformation shoul\n+000049e0: 6420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6963 d be. suffic\n+000049f0: 6965 6e74 2066 6f72 2075 7320 746f 2064 ient for us to d\n+00004a00: 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 6869 6e67 o the same thing\n+00004a10: 2d2d 446f 6e27 7420 666f 7267 6574 2074 --Don't forget t\n+00004a20: 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e 6e6f 740a 2020 hat we cannot. \n+00004a30: 2020 2073 6565 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 see your comp\n+00004a40: 7574 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 uter directly. \n+00004a50: 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 If you are not s\n+00004a60: 7572 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 746f 2073 ure whether to s\n+00004a70: 7461 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6374 tate a. fact\n+00004a80: 206f 7220 6c65 6176 6520 6974 206f 7574 or leave it out\n+00004a90: 2c20 7374 6174 6520 6974 2120 2052 6570 , state it! Rep\n+00004aa0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6f6f 206d 616e 7920 orting too many \n+00004ab0: 7468 696e 6773 2069 7320 6d75 6368 0a20 things is much. \n+00004ac0: 2020 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 6861 6e20 better than \n+00004ad0: 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 omitting somethi\n+00004ae0: 6e67 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2e0a 0a20 ng important... \n+00004af0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 If you follow \n+00004b00: 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 6162 the guideline ab\n+00004b10: 6f76 652c 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 ove, submit a re\n+00004b20: 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4275 670a port to the Bug.\n+00004b30: 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d20 Tracking System \n+00004b40: 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7361 7661 6e6e 6168 (http://savannah\n+00004b50: 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f62 7567 732f 3f67 .gnu.org/bugs/?g\n+00004b60: 726f 7570 3d67 7275 6229 2e0a 416c 7465 roup=grub)..Alte\n+00004b70: 726e 6174 6976 656c 792c 2079 6f75 2063 rnatively, you c\n+00004b80: 616e 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 706f an submit a repo\n+00004b90: 7274 2076 6961 2065 6c65 6374 726f 6e69 rt via electroni\n+00004ba0: 6320 6d61 696c 2074 6f0a 3c62 7567 2d67 c mail to., bu\n+00004bc0: 7420 7765 2073 7472 6f6e 676c 7920 7265 t we strongly re\n+00004bd0: 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 commend that you\n+00004be0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2042 7567 0a54 7261 use the Bug.Tra\n+00004bf0: 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d 2c20 6265 cking System, be\n+00004c00: 6361 7573 6520 652d 6d61 696c 2063 616e cause e-mail can\n+00004c10: 2062 6520 7061 7373 6564 206f 7665 7220 be passed over \n+00004c20: 6561 7369 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 6365 easily... Once\n+00004c30: 2077 6520 6765 7420 796f 7572 2072 6570 we get your rep\n+00004c40: 6f72 742c 2077 6520 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 ort, we will try\n+00004c50: 2074 6f20 6669 7820 7468 6520 6275 6773 to fix the bugs\n+00004c60: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00004c70: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 7574 info, Node: Fut\n+00004c80: 7572 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7079 ure, Next: Copy\n+00004c90: 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c ing This Manual,\n+00004ca0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e Prev: Reportin\n+00004cb0: 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 g bugs, Up: Top\n+00004cc0: 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2043 2057 6865 ..Appendix C Whe\n+00004cd0: 7265 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 6f0a re GRUB will go.\n 00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 ***********..GRU\n-00004d00: 4220 3220 6973 206e 6f77 2071 7569 7465 B 2 is now quite\n-00004d10: 2073 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 7573 6564 stable and used\n-00004d20: 2069 6e20 6d61 6e79 2070 726f 6475 6374 in many product\n-00004d30: 696f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 5765 ion systems. We\n-00004d40: 2061 7265 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2077 are.currently w\n-00004d50: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2074 6f77 6172 6473 2061 orking towards a\n-00004d60: 2032 2e30 2072 656c 6561 7365 2e0a 0a20 2.0 release... \n-00004d70: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2069 6e74 If you are int\n-00004d80: 6572 6573 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2064 erested in the d\n-00004d90: 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 4752 evelopment of GR\n-00004da0: 5542 2032 2c20 7461 6b65 2061 206c 6f6f UB 2, take a loo\n-00004db0: 6b20 6174 0a74 6865 2068 6f6d 6570 6167 k at.the homepag\n-00004dc0: 6520 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e e (http://www.gn\n-00004dd0: 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 7761 7265 2f67 u.org/software/g\n-00004de0: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a rub/grub.html)..\n-00004df0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00004e00: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f70 7969 fo, Node: Copyi\n-00004e10: 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 2c20 ng This Manual, \n-00004e20: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e64 6578 2c20 2050 Next: Index, P\n-00004e30: 7265 763a 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 5570 rev: Future, Up\n-00004e40: 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 : Top..Appendix \n-00004e50: 4420 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d D Copying This M\n-00004e60: 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a anual.**********\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 *************..G\n+00004d00: 5255 4220 3220 6973 206e 6f77 2071 7569 RUB 2 is now qui\n+00004d10: 7465 2073 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 7573 te stable and us\n+00004d20: 6564 2069 6e20 6d61 6e79 2070 726f 6475 ed in many produ\n+00004d30: 6374 696f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 ction systems. \n+00004d40: 5765 2061 7265 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 We are.currently\n+00004d50: 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 2074 6f77 6172 6473 working towards\n+00004d60: 2061 2032 2e30 2072 656c 6561 7365 2e0a a 2.0 release..\n+00004d70: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2069 . If you are i\n+00004d80: 6e74 6572 6573 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 nterested in the\n+00004d90: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 development of \n+00004da0: 4752 5542 2032 2c20 7461 6b65 2061 206c GRUB 2, take a l\n+00004db0: 6f6f 6b20 6174 0a74 6865 2068 6f6d 6570 ook at.the homep\n+00004dc0: 6167 6520 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e age (http://www.\n+00004dd0: 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 7761 7265 gnu.org/software\n+00004de0: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e68 746d 6c29 /grub/grub.html)\n+00004df0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00004e00: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f70 info, Node: Cop\n+00004e10: 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c ying This Manual\n+00004e20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e64 6578 2c20 , Next: Index, \n+00004e30: 2050 7265 763a 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 Prev: Future, \n+00004e40: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 Up: Top..Appendi\n+00004e50: 7820 4420 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 x D Copying This\n+00004e60: 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Manual.********\n 00004e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ****..* Menu:..*\n-00004e90: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n-00004ea0: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 653a ntation License:\n-00004eb0: 3a20 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 6f72 2063 : License for c\n-00004ec0: 6f70 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 opying this manu\n-00004ed0: 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 al.....File: gru\n-00004ee0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 b.info, Node: G\n-00004ef0: 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 NU Free Document\n-00004f00: 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2020 ation License, \n-00004f10: 5570 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 Up: Copying This\n-00004f20: 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 0a44 2e31 2047 4e55 Manual..D.1 GNU\n-00004f30: 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 Free Documentat\n-00004f40: 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 650a 3d3d 3d3d ion License.====\n+00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ******..* Menu:.\n+00004e90: 0a2a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 .* GNU Free Docu\n+00004ea0: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n+00004eb0: 653a 3a20 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 6f72 e:: License for\n+00004ec0: 2063 6f70 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6d61 copying this ma\n+00004ed0: 6e75 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nual.....File: g\n+00004ee0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00004ef0: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n+00004f00: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652c ntation License,\n+00004f10: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 Up: Copying Th\n+00004f20: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 0a44 2e31 2047 is Manual..D.1 G\n+00004f30: 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 NU Free Document\n+00004f40: 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 650a 3d3d ation License.==\n 00004f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00004f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 312e Version 1.\n-00004f90: 322c 204e 6f76 656d 6265 7220 3230 3032 2, November 2002\n-00004fa0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 .. 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A\n-00009bc0: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6174 ny other. at\n-00009bd0: 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2063 6f70 792c 206d tempt to copy, m\n-00009be0: 6f64 6966 792c 2073 7562 6c69 6365 6e73 odify, sublicens\n-00009bf0: 6520 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 e or distribute \n-00009c00: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 730a the Document is.\n-00009c10: 2020 2020 2076 6f69 642c 2061 6e64 2077 void, and w\n-00009c20: 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c ill automaticall\n-00009c30: 7920 7465 726d 696e 6174 6520 796f 7572 y terminate your\n-00009c40: 2072 6967 6874 7320 756e 6465 7220 7468 rights under th\n-00009c50: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 652e is. License.\n-00009c60: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2070 6172 7469 However, parti\n-00009c70: 6573 2077 686f 2068 6176 6520 7265 6365 es who have rece\n-00009c80: 6976 6564 2063 6f70 6965 732c 206f 7220 ived copies, or \n-00009c90: 7269 6768 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 726f rights,. fro\n-00009ca0: 6d20 796f 7520 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 m you under this\n-00009cb0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f License will no\n-00009cc0: 7420 6861 7665 2074 6865 6972 206c 6963 t have their lic\n-00009cd0: 656e 7365 7320 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 enses terminated\n-00009ce0: 0a20 2020 2020 736f 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 . so long as\n-00009cf0: 2073 7563 6820 7061 7274 6965 7320 7265 such parties re\n-00009d00: 6d61 696e 2069 6e20 6675 6c6c 2063 6f6d main in full com\n-00009d10: 706c 6961 6e63 652e 0a0a 2020 3130 2e20 pliance... 10. \n-00009d20: 4655 5455 5245 2052 4556 4953 494f 4e53 FUTURE REVISIONS\n-00009d30: 204f 4620 5448 4953 204c 4943 454e 5345 OF THIS LICENSE\n-00009d40: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2046 7265 6520 .. 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Such new. \n-00009dd0: 2020 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 7769 6c6c versions will\n-00009de0: 2062 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 696e 2073 be similar in s\n-00009df0: 7069 7269 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 7265 pirit to the pre\n-00009e00: 7365 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 6275 sent version, bu\n-00009e10: 7420 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 t may. diffe\n-00009e20: 7220 696e 2064 6574 6169 6c20 746f 2061 r in detail to a\n-00009e30: 6464 7265 7373 206e 6577 2070 726f 626c ddress new probl\n-00009e40: 656d 7320 6f72 2063 6f6e 6365 726e 732e ems or concerns.\n-00009e50: 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 6874 7470 See. ... \n-00009e80: 2045 6163 6820 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 Each version of\n-00009e90: 2074 6865 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 the License is \n-00009ea0: 6769 7665 6e20 6120 6469 7374 696e 6775 given a distingu\n-00009eb0: 6973 6869 6e67 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 0a20 ishing version. \n-00009ec0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 2049 6620 number. 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Do\n-0000a020: 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 cument does not \n-0000a030: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7665 7273 696f specify a versio\n-0000a040: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 6973 n number of this\n-0000a050: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 796f 7520 6d61 License, you ma\n-0000a060: 790a 2020 2020 2063 686f 6f73 6520 616e y. choose an\n-0000a070: 7920 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6576 6572 2070 y version ever p\n-0000a080: 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2028 6e6f 7420 6173 ublished (not as\n-0000a090: 2061 2064 7261 6674 2920 6279 2074 6865 a draft) by the\n-0000a0a0: 2046 7265 650a 2020 2020 2053 6f66 7477 Free. 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It c\n+00005330: 6f6d 706c 656d 656e 7473 2074 6865 2047 omplements the G\n+00005340: 4e55 2047 656e 6572 616c 2050 7562 6c69 NU General Publi\n+00005350: 6320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2077 6869 6368 c License, which\n+00005360: 2069 7320 6120 636f 7079 6c65 6674 0a20 is a copyleft. \n+00005370: 2020 2020 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6465 7369 license desi\n+00005380: 676e 6564 2066 6f72 2066 7265 6520 736f gned for free so\n+00005390: 6674 7761 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5765 ftware... 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We. \n+00005540: 2020 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6973 recommend this\n+00005550: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 6e63 6970 License princip\n+00005560: 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 ally for works w\n+00005570: 686f 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 2069 730a hose purpose is.\n+00005580: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e instruction\n+00005590: 206f 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 652e 0a0a or reference...\n+000055a0: 2020 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 4249 4c49 1. APPLICABILI\n+000055b0: 5459 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e 4954 494f TY AND DEFINITIO\n+000055c0: 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 4c69 NS.. 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Such a \n+00005690: 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6772 616e notice. gran\n+000056a0: 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 6964 652c ts a world-wide,\n+000056b0: 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 6520 6c69 royalty-free li\n+000056c0: 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 cense, unlimited\n+000056d0: 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2c0a 2020 in duration,. \n+000056e0: 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6174 2077 to use that w\n+000056f0: 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 636f ork under the co\n+00005700: 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 6420 nditions stated \n+00005710: 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 herein. The. \n+00005720: 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 2c20 6265 \"Document\", be\n+00005730: 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2061 low, refers to a\n+00005740: 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 616c 206f ny such manual o\n+00005750: 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 656d r work. Any mem\n+00005760: 6265 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 ber. of the \n+00005770: 7075 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 6c69 6365 public is a lice\n+00005780: 6e73 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2061 6464 nsee, and is add\n+00005790: 7265 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 6f75 222e ressed as \"you\".\n+000057a0: 2020 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 0a20 2020 You accept. \n+000057b0: 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6966 the license if\n+000057c0: 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 6966 you copy, modif\n+000057d0: 7920 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 y or distribute \n+000057e0: 7468 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 6120 7761 the work in a wa\n+000057f0: 790a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 7269 6e67 y. requiring\n+00005800: 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 756e 6465 permission unde\n+00005810: 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6c61 772e r copyright law.\n+00005820: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f 6469 6669 .. A \"Modifi\n+00005830: 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6f66 2074 ed Version\" of t\n+00005840: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 616e he Document mean\n+00005850: 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 7461 s any work conta\n+00005860: 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 ining the. D\n+00005870: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 2070 6f72 ocument or a por\n+00005880: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 6569 7468 tion of it, eith\n+00005890: 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 7262 6174 er copied verbat\n+000058a0: 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 im, or with. \n+000058b0: 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2061 modifications a\n+000058c0: 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 nd/or translated\n+000058d0: 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6c61 into another la\n+000058e0: 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 nguage... A \n+000058f0: 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 \"Secondary Secti\n+00005900: 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d 6564 2061 on\" is a named a\n+00005910: 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 2066 726f ppendix or a fro\n+00005920: 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 6374 696f nt-matter sectio\n+00005930: 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f n. of the Do\n+00005940: 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6465 616c cument that deal\n+00005950: 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c 7920 7769 s exclusively wi\n+00005960: 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f 6e73 th the relations\n+00005970: 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 hip of the. \n+00005980: 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f 7220 6175 publishers or au\n+00005990: 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 thors of the Doc\n+000059a0: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2044 6f63 ument to the Doc\n+000059b0: 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 616c 6c0a ument's overall.\n+000059c0: 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 2028 6f72 subject (or\n+000059d0: 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 to related matt\n+000059e0: 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ers) and contain\n+000059f0: 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2063 s nothing that c\n+00005a00: 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6c6c 2064 ould. fall d\n+00005a10: 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 696e 2074 irectly within t\n+00005a20: 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 7375 626a hat overall subj\n+00005a30: 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c 2069 6620 ect. (Thus, if \n+00005a40: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 the Document. \n+00005a50: 2020 6973 2069 6e20 7061 7274 2061 2074 is in part a t\n+00005a60: 6578 7462 6f6f 6b20 6f66 206d 6174 6865 extbook of mathe\n+00005a70: 6d61 7469 6373 2c20 6120 5365 636f 6e64 matics, a Second\n+00005a80: 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 ary Section may \n+00005a90: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6c61 696e not. explain\n+00005aa0: 2061 6e79 206d 6174 6865 6d61 7469 6373 any mathematics\n+00005ab0: 2e29 2020 5468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 6f6e .) The relation\n+00005ac0: 7368 6970 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6120 ship could be a \n+00005ad0: 6d61 7474 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2068 matter of. h\n+00005ae0: 6973 746f 7269 6361 6c20 636f 6e6e 6563 istorical connec\n+00005af0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7375 tion with the su\n+00005b00: 626a 6563 7420 6f72 2077 6974 6820 7265 bject or with re\n+00005b10: 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 732c 206f lated matters, o\n+00005b20: 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6c65 6761 6c2c r. of legal,\n+00005b30: 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c2c 2070 6869 commercial, phi\n+00005b40: 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 616c 2c20 6574 6869 losophical, ethi\n+00005b50: 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 6f6c 6974 6963 616c cal or political\n+00005b60: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 position. r\n+00005b70: 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a egarding them...\n+00005b80: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 496e 7661 7269 The \"Invari\n+00005b90: 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2220 6172 ant Sections\" ar\n+00005ba0: 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 5365 636f 6e64 e certain Second\n+00005bb0: 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2077 686f ary Sections who\n+00005bc0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 2061 se. titles a\n+00005bd0: 7265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 7465 642c 2061 re designated, a\n+00005be0: 7320 6265 696e 6720 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 s being those of\n+00005bf0: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n+00005c00: 6f6e 732c 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ons, in the. \n+00005c10: 206e 6f74 6963 6520 7468 6174 2073 6179 notice that say\n+00005c20: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d s that the Docum\n+00005c30: 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 7365 6420 ent is released \n+00005c40: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e under this Licen\n+00005c50: 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 7365 se.. 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Page\"\n+000065c0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 means the text \n+000065d0: 6e65 6172 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7072 near the most pr\n+000065e0: 6f6d 696e 656e 7420 6170 7065 6172 616e ominent appearan\n+000065f0: 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2077 ce of the. w\n+00006600: 6f72 6b27 7320 7469 746c 652c 2070 7265 ork's title, pre\n+00006610: 6365 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e ceding the begin\n+00006620: 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6479 ning of the body\n+00006630: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 2e0a 0a20 of the text... \n+00006640: 2020 2020 4120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 2245 A section \"E\n+00006650: 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 5859 5a22 206d 6561 ntitled XYZ\" mea\n+00006660: 6e73 2061 206e 616d 6564 2073 7562 756e ns a named subun\n+00006670: 6974 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 it of the Docume\n+00006680: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f73 6520 7469 nt. whose ti\n+00006690: 746c 6520 6569 7468 6572 2069 7320 7072 tle either is pr\n+000066a0: 6563 6973 656c 7920 5859 5a20 6f72 2063 ecisely XYZ or c\n+000066b0: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 5859 5a20 696e 2070 ontains XYZ in p\n+000066c0: 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 0a20 2020 2020 arentheses. \n+000066d0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7465 7874 2074 following text t\n+000066e0: 6861 7420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6573 2058 hat translates X\n+000066f0: 595a 2069 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6c61 YZ in another la\n+00006700: 6e67 7561 6765 2e20 2028 4865 7265 2058 nguage. 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J. 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When the Doc\n+00009480: 756d 656e 7420 6973 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 ument is include\n+00009490: 6420 696e 2061 6e20 6167 6772 6567 6174 d in an aggregat\n+000094a0: 652c 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 204c 6963 e, this. Lic\n+000094b0: 656e 7365 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6170 ense does not ap\n+000094c0: 706c 7920 746f 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 ply to the other\n+000094d0: 2077 6f72 6b73 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6167 works in the ag\n+000094e0: 6772 6567 6174 6520 7768 6963 680a 2020 gregate which. \n+000094f0: 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2074 6865 6d73 are not thems\n+00009500: 656c 7665 7320 6465 7269 7661 7469 7665 elves derivative\n+00009510: 2077 6f72 6b73 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f works of the Do\n+00009520: 6375 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 cument... 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3a20 2020 2020 2020 gettext: \n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6677 7365 7475 702e fwsetup.\n+0000afc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000afd0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6764 6269 6e66 line 6).* gdbinf\n+0000afe0: 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o: \n+0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b000: 2067 6462 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 gdbinfo. \n+0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b020: 0a2a 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a20 2020 2020 .* gettext: \n 0000b030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6765 7474 6578 742e gettext.\n-0000b050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000b060: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6770 7473 796e line 6).* gptsyn\n-0000b070: 633a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 c: \n+0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6765 7474 6578 gettex\n+0000b050: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n+0000b060: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6770 7473 (line 6).* gpts\n+0000b070: 796e 633a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ync: \n 0000b080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b090: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2e20 2020 2020 2020 gptsync. \n-0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b0b0: 0a2a 2068 616c 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* halt: \n+0000b090: 2020 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2e20 2020 2020 gptsync. \n+0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b0b0: 3629 0a2a 2068 616c 743a 2020 2020 2020 6).* halt: \n 0000b0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6861 6c74 2e20 halt. \n-0000b0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0f0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6861 7368 (line 6).* hash\n-0000b100: 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum: \n+0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6861 6c74 halt\n+0000b0e0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000b0f0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6861 (line 6).* ha\n+0000b100: 7368 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 shsum: \n 0000b110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b120: 2020 2068 6173 6873 756d 2e20 2020 2020 hashsum. \n-0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000b140: 3629 0a2a 2068 656c 703a 2020 2020 2020 6).* help: \n+0000b120: 2020 2020 2068 6173 6873 756d 2e20 2020 hashsum. \n+0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b140: 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 656c 703a 2020 2020 e 6).* help: \n 0000b150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6c70 help\n-0000b170: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000b180: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6865 (line 6).* he\n-0000b190: 7864 756d 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xdump: \n+0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 he\n+0000b170: 6c70 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lp. \n+0000b180: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b190: 6865 7864 756d 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 hexdump: \n 0000b1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2e20 2020 hexdump. \n-0000b1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b1d0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 643a 2020 e 6).* initrd: \n+0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2e20 hexdump. \n+0000b1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000b1d0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 643a ine 6).* initrd:\n 0000b1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n-0000b200: 6974 7264 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 itrd. \n-0000b210: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b220: 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a20 2020 2020 2020 initrd16: \n+0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b200: 696e 6974 7264 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 initrd. \n+0000b210: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b220: 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a20 2020 2020 * initrd16: \n 0000b230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362e initrd16.\n-0000b250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000b260: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a ine 6).* insmod:\n-0000b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6431 initrd1\n+0000b250: 362e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6. \n+0000b260: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e73 6d6f (line 6).* insmo\n+0000b270: 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d: \n 0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b290: 696e 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 insmod. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b2b0: 2a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 733a 2020 2020 * keystatus: \n+0000b290: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 2020 insmod. \n+0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b2b0: 290a 2a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 733a 2020 ).* keystatus: \n 0000b2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6579 7374 6174 keystat\n-0000b2e0: 7573 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 us. \n-0000b2f0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 (line 6).* linux\n-0000b300: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6579 7374 keyst\n+0000b2e0: 6174 7573 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 atus. \n+0000b2f0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 696e (line 6).* lin\n+0000b300: 7578 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux: \n 0000b310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b320: 2020 6c69 6e75 782e 2020 2020 2020 2020 linux. \n-0000b330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b340: 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 2020 2020 ).* linux16: \n+0000b320: 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 782e 2020 2020 2020 linux. \n+0000b330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000b340: 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 2020 6).* linux16: \n 0000b350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 linux\n-0000b370: 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 16. \n-0000b380: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6973 (line 6).* lis\n-0000b390: 745f 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_env: \n+0000b360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e lin\n+0000b370: 7578 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux16. \n+0000b380: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c (line 6).* l\n+0000b390: 6973 745f 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ist_env: \n 0000b3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b3b0: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 list_env. \n-0000b3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b3d0: 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6).* list_trust\n-0000b3e0: 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed: \n-0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6973 lis\n-0000b400: 745f 7472 7573 7465 642e 2020 2020 2020 t_trusted. \n-0000b410: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c (line 6).* l\n-0000b420: 6f61 645f 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 oad_env: \n+0000b3b0: 2020 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2e20 list_env. \n+0000b3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b3d0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 ne 6).* list_tru\n+0000b3e0: 7374 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sted: \n+0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n+0000b400: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642e 2020 2020 ist_trusted. \n+0000b410: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b420: 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 load_env: \n 0000b430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2e20 load_env. \n-0000b450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000b460: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 ne 6).* loadfont\n-0000b470: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000b480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n-0000b490: 6f61 6466 6f6e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 oadfont. \n-0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b4b0: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a 2020 2020 2020 loopback: \n+0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 load_env\n+0000b450: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . (\n+0000b460: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c6f 6164 666f line 6).* loadfo\n+0000b470: 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nt: \n+0000b480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b490: 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742e 2020 2020 2020 loadfont. \n+0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b4b0: 0a2a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a 2020 2020 .* loopback: \n 0000b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b loopback\n-0000b4e0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . 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(l\n+0000b660: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 6f64 756c 653a ine 6).* module:\n 0000b670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d6f mo\n-0000b690: 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dule. \n-0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b6b0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 2020 multiboot: \n+0000b680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b690: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 module. \n+0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b6b0: 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 * multiboot: \n 0000b6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 multiboot\n-0000b6e0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c . 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(li\n-0000b8f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ne 6).* net_del_\n-0000b900: 726f 7574 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 route: \n-0000b910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0000b920: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2e20 2020 et_del_route. \n-0000b930: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b940: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 2020 2020 2020 net_dhcp: \n+0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f net_del_\n+0000b8e0: 646e 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 dns. 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(\n-0000b980: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6765 line 6).* net_ge\n-0000b990: 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a 2020 t_dhcp_option: \n+0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6468 net_dh\n+0000b970: 6370 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cp. \n+0000b980: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n+0000b990: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a get_dhcp_option:\n 0000b9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b9b0: 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 net_get_dhcp_op\n-0000b9c0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 tion. (line 6)\n-0000b9d0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f .* net_ipv6_auto\n-0000b9e0: 636f 6e66 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 conf: \n-0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6970 net_ip\n-0000ba00: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662e 2020 2020 v6_autoconf. \n-0000ba10: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n-0000ba20: 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls_addr: \n+0000b9b0: 2020 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f net_get_dhcp_\n+0000b9c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2020 286c 696e 6520 option. (line \n+0000b9d0: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 6).* net_ipv6_au\n+0000b9e0: 746f 636f 6e66 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 toconf: \n+0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n+0000ba00: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662e 2020 ipv6_autoconf. \n+0000ba10: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n+0000ba20: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 t_ls_addr: \n 0000ba30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ba40: 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2e20 net_ls_addr. \n-0000ba50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000ba60: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 6).* net_ls_card\n-0000ba70: 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s: \n-0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n-0000ba90: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ls_cards. \n-0000baa0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n-0000bab0: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 t_ls_dns: \n+0000ba40: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 net_ls_addr\n+0000ba50: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n+0000ba60: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 e 6).* net_ls_ca\n+0000ba70: 7264 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rds: \n+0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n+0000ba90: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2e20 2020 2020 t_ls_cards. \n+0000baa0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000bab0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 net_ls_dns: \n 0000bac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bad0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732e net_ls_dns.\n-0000bae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000baf0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f e 6).* net_ls_ro\n-0000bb00: 7574 6573 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 utes: \n-0000bb10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-0000bb20: 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732e 2020 2020 t_ls_routes. \n-0000bb30: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000bb40: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a20 2020 net_nslookup: \n+0000bad0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e net_ls_dn\n+0000bae0: 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c s. (l\n+0000baf0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f ine 6).* net_ls_\n+0000bb00: 726f 7574 6573 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 routes: \n+0000bb10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bb20: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732e 2020 net_ls_routes. \n+0000bb30: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000bb40: 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a20 * net_nslookup: \n 0000bb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f net_nsloo\n-0000bb70: 6b75 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c kup. (l\n-0000bb80: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 ine 6).* net_set\n-0000bb90: 5f76 6c61 6e3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _vlan: \n+0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6e 736c net_nsl\n+0000bb70: 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ookup. \n+0000bb80: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f73 (line 6).* net_s\n+0000bb90: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 et_vlan: \n 0000bba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbb0: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2e20 2020 net_set_vlan. \n-0000bbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000bbd0: 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * normal: \n+0000bbb0: 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2e20 net_set_vlan. \n+0000bbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000bbd0: 290a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a20 2020 2020 ).* normal: \n 0000bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2e normal.\n-0000bc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc10: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 (line 6).* norma\n-0000bc20: 6c5f 6578 6974 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_exit: \n+0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 norma\n+0000bc00: 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n+0000bc10: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6f72 (line 6).* nor\n+0000bc20: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 3a20 2020 2020 2020 mal_exit: \n 0000bc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc40: 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742e 2020 normal_exit. \n-0000bc50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bc60: 290a 2a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a20 2020 ).* parttool: \n+0000bc40: 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742e normal_exit.\n+0000bc50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000bc60: 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a20 6).* parttool: \n 0000bc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7474 partt\n-0000bc90: 6f6f 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ool. \n-0000bca0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6173 (line 6).* pas\n-0000bcb0: 7377 6f72 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sword: \n+0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 par\n+0000bc90: 7474 6f6f 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ttool. \n+0000bca0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 (line 6).* p\n+0000bcb0: 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 assword: \n 0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bcd0: 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 2020 password. \n-0000bce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000bcf0: 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 6).* password_p\n-0000bd00: 626b 6466 323a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bkdf2: \n-0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6173 pas\n-0000bd20: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2e20 2020 sword_pbkdf2. \n-0000bd30: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 (line 6).* p\n-0000bd40: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 2020 2020 2020 lainmount: \n+0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 password. \n+0000bce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000bcf0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 ne 6).* password\n+0000bd00: 5f70 626b 6466 323a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _pbkdf2: \n+0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+0000bd20: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2e20 assword_pbkdf2. \n+0000bd30: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000bd40: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 2020 2020 plainmount: \n 0000bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 plainmount\n-0000bd70: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 . (li\n-0000bd80: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c 6179 3a20 2020 ne 6).* play: \n+0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 plainmou\n+0000bd70: 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 nt. (\n+0000bd80: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c 6179 3a20 line 6).* play: \n 0000bd90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-0000bdb0: 6c61 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lay. \n-0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000bdd0: 2070 726f 6265 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 probe: \n+0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bdb0: 2070 6c61 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 play. \n+0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000bdd0: 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* probe: \n 0000bde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 652e 2020 probe. \n-0000be00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000be10: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7264 6d73 723a line 6).* rdmsr:\n-0000be20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 652e probe.\n+0000be00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000be10: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7264 6d73 (line 6).* rdms\n+0000be20: 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r: \n 0000be30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be40: 2072 646d 7372 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n-0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000be60: 0a2a 2072 6561 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* read: \n+0000be40: 2020 2072 646d 7372 2e20 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n+0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000be60: 3629 0a2a 2072 6561 643a 2020 2020 2020 6).* read: \n 0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6164 2e20 read. \n-0000be90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bea0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 626f (line 6).* rebo\n-0000beb0: 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot: \n+0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6164 read\n+0000be90: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000bea0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 (line 6).* re\n+0000beb0: 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot: \n 0000bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bed0: 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 2020 reboot. \n-0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000bef0: 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a 2020 2020 6).* regexp: \n+0000bed0: 2020 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 reboot. \n+0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000bef0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a 2020 e 6).* regexp: \n 0000bf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6765 rege\n-0000bf20: 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xp. \n-0000bf30: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 726d (line 6).* rm\n-0000bf40: 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod: \n+0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 re\n+0000bf20: 6765 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gexp. \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000bf40: 726d 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmmod: \n 0000bf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf60: 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 rmmod. \n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000bf80: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a e 6).* save_env:\n-0000bf90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 sa\n-0000bfb0: 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve_env. \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000bfd0: 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 search: \n+0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 2e20 2020 rmmod. \n+0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000bf80: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e ine 6).* save_en\n+0000bf90: 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 v: \n+0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bfb0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 save_env. \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000bfd0: 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * search: \n 0000bfe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 2020 search. \n-0000c000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000c010: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 656e 646b 6579 ine 6).* sendkey\n-0000c020: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e search.\n+0000c000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c010: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 656e 646b (line 6).* sendk\n+0000c020: 6579 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ey: \n 0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c040: 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n-0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000c060: 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * serial: \n+0000c040: 2020 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n+0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c060: 290a 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 2020 2020 ).* serial: \n 0000c070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c2e serial.\n-0000c090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c0a0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6574 3a20 (line 6).* set: \n-0000c0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 seria\n+0000c090: 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n+0000c0a0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6574 (line 6).* set\n+0000c0b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000c0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c0d0: 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set. \n-0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000c0f0: 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 ).* sha1sum: \n+0000c0d0: 2020 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 set. \n+0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000c0f0: 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a 2020 6).* sha1sum: \n 0000c100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 3173 sha1s\n-0000c120: 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um. \n-0000c130: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 (line 6).* sha\n-0000c140: 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 256sum: \n+0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 sha\n+0000c120: 3173 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 1sum. \n+0000c130: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n+0000c140: 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ha256sum: \n 0000c150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c160: 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2e 2020 sha256sum. \n-0000c170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c180: 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d3a 6).* sha512sum:\n-0000c190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 sha\n-0000c1b0: 3531 3273 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 512sum. \n-0000c1c0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n-0000c1d0: 6c65 6570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 leep: \n+0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2e sha256sum.\n+0000c170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000c180: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 ne 6).* sha512su\n+0000c190: 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m: \n+0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+0000c1b0: 6861 3531 3273 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ha512sum. \n+0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000c1d0: 2073 6c65 6570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sleep: \n 0000c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 2020 sleep. \n-0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c210: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 3a20 ne 6).* smbios: \n-0000c220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-0000c240: 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mbios. \n-0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c260: 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 source: \n+0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 sleep. \n+0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000c210: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 line 6).* smbios\n+0000c220: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c240: 2073 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 smbios. \n+0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000c260: 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 2020 2020 .* source: \n 0000c270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f 7572 6365 2e20 source. \n-0000c290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000c2a0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7375 626d 656e line 6).* submen\n-0000c2b0: 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 u: \n+0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f 7572 6365 source\n+0000c290: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000c2a0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7375 626d (line 6).* subm\n+0000c2b0: 656e 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enu: \n 0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c2d0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2020 2020 2020 submenu. \n-0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c2f0: 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 .* terminal_inpu\n-0000c300: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n-0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e termin\n-0000c320: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 al_input. \n-0000c330: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d (line 6).* term\n-0000c340: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 2020 2020 inal_output: \n+0000c2d0: 2020 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2020 2020 submenu. \n+0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000c2f0: 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 6).* terminal_in\n+0000c300: 7075 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 put: \n+0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d term\n+0000c320: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 2020 2020 inal_input. \n+0000c330: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 (line 6).* te\n+0000c340: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 2020 rminal_output: \n 0000c350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c360: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 terminal_outp\n-0000c370: 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 ut. (line \n-0000c380: 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a 2020 6).* terminfo: \n+0000c360: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 terminal_ou\n+0000c370: 7470 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e tput. 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207269.Node: hal\n-00001780: 747f 3230 3832 3131 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 t.208211.Node: h\n-00001790: 6173 6873 756d 7f32 3038 3539 310a 4e6f ashsum.208591.No\n-000017a0: 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 7f32 3039 3839 320a de: help.209892.\n-000017b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 756d 707f 3231 Node: hexdump.21\n-000017c0: 3033 3435 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 6e73 6d6f 0345.Node: insmo\n-000017d0: 647f 3231 3039 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 206b d.210962.Node: k\n-000017e0: 6579 7374 6174 7573 7f32 3131 3136 380a eystatus.211168.\n-000017f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 7f32 Node: list_env.2\n-00001800: 3131 3739 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 11793.Node: list\n-00001810: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 7f32 3132 3134 380a _trusted.212148.\n-00001820: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 7f32 Node: load_env.2\n-00001830: 3132 3732 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 12724.Node: load\n-00001840: 666f 6e74 7f32 3134 3431 300a 4e6f 6465 font.214410.Node\n-00001850: 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 7f32 3134 3737 : loopback.21477\n-00001860: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 7f32 3135 3336 4.Node: ls.21536\n-00001870: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 737f 6.Node: lsfonts.\n-00001880: 3231 3538 3933 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 736d 215893.Node: lsm\n-00001890: 6f64 7f32 3136 3036 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 od.216060.Node: \n-000018a0: 6d64 3573 756d 7f32 3136 3233 350a 4e6f md5sum.216235.No\n-000018b0: 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f32 3136 3530 de: module.21650\n-000018c0: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7.Node: multiboo\n-000018d0: 747f 3231 3638 3034 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e t.216804.Node: n\n-000018e0: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b7f 3231 3739 3032 ativedisk.217902\n-000018f0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c7f 3231 .Node: normal.21\n-00001900: 3832 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 8286.Node: norma\n-00001910: 6c5f 6578 6974 7f32 3139 3035 340a 4e6f l_exit.219054.No\n-00001920: 6465 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 7f32 3139 de: parttool.219\n-00001930: 3336 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 361.Node: passwo\n-00001940: 7264 7f32 3230 3838 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 rd.220888.Node: \n-00001950: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 327f password_pbkdf2.\n-00001960: 3232 3131 3535 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 221155.Node: pla\n-00001970: 696e 6d6f 756e 747f 3232 3135 3538 0a4e inmount.221558.N\n-00001980: 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742d ode: plainmount-\n-00001990: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f 3232 3533 3230 Footnotes.225320\n-000019a0: 0a52 6566 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 .Ref: plainmount\n-000019b0: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 317f 3232 3533 -Footnote-1.2253\n-000019c0: 3835 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 797f 3232 85.Node: play.22\n-000019d0: 3534 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 726f 6265 5476.Node: probe\n-000019e0: 7f32 3236 3230 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7264 .226204.Node: rd\n-000019f0: 6d73 727f 3232 3636 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a msr.226675.Node:\n-00001a00: 2072 6561 647f 3232 3734 3437 0a4e 6f64 read.227447.Nod\n-00001a10: 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 747f 3232 3738 3930 e: reboot.227890\n-00001a20: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 707f 3232 .Node: regexp.22\n-00001a30: 3830 3538 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d 6f64 8058.Node: rmmod\n-00001a40: 7f32 3238 3539 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 .228590.Node: sa\n-00001a50: 7665 5f65 6e76 7f32 3238 3736 380a 4e6f ve_env.228768.No\n-00001a60: 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 7f32 3239 3738 de: search.22978\n-00001a70: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 797f 5.Node: sendkey.\n-00001a80: 3233 3133 3939 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6574 231399.Node: set\n-00001a90: 7f32 3337 3931 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 .237913.Node: sh\n-00001aa0: 6131 7375 6d7f 3233 3833 3235 0a4e 6f64 a1sum.238325.Nod\n-00001ab0: 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 7f32 3338 e: sha256sum.238\n-00001ac0: 3630 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 3132 603.Node: sha512\n-00001ad0: 7375 6d7f 3233 3838 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a sum.238895.Node:\n-00001ae0: 2073 6c65 6570 7f32 3339 3138 350a 4e6f sleep.239185.No\n-00001af0: 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 7f32 3339 3639 de: smbios.23969\n-00001b00: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 7f32 8.Node: source.2\n-00001b10: 3432 3736 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 7374 42762.Node: test\n-00001b20: 7f32 3433 3330 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 .243308.Node: tr\n-00001b30: 7565 7f32 3436 3138 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ue.246182.Node: \n-00001b40: 7472 7573 747f 3234 3634 3631 0a4e 6f64 trust.246461.Nod\n-00001b50: 653a 2075 6e73 6574 7f32 3437 3236 340a e: unset.247264.\n-00001b60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 Node: verify_det\n-00001b70: 6163 6865 647f 3234 3734 3633 0a4e 6f64 ached.247463.Nod\n-00001b80: 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 7f32 3438 e: videoinfo.248\n-00001b90: 3530 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 727f 507.Node: wrmsr.\n-00001ba0: 3234 3837 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 248770.Node: Net\n-00001bb0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-00001bc0: 7f32 3439 3534 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .249546.Node: ne\n-00001bd0: 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 7f32 3530 3631 t_add_addr.25061\n-00001be0: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 9.Node: net_add_\n-00001bf0: 646e 737f 3235 3131 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a dns.251143.Node:\n-00001c00: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 7f32 net_add_route.2\n-00001c10: 3531 3431 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 51419.Node: net_\n-00001c20: 626f 6f74 707f 3235 3139 3437 0a4e 6f64 bootp.251947.Nod\n-00001c30: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 727f e: net_del_addr.\n-00001c40: 3235 3233 3132 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 252312.Node: net\n-00001c50: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 7f32 3532 3535 320a _del_dns.252552.\n-00001c60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f Node: net_del_ro\n-00001c70: 7574 657f 3235 3237 3939 0a4e 6f64 653a ute.252799.Node:\n-00001c80: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 707f 3235 3330 3333 net_dhcp.253033\n-00001c90: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 .Node: net_get_d\n-00001ca0: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 7f32 3535 3130 hcp_option.25510\n-00001cb0: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 8.Node: net_ipv6\n-00001cc0: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 667f 3235 3536 3039 _autoconf.255609\n-00001cd0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 .Node: net_ls_ad\n-00001ce0: 6472 7f32 3536 3033 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 dr.256034.Node: \n-00001cf0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 7f32 3536 net_ls_cards.256\n-00001d00: 3238 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 282.Node: net_ls\n-00001d10: 5f64 6e73 7f32 3536 3531 380a 4e6f 6465 _dns.256518.Node\n-00001d20: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 737f : net_ls_routes.\n-00001d30: 3235 3637 3439 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 256749.Node: net\n-00001d40: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 707f 3235 3639 3536 _nslookup.256956\n-00001d50: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 .Node: net_set_v\n-00001d60: 6c61 6e7f 3235 3732 3631 0a4e 6f64 653a lan.257261.Node:\n-00001d70: 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f Undocumented co\n-00001d80: 6d6d 616e 6473 7f32 3537 3732 340a 4e6f mmands.257724.No\n-00001d90: 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 de: Internationa\n-00001da0: 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 7f32 3633 3433 360a lisation.263436.\n-00001db0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 7f32 Node: Security.2\n-00001dc0: 3730 3237 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4175 7468 70276.Node: Auth\n-00001dd0: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 entication and a\n-00001de0: 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 7f32 3730 uthorisation.270\n-00001df0: 3835 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 696e 6720 852.Node: Using \n-00001e00: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-00001e10: 6573 7f32 3734 3034 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 es.274048.Node: \n-00001e20: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n-00001e30: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d7f 3237 3734 3134 and shim.277414\n-00001e40: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f .Node: Secure Bo\n-00001e50: 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 ot Advanced Targ\n-00001e60: 6574 696e 677f 3237 3835 3933 0a4e 6f64 eting.278593.Nod\n-00001e70: 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 e: Measured Boot\n-00001e80: 7f32 3739 3633 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f .279632.Node: Lo\n-00001e90: 636b 646f 776e 7f32 3831 3633 340a 4e6f ckdown.281634.No\n-00001ea0: 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d de: Platform lim\n-00001eb0: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 7f32 3832 3133 350a itations.282135.\n-00001ec0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 Node: Platform-s\n-00001ed0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f pecific operatio\n-00001ee0: 6e73 7f32 3930 3134 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ns.290144.Node: \n-00001ef0: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c Supported kernel\n-00001f00: 737f 3239 3132 3335 0a4e 6f64 653a 2054 s.291235.Node: T\n-00001f10: 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 7f32 roubleshooting.2\n-00001f20: 3938 3837 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4752 5542 98872.Node: GRUB\n-00001f30: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 only offers a r\n-00001f40: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c7f 3239 3931 escue shell.2991\n-00001f50: 3431 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 41.Node: Firmwar\n-00001f60: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n-00001f70: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n-00001f80: 7f33 3033 3336 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 .303365.Node: Us\n-00001f90: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n-00001fa0: 6573 7f33 3033 3939 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 es.303996.Node: \n-00001fb0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e Invoking grub-in\n-00001fc0: 7374 616c 6c7f 3330 3437 3237 0a4e 6f64 stall.304727.Nod\n-00001fd0: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n-00001fe0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 677f 3330 3639 3530 -mkconfig.306950\n-00001ff0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n-00002000: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00002010: 6b64 6632 7f33 3037 3633 320a 4e6f 6465 kdf2.307632.Node\n-00002020: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00002030: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 687f 3330 3833 3434 mkrelpath.308344\n-00002040: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n-00002050: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 657f 3330 grub-mkrescue.30\n-00002060: 3931 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 9166.Node: Invok\n-00002070: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 7f33 ing grub-mount.3\n-00002080: 3131 3032 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 11024.Node: Invo\n-00002090: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 657f king grub-probe.\n-000020a0: 3331 3431 3738 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 314178.Node: Inv\n-000020b0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 oking grub-scrip\n-000020c0: 742d 6368 6563 6b7f 3331 3639 3431 0a4e t-check.316941.N\n-000020d0: 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 ode: Obtaining a\n-000020e0: 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 nd Building GRUB\n-000020f0: 7f33 3137 3639 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5265 .317698.Node: Re\n-00002100: 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 7f33 3138 porting bugs.318\n-00002110: 3934 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4675 7475 7265 943.Node: Future\n-00002120: 7f33 3231 3736 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .321767.Node: Co\n-00002130: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n-00002140: 6c7f 3332 3231 3637 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 l.322167.Node: G\n-00002150: 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 NU Free Document\n-00002160: 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 657f 3332 ation License.32\n-00002170: 3233 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net__ip.155742.No\n+000010c0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__mac.155958.N\n+000010e0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__next_server\n+00001100: 7f31 3536 3137 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .156179.Node: ne\n+00001110: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f t__ro\n+00001120: 6f74 7061 7468 7f31 3536 3432 320a 4e6f otpath.156422.No\n+00001130: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: net_default_\n+00001140: 696e 7465 7266 6163 657f 3135 3636 3631 interface.156661\n+00001150: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 .Node: net_defau\n+00001160: 6c74 5f69 707f 3135 3638 3831 0a4e 6f64 lt_ip.156881.Nod\n+00001170: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d e: net_default_m\n+00001180: 6163 7f31 3537 3037 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ac.157078.Node: \n+00001190: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n+000011a0: 6572 7f31 3537 3237 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 er.157274.Node: \n+000011b0: 7061 6765 727f 3135 3734 3637 0a4e 6f64 pager.157467.Nod\n+000011c0: 653a 2070 7265 6669 787f 3135 3737 3237 e: prefix.157727\n+000011d0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 .Node: pxe_blksi\n+000011e0: 7a65 7f31 3538 3138 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ze.158184.Node: \n+000011f0: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 pxe_default_gate\n+00001200: 7761 797f 3135 3833 3631 0a4e 6f64 653a way.158361.Node:\n+00001210: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 pxe_default_ser\n+00001220: 7665 727f 3135 3835 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a ver.158566.Node:\n+00001230: 2072 6f6f 747f 3135 3837 3632 0a4e 6f64 root.158762.Nod\n+00001240: 653a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 7f31 3539 e: shim_lock.159\n+00001250: 3332 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 7065 7275 322.Node: superu\n+00001260: 7365 7273 7f31 3539 3539 330a 4e6f 6465 sers.159593.Node\n+00001270: 3a20 7468 656d 657f 3135 3938 3436 0a4e : theme.159846.N\n+00001280: 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 7f31 3630 ode: timeout.160\n+00001290: 3137 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 171.Node: timeou\n+000012a0: 745f 7374 796c 657f 3136 3038 3332 0a4e t_style.160832.N\n+000012b0: 6f64 653a 2074 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 ode: tpm_fail_fa\n+000012c0: 7461 6c7f 3136 3132 3536 0a4e 6f64 653a tal.161256.Node:\n+000012d0: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f Environment blo\n+000012e0: 636b 7f31 3631 3934 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ck.161941.Node: \n+000012f0: 4d6f 6475 6c65 737f 3136 3333 3937 0a4e Modules.163397.N\n+00001300: 6f64 653a 2062 6c69 7f31 3633 3638 320a ode: bli.163682.\n+00001310: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 Node: Commands.1\n+00001320: 3634 3636 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 64661.Node: Menu\n+00001330: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e -specific comman\n+00001340: 6473 7f31 3635 3535 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ds.165550.Node: \n+00001350: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 797f 3136 3632 3639 menuentry.166269\n+00001360: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7f31 .Node: submenu.1\n+00001370: 3637 3835 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 6164 67858.Node: Load\n+00001380: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3136 3833 er commands.1683\n+00001390: 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 91.Node: chainlo\n+000013a0: 6164 6572 7f31 3730 3838 370a 4e6f 6465 ader.170887.Node\n+000013b0: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 7f31 3731 3538 300a : initrd.171580.\n+000013c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 7f31 Node: initrd16.1\n+000013d0: 3733 3737 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 73776.Node: linu\n+000013e0: 787f 3137 3433 3832 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c x.174382.Node: l\n+000013f0: 696e 7578 3136 7f31 3735 3238 390a 4e6f inux16.175289.No\n+00001400: 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 de: xen_hypervis\n+00001410: 6f72 7f31 3735 3939 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 or.175994.Node: \n+00001420: 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f31 3736 3433 xen_module.17643\n+00001430: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 8.Node: General \n+00001440: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3736 3933 390a commands.176939.\n+00001450: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 7269 616c 7f31 3737 Node: serial.177\n+00001460: 3338 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 389.Node: termin\n+00001470: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 7f31 3739 3236 310a al_input.179261.\n+00001480: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f Node: terminal_o\n+00001490: 7574 7075 747f 3137 3939 3331 0a4e 6f64 utput.179931.Nod\n+000014a0: 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f7f 3138 3036 e: terminfo.1806\n+000014b0: 3032 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 02.Node: Command\n+000014c0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 -line commands.1\n+000014d0: 3831 3838 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b7f 3138 81889.Node: [.18\n+000014e0: 3730 3236 0a4e 6f64 653a 2061 6370 697f 7026.Node: acpi.\n+000014f0: 3138 3731 3937 0a4e 6f64 653a 2061 7574 187197.Node: aut\n+00001500: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 657f 3138 3834 3639 henticate.188469\n+00001510: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e .Node: backgroun\n+00001520: 645f 636f 6c6f 727f 3138 3838 3839 0a4e d_color.188889.N\n+00001530: 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f ode: background_\n+00001540: 696d 6167 657f 3138 3935 3531 0a4e 6f64 image.189551.Nod\n+00001550: 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d7f 3139 3030 3932 e: badram.190092\n+00001560: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 .Node: blocklist\n+00001570: 7f31 3931 3436 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f .191467.Node: bo\n+00001580: 6f74 7f31 3931 3638 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ot.191686.Node: \n+00001590: 6361 747f 3139 3139 3933 0a4e 6f64 653a cat.191993.Node:\n+000015a0: 2063 6c65 6172 7f31 3932 3937 300a 4e6f clear.192970.No\n+000015b0: 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e7f 3139 de: cmosclean.19\n+000015c0: 3331 3333 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7364 3133.Node: cmosd\n+000015d0: 756d 707f 3139 3334 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a ump.193422.Node:\n+000015e0: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 747f 3139 3337 3032 cmostest.193702\n+000015f0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 7f31 3934 3034 .Node: cmp.19404\n+00001600: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 5.Node: configfi\n+00001610: 6c65 7f31 3934 3830 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 le.194800.Node: \n+00001620: 6370 7569 647f 3139 3532 3134 0a4e 6f64 cpuid.195214.Nod\n+00001630: 653a 2063 7263 7f31 3935 3738 320a 4e6f e: crc.195782.No\n+00001640: 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 747f de: cryptomount.\n+00001650: 3139 3630 3439 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 7574 196049.Node: cut\n+00001660: 6d65 6d7f 3139 3833 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a mem.198319.Node:\n+00001670: 2064 6174 657f 3139 3931 3837 0a4e 6f64 date.199187.Nod\n+00001680: 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 657f 3139 e: devicetree.19\n+00001690: 3937 3136 0a4e 6f64 653a 2064 6973 7472 9716.Node: distr\n+000016a0: 7573 747f 3230 3032 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a ust.200243.Node:\n+000016b0: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 707f 3230 3130 3239 drivemap.201029\n+000016c0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6368 6f7f 3230 3138 .Node: echo.2018\n+000016d0: 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 7874 66.Node: efitext\n+000016e0: 6d6f 6465 7f32 3032 3834 310a 4e6f 6465 mode.202841.Node\n+000016f0: 3a20 6576 616c 7f32 3035 3037 350a 4e6f : eval.205075.No\n+00001700: 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 7f32 3035 3335 de: export.20535\n+00001710: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 657f 3230 0.Node: false.20\n+00001720: 3536 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 7773 6574 5650.Node: fwset\n+00001730: 7570 7f32 3035 3933 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 up.205939.Node: \n+00001740: 6764 6269 6e66 6f7f 3230 3632 3838 0a4e gdbinfo.206288.N\n+00001750: 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 7f32 3036 ode: gettext.206\n+00001760: 3832 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6770 7473 796e 827.Node: gptsyn\n+00001770: 637f 3230 3732 3733 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 c.207273.Node: h\n+00001780: 616c 747f 3230 3832 3135 0a4e 6f64 653a alt.208215.Node:\n+00001790: 2068 6173 6873 756d 7f32 3038 3539 350a hashsum.208595.\n+000017a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 7f32 3039 3839 Node: help.20989\n+000017b0: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 756d 707f 6.Node: hexdump.\n+000017c0: 3231 3033 3439 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 6e73 210349.Node: ins\n+000017d0: 6d6f 647f 3231 3039 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a mod.210966.Node:\n+000017e0: 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 7f32 3131 3137 keystatus.21117\n+000017f0: 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2.Node: list_env\n+00001800: 7f32 3131 3739 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .211797.Node: li\n+00001810: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 7f32 3132 3135 st_trusted.21215\n+00001820: 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2.Node: load_env\n+00001830: 7f32 3132 3732 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f .212728.Node: lo\n+00001840: 6164 666f 6e74 7f32 3134 3431 340a 4e6f adfont.214414.No\n+00001850: 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 7f32 3134 de: loopback.214\n+00001860: 3737 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 7f32 3135 778.Node: ls.215\n+00001870: 3337 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 370.Node: lsfont\n+00001880: 737f 3231 3538 3937 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c s.215897.Node: l\n+00001890: 736d 6f64 7f32 3136 3036 340a 4e6f 6465 smod.216064.Node\n+000018a0: 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 7f32 3136 3233 390a : md5sum.216239.\n+000018b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f32 3136 Node: module.216\n+000018c0: 3531 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 511.Node: multib\n+000018d0: 6f6f 747f 3231 3638 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a oot.216808.Node:\n+000018e0: 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b7f 3231 3739 nativedisk.2179\n+000018f0: 3036 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c7f 06.Node: normal.\n+00001900: 3231 3832 3930 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 218290.Node: nor\n+00001910: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 7f32 3139 3035 380a mal_exit.219058.\n+00001920: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 7f32 Node: parttool.2\n+00001930: 3139 3336 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 19365.Node: pass\n+00001940: 776f 7264 7f32 3230 3839 320a 4e6f 6465 word.220892.Node\n+00001950: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 : password_pbkdf\n+00001960: 327f 3232 3131 3539 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 2.221159.Node: p\n+00001970: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 747f 3232 3135 3632 lainmount.221562\n+00001980: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e .Node: plainmoun\n+00001990: 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f 3232 3533 t-Footnotes.2253\n+000019a0: 3234 0a52 6566 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 24.Ref: plainmou\n+000019b0: 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 317f 3232 nt-Footnote-1.22\n+000019c0: 3533 3839 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 797f 5389.Node: play.\n+000019d0: 3232 3534 3830 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 726f 225480.Node: pro\n+000019e0: 6265 7f32 3236 3230 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 be.226208.Node: \n+000019f0: 7264 6d73 727f 3232 3636 3739 0a4e 6f64 rdmsr.226679.Nod\n+00001a00: 653a 2072 6561 647f 3232 3734 3531 0a4e e: read.227451.N\n+00001a10: 6f64 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 747f 3232 3738 ode: reboot.2278\n+00001a20: 3934 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 707f 94.Node: regexp.\n+00001a30: 3232 3830 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d 228062.Node: rmm\n+00001a40: 6f64 7f32 3238 3539 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 od.228594.Node: \n+00001a50: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 7f32 3238 3737 320a save_env.228772.\n+00001a60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 7f32 3239 Node: search.229\n+00001a70: 3738 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 789.Node: sendke\n+00001a80: 797f 3233 3134 3033 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 y.231403.Node: s\n+00001a90: 6574 7f32 3337 3931 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 et.237917.Node: \n+00001aa0: 7368 6131 7375 6d7f 3233 3833 3239 0a4e sha1sum.238329.N\n+00001ab0: 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 7f32 ode: sha256sum.2\n+00001ac0: 3338 3630 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 38607.Node: sha5\n+00001ad0: 3132 7375 6d7f 3233 3838 3939 0a4e 6f64 12sum.238899.Nod\n+00001ae0: 653a 2073 6c65 6570 7f32 3339 3138 390a e: sleep.239189.\n+00001af0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 7f32 3339 Node: smbios.239\n+00001b00: 3730 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 702.Node: source\n+00001b10: 7f32 3432 3736 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 .242766.Node: te\n+00001b20: 7374 7f32 3433 3331 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 st.243312.Node: \n+00001b30: 7472 7565 7f32 3436 3138 360a 4e6f 6465 true.246186.Node\n+00001b40: 3a20 7472 7573 747f 3234 3634 3635 0a4e : trust.246465.N\n+00001b50: 6f64 653a 2075 6e73 6574 7f32 3437 3236 ode: unset.24726\n+00001b60: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 8.Node: verify_d\n+00001b70: 6574 6163 6865 647f 3234 3734 3637 0a4e etached.247467.N\n+00001b80: 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 7f32 ode: videoinfo.2\n+00001b90: 3438 3531 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 48511.Node: wrms\n+00001ba0: 727f 3234 3837 3734 0a4e 6f64 653a 204e r.248774.Node: N\n+00001bb0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+00001bc0: 6473 7f32 3439 3535 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ds.249550.Node: \n+00001bd0: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 7f32 3530 net_add_addr.250\n+00001be0: 3632 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 623.Node: net_ad\n+00001bf0: 645f 646e 737f 3235 3131 3437 0a4e 6f64 d_dns.251147.Nod\n+00001c00: 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 e: net_add_route\n+00001c10: 7f32 3531 3432 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .251423.Node: ne\n+00001c20: 745f 626f 6f74 707f 3235 3139 3531 0a4e t_bootp.251951.N\n+00001c30: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 ode: net_del_add\n+00001c40: 727f 3235 3233 3136 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e r.252316.Node: n\n+00001c50: 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 7f32 3532 3535 et_del_dns.25255\n+00001c60: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6.Node: net_del_\n+00001c70: 726f 7574 657f 3235 3238 3033 0a4e 6f64 route.252803.Nod\n+00001c80: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 707f 3235 3330 e: net_dhcp.2530\n+00001c90: 3337 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 37.Node: net_get\n+00001ca0: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 7f32 3535 _dhcp_option.255\n+00001cb0: 3131 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 112.Node: net_ip\n+00001cc0: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 667f 3235 3536 v6_autoconf.2556\n+00001cd0: 3133 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 13.Node: net_ls_\n+00001ce0: 6164 6472 7f32 3536 3033 380a 4e6f 6465 addr.256038.Node\n+00001cf0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 7f32 : net_ls_cards.2\n+00001d00: 3536 3238 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 56286.Node: net_\n+00001d10: 6c73 5f64 6e73 7f32 3536 3532 320a 4e6f ls_dns.256522.No\n+00001d20: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 de: net_ls_route\n+00001d30: 737f 3235 3637 3533 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e s.256753.Node: n\n+00001d40: 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 707f 3235 3639 et_nslookup.2569\n+00001d50: 3630 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 60.Node: net_set\n+00001d60: 5f76 6c61 6e7f 3235 3732 3635 0a4e 6f64 _vlan.257265.Nod\n+00001d70: 653a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 e: Undocumented \n+00001d80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f32 3537 3732 380a 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