{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.wiF9dsSQ/b1/grub2_2.12-3_arm64.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.wiF9dsSQ/b2/grub2_2.12-3_arm64.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n \n a19ab045e378bc2307e4d29713c5e358 10839556 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n e3e31438d6bfce47dd17db539dd7437e 2874336 admin optional grub-common_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n- 5a39c2f489a3460c48a3c676717b6845 940260 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n+ bbcfaa87b15ca5ebf39a4419345cc066 940416 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n 1bd8306d60a8c2764a5c6af6cb2e33be 3014996 debug optional grub-efi-arm64-dbg_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n 31ba4d579f6de5214003b5a0dcbb8b7d 316228 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-signed-template_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n- 921a27c8ddd822ffd24a2159d18ed154 1329580 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n+ 007d8c99f8cc4c1143ef4b36c8ec566e 1329720 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n 278f633c16de7fca6943b34388b71e39 45804 admin optional grub-efi-arm64_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n 46be97728d2f0ded50de2208a4ae8b1c 2376 admin optional grub-efi_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n a29b18afe55278a0c107bdb6f404b592 410076 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.12-3_arm64.udeb\n cb1fd00bb4a32005445debb9fcd7cc51 2156360 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n 20de08873be248fdaf97a9d0ce185da2 1462292 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n- 679d418d5994002a7f8e4004e901923c 605364 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n+ 79ff809e9850dcdd45083de2f4af3a2f 605396 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-3_arm64.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-3_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-3_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6944 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 933124 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 933280 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6576 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6688 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6568 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6680 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6624 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 12248 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4142 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2405 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2403 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 48464 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4608 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3128 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 183512 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5936 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 12312 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 206416 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=arm64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-3_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-3_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1192 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1328196 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1328336 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/gcdaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/gcdaa64.efi", "comments": ["Command `'objdump --all-headers --disassemble-all --line-numbers --no-show-raw-insn {}'` failed with exit code -6. Standard output:", " objdump: ../../opcodes/aarch64-dis.c:251: get_sreg_qualifier_from_value: Assertion `value <= 0x4 && aarch64_get_qualifier_standard_value (qualifier) == value' failed."], "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -152657,15 +152657,15 @@\n 00254500: 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 unicode.pf2.....\n 00254510: 0000 0001 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 .......l.......f\n 00254520: 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 onts........grub\n 00254530: 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 ec00 .cfg............\n 00254540: 0000 0000 0000 9cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 .............. .\n 00254550: 6c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 l...............\n 00254560: 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ac00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-00254570: b6d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 e0d3 ..........W.....\n+00254570: b6d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 e0d3 ................\n 00254580: 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00254590: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002545a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002545b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002545c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002545d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002545e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubaa64.efi", "comments": ["Command `'objdump --all-headers --disassemble-all --line-numbers --no-show-raw-insn {}'` failed with exit code -6. Standard output:", " objdump: ../../opcodes/aarch64-dis.c:251: get_sreg_qualifier_from_value: Assertion `value <= 0x4 && aarch64_get_qualifier_standard_value (qualifier) == value' failed."], "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -177057,15 +177057,15 @@\n 002b3a00: 0000 0000 0000 0300 0000 1c00 1f00 0400 ................\n 002b3a10: 0000 3880 0000 0000 0000 0000 0200 0000 ..8.............\n 002b3a20: 0000 0000 0200 0a00 756e 6963 6f64 652e ........unicode.\n 002b3a30: 7066 3200 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c pf2............l\n 002b3a40: 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 1880 6c00 .......fonts..l.\n 002b3a50: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 ................\n 002b3a60: 0000 0000 0000 94d2 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ................\n-002b3a70: 5704 0000 b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 W...............\n+002b3a70: ae08 0000 b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002b3a80: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002b3a90: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002b3aa0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002b3ab0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002b3ac0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002b3ad0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002b3ae0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64-installer.efi", "comments": ["Command `'objdump --all-headers --disassemble-all --line-numbers --no-show-raw-insn {}'` failed with exit code -6. Standard output:", " objdump: ../../opcodes/aarch64-dis.c:251: get_sreg_qualifier_from_value: Assertion `value <= 0x4 && aarch64_get_qualifier_standard_value (qualifier) == value' failed."], "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -154040,15 +154040,15 @@\n 00259b70: 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c pf2............l\n 00259b80: 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 .......fonts....\n 00259b90: 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 ....grub.cfg....\n 00259ba0: 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 0000 0000 0000 4cd3 ..............L.\n 00259bb0: 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 0000 0000 ...... .l.......\n 00259bc0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259bd0: ac00 0000 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 ........f.......\n-00259be0: 0480 5704 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 ..W.............\n+00259be0: 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259bf0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259c00: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259c10: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259c20: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259c30: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259c40: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259c50: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64.efi", "comments": ["Command `'objdump --all-headers --disassemble-all --line-numbers --no-show-raw-insn {}'` failed with exit code -6. Standard output:", " objdump: ../../opcodes/aarch64-dis.c:251: get_sreg_qualifier_from_value: Assertion `value <= 0x4 && aarch64_get_qualifier_standard_value (qualifier) == value' failed."], "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -154040,15 +154040,15 @@\n 00259b70: 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c pf2............l\n 00259b80: 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 .......fonts....\n 00259b90: 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 ....grub.cfg....\n 00259ba0: 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 0000 0000 0000 4cd3 ..............L.\n 00259bb0: 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 0000 0000 ...... .l.......\n 00259bc0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259bd0: ac00 0000 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 ........f.......\n-00259be0: 0480 5704 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 ..W.............\n+00259be0: 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259bf0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259c00: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259c10: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259c20: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259c30: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259c40: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00259c50: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.12-3_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.12-3_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1376 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 603796 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1380 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 603824 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/doc/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/grub/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1540 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 186 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub.md5sum\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 37891 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87271 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14847 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3574 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87274 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14848 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3579 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1957 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-install.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 921 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-reboot.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 655 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-set-default.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 248 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-grub.8.gz\n lrwxrwxrwx 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/sbin/update-grub2 -> update-grub\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-1", "source2": "grub.info-1", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18889 +1,18889 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.1 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3920 4d61 7920 3230 3234 292e 0a0a 2020 9 May 2024)... \n-00000080: 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 20c2 a90a 3139 Copyright ...19\n-00000090: 3939 2c32 3030 302c 3230 3031 2c32 3030 99,2000,2001,200\n-000000a0: 322c 3230 3034 2c32 3030 362c 3230 3038 2,2004,2006,2008\n-000000b0: 2c32 3030 392c 3230 3130 2c32 3031 312c ,2009,2010,2011,\n-000000c0: 3230 3132 2c32 3031 3320 4672 6565 0a53 2012,2013 Free.S\n-000000d0: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 oftware Foundati\n-000000e0: 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 on, Inc... P\n-000000f0: 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 6973 2067 7261 ermission is gra\n-00000100: 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2c20 6469 nted to copy, di\n-00000110: 7374 7269 6275 7465 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 stribute and/or \n-00000120: 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 modify this. \n-00000130: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 756e 6465 7220 document under \n-00000140: 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6865 the terms of the\n-00000150: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n-00000160: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652c ntation License,\n-00000170: 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 312e . Version 1.\n-00000180: 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 2076 2 or any later v\n-00000190: 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 ersion published\n-000001a0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 6565 2053 6f66 by the Free Sof\n-000001b0: 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 2046 6f75 6e64 tware. Found\n-000001c0: 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2049 ation; with no I\n-000001d0: 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e nvariant Section\n-000001e0: 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 5345 4354 s..INFO-DIR-SECT\n-000001f0: 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c 0a53 5441 5254 ION Kernel.START\n-00000200: 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 590a -INFO-DIR-ENTRY.\n-00000210: 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 7275 6229 2e20 * GRUB: (grub). \n-00000220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000230: 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 556e 6966 6965 The GRand Unifie\n-00000240: 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a 2067 d Bootloader.* g\n-00000250: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 2028 6772 rub-install: (gr\n-00000260: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000270: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 2020 2049 6e73 -install. Ins\n-00000280: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 tall GRUB on you\n-00000290: 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d r drive.* grub-m\n-000002a0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 6772 7562 2949 kconfig: (grub)I\n-000002b0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n-000002c0: 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 onfig. Generate\n-000002d0: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 GRUB configurat\n-000002e0: 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 ion.* grub-mkpas\n-000002f0: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2867 7275 swd-pbkdf2: (gru\n-00000300: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-00000310: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322e mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n-00000320: 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 .* grub-mkrelpat\n-00000330: 683a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e h: (grub)Invokin\n-00000340: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 g grub-mkrelpath\n-00000350: 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ..* grub-mkrescu\n-00000360: 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e e: (grub)Invokin\n-00000370: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652e g grub-mkrescue.\n-00000380: 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 7265 Make a GRUB re\n-00000390: 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2067 7275 scue image.* gru\n-000003a0: 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 6772 7562 2949 b-mount: (grub)I\n-000003b0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 nvoking grub-mou\n-000003c0: 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 nt. Mount\n-000003d0: 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2075 a file system u\n-000003e0: 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 6772 7562 sing GRUB.* grub\n-000003f0: 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e -probe: (grub)In\n-00000400: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 voking grub-prob\n-00000410: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 6520 e. Probe \n-00000420: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 device informati\n-00000430: 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 on.* grub-script\n-00000440: 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e -check: (grub)In\n-00000450: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 voking grub-scri\n-00000460: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a 454e 442d 494e pt-check..END-IN\n-00000470: 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 0a0a 1f0a FO-DIR-ENTRY....\n-00000480: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00000490: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 546f 702c 2020 4e65 Node: Top, Ne\n-000004a0: 7874 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e xt: Introduction\n-000004b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2028 6469 7229 0a0a 474e , Up: (dir)..GN\n-000004c0: 5520 4752 5542 206d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a U GRUB manual.**\n-000004d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 *************..T\n-000004e0: 6869 7320 6973 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d his is the docum\n-000004f0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 474e 5520 entation of GNU \n-00000500: 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 4752 616e 6420 GRUB, the GRand \n-00000510: 556e 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 Unified Bootload\n-00000520: 6572 2c20 610a 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2061 er, a.flexible a\n-00000530: 6e64 2070 6f77 6572 6675 6c20 626f 6f74 nd powerful boot\n-00000540: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 loader program \n-00000550: 666f 7220 6120 7769 6465 2072 616e 6765 for a wide range\n-00000560: 206f 660a 6172 6368 6974 6563 7475 7265 of.architecture\n-00000570: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6564 6974 s... This edit\n-00000580: 696f 6e20 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 7320 7665 ion documents ve\n-00000590: 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2e0a 0a20 2020 rsion 2.12... \n-000005a0: 5468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6973 2066 This manual is f\n-000005b0: 6f72 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 2876 6572 or GNU GRUB (ver\n-000005c0: 7369 6f6e 2032 2e31 322c 2039 204d 6179 sion 2.12, 9 May\n-000005d0: 2032 3032 3429 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 2024)... Copy\n-000005e0: 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 right ...1999,20\n-000005f0: 3030 2c32 3030 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 00,2001,2002,200\n-00000600: 342c 3230 3036 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 4,2006,2008,2009\n-00000610: 2c32 3031 302c 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c ,2010,2011,2012,\n-00000620: 3230 3133 2046 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 2013 Free.Softwa\n-00000630: 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 re Foundation, I\n-00000640: 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 nc... Permis\n-00000650: 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 sion is granted \n-00000660: 746f 2063 6f70 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 to copy, distrib\n-00000670: 7574 6520 616e 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 ute and/or modif\n-00000680: 7920 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 y this. docu\n-00000690: 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 ment under the t\n-000006a0: 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 erms of the GNU \n-000006b0: 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 Free Documentati\n-000006c0: 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 on License,. \n-000006d0: 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 Version 1.2 or \n-000006e0: 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f any later versio\n-000006f0: 6e20 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 n published by t\n-00000700: 6865 2046 7265 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 he Free Software\n-00000710: 0a20 2020 2020 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e . Foundation\n-00000720: 3b20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 ; with no Invari\n-00000730: 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a2a ant Sections...*\n-00000740: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 7472 6f64 Menu:..* Introd\n-00000750: 7563 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 uction:: \n-00000760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4361 7074 7572 696e Capturin\n-00000770: 6720 7468 6520 7370 6972 6974 206f 6620 g the spirit of \n-00000780: 4752 5542 0a2a 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f GRUB.* Naming co\n-00000790: 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 nvention:: \n-000007a0: 2020 2020 204e 616d 6573 206f 6620 796f Names of yo\n-000007b0: 7572 2064 7269 7665 7320 696e 2047 5255 ur drives in GRU\n-000007c0: 420a 2a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 B.* OS-specific \n-000007d0: 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 notes about grub\n-000007e0: 2074 6f6f 6c73 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tools::. \n+00000070: 3131 204a 756e 6520 3230 3235 292e 0a0a 11 June 2025)...\n+00000080: 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 20c2 a90a Copyright ...\n+00000090: 3139 3939 2c32 3030 302c 3230 3031 2c32 1999,2000,2001,2\n+000000a0: 3030 322c 3230 3034 2c32 3030 362c 3230 002,2004,2006,20\n+000000b0: 3038 2c32 3030 392c 3230 3130 2c32 3031 08,2009,2010,201\n+000000c0: 312c 3230 3132 2c32 3031 3320 4672 6565 1,2012,2013 Free\n+000000d0: 0a53 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 .Software Founda\n+000000e0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 tion, Inc... \n+000000f0: 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 6973 2067 Permission is g\n+00000100: 7261 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2c20 ranted to copy, \n+00000110: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2061 6e64 2f6f distribute and/o\n+00000120: 7220 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6869 730a 2020 r modify this. \n+00000130: 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 756e 6465 document unde\n+00000140: 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 r the terms of t\n+00000150: 6865 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 he GNU Free Docu\n+00000160: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n+00000170: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 e,. Version \n+00000180: 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 1.2 or any later\n+00000190: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 6c69 7368 version publish\n+000001a0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 6565 2053 ed by the Free S\n+000001b0: 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 2046 6f75 oftware. Fou\n+000001c0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 6820 6e6f ndation; with no\n+000001d0: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n+000001e0: 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 5345 ons..INFO-DIR-SE\n+000001f0: 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c 0a53 5441 CTION Kernel.STA\n+00000200: 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 RT-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n+00000210: 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 7275 6229 Y.* GRUB: (grub)\n+00000220: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00000230: 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 556e 6966 The GRand Unif\n+00000240: 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a ied Bootloader.*\n+00000250: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 2028 grub-install: (\n+00000260: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+00000270: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 2020 2049 ub-install. I\n+00000280: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 nstall GRUB on y\n+00000290: 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 6772 7562 our drive.* grub\n+000002a0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 6772 7562 -mkconfig: (grub\n+000002b0: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+000002c0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 kconfig. Genera\n+000002d0: 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 te GRUB configur\n+000002e0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 ation.* grub-mkp\n+000002f0: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2867 asswd-pbkdf2: (g\n+00000300: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000310: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+00000320: 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 2..* grub-mkrelp\n+00000330: 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b ath: (grub)Invok\n+00000340: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n+00000350: 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 th..* grub-mkres\n+00000360: 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b cue: (grub)Invok\n+00000370: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n+00000380: 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 e. Make a GRUB \n+00000390: 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2067 rescue image.* g\n+000003a0: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 6772 7562 rub-mount: (grub\n+000003b0: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+000003c0: 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 ount. Mou\n+000003d0: 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d nt a file system\n+000003e0: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 6772 using GRUB.* gr\n+000003f0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 7275 6229 ub-probe: (grub)\n+00000400: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 Invoking grub-pr\n+00000410: 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 obe. Prob\n+00000420: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 e device informa\n+00000430: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 tion.* grub-scri\n+00000440: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 7275 6229 pt-check: (grub)\n+00000450: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n+00000460: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a 454e 442d ript-check..END-\n+00000470: 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 0a0a INFO-DIR-ENTRY..\n+00000480: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00000490: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 546f 702c 2020 o, Node: Top, \n+000004a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 Next: Introducti\n+000004b0: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2028 6469 7229 0a0a on, Up: (dir)..\n+000004c0: 474e 5520 4752 5542 206d 616e 7561 6c0a GNU GRUB manual.\n+000004d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+000004e0: 0a54 6869 7320 6973 2074 6865 2064 6f63 .This is the doc\n+000004f0: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 474e umentation of GN\n+00000500: 5520 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 4752 616e U GRUB, the GRan\n+00000510: 6420 556e 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f d Unified Bootlo\n+00000520: 6164 6572 2c20 610a 666c 6578 6962 6c65 ader, a.flexible\n+00000530: 2061 6e64 2070 6f77 6572 6675 6c20 626f and powerful bo\n+00000540: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7072 6f67 7261 ot loader progra\n+00000550: 6d20 666f 7220 6120 7769 6465 2072 616e m for a wide ran\n+00000560: 6765 206f 660a 6172 6368 6974 6563 7475 ge of.architectu\n+00000570: 7265 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6564 res... This ed\n+00000580: 6974 696f 6e20 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 7320 ition documents \n+00000590: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2e0a 0a20 version 2.12... \n+000005a0: 2020 5468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6973 This manual is\n+000005b0: 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 2876 for GNU GRUB (v\n+000005c0: 6572 7369 6f6e 2032 2e31 322c 2031 3120 ersion 2.12, 11 \n+000005d0: 4a75 6e65 2032 3032 3529 2e0a 0a20 2020 June 2025)... \n+000005e0: 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 0a31 3939 Copyright ...199\n+000005f0: 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c 3230 3032 9,2000,2001,2002\n+00000600: 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 3030 382c ,2004,2006,2008,\n+00000610: 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 3131 2c32 2009,2010,2011,2\n+00000620: 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 650a 536f 012,2013 Free.So\n+00000630: 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f ftware Foundatio\n+00000640: 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5065 n, Inc... Pe\n+00000650: 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6772 616e rmission is gran\n+00000660: 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c 2064 6973 ted to copy, dis\n+00000670: 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f 6f72 206d tribute and/or m\n+00000680: 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 odify this. \n+00000690: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 6572 2074 document under t\n+000006a0: 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6520 he terms of the \n+000006b0: 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e GNU Free Documen\n+000006c0: 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c0a tation License,.\n+000006d0: 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 Version 1.2\n+000006e0: 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 7665 or any later ve\n+000006f0: 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 rsion published \n+00000700: 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 536f 6674 by the Free Soft\n+00000710: 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f 756e 6461 ware. Founda\n+00000720: 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 496e tion; with no In\n+00000730: 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 variant Sections\n+00000740: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e ...* Menu:..* In\n+00000750: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 troduction:: \n+00000760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4361 7074 Capt\n+00000770: 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7370 6972 6974 uring the spirit\n+00000780: 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a2a 204e 616d 696e of GRUB.* Namin\n+00000790: 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 g convention:: \n+000007a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 616d 6573 206f Names o\n+000007b0: 6620 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 7320 696e f your drives in\n+000007c0: 2047 5255 420a 2a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 GRUB.* OS-speci\n+000007d0: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 fic notes about \n+000007e0: 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 3a3a 0a20 2020 grub tools::. \n 000007f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6e6f Some no\n-00000810: 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 4f53 2d73 7065 tes about OS-spe\n-00000820: 6369 6669 6320 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 cific behaviour \n-00000830: 6f66 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of GRUB. \n+00000800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f6d Som\n+00000810: 6520 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 4f53 e notes about OS\n+00000820: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6265 6861 7669 -specific behavi\n+00000830: 6f75 7220 6f66 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 our of GRUB. \n 00000840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f 6f6c 730a 2a20 tools.* \n-00000860: 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 Installation:: \n-00000870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e In\n-00000880: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6f6e stalling GRUB on\n-00000890: 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 426f your drive.* Bo\n-000008a0: 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 oting:: \n-000008b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 How \n-000008c0: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6469 6666 6572 656e to boot differen\n-000008d0: 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 t operating syst\n-000008e0: 656d 730a 2a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ems.* Configurat\n-000008f0: 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ion:: \n-00000900: 2020 2020 5772 6974 696e 6720 796f 7572 Writing your\n-00000910: 206f 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 own configurati\n-00000920: 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 5468 656d 6520 on file.* Theme \n-00000930: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a20 2020 file format:: \n-00000940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 726d 6174 206f Format o\n-00000950: 6620 4752 5542 2074 6865 6d65 2066 696c f GRUB theme fil\n-00000960: 6573 0a2a 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2020 es.* Network:: \n-00000970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000980: 2020 2044 6f77 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 204f Downloading O\n-00000990: 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 S images from a \n-000009a0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a20 5365 7269 616c network.* Serial\n-000009b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 terminal:: \n-000009c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 696e 6720 4752 Using GR\n-000009d0: 5542 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 UB via a serial \n-000009e0: 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f line.* Vendor po\n-000009f0: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a20 2020 wer-on keys:: \n-00000a00: 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 4752 Changing GR\n-00000a10: 5542 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 UB behaviour on \n-00000a20: 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 vendor power-on \n-00000a30: 6b65 7973 0a2a 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a20 keys.* Images:: \n-00000a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000a50: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6520 GRUB image \n-00000a60: 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 files.* Core ima\n-00000a70: 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 ge size limitati\n-00000a80: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 on:: GRUB image\n-00000a90: 2066 696c 6573 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 files size limi\n-00000aa0: 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 7379 tations.* Filesy\n-00000ab0: 7374 656d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 stem:: \n-00000ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 Filesyst\n-00000ad0: 656d 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 em syntax and se\n-00000ae0: 6d61 6e74 6963 730a 2a20 496e 7465 7266 mantics.* Interf\n-00000af0: 6163 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ace:: \n-00000b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 The menu\n-00000b10: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and the command\n-00000b20: 2d6c 696e 650a 2a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d -line.* Environm\n-00000b30: 656e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ent:: \n-00000b40: 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2065 6e76 6972 GRUB envir\n-00000b50: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00000b60: 0a2a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 .* Modules:: \n+00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f 6f6c tool\n+00000860: 730a 2a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e s.* Installation\n+00000870: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00000880: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 Installing GRU\n+00000890: 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a B on your drive.\n+000008a0: 2a20 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 * Booting:: \n+000008b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000008c0: 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6469 6666 How to boot diff\n+000008d0: 6572 656e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 erent operating \n+000008e0: 7379 7374 656d 730a 2a20 436f 6e66 6967 systems.* Config\n+000008f0: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 uration:: \n+00000900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 6974 696e 6720 Writing \n+00000910: 796f 7572 206f 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 your own configu\n+00000920: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 5468 ration file.* Th\n+00000930: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a eme file format:\n+00000940: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 726d : Form\n+00000950: 6174 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6865 6d65 at of GRUB theme\n+00000960: 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 204e 6574 776f 726b files.* Network\n+00000970: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00000980: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e6c 6f61 6469 Downloadi\n+00000990: 6e67 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f ng OS images fro\n+000009a0: 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a20 5365 m a network.* Se\n+000009b0: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3a 3a20 rial terminal:: \n+000009c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 696e Usin\n+000009d0: 6720 4752 5542 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 g GRUB via a ser\n+000009e0: 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2056 656e 646f ial line.* Vendo\n+000009f0: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a r power-on keys:\n+00000a00: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e : Changin\n+00000a10: 6720 4752 5542 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 g GRUB behaviour\n+00000a20: 206f 6e20 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 on vendor power\n+00000a30: 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a 2049 6d61 6765 -on keys.* Image\n+00000a40: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n+00000a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 696d GRUB im\n+00000a60: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 436f 7265 age files.* Core\n+00000a70: 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 image size limi\n+00000a80: 7461 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 4752 5542 2069 tation:: GRUB i\n+00000a90: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 2073 697a 6520 mage files size \n+00000aa0: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 4669 limitations.* Fi\n+00000ab0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 lesystem:: \n+00000ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 File\n+00000ad0: 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e system syntax an\n+00000ae0: 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 730a 2a20 496e d semantics.* In\n+00000af0: 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 terface:: \n+00000b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+00000b10: 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2063 6f6d menu and the com\n+00000b20: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 2a20 456e 7669 mand-line.* Envi\n+00000b30: 726f 6e6d 656e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ronment:: \n+00000b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2065 GRUB e\n+00000b50: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00000b60: 626c 6573 0a2a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 3a3a bles.* Modules::\n 00000b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000b80: 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c Available modul\n-00000b90: 6573 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a20 es.* Commands:: \n-00000ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000bb0: 2020 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2062 7569 Available bui\n-00000bc0: 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a20 ltin commands.* \n-00000bd0: 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 Internationalisa\n-00000be0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 546f tion:: To\n-00000bf0: 7069 6373 2072 656c 6174 696e 6720 746f pics relating to\n-00000c00: 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 7375 7070 6f72 language suppor\n-00000c10: 740a 2a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2020 t.* Security:: \n-00000c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000c30: 2020 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e Authentication\n-00000c40: 2c20 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c , authorisation,\n-00000c50: 2061 6e64 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a and signatures.\n-00000c60: 2a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 * Platform limit\n-00000c70: 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ations:: \n-00000c80: 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Platform-specifi\n-00000c90: 6320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 c limitations.* \n-00000ca0: 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Platform-specifi\n-00000cb0: 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a 2050 c operations:: P\n-00000cc0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform-specific\n-00000cd0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 5375 operations.* Su\n-00000ce0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 733a pported kernels:\n-00000cf0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5375 7070 : Supp\n-00000d00: 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 2a20 orted kernels.* \n-00000d10: 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 673a Troubleshooting:\n-00000d20: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4572 : Er\n-00000d30: 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f ror messages pro\n-00000d40: 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a20 duced by GRUB.* \n-00000d50: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n-00000d60: 7469 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 ties:: Us\n-00000d70: 6167 6520 6f66 2075 7365 722d 7370 6163 age of user-spac\n-00000d80: 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a20 4f62 e utilities.* Ob\n-00000d90: 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c taining and Buil\n-00000da0: 6469 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a20 486f 7720 ding GRUB:: How \n-00000db0: 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 6275 to obtain and bu\n-00000dc0: 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2052 6570 6f72 ild GRUB.* Repor\n-00000dd0: 7469 6e67 2062 7567 733a 3a20 2020 2020 ting bugs:: \n-00000de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 7265 2079 Where y\n-00000df0: 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7365 6e64 2061 ou should send a\n-00000e00: 2062 7567 2072 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 bug report.* Fu\n-00000e10: 7475 7265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ture:: \n-00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 6d65 Some\n-00000e30: 2066 7574 7572 6520 706c 616e 7320 6f6e future plans on\n-00000e40: 2047 5255 420a 2a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 GRUB.* Copying \n-00000e50: 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 This Manual:: \n-00000e60: 2020 2020 2020 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 Copying Th\n-00000e70: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 is Manual.* Inde\n-00000e80: 783a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 x::....File: gru\n-00000e90: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n-00000ea0: 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 ntroduction, Ne\n-00000eb0: 7874 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 xt: Naming conve\n-00000ec0: 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 546f ntion, Prev: To\n-00000ed0: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 2049 p, Up: Top..1 I\n-00000ee0: 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2047 ntroduction to G\n-00000ef0: 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a RUB.************\n-00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 **********..* Me\n-00000f10: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204f 7665 7276 6965 773a nu:..* Overview:\n-00000f20: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00000f30: 2020 2020 2057 6861 7420 6578 6163 746c What exactl\n-00000f40: 7920 4752 5542 2069 7320 616e 6420 686f y GRUB is and ho\n-00000f50: 7720 746f 2075 7365 2069 740a 2a20 4869 w to use it.* Hi\n-00000f60: 7374 6f72 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 story:: \n-00000f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4672 6f6d From\n-00000f80: 206d 6167 676f 7420 746f 2068 6f75 7365 maggot to house\n-00000f90: 2066 6c79 0a2a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 fly.* Changes f\n-00000fa0: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a rom GRUB Legacy:\n-00000fb0: 3a20 2020 2044 6966 6665 7265 6e63 6573 : Differences\n-00000fc0: 2066 726f 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 from previous v\n-00000fd0: 6572 7369 6f6e 730a 2a20 4665 6174 7572 ersions.* Featur\n-00000fe0: 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es:: \n-00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2066 6561 GRUB fea\n-00001000: 7475 7265 730a 2a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 tures.* Role of \n-00001010: 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 a boot loader:: \n-00001020: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 726f 6c65 206f The role o\n-00001030: 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a f a boot loader.\n-00001040: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00001050: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 fo, Node: Overv\n-00001060: 6965 772c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4869 7374 iew, Next: Hist\n-00001070: 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 ory, Up: Introd\n-00001080: 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3120 4f76 6572 uction..1.1 Over\n-00001090: 7669 6577 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d view.===========\n-000010a0: 3d0a 0a42 7269 6566 6c79 2c20 6120 e280 =..Briefly, a ..\n-000010b0: 9c62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9d20 .boot loader... \n-000010c0: 6973 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6f66 is the first sof\n-000010d0: 7477 6172 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 7468 tware program th\n-000010e0: 6174 2072 756e 7320 7768 656e 2061 0a63 at runs when a.c\n-000010f0: 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 omputer starts. \n-00001100: 2049 7420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 It is responsib\n-00001110: 6c65 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 le for loading a\n-00001120: 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6665 7272 696e 6720 nd transferring \n-00001130: 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f 2061 6e20 6f70 control.to an op\n-00001140: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 20e2 erating system .\n-00001150: 809c 6b65 726e 656c e280 9d20 736f 6674 ..kernel... soft\n-00001160: 7761 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 4c69 ware (such as Li\n-00001170: 6e75 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d 6163 6829 nux or GNU Mach)\n-00001180: 2e0a 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 696e ..The kernel, in\n-00001190: 2074 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a turn, initializ\n-000011a0: 6573 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 es the rest of t\n-000011b0: 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 he operating sys\n-000011c0: 7465 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 474e 5520 tem (e.g..a GNU \n-000011d0: 7379 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 4e55 system)... GNU\n-000011e0: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 GRUB is a very \n-000011f0: 706f 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f powerful boot lo\n-00001200: 6164 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 ader, which can \n-00001210: 6c6f 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a 7661 7269 load a wide.vari\n-00001220: 6574 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 6f70 6572 ety of free oper\n-00001230: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 ating systems, a\n-00001240: 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 6f70 7269 s well as propri\n-00001250: 6574 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e 670a etary operating.\n-00001260: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 2063 6861 systems with cha\n-00001270: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 2920 282a in-loading(1) (*\n-00001280: 6e6f 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f note Overview-Fo\n-00001290: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 4752 otnote-1::). GR\n-000012a0: 5542 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 UB is.designed t\n-000012b0: 6f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6520 636f o address the co\n-000012c0: 6d70 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 mplexity of boot\n-000012d0: 696e 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e 616c 2063 ing a personal c\n-000012e0: 6f6d 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 680a 7468 omputer; both.th\n-000012f0: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e 6420 7468 e program and th\n-00001300: 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 6520 7469 is manual are ti\n-00001310: 6768 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 746f 2074 ghtly bound to t\n-00001320: 6861 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2070 6c61 hat computer pla\n-00001330: 7466 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f 7567 6820 tform,.although \n-00001340: 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f 7468 6572 porting to other\n-00001350: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d 6179 2062 platforms may b\n-00001360: 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 696e 2074 e addressed in t\n-00001370: 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 2020 204f he future... O\n-00001380: 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 706f 7274 ne of the import\n-00001390: 616e 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 2069 6e20 ant features in \n-000013a0: 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 696c GRUB is flexibil\n-000013b0: 6974 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e 6465 7273 ity; GRUB.unders\n-000013c0: 7461 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d tands filesystem\n-000013d0: 7320 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2065 7865 s and kernel exe\n-000013e0: 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 732c cutable formats,\n-000013f0: 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 so you can load\n-00001400: 0a61 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 6f70 .an arbitrary op\n-00001410: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2074 erating system t\n-00001420: 6865 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c 696b 652c he way you like,\n-00001430: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 6f72 6469 without recordi\n-00001440: 6e67 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 ng the.physical \n-00001450: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 796f 7572 position of your\n-00001460: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 kernel on the d\n-00001470: 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 6f75 2063 isk. Thus you c\n-00001480: 616e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 650a 6b65 726e an load the.kern\n-00001490: 656c 206a 7573 7420 6279 2073 7065 6369 el just by speci\n-000014a0: 6679 696e 6720 6974 7320 6669 6c65 206e fying its file n\n-000014b0: 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 6472 6976 ame and the driv\n-000014c0: 6520 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a e and partition.\n-000014d0: 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c where the kernel\n-000014e0: 2072 6573 6964 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 resides... Wh\n-000014f0: 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 6974 6820 en booting with \n-00001500: 4752 5542 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 GRUB, you can us\n-00001510: 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 e either a comma\n-00001520: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n-00001530: 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e.(*note Command\n-00001540: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a -line interface:\n-00001550: 3a29 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 696e :), or a menu in\n-00001560: 7465 7266 6163 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204d terface (*note M\n-00001570: 656e 750a 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 enu.interface::)\n-00001580: 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d . Using the com\n-00001590: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n-000015a0: 6163 652c 2079 6f75 2074 7970 6520 7468 ace, you type th\n-000015b0: 6520 6472 6976 650a 7370 6563 6966 6963 e drive.specific\n-000015c0: 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e ation and file n\n-000015d0: 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 ame of the kerne\n-000015e0: 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 2049 6e20 l manually. In \n-000015f0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 the menu.interfa\n-00001600: 6365 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 7374 2073 656c ce, you just sel\n-00001610: 6563 7420 616e 204f 5320 7573 696e 6720 ect an OS using \n-00001620: 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 2e20 the arrow keys. \n-00001630: 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a62 6173 The menu is.bas\n-00001640: 6564 206f 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ed on a configur\n-00001650: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6869 6368 ation file which\n-00001660: 2079 6f75 2070 7265 7061 7265 2062 6566 you prepare bef\n-00001670: 6f72 6568 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a43 orehand (*note.C\n-00001680: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e onfiguration::).\n-00001690: 2020 5768 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d While in the m\n-000016a0: 656e 752c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7769 enu, you can swi\n-000016b0: 7463 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 tch to the comma\n-000016c0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e nd-line.mode, an\n-000016d0: 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 2e20 2059 d vice-versa. Y\n-000016e0: 6f75 2063 616e 2065 7665 6e20 6564 6974 ou can even edit\n-000016f0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 menu entries be\n-00001700: 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e fore using them.\n-00001710: 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c .. In the foll\n-00001720: 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 2c20 owing chapters, \n-00001730: 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e 2068 you will learn h\n-00001740: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 ow to specify a \n-00001750: 6472 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 7469 drive, a.partiti\n-00001760: 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 206e on, and a file n\n-00001770: 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e ame (*note Namin\n-00001780: 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 g convention::) \n-00001790: 746f 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a to GRUB, how to.\n-000017a0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 install GRUB on \n-000017b0: 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 your drive (*not\n-000017c0: 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a e Installation::\n-000017d0: 292c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 626f ), and how to bo\n-000017e0: 6f74 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e ot your.OSes (*n\n-000017f0: 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 ote Booting::), \n-00001800: 7374 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f step by step....\n-00001810: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00001820: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 , Node: Overvie\n-00001830: 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 w-Footnotes, Up\n-00001840: 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 : Overview.. (\n-00001850: 3129 20e2 809c 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 1) ...chain-load\n-00001860: e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 6861 ... is the mecha\n-00001870: 6e69 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 nism for loading\n-00001880: 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 7065 unsupported ope\n-00001890: 7261 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2062 rating.systems b\n-000018a0: 7920 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 y loading anothe\n-000018b0: 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 r boot loader. \n-000018c0: 4974 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 It is typically \n-000018d0: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 6e67 used for.loading\n-000018e0: 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 732e DOS or Windows.\n-000018f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00001900: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 7374 nfo, Node: Hist\n-00001910: 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 616e ory, Next: Chan\n-00001920: 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 ges from GRUB Le\n-00001930: 6761 6379 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 7665 gacy, Prev: Ove\n-00001940: 7276 6965 772c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 rview, Up: Intr\n-00001950: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 4869 oduction..1.2 Hi\n-00001960: 7374 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 5255 420a 3d3d story of GRUB.==\n-00001970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001980: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 6967 696e 6174 =..GRUB originat\n-00001990: 6564 2069 6e20 3139 3935 2077 6865 6e20 ed in 1995 when \n-000019a0: 4572 6963 6820 426f 6c65 796e 2077 6173 Erich Boleyn was\n-000019b0: 2074 7279 696e 6720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 trying to boot \n-000019c0: 7468 6520 474e 550a 4875 7264 2077 6974 the GNU.Hurd wit\n-000019d0: 6820 7468 6520 556e 6976 6572 7369 7479 h the University\n-000019e0: 206f 6620 5574 6168 2773 204d 6163 6820 of Utah's Mach \n-000019f0: 3420 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 286e 4 microkernel (n\n-00001a00: 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 474e 550a ow known as GNU.\n-00001a10: 4d61 6368 292e 2020 4572 6963 6820 616e Mach). Erich an\n-00001a20: 6420 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 2064 6573 d Brian Ford des\n-00001a30: 6967 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 igned the Multib\n-00001a40: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n-00001a50: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 626f n (*note.Multibo\n-00001a60: 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ot Specification\n-00001a70: 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 : (multiboot)Top\n-00001a80: 2e29 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 .), because they\n-00001a90: 2077 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 were determined\n-00001aa0: 0a6e 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 2074 .not to add to t\n-00001ab0: 6865 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d 6265 7220 he large number \n-00001ac0: 6f66 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d 696e 636f of mutually-inco\n-00001ad0: 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 626f 6f74 mpatible PC boot\n-00001ae0: 206d 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4572 methods... Er\n-00001af0: 6963 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 616e 206d ich then began m\n-00001b00: 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2046 7265 odifying the Fre\n-00001b10: 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 eBSD boot loader\n-00001b20: 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c so that it woul\n-00001b30: 640a 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 204d 756c d.understand Mul\n-00001b40: 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 736f 6f6e tiboot. He soon\n-00001b50: 2072 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 6174 2069 realized that i\n-00001b60: 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c 6f74 t would be a lot\n-00001b70: 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 7269 7465 easier to.write\n-00001b80: 2068 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f his own boot lo\n-00001b90: 6164 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 7261 7463 ader from scratc\n-00001ba0: 6820 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2077 h than to keep w\n-00001bb0: 6f72 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 4672 orking on the.Fr\n-00001bc0: 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 eeBSD boot loade\n-00001bd0: 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 5542 2077 r, and so GRUB w\n-00001be0: 6173 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 7269 as born... Eri\n-00001bf0: 6368 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e 7920 6665 ch added many fe\n-00001c00: 6174 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 atures to GRUB, \n-00001c10: 6275 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 but other priori\n-00001c20: 7469 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 6564 2068 ties prevented h\n-00001c30: 696d 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 696e 6720 im.from keeping \n-00001c40: 7570 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6465 6d61 up with the dema\n-00001c50: 6e64 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 7569 636b nds of its quick\n-00001c60: 6c79 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 2075 7365 ly-expanding use\n-00001c70: 7220 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 3939 r base. In.1999\n-00001c80: 2c20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b , Gordon Matzigk\n-00001c90: 6569 7420 616e 6420 596f 7368 696e 6f72 eit and Yoshinor\n-00001ca0: 6920 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 646f 7074 i K. Okuji adopt\n-00001cb0: 6564 2047 5255 4220 6173 2061 6e0a 6f66 ed GRUB as an.of\n-00001cc0: 6669 6369 616c 2047 4e55 2070 6163 6b61 ficial GNU packa\n-00001cd0: 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 656e 6564 2069 ge, and opened i\n-00001ce0: 7473 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2062 ts development b\n-00001cf0: 7920 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 206c 6174 y making the lat\n-00001d00: 6573 740a 736f 7572 6365 7320 6176 6169 est.sources avai\n-00001d10: 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6120 616e 6f6e 796d lable via anonym\n-00001d20: 6f75 7320 4356 532e 202a 4e6f 7465 204f ous CVS. *Note O\n-00001d30: 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 btaining and Bui\n-00001d40: 6c64 696e 670a 4752 5542 3a3a 2c20 666f lding.GRUB::, fo\n-00001d50: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 r more informati\n-00001d60: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 2074 6865 on... Over the\n-00001d70: 206e 6578 7420 6665 7720 7965 6172 732c next few years,\n-00001d80: 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6578 7465 6e64 GRUB was extend\n-00001d90: 6564 2074 6f20 6d65 6574 206d 616e 7920 ed to meet many \n-00001da0: 6e65 6564 732c 2062 7574 2069 740a 7175 needs, but it.qu\n-00001db0: 6963 6b6c 7920 6265 6361 6d65 2063 6c65 ickly became cle\n-00001dc0: 6172 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 6465 7369 ar that its desi\n-00001dd0: 676e 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206b 6565 7069 gn was not keepi\n-00001de0: 6e67 2075 7020 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a65 ng up with the.e\n-00001df0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 696e 6720 xtensions being \n-00001e00: 6d61 6465 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 made to it, and \n-00001e10: 7765 2072 6561 6368 6564 2074 6865 2070 we reached the p\n-00001e20: 6f69 6e74 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 7761 oint where it wa\n-00001e30: 7320 7665 7279 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 s very.difficult\n-00001e40: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 2066 7572 to make any fur\n-00001e50: 7468 6572 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 6974 ther changes wit\n-00001e60: 686f 7574 2062 7265 616b 696e 6720 6578 hout breaking ex\n-00001e70: 6973 7469 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 7265 732e isting.features.\n-00001e80: 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 2032 3030 322c 2059 Around 2002, Y\n-00001e90: 6f73 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 2e20 4f6b 756a oshinori K. Okuj\n-00001ea0: 6920 7374 6172 7465 6420 776f 726b 206f i started work o\n-00001eb0: 6e20 5055 5041 0a28 5072 656c 696d 696e n PUPA.(Prelimin\n-00001ec0: 6172 7920 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c20 5072 ary Universal Pr\n-00001ed0: 6f67 7261 6d6d 696e 6720 4172 6368 6974 ogramming Archit\n-00001ee0: 6563 7475 7265 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2047 ecture for GNU G\n-00001ef0: 5255 4229 2c20 6169 6d69 6e67 2074 6f0a RUB), aiming to.\n-00001f00: 7265 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 rewrite the core\n-00001f10: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 of GRUB to make\n-00001f20: 2069 7420 636c 6561 6e65 722c 2073 6166 it cleaner, saf\n-00001f30: 6572 2c20 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742c er, more robust,\n-00001f40: 2061 6e64 0a6d 6f72 6520 706f 7765 7266 and.more powerf\n-00001f50: 756c 2e20 2050 5550 4120 7761 7320 6576 ul. PUPA was ev\n-00001f60: 656e 7475 616c 6c79 2072 656e 616d 6564 entually renamed\n-00001f70: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 616e 6420 to GRUB 2, and \n-00001f80: 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 0a76 6572 the original.ver\n-00001f90: 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 sion of GRUB was\n-00001fa0: 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 renamed to GRUB\n-00001fb0: 204c 6567 6163 792e 2020 536d 616c 6c20 Legacy. Small \n-00001fc0: 616d 6f75 6e74 7320 6f66 0a6d 6169 6e74 amounts of.maint\n-00001fd0: 656e 616e 6365 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6564 enance continued\n-00001fe0: 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6f6e 2047 to be done on G\n-00001ff0: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 6275 7420 RUB Legacy, but \n-00002000: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2072 656c 6561 7365 the last release\n-00002010: 0a28 302e 3937 2920 7761 7320 6d61 6465 .(0.97) was made\n-00002020: 2069 6e20 3230 3035 2061 6e64 2061 7420 in 2005 and at \n-00002030: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 206f 6620 7772 6974 the time of writ\n-00002040: 696e 6720 6974 2073 6565 6d73 2075 6e6c ing it seems unl\n-00002050: 696b 656c 790a 7468 6174 2074 6865 7265 ikely.that there\n-00002060: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 will be another\n-00002070: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4279 2061 726f 756e 6420 ... By around \n-00002080: 3230 3037 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 2007, GNU/Linux \n-00002090: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 distributions st\n-000020a0: 6172 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2047 5255 arted to use GRU\n-000020b0: 4220 3220 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 2065 B 2 to.limited e\n-000020c0: 7874 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2074 xtents, and by t\n-000020d0: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 3230 3039 206d he end of 2009 m\n-000020e0: 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 7220 6469 ultiple major di\n-000020f0: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 730a 7765 7265 stributions.were\n-00002100: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 6974 2062 installing it b\n-00002110: 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 y default.....Fi\n-00002120: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00002130: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 Node: Changes fr\n-00002140: 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 om GRUB Legacy, \n-00002150: 204e 6578 743a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732c Next: Features,\n-00002160: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c Prev: History,\n-00002170: 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 Up: Introducti\n-00002180: 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 6666 6572 656e on..1.3 Differen\n-00002190: 6365 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 ces from previou\n-000021a0: 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d s versions.=====\n+00000b80: 2020 2020 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206d Available m\n+00000b90: 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 odules.* Command\n+00000ba0: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n+00000bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 Available\n+00000bc0: 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 builtin command\n+00000bd0: 730a 2a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 s.* Internationa\n+00000be0: 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 lisation:: \n+00000bf0: 2020 546f 7069 6373 2072 656c 6174 696e Topics relatin\n+00000c00: 6720 746f 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 7375 g to language su\n+00000c10: 7070 6f72 740a 2a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 pport.* Security\n+00000c20: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00000c30: 2020 2020 2020 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 Authentica\n+00000c40: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 tion, authorisat\n+00000c50: 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 6967 6e61 7475 ion, and signatu\n+00000c60: 7265 730a 2a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c res.* Platform l\n+00000c70: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 imitations:: \n+00000c80: 2020 2020 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 Platform-spe\n+00000c90: 6369 6669 6320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e cific limitation\n+00000ca0: 730a 2a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 s.* Platform-spe\n+00000cb0: 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 cific operations\n+00000cc0: 3a3a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 :: Platform-spec\n+00000cd0: 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 730a ific operations.\n+00000ce0: 2a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e * Supported kern\n+00000cf0: 656c 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 els:: \n+00000d00: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c Supported kernel\n+00000d10: 730a 2a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 s.* Troubleshoot\n+00000d20: 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing:: \n+00000d30: 2020 4572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 Error messages\n+00000d40: 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 produced by GRU\n+00000d50: 420a 2a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 B.* User-space u\n+00000d60: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 tilities:: \n+00000d70: 2020 5573 6167 6520 6f66 2075 7365 722d Usage of user-\n+00000d80: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n+00000d90: 2a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 * Obtaining and \n+00000da0: 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a20 Building GRUB:: \n+00000db0: 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e How to obtain an\n+00000dc0: 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2052 d build GRUB.* R\n+00000dd0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 733a 3a20 eporting bugs:: \n+00000de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 Whe\n+00000df0: 7265 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7365 re you should se\n+00000e00: 6e64 2061 2062 7567 2072 6570 6f72 740a nd a bug report.\n+00000e10: 2a20 4675 7475 7265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * Future:: \n+00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000e30: 536f 6d65 2066 7574 7572 6520 706c 616e Some future plan\n+00000e40: 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 436f 7079 s on GRUB.* Copy\n+00000e50: 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c3a ing This Manual:\n+00000e60: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7079 696e : Copyin\n+00000e70: 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 g This Manual.* \n+00000e80: 496e 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a Index::....File:\n+00000e90: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00000ea0: 653a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e2c e: Introduction,\n+00000eb0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 Next: Naming c\n+00000ec0: 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 onvention, Prev\n+00000ed0: 3a20 546f 702c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a : Top, Up: Top.\n+00000ee0: 0a31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e20 .1 Introduction \n+00000ef0: 746f 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a to GRUB.********\n+00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00000f10: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204f 7665 7276 * Menu:..* Overv\n+00000f20: 6965 773a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iew:: \n+00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6861 7420 6578 What ex\n+00000f40: 6163 746c 7920 4752 5542 2069 7320 616e actly GRUB is an\n+00000f50: 6420 686f 7720 746f 2075 7365 2069 740a d how to use it.\n+00000f60: 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a20 2020 2020 * History:: \n+00000f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000f80: 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 676f 7420 746f 2068 From maggot to h\n+00000f90: 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a 2043 6861 6e67 ouse fly.* Chang\n+00000fa0: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 es from GRUB Leg\n+00000fb0: 6163 793a 3a20 2020 2044 6966 6665 7265 acy:: Differe\n+00000fc0: 6e63 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7072 6576 696f nces from previo\n+00000fd0: 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 730a 2a20 4665 us versions.* Fe\n+00000fe0: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 atures:: \n+00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 GRUB\n+00001000: 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 2a20 526f 6c65 features.* Role\n+00001010: 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 of a boot loade\n+00001020: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 726f r:: The ro\n+00001030: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 le of a boot loa\n+00001040: 6465 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 der....File: gru\n+00001050: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f b.info, Node: O\n+00001060: 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 verview, Next: \n+00001070: 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e History, Up: In\n+00001080: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3120 troduction..1.1 \n+00001090: 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Overview.=======\n+000010a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7269 6566 6c79 2c20 =====..Briefly, \n+000010b0: 6120 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 a ...boot loader\n+000010c0: e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ... is the first\n+000010d0: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7072 6f67 7261 software progra\n+000010e0: 6d20 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7768 656e m that runs when\n+000010f0: 2061 0a63 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7374 6172 a.computer star\n+00001100: 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6573 706f ts. It is respo\n+00001110: 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 nsible for loadi\n+00001120: 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6665 7272 ng and transferr\n+00001130: 696e 6720 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f 2061 ing control.to a\n+00001140: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n+00001150: 656d 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c e280 9d20 em ...kernel... \n+00001160: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 software (such a\n+00001170: 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d s Linux or GNU M\n+00001180: 6163 6829 2e0a 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c ach)..The kernel\n+00001190: 2c20 696e 2074 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 , in turn, initi\n+000011a0: 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 alizes the rest \n+000011b0: 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 of the operating\n+000011c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 system (e.g..a \n+000011d0: 474e 5520 7379 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 GNU system)... \n+000011e0: 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 GNU GRUB is a v\n+000011f0: 6572 7920 706f 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f ery powerful boo\n+00001200: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 t loader, which \n+00001210: 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a can load a wide.\n+00001220: 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 variety of free \n+00001230: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00001240: 732c 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 s, as well as pr\n+00001250: 6f70 7269 6574 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 oprietary operat\n+00001260: 696e 670a 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 ing.systems with\n+00001270: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 chain-loading(1\n+00001280: 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 ) (*note Overvie\n+00001290: 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e w-Footnote-1::).\n+000012a0: 2020 4752 5542 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e GRUB is.design\n+000012b0: 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 ed to address th\n+000012c0: 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 e complexity of \n+000012d0: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e booting a person\n+000012e0: 616c 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 al computer; bot\n+000012f0: 680a 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e h.the program an\n+00001300: 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 d this manual ar\n+00001310: 6520 7469 6768 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 e tightly bound \n+00001320: 746f 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 to that computer\n+00001330: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f platform,.altho\n+00001340: 7567 6820 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f ugh porting to o\n+00001350: 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d ther platforms m\n+00001360: 6179 2062 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 ay be addressed \n+00001370: 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a in the future...\n+00001380: 2020 204f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d One of the im\n+00001390: 706f 7274 616e 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 portant features\n+000013a0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 in GRUB is flex\n+000013b0: 6962 696c 6974 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e ibility; GRUB.un\n+000013c0: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 derstands filesy\n+000013d0: 7374 656d 7320 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c stems and kernel\n+000013e0: 2065 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d executable form\n+000013f0: 6174 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ats, so you can \n+00001400: 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 load.an arbitrar\n+00001410: 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 y operating syst\n+00001420: 656d 2074 6865 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c em the way you l\n+00001430: 696b 652c 2077 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 ike, without rec\n+00001440: 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 ording the.physi\n+00001450: 6361 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 cal position of \n+00001460: 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 your kernel on t\n+00001470: 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 he disk. Thus y\n+00001480: 6f75 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 650a ou can load the.\n+00001490: 6b65 726e 656c 206a 7573 7420 6279 2073 kernel just by s\n+000014a0: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6974 7320 6669 pecifying its fi\n+000014b0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 le name and the \n+000014c0: 6472 6976 6520 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 drive and partit\n+000014d0: 696f 6e0a 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6b65 ion.where the ke\n+000014e0: 726e 656c 2072 6573 6964 6573 2e0a 0a20 rnel resides... \n+000014f0: 2020 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 When booting w\n+00001500: 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 796f 7520 6361 ith GRUB, you ca\n+00001510: 6e20 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2063 n use either a c\n+00001520: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n+00001530: 7266 6163 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d rface.(*note Com\n+00001540: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n+00001550: 6163 653a 3a29 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 656e ace::), or a men\n+00001560: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 282a 6e6f u interface (*no\n+00001570: 7465 204d 656e 750a 696e 7465 7266 6163 te Menu.interfac\n+00001580: 653a 3a29 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 2074 6865 e::). Using the\n+00001590: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e command-line in\n+000015a0: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2079 6f75 2074 7970 terface, you typ\n+000015b0: 6520 7468 6520 6472 6976 650a 7370 6563 e the drive.spec\n+000015c0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6669 ification and fi\n+000015d0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206b le name of the k\n+000015e0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 ernel manually. \n+000015f0: 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 In the menu.int\n+00001600: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 7374 erface, you just\n+00001610: 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 204f 5320 7573 select an OS us\n+00001620: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 ing the arrow ke\n+00001630: 7973 2e20 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 ys. The menu is\n+00001640: 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 .based on a conf\n+00001650: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 iguration file w\n+00001660: 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2070 7265 7061 7265 hich you prepare\n+00001670: 2062 6566 6f72 6568 616e 6420 282a 6e6f beforehand (*no\n+00001680: 7465 0a43 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e te.Configuration\n+00001690: 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 696c 6520 696e 2074 ::). While in t\n+000016a0: 6865 206d 656e 752c 2079 6f75 2063 616e he menu, you can\n+000016b0: 2073 7769 7463 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 switch to the c\n+000016c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 ommand-line.mode\n+000016d0: 2c20 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 , and vice-versa\n+000016e0: 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2065 7665 6e20 . You can even \n+000016f0: 6564 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 edit menu entrie\n+00001700: 7320 6265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 s before using t\n+00001710: 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 7468 6520 hem... In the \n+00001720: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 following chapte\n+00001730: 7273 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 rs, you will lea\n+00001740: 726e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 rn how to specif\n+00001750: 7920 6120 6472 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 y a drive, a.par\n+00001760: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 tition, and a fi\n+00001770: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e le name (*note N\n+00001780: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n+00001790: 3a3a 2920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 ::) to GRUB, how\n+000017a0: 2074 6f0a 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to.install GRUB\n+000017b0: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 on your drive (\n+000017c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 *note Installati\n+000017d0: 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 on::), and how t\n+000017e0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 o boot your.OSes\n+000017f0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a (*note Booting:\n+00001800: 3a29 2c20 7374 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 :), step by step\n+00001810: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00001820: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 info, Node: Ove\n+00001830: 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c rview-Footnotes,\n+00001840: 2020 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a Up: Overview..\n+00001850: 2020 2028 3129 20e2 809c 6368 6169 6e2d (1) ...chain-\n+00001860: 6c6f 6164 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 206d load... is the m\n+00001870: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 echanism for loa\n+00001880: 6469 6e67 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 ding unsupported\n+00001890: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 operating.syste\n+000018a0: 6d73 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e ms by loading an\n+000018b0: 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 other boot loade\n+000018c0: 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 r. It is typica\n+000018d0: 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 lly used for.loa\n+000018e0: 6469 6e67 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 ding DOS or Wind\n+000018f0: 6f77 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ows.....File: gr\n+00001900: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00001910: 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 History, Next: \n+00001920: 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 Changes from GRU\n+00001930: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 2050 7265 763a B Legacy, Prev:\n+00001940: 204f 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 5570 3a20 Overview, Up: \n+00001950: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e Introduction..1.\n+00001960: 3220 4869 7374 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 5255 2 History of GRU\n+00001970: 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d B.==============\n+00001980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 6967 =====..GRUB orig\n+00001990: 696e 6174 6564 2069 6e20 3139 3935 2077 inated in 1995 w\n+000019a0: 6865 6e20 4572 6963 6820 426f 6c65 796e hen Erich Boleyn\n+000019b0: 2077 6173 2074 7279 696e 6720 746f 2062 was trying to b\n+000019c0: 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 474e 550a 4875 7264 oot the GNU.Hurd\n+000019d0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 556e 6976 6572 with the Univer\n+000019e0: 7369 7479 206f 6620 5574 6168 2773 204d sity of Utah's M\n+000019f0: 6163 6820 3420 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 ach 4 microkerne\n+00001a00: 6c20 286e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 l (now known as \n+00001a10: 474e 550a 4d61 6368 292e 2020 4572 6963 GNU.Mach). Eric\n+00001a20: 6820 616e 6420 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 h and Brian Ford\n+00001a30: 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 designed the Mu\n+00001a40: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n+00001a50: 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c ation (*note.Mul\n+00001a60: 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 tiboot Specifica\n+00001a70: 7469 6f6e 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 tion: (multiboot\n+00001a80: 2954 6f70 2e29 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 )Top.), because \n+00001a90: 7468 6579 2077 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d they were determ\n+00001aa0: 696e 6564 0a6e 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 ined.not to add \n+00001ab0: 746f 2074 6865 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d to the large num\n+00001ac0: 6265 7220 6f66 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d ber of mutually-\n+00001ad0: 696e 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 incompatible PC \n+00001ae0: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 boot methods... \n+00001af0: 2020 4572 6963 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 Erich then beg\n+00001b00: 616e 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 an modifying the\n+00001b10: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f FreeBSD boot lo\n+00001b20: 6164 6572 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 ader so that it \n+00001b30: 776f 756c 640a 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 would.understand\n+00001b40: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 Multiboot. He \n+00001b50: 736f 6f6e 2072 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 soon realized th\n+00001b60: 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 at it would be a\n+00001b70: 206c 6f74 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 lot easier to.w\n+00001b80: 7269 7465 2068 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f rite his own boo\n+00001b90: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 t loader from sc\n+00001ba0: 7261 7463 6820 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 ratch than to ke\n+00001bb0: 6570 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 ep working on th\n+00001bc0: 650a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c e.FreeBSD boot l\n+00001bd0: 6f61 6465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 oader, and so GR\n+00001be0: 5542 2077 6173 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 UB was born... \n+00001bf0: 2045 7269 6368 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e Erich added man\n+00001c00: 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 y features to GR\n+00001c10: 5542 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 UB, but other pr\n+00001c20: 696f 7269 7469 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 iorities prevent\n+00001c30: 6564 2068 696d 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 ed him.from keep\n+00001c40: 696e 6720 7570 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 ing up with the \n+00001c50: 6465 6d61 6e64 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 demands of its q\n+00001c60: 7569 636b 6c79 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 uickly-expanding\n+00001c70: 2075 7365 7220 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a user base. In.\n+00001c80: 3139 3939 2c20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 1999, Gordon Mat\n+00001c90: 7a69 676b 6569 7420 616e 6420 596f 7368 zigkeit and Yosh\n+00001ca0: 696e 6f72 6920 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 inori K. Okuji a\n+00001cb0: 646f 7074 6564 2047 5255 4220 6173 2061 dopted GRUB as a\n+00001cc0: 6e0a 6f66 6669 6369 616c 2047 4e55 2070 n.official GNU p\n+00001cd0: 6163 6b61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 656e ackage, and open\n+00001ce0: 6564 2069 7473 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 ed its developme\n+00001cf0: 6e74 2062 7920 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 nt by making the\n+00001d00: 206c 6174 6573 740a 736f 7572 6365 7320 latest.sources \n+00001d10: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6120 616e available via an\n+00001d20: 6f6e 796d 6f75 7320 4356 532e 202a 4e6f onymous CVS. *No\n+00001d30: 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 te Obtaining and\n+00001d40: 2042 7569 6c64 696e 670a 4752 5542 3a3a Building.GRUB::\n+00001d50: 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 , for more infor\n+00001d60: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 mation... Over\n+00001d70: 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6665 7720 7965 the next few ye\n+00001d80: 6172 732c 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6578 ars, GRUB was ex\n+00001d90: 7465 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 6d65 6574 206d tended to meet m\n+00001da0: 616e 7920 6e65 6564 732c 2062 7574 2069 any needs, but i\n+00001db0: 740a 7175 6963 6b6c 7920 6265 6361 6d65 t.quickly became\n+00001dc0: 2063 6c65 6172 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 clear that its \n+00001dd0: 6465 7369 676e 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206b design was not k\n+00001de0: 6565 7069 6e67 2075 7020 7769 7468 2074 eeping up with t\n+00001df0: 6865 0a65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 he.extensions be\n+00001e00: 696e 6720 6d61 6465 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 ing made to it, \n+00001e10: 616e 6420 7765 2072 6561 6368 6564 2074 and we reached t\n+00001e20: 6865 2070 6f69 6e74 2077 6865 7265 2069 he point where i\n+00001e30: 7420 7761 7320 7665 7279 0a64 6966 6669 t was very.diffi\n+00001e40: 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 cult to make any\n+00001e50: 2066 7572 7468 6572 2063 6861 6e67 6573 further changes\n+00001e60: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2062 7265 616b 696e without breakin\n+00001e70: 6720 6578 6973 7469 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 g existing.featu\n+00001e80: 7265 732e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 2032 3030 res. Around 200\n+00001e90: 322c 2059 6f73 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 2e20 2, Yoshinori K. \n+00001ea0: 4f6b 756a 6920 7374 6172 7465 6420 776f Okuji started wo\n+00001eb0: 726b 206f 6e20 5055 5041 0a28 5072 656c rk on PUPA.(Prel\n+00001ec0: 696d 696e 6172 7920 556e 6976 6572 7361 iminary Universa\n+00001ed0: 6c20 5072 6f67 7261 6d6d 696e 6720 4172 l Programming Ar\n+00001ee0: 6368 6974 6563 7475 7265 2066 6f72 2047 chitecture for G\n+00001ef0: 4e55 2047 5255 4229 2c20 6169 6d69 6e67 NU GRUB), aiming\n+00001f00: 2074 6f0a 7265 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 to.rewrite the \n+00001f10: 636f 7265 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 core of GRUB to \n+00001f20: 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 636c 6561 6e65 722c make it cleaner,\n+00001f30: 2073 6166 6572 2c20 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 safer, more rob\n+00001f40: 7573 742c 2061 6e64 0a6d 6f72 6520 706f ust, and.more po\n+00001f50: 7765 7266 756c 2e20 2050 5550 4120 7761 werful. PUPA wa\n+00001f60: 7320 6576 656e 7475 616c 6c79 2072 656e s eventually ren\n+00001f70: 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 amed to GRUB 2, \n+00001f80: 616e 6420 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c and the original\n+00001f90: 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 5542 .version of GRUB\n+00001fa0: 2077 6173 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 was renamed to \n+00001fb0: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 2020 536d GRUB Legacy. Sm\n+00001fc0: 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 7320 6f66 0a6d all amounts of.m\n+00001fd0: 6169 6e74 656e 616e 6365 2063 6f6e 7469 aintenance conti\n+00001fe0: 6e75 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 nued to be done \n+00001ff0: 6f6e 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 on GRUB Legacy, \n+00002000: 6275 7420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2072 656c but the last rel\n+00002010: 6561 7365 0a28 302e 3937 2920 7761 7320 ease.(0.97) was \n+00002020: 6d61 6465 2069 6e20 3230 3035 2061 6e64 made in 2005 and\n+00002030: 2061 7420 7468 6520 7469 6d65 206f 6620 at the time of \n+00002040: 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2073 6565 6d73 writing it seems\n+00002050: 2075 6e6c 696b 656c 790a 7468 6174 2074 unlikely.that t\n+00002060: 6865 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6e6f here will be ano\n+00002070: 7468 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 4279 2061 726f ther... By aro\n+00002080: 756e 6420 3230 3037 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 und 2007, GNU/Li\n+00002090: 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e nux distribution\n+000020a0: 7320 7374 6172 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 s started to use\n+000020b0: 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 GRUB 2 to.limit\n+000020c0: 6564 2065 7874 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 ed extents, and \n+000020d0: 6279 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 3230 by the end of 20\n+000020e0: 3039 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 09 multiple majo\n+000020f0: 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 730a r distributions.\n+00002100: 7765 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 were installing \n+00002110: 6974 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a it by default...\n+00002120: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00002130: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 o, Node: Change\n+00002140: 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 s from GRUB Lega\n+00002150: 6379 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 6561 7475 cy, Next: Featu\n+00002160: 7265 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4869 7374 res, Prev: Hist\n+00002170: 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 ory, Up: Introd\n+00002180: 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 6666 uction..1.3 Diff\n+00002190: 6572 656e 6365 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 erences from pre\n+000021a0: 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d vious versions.=\n 000021b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000021c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000021d0: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 2072 =..GRUB 2 is a r\n-000021e0: 6577 7269 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2028 ewrite of GRUB (\n-000021f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 *note History::)\n-00002200: 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 7368 , although it sh\n-00002210: 6172 6573 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 6163 ares many.charac\n-00002220: 7465 7269 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 2074 teristics with t\n-00002230: 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 he previous vers\n-00002240: 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 ion, now known a\n-00002250: 7320 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 0a55 s GRUB Legacy..U\n-00002260: 7365 7273 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c 6567 sers of GRUB Leg\n-00002270: 6163 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d acy may need som\n-00002280: 6520 6775 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 6669 e guidance to fi\n-00002290: 6e64 2074 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 726f nd their way aro\n-000022a0: 756e 640a 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 6572 und.this new ver\n-000022b0: 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 sion... ... Th\n-000022c0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e configuration \n-000022d0: 6669 6c65 2068 6173 2061 206e 6577 206e file has a new n\n-000022e0: 616d 6520 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ame (...grub.cfg\n-000022f0: e280 9920 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e0a ... rather than.\n-00002300: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 ...menu.lst\n-00002310: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 ... or ...grub.c\n-00002320: 6f6e 66e2 8099 292c 206e 6577 2073 796e onf...), new syn\n-00002330: 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 tax (*note Confi\n-00002340: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e 640a guration::) and.\n-00002350: 2020 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 636f many new co\n-00002360: 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f mmands (*note Co\n-00002370: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f 6e66 mmands::). Conf\n-00002380: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e 6f74 iguration cannot\n-00002390: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 6420 be. copied \n-000023a0: 6f76 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2061 over directly, a\n-000023b0: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 5255 lthough most GRU\n-000023c0: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 2073 B Legacy users s\n-000023d0: 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 hould not. f\n-000023e0: 696e 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2074 ind the syntax t\n-000023f0: 6f6f 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e 0a0a oo surprising...\n-00002400: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 ... ...grub.c\n-00002410: 6667 e280 9920 6973 2074 7970 6963 616c fg... is typical\n-00002420: 6c79 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 ly automatically\n-00002430: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 generated by ..\n-00002440: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-00002450: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 .. (*note Si\n-00002460: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n-00002470: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 206d 616b on::). This mak\n-00002480: 6573 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 es it easier to \n-00002490: 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 handle. vers\n-000024a0: 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7067 ioned kernel upg\n-000024b0: 7261 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2050 rades... ... P\n-000024c0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 artition numbers\n-000024d0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 in GRUB device \n-000024e0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 6172 7420 names now start \n-000024f0: 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 282a 6e6f at 1, not 0 (*no\n-00002500: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 te. Naming c\n-00002510: 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 onvention::)... \n-00002520: 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 ... The config\n-00002530: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 uration file is \n-00002540: 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e 2073 now written in s\n-00002550: 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 2063 6c6f 7365 7220 omething closer \n-00002560: 746f 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 to a full. s\n-00002570: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 6167 cripting languag\n-00002580: 653a 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 636f e: variables, co\n-00002590: 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 6c73 2c20 616e 6420 nditionals, and \n-000025a0: 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 loops are. a\n-000025b0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 vailable... ..\n-000025c0: a220 4120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 . A small amount\n-000025d0: 206f 6620 7065 7273 6973 7465 6e74 2073 of persistent s\n-000025e0: 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 torage is availa\n-000025f0: 626c 6520 6163 726f 7373 2072 6562 6f6f ble across reboo\n-00002600: 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ts,. using t\n-00002610: 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 he ...save_env..\n-00002620: 9920 616e 6420 e280 986c 6f61 645f 656e . and ...load_en\n-00002630: 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e v... commands in\n-00002640: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 GRUB and the. \n-00002650: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d65 6469 7465 ...grub-edite\n-00002660: 6e76 e280 9920 7574 696c 6974 792e 2020 nv... utility. \n-00002670: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 This is not avai\n-00002680: 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 lable in all. \n-00002690: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 configurations\n-000026a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d (*note Environm\n-000026b0: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 ent block::)... \n-000026c0: 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 ... GRUB 2 has\n-000026d0: 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2077 more reliable w\n-000026e0: 6179 7320 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 ays to find its \n-000026f0: 6f77 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7468 own files and th\n-00002700: 6f73 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 ose of. targ\n-00002710: 6574 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206f 6e20 6d75 et kernels on mu\n-00002720: 6c74 6970 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 ltiple-disk syst\n-00002730: 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2063 6f6d ems, and has com\n-00002740: 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 mands (*note. \n-00002750: 2020 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 746f 2066 search::) to f\n-00002760: 696e 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 696e ind devices usin\n-00002770: 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 g file system la\n-00002780: 6265 6c73 206f 7220 556e 6976 6572 7361 bels or Universa\n-00002790: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7175 6520 lly. Unique \n-000027a0: 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 2855 5549 Identifiers (UUI\n-000027b0: 4473 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2047 5255 Ds)... ... GRU\n-000027c0: 4220 3220 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 B 2 is available\n-000027d0: 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7468 for several oth\n-000027e0: 6572 2074 7970 6573 206f 6620 7379 7374 er types of syst\n-000027f0: 656d 2069 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 0a20 em in addition. \n-00002800: 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 to the PC BI\n-00002810: 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2073 7570 706f OS systems suppo\n-00002820: 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 204c 6567 rted by GRUB Leg\n-00002830: 6163 793a 2050 4320 4546 492c 2050 430a acy: PC EFI, PC.\n-00002840: 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2050 coreboot, P\n-00002850: 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 5350 4152 432c 2061 owerPC, SPARC, a\n-00002860: 6e64 204d 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f 7465 2059 nd MIPS Lemote Y\n-00002870: 6565 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 616c 6c0a eeloong are all.\n-00002880: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a supported..\n-00002890: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4d61 6e79 206d 6f72 . ... Many mor\n-000028a0: 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2061 e file systems a\n-000028b0: 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 696e re supported, in\n-000028c0: 636c 7564 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 cluding but not \n-000028d0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 limited to. \n-000028e0: 6578 7434 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e 6420 ext4, HFS+, and \n-000028f0: 4e54 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 NTFS... ... GR\n-00002900: 5542 2032 2063 616e 2072 6561 6420 6669 UB 2 can read fi\n-00002910: 6c65 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f les directly fro\n-00002920: 6d20 4c56 4d20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2064 m LVM and RAID d\n-00002930: 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 evices... ... \n-00002940: 4120 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d A graphical term\n-00002950: 696e 616c 2061 6e64 2061 2067 7261 7068 inal and a graph\n-00002960: 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7379 7374 656d ical menu system\n-00002970: 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a are available..\n-00002980: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2773 . ... GRUB 2's\n-00002990: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2063 616e 2062 interface can b\n-000029a0: 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2c20 696e e translated, in\n-000029b0: 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 cluding menu ent\n-000029c0: 7279 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 ry names... ..\n-000029d0: a220 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 . The image file\n-000029e0: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 6765 733a s (*note Images:\n-000029f0: 3a29 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 :) that make up \n-00002a00: 4752 5542 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 0a20 GRUB have been. \n-00002a10: 2020 2020 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 7365 643b reorganised;\n-00002a20: 2053 7461 6765 2031 2c20 5374 6167 6520 Stage 1, Stage \n-00002a30: 312e 352c 2061 6e64 2053 7461 6765 2032 1.5, and Stage 2\n-00002a40: 2061 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a20 are no more... \n-00002a50: 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2070 7574 ... GRUB 2 put\n-00002a60: 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 s many facilitie\n-00002a70: 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 s in dynamically\n-00002a80: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c loaded modules,\n-00002a90: 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 allowing. t\n-00002aa0: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f he core image to\n-00002ab0: 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 722c 2061 6e64 be smaller, and\n-00002ac0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f allowing the co\n-00002ad0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 re image to be. \n-00002ae0: 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 696e 206d 6f72 built in mor\n-00002af0: 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 732e e flexible ways.\n-00002b00: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00002b10: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 6174 nfo, Node: Feat\n-00002b20: 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6c ures, Next: Rol\n-00002b30: 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 e of a boot load\n-00002b40: 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6861 6e67 er, Prev: Chang\n-00002b50: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 es from GRUB Leg\n-00002b60: 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 acy, Up: Introd\n-00002b70: 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 4752 5542 uction..1.4 GRUB\n-00002b80: 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d features.======\n-00002b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-00002ba0: 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 6571 7569 7265 primary require\n-00002bb0: 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 5255 4220 6973 ment for GRUB is\n-00002bc0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 6520 636f 6d70 that it be comp\n-00002bd0: 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0ae2 liant with the..\n-00002be0: 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 ..Multiboot Spec\n-00002bf0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6ee2 809d 2c20 7768 ification..., wh\n-00002c00: 6963 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 ich is described\n-00002c10: 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 in *note Multib\n-00002c20: 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot.Specificatio\n-00002c30: 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f n: (multiboot)To\n-00002c40: 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 p... The other\n-00002c50: 2067 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 2069 goals, listed i\n-00002c60: 6e20 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 6f72 n approximate or\n-00002c70: 6465 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 der of importanc\n-00002c80: 652c 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e, are:.. ... \n-00002c90: 4261 7369 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 Basic functions \n-00002ca0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7374 7261 6967 6874 must be straight\n-00002cb0: 666f 7277 6172 6420 666f 7220 656e 642d forward for end-\n-00002cc0: 7573 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2052 users... ... R\n-00002cd0: 6963 6820 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 ich functionalit\n-00002ce0: 7920 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 206b 6572 y to support ker\n-00002cf0: 6e65 6c20 6578 7065 7274 7320 616e 6420 nel experts and \n-00002d00: 6465 7369 676e 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 designers... .\n-00002d10: 80a2 2042 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 .. Backward comp\n-00002d20: 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 666f 7220 626f atibility for bo\n-00002d30: 6f74 696e 6720 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e oting FreeBSD, N\n-00002d40: 6574 4253 442c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 etBSD, OpenBSD, \n-00002d50: 616e 640a 2020 2020 204c 696e 7578 2e20 and. Linux. \n-00002d60: 2050 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 Proprietary ker\n-00002d70: 6e65 6c73 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f nels (such as DO\n-00002d80: 532c 2057 696e 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 S, Windows NT, a\n-00002d90: 6e64 204f 532f 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 nd OS/2) are. \n-00002da0: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 supported via \n-00002db0: 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 a chain-loading \n-00002dc0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 function... Ex\n-00002dd0: 6365 7074 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 cept for specifi\n-00002de0: 6320 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 c compatibility \n-00002df0: 6d6f 6465 7320 2863 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 modes (chain-loa\n-00002e00: 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 6865 204c 696e ding and the Lin\n-00002e10: 7578 0ae2 809c 7069 6767 7962 6163 6be2 ux....piggyback.\n-00002e20: 809d 2066 6f72 6d61 7429 2c20 616c 6c20 .. format), all \n-00002e30: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 kernels will be \n-00002e40: 7374 6172 7465 6420 696e 206d 7563 6820 started in much \n-00002e50: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2073 7461 7465 0a61 the same state.a\n-00002e60: 7320 696e 2074 6865 204d 756c 7469 626f s in the Multibo\n-00002e70: 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ot Specification\n-00002e80: 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6b65 726e 656c 7320 . Only kernels \n-00002e90: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7420 3120 6d65 6761 loaded at 1 mega\n-00002ea0: 6279 7465 206f 720a 6162 6f76 6520 6172 byte or.above ar\n-00002eb0: 6520 7072 6573 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 e presently supp\n-00002ec0: 6f72 7465 642e 2020 416e 7920 6174 7465 orted. Any atte\n-00002ed0: 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6265 6c6f mpt to load belo\n-00002ee0: 7720 7468 6174 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 790a w that boundary.\n-00002ef0: 7769 6c6c 2073 696d 706c 7920 7265 7375 will simply resu\n-00002f00: 6c74 2069 6e20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 6520 lt in immediate \n-00002f10: 6661 696c 7572 6520 616e 6420 616e 2065 failure and an e\n-00002f20: 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 2072 6570 rror message rep\n-00002f30: 6f72 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c orting.the probl\n-00002f40: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 em... In addit\n-00002f50: 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 ion to the requi\n-00002f60: 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 6162 6f76 652c 2047 rements above, G\n-00002f70: 5255 4220 6861 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c RUB has the foll\n-00002f80: 6f77 696e 670a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2028 owing.features (\n-00002f90: 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 4d75 note that the Mu\n-00002fa0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n-00002fb0: 6174 696f 6e20 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7265 ation doesn't re\n-00002fc0: 7175 6972 6520 616c 6c20 7468 650a 6665 quire all the.fe\n-00002fd0: 6174 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 atures that GRUB\n-00002fe0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7329 3a0a 0a52 6563 supports):..Rec\n-00002ff0: 6f67 6e69 7a65 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 ognize multiple \n-00003000: 6578 6563 7574 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 executable forma\n-00003010: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ts. Support \n-00003020: 6d61 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c61 many of the ...a\n-00003030: 2e6f 7574 e280 9d20 7661 7269 616e 7473 .out... variants\n-00003040: 2070 6c75 7320 e280 9c45 4c46 e280 9d2e plus ...ELF....\n-00003050: 2053 796d 626f 6c20 7461 626c 6573 2061 Symbol tables a\n-00003060: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 616c 736f 206c 6f61 re. also loa\n-00003070: 6465 642e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e6f ded...Support no\n-00003080: 6e2d 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e n-Multiboot kern\n-00003090: 656c 730a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 els. Support\n-000030a0: 206d 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6172 many of the var\n-000030b0: 696f 7573 2066 7265 6520 3332 2d62 6974 ious free 32-bit\n-000030c0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 6c61 kernels that la\n-000030d0: 636b 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 ck Multiboot. \n-000030e0: 2020 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 6365 2028 7072 compliance (pr\n-000030f0: 696d 6172 696c 7920 4672 6565 4253 442c imarily FreeBSD,\n-00003100: 204e 6574 4253 4428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 NetBSD(1) (*not\n-00003110: 650a 2020 2020 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d e. Features-\n-00003120: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292c 204f Footnote-1::), O\n-00003130: 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 6420 4c69 6e75 penBSD, and Linu\n-00003140: 7829 2e20 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 x). Chain-loadi\n-00003150: 6e67 206f 660a 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 ng of. other\n-00003160: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6973 boot loaders is\n-00003170: 2061 6c73 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e also supported.\n-00003180: 0a0a 4c6f 6164 206d 756c 7469 706c 6573 ..Load multiples\n-00003190: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4675 modules. Fu\n-000031a0: 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6520 lly support the \n-000031b0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6665 6174 7572 Multiboot featur\n-000031c0: 6520 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206d 756c e of loading mul\n-000031d0: 7469 706c 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a tiple modules...\n-000031e0: 4c6f 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Load a configura\n-000031f0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2053 tion file. S\n-00003200: 7570 706f 7274 2061 2068 756d 616e 2d72 upport a human-r\n-00003210: 6561 6461 626c 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6e eadable text con\n-00003220: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00003230: 7769 7468 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 with preset boot\n-00003240: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 . commands. \n-00003250: 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f You can also lo\n-00003260: 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 ad another confi\n-00003270: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6479 guration file dy\n-00003280: 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 namically. a\n-00003290: 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2070 7265 7365 nd embed a prese\n-000032a0: 7420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 t configuration \n-000032b0: 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2069 file in a GRUB i\n-000032c0: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a mage file. The.\n-000032d0: 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d list of com\n-000032e0: 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d mands (*note Com\n-000032f0: 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 mands::) are a s\n-00003300: 7570 6572 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 uperset of those\n-00003310: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 . supported \n-00003320: 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c on the command-l\n-00003330: 696e 652e 2020 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ine. An example\n-00003340: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00003350: 696c 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 ile is. prov\n-00003360: 6964 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f ided in *note Co\n-00003370: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a nfiguration::...\n-00003380: 5072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 2069 Provide a menu i\n-00003390: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 nterface. A \n-000033a0: 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c menu interface l\n-000033b0: 6973 7469 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f isting preset bo\n-000033c0: 6f74 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 ot commands, wit\n-000033d0: 6820 6120 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 h a programmable\n-000033e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 . timeout, i\n-000033f0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 s available. Th\n-00003400: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6669 7865 6420 ere is no fixed \n-00003410: 6c69 6d69 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206e 756d limit on the num\n-00003420: 6265 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 ber of. boot\n-00003430: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 entries, and th\n-00003440: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d e current implem\n-00003450: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 7061 entation has spa\n-00003460: 6365 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 0a20 ce for several. \n-00003470: 2020 2020 6875 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 hundred...Ha\n-00003480: 7665 2061 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f ve a flexible co\n-00003490: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n-000034a0: 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6661 6972 face. A fair\n-000034b0: 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d ly flexible comm\n-000034c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n-000034d0: 6365 2c20 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2066 ce, accessible f\n-000034e0: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 rom the menu,. \n-000034f0: 2020 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 is available \n-00003500: 746f 2065 6469 7420 616e 7920 7072 6573 to edit any pres\n-00003510: 6574 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 206f 7220 et commands, or \n-00003520: 7772 6974 6520 6120 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 write a new boot\n-00003530: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 . command se\n-00003540: 7420 6672 6f6d 2073 6372 6174 6368 2e20 t from scratch. \n-00003550: 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 If no configura\n-00003560: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 7265 tion file is pre\n-00003570: 7365 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 sent,. GRUB \n-00003580: 6472 6f70 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d drops to the com\n-00003590: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 mand-line... \n-000035a0: 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d The list of com\n-000035b0: 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d mands (*note Com\n-000035c0: 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 mands::) are a s\n-000035d0: 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 ubset of those. \n-000035e0: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 666f supported fo\n-000035f0: 7220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 r configuration \n-00003600: 6669 6c65 732e 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 files. Editing \n-00003610: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 commands closely\n-00003620: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 . resembles \n-00003630: 7468 6520 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the Bash command\n-00003640: 2d6c 696e 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 -line (*note Bas\n-00003650: 683a 2028 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d h: (features)Com\n-00003660: 6d61 6e64 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 mand Line. E\n-00003670: 6469 7469 6e67 2e29 2c20 7769 7468 203c diting.), with <\n-00003680: 5441 423e 2d63 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 TAB>-completion \n-00003690: 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2064 6576 of commands, dev\n-000036a0: 6963 6573 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 ices, partitions\n-000036b0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6573 ,. and files\n-000036c0: 2069 6e20 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 in a directory \n-000036d0: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2063 6f6e depending on con\n-000036e0: 7465 7874 2e0a 0a53 7570 706f 7274 206d text...Support m\n-000036f0: 756c 7469 706c 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ultiple filesyst\n-00003700: 656d 2074 7970 6573 0a20 2020 2020 5375 em types. Su\n-00003710: 7070 6f72 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2066 pport multiple f\n-00003720: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7479 7065 7320 ilesystem types \n-00003730: 7472 616e 7370 6172 656e 746c 792c 2070 transparently, p\n-00003740: 6c75 7320 6120 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 lus a useful. \n-00003750: 2020 6578 706c 6963 6974 2062 6c6f 636b explicit block\n-00003760: 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 list notation. \n-00003770: 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7375 The currently su\n-00003780: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 pported filesyst\n-00003790: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 7479 7065 7320 6172 em. types ar\n-000037a0: 6520 e280 9c41 6d69 6761 2046 6173 7420 e ...Amiga Fast \n-000037b0: 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 4146 4653 FileSystem (AFFS\n-000037c0: 29e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c41 7468 654f 5320 )..., ...AtheOS \n-000037d0: 6673 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 4265 4653 e280 fs..., ...BeFS..\n-000037e0: 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9c42 7472 4653 .,. ...BtrFS\n-000037f0: e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2072 ... (including r\n-00003800: 6169 6430 2c20 7261 6964 312c 2072 6169 aid0, raid1, rai\n-00003810: 6431 302c 2067 7a69 7020 616e 6420 6c7a d10, gzip and lz\n-00003820: 6f29 2c20 e280 9c63 7069 6fe2 809d 0a20 o), ...cpio.... \n-00003830: 2020 2020 286c 6974 746c 652d 2061 6e64 (little- and\n-00003840: 2062 6967 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6269 6e2c big-endian bin,\n-00003850: 206f 6463 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6320 7661 odc and newc va\n-00003860: 7269 616e 7473 292c 20e2 809c 4c69 6e75 riants), ...Linu\n-00003870: 780a 2020 2020 2065 7874 322f 6578 7433 x. ext2/ext3\n-00003880: 2f65 7874 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c44 4f53 /ext4..., ...DOS\n-00003890: 2046 4154 3132 2f46 4154 3136 2f46 4154 FAT12/FAT16/FAT\n-000038a0: 3332 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 6578 4641 54e2 32..., ...exFAT.\n-000038b0: 809d 2c20 e280 9c46 3246 53e2 809d 2c20 .., ...F2FS..., \n-000038c0: e280 9c48 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 ...HFS...,. \n-000038d0: e280 9c48 4653 2be2 809d 2c20 e280 9c49 ...HFS+..., ...I\n-000038e0: 534f 3936 3630 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 SO9660... (inclu\n-000038f0: 6469 6e67 204a 6f6c 6965 742c 2052 6f63 ding Joliet, Roc\n-00003900: 6b2d 7269 6467 6520 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 k-ridge and mult\n-00003910: 692d 6368 756e 6b0a 2020 2020 2066 696c i-chunk. fil\n-00003920: 6573 292c 20e2 809c 4a46 53e2 809d 2c20 es), ...JFS..., \n-00003930: e280 9c4d 696e 6978 2066 73e2 809d 2028 ...Minix fs... (\n-00003940: 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2031 2c20 3220 616e versions 1, 2 an\n-00003950: 6420 3329 2c20 e280 9c6e 696c 6673 32e2 d 3), ...nilfs2.\n-00003960: 809d 2c20 e280 9c4e 5446 53e2 809d 0a20 .., ...NTFS.... \n-00003970: 2020 2020 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 (including c\n-00003980: 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 292c 20e2 809c ompression), ...\n-00003990: 5265 6973 6572 4653 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c ReiserFS..., ...\n-000039a0: 524f 4d46 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c41 6d69 ROMFS..., ...Ami\n-000039b0: 6761 2053 6d61 7274 0a20 2020 2020 4669 ga Smart. Fi\n-000039c0: 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 5346 5329 e280 leSystem (SFS)..\n-000039d0: 9d2c 20e2 809c 5371 7561 7368 34e2 809d ., ...Squash4...\n-000039e0: 2c20 e280 9c74 6172 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c , ...tar..., ...\n-000039f0: 5544 46e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c42 5344 2055 UDF..., ...BSD U\n-00003a00: 4653 2f55 4653 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c58 FS/UFS2..., ...X\n-00003a10: 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 FS...,. and \n-00003a20: e280 9c5a 4653 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 ...ZFS... (inclu\n-00003a30: 6469 6e67 206c 7a6a 622c 2067 7a69 702c ding lzjb, gzip,\n-00003a40: 207a 6c65 2c20 6d69 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 zle, mirror, st\n-00003a50: 7269 7065 2c20 7261 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 ripe, raidz1/2/3\n-00003a60: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 656e 6372 7970 . and encryp\n-00003a70: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4145 532d 4343 4d20 tion in AES-CCM \n-00003a80: 616e 6420 4145 532d 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e and AES-GCM). *N\n-00003a90: 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a ote Filesystem::\n-00003aa0: 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 206d 6f72 6520 , for. more \n-00003ab0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 information...Su\n-00003ac0: 7070 6f72 7420 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 pport automatic \n-00003ad0: 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 decompression. \n-00003ae0: 2020 2043 616e 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 Can decompres\n-00003af0: 7320 6669 6c65 7320 7768 6963 6820 7765 s files which we\n-00003b00: 7265 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 6279 re compressed by\n-00003b10: 20e2 8098 677a 6970 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 ...gzip... or .\n-00003b20: 8098 787a e280 9928 3229 0a20 2020 2020 ..xz...(2). \n-00003b30: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d (*note Features-\n-00003b40: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 Footnote-2::). \n-00003b50: 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 This function is\n-00003b60: 2062 6f74 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 both automatic \n-00003b70: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 7061 and. transpa\n-00003b80: 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7573 6572 rent to the user\n-00003b90: 2028 692e 652e 2020 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 (i.e. all func\n-00003ba0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7570 tions operate up\n-00003bb0: 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f on the. unco\n-00003bc0: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 mpressed content\n-00003bd0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 s of the specifi\n-00003be0: 6564 2066 696c 6573 292e 2020 5468 6973 ed files). This\n-00003bf0: 2067 7265 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 greatly. re\n-00003c00: 6475 6365 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 697a duces a file siz\n-00003c10: 6520 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7469 e and loading ti\n-00003c20: 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 me, a particular\n-00003c30: 6c79 2067 7265 6174 2062 656e 6566 6974 ly great benefit\n-00003c40: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 666c 6f70 7069 . for floppi\n-00003c50: 6573 2e28 3329 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 es.(3) (*note F\n-00003c60: 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 eatures-Footnote\n-00003c70: 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 -3::).. It i\n-00003c80: 7320 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 7468 s conceivable th\n-00003c90: 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206d at some kernel m\n-00003ca0: 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 odules should be\n-00003cb0: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 2020 loaded in a. \n-00003cc0: 2020 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 7461 compressed sta\n-00003cd0: 7465 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 te, so a differe\n-00003ce0: 6e74 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 696e nt module-loadin\n-00003cf0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 g command can be\n-00003d00: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 . specified \n-00003d10: 746f 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 to avoid uncompr\n-00003d20: 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c essing the modul\n-00003d30: 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 7461 es...Access data\n-00003d40: 206f 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 on any installe\n-00003d50: 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5375 d device. Su\n-00003d60: 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6461 pport reading da\n-00003d70: 7461 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 2061 ta from any or a\n-00003d80: 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 2068 ll floppies or h\n-00003d90: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 2020 ard disk(s). \n-00003da0: 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 2074 recognized by t\n-00003db0: 6865 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 656e he BIOS, indepen\n-00003dc0: 6465 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 7474 dent of the sett\n-00003dd0: 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a ing of the root.\n-00003de0: 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 device...Be\n-00003df0: 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 independent of \n-00003e00: 6472 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 drive geometry t\n-00003e10: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 ranslations. \n-00003e20: 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 Unlike many oth\n-00003e30: 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732c er boot loaders,\n-00003e40: 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 GRUB makes the \n-00003e50: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 7665 particular drive\n-00003e60: 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f . translatio\n-00003e70: 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 n irrelevant. A\n-00003e80: 2064 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 drive installed\n-00003e90: 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 and running wit\n-00003ea0: 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 h one. trans\n-00003eb0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 636f lation may be co\n-00003ec0: 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 nverted to anoth\n-00003ed0: 6572 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 er translation w\n-00003ee0: 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 ithout any. \n-00003ef0: 6164 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 7320 adverse effects \n-00003f00: 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 4752 or changes in GR\n-00003f10: 5542 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 UB's configurati\n-00003f20: 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c 6c20 on...Detect all \n-00003f30: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 installed RAM. \n-00003f40: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 GRUB can gene\n-00003f50: 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 rally find all t\n-00003f60: 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 414d he installed RAM\n-00003f70: 206f 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 on a PC-compati\n-00003f80: 626c 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 ble. machine\n-00003f90: 2e20 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 6164 . It uses an ad\n-00003fa0: 7661 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 6572 vanced BIOS quer\n-00003fb0: 7920 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f 7220 y technique for \n-00003fc0: 6669 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 finding all. \n-00003fd0: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 732e memory regions.\n-00003fe0: 2020 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f As described o\n-00003ff0: 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 n the Multiboot \n-00004000: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a Specification (*\n-00004010: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 note. Multib\n-00004020: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n-00004030: 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f n: (multiboot)To\n-00004040: 702e 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b 6572 p.), not all ker\n-00004050: 6e65 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 650a 2020 nels make use. \n-00004060: 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 of this infor\n-00004070: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 4752 5542 mation, but GRUB\n-00004080: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 2066 6f72 provides it for\n-00004090: 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 6f2e 0a0a those who do...\n-000040a0: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 Support Logical \n-000040b0: 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 7320 6d6f Block Address mo\n-000040c0: 6465 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 7261 6469 de. In tradi\n-000040d0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 6b20 6361 6c6c tional disk call\n-000040e0: 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9c43 4853 s (called ...CHS\n-000040f0: 206d 6f64 65e2 809d 292c 2074 6865 7265 mode...), there\n-00004100: 2069 7320 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 is a geometry. \n-00004110: 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 translation \n-00004120: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 6973 problem, that is\n-00004130: 2c20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f , the BIOS canno\n-00004140: 7420 6163 6365 7373 206f 7665 7220 3130 t access over 10\n-00004150: 3234 0a20 2020 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 24. cylinder\n-00004160: 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6163 6365 7373 s, so the access\n-00004170: 6962 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 6c69 ible space is li\n-00004180: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2061 7420 6c65 6173 mited to at leas\n-00004190: 7420 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 616e t 508 MB. an\n-000041a0: 6420 746f 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 d to at most 8GB\n-000041b0: 2e20 4752 5542 2063 616e 2774 2075 6e69 . GRUB can't uni\n-000041c0: 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 versally solve t\n-000041d0: 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a his problem, as.\n-000041e0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f there is no\n-000041f0: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7465 7266 standard interf\n-00004200: 6163 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 ace used in all \n-00004210: 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 machines. Howev\n-00004220: 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c er,. several\n-00004230: 206e 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 newer machines \n-00004240: 6861 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 have the new int\n-00004250: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 erface, Logical \n-00004260: 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 Block. Addre\n-00004270: 7373 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 206d ss (...LBA...) m\n-00004280: 6f64 652e 2020 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d ode. GRUB autom\n-00004290: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 atically detects\n-000042a0: 2069 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a if LBA mode is.\n-000042b0: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 available a\n-000042c0: 6e64 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 nd uses it if av\n-000042d0: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 ailable. In LBA\n-000042e0: 206d 6f64 652c 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 mode, GRUB can \n-000042f0: 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 access. the \n-00004300: 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 entire disk...Su\n-00004310: 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f pport network bo\n-00004320: 6f74 696e 670a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 oting. GRUB \n-00004330: 6973 2062 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2061 2064 is basically a d\n-00004340: 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 6420 626f 6f74 206c isk-based boot l\n-00004350: 6f61 6465 7220 6275 7420 616c 736f 2068 oader but also h\n-00004360: 6173 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 as network. \n-00004370: 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 596f 7520 6361 support. You ca\n-00004380: 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 n load OS images\n-00004390: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 from a network \n-000043a0: 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 809c by using the ...\n-000043b0: 5446 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 726f TFTP.... pro\n-000043c0: 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 tocol...Support \n-000043d0: 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 remote terminals\n-000043e0: 0a20 2020 2020 546f 2073 7570 706f 7274 . To support\n-000043f0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 computers with \n-00004400: 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 no console, GRUB\n-00004410: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 provides remote\n-00004420: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 terminal. s\n-00004430: 7570 706f 7274 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 upport, so that \n-00004440: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 you can control \n-00004450: 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f GRUB from a remo\n-00004460: 7465 2068 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 te host. Only. \n-00004470: 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 serial termi\n-00004480: 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2069 nal support is i\n-00004490: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 mplemented at th\n-000044a0: 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e moment.....Fil\n-000044b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000044c0: 6f64 653a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f ode: Features-Fo\n-000044d0: 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4665 otnotes, Up: Fe\n-000044e0: 6174 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 atures.. (1) T\n-000044f0: 6865 204e 6574 4253 442f 6933 3836 206b he NetBSD/i386 k\n-00004500: 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f ernel is Multibo\n-00004510: 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 ot-compliant, bu\n-00004520: 7420 6c61 636b 7320 7375 7070 6f72 740a t lacks support.\n-00004530: 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f for Multiboot mo\n-00004540: 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 204f dules... (2) O\n-00004550: 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 3220 6461 7461 2069 nly CRC32 data i\n-00004560: 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2063 6865 636b 2069 ntegrity check i\n-00004570: 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 2878 7a20 s supported (xz \n-00004580: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2043 5243 3634 default is CRC64\n-00004590: 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 .so one should u\n-000045a0: 7365 202d 6368 6563 6b3d 6372 6333 3220 se -check=crc32 \n-000045b0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 4c5a 4d41 2042 option). LZMA B\n-000045c0: 434a 2066 696c 7465 7273 2061 7265 2073 CJ filters are s\n-000045d0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2833 upported... (3\n-000045e0: 2920 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 ) There are a fe\n-000045f0: 7720 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 616c 2063 w pathological c\n-00004600: 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 206c 6f61 6469 ases where loadi\n-00004610: 6e67 2061 2076 6572 7920 6261 646c 790a ng a very badly.\n-00004620: 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 454c 4620 6b65 organized ELF ke\n-00004630: 726e 656c 206d 6967 6874 2074 616b 6520 rnel might take \n-00004640: 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2070 longer, but in p\n-00004650: 7261 6374 6963 6520 7468 6973 206e 6576 ractice this nev\n-00004660: 6572 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 er.happen.....Fi\n-00004670: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00004680: 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 Node: Role of a \n-00004690: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5072 boot loader, Pr\n-000046a0: 6576 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 ev: Features, U\n-000046b0: 703a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a p: Introduction.\n-000046c0: 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 .1.5 The role of\n-000046d0: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d a boot loader.=\n-000046e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00004700: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 e following is a\n-00004710: 2071 756f 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 quotation from \n-00004720: 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 Gordon Matzigkei\n-00004730: 742c 2061 2047 5255 4220 6661 6e61 7469 t, a GRUB fanati\n-00004740: 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 c:.. Some pe\n-00004750: 6f70 6c65 206c 696b 6520 746f 2061 636b ople like to ack\n-00004760: 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 2062 6f74 6820 7468 nowledge both th\n-00004770: 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 e operating syst\n-00004780: 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e em and. kern\n-00004790: 656c 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2074 616c el when they tal\n-000047a0: 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6569 7220 636f k about their co\n-000047b0: 6d70 7574 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 mputers, so they\n-000047c0: 206d 6967 6874 2073 6179 2074 6865 790a might say they.\n-000047d0: 2020 2020 2075 7365 2022 474e 552f 4c69 use \"GNU/Li\n-000047e0: 6e75 7822 206f 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 nux\" or \"GNU/Hur\n-000047f0: 6422 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2070 656f 706c d\". Other peopl\n-00004800: 6520 7365 656d 2074 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 e seem to think \n-00004810: 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 that the. ke\n-00004820: 726e 656c 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 rnel is the most\n-00004830: 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 6172 7420 important part \n-00004840: 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 of the system, s\n-00004850: 6f20 7468 6579 206c 696b 6520 746f 0a20 o they like to. \n-00004860: 2020 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 2047 call their G\n-00004870: 4e55 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 NU operating sys\n-00004880: 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 7374 tems \"Linux syst\n-00004890: 656d 732e 220a 0a20 2020 2020 492c 2070 ems.\".. I, p\n-000048a0: 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 656c 6965 ersonally, belie\n-000048b0: 7665 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2069 7320 ve that this is \n-000048c0: 6120 6772 6176 6520 696e 6a75 7374 6963 a grave injustic\n-000048d0: 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 e, because the. \n-000048e0: 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 _boot loader\n-000048f0: 5f20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 696d _ is the most im\n-00004900: 706f 7274 616e 7420 736f 6674 7761 7265 portant software\n-00004910: 206f 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 6564 of all. I used\n-00004920: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6566 6572 2074 to. refer t\n-00004930: 6f20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 7379 7374 o the above syst\n-00004940: 656d 7320 6173 2065 6974 6865 7220 224c ems as either \"L\n-00004950: 494c 4f22 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 ILO\"(1) (*note R\n-00004960: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626f ole of a. bo\n-00004970: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f ot loader-Footno\n-00004980: 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 4752 5542 te-1::) or \"GRUB\n-00004990: 2220 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 \" systems... \n-000049a0: 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 Unfortunately, \n-000049b0: 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 7665 7220 756e 6465 nobody ever unde\n-000049c0: 7273 746f 6f64 2077 6861 7420 4920 7761 rstood what I wa\n-000049d0: 7320 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 6f75 743b s talking about;\n-000049e0: 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 4920 6a75 7374 now. I just\n-000049f0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2247 use the word \"G\n-00004a00: 4e55 2220 6173 2061 2070 7365 7564 6f6e NU\" as a pseudon\n-00004a10: 796d 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 ym for GRUB... \n-00004a20: 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6576 So, if you ev\n-00004a30: 6572 2068 6561 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 er hear people t\n-00004a40: 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 alking about the\n-00004a50: 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 474e 5522 ir alleged \"GNU\"\n-00004a60: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2072 . systems, r\n-00004a70: 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2074 6865 emember that the\n-00004a80: 7920 6172 6520 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 y are actually p\n-00004a90: 6179 696e 6720 686f 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 aying homage to \n-00004aa0: 7468 6520 6265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 626f the best. bo\n-00004ab0: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 ot loader around\n-00004ac0: 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 210a 0a20 2020 5765 ... GRUB!.. We\n-00004ad0: 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 6169 6e74 , the GRUB maint\n-00004ae0: 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 646f 206e 6f74 2028 ainers, do not (\n-00004af0: 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 usually) encoura\n-00004b00: 6765 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 ge Gordon's leve\n-00004b10: 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e 6174 6963 6973 6d2c l.of fanaticism,\n-00004b20: 2062 7574 2069 7420 6865 6c70 7320 746f but it helps to\n-00004b30: 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2062 remember that b\n-00004b40: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6465 7365 oot loaders dese\n-00004b50: 7276 650a 7265 636f 676e 6974 696f 6e2e rve.recognition.\n-00004b60: 2020 5765 2068 6f70 6520 7468 6174 2079 We hope that y\n-00004b70: 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 6e67 2047 ou enjoy using G\n-00004b80: 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6173 206d 7563 6820 NU GRUB as much \n-00004b90: 6173 2077 6520 6469 640a 7772 6974 696e as we did.writin\n-00004ba0: 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 g it.....File: g\n-00004bb0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00004bc0: 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 Role of a boot \n-00004bd0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 loader-Footnotes\n-00004be0: 2c20 2055 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 , Up: Role of a\n-00004bf0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 boot loader.. \n-00004c00: 2028 3129 2054 6865 204c 496e 7578 204c (1) The LInux L\n-00004c10: 4f61 6465 722c 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f Oader, a boot lo\n-00004c20: 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 6576 6572 7962 ader that everyb\n-00004c30: 6f64 7920 7573 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f ody uses, but no\n-00004c40: 626f 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 body.likes.....F\n-00004c50: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00004c60: 204e 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f Node: Naming co\n-00004c70: 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a nvention, Next:\n-00004c80: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n-00004c90: 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f es about grub to\n-00004ca0: 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7472 ols, Prev: Intr\n-00004cb0: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 oduction, Up: T\n-00004cc0: 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e op..2 Naming con\n-00004cd0: 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a vention.********\n-00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 ***********..The\n-00004cf0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2075 device syntax u\n-00004d00: 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 sed in GRUB is a\n-00004d10: 2077 6565 2062 6974 2064 6966 6665 7265 wee bit differe\n-00004d20: 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 nt from what you\n-00004d30: 206d 6179 0a68 6176 6520 7365 656e 2062 may.have seen b\n-00004d40: 6566 6f72 6520 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 efore in your op\n-00004d50: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2873 erating system(s\n-00004d60: 292c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 ), and you need \n-00004d70: 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 to know it so.th\n-00004d80: 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7065 6369 at you can speci\n-00004d90: 6679 2061 2064 7269 7665 2f70 6172 7469 fy a drive/parti\n-00004da0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 tion... Look a\n-00004db0: 7420 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 t the following \n-00004dc0: 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 6e64 2065 7870 examples and exp\n-00004dd0: 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 lanations:.. \n-00004de0: 2028 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 (fd0).. First\n-00004df0: 206f 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 4220 7265 of all, GRUB re\n-00004e00: 7175 6972 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 quires that the \n-00004e10: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6265 2065 device name be e\n-00004e20: 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 nclosed with ...\n-00004e30: 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 (....and ...)...\n-00004e40: 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6664 e280 9920 . The ...fd... \n-00004e50: 7061 7274 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 part means that \n-00004e60: 6974 2069 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2064 it is a floppy d\n-00004e70: 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 isk. The number\n-00004e80: 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 7320 7468 6520 ...0....is the \n-00004e90: 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 drive number, wh\n-00004ea0: 6963 6820 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 ich is counted f\n-00004eb0: 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 rom _zero_. Thi\n-00004ec0: 7320 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 s expression.mea\n-00004ed0: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c ns that GRUB wil\n-00004ee0: 6c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 l use the whole \n-00004ef0: 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 floppy disk... \n-00004f00: 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 290a (hd0,msdos2).\n-00004f10: 0a20 2020 4865 7265 2c20 e280 9868 64e2 . Here, ...hd.\n-00004f20: 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 2061 .. means it is a\n-00004f30: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 hard disk drive\n-00004f40: 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e74 . The first int\n-00004f50: 6567 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 6e64 eger ...0....ind\n-00004f60: 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 icates the drive\n-00004f70: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 6973 number, that is\n-00004f80: 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 , the first hard\n-00004f90: 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e disk, the strin\n-00004fa0: 670a e280 986d 7364 6f73 e280 9920 696e g....msdos... in\n-00004fb0: 6469 6361 7465 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 dicates the part\n-00004fc0: 6974 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 ition scheme, wh\n-00004fd0: 696c 6520 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 ile the second i\n-00004fe0: 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 e280 9832 e280 992c nteger, ...2...,\n-00004ff0: 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2070 .indicates the p\n-00005000: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 artition number \n-00005010: 286f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2073 6c69 6365 (or the PC slice\n-00005020: 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2042 number in the B\n-00005030: 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e SD.terminology).\n-00005040: 2020 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 The partition \n-00005050: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6172 6520 636f 756e numbers are coun\n-00005060: 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 ted from _one_, \n-00005070: 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 not from.zero (a\n-00005080: 7320 7761 7320 7468 6520 6361 7365 2069 s was the case i\n-00005090: 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 n previous versi\n-000050a0: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4229 2e20 5468 ons of GRUB). Th\n-000050b0: 6973 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 is expression.me\n-000050c0: 616e 7320 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2070 ans the second p\n-000050d0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 artition of the \n-000050e0: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 first hard disk \n-000050f0: 6472 6976 652e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 drive. In this \n-00005100: 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 case,.GRUB uses \n-00005110: 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 one partition of\n-00005120: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 the disk, inste\n-00005130: 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 ad of the whole \n-00005140: 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 disk... (hd0\n-00005150: 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 ,msdos5).. Thi\n-00005160: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 s specifies the \n-00005170: 6669 7273 7420 e280 9c65 7874 656e 6465 first ...extende\n-00005180: 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6ee2 809d 206f d partition... o\n-00005190: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n-000051a0: 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f disk.drive. No\n-000051b0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 te that the part\n-000051c0: 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f ition numbers fo\n-000051d0: 7220 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 6172 7469 r extended parti\n-000051e0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f 756e 7465 tions are.counte\n-000051f0: 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 d from ...5..., \n-00005200: 7265 6761 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 regardless of th\n-00005210: 6520 6163 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 e actual number \n-00005220: 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 of primary parti\n-00005230: 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 tions.on your ha\n-00005240: 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 rd disk... (\n-00005250: 6864 312c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 hd1,msdos1,bsd1)\n-00005260: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 .. This means \n-00005270: 7468 6520 4253 4420 e280 9861 e280 9920 the BSD ...a... \n-00005280: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 partition on fir\n-00005290: 7374 2050 4320 736c 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 st PC slice numb\n-000052a0: 6572 206f 6620 7468 650a 7365 636f 6e64 er of the.second\n-000052b0: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 hard disk... \n-000052c0: 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 Of course, to ac\n-000052d0: 7475 616c 6c79 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 tually access th\n-000052e0: 6520 6469 736b 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 e disks or parti\n-000052f0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c tions with GRUB,\n-00005300: 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 you.need to use\n-00005310: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 the device spec\n-00005320: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 ification in a c\n-00005330: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 ommand, like ...\n-00005340: 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 e280 set root=(fd0)..\n-00005350: 990a 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c ..or ...parttool\n-00005360: 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7333 2920 6869 (hd0,msdos3) hi\n-00005370: 6464 656e 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 dden-.... To he\n-00005380: 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 lp you find out \n-00005390: 7768 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 which number.spe\n-000053a0: 6369 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 cifies a partiti\n-000053b0: 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 6865 on you want, the\n-000053c0: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 GRUB command-li\n-000053d0: 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d 616e ne (*note.Comman\n-000053e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n-000053f0: 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 ::) options have\n-00005400: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 argument comple\n-00005410: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e tion. This mean\n-00005420: 730a 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d s.that, for exam\n-00005430: 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 ple, you only ne\n-00005440: 6564 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 ed to type.. \n-00005450: 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 2020 set root=(.. \n-00005460: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 3c54 followed by a , and GRUB wi\n-00005480: 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 206c ll display the l\n-00005490: 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c 0a70 ist of drives,.p\n-000054a0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6669 artitions, or fi\n-000054b0: 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 le names. So it\n-000054c0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 7465 should be quite\n-000054d0: 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 easy to determi\n-000054e0: 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 2079 ne the.name of y\n-000054f0: 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 7469 our target parti\n-00005500: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 tion, even with \n-00005510: 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 minimal knowledg\n-00005520: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 782e e of the.syntax.\n-00005530: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 .. Note that G\n-00005540: 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 RUB does _not_ d\n-00005550: 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 2066 istinguish IDE f\n-00005560: 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 7369 rom SCSI - it si\n-00005570: 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 6520 mply.counts the \n-00005580: 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6672 drive numbers fr\n-00005590: 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 646c om zero, regardl\n-000055a0: 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 7970 ess of their typ\n-000055b0: 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e e. Normally,.an\n-000055c0: 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 y IDE drive numb\n-000055d0: 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 er is less than \n-000055e0: 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 206e any SCSI drive n\n-000055f0: 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 umber, although \n-00005600: 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 that.is not true\n-00005610: 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 2074 if you change t\n-00005620: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 he boot sequence\n-00005630: 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 4445 by swapping IDE\n-00005640: 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 6573 and SCSI.drives\n-00005650: 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a in your BIOS...\n-00005660: 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 7374 Now the quest\n-00005670: 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f 2073 ion is, how to s\n-00005680: 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f 2020 pecify a file? \n-00005690: 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 Again, consider \n-000056a0: 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 an.example:.. \n-000056b0: 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 (hd0,msdos1)/v\n-000056c0: 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 mlinuz.. This \n-000056d0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 specifies the fi\n-000056e0: 6c65 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 le named ...vmli\n-000056f0: 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e nuz..., found on\n-00005700: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the first parti\n-00005710: 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 tion.of the firs\n-00005720: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 t hard disk driv\n-00005730: 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 e. Note that th\n-00005740: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c e argument compl\n-00005750: 6574 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 etion works.with\n-00005760: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f file names, too\n-00005770: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 ... That was e\n-00005780: 6173 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 asy, admit it. \n-00005790: 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 Now read the nex\n-000057a0: 7420 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 t chapter, to fi\n-000057b0: 6e64 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 nd out how.to ac\n-000057c0: 7475 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 tually install G\n-000057d0: 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 RUB on your driv\n-000057e0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-000057f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 .info, Node: OS\n-00005800: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 -specific notes \n-00005810: 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 about grub tools\n-00005820: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c , Next: Install\n-00005830: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 ation, Prev: Na\n-00005840: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c ming convention,\n-00005850: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d Up: Top..3 OS-\n-00005860: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 specific notes a\n-00005870: 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a bout grub tools.\n-00005880: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 =====..GRUB 2 is\n+000021e0: 2061 2072 6577 7269 7465 206f 6620 4752 a rewrite of GR\n+000021f0: 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 7374 6f72 UB (*note Histor\n+00002200: 793a 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 y::), although i\n+00002210: 7420 7368 6172 6573 206d 616e 790a 6368 t shares many.ch\n+00002220: 6172 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 7320 7769 aracteristics wi\n+00002230: 7468 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 th the previous \n+00002240: 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f version, now kno\n+00002250: 776e 2061 7320 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 wn as GRUB Legac\n+00002260: 792e 0a55 7365 7273 206f 6620 4752 5542 y..Users of GRUB\n+00002270: 204c 6567 6163 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 Legacy may need\n+00002280: 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 616e 6365 2074 some guidance t\n+00002290: 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6972 2077 6179 o find their way\n+000022a0: 2061 726f 756e 640a 7468 6973 206e 6577 around.this new\n+000022b0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 version... ..\n+000022c0: a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . The configurat\n+000022d0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 6173 2061 206e ion file has a n\n+000022e0: 6577 206e 616d 6520 28e2 8098 6772 7562 ew name (...grub\n+000022f0: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 7261 7468 6572 2074 .cfg... rather t\n+00002300: 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 han. ...menu\n+00002310: 2e6c 7374 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 .lst... or ...gr\n+00002320: 7562 2e63 6f6e 66e2 8099 292c 206e 6577 ub.conf...), new\n+00002330: 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 syntax (*note C\n+00002340: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 onfiguration::) \n+00002350: 616e 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 and. many ne\n+00002360: 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 w commands (*not\n+00002370: 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 e Commands::). \n+00002380: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 Configuration ca\n+00002390: 6e6e 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 nnot be. cop\n+000023a0: 6965 6420 6f76 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c ied over directl\n+000023b0: 792c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 y, although most\n+000023c0: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 GRUB Legacy use\n+000023d0: 7273 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 rs should not. \n+000023e0: 2020 2066 696e 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 find the synt\n+000023f0: 6178 2074 6f6f 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e ax too surprisin\n+00002400: 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6772 g... ... ...gr\n+00002410: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6973 2074 7970 ub.cfg... is typ\n+00002420: 6963 616c 6c79 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 ically automatic\n+00002430: 616c 6c79 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2062 ally generated b\n+00002440: 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 y ...grub-mkconf\n+00002450: 6967 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 ig.... (*not\n+00002460: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple configu\n+00002470: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 ration::). This\n+00002480: 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 makes it easier\n+00002490: 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 to handle. \n+000024a0: 7665 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c versioned kernel\n+000024b0: 2075 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 upgrades... .\n+000024c0: 80a2 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d .. Partition num\n+000024d0: 6265 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 6576 bers in GRUB dev\n+000024e0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 ice names now st\n+000024f0: 6172 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 art at 1, not 0 \n+00002500: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 (*note. Nami\n+00002510: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 ng convention::)\n+00002520: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f ... ... The co\n+00002530: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00002540: 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 7465 6e20 is now written \n+00002550: 696e 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 2063 6c6f in something clo\n+00002560: 7365 7220 746f 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 ser to a full. \n+00002570: 2020 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e scripting lan\n+00002580: 6775 6167 653a 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 guage: variables\n+00002590: 2c20 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 6c73 2c20 , conditionals, \n+000025a0: 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 650a 2020 and loops are. \n+000025b0: 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 available... \n+000025c0: 2020 e280 a220 4120 736d 616c 6c20 616d ... A small am\n+000025d0: 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7065 7273 6973 7465 ount of persiste\n+000025e0: 6e74 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6176 nt storage is av\n+000025f0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6163 726f 7373 2072 ailable across r\n+00002600: 6562 6f6f 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 7369 eboots,. usi\n+00002610: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 ng the ...save_e\n+00002620: 6e76 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986c 6f61 nv... and ...loa\n+00002630: 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 d_env... command\n+00002640: 7320 696e 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 7468 s in GRUB and th\n+00002650: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d65 e. ...grub-e\n+00002660: 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 696c 6974 ditenv... utilit\n+00002670: 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 y. This is not \n+00002680: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 6c6c available in all\n+00002690: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . configurat\n+000026a0: 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 ions (*note Envi\n+000026b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 ronment block::)\n+000026c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 ... ... GRUB 2\n+000026d0: 2068 6173 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 has more reliab\n+000026e0: 6c65 2077 6179 7320 746f 2066 696e 6420 le ways to find \n+000026f0: 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 616e its own files an\n+00002700: 6420 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 d those of. \n+00002710: 7461 7267 6574 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206f target kernels o\n+00002720: 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 n multiple-disk \n+00002730: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2068 6173 systems, and has\n+00002740: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 commands (*note\n+00002750: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 . search::) \n+00002760: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 to find devices \n+00002770: 7573 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 using file syste\n+00002780: 6d20 6c61 6265 6c73 206f 7220 556e 6976 m labels or Univ\n+00002790: 6572 7361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 ersally. Uni\n+000027a0: 7175 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 que Identifiers \n+000027b0: 2855 5549 4473 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 (UUIDs)... ...\n+000027c0: 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 7661 696c GRUB 2 is avail\n+000027d0: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c able for several\n+000027e0: 206f 7468 6572 2074 7970 6573 206f 6620 other types of \n+000027f0: 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6164 6469 7469 system in additi\n+00002800: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 2050 on. to the P\n+00002810: 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2073 C BIOS systems s\n+00002820: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 upported by GRUB\n+00002830: 204c 6567 6163 793a 2050 4320 4546 492c Legacy: PC EFI,\n+00002840: 2050 430a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f PC. coreboo\n+00002850: 742c 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 5350 4152 t, PowerPC, SPAR\n+00002860: 432c 2061 6e64 204d 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f C, and MIPS Lemo\n+00002870: 7465 2059 6565 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 te Yeeloong are \n+00002880: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 all. support\n+00002890: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4d61 6e79 ed... ... Many\n+000028a0: 206d 6f72 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 more file syste\n+000028b0: 6d73 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 ms are supported\n+000028c0: 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6275 7420 , including but \n+000028d0: 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 not limited to. \n+000028e0: 2020 2020 6578 7434 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 ext4, HFS+, \n+000028f0: 616e 6420 4e54 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 and NTFS... ..\n+00002900: a220 4752 5542 2032 2063 616e 2072 6561 . GRUB 2 can rea\n+00002910: 6420 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 d files directly\n+00002920: 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 616e 6420 5241 from LVM and RA\n+00002930: 4944 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 ID devices... \n+00002940: e280 a220 4120 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 ... A graphical \n+00002950: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2061 6e64 2061 2067 terminal and a g\n+00002960: 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7379 raphical menu sy\n+00002970: 7374 656d 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 stem are availab\n+00002980: 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 le... ... GRUB\n+00002990: 2032 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2063 2's interface c\n+000029a0: 616e 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 an be translated\n+000029b0: 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 , including menu\n+000029c0: 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 entry names... \n+000029d0: 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 ... The image \n+000029e0: 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 files (*note Ima\n+000029f0: 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 ges::) that make\n+00002a00: 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 6520 6265 up GRUB have be\n+00002a10: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 en. reorgani\n+00002a20: 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 2c20 5374 sed; Stage 1, St\n+00002a30: 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 2053 7461 age 1.5, and Sta\n+00002a40: 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 ge 2 are no more\n+00002a50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 ... ... GRUB 2\n+00002a60: 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 696c puts many facil\n+00002a70: 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 ities in dynamic\n+00002a80: 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 ally loaded modu\n+00002a90: 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 2020 les, allowing. \n+00002aa0: 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 the core imag\n+00002ab0: 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 722c e to be smaller,\n+00002ac0: 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 and allowing th\n+00002ad0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 e core image to \n+00002ae0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 696e be. built in\n+00002af0: 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 more flexible w\n+00002b00: 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ays.....File: gr\n+00002b10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00002b20: 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a Features, Next:\n+00002b30: 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 Role of a boot \n+00002b40: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 loader, Prev: C\n+00002b50: 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 hanges from GRUB\n+00002b60: 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e Legacy, Up: In\n+00002b70: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 troduction..1.4 \n+00002b80: 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 3d3d GRUB features.==\n+00002b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00002ba0: 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 6571 .The primary req\n+00002bb0: 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 5255 uirement for GRU\n+00002bc0: 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 6520 B is that it be \n+00002bd0: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 2074 compliant with t\n+00002be0: 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 he....Multiboot \n+00002bf0: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6ee2 809d Specification...\n+00002c00: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 , which is descr\n+00002c10: 6962 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 ibed in *note Mu\n+00002c20: 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot.Specific\n+00002c30: 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ation: (multiboo\n+00002c40: 7429 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f t)Top... The o\n+00002c50: 7468 6572 2067 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 ther goals, list\n+00002c60: 6564 2069 6e20 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 ed in approximat\n+00002c70: 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 e order of impor\n+00002c80: 7461 6e63 652c 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 tance, are:.. \n+00002c90: e280 a220 4261 7369 6320 6675 6e63 7469 ... Basic functi\n+00002ca0: 6f6e 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7374 7261 ons must be stra\n+00002cb0: 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 6420 666f 7220 ightforward for \n+00002cc0: 656e 642d 7573 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 end-users... .\n+00002cd0: 80a2 2052 6963 6820 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e .. Rich function\n+00002ce0: 616c 6974 7920 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 ality to support\n+00002cf0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6578 7065 7274 7320 kernel experts \n+00002d00: 616e 6420 6465 7369 676e 6572 732e 0a0a and designers...\n+00002d10: 2020 20e2 80a2 2042 6163 6b77 6172 6420 ... Backward \n+00002d20: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 666f compatibility fo\n+00002d30: 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4672 6565 4253 r booting FreeBS\n+00002d40: 442c 204e 6574 4253 442c 204f 7065 6e42 D, NetBSD, OpenB\n+00002d50: 5344 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 204c 696e SD, and. Lin\n+00002d60: 7578 2e20 2050 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 ux. Proprietary\n+00002d70: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2028 7375 6368 2061 kernels (such a\n+00002d80: 7320 444f 532c 2057 696e 646f 7773 204e s DOS, Windows N\n+00002d90: 542c 2061 6e64 204f 532f 3229 2061 7265 T, and OS/2) are\n+00002da0: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 . supported \n+00002db0: 7669 6120 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 via a chain-load\n+00002dc0: 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 ing function... \n+00002dd0: 2020 4578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 2073 7065 Except for spe\n+00002de0: 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c cific compatibil\n+00002df0: 6974 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 2863 6861 696e ity modes (chain\n+00002e00: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 6865 -loading and the\n+00002e10: 204c 696e 7578 0ae2 809c 7069 6767 7962 Linux....piggyb\n+00002e20: 6163 6be2 809d 2066 6f72 6d61 7429 2c20 ack... format), \n+00002e30: 616c 6c20 6b65 726e 656c 7320 7769 6c6c all kernels will\n+00002e40: 2062 6520 7374 6172 7465 6420 696e 206d be started in m\n+00002e50: 7563 6820 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2073 7461 uch the same sta\n+00002e60: 7465 0a61 7320 696e 2074 6865 204d 756c te.as in the Mul\n+00002e70: 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 tiboot Specifica\n+00002e80: 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6b65 726e tion. Only kern\n+00002e90: 656c 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7420 3120 els loaded at 1 \n+00002ea0: 6d65 6761 6279 7465 206f 720a 6162 6f76 megabyte or.abov\n+00002eb0: 6520 6172 6520 7072 6573 656e 746c 7920 e are presently \n+00002ec0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 416e 7920 supported. Any \n+00002ed0: 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 attempt to load \n+00002ee0: 6265 6c6f 7720 7468 6174 2062 6f75 6e64 below that bound\n+00002ef0: 6172 790a 7769 6c6c 2073 696d 706c 7920 ary.will simply \n+00002f00: 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 696d 6d65 6469 result in immedi\n+00002f10: 6174 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 616e 6420 ate failure and \n+00002f20: 616e 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 an error message\n+00002f30: 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 2070 reporting.the p\n+00002f40: 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 roblem... In a\n+00002f50: 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2072 ddition to the r\n+00002f60: 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 6162 6f76 equirements abov\n+00002f70: 652c 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7468 6520 e, GRUB has the \n+00002f80: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6665 6174 7572 following.featur\n+00002f90: 6573 2028 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 es (note that th\n+00002fa0: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 e Multiboot Spec\n+00002fb0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 646f 6573 6e27 ification doesn'\n+00002fc0: 7420 7265 7175 6972 6520 616c 6c20 7468 t require all th\n+00002fd0: 650a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 e.features that \n+00002fe0: 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7329 3a0a GRUB supports):.\n+00002ff0: 0a52 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 206d 756c 7469 .Recognize multi\n+00003000: 706c 6520 6578 6563 7574 6162 6c65 2066 ple executable f\n+00003010: 6f72 6d61 7473 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 ormats. Supp\n+00003020: 6f72 7420 6d61 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 ort many of the \n+00003030: e280 9c61 2e6f 7574 e280 9d20 7661 7269 ...a.out... vari\n+00003040: 616e 7473 2070 6c75 7320 e280 9c45 4c46 ants plus ...ELF\n+00003050: e280 9d2e 2053 796d 626f 6c20 7461 626c .... Symbol tabl\n+00003060: 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 616c 736f es are. also\n+00003070: 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 loaded...Suppor\n+00003080: 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 t non-Multiboot \n+00003090: 6b65 726e 656c 730a 2020 2020 2053 7570 kernels. Sup\n+000030a0: 706f 7274 206d 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 port many of the\n+000030b0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2066 7265 6520 3332 various free 32\n+000030c0: 2d62 6974 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 -bit kernels tha\n+000030d0: 7420 6c61 636b 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 t lack Multiboot\n+000030e0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 6365 . compliance\n+000030f0: 2028 7072 696d 6172 696c 7920 4672 6565 (primarily Free\n+00003100: 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 4428 3129 2028 BSD, NetBSD(1) (\n+00003110: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2046 6561 7475 *note. Featu\n+00003120: 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a res-Footnote-1::\n+00003130: 292c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 6420 ), OpenBSD, and \n+00003140: 4c69 6e75 7829 2e20 2043 6861 696e 2d6c Linux). Chain-l\n+00003150: 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 660a 2020 2020 206f oading of. o\n+00003160: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther boot loader\n+00003170: 7320 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 s is also suppor\n+00003180: 7465 642e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 206d 756c 7469 ted...Load multi\n+00003190: 706c 6573 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a20 2020 ples modules. \n+000031a0: 2020 4675 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 Fully support \n+000031b0: 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6665 the Multiboot fe\n+000031c0: 6174 7572 6520 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 ature of loading\n+000031d0: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 multiple module\n+000031e0: 732e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 s...Load a confi\n+000031f0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2020 guration file. \n+00003200: 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 2061 2068 756d Support a hum\n+00003210: 616e 2d72 6561 6461 626c 6520 7465 7874 an-readable text\n+00003220: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00003230: 696c 6520 7769 7468 2070 7265 7365 7420 ile with preset \n+00003240: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e boot. comman\n+00003250: 6473 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 ds. You can als\n+00003260: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 o load another c\n+00003270: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00003280: 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 790a 2020 e dynamically. \n+00003290: 2020 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2070 and embed a p\n+000032a0: 7265 7365 7420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 reset configurat\n+000032b0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 6120 4752 ion file in a GR\n+000032c0: 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652e 2020 UB image file. \n+000032d0: 5468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 The. list of\n+000032e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 commands (*note\n+000032f0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 Commands::) are\n+00003300: 2061 2073 7570 6572 7365 7420 6f66 2074 a superset of t\n+00003310: 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 hose. suppor\n+00003320: 7465 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ted on the comma\n+00003330: 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 2020 416e 2065 7861 nd-line. An exa\n+00003340: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n+00003350: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 on file is. \n+00003360: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 provided in *not\n+00003370: 6520 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e Configuration:\n+00003380: 3a2e 0a0a 5072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6d65 :...Provide a me\n+00003390: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 nu interface. \n+000033a0: 2020 4120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 A menu interfa\n+000033b0: 6365 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2070 7265 7365 ce listing prese\n+000033c0: 7420 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c t boot commands,\n+000033d0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d with a programm\n+000033e0: 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 able. timeou\n+000033f0: 742c 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e t, is available.\n+00003400: 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6669 There is no fi\n+00003410: 7865 6420 6c69 6d69 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 xed limit on the\n+00003420: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 number of. \n+00003430: 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e boot entries, an\n+00003440: 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 696d d the current im\n+00003450: 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 plementation has\n+00003460: 2073 7061 6365 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 space for sever\n+00003470: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6875 6e64 7265 642e al. hundred.\n+00003480: 0a0a 4861 7665 2061 2066 6c65 7869 626c ..Have a flexibl\n+00003490: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 e command-line i\n+000034a0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 nterface. A \n+000034b0: 6661 6972 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 fairly flexible \n+000034c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 command-line int\n+000034d0: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 6163 6365 7373 6962 erface, accessib\n+000034e0: 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 le from the menu\n+000034f0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 ,. is availa\n+00003500: 626c 6520 746f 2065 6469 7420 616e 7920 ble to edit any \n+00003510: 7072 6573 6574 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c preset commands,\n+00003520: 206f 7220 7772 6974 6520 6120 6e65 7720 or write a new \n+00003530: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e boot. comman\n+00003540: 6420 7365 7420 6672 6f6d 2073 6372 6174 d set from scrat\n+00003550: 6368 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6669 ch. If no confi\n+00003560: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 guration file is\n+00003570: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2047 present,. G\n+00003580: 5255 4220 6472 6f70 7320 746f 2074 6865 RUB drops to the\n+00003590: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a command-line...\n+000035a0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 The list of\n+000035b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 commands (*note\n+000035c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 Commands::) are\n+000035d0: 2061 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f a subset of tho\n+000035e0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 se. supporte\n+000035f0: 6420 666f 7220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 d for configurat\n+00003600: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 2020 4564 6974 ion files. Edit\n+00003610: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 6c6f ing commands clo\n+00003620: 7365 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7365 6d62 sely. resemb\n+00003630: 6c65 7320 7468 6520 4261 7368 2063 6f6d les the Bash com\n+00003640: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 mand-line (*note\n+00003650: 2042 6173 683a 2028 6665 6174 7572 6573 Bash: (features\n+00003660: 2943 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c 696e 650a 2020 )Command Line. \n+00003670: 2020 2045 6469 7469 6e67 2e29 2c20 7769 Editing.), wi\n+00003680: 7468 203c 5441 423e 2d63 6f6d 706c 6574 th -complet\n+00003690: 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c ion of commands,\n+000036a0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7061 7274 6974 devices, partit\n+000036b0: 696f 6e73 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2066 ions,. and f\n+000036c0: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6469 7265 6374 iles in a direct\n+000036d0: 6f72 7920 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e ory depending on\n+000036e0: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e0a 0a53 7570 706f context...Suppo\n+000036f0: 7274 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6669 6c65 rt multiple file\n+00003700: 7379 7374 656d 2074 7970 6573 0a20 2020 system types. \n+00003710: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 Support multip\n+00003720: 6c65 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7479 le filesystem ty\n+00003730: 7065 7320 7472 616e 7370 6172 656e 746c pes transparentl\n+00003740: 792c 2070 6c75 7320 6120 7573 6566 756c y, plus a useful\n+00003750: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6963 6974 2062 . explicit b\n+00003760: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 6174 696f locklist notatio\n+00003770: 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c n. The currentl\n+00003780: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6669 6c65 y supported file\n+00003790: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 7479 7065 system. type\n+000037a0: 7320 6172 6520 e280 9c41 6d69 6761 2046 s are ...Amiga F\n+000037b0: 6173 7420 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 ast FileSystem (\n+000037c0: 4146 4653 29e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c41 7468 AFFS)..., ...Ath\n+000037d0: 654f 5320 6673 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 4265 eOS fs..., ...Be\n+000037e0: 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9c42 FS...,. ...B\n+000037f0: 7472 4653 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 trFS... (includi\n+00003800: 6e67 2072 6169 6430 2c20 7261 6964 312c ng raid0, raid1,\n+00003810: 2072 6169 6431 302c 2067 7a69 7020 616e raid10, gzip an\n+00003820: 6420 6c7a 6f29 2c20 e280 9c63 7069 6fe2 d lzo), ...cpio.\n+00003830: 809d 0a20 2020 2020 286c 6974 746c 652d ... (little-\n+00003840: 2061 6e64 2062 6967 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 and big-endian \n+00003850: 6269 6e2c 206f 6463 2061 6e64 206e 6577 bin, odc and new\n+00003860: 6320 7661 7269 616e 7473 292c 20e2 809c c variants), ...\n+00003870: 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2065 7874 322f Linux. ext2/\n+00003880: 6578 7433 2f65 7874 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 ext3/ext4..., ..\n+00003890: 9c44 4f53 2046 4154 3132 2f46 4154 3136 .DOS FAT12/FAT16\n+000038a0: 2f46 4154 3332 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 6578 /FAT32..., ...ex\n+000038b0: 4641 54e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c46 3246 53e2 FAT..., ...F2FS.\n+000038c0: 809d 2c20 e280 9c48 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 .., ...HFS...,. \n+000038d0: 2020 2020 e280 9c48 4653 2be2 809d 2c20 ...HFS+..., \n+000038e0: e280 9c49 534f 3936 3630 e280 9d20 2869 ...ISO9660... (i\n+000038f0: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 204a 6f6c 6965 742c ncluding Joliet,\n+00003900: 2052 6f63 6b2d 7269 6467 6520 616e 6420 Rock-ridge and \n+00003910: 6d75 6c74 692d 6368 756e 6b0a 2020 2020 multi-chunk. \n+00003920: 2066 696c 6573 292c 20e2 809c 4a46 53e2 files), ...JFS.\n+00003930: 809d 2c20 e280 9c4d 696e 6978 2066 73e2 .., ...Minix fs.\n+00003940: 809d 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2031 2c20 .. (versions 1, \n+00003950: 3220 616e 6420 3329 2c20 e280 9c6e 696c 2 and 3), ...nil\n+00003960: 6673 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c4e 5446 53e2 fs2..., ...NTFS.\n+00003970: 809d 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 ... (includi\n+00003980: 6e67 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 292c ng compression),\n+00003990: 20e2 809c 5265 6973 6572 4653 e280 9d2c ...ReiserFS...,\n+000039a0: 20e2 809c 524f 4d46 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 ...ROMFS..., ..\n+000039b0: 9c41 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 7274 0a20 2020 .Amiga Smart. \n+000039c0: 2020 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 5346 FileSystem (SF\n+000039d0: 5329 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5371 7561 7368 S)..., ...Squash\n+000039e0: 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c74 6172 e280 9d2c 4..., ...tar...,\n+000039f0: 20e2 809c 5544 46e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c42 ...UDF..., ...B\n+00003a00: 5344 2055 4653 2f55 4653 32e2 809d 2c20 SD UFS/UFS2..., \n+00003a10: e280 9c58 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 ...XFS...,. \n+00003a20: 616e 6420 e280 9c5a 4653 e280 9d20 2869 and ...ZFS... (i\n+00003a30: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206c 7a6a 622c 2067 ncluding lzjb, g\n+00003a40: 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 6d69 7272 6f72 zip, zle, mirror\n+00003a50: 2c20 7374 7269 7065 2c20 7261 6964 7a31 , stripe, raidz1\n+00003a60: 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 656e /2/3. and en\n+00003a70: 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4145 532d cryption in AES-\n+00003a80: 4343 4d20 616e 6420 4145 532d 4743 4d29 CCM and AES-GCM)\n+00003a90: 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 7379 7374 . *Note Filesyst\n+00003aa0: 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 206d em::, for. m\n+00003ab0: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore information.\n+00003ac0: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6175 746f 6d61 ..Support automa\n+00003ad0: 7469 6320 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f tic decompressio\n+00003ae0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 616e 2064 6563 6f6d n. Can decom\n+00003af0: 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 7768 6963 press files whic\n+00003b00: 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 h were compresse\n+00003b10: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 677a 6970 e280 9920 d by ...gzip... \n+00003b20: 6f72 20e2 8098 787a e280 9928 3229 0a20 or ...xz...(2). \n+00003b30: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 (*note Featu\n+00003b40: 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a res-Footnote-2::\n+00003b50: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f ). This functio\n+00003b60: 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 6820 6175 746f 6d61 n is both automa\n+00003b70: 7469 6320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 7261 tic and. tra\n+00003b80: 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 nsparent to the \n+00003b90: 7573 6572 2028 692e 652e 2020 616c 6c20 user (i.e. all \n+00003ba0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 6572 6174 functions operat\n+00003bb0: 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e upon the. \n+00003bc0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2063 6f6e uncompressed con\n+00003bd0: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7065 tents of the spe\n+00003be0: 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c 6573 292e 2020 cified files). \n+00003bf0: 5468 6973 2067 7265 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 This greatly. \n+00003c00: 2020 7265 6475 6365 7320 6120 6669 6c65 reduces a file\n+00003c10: 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 696e size and loadin\n+00003c20: 6720 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 7274 6963 g time, a partic\n+00003c30: 756c 6172 6c79 2067 7265 6174 2062 656e ularly great ben\n+00003c40: 6566 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 666c efit. for fl\n+00003c50: 6f70 7069 6573 2e28 3329 2020 282a 6e6f oppies.(3) (*no\n+00003c60: 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 te Features-Foot\n+00003c70: 6e6f 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 note-3::).. \n+00003c80: 4974 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c It is conceivabl\n+00003c90: 6520 7468 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e e that some kern\n+00003ca0: 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c el modules shoul\n+00003cb0: 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 d be loaded in a\n+00003cc0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 . compressed\n+00003cd0: 2073 7461 7465 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 state, so a dif\n+00003ce0: 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f ferent module-lo\n+00003cf0: 6164 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 ading command ca\n+00003d00: 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 n be. specif\n+00003d10: 6965 6420 746f 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 ied to avoid unc\n+00003d20: 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d ompressing the m\n+00003d30: 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 odules...Access \n+00003d40: 6461 7461 206f 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 data on any inst\n+00003d50: 616c 6c65 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 alled device. \n+00003d60: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e Support readin\n+00003d70: 6720 6461 7461 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 g data from any \n+00003d80: 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 or all floppies \n+00003d90: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a or hard disk(s).\n+00003da0: 2020 2020 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 recognized \n+00003db0: 6279 2074 6865 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 by the BIOS, ind\n+00003dc0: 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 ependent of the \n+00003dd0: 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 setting of the r\n+00003de0: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e oot. device.\n+00003df0: 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 ..Be independent\n+00003e00: 206f 6620 6472 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 of drive geomet\n+00003e10: 7279 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a ry translations.\n+00003e20: 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 Unlike many\n+00003e30: 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 other boot load\n+00003e40: 6572 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 ers, GRUB makes \n+00003e50: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 the particular d\n+00003e60: 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c rive. transl\n+00003e70: 6174 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 ation irrelevant\n+00003e80: 2e20 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 . A drive insta\n+00003e90: 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 lled and running\n+00003ea0: 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 with one. t\n+00003eb0: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 ranslation may b\n+00003ec0: 6520 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 e converted to a\n+00003ed0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 nother translati\n+00003ee0: 6f6e 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 on without any. \n+00003ef0: 2020 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 adverse effe\n+00003f00: 6374 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 cts or changes i\n+00003f10: 6e20 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 n GRUB's configu\n+00003f20: 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 ration...Detect \n+00003f30: 616c 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 all installed RA\n+00003f40: 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 M. GRUB can \n+00003f50: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 generally find a\n+00003f60: 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 ll the installed\n+00003f70: 2052 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d RAM on a PC-com\n+00003f80: 7061 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 patible. mac\n+00003f90: 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 hine. It uses a\n+00003fa0: 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 n advanced BIOS \n+00003fb0: 7175 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 query technique \n+00003fc0: 666f 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a for finding all.\n+00003fd0: 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 memory regi\n+00003fe0: 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 ons. As describ\n+00003ff0: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 ed on the Multib\n+00004000: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n+00004010: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 n (*note. Mu\n+00004020: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n+00004030: 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ation: (multiboo\n+00004040: 7429 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c t)Top.), not all\n+00004050: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 kernels make us\n+00004060: 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 e. of this i\n+00004070: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 nformation, but \n+00004080: 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 GRUB provides it\n+00004090: 2066 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 for those who d\n+000040a0: 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 o...Support Logi\n+000040b0: 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 cal Block Addres\n+000040c0: 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 s mode. In t\n+000040d0: 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 6b20 raditional disk \n+000040e0: 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 e280 calls (called ..\n+000040f0: 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 809d 292c 2074 .CHS mode...), t\n+00004100: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 here is a geomet\n+00004110: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 ry. translat\n+00004120: 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 ion problem, tha\n+00004130: 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2063 t is, the BIOS c\n+00004140: 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 7373 206f 7665 annot access ove\n+00004150: 7220 3130 3234 0a20 2020 2020 6379 6c69 r 1024. cyli\n+00004160: 6e64 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6163 nders, so the ac\n+00004170: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 cessible space i\n+00004180: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2061 7420 s limited to at \n+00004190: 6c65 6173 7420 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 least 508 MB. \n+000041a0: 2020 616e 6420 746f 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 and to at most\n+000041b0: 2038 4742 2e20 4752 5542 2063 616e 2774 8GB. GRUB can't\n+000041c0: 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c universally sol\n+000041d0: 7665 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c ve this problem,\n+000041e0: 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 as. there i\n+000041f0: 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e s no standard in\n+00004200: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 terface used in \n+00004210: 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e20 2048 all machines. H\n+00004220: 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 owever,. sev\n+00004230: 6572 616c 206e 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 eral newer machi\n+00004240: 6e65 7320 6861 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 nes have the new\n+00004250: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 interface, Logi\n+00004260: 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 cal Block. A\n+00004270: 6464 7265 7373 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 e280 ddress (...LBA..\n+00004280: 9d29 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 5542 2061 .) mode. GRUB a\n+00004290: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 utomatically det\n+000042a0: 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 ects if LBA mode\n+000042b0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 is. availab\n+000042c0: 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 le and uses it i\n+000042d0: 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 496e f available. In\n+000042e0: 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 5255 4220 LBA mode, GRUB \n+000042f0: 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 can access. \n+00004300: 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b2e the entire disk.\n+00004310: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 ..Support networ\n+00004320: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 2020 2047 k booting. G\n+00004330: 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 616c 6c79 RUB is basically\n+00004340: 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 6420 626f a disk-based bo\n+00004350: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 7420 616c ot loader but al\n+00004360: 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 so has network. \n+00004370: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 596f support. Yo\n+00004380: 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 696d u can load OS im\n+00004390: 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 ages from a netw\n+000043a0: 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 ork by using the\n+000043b0: 20e2 809c 5446 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 2020 ...TFTP.... \n+000043c0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 protocol...Supp\n+000043d0: 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 ort remote termi\n+000043e0: 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f 2073 7570 nals. To sup\n+000043f0: 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 port computers w\n+00004400: 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 ith no console, \n+00004410: 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 7265 GRUB provides re\n+00004420: 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 mote terminal. \n+00004430: 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 736f 2074 support, so t\n+00004440: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 hat you can cont\n+00004450: 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 rol GRUB from a \n+00004460: 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e remote host. On\n+00004470: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 2074 ly. serial t\n+00004480: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 erminal support \n+00004490: 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 is implemented a\n+000044a0: 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f t the moment....\n+000044b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000044c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 7475 7265 , Node: Feature\n+000044d0: 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 s-Footnotes, Up\n+000044e0: 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 : Features.. (\n+000044f0: 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 442f 6933 1) The NetBSD/i3\n+00004500: 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 204d 756c 86 kernel is Mul\n+00004510: 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 tiboot-compliant\n+00004520: 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 7375 7070 , but lacks supp\n+00004530: 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ort.for Multiboo\n+00004540: 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 t modules... (\n+00004550: 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 3220 6461 2) Only CRC32 da\n+00004560: 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2063 6865 ta integrity che\n+00004570: 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 ck is supported \n+00004580: 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2043 (xz default is C\n+00004590: 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 RC64.so one shou\n+000045a0: 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 6b3d 6372 ld use -check=cr\n+000045b0: 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 4c5a c32 option). LZ\n+000045c0: 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 7273 2061 MA BCJ filters a\n+000045d0: 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 re supported... \n+000045e0: 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 (3) There are \n+000045f0: 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 a few pathologic\n+00004600: 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 206c al cases where l\n+00004610: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 7920 6261 oading a very ba\n+00004620: 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 454c dly.organized EL\n+00004630: 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 6874 2074 F kernel might t\n+00004640: 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 7420 ake longer, but \n+00004650: 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 7468 6973 in practice this\n+00004660: 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a never.happen...\n+00004670: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00004680: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 206f o, Node: Role o\n+00004690: 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c f a boot loader,\n+000046a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 Prev: Features\n+000046b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 , Up: Introduct\n+000046c0: 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 2072 6f6c ion..1.5 The rol\n+000046d0: 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 e of a boot load\n+000046e0: 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d er.=============\n+000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00004700: 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 ..The following \n+00004710: 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 is a quotation f\n+00004720: 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 rom Gordon Matzi\n+00004730: 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 4220 6661 gkeit, a GRUB fa\n+00004740: 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d natic:.. Som\n+00004750: 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b 6520 746f e people like to\n+00004760: 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 2062 6f74 acknowledge bot\n+00004770: 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 h the operating \n+00004780: 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 system and. \n+00004790: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 kernel when they\n+000047a0: 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6569 talk about thei\n+000047b0: 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c 2073 6f20 r computers, so \n+000047c0: 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 6179 2074 they might say t\n+000047d0: 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2022 474e hey. use \"GN\n+000047e0: 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 2247 4e55 U/Linux\" or \"GNU\n+000047f0: 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2070 /Hurd\". Other p\n+00004800: 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 6f20 7468 eople seem to th\n+00004810: 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ink that the. \n+00004820: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 7468 6520 kernel is the \n+00004830: 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 most important p\n+00004840: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 art of the syste\n+00004850: 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c 696b 6520 m, so they like \n+00004860: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 to. call the\n+00004870: 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ir GNU operating\n+00004880: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 systems \"Linux \n+00004890: 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 2020 2020 systems.\".. \n+000048a0: 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 I, personally, b\n+000048b0: 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 elieve that this\n+000048c0: 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 696e 6a75 is a grave inju\n+000048d0: 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 stice, because t\n+000048e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f he. _boot lo\n+000048f0: 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 ader_ is the mos\n+00004900: 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 736f 6674 t important soft\n+00004910: 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 ware of all. I \n+00004920: 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6566 used to. ref\n+00004930: 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 er to the above \n+00004940: 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 6974 6865 systems as eithe\n+00004950: 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 282a 6e6f r \"LILO\"(1) (*no\n+00004960: 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 te Role of a. \n+00004970: 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d 466f boot loader-Fo\n+00004980: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 otnote-1::) or \"\n+00004990: 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a GRUB\" systems...\n+000049a0: 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 Unfortunate\n+000049b0: 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 7665 7220 ly, nobody ever \n+000049c0: 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 6861 7420 understood what \n+000049d0: 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 I was talking ab\n+000049e0: 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 4920 out; now. I \n+000049f0: 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 6f72 just use the wor\n+00004a00: 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 2070 7365 d \"GNU\" as a pse\n+00004a10: 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422e udonym for GRUB.\n+00004a20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 796f .. So, if yo\n+00004a30: 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 7065 6f70 u ever hear peop\n+00004a40: 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 626f 7574 le talking about\n+00004a50: 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 their alleged \"\n+00004a60: 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d GNU\". system\n+00004a70: 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 s, remember that\n+00004a80: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 7475 616c they are actual\n+00004a90: 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f 6d61 6765 ly paying homage\n+00004aa0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 0a20 2020 to the best. \n+00004ab0: 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6172 boot loader ar\n+00004ac0: 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 210a 0a20 ound... GRUB!.. \n+00004ad0: 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d We, the GRUB m\n+00004ae0: 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 646f 206e aintainers, do n\n+00004af0: 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 ot (usually) enc\n+00004b00: 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 ourage Gordon's \n+00004b10: 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e 6174 6963 level.of fanatic\n+00004b20: 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6865 6c70 ism, but it help\n+00004b30: 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 s to remember th\n+00004b40: 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 at boot loaders \n+00004b50: 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f 676e 6974 deserve.recognit\n+00004b60: 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 6520 7468 ion. We hope th\n+00004b70: 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 at you enjoy usi\n+00004b80: 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6173 206d ng GNU GRUB as m\n+00004b90: 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 640a 7772 uch as we did.wr\n+00004ba0: 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c iting it.....Fil\n+00004bb0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00004bc0: 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 ode: Role of a b\n+00004bd0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e oot loader-Footn\n+00004be0: 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 otes, Up: Role \n+00004bf0: 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 of a boot loader\n+00004c00: 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204c 496e .. (1) The LIn\n+00004c10: 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 2062 6f6f ux LOader, a boo\n+00004c20: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 6576 t loader that ev\n+00004c30: 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 2c20 6275 erybody uses, bu\n+00004c40: 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a t nobody.likes..\n+00004c50: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00004c60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e fo, Node: Namin\n+00004c70: 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e g convention, N\n+00004c80: 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 ext: OS-specific\n+00004c90: 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 notes about gru\n+00004ca0: 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 b tools, Prev: \n+00004cb0: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 Introduction, U\n+00004cc0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 p: Top..2 Naming\n+00004cd0: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a convention.****\n+00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+00004cf0: 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 .The device synt\n+00004d00: 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 ax used in GRUB \n+00004d10: 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 2064 6966 is a wee bit dif\n+00004d20: 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6174 ferent from what\n+00004d30: 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 6520 7365 you may.have se\n+00004d40: 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e 2079 6f75 en before in you\n+00004d50: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n+00004d60: 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206e em(s), and you n\n+00004d70: 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 eed to know it s\n+00004d80: 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 o.that you can s\n+00004d90: 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 7665 2f70 pecify a drive/p\n+00004da0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f artition... Lo\n+00004db0: 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ok at the follow\n+00004dc0: 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 6e64 ing examples and\n+00004dd0: 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a explanations:..\n+00004de0: 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 (fd0).. F\n+00004df0: 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 irst of all, GRU\n+00004e00: 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 6861 7420 B requires that \n+00004e10: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 the device name \n+00004e20: 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 7468 be enclosed with\n+00004e30: 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 ...(....and ...\n+00004e40: 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6664 ).... The ...fd\n+00004e50: e280 9920 7061 7274 206d 6561 6e73 2074 ... part means t\n+00004e60: 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 666c 6f70 hat it is a flop\n+00004e70: 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 6e75 py disk. The nu\n+00004e80: 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 7320 mber ...0....is \n+00004e90: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 the drive number\n+00004ea0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 , which is count\n+00004eb0: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 ed from _zero_. \n+00004ec0: 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e This expression\n+00004ed0: 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 .means that GRUB\n+00004ee0: 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7768 will use the wh\n+00004ef0: 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e ole floppy disk.\n+00004f00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f .. (hd0,msdo\n+00004f10: 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 2c20 e280 s2).. Here, ..\n+00004f20: 9868 64e2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 .hd... means it \n+00004f30: 6973 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 is a hard disk d\n+00004f40: 7269 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 rive. The first\n+00004f50: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 integer ...0...\n+00004f60: 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 .indicates the d\n+00004f70: 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 rive number, tha\n+00004f80: 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 t is, the first \n+00004f90: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 hard disk, the s\n+00004fa0: 7472 696e 670a e280 986d 7364 6f73 e280 tring....msdos..\n+00004fb0: 9920 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 7468 6520 . indicates the \n+00004fc0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 partition scheme\n+00004fd0: 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 7365 636f , while the seco\n+00004fe0: 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 e280 9832 nd integer, ...2\n+00004ff0: e280 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 ...,.indicates t\n+00005000: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d he partition num\n+00005010: 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2073 ber (or the PC s\n+00005020: 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 lice number in t\n+00005030: 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f he BSD.terminolo\n+00005040: 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 gy). The partit\n+00005050: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6172 6520 ion numbers are \n+00005060: 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 205f 6f6e counted from _on\n+00005070: 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a 6572 e_, not from.zer\n+00005080: 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 6520 6361 o (as was the ca\n+00005090: 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 se in previous v\n+000050a0: 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4229 ersions of GRUB)\n+000050b0: 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f . This expressio\n+000050c0: 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7365 636f n.means the seco\n+000050d0: 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 nd partition of \n+000050e0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n+000050f0: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 496e 2074 isk drive. In t\n+00005100: 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 2075 his case,.GRUB u\n+00005110: 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ses one partitio\n+00005120: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2c 2069 n of the disk, i\n+00005130: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 7768 nstead of the wh\n+00005140: 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ole disk... \n+00005150: 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a 2020 (hd0,msdos5).. \n+00005160: 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 This specifies \n+00005170: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 e280 9c65 7874 the first ...ext\n+00005180: 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6ee2 ended partition.\n+00005190: 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 .. of the first \n+000051a0: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e hard disk.drive.\n+000051b0: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 Note that the \n+000051c0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 partition number\n+000051d0: 7320 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 s for extended p\n+000051e0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f artitions are.co\n+000051f0: 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 35e2 unted from ...5.\n+00005200: 8099 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 7373 206f .., regardless o\n+00005210: 6620 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 206e 756d f the actual num\n+00005220: 6265 7220 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 ber of primary p\n+00005230: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 artitions.on you\n+00005240: 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 r hard disk... \n+00005250: 2020 2028 6864 312c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 (hd1,msdos1,b\n+00005260: 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d65 sd1).. This me\n+00005270: 616e 7320 7468 6520 4253 4420 e280 9861 ans the BSD ...a\n+00005280: e280 9920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e ... partition on\n+00005290: 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 736c 6963 6520 first PC slice \n+000052a0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 650a 7365 number of the.se\n+000052b0: 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e0a cond hard disk..\n+000052c0: 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 652c 2074 . Of course, t\n+000052d0: 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2061 6363 6573 o actually acces\n+000052e0: 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b 7320 6f72 2070 s the disks or p\n+000052f0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2047 artitions with G\n+00005300: 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 6420 746f RUB, you.need to\n+00005310: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 use the device \n+00005320: 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 696e specification in\n+00005330: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 a command, like\n+00005340: 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6664 ...set root=(fd\n+00005350: 3029 e280 990a 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7274 0)....or ...part\n+00005360: 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7333 tool (hd0,msdos3\n+00005370: 2920 6869 6464 656e 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 ) hidden-.... T\n+00005380: 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 o help you find \n+00005390: 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 out which number\n+000053a0: 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 .specifies a par\n+000053b0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c tition you want,\n+000053c0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e the GRUB comman\n+000053d0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f d-line (*note.Co\n+000053e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n+000053f0: 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 face::) options \n+00005400: 6861 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f have argument co\n+00005410: 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 mpletion. This \n+00005420: 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 means.that, for \n+00005430: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c example, you onl\n+00005440: 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a y need to type..\n+00005450: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a set root=(.\n+00005460: 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 . followed by \n+00005470: 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 2047 5255 a , and GRU\n+00005480: 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 B will display t\n+00005490: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 he list of drive\n+000054a0: 732c 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f s,.partitions, o\n+000054b0: 7220 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 r file names. S\n+000054c0: 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 o it should be q\n+000054d0: 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 uite easy to det\n+000054e0: 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 ermine the.name \n+000054f0: 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 of your target p\n+00005500: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 artition, even w\n+00005510: 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 ith minimal know\n+00005520: 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e ledge of the.syn\n+00005530: 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 tax... Note th\n+00005540: 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f at GRUB does _no\n+00005550: 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 t_ distinguish I\n+00005560: 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 DE from SCSI - i\n+00005570: 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 t simply.counts \n+00005580: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 the drive number\n+00005590: 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 s from zero, reg\n+000055a0: 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 ardless of their\n+000055b0: 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 type. Normally\n+000055c0: 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 ,.any IDE drive \n+000055d0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 number is less t\n+000055e0: 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 han any SCSI dri\n+000055f0: 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f ve number, altho\n+00005600: 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 ugh that.is not \n+00005610: 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e true if you chan\n+00005620: 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 ge the boot sequ\n+00005630: 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 ence by swapping\n+00005640: 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 IDE and SCSI.dr\n+00005650: 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f ives in your BIO\n+00005660: 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 S... Now the q\n+00005670: 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 uestion is, how \n+00005680: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c to specify a fil\n+00005690: 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 e? Again, consi\n+000056a0: 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a der an.example:.\n+000056b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 . (hd0,msdos\n+000056c0: 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 1)/vmlinuz.. T\n+000056d0: 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 his specifies th\n+000056e0: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 e file named ...\n+000056f0: 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f 756e vmlinuz..., foun\n+00005700: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 d on the first p\n+00005710: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 artition.of the \n+00005720: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 first hard disk \n+00005730: 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 drive. Note tha\n+00005740: 7420 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 t the argument c\n+00005750: 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a ompletion works.\n+00005760: 7769 7468 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c with file names,\n+00005770: 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 too... That w\n+00005780: 6173 2065 6173 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 as easy, admit i\n+00005790: 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 t. Now read the\n+000057a0: 206e 6578 7420 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 next chapter, t\n+000057b0: 6f20 6669 6e64 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 o find out how.t\n+000057c0: 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 o actually insta\n+000057d0: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 ll GRUB on your \n+000057e0: 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 drive.....File: \n+000057f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00005800: 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f : OS-specific no\n+00005810: 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 tes about grub t\n+00005820: 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 ools, Next: Ins\n+00005830: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 tallation, Prev\n+00005840: 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 : Naming convent\n+00005850: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 ion, Up: Top..3\n+00005860: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n+00005870: 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f es about grub to\n+00005880: 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ols.************\n 00005890: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 ****..On OS whic\n-000058b0: 6820 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f h have device no\n-000058c0: 6465 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 des similar to U\n-000058d0: 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 nix-like OS GRUB\n-000058e0: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f tools use the.O\n-000058f0: 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 S name. E.g. f\n-00005900: 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 or GNU/Linux:.. \n-00005910: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n-00005920: 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 ll /dev/sda.. \n-00005930: 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 On AROS we use a\n-00005940: 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 nother syntax. \n-00005950: 466f 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 For volumes:.. \n-00005960: 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 //:.. E.g... \n-00005980: 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f //:DH0.. Fo\n-00005990: 7220 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 r disks we use s\n-000059a0: 796e 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c yntax:. //:<\n-000059b0: 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e 2f75 6e69 driver name>/uni\n-000059c0: 742f 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e t/flags.. E.g.\n-000059d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n-000059e0: 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 stall //:ata.dev\n-000059f0: 6963 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 ice/0/0.. On W\n-00005a00: 696e 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e indows we use UN\n-00005a10: 4320 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c C path. For vol\n-00005a20: 756d 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 umes it's typica\n-00005a30: 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f lly.. \\\\?\\Vo\n-00005a40: 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 lume{}. \n-00005a50: 2020 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 \\\\?\\:.. E.g...\n-00005a70: 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b \\\\?\\Volume{\n-00005a80: 3137 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 17f34d50-cf64-4b\n-00005a90: 3032 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 02-800e-51d79c3a\n-00005aa0: 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 a2ff}. \\\\?\\C\n-00005ab0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 :.. For disks \n-00005ac0: 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 it's.. \\\\?\\P\n-00005ad0: 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d hysicalDrive.. E.g... \n-00005af0: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n-00005b00: 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 ll \\\\?\\PhysicalD\n-00005b10: 7269 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 rive0.. Beware\n-00005b20: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 that you may ne\n-00005b30: 6564 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 ed to further es\n-00005b40: 6361 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 cape the backsla\n-00005b50: 7368 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f shes depending.o\n-00005b60: 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 n your shell... \n-00005b70: 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 When compiled \n-00005b80: 7769 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 with cygwin supp\n-00005b90: 6f72 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 ort then cygwin \n-00005ba0: 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a drive names are.\n-00005bb0: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 automatically wh\n-00005bc0: 656e 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e en needed. E.g.\n-00005bd0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n-00005be0: 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a stall /dev/sda..\n-00005bf0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00005c00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c o, Node: Instal\n-00005c10: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 lation, Next: B\n-00005c20: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f ooting, Prev: O\n-00005c30: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n-00005c40: 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c about grub tool\n-00005c50: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 s, Up: Top..4 I\n-00005c60: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a nstallation.****\n-00005c70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f **********..In o\n-00005c80: 7264 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 rder to install \n-00005c90: 4752 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f GRUB as your boo\n-00005ca0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 t loader, you ne\n-00005cb0: 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 ed to first inst\n-00005cc0: 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 all.the GRUB sys\n-00005cd0: 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 tem and utilitie\n-00005ce0: 7320 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 s under your UNI\n-00005cf0: 582d 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 X-like operating\n-00005d00: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f system.(*note O\n-00005d10: 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 btaining and Bui\n-00005d20: 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 lding GRUB::). \n-00005d30: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 You can do this \n-00005d40: 6569 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a either from the.\n-00005d50: 736f 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 source tarball, \n-00005d60: 6f72 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 or as a package \n-00005d70: 666f 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 for your OS... \n-00005d80: 2041 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 After you have \n-00005d90: 646f 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e done that, you n\n-00005da0: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 eed to install t\n-00005db0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f he boot loader o\n-00005dc0: 6e20 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 n a.drive (flopp\n-00005dd0: 7920 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 y or hard disk) \n-00005de0: 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 by using the uti\n-00005df0: 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 lity ...grub-ins\n-00005e00: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 tall... (*note.I\n-00005e10: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n-00005e20: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 tall::) on a UNI\n-00005e30: 582d 6c69 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 X-like OS... G\n-00005e40: 5255 4220 636f 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 RUB comes with b\n-00005e50: 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 oot images, whic\n-00005e60: 6820 6172 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 h are normally p\n-00005e70: 7574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 ut in the direct\n-00005e80: 6f72 790a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f ory..../usr/lib/\n-00005e90: 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c 706c 6174 grub/-... (for BI\n-00005eb0: 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 206d 6163 6869 6e65 OS-based machine\n-00005ec0: 730a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 s..../usr/lib/gr\n-00005ed0: 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 e280 9929 2e20 ub/i386-pc...). \n-00005ee0: 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 6520 Hereafter, the \n-00005ef0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 directory where \n-00005f00: 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 6520 GRUB images.are \n-00005f10: 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 6564 initially placed\n-00005f20: 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 (normally .../u\n-00005f30: 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 sr/lib/grub/-...)\n-00005f50: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 will be.called \n-00005f60: 7468 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 6972 the ...image dir\n-00005f70: 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 ectory..., and t\n-00005f80: 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 he directory whe\n-00005f90: 7265 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 re the boot load\n-00005fa0: 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 er.needs to find\n-00005fb0: 2074 6865 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 them (usually .\n-00005fc0: 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 7769 6c6c ../boot...) will\n-00005fd0: 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 20e2 be called the .\n-00005fe0: 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 ..boot.directory\n-00005ff0: e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ......* Menu:..*\n-00006000: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 Installing GRUB\n-00006010: 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 using grub-inst\n-00006020: 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 all::.* Making a\n-00006030: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n-00006040: 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 D-ROM::.* Device\n-00006050: 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 696e map::.* BIOS in\n-00006060: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a stallation::....\n-00006070: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00006080: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 Node: Installi\n-00006090: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 ng GRUB using gr\n-000060a0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 ub-install, Nex\n-000060b0: 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 t: Making a GRUB\n-000060c0: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n-000060d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 , Up: Installat\n-000060e0: 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c ion..4.1 Install\n-000060f0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 ing GRUB using g\n-00006100: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d rub-install.====\n+000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 ********..On OS \n+000058b0: 7768 6963 6820 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 which have devic\n+000058c0: 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 e nodes similar \n+000058d0: 746f 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 to Unix-like OS \n+000058e0: 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 GRUB tools use t\n+000058f0: 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 he.OS name. E.g\n+00005900: 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 . for GNU/Linux\n+00005910: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 :.. # grub-i\n+00005920: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a nstall /dev/sda.\n+00005930: 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 . On AROS we u\n+00005940: 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 se another synta\n+00005950: 782e 2020 466f 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a x. For volumes:\n+00005960: 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d .. //:.. E.g.\n+00005980: 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 .. //:DH0.. \n+00005990: 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 For disks we u\n+000059a0: 7365 2073 796e 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 se syntax:. \n+000059b0: 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e //:\n+000059c0: 2f75 6e69 742f 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 /unit/flags.. \n+000059d0: 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 E.g... # gru\n+000059e0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 b-install //:ata\n+000059f0: 2e64 6576 6963 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 .device/0/0.. \n+00005a00: 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 On Windows we us\n+00005a10: 6520 554e 4320 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 e UNC path. For\n+00005a20: 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 volumes it's ty\n+00005a30: 7069 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c pically.. \\\\\n+00005a40: 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d ?\\Volume{}\n+00005a50: 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 . \\\\?\\:.. E.\n+00005a70: 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c g... \\\\?\\Vol\n+00005a80: 756d 657b 3137 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 ume{17f34d50-cf6\n+00005a90: 342d 3462 3032 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 4-4b02-800e-51d7\n+00005aa0: 3963 3361 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 9c3aa2ff}. \\\n+00005ab0: 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 \\?\\C:.. For di\n+00005ac0: 736b 7320 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c sks it's.. \\\n+00005ad0: 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 \\?\\PhysicalDrive\n+00005ae0: 3c6e 756d 6265 723e 0a0a 2020 2045 2e67 .. E.g\n+00005af0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 ... # grub-i\n+00005b00: 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 nstall \\\\?\\Physi\n+00005b10: 6361 6c44 7269 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 calDrive0.. Be\n+00005b20: 7761 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 ware that you ma\n+00005b30: 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 y need to furthe\n+00005b40: 7220 6573 6361 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 r escape the bac\n+00005b50: 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 kslashes dependi\n+00005b60: 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c ng.on your shell\n+00005b70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 ... When compi\n+00005b80: 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 led with cygwin \n+00005b90: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 support then cyg\n+00005ba0: 7769 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 win drive names \n+00005bb0: 6172 650a 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c are.automaticall\n+00005bc0: 7920 7768 656e 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 y when needed. \n+00005bd0: 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 E.g... # gru\n+00005be0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 b-install /dev/s\n+00005bf0: 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 da....File: grub\n+00005c00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n+00005c10: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 stallation, Nex\n+00005c20: 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 t: Booting, Pre\n+00005c30: 763a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e v: OS-specific n\n+00005c40: 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 otes about grub \n+00005c50: 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a tools, Up: Top.\n+00005c60: 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a .4 Installation.\n+00005c70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00005c80: 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 In order to inst\n+00005c90: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 all GRUB as your\n+00005ca0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f boot loader, yo\n+00005cb0: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 u need to first \n+00005cc0: 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 install.the GRUB\n+00005cd0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c system and util\n+00005ce0: 6974 6965 7320 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 ities under your\n+00005cf0: 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 UNIX-like opera\n+00005d00: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f ting system.(*no\n+00005d10: 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 te Obtaining and\n+00005d20: 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a Building GRUB::\n+00005d30: 292e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 ). You can do t\n+00005d40: 6869 7320 6569 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 his either from \n+00005d50: 7468 650a 736f 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 the.source tarba\n+00005d60: 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b ll, or as a pack\n+00005d70: 6167 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e age for your OS.\n+00005d80: 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 .. After you h\n+00005d90: 6176 6520 646f 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 ave done that, y\n+00005da0: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 ou need to insta\n+00005db0: 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 ll the boot load\n+00005dc0: 6572 206f 6e20 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 er on a.drive (f\n+00005dd0: 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 loppy or hard di\n+00005de0: 736b 2920 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 sk) by using the\n+00005df0: 2075 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 6772 7562 utility ...grub\n+00005e00: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f -install... (*no\n+00005e10: 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te.Invoking grub\n+00005e20: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 -install::) on a\n+00005e30: 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a UNIX-like OS...\n+00005e40: 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 7320 7769 GRUB comes wi\n+00005e50: 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6573 2c20 th boot images, \n+00005e60: 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f 726d 616c which are normal\n+00005e70: 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6469 ly put in the di\n+00005e80: 7265 6374 6f72 790a e280 982f 7573 722f rectory..../usr/\n+00005e90: 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c lib/grub/-<\n+00005ea0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 3ee2 8099 2028 666f platform>... (fo\n+00005eb0: 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 206d 6163 r BIOS-based mac\n+00005ec0: 6869 6e65 730a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 hines..../usr/li\n+00005ed0: 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 e280 b/grub/i386-pc..\n+00005ee0: 9929 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 .). Hereafter, \n+00005ef0: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 the directory wh\n+00005f00: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a ere GRUB images.\n+00005f10: 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c are initially pl\n+00005f20: 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 aced (normally .\n+00005f30: 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f ../usr/lib/grub/\n+00005f40: 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e -\n+00005f50: e280 9929 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c ...) will be.cal\n+00005f60: 6c65 6420 7468 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 6765 led the ...image\n+00005f70: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 directory..., a\n+00005f80: 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 nd the directory\n+00005f90: 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 where the boot \n+00005fa0: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 loader.needs to \n+00005fb0: 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 7375 616c find them (usual\n+00005fc0: 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 ly .../boot...) \n+00005fd0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 will be called t\n+00005fe0: 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 he ...boot.direc\n+00005ff0: 746f 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 tory......* Menu\n+00006000: 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 :..* Installing \n+00006010: 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d GRUB using grub-\n+00006020: 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 install::.* Maki\n+00006030: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n+00006040: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 le CD-ROM::.* De\n+00006050: 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f vice map::.* BIO\n+00006060: 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a S installation::\n+00006070: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00006080: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 nfo, Node: Inst\n+00006090: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e alling GRUB usin\n+000060a0: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 g grub-install, \n+000060b0: 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 Next: Making a \n+000060c0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n+000060d0: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 -ROM, Up: Insta\n+000060e0: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 llation..4.1 Ins\n+000060f0: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 talling GRUB usi\n+00006100: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a ng grub-install.\n 00006110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00006120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006130: 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 ==..For informat\n-00006140: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 ion on where GRU\n-00006150: 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e 7374 B should be inst\n-00006160: 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 alled on PC BIOS\n-00006170: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 platforms,.*not\n-00006180: 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 e BIOS installat\n-00006190: 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 ion::... In or\n-000061a0: 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 der to install G\n-000061b0: 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e 4958 RUB under a UNIX\n-000061c0: 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 2061 -like OS (such a\n-000061d0: 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 s GNU), invoke.t\n-000061e0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 he program ...gr\n-000061f0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a ub-install... (*\n-00006200: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note Invoking gr\n-00006210: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 ub-install::) as\n-00006220: 2074 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 the.superuser (\n-00006230: e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 ...root...)... \n-00006240: 2054 6865 2075 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 The usage is ba\n-00006250: 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d sically very sim\n-00006260: 706c 652e 2020 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e ple. You only n\n-00006270: 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f eed to specify o\n-00006280: 6e65 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 ne.argument to t\n-00006290: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 he program, name\n-000062a0: 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 ly, where to ins\n-000062b0: 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f tall the boot lo\n-000062c0: 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d ader. The.argum\n-000062d0: 656e 7420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 ent has to be ei\n-000062e0: 7468 6572 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 ther a device fi\n-000062f0: 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 le (like .../dev\n-00006300: 2f68 6461 e280 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 /hda...). For e\n-00006310: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 4c69 xample,.under Li\n-00006320: 6e75 7820 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e nux the followin\n-00006330: 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 g will install G\n-00006340: 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 RUB into the MBR\n-00006350: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 4944 of the first.ID\n-00006360: 4520 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 E disk:.. # \n-00006370: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 grub-install /de\n-00006380: 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 v/sda.. Likewi\n-00006390: 7365 2c20 756e 6465 7220 474e 552f 4875 se, under GNU/Hu\n-000063a0: 7264 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6173 2074 6865 rd, this has the\n-000063b0: 2073 616d 6520 6566 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 same effect:.. \n-000063c0: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n-000063d0: 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 6864 300a 0a20 2020 ll /dev/hd0.. \n-000063e0: 4275 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 But all the abov\n-000063f0: 6520 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 7373 756d e examples assum\n-00006400: 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 e that GRUB shou\n-00006410: 6c64 2070 7574 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e ld put images un\n-00006420: 6465 720a 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 der.the .../boot\n-00006430: e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 ... directory. \n-00006440: 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 5542 If you want GRUB\n-00006450: 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 2075 to put images u\n-00006460: 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 nder a directory\n-00006470: 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 982f .other than .../\n-00006480: 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 boot..., you nee\n-00006490: 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 d to specify the\n-000064a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 6f6f option ...--boo\n-000064b0: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a t-directory.....\n-000064c0: 5468 6520 7479 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 The typical usag\n-000064d0: 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 e is that you cr\n-000064e0: 6561 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 eate a GRUB boot\n-000064f0: 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 floppy with a.f\n-00006500: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 ilesystem. Here\n-00006510: 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a is an example:.\n-00006520: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f . # mke2fs /\n-00006530: 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d dev/fd0. # m\n-00006540: 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 ount -t ext2 /de\n-00006550: 762f 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 v/fd0 /mnt. \n-00006560: 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f # mkdir /mnt/boo\n-00006570: 740a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e t. # grub-in\n-00006580: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 stall --boot-dir\n-00006590: 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 ectory=/mnt/boot\n-000065a0: 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 /dev/fd0. #\n-000065b0: 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 umount /mnt.. \n-000065c0: 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 Some BIOSes hav\n-000065d0: 6520 6120 6275 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 e a bug of expos\n-000065e0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 ing the first pa\n-000065f0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 rtition of a USB\n-00006600: 2064 7269 7665 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 drive.as a flop\n-00006610: 7079 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 py instead of ex\n-00006620: 706f 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 posing the USB d\n-00006630: 7269 7665 2061 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 rive as a hard d\n-00006640: 6973 6b20 2874 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 isk (they call.i\n-00006650: 7420 2255 5342 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 t \"USB-FDD\" boot\n-00006660: 292e 2020 496e 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 ). In such case\n-00006670: 732c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 s, you need to i\n-00006680: 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 nstall like this\n-00006690: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 :.. # losetu\n-000066a0: 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 p /dev/loop0 /de\n-000066b0: 762f 7364 6231 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f v/sdb1. # mo\n-000066c0: 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f unt /dev/loop0 /\n-000066d0: 6d6e 742f 7573 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 mnt/usb. # g\n-000066e0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f rub-install --bo\n-000066f0: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e ot-directory=/mn\n-00006700: 742f 7573 622f 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d t/usb/bugbios --\n-00006710: 666f 7263 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c force --allow-fl\n-00006720: 6f70 7079 202f 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a oppy /dev/loop0.\n-00006730: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c . This install\n-00006740: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 doesn't conflic\n-00006750: 7420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 t with standard \n-00006760: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 install as long \n-00006770: 6173 2074 6865 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 as they.are in s\n-00006780: 6570 6172 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 eparate director\n-00006790: 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 ies... On EFI \n-000067a0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 systems for fixe\n-000067b0: 6420 6469 736b 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 d disk install y\n-000067c0: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 ou have to mount\n-000067d0: 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 EFI System.Part\n-000067e0: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d ition. If you m\n-000067f0: 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 ount it at .../b\n-00006800: 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 oot/efi... then \n-00006810: 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 2061 you don't need a\n-00006820: 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2061 7267 756d ny.special argum\n-00006830: 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 ents:.. # gr\n-00006840: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f ub-install.. O\n-00006850: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2079 6f75 206e 6565 therwise you nee\n-00006860: 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2077 6865 d to specify whe\n-00006870: 7265 2079 6f75 7220 4546 4920 5379 7374 re your EFI Syst\n-00006880: 656d 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 730a em partition is.\n-00006890: 6d6f 756e 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 mounted:.. #\n-000068a0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n-000068b0: 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d efi-directory=/m\n-000068c0: 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2072 nt/efi.. For r\n-000068d0: 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c emovable install\n-000068e0: 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 6f20 7573 s you have to us\n-000068f0: 6520 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e ...--removable\n-00006900: e280 9920 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 7920 ... and specify \n-00006910: 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 both....--boot-d\n-00006920: 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9920 616e 6420 irectory... and \n-00006930: e280 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f ...--efi-directo\n-00006940: 7279 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 ry...:.. # g\n-00006950: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 rub-install --ef\n-00006960: 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 i-directory=/mnt\n-00006970: 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 /usb --boot-dire\n-00006980: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 ctory=/mnt/usb/b\n-00006990: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a oot --removable.\n-000069a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000069b0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e fo, Node: Makin\n-000069c0: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n-000069d0: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a e CD-ROM, Next:\n-000069e0: 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 Device map, Pr\n-000069f0: 6576 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 ev: Installing G\n-00006a00: 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 RUB using grub-i\n-00006a10: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 nstall, Up: Ins\n-00006a20: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d tallation..4.2 M\n-00006a30: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n-00006a40: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d table CD-ROM.===\n-00006a50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00006a70: 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 GRUB supports th\n-00006a80: 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c 6174 696f e ...no emulatio\n-00006a90: 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 696e 2074 6865 n mode... in the\n-00006aa0: 2045 6c20 546f 7269 746f 2073 7065 6369 El Torito speci\n-00006ab0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 290a 282a 6e6f fication(1).(*no\n-00006ac0: 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 te Making a GRUB\n-00006ad0: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n-00006ae0: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 -Footnote-1::). \n-00006af0: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 This means that\n-00006b00: 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 you.can use the\n-00006b10: 2077 686f 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6672 whole CD-ROM fr\n-00006b20: 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 796f 7520 om GRUB and you \n-00006b30: 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 don't have to ma\n-00006b40: 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 2068 ke a floppy.or h\n-00006b50: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2069 6d61 6765 2066 ard disk image f\n-00006b60: 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2063 ile, which can c\n-00006b70: 6175 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 ause compatibili\n-00006b80: 7479 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 ty problems... \n-00006b90: 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f For booting fro\n-00006ba0: 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 m a CD-ROM, GRUB\n-00006bb0: 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 uses a special \n-00006bc0: 696d 6167 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 image called....\n-00006bd0: 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2077 cdboot.img..., w\n-00006be0: 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e hich is concaten\n-00006bf0: 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 9863 6f72 ated with ...cor\n-00006c00: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 e.img.... The .\n-00006c10: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 7573 ..core.img....us\n-00006c20: 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 ed for this shou\n-00006c30: 6c64 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 ld be built with\n-00006c40: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 e280 at least the ..\n-00006c50: 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 616e 6420 .iso9660... and \n-00006c60: e280 9862 696f 7364 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d ...biosdisk....m\n-00006c70: 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 626f odules. Your bo\n-00006c80: 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 7769 otable CD-ROM wi\n-00006c90: 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 ll usually also \n-00006ca0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 need to include \n-00006cb0: 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a.configuration \n-00006cc0: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 file ...grub.cfg\n-00006cd0: e280 9920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 ... and some oth\n-00006ce0: 6572 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e er GRUB modules.\n-00006cf0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 .. To make a s\n-00006d00: 696d 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 imple generic GR\n-00006d10: 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f UB rescue CD, yo\n-00006d20: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a e280 u can use the...\n-00006d30: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 .grub-mkrescue..\n-00006d40: 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 . program (*note\n-00006d50: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00006d60: 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 krescue::):.. \n-00006d70: 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 $ grub-mkrescu\n-00006d80: 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 e -o grub.iso.. \n-00006d90: 2020 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e You will often\n-00006da0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 need to include\n-00006db0: 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 other files in \n-00006dc0: 796f 7572 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 your image. To \n-00006dd0: 646f 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d do.this, first m\n-00006de0: 616b 6520 6120 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 ake a top direct\n-00006df0: 6f72 7920 666f 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 ory for the boot\n-00006e00: 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c able image, say,\n-00006e10: 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 ...iso...:.. \n-00006e20: 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 $ mkdir iso.. \n-00006e30: 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f Make a directo\n-00006e40: 7279 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 ry for GRUB:.. \n-00006e50: 2020 2024 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6973 $ mkdir -p is\n-00006e60: 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 o/boot/grub.. \n-00006e70: 4966 2064 6573 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 If desired, make\n-00006e80: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 the config file\n-00006e90: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 ...grub.cfg... \n-00006ea0: 756e 6465 7220 e280 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f under ...iso/boo\n-00006eb0: 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 t/grub....(*note\n-00006ec0: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a Configuration::\n-00006ed0: 292c 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 ), and copy any \n-00006ee0: 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 files and direct\n-00006ef0: 6f72 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 ories for the di\n-00006f00: 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 sc.to the direct\n-00006f10: 6f72 7920 e280 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a ory ...iso/.....\n-00006f20: 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b . Finally, mak\n-00006f30: 6520 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 e the image:.. \n-00006f40: 2020 2024 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 $ grub-mkresc\n-00006f50: 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 ue -o grub.iso i\n-00006f60: 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 so.. This prod\n-00006f70: 7563 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 uces a file name\n-00006f80: 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 d ...grub.iso...\n-00006f90: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7468 656e 2063 616e , which then can\n-00006fa0: 2062 6520 6275 726e 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a be burned into.\n-00006fb0: 6120 4344 2028 6f72 2061 2044 5644 292c a CD (or a DVD),\n-00006fc0: 206f 7220 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 or written to a\n-00006fd0: 2055 5342 206d 6173 7320 7374 6f72 6167 USB mass storag\n-00006fe0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 e device... Th\n-00006ff0: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 e root device wi\n-00007000: 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 7570 2061 7070 ll be set up app\n-00007010: 726f 7072 6961 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 656e ropriately on en\n-00007020: 7465 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 720a e280 9867 tering your....g\n-00007030: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 rub.cfg... confi\n-00007040: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2073 guration file, s\n-00007050: 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 7220 o you can refer \n-00007060: 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e to file names on\n-00007070: 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 the CD.without \n-00007080: 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 2061 needing to use a\n-00007090: 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 n explicit devic\n-000070a0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 e name. This ma\n-000070b0: 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f kes it easier to\n-000070c0: 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 6520 .produce rescue \n-000070d0: 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c images that will\n-000070e0: 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 work on both op\n-000070f0: 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 tical drives and\n-00007100: 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 6167 USB mass.storag\n-00007110: 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e devices.....Fi\n-00007120: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00007130: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 Node: Making a G\n-00007140: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n-00007150: 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 ROM-Footnotes, \n-00007160: 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 Up: Making a GRU\n-00007170: 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f B bootable CD-RO\n-00007180: 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 6f72 M.. (1) El Tor\n-00007190: 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 ito is a specifi\n-000071a0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 cation for boota\n-000071b0: 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f ble CD using BIO\n-000071c0: 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a S.functions.....\n-000071d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000071e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 206d Node: Device m\n-000071f0: 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f 5320 ap, Next: BIOS \n-00007200: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 installation, P\n-00007210: 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 rev: Making a GR\n-00007220: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n-00007230: 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c OM, Up: Install\n-00007240: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 206d ation..4.3 The m\n-00007250: 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 ap between BIOS \n-00007260: 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 drives and OS de\n-00007270: 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d vices.==========\n+00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f ======..For info\n+00006140: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 rmation on where\n+00006150: 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 GRUB should be \n+00006160: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 installed on PC \n+00006170: 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a BIOS platforms,.\n+00006180: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 *note BIOS insta\n+00006190: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 llation::... I\n+000061a0: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 n order to insta\n+000061b0: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 ll GRUB under a \n+000061c0: 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 UNIX-like OS (su\n+000061d0: 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f ch as GNU), invo\n+000061e0: 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 ke.the program .\n+000061f0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n+00006200: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n+00006210: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g grub-install::\n+00006220: 2920 6173 2074 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 ) as the.superus\n+00006230: 6572 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e er (...root...).\n+00006240: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 6765 2069 .. The usage i\n+00006250: 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 s basically very\n+00006260: 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f 7520 6f6e simple. You on\n+00006270: 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 ly need to speci\n+00006280: 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 fy one.argument \n+00006290: 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 to the program, \n+000062a0: 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 6520 746f namely, where to\n+000062b0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f install the boo\n+000062c0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 t loader. The.a\n+000062d0: 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 746f 2062 rgument has to b\n+000062e0: 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 6576 6963 e either a devic\n+000062f0: 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 e file (like ...\n+00006300: 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 e280 9929 2e20 2046 /dev/hda...). F\n+00006310: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 or example,.unde\n+00006320: 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 666f 6c6c r Linux the foll\n+00006330: 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 owing will insta\n+00006340: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 ll GRUB into the\n+00006350: 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 MBR of the firs\n+00006360: 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 t.IDE disk:.. \n+00006370: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+00006380: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 /dev/sda.. Li\n+00006390: 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 7220 474e kewise, under GN\n+000063a0: 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6173 U/Hurd, this has\n+000063b0: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 6665 6374 the same effect\n+000063c0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 :.. # grub-i\n+000063d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 6864 300a nstall /dev/hd0.\n+000063e0: 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 . But all the \n+000063f0: 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 above examples a\n+00006400: 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 ssume that GRUB \n+00006410: 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 6d61 6765 should put image\n+00006420: 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 e280 982f s under.the .../\n+00006430: 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 boot... director\n+00006440: 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 y. If you want \n+00006450: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 GRUB to put imag\n+00006460: 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 es under a direc\n+00006470: 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 tory.other than \n+00006480: e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2079 6f75 .../boot..., you\n+00006490: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 need to specify\n+000064a0: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d the option ...-\n+000064b0: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 -boot-directory.\n+000064c0: 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 6361 6c20 ....The typical \n+000064d0: 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 796f usage is that yo\n+000064e0: 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 u create a GRUB \n+000064f0: 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 7468 boot floppy with\n+00006500: 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 a.filesystem. \n+00006510: 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 Here is an examp\n+00006520: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 le:.. # mke2\n+00006530: 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 fs /dev/fd0. \n+00006540: 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 6578 7432 # mount -t ext2\n+00006550: 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 /dev/fd0 /mnt. \n+00006560: 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 # mkdir /mnt\n+00006570: 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 /boot. # gru\n+00006580: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 b-install --boot\n+00006590: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f -directory=/mnt/\n+000065a0: 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 boot /dev/fd0. \n+000065b0: 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 # umount /mnt\n+000065c0: 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 6573 .. Some BIOSes\n+000065d0: 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 6f66 2065 have a bug of e\n+000065e0: 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 xposing the firs\n+000065f0: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 t partition of a\n+00006600: 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 7320 6120 USB drive.as a \n+00006610: 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f floppy instead o\n+00006620: 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2055 f exposing the U\n+00006630: 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 6120 6861 SB drive as a ha\n+00006640: 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 7920 6361 rd disk (they ca\n+00006650: 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 4444 2220 ll.it \"USB-FDD\" \n+00006660: 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 7563 6820 boot). In such \n+00006670: 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 cases, you need \n+00006680: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 to install like \n+00006690: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6c6f this:.. # lo\n+000066a0: 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 setup /dev/loop0\n+000066b0: 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 2020 2020 /dev/sdb1. \n+000066c0: 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f # mount /dev/loo\n+000066d0: 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a 2020 2020 p0 /mnt/usb. \n+000066e0: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n+000066f0: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n+00006700: 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 6762 696f =/mnt/usb/bugbio\n+00006710: 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f s --force --allo\n+00006720: 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 762f 6c6f w-floppy /dev/lo\n+00006730: 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e73 op0.. This ins\n+00006740: 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2063 6f6e tall doesn't con\n+00006750: 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 flict with stand\n+00006760: 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6173 206c ard install as l\n+00006770: 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a 6172 6520 ong as they.are \n+00006780: 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6469 7265 in separate dire\n+00006790: 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 ctories... On \n+000067a0: 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 EFI systems for \n+000067b0: 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 6e73 7461 fixed disk insta\n+000067c0: 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 206d ll you have to m\n+000067d0: 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d0a ount EFI System.\n+000067e0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 Partition. If y\n+000067f0: 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 6174 20e2 ou mount it at .\n+00006800: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 8099 2074 ../boot/efi... t\n+00006810: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 hen you don't ne\n+00006820: 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2061 ed any.special a\n+00006830: 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 rguments:.. \n+00006840: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a # grub-install..\n+00006850: 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2079 6f75 Otherwise you\n+00006860: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 need to specify\n+00006870: 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 4546 4920 where your EFI \n+00006880: 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e System partition\n+00006890: 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 is.mounted:.. \n+000068a0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n+000068b0: 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 l --efi-director\n+000068c0: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 y=/mnt/efi.. F\n+000068d0: 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 or removable ins\n+000068e0: 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 talls you have t\n+000068f0: 6f20 7573 6520 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 o use ...--remov\n+00006900: 6162 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 7370 6563 able... and spec\n+00006910: 6966 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f ify both....--bo\n+00006920: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9920 ot-directory... \n+00006930: 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 and ...--efi-dir\n+00006940: 6563 746f 7279 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 ectory...:.. \n+00006950: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n+00006960: 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d --efi-directory=\n+00006970: 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d /mnt/usb --boot-\n+00006980: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 directory=/mnt/u\n+00006990: 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 sb/boot --remova\n+000069a0: 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ble....File: gru\n+000069b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d b.info, Node: M\n+000069c0: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n+000069d0: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e table CD-ROM, N\n+000069e0: 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c ext: Device map,\n+000069f0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 Prev: Installi\n+00006a00: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 ng GRUB using gr\n+00006a10: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a ub-install, Up:\n+00006a20: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 Installation..4\n+00006a30: 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 .2 Making a GRUB\n+00006a40: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n+00006a50: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00006a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00006a70: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 ==..GRUB support\n+00006a80: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c s the ...no emul\n+00006a90: 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 696e ation mode... in\n+00006aa0: 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 746f 2073 the El Torito s\n+00006ab0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 290a pecification(1).\n+00006ac0: 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 (*note Making a \n+00006ad0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n+00006ae0: 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a -ROM-Footnote-1:\n+00006af0: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 :). This means \n+00006b00: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 7365 that you.can use\n+00006b10: 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 442d 524f the whole CD-RO\n+00006b20: 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 M from GRUB and \n+00006b30: 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2074 you don't have t\n+00006b40: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 790a o make a floppy.\n+00006b50: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2069 6d61 or hard disk ima\n+00006b60: 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2063 ge file, which c\n+00006b70: 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 an cause compati\n+00006b80: 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e bility problems.\n+00006b90: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 .. For booting\n+00006ba0: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 from a CD-ROM, \n+00006bb0: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 GRUB uses a spec\n+00006bc0: 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 ial image called\n+00006bd0: 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ....cdboot.img..\n+00006be0: 992c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 ., which is conc\n+00006bf0: 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 atenated with ..\n+00006c00: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 .core.img.... T\n+00006c10: 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 he ...core.img..\n+00006c20: 990a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 ..used for this \n+00006c30: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 should be built \n+00006c40: 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 with at least th\n+00006c50: 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 e ...iso9660... \n+00006c60: 616e 6420 e280 9862 696f 7364 6973 6be2 and ...biosdisk.\n+00006c70: 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 ...modules. You\n+00006c80: 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f r bootable CD-RO\n+00006c90: 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 M will usually a\n+00006ca0: 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c lso need to incl\n+00006cb0: 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ude a.configurat\n+00006cc0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ion file ...grub\n+00006cd0: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 .cfg... and some\n+00006ce0: 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 other GRUB modu\n+00006cf0: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 les... To make\n+00006d00: 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 a simple generi\n+00006d10: 6320 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 c GRUB rescue CD\n+00006d20: 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 , you can use th\n+00006d30: 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 e....grub-mkresc\n+00006d40: 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 282a ue... program (*\n+00006d50: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note Invoking gr\n+00006d60: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a ub-mkrescue::):.\n+00006d70: 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 . $ grub-mkr\n+00006d80: 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 escue -o grub.is\n+00006d90: 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206f o.. You will o\n+00006da0: 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e63 ften need to inc\n+00006db0: 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6573 lude other files\n+00006dc0: 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 in your image. \n+00006dd0: 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6972 To do.this, fir\n+00006de0: 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f 7020 6469 st make a top di\n+00006df0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 7468 6520 rectory for the \n+00006e00: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 bootable image, \n+00006e10: 7361 792c 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a say, ...iso...:.\n+00006e20: 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 . $ mkdir is\n+00006e30: 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6972 o.. Make a dir\n+00006e40: 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423a ectory for GRUB:\n+00006e50: 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 6972 202d .. $ mkdir -\n+00006e60: 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a p iso/boot/grub.\n+00006e70: 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 6564 2c20 . If desired, \n+00006e80: 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 make the config \n+00006e90: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 file ...grub.cfg\n+00006ea0: e280 9920 756e 6465 7220 e280 9869 736f ... under ...iso\n+00006eb0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a 282a /boot/grub....(*\n+00006ec0: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 note Configurati\n+00006ed0: 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 on::), and copy \n+00006ee0: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 any files and di\n+00006ef0: 7265 6374 6f72 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 rectories for th\n+00006f00: 6520 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 e disc.to the di\n+00006f10: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9869 736f 2fe2 rectory ...iso/.\n+00006f20: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c ..... Finally,\n+00006f30: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a make the image:\n+00006f40: 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 622d 6d6b .. $ grub-mk\n+00006f50: 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 rescue -o grub.i\n+00006f60: 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 so iso.. This \n+00006f70: 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 produces a file \n+00006f80: 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e 6973 named ...grub.is\n+00006f90: 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7468 656e o..., which then\n+00006fa0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e 6564 2069 can be burned i\n+00006fb0: 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 2061 2044 nto.a CD (or a D\n+00006fc0: 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 7465 6e20 VD), or written \n+00006fd0: 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 7320 7374 to a USB mass st\n+00006fe0: 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 orage device... \n+00006ff0: 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 The root devic\n+00007000: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 7570 e will be set up\n+00007010: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 6c79 206f appropriately o\n+00007020: 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 720a n entering your.\n+00007030: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2063 ...grub.cfg... c\n+00007040: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00007050: 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 e, so you can re\n+00007060: 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 fer to file name\n+00007070: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 s on the CD.with\n+00007080: 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 out needing to u\n+00007090: 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 se an explicit d\n+000070a0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 evice name. Thi\n+000070b0: 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 s makes it easie\n+000070c0: 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 r to.produce res\n+000070d0: 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 cue images that \n+000070e0: 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 will work on bot\n+000070f0: 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 h optical drives\n+00007100: 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 and USB mass.st\n+00007110: 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a orage devices...\n+00007120: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00007130: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 o, Node: Making\n+00007140: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n+00007150: 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 CD-ROM-Footnote\n+00007160: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 s, Up: Making a\n+00007170: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n+00007180: 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c D-ROM.. (1) El\n+00007190: 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 Torito is a spe\n+000071a0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 cification for b\n+000071b0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 ootable CD using\n+000071c0: 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e BIOS.functions.\n+000071d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000071e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 nfo, Node: Devi\n+000071f0: 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 ce map, Next: B\n+00007200: 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e IOS installation\n+00007210: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 , Prev: Making \n+00007220: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+00007230: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 CD-ROM, Up: Ins\n+00007240: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 tallation..4.3 T\n+00007250: 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 he map between B\n+00007260: 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f IOS drives and O\n+00007270: 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d S devices.======\n 00007280: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00007290: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2064 6576 ====..If the dev\n-000072b0: 6963 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 2065 7869 ice map file exi\n-000072c0: 7374 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 sts, the GRUB ut\n-000072d0: 696c 6974 6965 7320 28e2 8098 6772 7562 ilities (...grub\n-000072e0: 2d70 726f 6265 e280 992c 2065 7463 2e29 -probe..., etc.)\n-000072f0: 0a72 6561 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 .read it to map \n-00007300: 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f BIOS drives to O\n-00007310: 5320 6465 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 S devices. This\n-00007320: 2066 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f file consists o\n-00007330: 6620 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 f lines.like thi\n-00007340: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 s:.. (DEVICE\n-00007350: 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 ) FILE.. DEVIC\n-00007360: 4520 6973 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 E is a drive spe\n-00007370: 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 cified in the GR\n-00007380: 5542 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 UB syntax (*note\n-00007390: 2044 6576 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a Device.syntax::\n-000073a0: 292c 2061 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 ), and FILE is a\n-000073b0: 6e20 4f53 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 n OS file, which\n-000073c0: 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 is normally a d\n-000073d0: 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 evice file... \n-000073e0: 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 Historically, th\n-000073f0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c e device map fil\n-00007400: 6520 7761 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 e was used becau\n-00007410: 7365 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e se GRUB device n\n-00007420: 616d 6573 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 ames.had to be u\n-00007430: 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 sed in the confi\n-00007440: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 guration file, a\n-00007450: 6e64 2074 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 nd they were der\n-00007460: 6976 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 ived from.BIOS d\n-00007470: 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 rive numbers. T\n-00007480: 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 he map between B\n-00007490: 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f IOS drives and O\n-000074a0: 5320 6465 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 S devices cannot\n-000074b0: 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 .always be guess\n-000074c0: 6564 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f ed correctly: fo\n-000074d0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 r example, GRUB \n-000074e0: 7769 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 will get the ord\n-000074f0: 6572 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 er wrong.if you \n-00007500: 6578 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f exchange the boo\n-00007510: 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 t sequence betwe\n-00007520: 656e 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 en IDE and SCSI \n-00007530: 696e 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 in your BIOS... \n-00007540: 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c Unfortunately,\n-00007550: 2065 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 even OS device \n-00007560: 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c names are not al\n-00007570: 7761 7973 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f ways stable. Mo\n-00007580: 6465 726e 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 dern.versions of\n-00007590: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 the Linux kerne\n-000075a0: 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 l may probe driv\n-000075b0: 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e es in a differen\n-000075c0: 7420 6f72 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f t order from.boo\n-000075d0: 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 t to boot, and t\n-000075e0: 6865 2070 7265 6669 7820 28e2 8098 2f64 he prefix (.../d\n-000075f0: 6576 2f68 642a e280 9920 7665 7273 7573 ev/hd*... versus\n-00007600: 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 642a e280 9929 .../dev/sd*...)\n-00007610: 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 650a 6465 7065 may change.depe\n-00007620: 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 nding on the dri\n-00007630: 7665 7220 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e ver subsystem in\n-00007640: 2075 7365 2e20 2041 7320 6120 7265 7375 use. As a resu\n-00007650: 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d lt, the device m\n-00007660: 6170 0a66 696c 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 ap.file required\n-00007670: 2066 7265 7175 656e 7420 6564 6974 696e frequent editin\n-00007680: 6720 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d g on some system\n-00007690: 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6176 6f69 s... GRUB avoi\n-000076a0: 6473 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 ds this problem \n-000076b0: 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2062 7920 7573 696e nowadays by usin\n-000076c0: 6720 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 g UUIDs or file \n-000076d0: 7379 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 656c 7320 7768 system.labels wh\n-000076e0: 656e 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 e280 en generating ..\n-000076f0: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 616e .grub.cfg..., an\n-00007700: 6420 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 7468 6174 d we advise that\n-00007710: 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 you do the same\n-00007720: 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 746f 6d20 .for any custom \n-00007730: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 6f75 menu entries you\n-00007740: 2077 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 write. If the \n-00007750: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 device map file \n-00007760: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 2c20 does not.exist, \n-00007770: 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 then the GRUB ut\n-00007780: 696c 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7373 ilities will ass\n-00007790: 756d 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 7920 ume a temporary \n-000077a0: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f 6e20 7468 device map on th\n-000077b0: 650a 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 e.fly. This is \n-000077c0: 6f66 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f 7567 often good enoug\n-000077d0: 682c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 h, particularly \n-000077e0: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 6361 in the common ca\n-000077f0: 7365 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 6973 se of.single-dis\n-00007800: 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 k systems... H\n-00007810: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 owever, the devi\n-00007820: 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 6973 206e ce map file is n\n-00007830: 6f74 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 6f62 736f ot entirely obso\n-00007840: 6c65 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e 6420 6974 lete yet, and it\n-00007850: 2069 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 is.used for ove\n-00007860: 7272 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e 2063 7572 rriding when cur\n-00007870: 7265 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 rent environment\n-00007880: 2069 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 is different fr\n-00007890: 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 626f om the one.on bo\n-000078a0: 6f74 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e ot. Most common\n-000078b0: 2063 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 796f 7520 case is if you \n-000078c0: 7573 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 use a partition \n-000078d0: 6f72 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d or logical volum\n-000078e0: 650a 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 666f 7220 e.as a disk for \n-000078f0: 7669 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 652e virtual machine.\n-00007900: 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 7420 616e You can put an\n-00007910: 7920 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 y comments in th\n-00007920: 6520 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 6564 e file if.needed\n-00007930: 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 , as the GRUB ut\n-00007940: 696c 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 2074 ilities assume t\n-00007950: 6861 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 hat a line is ju\n-00007960: 7374 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 660a st a comment if.\n-00007970: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 6163 the first charac\n-00007980: 7465 7220 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2e0a ter is ...#.....\n-00007990: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000079a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 fo, Node: BIOS \n-000079b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 installation, P\n-000079c0: 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c rev: Device map,\n-000079d0: 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 Up: Installati\n-000079e0: 6f6e 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 on..4.4 BIOS ins\n-000079f0: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tallation.======\n-00007a00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00007a10: 0a4d 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 .MBR.===..The pa\n-00007a20: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f rtition table fo\n-00007a30: 726d 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c rmat traditional\n-00007a40: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 ly used on PC BI\n-00007a50: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a OS platforms is.\n-00007a60: 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 called the Maste\n-00007a70: 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d r Boot Record (M\n-00007a80: 4252 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 BR) format; this\n-00007a90: 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 is the format t\n-00007aa0: 6861 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f hat.allows up to\n-00007ab0: 2066 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 four primary pa\n-00007ac0: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 rtitions and add\n-00007ad0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 itional logical \n-00007ae0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 partitions..With\n-00007af0: 2074 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 this partition \n-00007b00: 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 table format, th\n-00007b10: 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 ere are two ways\n-00007b20: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to install GRUB\n-00007b30: 3a20 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 : it.can be embe\n-00007b40: 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 dded in the area\n-00007b50: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 between the MBR\n-00007b60: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 and the first p\n-00007b70: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 artition.(called\n-00007b80: 2062 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 by various name\n-00007b90: 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 s, such as the \"\n-00007ba0: 626f 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 boot track\", \"MB\n-00007bb0: 5220 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 R gap\", or.\"embe\n-00007bc0: 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 dding area\", and\n-00007bd0: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c which is usuall\n-00007be0: 7920 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 y at least 1000 \n-00007bf0: 4b69 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 KiB), or the cor\n-00007c00: 650a 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 e.image can be i\n-00007c10: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 nstalled in a fi\n-00007c20: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 le system and a \n-00007c30: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 list of the bloc\n-00007c40: 6b73 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 ks that.make it \n-00007c50: 7570 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 up can be stored\n-00007c60: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 in the first se\n-00007c70: 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 ctor of that par\n-00007c80: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 tition... Mode\n-00007c90: 726e 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 rn tools usually\n-00007ca0: 206c 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f leave MBR gap o\n-00007cb0: 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 f at least 1023 \n-00007cc0: 4b69 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 KiB. This amount\n-00007cd0: 0a69 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 .is sufficient t\n-00007ce0: 6f20 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e o cover most con\n-00007cf0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 figurations. He\n-00007d00: 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 nce this value i\n-00007d10: 730a 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 s.recommended by\n-00007d20: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a the GRUB team..\n-00007d30: 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 . Historically\n-00007d40: 206d 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 many tools left\n-00007d50: 206f 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 only 31 KiB of \n-00007d60: 7370 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 space. This is \n-00007d70: 6e6f 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 not.enough to pa\n-00007d80: 7273 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 rse reliably dif\n-00007d90: 6669 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 ficult structure\n-00007da0: 7320 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 s like Btrfs, ZF\n-00007db0: 532c 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 S, RAID or.LVM, \n-00007dc0: 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 or to use diffic\n-00007dd0: 756c 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 ult disk access \n-00007de0: 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 methods like ahc\n-00007df0: 692e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 i. Hence GRUB w\n-00007e00: 696c 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 ill.warn if atte\n-00007e10: 6d70 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c mpted to install\n-00007e20: 2069 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 into small MBR \n-00007e30: 6761 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 gap except in a \n-00007e40: 736d 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 small number.of \n-00007e50: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 configurations t\n-00007e60: 6861 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 hat were grandfa\n-00007e70: 7468 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 thered. The gra\n-00007e80: 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 ndfathered confi\n-00007e90: 670a 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 g.must:.. ... \n-00007ea0: 7573 6520 6269 6f73 6469 736b 2061 7320 use biosdisk as \n-00007eb0: 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d6f 6475 disk access modu\n-00007ec0: 6c65 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 le for .../boot.\n-00007ed0: 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206e 6f74 2075 .... ... not u\n-00007ee0: 7365 2061 6e79 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 se any additiona\n-00007ef0: 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7073 l partition maps\n-00007f00: 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 20e2 8098 2f62 to access .../b\n-00007f10: 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 oot..... ... .\n-00007f20: 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 ../boot... must \n-00007f30: 6265 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 2066 6f6c be on one of fol\n-00007f40: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 lowing filesyste\n-00007f50: 6d73 3a20 4146 4653 2c20 4146 532c 2042 ms: AFFS, AFS, B\n-00007f60: 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2063 7069 6f2c 206e FS,. cpio, n\n-00007f70: 6577 632c 206f 6463 2c20 6578 7432 2f33 ewc, odc, ext2/3\n-00007f80: 2f34 2c20 4641 542c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 /4, FAT, exFAT, \n-00007f90: 4632 4653 2c20 4846 532c 2075 6e63 6f6d F2FS, HFS, uncom\n-00007fa0: 7072 6573 7365 640a 2020 2020 2048 4653 pressed. HFS\n-00007fb0: 2b2c 2049 534f 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c +, ISO9660, JFS,\n-00007fc0: 204d 696e 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c20 Minix, Minix2, \n-00007fd0: 4d69 6e69 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 Minix3, NILFS2, \n-00007fe0: 4e54 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c0a NTFS, ReiserFS,.\n-00007ff0: 2020 2020 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5346 532c ROMFS, SFS,\n-00008000: 2074 6172 2c20 5544 462c 2055 4653 312c tar, UDF, UFS1,\n-00008010: 2055 4653 322c 2058 4653 0a0a 2020 204d UFS2, XFS.. M\n-00008020: 4252 2067 6170 2068 6173 2066 6577 2074 BR gap has few t\n-00008030: 6563 686e 6963 616c 2070 726f 626c 656d echnical problem\n-00008040: 732e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 s. There is no \n-00008050: 7761 7920 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2073 way to reserve s\n-00008060: 7061 6365 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 pace.in the embe\n-00008070: 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 2077 6974 6820 dding area with \n-00008080: 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 2073 6166 6574 792c complete safety,\n-00008090: 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 7072 6f70 7269 and some propri\n-000080a0: 6574 6172 790a 736f 6674 7761 7265 2069 etary.software i\n-000080b0: 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 7365 2069 s known to use i\n-000080c0: 7420 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 2064 6966 t to make it dif\n-000080d0: 6669 6375 6c74 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 ficult for users\n-000080e0: 2074 6f20 776f 726b 0a61 726f 756e 6420 to work.around \n-000080f0: 6c69 6365 6e73 696e 6720 7265 7374 7269 licensing restri\n-00008100: 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 2047 5255 4220 776f ctions. GRUB wo\n-00008110: 726b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7420 6279 rks around it by\n-00008120: 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 0a73 6563 746f detecting.secto\n-00008130: 7273 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 rs by other soft\n-00008140: 7761 7265 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 696e ware and avoidin\n-00008150: 6720 7468 656d 2061 6e64 2070 726f 7465 g them and prote\n-00008160: 6374 696e 6720 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 7365 cting its own.se\n-00008170: 6374 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 5265 6564 ctors using Reed\n-00008180: 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 2065 6e63 6f64 696e -Solomon encodin\n-00008190: 672e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d g... GRUB team\n-000081a0: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 6861 7669 recommends havi\n-000081b0: 6e67 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 ng MBR gap of at\n-000081c0: 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 422e least 1000 KiB.\n-000081d0: 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 6974 206e .. Should it n\n-000081e0: 6f74 2062 6520 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 ot be possible, \n-000081f0: 4752 5542 2068 6173 2073 7570 706f 7274 GRUB has support\n-00008200: 2066 6f72 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 for a fallback \n-00008210: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 0a77 6869 6368 2069 solution.which i\n-00008220: 7320 6865 6176 696c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d s heavily recomm\n-00008230: 656e 6465 6420 6167 6169 6e73 742e 2020 ended against. \n-00008240: 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 Installing to a \n-00008250: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6561 6e73 filesystem means\n-00008260: 0a74 6861 7420 4752 5542 2069 7320 7675 .that GRUB is vu\n-00008270: 6c6e 6572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6974 7320 lnerable to its \n-00008280: 626c 6f63 6b73 2062 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 blocks being mov\n-00008290: 6564 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 2066 696c ed around by fil\n-000082a0: 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 6665 6174 7572 6573 esystem.features\n-000082b0: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6169 6c20 7061 such as tail pa\n-000082c0: 636b 696e 672c 206f 7220 6576 656e 2062 cking, or even b\n-000082d0: 7920 6167 6772 6573 7369 7665 2066 7363 y aggressive fsc\n-000082e0: 6b0a 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e k.implementation\n-000082f0: 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f s, so this appro\n-00008300: 6163 6820 6973 2071 7569 7465 2066 7261 ach is quite fra\n-00008310: 6769 6c65 3b20 616e 6420 7468 6973 2061 gile; and this a\n-00008320: 7070 726f 6163 680a 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 pproach.can only\n-00008330: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 be used if the \n-00008340: e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6669 6c65 .../boot... file\n-00008350: 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 system is on the\n-00008360: 2073 616d 6520 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 same disk that \n-00008370: 7468 650a 4249 4f53 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 the.BIOS boots f\n-00008380: 726f 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2047 5255 rom, so that GRU\n-00008390: 4220 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 B does not have \n-000083a0: 746f 2072 656c 7920 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 to rely on guess\n-000083b0: 696e 6720 4249 4f53 0a64 7269 7665 206e ing BIOS.drive n\n-000083c0: 756d 6265 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 umbers... The \n-000083d0: 4752 5542 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 GRUB development\n-000083e0: 2074 6561 6d20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 team generally \n-000083f0: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6473 2065 6d62 6564 recommends embed\n-00008400: 6469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6265 666f 7265 ding GRUB before\n-00008410: 0a74 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 .the first parti\n-00008420: 7469 6f6e 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 tion, unless you\n-00008430: 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7265 have special re\n-00008440: 7175 6972 656d 656e 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 quirements. You\n-00008450: 206d 7573 740a 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 must.ensure tha\n-00008460: 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 t the first part\n-00008470: 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7473 2061 7420 ition starts at \n-00008480: 6c65 6173 7420 3130 3030 204b 6942 2028 least 1000 KiB (\n-00008490: 3230 3030 2073 6563 746f 7273 290a 6672 2000 sectors).fr\n-000084a0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 om the start of \n-000084b0: 7468 6520 6469 736b 3b20 6f6e 206d 6f64 the disk; on mod\n-000084c0: 6572 6e20 6469 736b 732c 2069 7420 6973 ern disks, it is\n-000084d0: 206f 6674 656e 2061 2070 6572 666f 726d often a perform\n-000084e0: 616e 6365 0a61 6476 616e 7461 6765 2074 ance.advantage t\n-000084f0: 6f20 616c 6967 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f o align partitio\n-00008500: 6e73 206f 6e20 6c61 7267 6572 2062 6f75 ns on larger bou\n-00008510: 6e64 6172 6965 7320 616e 7977 6179 2c20 ndaries anyway, \n-00008520: 736f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 so the first.par\n-00008530: 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6967 6874 2073 7461 tition might sta\n-00008540: 7274 2031 204d 6942 2066 726f 6d20 7468 rt 1 MiB from th\n-00008550: 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 e start of the d\n-00008560: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 4750 540a 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 isk...GPT.===..S\n-00008570: 6f6d 6520 6e65 7765 7220 7379 7374 656d ome newer system\n-00008580: 7320 7573 6520 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 s use the GUID P\n-00008590: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 artition Table (\n-000085a0: 4750 5429 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 5468 GPT) format. Th\n-000085b0: 6973 2077 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 is was.specified\n-000085c0: 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 as part of the \n-000085d0: 4578 7465 6e73 6962 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 Extensible Firmw\n-000085e0: 6172 6520 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 2845 are Interface (E\n-000085f0: 4649 292c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e0a FI), but it can.\n-00008600: 616c 736f 2062 6520 7573 6564 206f 6e20 also be used on \n-00008610: 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 BIOS platforms i\n-00008620: 6620 7379 7374 656d 2073 6f66 7477 6172 f system softwar\n-00008630: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2069 743b 2066 e supports it; f\n-00008640: 6f72 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 or.example, GRUB\n-00008650: 2061 6e64 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 and GNU/Linux c\n-00008660: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 an be used in th\n-00008670: 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e is configuration\n-00008680: 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7468 6973 2066 6f72 . With.this for\n-00008690: 6d61 742c 2069 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 mat, it is possi\n-000086a0: 626c 6520 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2061 ble to reserve a\n-000086b0: 2077 686f 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e whole partition\n-000086c0: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 for GRUB,.calle\n-000086d0: 6420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 d the BIOS Boot \n-000086e0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 Partition. GRUB\n-000086f0: 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 can then be emb\n-00008700: 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6861 740a edded into that.\n-00008710: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 partition withou\n-00008720: 7420 7468 6520 7269 736b 206f 6620 6265 t the risk of be\n-00008730: 696e 6720 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e20 ing overwritten \n-00008740: 6279 206f 7468 6572 2073 6f66 7477 6172 by other softwar\n-00008750: 6520 616e 640a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6265 e and.without be\n-00008760: 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e ing contained in\n-00008770: 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7768 a filesystem wh\n-00008780: 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 ich might move i\n-00008790: 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 ts blocks.around\n-000087a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 7265 6174 ... When creat\n-000087b0: 696e 6720 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 ing a BIOS Boot \n-000087c0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 Partition on a G\n-000087d0: 5054 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 PT system, you s\n-000087e0: 686f 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 hould make.sure \n-000087f0: 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 2061 7420 6c65 that it is at le\n-00008800: 6173 7420 3331 204b 6942 2069 6e20 7369 ast 31 KiB in si\n-00008810: 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 542d 666f 726d 6174 ze. (GPT-format\n-00008820: 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e6f ted disks are no\n-00008830: 740a 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 6963 t.usually partic\n-00008840: 756c 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f ularly small, so\n-00008850: 2077 6520 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 we recommend th\n-00008860: 6174 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6974 206c at you make it l\n-00008870: 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e 0a74 6865 2062 arger than.the b\n-00008880: 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 are minimum, suc\n-00008890: 6820 6173 2031 204d 6942 2c20 746f 2061 h as 1 MiB, to a\n-000088a0: 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 llow plenty of r\n-000088b0: 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 oom for growth.)\n-000088c0: 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 7420 616c 736f 206d .You must also m\n-000088d0: 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 6974 ake sure that it\n-000088e0: 2068 6173 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 7220 has the proper \n-000088f0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 partition type. \n-00008900: 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 7465 Using.GNU Parte\n-00008910: 642c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 d, you can set t\n-00008920: 6869 7320 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f 6d6d his using a comm\n-00008930: 616e 6420 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 and such as the \n-00008940: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 following:.. \n-00008950: 2023 2070 6172 7465 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 # parted /dev/D\n-00008960: 4953 4b20 7365 7420 5041 5254 4954 494f ISK set PARTITIO\n-00008970: 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 696f 735f 6772 N-NUMBER bios_gr\n-00008980: 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ub on.. If you\n-00008990: 2061 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2067 6469 736b are using gdisk\n-000089a0: 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 , set the partit\n-000089b0: 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2074 6f20 e280 9830 ion type to ...0\n-000089c0: 7845 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 6974 680a xEF02.... With.\n-000089d0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 726f partitioning pro\n-000089e0: 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 2072 6571 7569 grams that requi\n-000089f0: 7265 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2047 re setting the G\n-00008a00: 5549 4420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 UID directly, it\n-00008a10: 2073 686f 756c 640a 6265 20e2 8098 3231 should.be ...21\n-00008a20: 3638 3631 3438 2d36 3434 392d 3665 3666 686148-6449-6e6f\n-00008a30: 2d37 3434 6536 3536 3536 3434 3534 3634 -744e65656445464\n-00008a40: 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 9...... *Cauti\n-00008a50: 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 7279 2063 6172 on:* Be very car\n-00008a60: 6566 756c 2077 6869 6368 2070 6172 7469 eful which parti\n-00008a70: 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 656c 6563 7421 tion you select!\n-00008a80: 2020 5768 656e 2047 5255 420a 6669 6e64 When GRUB.find\n-00008a90: 7320 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 s a BIOS Boot Pa\n-00008aa0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2069 rtition during i\n-00008ab0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 nstallation, it \n-00008ac0: 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c will automatical\n-00008ad0: 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2070 6172 ly.overwrite par\n-00008ae0: 7420 6f66 2069 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 t of it. Make s\n-00008af0: 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 2070 6172 ure that the par\n-00008b00: 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 tition does not \n-00008b10: 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 6865 contain any.othe\n-00008b20: 7220 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a r data.....File:\n-00008b30: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00008b40: 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 e: Booting, Nex\n-00008b50: 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e t: Configuration\n-00008b60: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c , Prev: Install\n-00008b70: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a ation, Up: Top.\n-00008b80: 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a .5 Booting.*****\n-00008b90: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 206c ****..GRUB can l\n-00008ba0: 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f oad Multiboot-co\n-00008bb0: 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 mpliant kernels \n-00008bc0: 696e 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 7420 in a consistent \n-00008bd0: 7761 792c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d way, but for.som\n-00008be0: 6520 6672 6565 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 e free operating\n-00008bf0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 206e 6565 systems you nee\n-00008c00: 6420 746f 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 d to use some OS\n-00008c10: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d61 6769 632e -specific magic.\n-00008c20: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e ..* Menu:..* Gen\n-00008c30: 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 eral boot method\n-00008c40: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 s:: How t\n-00008c50: 6f20 626f 6f74 204f 5365 7320 7769 7468 o boot OSes with\n-00008c60: 2047 5255 4220 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a GRUB generally.\n-00008c70: 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 * Loopback booti\n-00008c80: 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng:: \n-00008c90: 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Notes on booting\n-00008ca0: 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 730a from loopbacks.\n-00008cb0: 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 * LVM cache boot\n-00008cc0: 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing:: \n-00008cd0: 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Notes on booting\n-00008ce0: 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 from LVM cache \n-00008cf0: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a logical volume.*\n-00008d00: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n-00008d10: 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e es:: N\n-00008d20: 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206f 7065 otes on some ope\n-00008d30: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a rating systems..\n-00008d40: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00008d50: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 o, Node: Genera\n-00008d60: 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 l boot methods, \n-00008d70: 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 Next: Loopback \n-00008d80: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f booting, Up: Bo\n-00008d90: 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 oting..5.1 How t\n-00008da0: 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 o boot operating\n-00008db0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d systems.=======\n+000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 ========..If the\n+000072b0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 device map file\n+000072c0: 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 exists, the GRU\n+000072d0: 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 28e2 8098 B utilities (...\n+000072e0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 992c 2065 grub-probe..., e\n+000072f0: 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 6974 2074 6f20 tc.).read it to \n+00007300: 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 7320 map BIOS drives \n+00007310: 746f 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 732e 2020 to OS devices. \n+00007320: 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 This file consis\n+00007330: 7473 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 ts of lines.like\n+00007340: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 this:.. (DE\n+00007350: 5649 4345 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 VICE) FILE.. D\n+00007360: 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 2064 7269 7665 EVICE is a drive\n+00007370: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 specified in th\n+00007380: 6520 4752 5542 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a e GRUB syntax (*\n+00007390: 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 650a 7379 6e74 note Device.synt\n+000073a0: 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2046 494c 4520 ax::), and FILE \n+000073b0: 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 696c 652c 2077 is an OS file, w\n+000073c0: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 hich is normally\n+000073d0: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a a device file..\n+000073e0: 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 . Historically\n+000073f0: 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 , the device map\n+00007400: 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 7573 6564 2062 file was used b\n+00007410: 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 ecause GRUB devi\n+00007420: 6365 206e 616d 6573 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 ce names.had to \n+00007430: 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 be used in the c\n+00007440: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00007450: 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 7765 7265 e, and they were\n+00007460: 2064 6572 6976 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 derived from.BI\n+00007470: 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 OS drive numbers\n+00007480: 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 . The map betwe\n+00007490: 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 en BIOS drives a\n+000074a0: 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 7320 6361 nd OS devices ca\n+000074b0: 6e6e 6f74 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 6265 2067 nnot.always be g\n+000074c0: 7565 7373 6564 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 uessed correctly\n+000074d0: 3a20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 : for example, G\n+000074e0: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 6865 RUB will get the\n+000074f0: 206f 7264 6572 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 order wrong.if \n+00007500: 796f 7520 6578 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 you exchange the\n+00007510: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 boot sequence b\n+00007520: 6574 7765 656e 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 etween IDE and S\n+00007530: 4353 4920 696e 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 CSI in your BIOS\n+00007540: 2e0a 0a20 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 ... Unfortunat\n+00007550: 656c 792c 2065 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 ely, even OS dev\n+00007560: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f ice names are no\n+00007570: 7420 616c 7761 7973 2073 7461 626c 652e t always stable.\n+00007580: 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e Modern.version\n+00007590: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b s of the Linux k\n+000075a0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 6520 ernel may probe \n+000075b0: 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6469 6666 drives in a diff\n+000075c0: 6572 656e 7420 6f72 6465 7220 6672 6f6d erent order from\n+000075d0: 0a62 6f6f 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 .boot to boot, a\n+000075e0: 6e64 2074 6865 2070 7265 6669 7820 28e2 nd the prefix (.\n+000075f0: 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 642a e280 9920 7665 ../dev/hd*... ve\n+00007600: 7273 7573 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 642a rsus .../dev/sd*\n+00007610: e280 9929 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 650a ...) may change.\n+00007620: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 depending on the\n+00007630: 2064 7269 7665 7220 7375 6273 7973 7465 driver subsyste\n+00007640: 6d20 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2041 7320 6120 m in use. As a \n+00007650: 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 result, the devi\n+00007660: 6365 206d 6170 0a66 696c 6520 7265 7175 ce map.file requ\n+00007670: 6972 6564 2066 7265 7175 656e 7420 6564 ired frequent ed\n+00007680: 6974 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 iting on some sy\n+00007690: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 stems... GRUB \n+000076a0: 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 avoids this prob\n+000076b0: 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2062 7920 lem nowadays by \n+000076c0: 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 using UUIDs or f\n+000076d0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 656c ile system.label\n+000076e0: 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e s when generatin\n+000076f0: 6720 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 g ...grub.cfg...\n+00007700: 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 , and we advise \n+00007710: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 that you do the \n+00007720: 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 same.for any cus\n+00007730: 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 tom menu entries\n+00007740: 2079 6f75 2077 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 you write. If \n+00007750: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 the device map f\n+00007760: 696c 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 ile does not.exi\n+00007770: 7374 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 st, then the GRU\n+00007780: 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c B utilities will\n+00007790: 2061 7373 756d 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 assume a tempor\n+000077a0: 6172 7920 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f ary device map o\n+000077b0: 6e20 7468 650a 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 n the.fly. This\n+000077c0: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 is often good e\n+000077d0: 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 nough, particula\n+000077e0: 726c 7920 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f rly in the commo\n+000077f0: 6e20 6361 7365 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 n case of.single\n+00007800: 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a -disk systems...\n+00007810: 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 However, the \n+00007820: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 device map file \n+00007830: 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 is not entirely \n+00007840: 6f62 736f 6c65 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e obsolete yet, an\n+00007850: 6420 6974 2069 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 d it is.used for\n+00007860: 206f 7665 7272 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e overriding when\n+00007870: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e current environ\n+00007880: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e ment is differen\n+00007890: 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f t from the one.o\n+000078a0: 6e20 626f 6f74 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f n boot. Most co\n+000078b0: 6d6d 6f6e 2063 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 mmon case is if \n+000078c0: 796f 7520 7573 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 you use a partit\n+000078d0: 696f 6e20 6f72 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 ion or logical v\n+000078e0: 6f6c 756d 650a 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 olume.as a disk \n+000078f0: 666f 7220 7669 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 for virtual mach\n+00007900: 696e 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 ine. You can pu\n+00007910: 7420 616e 7920 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 t any comments i\n+00007920: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 n the file if.ne\n+00007930: 6564 6564 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 eded, as the GRU\n+00007940: 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 B utilities assu\n+00007950: 6d65 2074 6861 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 me that a line i\n+00007960: 7320 6a75 7374 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 s just a comment\n+00007970: 2069 660a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 if.the first ch\n+00007980: 6172 6163 7465 7220 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 aracter is ...#.\n+00007990: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n+000079a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 b.info, Node: B\n+000079b0: 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e IOS installation\n+000079c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 , Prev: Device \n+000079d0: 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c map, Up: Instal\n+000079e0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 lation..4.4 BIOS\n+000079f0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d installation.==\n+00007a00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00007a10: 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ===..MBR.===..Th\n+00007a20: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c e partition tabl\n+00007a30: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 e format traditi\n+00007a40: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 onally used on P\n+00007a50: 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 C BIOS platforms\n+00007a60: 2069 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d is.called the M\n+00007a70: 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 aster Boot Recor\n+00007a80: 6420 284d 4252 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 d (MBR) format; \n+00007a90: 7468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d this is the form\n+00007aa0: 6174 2074 6861 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 at that.allows u\n+00007ab0: 7020 746f 2066 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 p to four primar\n+00007ac0: 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 y partitions and\n+00007ad0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 additional logi\n+00007ae0: 6361 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a cal partitions..\n+00007af0: 5769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 With this partit\n+00007b00: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 ion table format\n+00007b10: 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 , there are two \n+00007b20: 7761 7973 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 ways to install \n+00007b30: 4752 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 GRUB: it.can be \n+00007b40: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 embedded in the \n+00007b50: 6172 6561 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 area between the\n+00007b60: 204d 4252 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 MBR and the fir\n+00007b70: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 st partition.(ca\n+00007b80: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 lled by various \n+00007b90: 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 names, such as t\n+00007ba0: 6865 2022 626f 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c he \"boot track\",\n+00007bb0: 2022 4d42 5220 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 \"MBR gap\", or.\"\n+00007bc0: 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c embedding area\",\n+00007bd0: 2061 6e64 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 and which is us\n+00007be0: 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 ually at least 1\n+00007bf0: 3030 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 000 KiB), or the\n+00007c00: 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 core.image can \n+00007c10: 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 be installed in \n+00007c20: 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e a file system an\n+00007c30: 6420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 d a list of the \n+00007c40: 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 blocks that.make\n+00007c50: 2069 7420 7570 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 it up can be st\n+00007c60: 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 ored in the firs\n+00007c70: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 t sector of that\n+00007c80: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 partition... \n+00007c90: 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 Modern tools usu\n+00007ca0: 616c 6c79 206c 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 ally leave MBR g\n+00007cb0: 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 ap of at least 1\n+00007cc0: 3032 3320 4b69 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 023 KiB. This am\n+00007cd0: 6f75 6e74 0a69 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 ount.is sufficie\n+00007ce0: 6e74 2074 6f20 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 nt to cover most\n+00007cf0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e configurations.\n+00007d00: 2020 4865 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c Hence this val\n+00007d10: 7565 2069 730a 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 ue is.recommende\n+00007d20: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 d by the GRUB te\n+00007d30: 616d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 am... Historic\n+00007d40: 616c 6c79 206d 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 ally many tools \n+00007d50: 6c65 6674 206f 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 left only 31 KiB\n+00007d60: 206f 6620 7370 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 of space. This\n+00007d70: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 is not.enough t\n+00007d80: 6f20 7061 7273 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 o parse reliably\n+00007d90: 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 difficult struc\n+00007da0: 7475 7265 7320 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 tures like Btrfs\n+00007db0: 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c , ZFS, RAID or.L\n+00007dc0: 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 VM, or to use di\n+00007dd0: 6666 6963 756c 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 fficult disk acc\n+00007de0: 6573 7320 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 ess methods like\n+00007df0: 2061 6863 692e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 ahci. Hence GR\n+00007e00: 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 UB will.warn if \n+00007e10: 6174 7465 6d70 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 attempted to ins\n+00007e20: 7461 6c6c 2069 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 tall into small \n+00007e30: 4d42 5220 6761 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 MBR gap except i\n+00007e40: 6e20 6120 736d 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 n a small number\n+00007e50: 0a6f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f .of configuratio\n+00007e60: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 ns that were gra\n+00007e70: 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 ndfathered. The\n+00007e80: 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 2063 grandfathered c\n+00007e90: 6f6e 6669 670a 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 onfig.must:.. \n+00007ea0: e280 a220 7573 6520 6269 6f73 6469 736b ... use biosdisk\n+00007eb0: 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 as disk access \n+00007ec0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 2f62 module for .../b\n+00007ed0: 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206e oot..... ... n\n+00007ee0: 6f74 2075 7365 2061 6e79 2061 6464 6974 ot use any addit\n+00007ef0: 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ional partition \n+00007f00: 6d61 7073 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 20e2 maps to access .\n+00007f10: 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 ../boot..... .\n+00007f20: 80a2 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d .. .../boot... m\n+00007f30: 7573 7420 6265 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 ust be on one of\n+00007f40: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2066 696c 6573 following files\n+00007f50: 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 4146 4653 2c20 4146 ystems: AFFS, AF\n+00007f60: 532c 2042 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2063 7069 S, BFS,. cpi\n+00007f70: 6f2c 206e 6577 632c 206f 6463 2c20 6578 o, newc, odc, ex\n+00007f80: 7432 2f33 2f34 2c20 4641 542c 2065 7846 t2/3/4, FAT, exF\n+00007f90: 4154 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 4846 532c 2075 AT, F2FS, HFS, u\n+00007fa0: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 640a 2020 2020 ncompressed. \n+00007fb0: 2048 4653 2b2c 2049 534f 3936 3630 2c20 HFS+, ISO9660, \n+00007fc0: 4a46 532c 204d 696e 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 JFS, Minix, Mini\n+00007fd0: 7832 2c20 4d69 6e69 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 x2, Minix3, NILF\n+00007fe0: 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 S2, NTFS, Reiser\n+00007ff0: 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 FS,. ROMFS, \n+00008000: 5346 532c 2074 6172 2c20 5544 462c 2055 SFS, tar, UDF, U\n+00008010: 4653 312c 2055 4653 322c 2058 4653 0a0a FS1, UFS2, XFS..\n+00008020: 2020 204d 4252 2067 6170 2068 6173 2066 MBR gap has f\n+00008030: 6577 2074 6563 686e 6963 616c 2070 726f ew technical pro\n+00008040: 626c 656d 732e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 blems. There is\n+00008050: 206e 6f20 7761 7920 746f 2072 6573 6572 no way to reser\n+00008060: 7665 2073 7061 6365 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 ve space.in the \n+00008070: 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 2077 embedding area w\n+00008080: 6974 6820 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 2073 6166 ith complete saf\n+00008090: 6574 792c 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 7072 ety, and some pr\n+000080a0: 6f70 7269 6574 6172 790a 736f 6674 7761 oprietary.softwa\n+000080b0: 7265 2069 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 re is known to u\n+000080c0: 7365 2069 7420 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 se it to make it\n+000080d0: 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2066 6f72 2075 difficult for u\n+000080e0: 7365 7273 2074 6f20 776f 726b 0a61 726f sers to work.aro\n+000080f0: 756e 6420 6c69 6365 6e73 696e 6720 7265 und licensing re\n+00008100: 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 2047 5255 strictions. GRU\n+00008110: 4220 776f 726b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 B works around i\n+00008120: 7420 6279 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 0a73 t by detecting.s\n+00008130: 6563 746f 7273 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 ectors by other \n+00008140: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2061 6e64 2061 766f software and avo\n+00008150: 6964 696e 6720 7468 656d 2061 6e64 2070 iding them and p\n+00008160: 726f 7465 6374 696e 6720 6974 7320 6f77 rotecting its ow\n+00008170: 6e0a 7365 6374 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 n.sectors using \n+00008180: 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 2065 6e63 Reed-Solomon enc\n+00008190: 6f64 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 oding... GRUB \n+000081a0: 7465 616d 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 team recommends \n+000081b0: 6861 7669 6e67 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f having MBR gap o\n+000081c0: 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 f at least 1000 \n+000081d0: 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 KiB... Should \n+000081e0: 6974 206e 6f74 2062 6520 706f 7373 6962 it not be possib\n+000081f0: 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2068 6173 2073 7570 le, GRUB has sup\n+00008200: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2061 2066 616c 6c62 port for a fallb\n+00008210: 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 0a77 6869 ack solution.whi\n+00008220: 6368 2069 7320 6865 6176 696c 7920 7265 ch is heavily re\n+00008230: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6167 6169 6e73 commended agains\n+00008240: 742e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 t. Installing t\n+00008250: 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d o a filesystem m\n+00008260: 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 4752 5542 2069 eans.that GRUB i\n+00008270: 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 s vulnerable to \n+00008280: 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 2062 6569 6e67 its blocks being\n+00008290: 206d 6f76 6564 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 moved around by\n+000082a0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 6665 6174 filesystem.feat\n+000082b0: 7572 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6169 ures such as tai\n+000082c0: 6c20 7061 636b 696e 672c 206f 7220 6576 l packing, or ev\n+000082d0: 656e 2062 7920 6167 6772 6573 7369 7665 en by aggressive\n+000082e0: 2066 7363 6b0a 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 fsck.implementa\n+000082f0: 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6973 2061 tions, so this a\n+00008300: 7070 726f 6163 6820 6973 2071 7569 7465 pproach is quite\n+00008310: 2066 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 616e 6420 7468 fragile; and th\n+00008320: 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 680a 6361 6e20 is approach.can \n+00008330: 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6620 only be used if \n+00008340: 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 the .../boot... \n+00008350: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 6f6e filesystem is on\n+00008360: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 736b 2074 the same disk t\n+00008370: 6861 7420 7468 650a 4249 4f53 2062 6f6f hat the.BIOS boo\n+00008380: 7473 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 ts from, so that\n+00008390: 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 GRUB does not h\n+000083a0: 6176 6520 746f 2072 656c 7920 6f6e 2067 ave to rely on g\n+000083b0: 7565 7373 696e 6720 4249 4f53 0a64 7269 uessing BIOS.dri\n+000083c0: 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 ve numbers... \n+000083d0: 5468 6520 4752 5542 2064 6576 656c 6f70 The GRUB develop\n+000083e0: 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 6765 6e65 7261 ment team genera\n+000083f0: 6c6c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6473 2065 lly recommends e\n+00008400: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6265 mbedding GRUB be\n+00008410: 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 fore.the first p\n+00008420: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 artition, unless\n+00008430: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 you have specia\n+00008440: 6c20 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e 7473 2e20 l requirements. \n+00008450: 2059 6f75 206d 7573 740a 656e 7375 7265 You must.ensure\n+00008460: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 that the first \n+00008470: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7473 partition starts\n+00008480: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 3030 204b at least 1000 K\n+00008490: 6942 2028 3230 3030 2073 6563 746f 7273 iB (2000 sectors\n+000084a0: 290a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 ).from the start\n+000084b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b 3b20 6f6e of the disk; on\n+000084c0: 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 736b 732c 2069 modern disks, i\n+000084d0: 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2061 2070 6572 t is often a per\n+000084e0: 666f 726d 616e 6365 0a61 6476 616e 7461 formance.advanta\n+000084f0: 6765 2074 6f20 616c 6967 6e20 7061 7274 ge to align part\n+00008500: 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 6c61 7267 6572 itions on larger\n+00008510: 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 7320 616e 7977 boundaries anyw\n+00008520: 6179 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ay, so the first\n+00008530: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6967 6874 .partition might\n+00008540: 2073 7461 7274 2031 204d 6942 2066 726f start 1 MiB fro\n+00008550: 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 m the start of t\n+00008560: 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 4750 540a 3d3d he disk...GPT.==\n+00008570: 3d0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 7765 7220 7379 =..Some newer sy\n+00008580: 7374 656d 7320 7573 6520 7468 6520 4755 stems use the GU\n+00008590: 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 ID Partition Tab\n+000085a0: 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2066 6f72 6d61 742e le (GPT) format.\n+000085b0: 2020 5468 6973 2077 6173 0a73 7065 6369 This was.speci\n+000085c0: 6669 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 fied as part of \n+000085d0: 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e73 6962 6c65 2046 the Extensible F\n+000085e0: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 496e 7465 7266 6163 irmware Interfac\n+000085f0: 6520 2845 4649 292c 2062 7574 2069 7420 e (EFI), but it \n+00008600: 6361 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 6520 7573 6564 can.also be used\n+00008610: 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 on BIOS platfor\n+00008620: 6d73 2069 6620 7379 7374 656d 2073 6f66 ms if system sof\n+00008630: 7477 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2069 tware supports i\n+00008640: 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 t; for.example, \n+00008650: 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e GRUB and GNU/Lin\n+00008660: 7578 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 ux can be used i\n+00008670: 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 n this configura\n+00008680: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7468 6973 tion. With.this\n+00008690: 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 7420 6973 2070 format, it is p\n+000086a0: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 6573 6572 ossible to reser\n+000086b0: 7665 2061 2077 686f 6c65 2070 6172 7469 ve a whole parti\n+000086c0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c 0a63 tion for GRUB,.c\n+000086d0: 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 alled the BIOS B\n+000086e0: 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 oot Partition. \n+000086f0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 GRUB can then be\n+00008700: 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 embedded into t\n+00008710: 6861 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 hat.partition wi\n+00008720: 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 7269 736b 206f thout the risk o\n+00008730: 6620 6265 696e 6720 6f76 6572 7772 6974 f being overwrit\n+00008740: 7465 6e20 6279 206f 7468 6572 2073 6f66 ten by other sof\n+00008750: 7477 6172 6520 616e 640a 7769 7468 6f75 tware and.withou\n+00008760: 7420 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 t being containe\n+00008770: 6420 696e 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 d in a filesyste\n+00008780: 6d20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6d6f m which might mo\n+00008790: 7665 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 730a 6172 ve its blocks.ar\n+000087a0: 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 ound... When c\n+000087b0: 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 4249 4f53 2042 reating a BIOS B\n+000087c0: 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e oot Partition on\n+000087d0: 2061 2047 5054 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 a GPT system, y\n+000087e0: 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 ou should make.s\n+000087f0: 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 2061 ure that it is a\n+00008800: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3331 204b 6942 2069 t least 31 KiB i\n+00008810: 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 542d 666f n size. (GPT-fo\n+00008820: 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 6172 rmatted disks ar\n+00008830: 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 e not.usually pa\n+00008840: 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c rticularly small\n+00008850: 2c20 736f 2077 6520 7265 636f 6d6d 656e , so we recommen\n+00008860: 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 d that you make \n+00008870: 6974 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e 0a74 it larger than.t\n+00008880: 6865 2062 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c he bare minimum,\n+00008890: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2031 204d 6942 2c20 such as 1 MiB, \n+000088a0: 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 to allow plenty \n+000088b0: 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 6772 6f77 of room for grow\n+000088c0: 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 7420 616c th.).You must al\n+000088d0: 736f 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 so make sure tha\n+000088e0: 7420 6974 2068 6173 2074 6865 2070 726f t it has the pro\n+000088f0: 7065 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 per partition ty\n+00008900: 7065 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 pe. Using.GNU P\n+00008910: 6172 7465 642c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 arted, you can s\n+00008920: 6574 2074 6869 7320 7573 696e 6720 6120 et this using a \n+00008930: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 6368 2061 7320 command such as \n+00008940: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a the following:..\n+00008950: 2020 2020 2023 2070 6172 7465 6420 2f64 # parted /d\n+00008960: 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 7420 5041 5254 ev/DISK set PART\n+00008970: 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 696f ITION-NUMBER bio\n+00008980: 735f 6772 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 s_grub on.. If\n+00008990: 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2067 you are using g\n+000089a0: 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 7061 disk, set the pa\n+000089b0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2074 6f20 rtition type to \n+000089c0: e280 9830 7845 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 ...0xEF02.... W\n+000089d0: 6974 680a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 ith.partitioning\n+000089e0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 2072 programs that r\n+000089f0: 6571 7569 7265 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 equire setting t\n+00008a00: 6865 2047 5549 4420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 he GUID directly\n+00008a10: 2c20 6974 2073 686f 756c 640a 6265 20e2 , it should.be .\n+00008a20: 8098 3231 3638 3631 3438 2d36 3434 392d ..21686148-6449-\n+00008a30: 3665 3666 2d37 3434 6536 3536 3536 3434 6e6f-744e6565644\n+00008a40: 3534 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 54649...... *C\n+00008a50: 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 7279 aution:* Be very\n+00008a60: 2063 6172 6566 756c 2077 6869 6368 2070 careful which p\n+00008a70: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 656c artition you sel\n+00008a80: 6563 7421 2020 5768 656e 2047 5255 420a ect! When GRUB.\n+00008a90: 6669 6e64 7320 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f finds a BIOS Boo\n+00008aa0: 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6475 7269 t Partition duri\n+00008ab0: 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c ng installation,\n+00008ac0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 it will automat\n+00008ad0: 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 7465 ically.overwrite\n+00008ae0: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2069 742e 2020 4d61 part of it. Ma\n+00008af0: 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 ke sure that the\n+00008b00: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 partition does \n+00008b10: 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 790a not contain any.\n+00008b20: 6f74 6865 7220 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 other data.....F\n+00008b30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00008b40: 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 Node: Booting, \n+00008b50: 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Next: Configura\n+00008b60: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e73 tion, Prev: Ins\n+00008b70: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 tallation, Up: \n+00008b80: 546f 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a Top..5 Booting.*\n+00008b90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 ********..GRUB c\n+00008ba0: 616e 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f an load Multiboo\n+00008bb0: 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e t-compliant kern\n+00008bc0: 656c 7320 696e 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 els in a consist\n+00008bd0: 656e 7420 7761 792c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 ent way, but for\n+00008be0: 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 206f 7065 7261 .some free opera\n+00008bf0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 ting systems you\n+00008c00: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2073 6f6d need to use som\n+00008c10: 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d61 e OS-specific ma\n+00008c20: 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a gic...* Menu:..*\n+00008c30: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 General boot me\n+00008c40: 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2048 thods:: H\n+00008c50: 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 204f 5365 7320 ow to boot OSes \n+00008c60: 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 6765 6e65 7261 with GRUB genera\n+00008c70: 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 lly.* Loopback b\n+00008c80: 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ooting:: \n+00008c90: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f Notes on boo\n+00008ca0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 ting from loopba\n+00008cb0: 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 cks.* LVM cache \n+00008cc0: 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 booting:: \n+00008cd0: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f Notes on boo\n+00008ce0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 ting from LVM ca\n+00008cf0: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n+00008d00: 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 me.* OS-specific\n+00008d10: 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 notes:: \n+00008d20: 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 Notes on some\n+00008d30: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00008d40: 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ms....File: grub\n+00008d50: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 .info, Node: Ge\n+00008d60: 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f neral boot metho\n+00008d70: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f6f 7062 ds, Next: Loopb\n+00008d80: 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 ack booting, Up\n+00008d90: 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e31 2048 : Booting..5.1 H\n+00008da0: 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 7065 7261 ow to boot opera\n+00008db0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d ting systems.===\n 00008dc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 ==========..GRUB\n-00008de0: 2068 6173 2074 6872 6565 2064 6973 7469 has three disti\n-00008df0: 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 nct boot methods\n-00008e00: 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 : loading an ope\n-00008e10: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 rating system.di\n-00008e20: 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6b65 rectly, using ke\n-00008e30: 7865 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 7061 xec from userspa\n-00008e40: 6365 2c20 616e 6420 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ce, and chainloa\n-00008e50: 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f ding another.boo\n-00008e60: 746c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 tloader. Genera\n-00008e70: 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 lly speaking, th\n-00008e80: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7477 6f20 6172 6520 e first two are \n-00008e90: 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 more desirable.b\n-00008ea0: 6563 6175 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 ecause you don't\n-00008eb0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c need to install\n-00008ec0: 206f 7220 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 or maintain oth\n-00008ed0: 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 er boot loaders \n-00008ee0: 616e 640a 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 and.GRUB is flex\n-00008ef0: 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 206c ible enough to l\n-00008f00: 6f61 6420 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 oad an operating\n-00008f10: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 system from an \n-00008f20: 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 6469 736b 2f70 arbitrary.disk/p\n-00008f30: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 artition. Howev\n-00008f40: 6572 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 er, chainloading\n-00008f50: 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 is sometimes re\n-00008f60: 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6173 2047 5255 420a quired, as GRUB.\n-00008f70: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 doesn't support \n-00008f80: 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f 7065 all existing ope\n-00008f90: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206e rating systems n\n-00008fa0: 6174 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 atively...* Menu\n-00008fb0: 3a0a 0a2a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 :..* Loading an \n-00008fc0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00008fd0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 directly::.* Ke\n-00008fe0: 7865 633a 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f xec::.* Chain-lo\n-00008ff0: 6164 696e 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ading::....File:\n-00009000: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00009010: 653a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 e: Loading an op\n-00009020: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 erating system d\n-00009030: 6972 6563 746c 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 irectly, Next: \n-00009040: 4b65 7865 632c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 Kexec, Up: Gene\n-00009050: 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 ral boot methods\n-00009060: 0a0a 352e 312e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 ..5.1.1 How to b\n-00009070: 6f6f 7420 616e 204f 5320 6469 7265 6374 oot an OS direct\n-00009080: 6c79 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d ly with GRUB.---\n-00009090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00008de0: 4752 5542 2068 6173 2074 6872 6565 2064 GRUB has three d\n+00008df0: 6973 7469 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 206d 6574 istinct boot met\n+00008e00: 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e hods: loading an\n+00008e10: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00008e20: 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 696e m.directly, usin\n+00008e30: 6720 6b65 7865 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 g kexec from use\n+00008e40: 7273 7061 6365 2c20 616e 6420 6368 6169 rspace, and chai\n+00008e50: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 nloading another\n+00008e60: 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4765 .bootloader. Ge\n+00008e70: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 nerally speaking\n+00008e80: 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7477 6f20 , the first two \n+00008e90: 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 6972 6162 are more desirab\n+00008ea0: 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 7365 2079 6f75 2064 le.because you d\n+00008eb0: 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 on't need to ins\n+00008ec0: 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 696e 7461 696e tall or maintain\n+00008ed0: 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 other boot load\n+00008ee0: 6572 7320 616e 640a 4752 5542 2069 7320 ers and.GRUB is \n+00008ef0: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 flexible enough \n+00008f00: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f 7065 7261 to load an opera\n+00008f10: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d ting system from\n+00008f20: 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 6469 an arbitrary.di\n+00008f30: 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 sk/partition. H\n+00008f40: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 owever, chainloa\n+00008f50: 6469 6e67 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 ding is sometime\n+00008f60: 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6173 2047 s required, as G\n+00008f70: 5255 420a 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 RUB.doesn't supp\n+00008f80: 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 ort all existing\n+00008f90: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00008fa0: 6d73 206e 6174 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 ms natively...* \n+00008fb0: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 Menu:..* Loading\n+00008fc0: 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 an operating sy\n+00008fd0: 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a0a stem directly::.\n+00008fe0: 2a20 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 * Kexec::.* Chai\n+00008ff0: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 n-loading::....F\n+00009000: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00009010: 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 Node: Loading a\n+00009020: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n+00009030: 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2020 4e65 em directly, Ne\n+00009040: 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 5570 3a20 xt: Kexec, Up: \n+00009050: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 General boot met\n+00009060: 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e 3120 486f 7720 hods..5.1.1 How \n+00009070: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 204f 5320 6469 to boot an OS di\n+00009080: 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 rectly with GRUB\n+00009090: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n 000090a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 626f -------..Multibo\n-000090c0: 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 ot (*note Multib\n-000090d0: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n-000090e0: 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f n: (multiboot)To\n-000090f0: 702e 2920 6973 2074 6865 206e 6174 6976 p.) is the nativ\n-00009100: 650a 666f 726d 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 e.format support\n-00009110: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2e20 466f 7220 ed by GRUB. For \n-00009120: 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 the sake of conv\n-00009130: 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2074 6865 7265 2069 enience, there i\n-00009140: 7320 616c 736f 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 s also.support f\n-00009150: 6f72 204c 696e 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 or Linux, FreeBS\n-00009160: 442c 204e 6574 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 D, NetBSD and Op\n-00009170: 656e 4253 442e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7761 enBSD. If you wa\n-00009180: 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 nt to boot.other\n-00009190: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-000091a0: 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 ms, you will hav\n-000091b0: 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 e to chain-load \n-000091c0: 7468 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 6169 them (*note.Chai\n-000091d0: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 n-loading::)... \n-000091e0: 2020 4649 584d 453a 2074 6869 7320 7365 FIXME: this se\n-000091f0: 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c ction is incompl\n-00009200: 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 756e 2074 ete... 1. Run t\n-00009210: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 626f he command ...bo\n-00009220: 6f74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f ot... (*note boo\n-00009230: 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 t::)... Howeve\n-00009240: 722c 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 696e 646f r, DOS and Windo\n-00009250: 7773 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2064 6566 ws have some def\n-00009260: 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 6f20 796f iciencies, so yo\n-00009270: 7520 6d69 6768 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f0a u might have to.\n-00009280: 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 use more complic\n-00009290: 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e ated instruction\n-000092a0: 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 s. *Note DOS/Wi\n-000092b0: 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 ndows::, for mor\n-000092c0: 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e.information...\n-000092d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000092e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 632c o, Node: Kexec,\n-000092f0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f Next: Chain-lo\n-00009300: 6164 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f ading, Prev: Lo\n-00009310: 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 ading an operati\n-00009320: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 ng system direct\n-00009330: 6c79 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c ly, Up: General\n-00009340: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 boot methods..5\n-00009350: 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 6563 2077 6974 6820 .1.2 Kexec with \n-00009360: 6772 7562 322d 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d grub2-emu.------\n+000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c -----------..Mul\n+000090c0: 7469 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 tiboot (*note Mu\n+000090d0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n+000090e0: 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ation: (multiboo\n+000090f0: 7429 546f 702e 2920 6973 2074 6865 206e t)Top.) is the n\n+00009100: 6174 6976 650a 666f 726d 6174 2073 7570 ative.format sup\n+00009110: 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2e20 ported by GRUB. \n+00009120: 466f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 For the sake of \n+00009130: 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2074 6865 convenience, the\n+00009140: 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a73 7570 706f re is also.suppo\n+00009150: 7274 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 2c20 4672 rt for Linux, Fr\n+00009160: 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 4420 616e eeBSD, NetBSD an\n+00009170: 6420 4f70 656e 4253 442e 2049 6620 796f d OpenBSD. If yo\n+00009180: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f u want to boot.o\n+00009190: 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 ther operating s\n+000091a0: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c ystems, you will\n+000091b0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e 2d6c have to chain-l\n+000091c0: 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a oad them (*note.\n+000091d0: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 Chain-loading::)\n+000091e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 584d 453a 2074 6869 ... FIXME: thi\n+000091f0: 7320 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 s section is inc\n+00009200: 6f6d 706c 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 omplete... 1. R\n+00009210: 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 un the command .\n+00009220: 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 ..boot... (*note\n+00009230: 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f boot::)... Ho\n+00009240: 7765 7665 722c 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 wever, DOS and W\n+00009250: 696e 646f 7773 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 indows have some\n+00009260: 2064 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 deficiencies, s\n+00009270: 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 6861 7665 o you might have\n+00009280: 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d to.use more com\n+00009290: 706c 6963 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 plicated instruc\n+000092a0: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f tions. *Note DO\n+000092b0: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 S/Windows::, for\n+000092c0: 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more.informatio\n+000092d0: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+000092e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 .info, Node: Ke\n+000092f0: 7865 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 6169 xec, Next: Chai\n+00009300: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 n-loading, Prev\n+00009310: 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 : Loading an ope\n+00009320: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 rating system di\n+00009330: 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e rectly, Up: Gen\n+00009340: 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 eral boot method\n+00009350: 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 6563 2077 s..5.1.2 Kexec w\n+00009360: 6974 6820 6772 7562 322d 656d 750a 2d2d ith grub2-emu.--\n 00009370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 ----..GRUB can b\n-00009390: 6520 7275 6e20 696e 2075 7365 7273 7061 e run in userspa\n-000093a0: 6365 2062 7920 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 ce by invoking t\n-000093b0: 6865 2067 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f he grub2-emu too\n-000093c0: 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 l. It will.read\n-000093d0: 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 all configurati\n-000093e0: 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 7320 6966 on scripts as if\n-000093f0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c booting directl\n-00009400: 7920 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 y (see *note Loa\n-00009410: 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e ding.an operatin\n-00009420: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c g system directl\n-00009430: 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 y::). With the \n-00009440: e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c ...--kexec... fl\n-00009450: 6167 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 7865 6328 3829 ag, and kexec(8)\n-00009460: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 726f 6d20 7468 .support from th\n-00009470: 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 e operating syst\n-00009480: 656d 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 em, the ...linux\n-00009490: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c ... command will\n-000094a0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 626f 6f74 2074 directly.boot t\n-000094b0: 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 696d 6167 652e he target image.\n-000094c0: 2020 466f 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 For systems th\n-000094d0: 6174 206c 6163 6b20 776f 726b 696e 6720 at lack working \n-000094e0: 7379 7374 656d 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 systemctl(1).sup\n-000094f0: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 206b 6578 6563 2c20 port for kexec, \n-00009500: 7061 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d passing the ...-\n-00009510: 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2074 -kexec... flag t\n-00009520: 7769 6365 2077 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 wice will fallba\n-00009530: 636b 2074 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 206b ck to.invoking k\n-00009540: 6578 6563 2838 2920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 exec(8) directly\n-00009550: 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 6576 6572 2074 ; note however t\n-00009560: 6861 7420 7468 6973 2066 616c 6c62 6163 hat this fallbac\n-00009570: 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 k may be.unsafe \n-00009580: 6f75 7473 6964 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c outside read-onl\n-00009590: 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 y environments, \n-000095a0: 6173 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 as it does not i\n-000095b0: 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 646f 776e 0a6d nvoke shutdown.m\n-000095c0: 6163 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c achinery.....Fil\n-000095d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000095e0: 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 ode: Chain-loadi\n-000095f0: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204b 6578 6563 ng, Prev: Kexec\n-00009600: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 , Up: General b\n-00009610: 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 oot methods..5.1\n-00009620: 2e33 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 .3 Chain-loading\n-00009630: 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d an OS.---------\n+00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 --------..GRUB c\n+00009390: 616e 2062 6520 7275 6e20 696e 2075 7365 an be run in use\n+000093a0: 7273 7061 6365 2062 7920 696e 766f 6b69 rspace by invoki\n+000093b0: 6e67 2074 6865 2067 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 ng the grub2-emu\n+000093c0: 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c0a tool. It will.\n+000093d0: 7265 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 read all configu\n+000093e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 ration scripts a\n+000093f0: 7320 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6972 s if booting dir\n+00009400: 6563 746c 7920 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 ectly (see *note\n+00009410: 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 Loading.an oper\n+00009420: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 ating system dir\n+00009430: 6563 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 6820 ectly::). With \n+00009440: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 the ...--kexec..\n+00009450: 9920 666c 6167 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 7865 . flag, and kexe\n+00009460: 6328 3829 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 726f c(8).support fro\n+00009470: 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 m the operating \n+00009480: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c system, the ...l\n+00009490: 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 inux... command \n+000094a0: 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 626f will directly.bo\n+000094b0: 6f74 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 696d ot the target im\n+000094c0: 6167 652e 2020 466f 7220 7379 7374 656d age. For system\n+000094d0: 7320 7468 6174 206c 6163 6b20 776f 726b s that lack work\n+000094e0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 6374 6c28 3129 ing systemctl(1)\n+000094f0: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 206b 6578 .support for kex\n+00009500: 6563 2c20 7061 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 ec, passing the \n+00009510: e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c ...--kexec... fl\n+00009520: 6167 2074 7769 6365 2077 696c 6c20 6661 ag twice will fa\n+00009530: 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 llback to.invoki\n+00009540: 6e67 206b 6578 6563 2838 2920 6469 7265 ng kexec(8) dire\n+00009550: 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 6576 ctly; note howev\n+00009560: 6572 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2066 616c er that this fal\n+00009570: 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 lback may be.uns\n+00009580: 6166 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 7265 6164 afe outside read\n+00009590: 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e -only environmen\n+000095a0: 7473 2c20 6173 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e ts, as it does n\n+000095b0: 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 646f ot invoke shutdo\n+000095c0: 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f wn.machinery....\n+000095d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000095e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c , Node: Chain-l\n+000095f0: 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204b oading, Prev: K\n+00009600: 6578 6563 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 exec, Up: Gener\n+00009610: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a al boot methods.\n+00009620: 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 .5.1.3 Chain-loa\n+00009630: 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ding an OS.-----\n 00009640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009650: 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 ..Operating syst\n-00009660: 656d 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 ems that do not \n-00009670: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f support Multiboo\n-00009680: 7420 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 2068 6176 t and do not hav\n-00009690: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a73 7570 706f e specific.suppo\n-000096a0: 7274 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 7370 6563 rt in GRUB (spec\n-000096b0: 6966 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 ific support is \n-000096c0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 4c69 available for Li\n-000096d0: 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 nux, FreeBSD,.Ne\n-000096e0: 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 5344 tBSD and OpenBSD\n-000096f0: 2920 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6368 6169 6e2d ) must be chain-\n-00009700: 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 7768 6963 6820 696e loaded, which in\n-00009710: 766f 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 volves loading a\n-00009720: 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 nother.boot load\n-00009730: 6572 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7069 6e67 2074 er and jumping t\n-00009740: 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 7265 616c 206d 6f64 o it in real mod\n-00009750: 6520 6f72 2076 6961 2074 6865 2066 6972 e or via the fir\n-00009760: 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 mware... The .\n-00009770: 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 ..chainloader...\n-00009780: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n-00009790: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 2069 chainloader::) i\n-000097a0: 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 s used to set th\n-000097b0: 6973 0a75 702e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6e6f is.up. It is no\n-000097c0: 726d 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 rmally also nece\n-000097d0: 7373 6172 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 736f ssary to load so\n-000097e0: 6d65 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 me GRUB modules \n-000097f0: 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a 6170 7072 and set the.appr\n-00009800: 6f70 7269 6174 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 opriate root dev\n-00009810: 6963 652e 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 ice. Putting th\n-00009820: 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2077 6520 is together, we \n-00009830: 6765 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 get something li\n-00009840: 6b65 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6f72 2061 2057 ke.this, for a W\n-00009850: 696e 646f 7773 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e indows system on\n-00009860: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the first parti\n-00009870: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 tion of the firs\n-00009880: 7420 6861 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 t hard.disk:..me\n-00009890: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2257 696e 646f 7773 nuentry \"Windows\n-000098a0: 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 \" {..insmod chai\n-000098b0: 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 n..insmod ntfs..\n-000098c0: 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 set root=(hd0,1)\n-000098d0: 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 ..chainloader +1\n-000098e0: 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7379 7374 656d .}.. On system\n-000098f0: 7320 7769 7468 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 s with multiple \n-00009900: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 hard disks, an a\n-00009910: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 776f 726b 6172 dditional workar\n-00009920: 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 2062 650a 7265 7175 ound may be.requ\n-00009930: 6972 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 ired. *Note DOS\n-00009940: 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 /Windows::... \n-00009950: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6973 Chain-loading is\n-00009960: 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 only supported \n-00009970: 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 on PC BIOS and E\n-00009980: 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f FI platforms....\n-00009990: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000099a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 , Node: Loopbac\n-000099b0: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 k booting, Next\n-000099c0: 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 : LVM cache boot\n-000099d0: 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 ing, Prev: Gene\n-000099e0: 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 ral boot methods\n-000099f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a , Up: Booting..\n-00009a00: 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 5.2 Loopback boo\n-00009a10: 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ting.===========\n-00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 =========..GRUB \n-00009a30: 6973 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 is able to read \n-00009a40: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 2862 from an image (b\n-00009a50: 6520 6974 206f 6e65 206f 6620 4344 206f e it one of CD o\n-00009a60: 7220 4844 4429 2073 746f 7265 6420 6f6e r HDD) stored on\n-00009a70: 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 6163 6365 .any of its acce\n-00009a80: 7373 6962 6c65 2073 746f 7261 6765 7320 ssible storages \n-00009a90: 2872 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 (refer to *note \n-00009aa0: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 loopback:: comma\n-00009ab0: 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 nd)..However the\n-00009ac0: 204f 5320 6974 7365 6c66 2073 686f 756c OS itself shoul\n-00009ad0: 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2066 696e d be able to fin\n-00009ae0: 6420 6974 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 d its root. Thi\n-00009af0: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 696e 766f 6c76 s usually.involv\n-00009b00: 6573 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 7365 es running a use\n-00009b10: 7273 7061 6365 2070 726f 6772 616d 2072 rspace program r\n-00009b20: 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 unning before th\n-00009b30: 6520 7265 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 e real root is.d\n-00009b40: 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 iscovered. This\n-00009b50: 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 7920 is achieved by \n-00009b60: 4752 5542 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2073 GRUB loading a s\n-00009b70: 7065 6369 616c 6c79 206d 6164 6520 736d pecially made sm\n-00009b80: 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7061 all.image and pa\n-00009b90: 7373 696e 6720 6974 2061 7320 7261 6d64 ssing it as ramd\n-00009ba0: 6973 6b20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 isk to the kerne\n-00009bb0: 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 l. This is achi\n-00009bc0: 6576 6564 2062 790a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 eved by.commands\n-00009bd0: 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 ...kfreebsd_mod\n-00009be0: 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 7462 ule..., ...knetb\n-00009bf0: 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 sd_module_elf...\n-00009c00: 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 , ...kopenbsd_ra\n-00009c10: 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 mdisk...,....ini\n-00009c20: 7472 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e trd... (*note in\n-00009c30: 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 696e 6974 itrd::), ...init\n-00009c40: 7264 3136 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 rd16... (*note i\n-00009c50: 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 986d nitrd16::),....m\n-00009c60: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 ultiboot_module.\n-00009c70: 8099 2c20 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 .., ...multiboot\n-00009c80: 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 2_module... or .\n-00009c90: 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 ..xnu_ramdisk...\n-00009ca0: 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 depending on.th\n-00009cb0: 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 e loader. Note \n-00009cc0: 7468 6174 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 7364 that for knetbsd\n-00009cd0: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 206d 7573 7420 the image must \n-00009ce0: 6265 2070 7574 2069 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 be put inside.mi\n-00009cf0: 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 niroot.kmod and \n-00009d00: 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 726f the whole miniro\n-00009d10: 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 746f 2062 ot.kmod has to b\n-00009d20: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f e loaded. In ko\n-00009d30: 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 penbsd.payload t\n-00009d40: 6869 7320 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 his is disabled \n-00009d50: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 by default. Add\n-00009d60: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 6176 itionally, behav\n-00009d70: 696f 7572 206f 6620 696e 6974 6961 6c0a iour of initial.\n-00009d80: 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 7320 ramdisk depends \n-00009d90: 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 on command line \n-00009da0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7665 7261 options. Severa\n-00009db0: 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 2070 l distributors p\n-00009dc0: 726f 7669 6465 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 6765 rovide.the image\n-00009dd0: 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7075 7270 6f73 for this purpos\n-00009de0: 6520 6f72 2069 7427 7320 696e 7465 6772 e or it's integr\n-00009df0: 6174 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7374 ated in their st\n-00009e00: 616e 6461 7264 2072 616d 6469 736b 0a61 andard ramdisk.a\n-00009e10: 6e64 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2062 7920 nd activated by \n-00009e20: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 special option. \n-00009e30: 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 Consult your ke\n-00009e40: 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 rnel and distrib\n-00009e50: 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 ution.manual for\n-00009e60: 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 2020 more details. \n-00009e70: 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6c69 Other loaders li\n-00009e80: 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 ke ...appleloade\n-00009e90: 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f r...,....chainlo\n-00009ea0: 6164 6572 e280 9920 2842 494f 532c 2045 ader... (BIOS, E\n-00009eb0: 4649 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 FI, coreboot), .\n-00009ec0: 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 ..freedos..., ..\n-00009ed0: 986e 746c 6472 e280 992c 20e2 8098 706c .ntldr..., ...pl\n-00009ee0: 616e 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 an9... and....tr\n-00009ef0: 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 2070 726f 7669 uecrypt... provi\n-00009f00: 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 de no possibilit\n-00009f10: 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 y of loading ini\n-00009f20: 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 tial ramdisk and\n-00009f30: 2061 7320 6661 720a 6173 2061 7574 686f as far.as autho\n-00009f40: 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 6865 2070 r is aware the p\n-00009f50: 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 2071 7565 7374 ayloads in quest\n-00009f60: 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 ion don't suppor\n-00009f70: 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 7469 616c t either initial\n-00009f80: 0a72 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 6469 7363 .ramdisk or disc\n-00009f90: 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b overing loopback\n-00009fa0: 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 boot in other w\n-00009fb0: 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 6368 206e ay and as such n\n-00009fc0: 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 7468 6973 ot.bootable this\n-00009fd0: 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 636f way. Please co\n-00009fe0: 6e73 6964 6572 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 nsider alternati\n-00009ff0: 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 ve boot methods \n-0000a000: 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c like.copying all\n-0000a010: 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 files from the \n-0000a020: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 7561 6c20 image to actual \n-0000a030: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 partition. Cons\n-0000a040: 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f 530a 646f 6375 ult your OS.docu\n-0000a050: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f mentation for mo\n-0000a060: 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 re details.....F\n-0000a070: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0000a080: 204e 6f64 653a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 Node: LVM cache\n-0000a090: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a booting, Next:\n-0000a0a0: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n-0000a0b0: 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 es, Prev: Loopb\n-0000a0c0: 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 ack booting, Up\n-0000a0d0: 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 : Booting..5.3 B\n-0000a0e0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 ooting from LVM \n-0000a0f0: 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f cache logical vo\n-0000a100: 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d lume.===========\n+00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ----..Operating \n+00009660: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f20 systems that do \n+00009670: 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 not support Mult\n+00009680: 6962 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 iboot and do not\n+00009690: 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a73 have specific.s\n+000096a0: 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 upport in GRUB (\n+000096b0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 specific support\n+000096c0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f is available fo\n+000096d0: 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 r Linux, FreeBSD\n+000096e0: 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 ,.NetBSD and Ope\n+000096f0: 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6368 nBSD) must be ch\n+00009700: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 7768 6963 ain-loaded, whic\n+00009710: 6820 696e 766f 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 6469 h involves loadi\n+00009720: 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 ng another.boot \n+00009730: 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7069 loader and jumpi\n+00009740: 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 7265 616c ng to it in real\n+00009750: 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 6961 2074 6865 mode or via the\n+00009760: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 firmware... T\n+00009770: 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 he ...chainloade\n+00009780: 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e r... command (*n\n+00009790: 6f74 6520 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a ote chainloader:\n+000097a0: 3a29 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7365 :) is used to se\n+000097b0: 7420 7468 6973 0a75 702e 2020 4974 2069 t this.up. It i\n+000097c0: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 s normally also \n+000097d0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 206c 6f61 necessary to loa\n+000097e0: 6420 736f 6d65 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 d some GRUB modu\n+000097f0: 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a les and set the.\n+00009800: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 726f 6f74 appropriate root\n+00009810: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5075 7474 696e device. Puttin\n+00009820: 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c g this together,\n+00009830: 2077 6520 6765 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e we get somethin\n+00009840: 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6f72 g like.this, for\n+00009850: 2061 2057 696e 646f 7773 2073 7973 7465 a Windows syste\n+00009860: 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 m on the first p\n+00009870: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 artition of the \n+00009880: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a first hard.disk:\n+00009890: 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2257 696e ..menuentry \"Win\n+000098a0: 646f 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 dows\" {..insmod \n+000098b0: 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 chain..insmod nt\n+000098c0: 6673 0a09 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 fs..set root=(hd\n+000098d0: 302c 3129 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 0,1)..chainloade\n+000098e0: 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7379 r +1.}.. On sy\n+000098f0: 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 206d 756c 7469 stems with multi\n+00009900: 706c 6520 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 ple hard disks, \n+00009910: 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 776f an additional wo\n+00009920: 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 2062 650a rkaround may be.\n+00009930: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 required. *Note\n+00009940: 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a DOS/Windows::..\n+00009950: 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e . Chain-loadin\n+00009960: 6720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 g is only suppor\n+00009970: 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2061 ted on PC BIOS a\n+00009980: 6e64 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 nd EFI platforms\n+00009990: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000099a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f info, Node: Loo\n+000099b0: 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 pback booting, \n+000099c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 Next: LVM cache \n+000099d0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 booting, Prev: \n+000099e0: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 General boot met\n+000099f0: 686f 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 hods, Up: Booti\n+00009a00: 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b ng..5.2 Loopback\n+00009a10: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d booting.=======\n+00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n+00009a30: 5255 4220 6973 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 RUB is able to r\n+00009a40: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d 6167 ead from an imag\n+00009a50: 6520 2862 6520 6974 206f 6e65 206f 6620 e (be it one of \n+00009a60: 4344 206f 7220 4844 4429 2073 746f 7265 CD or HDD) store\n+00009a70: 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 d on.any of its \n+00009a80: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 746f 7261 accessible stora\n+00009a90: 6765 7320 2872 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e ges (refer to *n\n+00009aa0: 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 ote loopback:: c\n+00009ab0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 ommand)..However\n+00009ac0: 2074 6865 204f 5320 6974 7365 6c66 2073 the OS itself s\n+00009ad0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f hould be able to\n+00009ae0: 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 find its root. \n+00009af0: 2054 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 696e This usually.in\n+00009b00: 766f 6c76 6573 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 volves running a\n+00009b10: 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2070 726f 6772 userspace progr\n+00009b20: 616d 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 am running befor\n+00009b30: 6520 7468 6520 7265 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 e the real root \n+00009b40: 6973 0a64 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 is.discovered. \n+00009b50: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 This is achieved\n+00009b60: 2062 7920 4752 5542 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 by GRUB loading\n+00009b70: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 6c79 206d 6164 a specially mad\n+00009b80: 6520 736d 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 616e e small.image an\n+00009b90: 6420 7061 7373 696e 6720 6974 2061 7320 d passing it as \n+00009ba0: 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 746f 2074 6865 206b ramdisk to the k\n+00009bb0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 ernel. This is \n+00009bc0: 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 790a 636f 6d6d achieved by.comm\n+00009bd0: 616e 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 ands ...kfreebsd\n+00009be0: 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b _module..., ...k\n+00009bf0: 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c netbsd_module_el\n+00009c00: 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 f..., ...kopenbs\n+00009c10: 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 d_ramdisk...,...\n+00009c20: 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 .initrd... (*not\n+00009c30: 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 e initrd::), ...\n+00009c40: 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 9920 282a 6e6f initrd16... (*no\n+00009c50: 7465 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a te initrd16::),.\n+00009c60: e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 ...multiboot_mod\n+00009c70: 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 756c 7469 ule..., ...multi\n+00009c80: 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 boot2_module... \n+00009c90: 6f72 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 or ...xnu_ramdis\n+00009ca0: 6be2 8099 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f k... depending o\n+00009cb0: 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204e n.the loader. N\n+00009cc0: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 ote that for kne\n+00009cd0: 7462 7364 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 206d tbsd the image m\n+00009ce0: 7573 7420 6265 2070 7574 2069 6e73 6964 ust be put insid\n+00009cf0: 650a 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 e.miniroot.kmod \n+00009d00: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 and the whole mi\n+00009d10: 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 niroot.kmod has \n+00009d20: 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 to be loaded. I\n+00009d30: 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f n kopenbsd.paylo\n+00009d40: 6164 2074 6869 7320 6973 2064 6973 6162 ad this is disab\n+00009d50: 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 led by default. \n+00009d60: 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 Additionally, b\n+00009d70: 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 696e 6974 ehaviour of init\n+00009d80: 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 7065 ial.ramdisk depe\n+00009d90: 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c nds on command l\n+00009da0: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 ine options. Se\n+00009db0: 7665 7261 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f veral distributo\n+00009dc0: 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 0a74 6865 2069 rs provide.the i\n+00009dd0: 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7075 mage for this pu\n+00009de0: 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 7427 7320 696e rpose or it's in\n+00009df0: 7465 6772 6174 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6569 tegrated in thei\n+00009e00: 7220 7374 616e 6461 7264 2072 616d 6469 r standard ramdi\n+00009e10: 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 sk.and activated\n+00009e20: 2062 7920 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 by special opti\n+00009e30: 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 on. Consult you\n+00009e40: 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2064 6973 r kernel and dis\n+00009e50: 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c tribution.manual\n+00009e60: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c for more detail\n+00009e70: 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 s. Other loader\n+00009e80: 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c s like ...applel\n+00009e90: 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 9863 6861 oader...,....cha\n+00009ea0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2842 494f inloader... (BIO\n+00009eb0: 532c 2045 4649 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 S, EFI, coreboot\n+00009ec0: 292c 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 ), ...freedos...\n+00009ed0: 2c20 e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 992c 20e2 , ...ntldr..., .\n+00009ee0: 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 ..plan9... and..\n+00009ef0: 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 2070 ..truecrypt... p\n+00009f00: 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 rovide no possib\n+00009f10: 696c 6974 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 ility of loading\n+00009f20: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b initial ramdisk\n+00009f30: 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 720a 6173 2061 and as far.as a\n+00009f40: 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 uthor is aware t\n+00009f50: 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 2071 he payloads in q\n+00009f60: 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 uestion don't su\n+00009f70: 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 pport either ini\n+00009f80: 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 tial.ramdisk or \n+00009f90: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 discovering loop\n+00009fa0: 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 back boot in oth\n+00009fb0: 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 er way and as su\n+00009fc0: 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 ch not.bootable \n+00009fd0: 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 this way. Pleas\n+00009fe0: 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 2061 6c74 6572 e consider alter\n+00009ff0: 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 native boot meth\n+0000a000: 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 ods like.copying\n+0000a010: 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 all files from \n+0000a020: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 the image to act\n+0000a030: 7561 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 ual partition. \n+0000a040: 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f 530a Consult your OS.\n+0000a050: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f documentation fo\n+0000a060: 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a r more details..\n+0000a070: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0000a080: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 564d 2063 fo, Node: LVM c\n+0000a090: 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e ache booting, N\n+0000a0a0: 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 ext: OS-specific\n+0000a0b0: 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c notes, Prev: L\n+0000a0c0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c oopback booting,\n+0000a0d0: 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 Up: Booting..5\n+0000a0e0: 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 .3 Booting from \n+0000a0f0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n+0000a100: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l volume.=======\n 0000a110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-0000a130: 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f The LVM cache lo\n-0000a140: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 gical volume is \n-0000a150: 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 the logical volu\n-0000a160: 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 696e 6720 6f66 me consisting of\n-0000a170: 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 616e the.original an\n-0000a180: 6420 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c d the cache pool\n-0000a190: 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 652e logical volume.\n-0000a1a0: 2020 5468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2069 The original i\n-0000a1b0: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c s usually on.a l\n-0000a1c0: 6172 6765 7220 616e 6420 736c 6f77 6572 arger and slower\n-0000a1d0: 2073 746f 7261 6765 2064 6576 6963 6520 storage device \n-0000a1e0: 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 while the cache \n-0000a1f0: 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 pool is on a sma\n-0000a200: 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 7465 7220 ller.and faster \n-0000a210: 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 6520 7065 7266 6f72 one. The perfor\n-0000a220: 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7269 mance of the ori\n-0000a230: 6769 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 616e ginal volume can\n-0000a240: 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 be improved.by \n-0000a250: 7374 6f72 696e 6720 7468 6520 6672 6571 storing the freq\n-0000a260: 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6461 7461 uently used data\n-0000a270: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f on the cache po\n-0000a280: 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 696c 697a 6520 7468 ol to utilize th\n-0000a290: 650a 6772 6561 7465 7220 7065 7266 6f72 e.greater perfor\n-0000a2a0: 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 6173 7465 7220 mance of faster \n-0000a2b0: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 device... GRUB\n-0000a2c0: 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 boots from LVM \n-0000a2d0: 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f cache logical vo\n-0000a2e0: 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 656c 7920 6279 2072 lume merely by r\n-0000a2f0: 6561 6469 6e67 2069 7427 730a 6f72 6967 eading it's.orig\n-0000a300: 696e 616c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c inal logical vol\n-0000a310: 756d 6520 736f 2074 6861 7420 6469 7274 ume so that dirt\n-0000a320: 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 6361 6368 6520 y data in cache \n-0000a330: 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 0a64 pool volume is.d\n-0000a340: 6973 7265 6761 7264 6564 2e20 2054 6869 isregarded. Thi\n-0000a350: 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2070 726f 626c s is not a probl\n-0000a360: 656d 2066 6f72 2022 7772 6974 6574 6872 em for \"writethr\n-0000a370: 6f75 6768 2220 6361 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 ough\" cache mode\n-0000a380: 2061 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 6573 2074 as it.ensures t\n-0000a390: 6861 7420 616e 7920 6461 7461 2077 7269 hat any data wri\n-0000a3a0: 7474 656e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 746f tten will be sto\n-0000a3b0: 7265 6420 626f 7468 206f 6e20 7468 6520 red both on the \n-0000a3c0: 6361 6368 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f72 cache and the.or\n-0000a3d0: 6967 696e 204c 562e 2046 6f72 2074 6865 igin LV. For the\n-0000a3e0: 206f 7468 6572 2063 6163 6865 206d 6f64 other cache mod\n-0000a3f0: 6520 2277 7269 7465 6261 636b 222c 2077 e \"writeback\", w\n-0000a400: 6869 6368 2064 656c 6179 7320 7772 6974 hich delays writ\n-0000a410: 696e 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 6163 ing.from the cac\n-0000a420: 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b 2074 6f20 he pool back to \n-0000a430: 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 204c 5620 746f the origin LV to\n-0000a440: 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e boost performan\n-0000a450: 6365 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a66 6169 ce, GRUB may.fai\n-0000a460: 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 l to boot in the\n-0000a470: 2077 616b 6520 6f66 2061 6363 6964 656e wake of acciden\n-0000a480: 7461 6c20 706f 7765 7220 6f75 7461 6765 tal power outage\n-0000a490: 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 due to it's.ina\n-0000a4a0: 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 bility to assemb\n-0000a4b0: 6c65 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2064 6576 le the cache dev\n-0000a4c0: 6963 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 ice for reading \n-0000a4d0: 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2064 6972 the required dir\n-0000a4e0: 7479 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 6674 2062 6568 ty.data left beh\n-0000a4f0: 696e 642e 2020 5468 6520 7369 7475 6174 ind. The situat\n-0000a500: 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696d 7072 ion will be impr\n-0000a510: 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 2061 6464 696e oved after addin\n-0000a520: 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2074 g full.support t\n-0000a530: 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 o the LVM cache \n-0000a540: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 logical volume i\n-0000a550: 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f n the future....\n-0000a560: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0000a570: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 532d 7370 6563 , Node: OS-spec\n-0000a580: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 ific notes, Pre\n-0000a590: 763a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f v: LVM cache boo\n-0000a5a0: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 ting, Up: Booti\n-0000a5b0: 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 536f 6d65 2063 6176 ng..5.4 Some cav\n-0000a5c0: 6561 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 eats on OS-speci\n-0000a5d0: 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d fic issues.=====\n+0000a120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0000a130: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 ==..The LVM cach\n+0000a140: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n+0000a150: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 is the logical \n+0000a160: 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 696e volume consistin\n+0000a170: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 g of the.origina\n+0000a180: 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 l and the cache \n+0000a190: 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c pool logical vol\n+0000a1a0: 756d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6f72 6967 696e ume. The origin\n+0000a1b0: 616c 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e al is usually on\n+0000a1c0: 0a61 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e 6420 736c .a larger and sl\n+0000a1d0: 6f77 6572 2073 746f 7261 6765 2064 6576 ower storage dev\n+0000a1e0: 6963 6520 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 6361 ice while the ca\n+0000a1f0: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 che pool is on a\n+0000a200: 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 smaller.and fas\n+0000a210: 7465 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 6520 7065 ter one. The pe\n+0000a220: 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 rformance of the\n+0000a230: 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 original volume\n+0000a240: 2063 616e 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 can be improved\n+0000a250: 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 696e 6720 7468 6520 .by storing the \n+0000a260: 6672 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 frequently used \n+0000a270: 6461 7461 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 data on the cach\n+0000a280: 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 696c 697a e pool to utiliz\n+0000a290: 6520 7468 650a 6772 6561 7465 7220 7065 e the.greater pe\n+0000a2a0: 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 6173 rformance of fas\n+0000a2b0: 7465 7220 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 ter device... \n+0000a2c0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d20 GRUB boots from \n+0000a2d0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n+0000a2e0: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 656c 7920 l volume merely \n+0000a2f0: 6279 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 7427 730a by reading it's.\n+0000a300: 6f72 6967 696e 616c 206c 6f67 6963 616c original logical\n+0000a310: 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 736f 2074 6861 7420 volume so that \n+0000a320: 6469 7274 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 6361 dirty data in ca\n+0000a330: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 che pool volume \n+0000a340: 6973 0a64 6973 7265 6761 7264 6564 2e20 is.disregarded. \n+0000a350: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2070 This is not a p\n+0000a360: 726f 626c 656d 2066 6f72 2022 7772 6974 roblem for \"writ\n+0000a370: 6574 6872 6f75 6768 2220 6361 6368 6520 ethrough\" cache \n+0000a380: 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 mode as it.ensur\n+0000a390: 6573 2074 6861 7420 616e 7920 6461 7461 es that any data\n+0000a3a0: 2077 7269 7474 656e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 written will be\n+0000a3b0: 2073 746f 7265 6420 626f 7468 206f 6e20 stored both on \n+0000a3c0: 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 616e 6420 7468 the cache and th\n+0000a3d0: 650a 6f72 6967 696e 204c 562e 2046 6f72 e.origin LV. For\n+0000a3e0: 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 2063 6163 6865 the other cache\n+0000a3f0: 206d 6f64 6520 2277 7269 7465 6261 636b mode \"writeback\n+0000a400: 222c 2077 6869 6368 2064 656c 6179 7320 \", which delays \n+0000a410: 7772 6974 696e 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 writing.from the\n+0000a420: 2063 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b cache pool back\n+0000a430: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 204c to the origin L\n+0000a440: 5620 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 666f V to boost perfo\n+0000a450: 726d 616e 6365 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 rmance, GRUB may\n+0000a460: 0a66 6169 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e .fail to boot in\n+0000a470: 2074 6865 2077 616b 6520 6f66 2061 6363 the wake of acc\n+0000a480: 6964 656e 7461 6c20 706f 7765 7220 6f75 idental power ou\n+0000a490: 7461 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6974 2773 tage due to it's\n+0000a4a0: 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6173 .inability to as\n+0000a4b0: 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 semble the cache\n+0000a4c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 device for read\n+0000a4d0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 ing the required\n+0000a4e0: 2064 6972 7479 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 6674 dirty.data left\n+0000a4f0: 2062 6568 696e 642e 2020 5468 6520 7369 behind. The si\n+0000a500: 7475 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 tuation will be \n+0000a510: 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 2061 improved after a\n+0000a520: 6464 696e 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f dding full.suppo\n+0000a530: 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 rt to the LVM ca\n+0000a540: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n+0000a550: 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 me in the future\n+0000a560: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0000a570: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 532d info, Node: OS-\n+0000a580: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 specific notes, \n+0000a590: 2050 7265 763a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 Prev: LVM cache\n+0000a5a0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2042 booting, Up: B\n+0000a5b0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 536f 6d65 ooting..5.4 Some\n+0000a5c0: 2063 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 caveats on OS-s\n+0000a5d0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 0a3d pecific issues.=\n 0000a5e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0000a5f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a600: 3d0a 0a48 6572 652c 2077 6520 6465 7363 =..Here, we desc\n-0000a610: 7269 6265 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 6174 ribe some caveat\n-0000a620: 7320 6f6e 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7065 s on several ope\n-0000a630: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a rating systems..\n-0000a640: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f .* Menu:..* GNU/\n-0000a650: 4875 7264 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e Hurd::.* GNU/Lin\n-0000a660: 7578 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 443a 3a0a ux::.* NetBSD::.\n-0000a670: 2a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a * DOS/Windows::.\n-0000a680: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0000a690: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 fo, Node: GNU/H\n-0000a6a0: 7572 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 474e 552f urd, Next: GNU/\n-0000a6b0: 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 Linux, Up: OS-s\n-0000a6c0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 pecific notes..5\n-0000a6d0: 2e34 2e31 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d .4.1 GNU/Hurd.--\n-0000a6e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 ------------..Si\n-0000a6f0: 6e63 6520 474e 552f 4875 7264 2069 7320 nce GNU/Hurd is \n-0000a700: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 Multiboot-compli\n-0000a710: 616e 742c 2069 7420 6973 2065 6173 7920 ant, it is easy \n-0000a720: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 7468 6572 to boot it; ther\n-0000a730: 6520 6973 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 7065 e is.nothing spe\n-0000a740: 6369 616c 2061 626f 7574 2069 742e 2020 cial about it. \n-0000a750: 4275 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 But do not forge\n-0000a760: 7420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 t that you have \n-0000a770: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f to specify a.roo\n-0000a780: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 t partition to t\n-0000a790: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e he kernel... 1.\n-0000a7a0: 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 Set GRUB's root\n-0000a7b0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 device to the s\n-0000a7c0: 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 ame drive as GNU\n-0000a7d0: 2f48 7572 6427 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 /Hurd's. The. \n-0000a7e0: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 command ...se\n-0000a7f0: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n-0000a800: 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 --file /boot/gnu\n-0000a810: 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 7369 mach.gz... or si\n-0000a820: 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2068 milar may. h\n-0000a830: 656c 7020 796f 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 elp you (*note s\n-0000a840: 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 earch::)... 2. \n-0000a850: 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 Load the kernel \n-0000a860: 616e 6420 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c and the modules,\n-0000a870: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n-0000a880: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d 756c grub> mul\n-0000a890: 7469 626f 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 tiboot /boot/gnu\n-0000a8a0: 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 mach.gz root=dev\n-0000a8b0: 6963 653a 6864 3073 310a 2020 2020 2020 ice:hd0s1. \n-0000a8c0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 grub> module\n-0000a8d0: 2020 2f68 7572 642f 6578 7432 6673 2e73 /hurd/ext2fs.s\n-0000a8e0: 7461 7469 6320 6578 7432 6673 202d 2d72 tatic ext2fs --r\n-0000a8f0: 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 eadonly \\. \n+0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 652c 2077 6520 =====..Here, we \n+0000a610: 6465 7363 7269 6265 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 describe some ca\n+0000a620: 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 6576 6572 616c veats on several\n+0000a630: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+0000a640: 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ms...* Menu:..* \n+0000a650: 474e 552f 4875 7264 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 GNU/Hurd::.* GNU\n+0000a660: 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 /Linux::.* NetBS\n+0000a670: 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 D::.* DOS/Window\n+0000a680: 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 s::....File: gru\n+0000a690: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 b.info, Node: G\n+0000a6a0: 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 NU/Hurd, Next: \n+0000a6b0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 GNU/Linux, Up: \n+0000a6c0: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 OS-specific note\n+0000a6d0: 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 s..5.4.1 GNU/Hur\n+0000a6e0: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n+0000a6f0: 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 474e 552f 4875 7264 ..Since GNU/Hurd\n+0000a700: 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f is Multiboot-co\n+0000a710: 6d70 6c69 616e 742c 2069 7420 6973 2065 mpliant, it is e\n+0000a720: 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 asy to boot it; \n+0000a730: 7468 6572 6520 6973 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 there is.nothing\n+0000a740: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2061 626f 7574 2069 special about i\n+0000a750: 742e 2020 4275 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2066 t. But do not f\n+0000a760: 6f72 6765 7420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2068 orget that you h\n+0000a770: 6176 6520 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 ave to specify a\n+0000a780: 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 .root partition \n+0000a790: 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a to the kernel...\n+0000a7a0: 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 1. Set GRUB's \n+0000a7b0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 root device to t\n+0000a7c0: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 he same drive as\n+0000a7d0: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 732e 2020 5468 GNU/Hurd's. Th\n+0000a7e0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 e. command .\n+0000a7f0: 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 ..search --set=r\n+0000a800: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 oot --file /boot\n+0000a810: 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f /gnumach.gz... o\n+0000a820: 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 790a 2020 r similar may. \n+0000a830: 2020 2068 656c 7020 796f 7520 282a 6e6f help you (*no\n+0000a840: 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 te search::)... \n+0000a850: 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 2. Load the ker\n+0000a860: 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 nel and the modu\n+0000a870: 6c65 732c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a les, like this:.\n+0000a880: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0000a890: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 multiboot /boot\n+0000a8a0: 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 /gnumach.gz root\n+0000a8b0: 3d64 6576 6963 653a 6864 3073 310a 2020 =device:hd0s1. \n+0000a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f grub> mo\n+0000a8d0: 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 642f 6578 7432 dule /hurd/ext2\n+0000a8e0: 6673 2e73 7461 7469 6320 6578 7432 6673 fs.static ext2fs\n+0000a8f0: 202d 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 --readonly \\. \n 0000a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 626f --multibo\n-0000a920: 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d ot-command-line=\n-0000a930: 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e '${kernel-comman\n-0000a940: 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 d-line}' \\. \n+0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d6d 756c --mul\n+0000a920: 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c tiboot-command-l\n+0000a930: 696e 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f ine='${kernel-co\n+0000a940: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 mmand-line}' \\. \n 0000a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 --host-p\n-0000a970: 7269 762d 706f 7274 3d27 247b 686f 7374 riv-port='${host\n-0000a980: 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 -port}' \\. \n+0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 686f --ho\n+0000a970: 7374 2d70 7269 762d 706f 7274 3d27 247b st-priv-port='${\n+0000a980: 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 host-port}' \\. \n 0000a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 6576 6963 652d --device-\n-0000a9b0: 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 master-port='${d\n-0000a9c0: 6576 6963 652d 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 evice-port}' \\. \n-0000a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 --ex\n-0000a9f0: 6563 2d73 6572 7665 722d 7461 736b 3d27 ec-server-task='\n-0000aa00: 247b 6578 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 ${exec-task}' -T\n-0000aa10: 2074 7970 6564 2027 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 typed '${root}'\n-0000aa20: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 6576 --dev\n+0000a9b0: 6963 652d 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 743d ice-master-port=\n+0000a9c0: 2724 7b64 6576 6963 652d 706f 7274 7d27 '${device-port}'\n+0000a9d0: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a9f0: 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 6572 7665 722d 7461 --exec-server-ta\n+0000aa00: 736b 3d27 247b 6578 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d sk='${exec-task}\n+0000aa10: 2720 2d54 2074 7970 6564 2027 247b 726f ' -T typed '${ro\n+0000aa20: 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot}' \\. \n 0000aa30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa40: 2724 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 '$(task-create)'\n-0000aa50: 2027 2428 7461 736b 2d72 6573 756d 6529 '$(task-resume)\n-0000aa60: 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 '. grub\n-0000aa70: 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 > module /lib/ld\n-0000aa80: 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 202f 6875 7264 .so.1 exec /hurd\n-0000aa90: 2f65 7865 6320 2724 2865 7865 632d 7461 /exec '$(exec-ta\n-0000aaa0: 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 sk=task-create)'\n-0000aab0: 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 .. 3. Finally, \n-0000aac0: 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 run the command \n-0000aad0: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...boot... (*not\n-0000aae0: 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e boot::).....Fi\n-0000aaf0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0000ab00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c Node: GNU/Linux,\n-0000ab10: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 Next: NetBSD, \n-0000ab20: 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c Prev: GNU/Hurd,\n-0000ab30: 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Up: OS-specifi\n-0000ab40: 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 c notes..5.4.2 G\n-0000ab50: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d NU/Linux.-------\n-0000ab60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 --------..It is \n-0000ab70: 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 7920 relatively easy \n-0000ab80: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 to boot GNU/Linu\n-0000ab90: 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422c 2062 6563 x from GRUB, bec\n-0000aba0: 6175 7365 2069 7420 736f 6d65 7768 6174 ause it somewhat\n-0000abb0: 0a72 6573 656d 626c 6573 2074 6f20 626f .resembles to bo\n-0000abc0: 6f74 2061 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 ot a Multiboot-c\n-0000abd0: 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 ompliant OS... \n-0000abe0: 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 1. Set GRUB's ro\n-0000abf0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 ot device to the\n-0000ac00: 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 same drive as G\n-0000ac10: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 2e20 2054 6865 NU/Linux's. The\n-0000ac20: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 . command ..\n-0000ac30: 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f .search --set=ro\n-0000ac40: 6f74 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e ot --file /vmlin\n-0000ac50: 757a e280 9920 6f72 2073 696d 696c 6172 uz... or similar\n-0000ac60: 206d 6179 2068 656c 7020 796f 750a 2020 may help you. \n-0000ac70: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 (*note search\n-0000ac80: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 ::)... 2. Load \n-0000ac90: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 the kernel using\n-0000aca0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 the command ...\n-0000acb0: 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 linux... (*note \n-0000acc0: 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 linux::):.. \n-0000acd0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 grub> linux\n-0000ace0: 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f /vmlinuz root=/\n-0000acf0: 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 dev/sda1.. I\n-0000ad00: 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 f you need to sp\n-0000ad10: 6563 6966 7920 736f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 ecify some kerne\n-0000ad20: 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 l parameters, ju\n-0000ad30: 7374 2061 7070 656e 6420 7468 656d 2074 st append them t\n-0000ad40: 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 o. the comma\n-0000ad50: 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 nd. For example\n-0000ad60: 2c20 746f 2073 6574 20e2 8098 6163 7069 , to set ...acpi\n-0000ad70: e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 ... to ...off...\n-0000ad80: 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 , do this:.. \n-0000ad90: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 grub> linu\n-0000ada0: 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d x /vmlinuz root=\n-0000adb0: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f /dev/sda1 acpi=o\n-0000adc0: 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 2074 6865 ff.. See the\n-0000add0: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 documentation i\n-0000ade0: 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 736f 7572 n the Linux sour\n-0000adf0: 6365 2074 7265 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 ce tree for comp\n-0000ae00: 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d lete. inform\n-0000ae10: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 7661 ation on the ava\n-0000ae20: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a ilable options..\n-0000ae30: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 . With ...li\n-0000ae40: 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 nux... GRUB uses\n-0000ae50: 2033 322d 6269 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 32-bit protocol\n-0000ae60: 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 2073 6572 . Some BIOS ser\n-0000ae70: 7669 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 vices like. \n-0000ae80: 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 2061 7265 6e27 APM or EDD aren'\n-0000ae90: 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 t available with\n-0000aea0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 this protocol. \n-0000aeb0: 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 796f In this case yo\n-0000aec0: 750a 2020 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 u. need to u\n-0000aed0: 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 se ...linux16...\n-0000aee0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-0000aef0: 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e > linux16 /vmlin\n-0000af00: 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 uz root=/dev/sda\n-0000af10: 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 1 acpi=off.. 3.\n-0000af20: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 616e 2069 If you use an i\n-0000af30: 6e69 7472 642c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 nitrd, execute t\n-0000af40: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 696e he command ...in\n-0000af50: 6974 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 itrd... (*note i\n-0000af60: 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 6166 nitrd::). af\n-0000af70: 7465 7220 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 993a ter ...linux...:\n-0000af80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-0000af90: 3e20 696e 6974 7264 202f 696e 6974 7264 > initrd /initrd\n-0000afa0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 .. If you us\n-0000afb0: 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 ed ...linux16...\n-0000afc0: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 you need to use\n-0000afd0: 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 993a ...initrd16...:\n-0000afe0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-0000aff0: 3e20 696e 6974 7264 3136 202f 696e 6974 > initrd16 /init\n-0000b000: 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 rd.. 4. Finally\n-0000b010: 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e , run the comman\n-0000b020: 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e d ...boot... (*n\n-0000b030: 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a ote boot::).....\n-0000b040: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0000b050: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 Node: NetBSD, \n-0000b060: 204e 6578 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f Next: DOS/Windo\n-0000b070: 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c ws, Prev: GNU/L\n-0000b080: 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 inux, Up: OS-sp\n-0000b090: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e ecific notes..5.\n-0000b0a0: 342e 3320 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.3 NetBSD.-----\n-0000b0b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 -------..Booting\n-0000b0c0: 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c a NetBSD kernel\n-0000b0d0: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2069 7320 616c from GRUB is al\n-0000b0e0: 736f 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c 7920 6561 so relatively ea\n-0000b0f0: 7379 3a20 6669 7273 7420 7365 740a 4752 sy: first set.GR\n-0000b100: 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 UB's root device\n-0000b110: 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 , then load the \n-0000b120: 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206d kernel and the m\n-0000b130: 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6e61 odules, and fina\n-0000b140: 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 lly.run ...boot.\n-0000b150: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 ..... 1. Set GR\n-0000b160: 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 UB's root device\n-0000b170: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f to the partitio\n-0000b180: 6e20 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 4e65 n holding the Ne\n-0000b190: 7442 5344 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 tBSD root. f\n-0000b1a0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 ile system. For\n-0000b1b0: 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 2061 204e a disk with a N\n-0000b1c0: 6574 4253 4420 6469 736b 206c 6162 656c etBSD disk label\n-0000b1d0: 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c , this is usuall\n-0000b1e0: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 y. the first\n-0000b1f0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 613a 292e partition (a:).\n-0000b200: 2020 496e 2074 6861 7420 6361 7365 2c20 In that case, \n-0000b210: 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 and assuming tha\n-0000b220: 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 t the. parti\n-0000b230: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 tion is on the f\n-0000b240: 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 irst hard disk, \n-0000b250: 7365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 set GRUB's root \n-0000b260: 6465 7669 6365 2061 730a 2020 2020 2066 device as. f\n-0000b270: 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ollows:.. \n-0000b280: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 grub> insmod \n-0000b290: 7061 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 part_bsd. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f grub> set roo\n-0000b2b0: 743d 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a t=(hd0,netbsd1).\n-0000b2c0: 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 736b . For a disk\n-0000b2d0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 4755 4944 2050 6172 with a GUID Par\n-0000b2e0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 tition Table (GP\n-0000b2f0: 5429 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 T), and assuming\n-0000b300: 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 204e that the. N\n-0000b310: 6574 4253 4420 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 etBSD root parti\n-0000b320: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 6520 7468 6972 tion is the thir\n-0000b330: 6420 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c d GPT partition,\n-0000b340: 2064 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 do this:.. \n-0000b350: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f grub> insmo\n-0000b360: 6420 7061 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 2020 d part_gpt. \n-0000b370: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 grub> set r\n-0000b380: 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a oot=(hd0,gpt3)..\n-0000b390: 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 2. Load the ke\n-0000b3a0: 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 rnel using the c\n-0000b3b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 ommand ...knetbs\n-0000b3c0: 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d...:.. \n-0000b3d0: 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f grub> knetbsd /\n-0000b3e0: 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 6172 netbsd.. Var\n-0000b3f0: 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 ious options may\n-0000b400: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 be given to ...\n-0000b410: 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 knetbsd.... The\n-0000b420: 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 se options are, \n-0000b430: 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 6f73 for. the mos\n-0000b440: 7420 7061 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 t part, the same\n-0000b450: 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 as in the NetBS\n-0000b460: 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 D boot loader. \n-0000b470: 466f 720a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 For. instanc\n-0000b480: 652c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2073 e, to boot the s\n-0000b490: 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2073 696e 676c 652d ystem in single-\n-0000b4a0: 7573 6572 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 7769 user mode and wi\n-0000b4b0: 7468 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 th verbose. \n-0000b4c0: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 646f 2074 6869 messages, do thi\n-0000b4d0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 s:.. gr\n-0000b4e0: 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 ub> knetbsd /net\n-0000b4f0: 6273 6420 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 bsd -s -v.. 3. \n-0000b500: 4966 206e 6565 6465 642c 206c 6f61 6420 If needed, load \n-0000b510: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2077 kernel modules w\n-0000b520: 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a ith the command.\n-0000b530: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f ...knetbsd_\n-0000b540: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 992e 2020 module_elf.... \n-0000b550: 4120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d 706c A typical exampl\n-0000b560: 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 e is the module \n-0000b570: 666f 7220 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 for the root. \n-0000b580: 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a file system:..\n-0000b590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n-0000b5a0: 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 knetbsd_module_e\n-0000b5b0: 6c66 202f 7374 616e 642f 616d 6436 342f lf /stand/amd64/\n-0000b5c0: 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6.0/modules/ffs/\n-0000b5d0: 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 ffs.kmod.. 4. F\n-0000b5e0: 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 inally, run the \n-0000b5f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 command ...boot.\n-0000b600: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a .. (*note boot::\n-0000b610: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-0000b620: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f .info, Node: DO\n-0000b630: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 5072 6576 S/Windows, Prev\n-0000b640: 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2055 703a 204f : NetBSD, Up: O\n-0000b650: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n-0000b660: 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 444f 532f 5769 6e64 ..5.4.4 DOS/Wind\n-0000b670: 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ows.------------\n-0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6361 6e6e -----..GRUB cann\n-0000b690: 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 6f72 2057 ot boot DOS or W\n-0000b6a0: 696e 646f 7773 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c indows directly,\n-0000b6b0: 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2063 6861 so you must cha\n-0000b6c0: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e in-load them.(*n\n-0000b6d0: 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e ote Chain-loadin\n-0000b6e0: 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 g::). However, \n-0000b6f0: 7468 6569 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 their boot loade\n-0000b700: 7273 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2063 7269 rs have some cri\n-0000b710: 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 656e 6369 tical.deficienci\n-0000b720: 6573 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f es, so it may no\n-0000b730: 7420 776f 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 t work to just c\n-0000b740: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2e20 hain-load them. \n-0000b750: 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 To overcome.the\n-0000b760: 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2047 5255 4220 problems, GRUB \n-0000b770: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 provides you wit\n-0000b780: 6820 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e h two helper fun\n-0000b790: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 ctions... If y\n-0000b7a0: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 ou have installe\n-0000b7b0: 6420 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 d DOS (or Window\n-0000b7c0: 7329 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 s) on a non-firs\n-0000b7d0: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 t hard disk, you\n-0000b7e0: 0a68 6176 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 .have to use the\n-0000b7f0: 2064 6973 6b20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2074 disk swapping t\n-0000b800: 6563 686e 6971 7565 2c20 6265 6361 7573 echnique, becaus\n-0000b810: 6520 7468 6174 204f 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 e that OS cannot\n-0000b820: 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 boot.from any d\n-0000b830: 6973 6b73 2062 7574 2074 6865 2066 6972 isks but the fir\n-0000b840: 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6f72 st one. The wor\n-0000b850: 6b61 726f 756e 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 karound used in \n-0000b860: 4752 5542 2069 7320 7468 650a 636f 6d6d GRUB is the.comm\n-0000b870: 616e 6420 e280 9864 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 and ...drivemap.\n-0000b880: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d .. (*note drivem\n-0000b890: 6170 3a3a 292c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 ap::), like this\n-0000b8a0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 :.. drivemap\n-0000b8b0: 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a -s (hd0) (hd1).\n-0000b8c0: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d . This perform\n-0000b8d0: 7320 6120 e280 9c76 6972 7475 616c e280 s a ...virtual..\n-0000b8e0: 9d20 7377 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2079 . swap between y\n-0000b8f0: 6f75 7220 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 7365 our first and se\n-0000b900: 636f 6e64 2068 6172 640a 6472 6976 652e cond hard.drive.\n-0000b910: 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 .. *Caution:* \n-0000b920: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6566 6665 6374 6976 This is effectiv\n-0000b930: 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 444f 5320 286f e only if DOS (o\n-0000b940: 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 7365 7320 r Windows) uses \n-0000b950: 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 2074 BIOS to.access t\n-0000b960: 6865 2073 7761 7070 6564 2064 6973 6b73 he swapped disks\n-0000b970: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6174 204f 5320 7573 . If that OS us\n-0000b980: 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 es a special dri\n-0000b990: 7665 7220 666f 7220 7468 650a 6469 736b ver for the.disk\n-0000b9a0: 732c 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 s, this probably\n-0000b9b0: 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 won't work... \n-0000b9c0: 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 726f 626c 656d Another problem\n-0000b9d0: 2061 7269 7365 7320 6966 2079 6f75 2069 arises if you i\n-0000b9e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 6520 7468 nstalled more th\n-0000b9f0: 616e 206f 6e65 2073 6574 206f 660a 444f an one set of.DO\n-0000ba00: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f 206f S/Windows onto o\n-0000ba10: 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 ne disk, because\n-0000ba20: 2074 6865 7920 636f 756c 6420 6265 2063 they could be c\n-0000ba30: 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 onfused if there\n-0000ba40: 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f are.more than o\n-0000ba50: 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 ne primary parti\n-0000ba60: 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 444f 532f 5769 tions for DOS/Wi\n-0000ba70: 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 4365 7274 6169 6e6c ndows. Certainl\n-0000ba80: 7920 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f y you should.avo\n-0000ba90: 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2062 id doing this, b\n-0000baa0: 7574 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 736f ut there is a so\n-0000bab0: 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 796f 7520 646f lution if you do\n-0000bac0: 2077 616e 7420 746f 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 want to do so. \n-0000bad0: 2055 7365 0a74 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 Use.the partiti\n-0000bae0: 6f6e 2068 6964 696e 672f 756e 6869 6469 on hiding/unhidi\n-0000baf0: 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 ng technique... \n-0000bb00: 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c68 6964 If GRUB ...hid\n-0000bb10: 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 7220 es... a DOS (or \n-0000bb20: 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 Windows) partiti\n-0000bb30: 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7274 746f on (*note partto\n-0000bb40: 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 ol::), DOS.(or W\n-0000bb50: 696e 646f 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 676e indows) will ign\n-0000bb60: 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ore the partitio\n-0000bb70: 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c75 n. If GRUB ...u\n-0000bb80: 6e68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 nhides... a DOS \n-0000bb90: 286f 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 (or.Windows) par\n-0000bba0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 286f 7220 tition, DOS (or \n-0000bbb0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6465 Windows) will de\n-0000bbc0: 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 tect the partiti\n-0000bbd0: 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 732c 0a69 6620 796f on. Thus,.if yo\n-0000bbe0: 7520 6861 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 u have installed\n-0000bbf0: 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 DOS (or Windows\n-0000bc00: 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2061 ) on the first a\n-0000bc10: 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 nd the second.pa\n-0000bc20: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 rtition of the f\n-0000bc30: 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 irst hard disk, \n-0000bc40: 616e 6420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 and you want to \n-0000bc50: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e boot the copy on\n-0000bc60: 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the.first parti\n-0000bc70: 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c tion, do the fol\n-0000bc80: 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7061 lowing:.. pa\n-0000bc90: 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3129 2068 rttool (hd0,1) h\n-0000bca0: 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 idden-. part\n-0000bcb0: 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3229 2068 6964 tool (hd0,2) hid\n-0000bcc0: 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f den+. set ro\n-0000bcd0: 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 ot=(hd0,1). \n-0000bce0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 chainloader +1. \n-0000bcf0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 parttool ${r\n-0000bd00: 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 2020 oot} boot+. \n-0000bd10: 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 boot....File: gr\n-0000bd20: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0000bd30: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 Configuration, \n-0000bd40: 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 Next: Theme file\n-0000bd50: 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 format, Prev: \n-0000bd60: 426f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f Booting, Up: To\n-0000bd70: 700a 0a36 2057 7269 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 p..6 Writing you\n-0000bd80: 7220 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 r own configurat\n-0000bd90: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ion file.*******\n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2724 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 '$(task-crea\n+0000aa50: 7465 2927 2027 2428 7461 736b 2d72 6573 te)' '$(task-res\n+0000aa60: 756d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ume)'. \n+0000aa70: 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 grub> module /li\n+0000aa80: 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 202f b/ld.so.1 exec /\n+0000aa90: 6875 7264 2f65 7865 6320 2724 2865 7865 hurd/exec '$(exe\n+0000aaa0: 632d 7461 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 c-task=task-crea\n+0000aab0: 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 696e 616c te)'.. 3. Final\n+0000aac0: 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d ly, run the comm\n+0000aad0: 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 and ...boot... (\n+0000aae0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a *note boot::)...\n+0000aaf0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0000ab00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 o, Node: GNU/Li\n+0000ab10: 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 nux, Next: NetB\n+0000ab20: 5344 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 SD, Prev: GNU/H\n+0000ab30: 7572 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 urd, Up: OS-spe\n+0000ab40: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 cific notes..5.4\n+0000ab50: 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d .2 GNU/Linux.---\n+0000ab60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 ------------..It\n+0000ab70: 2069 7320 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 is relatively e\n+0000ab80: 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 474e 552f asy to boot GNU/\n+0000ab90: 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422c Linux from GRUB,\n+0000aba0: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 736f 6d65 because it some\n+0000abb0: 7768 6174 0a72 6573 656d 626c 6573 2074 what.resembles t\n+0000abc0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 204d 756c 7469 626f o boot a Multibo\n+0000abd0: 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 204f 532e ot-compliant OS.\n+0000abe0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 .. 1. Set GRUB'\n+0000abf0: 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f s root device to\n+0000ac00: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 the same drive \n+0000ac10: 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 2e20 as GNU/Linux's. \n+0000ac20: 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e The. comman\n+0000ac30: 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 d ...search --se\n+0000ac40: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 t=root --file /v\n+0000ac50: 6d6c 696e 757a e280 9920 6f72 2073 696d mlinuz... or sim\n+0000ac60: 696c 6172 206d 6179 2068 656c 7020 796f ilar may help yo\n+0000ac70: 750a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 u. (*note se\n+0000ac80: 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c arch::)... 2. L\n+0000ac90: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 oad the kernel u\n+0000aca0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 sing the command\n+0000acb0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...linux... (*n\n+0000acc0: 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 ote linux::):.. \n+0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206c grub> l\n+0000ace0: 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f inux /vmlinuz ro\n+0000acf0: 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 ot=/dev/sda1.. \n+0000ad00: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 If you need t\n+0000ad10: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 736f 6d65 206b o specify some k\n+0000ad20: 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ernel parameters\n+0000ad30: 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 7070 656e 6420 7468 , just append th\n+0000ad40: 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 em to. the c\n+0000ad50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 ommand. For exa\n+0000ad60: 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 20e2 8098 mple, to set ...\n+0000ad70: 6163 7069 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 acpi... to ...of\n+0000ad80: 66e2 8099 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a f..., do this:..\n+0000ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000ada0: 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 linux /vmlinuz r\n+0000adb0: 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 oot=/dev/sda1 ac\n+0000adc0: 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 pi=off.. See\n+0000add0: 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 the documentati\n+0000ade0: 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 on in the Linux \n+0000adf0: 736f 7572 6365 2074 7265 6520 666f 7220 source tree for \n+0000ae00: 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e complete. in\n+0000ae10: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 formation on the\n+0000ae20: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7074 696f available optio\n+0000ae30: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 ns... With .\n+0000ae40: 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 5255 4220 ..linux... GRUB \n+0000ae50: 7573 6573 2033 322d 6269 7420 7072 6f74 uses 32-bit prot\n+0000ae60: 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 ocol. Some BIOS\n+0000ae70: 2073 6572 7669 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 services like. \n+0000ae80: 2020 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 2061 APM or EDD a\n+0000ae90: 7265 6e27 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 ren't available \n+0000aea0: 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 with this protoc\n+0000aeb0: 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 ol. In this cas\n+0000aec0: 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 206e 6565 6420 e you. need \n+0000aed0: 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 to use ...linux1\n+0000aee0: 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6..... \n+0000aef0: 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 grub> linux16 /v\n+0000af00: 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 mlinuz root=/dev\n+0000af10: 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a /sda1 acpi=off..\n+0000af20: 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 3. If you use \n+0000af30: 616e 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2065 7865 6375 an initrd, execu\n+0000af40: 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 te the command .\n+0000af50: 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ..initrd... (*no\n+0000af60: 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 te initrd::). \n+0000af70: 2020 6166 7465 7220 e280 986c 696e 7578 after ...linux\n+0000af80: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n+0000af90: 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 202f 696e grub> initrd /in\n+0000afa0: 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f itrd.. If yo\n+0000afb0: 7520 7573 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 u used ...linux1\n+0000afc0: 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 6... you need to\n+0000afd0: 2075 7365 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 use ...initrd16\n+0000afe0: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n+0000aff0: 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 3136 202f grub> initrd16 /\n+0000b000: 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e initrd.. 4. Fin\n+0000b010: 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f ally, run the co\n+0000b020: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 mmand ...boot...\n+0000b030: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e (*note boot::).\n+0000b040: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0000b050: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 nfo, Node: NetB\n+0000b060: 5344 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 SD, Next: DOS/W\n+0000b070: 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 indows, Prev: G\n+0000b080: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f NU/Linux, Up: O\n+0000b090: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+0000b0a0: 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d ..5.4.3 NetBSD.-\n+0000b0b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f -----------..Boo\n+0000b0c0: 7469 6e67 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 ting a NetBSD ke\n+0000b0d0: 726e 656c 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2069 rnel from GRUB i\n+0000b0e0: 7320 616c 736f 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c s also relativel\n+0000b0f0: 7920 6561 7379 3a20 6669 7273 7420 7365 y easy: first se\n+0000b100: 740a 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 t.GRUB's root de\n+0000b110: 7669 6365 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 vice, then load \n+0000b120: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2074 the kernel and t\n+0000b130: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 he modules, and \n+0000b140: 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 e280 9862 finally.run ...b\n+0000b150: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 oot...... 1. Se\n+0000b160: 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 t GRUB's root de\n+0000b170: 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 vice to the part\n+0000b180: 6974 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 ition holding th\n+0000b190: 6520 4e65 7442 5344 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 e NetBSD root. \n+0000b1a0: 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 file system. \n+0000b1b0: 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 For a disk with\n+0000b1c0: 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6469 736b 206c a NetBSD disk l\n+0000b1d0: 6162 656c 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7573 abel, this is us\n+0000b1e0: 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 ually. the f\n+0000b1f0: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 irst partition (\n+0000b200: 613a 292e 2020 496e 2074 6861 7420 6361 a:). In that ca\n+0000b210: 7365 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 se, and assuming\n+0000b220: 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 that the. p\n+0000b230: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 artition is on t\n+0000b240: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 he first hard di\n+0000b250: 736b 2c20 7365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 sk, set GRUB's r\n+0000b260: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2061 730a 2020 oot device as. \n+0000b270: 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 follows:.. \n+0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 grub> ins\n+0000b290: 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 mod part_bsd. \n+0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 grub> set\n+0000b2b0: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 root=(hd0,netbs\n+0000b2c0: 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6120 d1).. For a \n+0000b2d0: 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 4755 4944 disk with a GUID\n+0000b2e0: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 Partition Table\n+0000b2f0: 2028 4750 5429 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 (GPT), and assu\n+0000b300: 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 ming that the. \n+0000b310: 2020 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f 6f74 2070 NetBSD root p\n+0000b320: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 6520 artition is the \n+0000b330: 7468 6972 6420 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 third GPT partit\n+0000b340: 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 ion, do this:.. \n+0000b350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 grub> i\n+0000b360: 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 nsmod part_gpt. \n+0000b370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 grub> s\n+0000b380: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c67 7074 et root=(hd0,gpt\n+0000b390: 3329 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 3).. 2. Load th\n+0000b3a0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 e kernel using t\n+0000b3b0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e he command ...kn\n+0000b3c0: 6574 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 etbsd...:.. \n+0000b3d0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 grub> knetb\n+0000b3e0: 7364 202f 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 sd /netbsd.. \n+0000b3f0: 2056 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 Various options\n+0000b400: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 746f may be given to\n+0000b410: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 ...knetbsd.... \n+0000b420: 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 These options a\n+0000b430: 7265 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 re, for. the\n+0000b440: 206d 6f73 7420 7061 7274 2c20 7468 6520 most part, the \n+0000b450: 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 204e same as in the N\n+0000b460: 6574 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 etBSD boot loade\n+0000b470: 722e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 r. For. ins\n+0000b480: 7461 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 tance, to boot t\n+0000b490: 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2073 696e he system in sin\n+0000b4a0: 676c 652d 7573 6572 206d 6f64 6520 616e gle-user mode an\n+0000b4b0: 6420 7769 7468 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 d with verbose. \n+0000b4c0: 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 646f messages, do\n+0000b4d0: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0000b4e0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 grub> knetbsd \n+0000b4f0: 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 /netbsd -s -v.. \n+0000b500: 2033 2e20 4966 206e 6565 6465 642c 206c 3. If needed, l\n+0000b510: 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c oad kernel modul\n+0000b520: 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f 6d6d es with the comm\n+0000b530: 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 and. ...knet\n+0000b540: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 bsd_module_elf..\n+0000b550: 992e 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 .. A typical ex\n+0000b560: 616d 706c 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f64 ample is the mod\n+0000b570: 756c 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 726f 6f74 ule for the root\n+0000b580: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 . file syste\n+0000b590: 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 m:.. gr\n+0000b5a0: 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 ub> knetbsd_modu\n+0000b5b0: 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 616e 642f 616d le_elf /stand/am\n+0000b5c0: 6436 342f 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f d64/6.0/modules/\n+0000b5d0: 6666 732f 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 ffs/ffs.kmod.. \n+0000b5e0: 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 4. Finally, run \n+0000b5f0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 the command ...b\n+0000b600: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f oot... (*note bo\n+0000b610: 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ot::).....File: \n+0000b620: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0000b630: 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 : DOS/Windows, \n+0000b640: 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2055 Prev: NetBSD, U\n+0000b650: 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e p: OS-specific n\n+0000b660: 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 444f 532f otes..5.4.4 DOS/\n+0000b670: 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Windows.--------\n+0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 ---------..GRUB \n+0000b690: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 cannot boot DOS \n+0000b6a0: 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2064 6972 6563 or Windows direc\n+0000b6b0: 746c 792c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 tly, so you must\n+0000b6c0: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d chain-load them\n+0000b6d0: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f .(*note Chain-lo\n+0000b6e0: 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 ading::). Howev\n+0000b6f0: 6572 2c20 7468 6569 7220 626f 6f74 206c er, their boot l\n+0000b700: 6f61 6465 7273 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 oaders have some\n+0000b710: 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 critical.defici\n+0000b720: 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 encies, so it ma\n+0000b730: 7920 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 y not work to ju\n+0000b740: 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 st chain-load th\n+0000b750: 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 em. To overcome\n+0000b760: 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2047 .the problems, G\n+0000b770: 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 RUB provides you\n+0000b780: 2077 6974 6820 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 with two helper\n+0000b790: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 functions... \n+0000b7a0: 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 696e 7374 If you have inst\n+0000b7b0: 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 alled DOS (or Wi\n+0000b7c0: 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d ndows) on a non-\n+0000b7d0: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c first hard disk,\n+0000b7e0: 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 746f 2075 7365 you.have to use\n+0000b7f0: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 7377 6170 7069 the disk swappi\n+0000b800: 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2c20 6265 ng technique, be\n+0000b810: 6361 7573 6520 7468 6174 204f 5320 6361 cause that OS ca\n+0000b820: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 nnot boot.from a\n+0000b830: 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 2062 7574 2074 6865 ny disks but the\n+0000b840: 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 first one. The\n+0000b850: 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 7573 6564 workaround used\n+0000b860: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 7468 650a in GRUB is the.\n+0000b870: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9864 7269 7665 command ...drive\n+0000b880: 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 map... (*note dr\n+0000b890: 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 292c 206c 696b 6520 ivemap::), like \n+0000b8a0: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 this:.. driv\n+0000b8b0: 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 emap -s (hd0) (h\n+0000b8c0: 6431 290a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 6572 d1).. This per\n+0000b8d0: 666f 726d 7320 6120 e280 9c76 6972 7475 forms a ...virtu\n+0000b8e0: 616c e280 9d20 7377 6170 2062 6574 7765 al... swap betwe\n+0000b8f0: 656e 2079 6f75 7220 6669 7273 7420 616e en your first an\n+0000b900: 6420 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 640a 6472 d second hard.dr\n+0000b910: 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f ive... *Cautio\n+0000b920: 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 6566 6665 n:* This is effe\n+0000b930: 6374 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 444f ctive only if DO\n+0000b940: 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 S (or Windows) u\n+0000b950: 7365 7320 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 ses BIOS to.acce\n+0000b960: 7373 2074 6865 2073 7761 7070 6564 2064 ss the swapped d\n+0000b970: 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6174 204f isks. If that O\n+0000b980: 5320 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c S uses a special\n+0000b990: 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 7220 7468 650a driver for the.\n+0000b9a0: 6469 736b 732c 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 disks, this prob\n+0000b9b0: 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e ably won't work.\n+0000b9c0: 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 726f .. Another pro\n+0000b9d0: 626c 656d 2061 7269 7365 7320 6966 2079 blem arises if y\n+0000b9e0: 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 ou installed mor\n+0000b9f0: 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 6574 206f e than one set o\n+0000ba00: 660a 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e f.DOS/Windows on\n+0000ba10: 746f 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 to one disk, bec\n+0000ba20: 6175 7365 2074 6865 7920 636f 756c 6420 ause they could \n+0000ba30: 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 6966 2074 be confused if t\n+0000ba40: 6865 7265 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 here are.more th\n+0000ba50: 616e 206f 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 an one primary p\n+0000ba60: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 444f artitions for DO\n+0000ba70: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 4365 7274 S/Windows. Cert\n+0000ba80: 6169 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 ainly you should\n+0000ba90: 0a61 766f 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 .avoid doing thi\n+0000baa0: 732c 2062 7574 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 s, but there is \n+0000bab0: 6120 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 796f a solution if yo\n+0000bac0: 7520 646f 2077 616e 7420 746f 2064 6f20 u do want to do \n+0000bad0: 736f 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 6865 2070 6172 so. Use.the par\n+0000bae0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 696e 672f 756e tition hiding/un\n+0000baf0: 6869 6469 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 hiding technique\n+0000bb00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 ... If GRUB ..\n+0000bb10: 9c68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 .hides... a DOS \n+0000bb20: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 (or Windows) par\n+0000bb30: 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 tition (*note pa\n+0000bb40: 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 rttool::), DOS.(\n+0000bb50: 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 7769 6c6c or Windows) will\n+0000bb60: 2069 676e 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 ignore the part\n+0000bb70: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 ition. If GRUB \n+0000bb80: e280 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 ...unhides... a \n+0000bb90: 444f 5320 286f 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or.Windows)\n+0000bba0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 partition, DOS \n+0000bbb0: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c (or Windows) wil\n+0000bbc0: 6c20 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 6172 l detect the par\n+0000bbd0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 732c 0a69 tition. Thus,.i\n+0000bbe0: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2069 6e73 7461 f you have insta\n+0000bbf0: 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e lled DOS (or Win\n+0000bc00: 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 dows) on the fir\n+0000bc10: 7374 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e st and the secon\n+0000bc20: 640a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 d.partition of t\n+0000bc30: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 he first hard di\n+0000bc40: 736b 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 sk, and you want\n+0000bc50: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f70 to boot the cop\n+0000bc60: 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2070 y on the.first p\n+0000bc70: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 6865 artition, do the\n+0000bc80: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 following:.. \n+0000bc90: 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c parttool (hd0,\n+0000bca0: 3129 2068 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 1) hidden-. \n+0000bcb0: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3229 parttool (hd0,2)\n+0000bcc0: 2068 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 7365 hidden+. se\n+0000bcd0: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 t root=(hd0,1). \n+0000bce0: 2020 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 chainloader \n+0000bcf0: 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c +1. parttool\n+0000bd00: 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 ${root} boot+. \n+0000bd10: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot....File\n+0000bd20: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0000bd30: 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f de: Configuratio\n+0000bd40: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 656d 6520 n, Next: Theme \n+0000bd50: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5072 file format, Pr\n+0000bd60: 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 ev: Booting, Up\n+0000bd70: 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 2057 7269 7469 6e67 : Top..6 Writing\n+0000bd80: 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 your own config\n+0000bd90: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a uration file.***\n 0000bda0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000bdb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n-0000bdc0: 4752 5542 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 GRUB is configur\n-0000bdd0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ed using ...grub\n-0000bde0: 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 .cfg..., usually\n-0000bdf0: 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 located under .\n-0000be00: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e ../boot/grub....\n-0000be10: 0a54 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7175 .This file is qu\n-0000be20: 6974 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 ite flexible, bu\n-0000be30: 7420 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 7273 2077 696c t most users wil\n-0000be40: 6c20 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7772 l not need to wr\n-0000be50: 6974 6520 7468 650a 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 ite the.whole th\n-0000be60: 696e 6720 6279 2068 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 ing by hand...* \n-0000be70: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 696d 706c 6520 Menu:..* Simple \n-0000be80: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 configuration:: \n-0000be90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6563 6f6d Recom\n-0000bea0: 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 mended for most \n-0000beb0: 7573 6572 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 users.* Root Ide\n-0000bec0: 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 ntifcation Heuri\n-0000bed0: 7374 6963 733a 3a20 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 stics:: Summar\n-0000bee0: 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f y on how the roo\n-0000bef0: 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 t file system is\n-0000bf00: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 identified..* S\n-0000bf10: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n-0000bf20: 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing:: \n-0000bf30: 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 For power users\n-0000bf40: 2061 6e64 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 730a and developers.\n-0000bf50: 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e * Multi-boot man\n-0000bf60: 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 ual config:: \n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e For non-stan\n-0000bf80: 6461 7264 206d 756c 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 dard multi-OS sc\n-0000bf90: 656e 6172 696f 730a 2a20 456d 6265 6464 enarios.* Embedd\n-0000bfa0: 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ed configuration\n-0000bfb0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d 6265 :: Embe\n-0000bfc0: 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 dding a configur\n-0000bfd0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 ation file into \n-0000bfe0: 4752 5542 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 GRUB....File: gr\n-0000bff0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0000c000: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n-0000c010: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6f tion, Next: Roo\n-0000c020: 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 t Identifcation \n-0000c030: 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 2055 703a Heuristics, Up:\n-0000c040: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a Configuration..\n-0000c050: 362e 3120 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6.1 Simple confi\n-0000c060: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2068 616e 646c 696e guration handlin\n-0000c070: 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d g.==============\n+0000bdb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0000bdc0: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 636f 6e66 **..GRUB is conf\n+0000bdd0: 6967 7572 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 igured using ...\n+0000bde0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2075 7375 grub.cfg..., usu\n+0000bdf0: 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2075 6e64 ally located und\n+0000be00: 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 er .../boot/grub\n+0000be10: e280 992e 0a54 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 .....This file i\n+0000be20: 7320 7175 6974 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 s quite flexible\n+0000be30: 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 7273 , but most users\n+0000be40: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 will not need t\n+0000be50: 6f20 7772 6974 6520 7468 650a 7768 6f6c o write the.whol\n+0000be60: 6520 7468 696e 6720 6279 2068 616e 642e e thing by hand.\n+0000be70: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 696d ..* Menu:..* Sim\n+0000be80: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n+0000be90: 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 n:: R\n+0000bea0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 206d ecommended for m\n+0000beb0: 6f73 7420 7573 6572 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 ost users.* Root\n+0000bec0: 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 Identifcation H\n+0000bed0: 6575 7269 7374 6963 733a 3a20 2020 5375 euristics:: Su\n+0000bee0: 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6865 mmary on how the\n+0000bef0: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 root file syste\n+0000bf00: 6d20 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 642e m is identified.\n+0000bf10: 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 .* Shell-like sc\n+0000bf20: 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ripting:: \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 For power u\n+0000bf40: 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2064 6576 656c 6f70 sers and develop\n+0000bf50: 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 ers.* Multi-boot\n+0000bf60: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a manual config::\n+0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d For non-\n+0000bf80: 7374 616e 6461 7264 206d 756c 7469 2d4f standard multi-O\n+0000bf90: 5320 7363 656e 6172 696f 730a 2a20 456d S scenarios.* Em\n+0000bfa0: 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 bedded configura\n+0000bfb0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion:: \n+0000bfc0: 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 Embedding a conf\n+0000bfd0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n+0000bfe0: 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nto GRUB....File\n+0000bff0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0000c000: 6465 3a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 de: Simple confi\n+0000c010: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a guration, Next:\n+0000c020: 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 Root Identifcat\n+0000c030: 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 ion Heuristics, \n+0000c040: 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 Up: Configurati\n+0000c050: 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3120 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 on..6.1 Simple c\n+0000c060: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2068 616e onfiguration han\n+0000c070: 646c 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d dling.==========\n 0000c080: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000c090: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n-0000c0a0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-0000c0b0: 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f g... (*note Invo\n-0000c0c0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n-0000c0d0: 6967 3a3a 2920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 730a ig::) generates.\n-0000c0e0: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 ...grub.cfg... f\n-0000c0f0: 696c 6573 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f iles suitable fo\n-0000c100: 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2e20 2049 r most cases. I\n-0000c110: 7420 6973 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f t is suitable fo\n-0000c120: 7220 7573 6520 7768 656e 0a75 7067 7261 r use when.upgra\n-0000c130: 6469 6e67 2061 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 ding a distribut\n-0000c140: 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6469 ion, and will di\n-0000c150: 7363 6f76 6572 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 scover available\n-0000c160: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 kernels and.att\n-0000c170: 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 empt to generate\n-0000c180: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f menu entries fo\n-0000c190: 7220 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 r them... ...g\n-0000c1a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-0000c1b0: 646f 6573 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 206c does have some l\n-0000c1c0: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 imitations. Whi\n-0000c1d0: 6c65 2061 6464 696e 6720 6578 7472 610a le adding extra.\n-0000c1e0: 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 custom menu entr\n-0000c1f0: 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f ies to the end o\n-0000c200: 6620 7468 6520 6c69 7374 2063 616e 2062 f the list can b\n-0000c210: 6520 646f 6e65 2062 7920 6564 6974 696e e done by editin\n-0000c220: 670a e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 g..../etc/grub.d\n-0000c230: 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 /40_custom... or\n-0000c240: 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f creating .../bo\n-0000c250: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 ot/grub/custom.c\n-0000c260: 6667 e280 992c 2063 6861 6e67 696e 670a fg..., changing.\n-0000c270: 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 206d 656e the order of men\n-0000c280: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f72 2063 6861 u entries or cha\n-0000c290: 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6569 7220 7469 746c nging their titl\n-0000c2a0: 6573 206d 6179 2072 6571 7569 7265 206d es may require m\n-0000c2b0: 616b 696e 670a 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 aking.complex ch\n-0000c2c0: 616e 6765 7320 746f 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 anges to shell s\n-0000c2d0: 6372 6970 7473 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e cripts stored in\n-0000c2e0: 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f .../etc/grub.d/\n-0000c2f0: e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 2062 .... This may b\n-0000c300: 650a 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2069 6e20 7468 e.improved in th\n-0000c310: 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 e future. In th\n-0000c320: 6520 6d65 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6f73 e meantime, thos\n-0000c330: 6520 7768 6f20 6665 656c 2074 6861 7420 e who feel that \n-0000c340: 6974 2077 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 7369 it would.be easi\n-0000c350: 6572 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 e280 9867 er to write ...g\n-0000c360: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 rub.cfg... direc\n-0000c370: 746c 7920 6172 6520 656e 636f 7572 6167 tly are encourag\n-0000c380: 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 282a 6e6f ed to do so (*no\n-0000c390: 7465 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 616e te.Booting::, an\n-0000c3a0: 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 d *note Shell-li\n-0000c3b0: 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292c ke scripting::),\n-0000c3c0: 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 and to disable \n-0000c3d0: 616e 7920 7379 7374 656d 0a70 726f 7669 any system.provi\n-0000c3e0: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 6972 2064 6973 ded by their dis\n-0000c3f0: 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2061 7574 tribution to aut\n-0000c400: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 756e 20e2 omatically run .\n-0000c410: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-0000c420: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 ..... The file\n-0000c430: 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 .../etc/default\n-0000c440: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c /grub... control\n-0000c450: 7320 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 s the operation \n-0000c460: 6f66 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e of....grub-mkcon\n-0000c470: 6669 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 fig.... It is s\n-0000c480: 6f75 7263 6564 2062 7920 6120 7368 656c ourced by a shel\n-0000c490: 6c20 7363 7269 7074 2c20 616e 6420 736f l script, and so\n-0000c4a0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2076 616c 6964 0a50 must be valid.P\n-0000c4b0: 4f53 4958 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 7574 OSIX shell input\n-0000c4c0: 3b20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2077 ; normally, it w\n-0000c4d0: 696c 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 6520 6120 7365 ill just be a se\n-0000c4e0: 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 e280 984b 4559 quence of ...KEY\n-0000c4f0: 3d76 616c 7565 e280 990a 6c69 6e65 732c =value....lines,\n-0000c500: 2062 7574 2069 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 but if the valu\n-0000c510: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 7061 6365 e contains space\n-0000c520: 7320 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2073 7065 6369 s or other speci\n-0000c530: 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 7468 al characters th\n-0000c540: 656e 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7175 en.it must be qu\n-0000c550: 6f74 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 oted. For examp\n-0000c560: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f54 le:.. GRUB_T\n-0000c570: 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 543d 2263 ERMINAL_INPUT=\"c\n-0000c580: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a onsole serial\"..\n-0000c590: 2020 2056 616c 6964 206b 6579 7320 696e Valid keys in\n-0000c5a0: 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 .../etc/default\n-0000c5b0: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 7320 /grub... are as \n-0000c5c0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 9847 5255 follows:.....GRU\n-0000c5d0: 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 B_DEFAULT.... \n-0000c5e0: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 The default me\n-0000c5f0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 nu entry. This \n-0000c600: 6d61 7920 6265 2061 206e 756d 6265 722c may be a number,\n-0000c610: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 in which case i\n-0000c620: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 t. identifie\n-0000c630: 7320 7468 6520 4e74 6820 656e 7472 7920 s the Nth entry \n-0000c640: 696e 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 in the generated\n-0000c650: 206d 656e 7520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 menu counted fr\n-0000c660: 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 om zero,. or\n-0000c670: 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 6120 the title of a \n-0000c680: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 menu entry, or t\n-0000c690: 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 7472 696e he special strin\n-0000c6a0: 6720 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992e 2020 g ...saved.... \n-0000c6b0: 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 Using. the i\n-0000c6c0: 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 d may be useful \n-0000c6d0: 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 if you want to s\n-0000c6e0: 6574 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 et a menu entry \n-0000c6f0: 6173 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 as the default. \n-0000c700: 2020 2020 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 even though \n-0000c710: 7468 6572 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2076 there may be a v\n-0000c720: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f ariable number o\n-0000c730: 6620 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 f entries before\n-0000c740: 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 it... For e\n-0000c750: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 xample, if you h\n-0000c760: 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 ave:.. menue\n-0000c770: 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e ntry 'Example GN\n-0000c780: 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 U/Linux distribu\n-0000c790: 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e tion' --class gn\n-0000c7a0: 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 u-linux --id exa\n-0000c7b0: 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b mple-gnu-linux {\n-0000c7c0: 0a20 2020 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 . ..... \n-0000c7d0: 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e 2079 6f75 }.. then you\n-0000c7e0: 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 6973 2074 can make this t\n-0000c7f0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 he default using\n-0000c800: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 :.. GRU\n-0000c810: 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 6578 616d 706c B_DEFAULT=exampl\n-0000c820: 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 e-gnu-linux.. \n-0000c830: 2020 5072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2069 7420 Previously it \n-0000c840: 7761 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2074 was documented t\n-0000c850: 6865 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7573 6520 656e he way to use en\n-0000c860: 7472 7920 7469 746c 652e 2020 5768 696c try title. Whil\n-0000c870: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 7374 696c e. this stil\n-0000c880: 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6974 2773 206e 6f74 l works it's not\n-0000c890: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e recommended sin\n-0000c8a0: 6365 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 ce titles often \n-0000c8b0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 contain. uns\n-0000c8c0: 7461 626c 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d table device nam\n-0000c8d0: 6573 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7472 es and may be tr\n-0000c8e0: 616e 736c 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 anslated.. I\n-0000c8f0: 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 f you set this t\n-0000c900: 6f20 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992c 2074 o ...saved..., t\n-0000c910: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 hen the default \n-0000c920: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 menu entry will \n-0000c930: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 6176 be. that sav\n-0000c940: 6564 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 ed by ...GRUB_SA\n-0000c950: 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 206f 7220 VEDEFAULT... or \n-0000c960: e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 ...grub-set-defa\n-0000c970: 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 ult.... This. \n-0000c980: 2020 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 relies on the\n-0000c990: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-0000c9a0: 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f ck, which may no\n-0000c9b0: 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 t be available i\n-0000c9c0: 6e20 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6974 7561 n all. situa\n-0000c9d0: 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 tions (*note Env\n-0000c9e0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a ironment block::\n-0000c9f0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 )... The def\n-0000ca00: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9830 e280 992e ault is ...0....\n-0000ca10: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 .....GRUB_SAVEDE\n-0000ca20: 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 FAULT.... If\n-0000ca30: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n-0000ca40: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 set to ...true..\n-0000ca50: 992c 2074 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 616e ., then, when an\n-0000ca60: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 entry is select\n-0000ca70: 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6176 6520 6974 ed,. save it\n-0000ca80: 2061 7320 6120 6e65 7720 6465 6661 756c as a new defaul\n-0000ca90: 7420 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 7573 6520 t entry for use \n-0000caa0: 6279 2066 7574 7572 6520 7275 6e73 206f by future runs o\n-0000cab0: 6620 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 2020 f GRUB. This. \n-0000cac0: 2020 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c is only useful\n-0000cad0: 2069 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 if ...GRUB_DEFA\n-0000cae0: 554c 543d 7361 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 ULT=saved...; it\n-0000caf0: 2069 7320 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 206f is a separate o\n-0000cb00: 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6563 6175 ption. becau\n-0000cb10: 7365 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 se ...GRUB_DEFAU\n-0000cb20: 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 e280 9920 6973 2075 LT=saved... is u\n-0000cb30: 7365 6675 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 seful without th\n-0000cb40: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 is option, in. \n-0000cb50: 2020 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 conjunction w\n-0000cb60: 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d ith ...grub-set-\n-0000cb70: 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 default.... Uns\n-0000cb80: 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 et by default. \n-0000cb90: 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e This. option\n-0000cba0: 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 relies on the e\n-0000cbb0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-0000cbc0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 , which may not \n-0000cbd0: 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 be available. \n-0000cbe0: 2020 696e 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 7469 in all situati\n-0000cbf0: 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 ons (*note Envir\n-0000cc00: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e onment block::).\n-0000cc10: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 .....GRUB_TIMEOU\n-0000cc20: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 T.... Boot t\n-0000cc30: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 he default entry\n-0000cc40: 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e this many secon\n-0000cc50: 6473 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e ds after the men\n-0000cc60: 7520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 u is. displa\n-0000cc70: 7965 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 6b65 yed, unless a ke\n-0000cc80: 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2e20 2054 y is pressed. T\n-0000cc90: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 he default is ..\n-0000cca0: 9835 e280 992e 2020 5365 7420 746f 0a20 .5.... Set to. \n-0000ccb0: 2020 2020 e280 9830 e280 9920 746f 2062 ...0... to b\n-0000ccc0: 6f6f 7420 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 oot immediately \n-0000ccd0: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 without displayi\n-0000cce0: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 206f 7220 ng the menu, or \n-0000ccf0: 746f 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 746f 0a20 to ...-1... to. \n-0000cd00: 2020 2020 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e wait indefin\n-0000cd10: 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 itely... If \n-0000cd20: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ...GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n-0000cd30: 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 STYLE... is set \n-0000cd40: 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 to ...countdown.\n-0000cd50: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 .. or ...hidden.\n-0000cd60: 8099 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 696d .., the. tim\n-0000cd70: 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 eout is instead \n-0000cd80: 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 counted before t\n-0000cd90: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c he menu is displ\n-0000cda0: 6179 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 ayed......GRUB_T\n-0000cdb0: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 990a IMEOUT_STYLE....\n-0000cdc0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 If this opt\n-0000cdd0: 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 206f 7220 ion is unset or \n-0000cde0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 set to ...menu..\n-0000cdf0: 992c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c ., then GRUB wil\n-0000ce00: 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 2020 2074 l display. t\n-0000ce10: 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 7468 656e he menu and then\n-0000ce20: 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 wait for the ti\n-0000ce30: 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 meout set by ...\n-0000ce40: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 GRUB_TIMEOUT... \n-0000ce50: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 2062 to. expire b\n-0000ce60: 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 efore booting th\n-0000ce70: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e e default entry.\n-0000ce80: 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 206b 6579 Pressing a key\n-0000ce90: 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 730a 2020 2020 interrupts. \n-0000cea0: 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 the timeout... \n-0000ceb0: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 If this opti\n-0000cec0: 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 on is set to ...\n-0000ced0: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 countdown... or \n-0000cee0: e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 ...hidden..., th\n-0000cef0: 656e 2c20 6265 666f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 en, before. \n-0000cf00: 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d displaying the m\n-0000cf10: 656e 752c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 enu, GRUB will w\n-0000cf20: 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 ait for the time\n-0000cf30: 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 out set by. \n-0000cf40: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT.\n-0000cf50: 8099 2074 6f20 6578 7069 7265 2e20 2049 .. to expire. I\n-0000cf60: 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 203c 4634 3e20 f or \n-0000cf70: 6172 6520 7072 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 are pressed, or \n-0000cf80: 3c53 4849 4654 3e0a 2020 2020 2069 7320 . is \n-0000cf90: 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 held down during\n-0000cfa0: 2074 6861 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 that time, it w\n-0000cfb0: 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 ill display the \n-0000cfc0: 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 740a 2020 menu and wait. \n-0000cfd0: 2020 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 for input. I\n-0000cfe0: 6620 6120 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 f a hotkey assoc\n-0000cff0: 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e iated with a men\n-0000d000: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 u entry is press\n-0000d010: 6564 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c ed, it. will\n-0000d020: 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6173 736f 6369 boot the associ\n-0000d030: 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 ated menu entry \n-0000d040: 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 immediately. If\n-0000d050: 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a20 2020 the timeout. \n-0000d060: 2020 6578 7069 7265 7320 6265 666f 7265 expires before\n-0000d070: 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 7365 either of these\n-0000d080: 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 696c happens, it wil\n-0000d090: 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 l boot the defau\n-0000d0a0: 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 792e 2020 lt. entry. \n-0000d0b0: 496e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 In the ...countd\n-0000d0c0: 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 652c 2069 7420 own... case, it \n-0000d0d0: 7769 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 6120 6f6e 652d will show a one-\n-0000d0e0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696f 6e0a line indication.\n-0000d0f0: 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 6d61 of the rema\n-0000d100: 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ining time......\n-0000d110: 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 GRUB_DEFAULT_BUT\n-0000d120: 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 TON.......GRUB_T\n-0000d130: 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 IMEOUT_BUTTON...\n-0000d140: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ....GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-0000d150: 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 _STYLE_BUTTON...\n-0000d160: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f ....GRUB_BUTTON_\n-0000d170: 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 990a CMOS_ADDRESS....\n-0000d180: 2020 2020 2056 6172 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 Variants of\n-0000d190: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 the correspondi\n-0000d1a0: 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 ng variables wit\n-0000d1b0: 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 hout the ..._BUT\n-0000d1c0: 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 TON.... suff\n-0000d1d0: 6978 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 ix, used to supp\n-0000d1e0: 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 ort vendor-speci\n-0000d1f0: 6669 6320 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 6f6e fic power button\n-0000d200: 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2056 s. *Note. V\n-0000d210: 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b endor power-on k\n-0000d220: 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f eys::......GRUB_\n-0000d230: 4449 5354 5249 4255 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 DISTRIBUTOR.... \n-0000d240: 2020 2020 5365 7420 6279 2064 6973 7472 Set by distr\n-0000d250: 6962 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 ibutors of GRUB \n-0000d260: 746f 2074 6865 6972 2069 6465 6e74 6966 to their identif\n-0000d270: 7969 6e67 206e 616d 652e 2020 5468 6973 ying name. This\n-0000d280: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f is. used to\n-0000d290: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 generate more i\n-0000d2a0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 nformative menu \n-0000d2b0: 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 entry titles....\n-0000d2c0: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f ..GRUB_TERMINAL_\n-0000d2d0: 494e 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 INPUT.... Se\n-0000d2e0: 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 lect the termina\n-0000d2f0: 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 l input device. \n-0000d300: 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 You may select \n-0000d310: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 multiple devices\n-0000d320: 0a20 2020 2020 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 . here, sepa\n-0000d330: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e rated by spaces.\n-0000d340: 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 .. Valid ter\n-0000d350: 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 minal input name\n-0000d360: 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 s depend on the \n-0000d370: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 platform, but ma\n-0000d380: 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 y include. .\n-0000d390: 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 ..console... (na\n-0000d3a0: 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f tive platform co\n-0000d3b0: 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 nsole), ...seria\n-0000d3c0: 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 l... (serial ter\n-0000d3d0: 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 minal),. ...\n-0000d3e0: 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 serial_...\n-0000d3f0: 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 (serial termina\n-0000d400: 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 l with explicit \n-0000d410: 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c port selection),\n-0000d420: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 745f 6b65 7962 . ...at_keyb\n-0000d430: 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2850 4320 4154 206b oard... (PC AT k\n-0000d440: 6579 626f 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 eyboard), or ...\n-0000d450: 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 usb_keyboard... \n-0000d460: 2855 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a 2020 (USB keyboard. \n-0000d470: 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2048 4944 using the HID\n-0000d480: 2042 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 Boot Protocol, \n-0000d490: 666f 7220 6361 7365 7320 7768 6572 6520 for cases where \n-0000d4a0: 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 the firmware doe\n-0000d4b0: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2068 616e 646c s not. handl\n-0000d4c0: 6520 7468 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 e this)... T\n-0000d4d0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f he default is to\n-0000d4e0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 use the platfor\n-0000d4f0: 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 m's native termi\n-0000d500: 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 742e 0a0a e280 9847 nal input......G\n-0000d510: 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 RUB_TERMINAL_OUT\n-0000d520: 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 PUT.... Sele\n-0000d530: 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ct the terminal \n-0000d540: 6f75 7470 7574 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 output device. \n-0000d550: 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 6374 206d You may select m\n-0000d560: 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 6365 730a ultiple devices.\n-0000d570: 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 6570 6172 here, separ\n-0000d580: 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2e0a ated by spaces..\n-0000d590: 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 7465 726d . Valid term\n-0000d5a0: 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 inal output name\n-0000d5b0: 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 s depend on the \n-0000d5c0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 platform, but ma\n-0000d5d0: 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 y include. .\n-0000d5e0: 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 ..console... (na\n-0000d5f0: 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f tive platform co\n-0000d600: 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 nsole), ...seria\n-0000d610: 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 l... (serial ter\n-0000d620: 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 minal),. ...\n-0000d630: 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 serial_...\n-0000d640: 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 (serial termina\n-0000d650: 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 l with explicit \n-0000d660: 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c port selection),\n-0000d670: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d . ...gfxterm\n-0000d680: e280 9920 2867 7261 7068 6963 732d 6d6f ... (graphics-mo\n-0000d690: 6465 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c20 e280 9876 de output), ...v\n-0000d6a0: 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2028 5647 4120 ga_text... (VGA \n-0000d6b0: 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c0a 2020 text output),. \n-0000d6c0: 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 ...mda_text..\n-0000d6d0: 9920 284d 4441 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 . (MDA text outp\n-0000d6e0: 7574 292c 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 ut), ...morse...\n-0000d6f0: 2028 4d6f 7273 652d 636f 6469 6e67 2075 (Morse-coding u\n-0000d700: 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 sing system. \n-0000d710: 2062 6565 7065 7229 206f 7220 e280 9873 beeper) or ...s\n-0000d720: 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2028 7369 6d70 pkmodem... (simp\n-0000d730: 6c65 2064 6174 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c le data protocol\n-0000d740: 2075 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7370 using system sp\n-0000d750: 6561 6b65 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 eaker)... ..\n-0000d760: 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2069 7320 .spkmodem... is \n-0000d770: 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 useful when no s\n-0000d780: 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 erial port is av\n-0000d790: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 436f 6e6e 6563 ailable. Connec\n-0000d7a0: 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 t the. outpu\n-0000d7b0: 7420 6f66 2073 656e 6469 6e67 2073 7973 t of sending sys\n-0000d7c0: 7465 6d20 2877 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 tem (where GRUB \n-0000d7d0: 6973 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 746f 206c is running) to l\n-0000d7e0: 696e 652d 696e 206f 660a 2020 2020 2072 ine-in of. r\n-0000d7f0: 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 eceiving system \n-0000d800: 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2064 6576 656c 6f70 (usually develop\n-0000d810: 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 292e 2020 4f6e er machine). On\n-0000d820: 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 receiving syste\n-0000d830: 6d0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 20e2 m. compile .\n-0000d840: 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 76e2 ..spkmodem-recv.\n-0000d850: 8099 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9875 7469 6c2f .. from ...util/\n-0000d860: 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 762e 63e2 spkmodem-recv.c.\n-0000d870: 8099 2061 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 .. and run:.. \n-0000d880: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 6563 6f72 6420 parecord \n-0000d890: 2d2d 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d 2d72 --channels=1 --r\n-0000d8a0: 6174 653d 3438 3030 3020 2d2d 666f 726d ate=48000 --form\n-0000d8b0: 6174 3d73 3136 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 706b at=s16le | ./spk\n-0000d8c0: 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 2020 modem-recv.. \n-0000d8d0: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n-0000d8e0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 to use the platf\n-0000d8f0: 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 orm's native ter\n-0000d900: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0ae2 minal output....\n-0000d910: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4ce2 ..GRUB_TERMINAL.\n-0000d920: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 ... If this \n-0000d930: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 option is set, i\n-0000d940: 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 626f 7468 t overrides both\n-0000d950: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 ...GRUB_TERMINA\n-0000d960: 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 L_INPUT... and. \n-0000d970: 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d ...GRUB_TERM\n-0000d980: 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 2074 INAL_OUTPUT... t\n-0000d990: 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 o the same value\n-0000d9a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4552 4941 ......GRUB_SERIA\n-0000d9b0: 4c5f 434f 4d4d 414e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 L_COMMAND.... \n-0000d9c0: 2020 4120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 2063 A command to c\n-0000d9d0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2074 6865 2073 6572 onfigure the ser\n-0000d9e0: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2077 6865 6e20 7573 ial port when us\n-0000d9f0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 0a20 ing the serial. \n-0000da00: 2020 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 2a4e console. *N\n-0000da10: 6f74 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2e20 2044 ote serial::. D\n-0000da20: 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7365 efaults to ...se\n-0000da30: 7269 616c e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 rial.........GRU\n-0000da40: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 B_CMDLINE_LINUX.\n-0000da50: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 642d ... Command-\n-0000da60: 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 line arguments t\n-0000da70: 6f20 6164 6420 746f 206d 656e 7520 656e o add to menu en\n-0000da80: 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 4c69 tries for the Li\n-0000da90: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0ae2 8098 nux kernel......\n-0000daa0: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n-0000dab0: 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 UX_DEFAULT.... \n-0000dac0: 2020 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 9847 5255 Unless ...GRU\n-0000dad0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 B_DISABLE_RECOVE\n-0000dae0: 5259 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 RY... is set to \n-0000daf0: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7477 6f20 ...true..., two \n-0000db00: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 menu entries. \n-0000db10: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 will be genera\n-0000db20: 7465 6420 666f 7220 6561 6368 204c 696e ted for each Lin\n-0000db30: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c3a 206f 6e65 2064 ux kernel: one d\n-0000db40: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 efault entry and\n-0000db50: 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 one. entry \n-0000db60: 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 for recovery mod\n-0000db70: 652e 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e. This option \n-0000db80: 6c69 7374 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 lists command-li\n-0000db90: 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 ne arguments. \n-0000dba0: 2020 746f 2061 6464 206f 6e6c 7920 746f to add only to\n-0000dbb0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e the default men\n-0000dbc0: 7520 656e 7472 792c 2061 6674 6572 2074 u entry, after t\n-0000dbd0: 686f 7365 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 0a20 hose listed in. \n-0000dbe0: 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c ...GRUB_CMDL\n-0000dbf0: 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 INE_LINUX.......\n-0000dc00: 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c ..GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n-0000dc10: 494e 5558 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 INUX_RECOVERY...\n-0000dc20: 0a20 2020 2020 556e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 . Unless ...\n-0000dc30: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 GRUB_DISABLE_REC\n-0000dc40: 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 OVERY... is set \n-0000dc50: 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 to ...true..., t\n-0000dc60: 776f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a wo menu entries.\n-0000dc70: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e will be gen\n-0000dc80: 6572 6174 6564 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 erated for each \n-0000dc90: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 3a20 6f6e Linux kernel: on\n-0000dca0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 e default entry \n-0000dcb0: 616e 6420 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 and one. ent\n-0000dcc0: 7279 2066 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 ry for recovery \n-0000dcd0: 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 mode. This opti\n-0000dce0: 6f6e 206c 6973 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 on lists command\n-0000dcf0: 2d6c 696e 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a -line arguments.\n-0000dd00: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6f6e 6c79 to add only\n-0000dd10: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7265 636f 7665 7279 to the recovery\n-0000dd20: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2062 6566 menu entry, bef\n-0000dd30: 6f72 6520 7468 6f73 6520 6c69 7374 6564 ore those listed\n-0000dd40: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 in. ...GRUB\n-0000dd50: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 _CMDLINE_LINUX..\n-0000dd60: 992e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 .. The default \n-0000dd70: 6973 20e2 8098 7369 6e67 6c65 e280 992e is ...single....\n-0000dd80: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e .....GRUB_CMDLIN\n-0000dd90: 455f 4e45 5442 5344 e280 990a e280 9847 E_NETBSD.......G\n-0000dda0: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 RUB_CMDLINE_NETB\n-0000ddb0: 5344 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 SD_DEFAULT.... \n-0000ddc0: 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d As ...GRUB_CM\n-0000ddd0: 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 DLINE_LINUX... a\n-0000dde0: 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 nd ...GRUB_CMDLI\n-0000ddf0: 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 NE_LINUX_DEFAULT\n-0000de00: e280 992c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 ..., but for. \n-0000de10: 2020 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 NetBSD......GR\n-0000de20: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 4d41 UB_CMDLINE_GNUMA\n-0000de30: 4348 e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 CH.... As ..\n-0000de40: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 .GRUB_CMDLINE_LI\n-0000de50: 4e55 58e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 666f 7220 NUX..., but for \n-0000de60: 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 GNU Mach......GR\n-0000de70: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f58 454e e280 UB_CMDLINE_XEN..\n-0000de80: 990a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e .....GRUB_CMDLIN\n-0000de90: 455f 5845 4e5f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 E_XEN_DEFAULT...\n-0000dea0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6573 . The values\n-0000deb0: 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e of these option\n-0000dec0: 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 s are passed to \n-0000ded0: 5865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2058 Xen hypervisor X\n-0000dee0: 656e 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 en menu. ent\n-0000def0: 7269 6573 2c20 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7265 ries, for all re\n-0000df00: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 206e 6f72 6d61 spectively norma\n-0000df10: 6c20 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 l entries......G\n-0000df20: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_CMDLINE_LINU\n-0000df30: 585f 5845 4e5f 5245 504c 4143 45e2 8099 X_XEN_REPLACE...\n-0000df40: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ....GRUB_CMDLINE\n-0000df50: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f58 454e 5f52 4550 4c41 _LINUX_XEN_REPLA\n-0000df60: 4345 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 CE_DEFAULT.... \n-0000df70: 2020 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 The values of\n-0000df80: 2074 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2072 these options r\n-0000df90: 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 eplace the value\n-0000dfa0: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 s of. ...GRU\n-0000dfb0: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 B_CMDLINE_LINUX.\n-0000dfc0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 .. and ...GRUB_C\n-0000dfd0: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 MDLINE_LINUX_DEF\n-0000dfe0: 4155 4c54 e280 9920 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 AULT... for Linu\n-0000dff0: 7820 616e 640a 2020 2020 2058 656e 206d x and. Xen m\n-0000e000: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 enu entries.....\n-0000e010: 9847 5255 425f 544f 505f 4c45 5645 4ce2 .GRUB_TOP_LEVEL.\n-0000e020: 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c ......GRUB_TOP_L\n-0000e030: 4556 454c 5f58 454e e280 990a 2020 2020 EVEL_XEN.... \n-0000e040: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f This option sho\n-0000e050: 756c 6420 6265 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 uld be an absolu\n-0000e060: 7465 2070 6174 6820 746f 2061 206b 6572 te path to a ker\n-0000e070: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 4966 0a20 nel image. If. \n-0000e080: 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 7468 provided, th\n-0000e090: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 e image specifie\n-0000e0a0: 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 2074 d will be made t\n-0000e0b0: 6865 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2065 6e74 he top-level ent\n-0000e0c0: 7279 2069 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 ry if. it is\n-0000e0d0: 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7363 found in the sc\n-0000e0e0: 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 an......GRUB_TOP\n-0000e0f0: 5f4c 4556 454c 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 _LEVEL_OS_PROBER\n-0000e100: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 .... This op\n-0000e110: 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 tion should be a\n-0000e120: 206c 696e 6520 6f66 206f 7574 7075 7420 line of output \n-0000e130: 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 from ...os-probe\n-0000e140: 72e2 8099 2e20 2041 730a 2020 2020 20e2 r.... As. .\n-0000e150: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c ..GRUB_TOP_LEVEL\n-0000e160: e280 992c 2069 6620 7072 6f76 6964 6564 ..., if provided\n-0000e170: 2c20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 , the image spec\n-0000e180: 6966 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 ified will be ma\n-0000e190: 6465 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 746f 702d de the. top-\n-0000e1a0: 6c65 7665 6c20 656e 7472 7920 6966 2069 level entry if i\n-0000e1b0: 7420 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 t is found in th\n-0000e1c0: 6520 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 e scan......GRUB\n-0000e1d0: 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 _EARLY_INITRD_LI\n-0000e1e0: 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d e280 990a e280 NUX_CUSTOM......\n-0000e1f0: 9847 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e 4954 .GRUB_EARLY_INIT\n-0000e200: 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 544f 434b e280 RD_LINUX_STOCK..\n-0000e210: 990a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 .. List of s\n-0000e220: 7061 6365 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2065 pace-separated e\n-0000e230: 6172 6c79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 arly initrd imag\n-0000e240: 6573 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 es to be loaded \n-0000e250: 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f from. .../bo\n-0000e260: 6f74 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 ot.... This is \n-0000e270: 666f 7220 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 696e for loading thin\n-0000e280: 6773 206c 696b 6520 4350 5520 6d69 6372 gs like CPU micr\n-0000e290: 6f63 6f64 652c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c ocode, firmware,\n-0000e2a0: 0a20 2020 2020 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 . ACPI table\n-0000e2b0: 732c 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6b65 7973 2c20 s, crypto keys, \n-0000e2c0: 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 6573 and so on. Thes\n-0000e2d0: 6520 6561 726c 7920 696d 6167 6573 2077 e early images w\n-0000e2e0: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 ill be. load\n-0000e2f0: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 ed in the order \n-0000e300: 6465 636c 6172 6564 2c20 616e 6420 616c declared, and al\n-0000e310: 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 l will be loaded\n-0000e320: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 before the. \n-0000e330: 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e actual function\n-0000e340: 616c 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 652e al initrd image.\n-0000e350: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 .. ...GRUB_E\n-0000e360: 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 ARLY_INITRD_LINU\n-0000e370: 585f 5354 4f43 4be2 8099 2069 7320 666f X_STOCK... is fo\n-0000e380: 7220 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 r your distribut\n-0000e390: 696f 6e20 746f 2064 6563 6c61 7265 0a20 ion to declare. \n-0000e3a0: 2020 2020 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 images that \n-0000e3b0: 6172 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 are provided by \n-0000e3c0: 7468 6520 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e the distribution\n-0000e3d0: 2e20 2049 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 . It should not\n-0000e3e0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6965 be. modifie\n-0000e3f0: 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 756e 6465 7273 d without unders\n-0000e400: 7461 6e64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e73 tanding the cons\n-0000e410: 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2054 6865 7920 equences. They \n-0000e420: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 will be. loa\n-0000e430: 6465 6420 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 ded first... \n-0000e440: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 ...GRUB_EARLY_I\n-0000e450: 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 NITRD_LINUX_CUST\n-0000e460: 4f4d e280 9920 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 OM... is for you\n-0000e470: 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 2063 7265 6174 6564 r custom created\n-0000e480: 2069 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 images... T\n-0000e490: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 746f 636b he default stock\n-0000e4a0: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6172 6520 6173 2066 images are as f\n-0000e4b0: 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 7468 6f75 6768 2074 ollows, though t\n-0000e4c0: 6865 7920 6d61 7920 6265 0a20 2020 2020 hey may be. \n-0000e4d0: 6f76 6572 7269 6464 656e 2062 7920 796f overridden by yo\n-0000e4e0: 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e3a ur distribution:\n-0000e4f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e74 656c . intel\n-0000e500: 2d75 632e 696d 6720 696e 7465 6c2d 7563 -uc.img intel-uc\n-0000e510: 6f64 652e 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 2e69 ode.img amd-uc.i\n-0000e520: 6d67 2061 6d64 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 6d67 mg amd-ucode.img\n-0000e530: 2065 6172 6c79 5f75 636f 6465 2e63 7069 early_ucode.cpi\n-0000e540: 6f20 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 652e 6370 696f o microcode.cpio\n-0000e550: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c .....GRUB_DISABL\n-0000e560: 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 990a E_LINUX_UUID....\n-0000e570: 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 Normally, .\n-0000e580: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-0000e590: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 .. will generate\n-0000e5a0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 menu entries th\n-0000e5b0: 6174 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 at use. univ\n-0000e5c0: 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 ersally-unique i\n-0000e5d0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 dentifiers (UUID\n-0000e5e0: 7329 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 s) to identify t\n-0000e5f0: 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c he root. fil\n-0000e600: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 204c esystem to the L\n-0000e610: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2075 7369 inux kernel, usi\n-0000e620: 6e67 2061 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d55 5549 ng a ...root=UUI\n-0000e630: 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a D=...... kernel.\n-0000e640: 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 parameter. \n-0000e650: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 This is usually\n-0000e660: 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2c20 more reliable, \n-0000e670: 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 but in some case\n-0000e680: 7320 6974 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f s it may. no\n-0000e690: 7420 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 t be appropriate\n-0000e6a0: 2e20 2054 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 . To disable th\n-0000e6b0: 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2055 5549 4473 2c20 e use of UUIDs, \n-0000e6c0: 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e0a set this option.\n-0000e6d0: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 to ...true.\n-0000e6e0: 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 ........GRUB_DIS\n-0000e6f0: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 ABLE_LINUX_PARTU\n-0000e700: 5549 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 20e2 UID.... If .\n-0000e710: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-0000e720: 8099 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 .. cannot identi\n-0000e730: 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 fy the root file\n-0000e740: 7379 7374 656d 2076 6961 2069 7473 0a20 system via its. \n-0000e750: 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d universally-\n-0000e760: 756e 6971 7565 2069 6e64 656e 7469 6669 unique indentifi\n-0000e770: 6572 2028 5555 4944 292c 20e2 8098 6772 er (UUID), ...gr\n-0000e780: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 ub-mkconfig... c\n-0000e790: 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 an use the. \n-0000e7a0: 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 7274 UUID of the part\n-0000e7b0: 6974 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 ition containing\n-0000e7c0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 the filesystem \n-0000e7d0: 746f 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 650a to identify the.\n-0000e7e0: 2020 2020 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 root filesy\n-0000e7f0: 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 stem to the Linu\n-0000e800: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2076 6961 2061 20e2 x kernel via a .\n-0000e810: 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 4152 5455 5549 443d ..root=PARTUUID=\n-0000e820: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e ....... kern\n-0000e830: 656c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 2054 el parameter. T\n-0000e840: 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 7320 7265 his is not as re\n-0000e850: 6c69 6162 6c65 2061 7320 7573 696e 6720 liable as using \n-0000e860: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 the filesystem. \n-0000e870: 2020 2020 5555 4944 2c20 6275 7420 6973 UUID, but is\n-0000e880: 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2074 more reliable t\n-0000e890: 6861 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 han using the Li\n-0000e8a0: 6e75 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 nux device names\n-0000e8b0: 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 . When. ...\n-0000e8c0: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e GRUB_DISABLE_LIN\n-0000e8d0: 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 UX_PARTUUID... i\n-0000e8e0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 s set to ...fals\n-0000e8f0: 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 e..., the Linux \n-0000e900: 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 kernel. vers\n-0000e910: 696f 6e20 6d75 7374 2062 6520 322e 362e ion must be 2.6.\n-0000e920: 3337 2028 332e 3130 2066 6f72 2073 7973 37 (3.10 for sys\n-0000e930: 7465 6d73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 204d tems using the M\n-0000e940: 5344 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 SDOS partition. \n-0000e950: 2020 2020 7363 6865 6d65 2920 6f72 206e scheme) or n\n-0000e960: 6577 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 ewer. This opti\n-0000e970: 6f6e 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 on defaults to .\n-0000e980: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992e 2020 546f 2065 ..true.... To e\n-0000e990: 6e61 626c 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2075 nable the. u\n-0000e9a0: 7365 206f 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 se of partition \n-0000e9b0: 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 UUIDs, set this \n-0000e9c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c option to ...fal\n-0000e9d0: 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f se.........GRUB_\n-0000e9e0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 DISABLE_RECOVERY\n-0000e9f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 .... If this\n-0000ea00: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 option is set t\n-0000ea10: 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 6469 o ...true..., di\n-0000ea20: 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 sable the genera\n-0000ea30: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7265 636f 7665 7279 tion of recovery\n-0000ea40: 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 206d 656e 7520 . mode menu \n-0000ea50: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 entries......GRU\n-0000ea60: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5555 4944 e280 B_DISABLE_UUID..\n-0000ea70: 990a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c .. Normally,\n-0000ea80: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-0000ea90: 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 g... will genera\n-0000eaa0: 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 te menu entries \n-0000eab0: 7468 6174 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e that use. un\n-0000eac0: 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 iversally-unique\n-0000ead0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 identifiers (UU\n-0000eae0: 4944 7329 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 IDs) to identify\n-0000eaf0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 6669 various. fi\n-0000eb00: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2073 6561 lesystems to sea\n-0000eb10: 7263 6820 666f 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 rch for files. \n-0000eb20: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 This is usually \n-0000eb30: 6d6f 7265 2072 656c 6961 626c 652c 0a20 more reliable,. \n-0000eb40: 2020 2020 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 but in some \n-0000eb50: 6361 7365 7320 6974 206d 6179 206e 6f74 cases it may not\n-0000eb60: 2062 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 652e be appropriate.\n-0000eb70: 2020 546f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6869 To disable thi\n-0000eb80: 7320 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 5555 s use. of UU\n-0000eb90: 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 IDs, set this op\n-0000eba0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 tion to ...true.\n-0000ebb0: 8099 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 ... Setting thi\n-0000ebc0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 s option to. \n-0000ebd0: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2077 696c ...true..., wil\n-0000ebe0: 6c20 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 6865 206f l also set the o\n-0000ebf0: 7074 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 ptions ...GRUB_D\n-0000ec00: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 ISABLE_LINUX_UUI\n-0000ec10: 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 D... and. ..\n-0000ec20: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 .GRUB_DISABLE_LI\n-0000ec30: 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 NUX_PARTUUID... \n-0000ec40: 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2075 to ...true..., u\n-0000ec50: 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6579 2068 6176 6520 nless they have \n-0000ec60: 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6963 been. explic\n-0000ec70: 696c 7479 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9866 ilty set to ...f\n-0000ec80: 616c 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 alse.........GRU\n-0000ec90: 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4241 434b 454e 44e2 B_VIDEO_BACKEND.\n-0000eca0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 7261 7068 ... If graph\n-0000ecb0: 6963 616c 2076 6964 656f 2073 7570 706f ical video suppo\n-0000ecc0: 7274 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 rt is required, \n-0000ecd0: 6569 7468 6572 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 either because t\n-0000ece0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 he. ...gfxte\n-0000ecf0: 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 rm... graphical \n-0000ed00: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 7320 696e 2075 terminal is in u\n-0000ed10: 7365 206f 7220 6265 6361 7573 650a 2020 se or because. \n-0000ed20: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 ...GRUB_GFXPA\n-0000ed30: 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2069 YLOAD_LINUX... i\n-0000ed40: 7320 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 s set, then ...g\n-0000ed50: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-0000ed60: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 will normally. \n-0000ed70: 2020 206c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 6176 6169 load all avai\n-0000ed80: 6c61 626c 6520 4752 5542 2076 6964 656f lable GRUB video\n-0000ed90: 2064 7269 7665 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7365 drivers and use\n-0000eda0: 2074 6865 206f 6e65 206d 6f73 740a 2020 the one most. \n-0000edb0: 2020 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2066 appropriate f\n-0000edc0: 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 or your hardware\n-0000edd0: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 . If you need t\n-0000ede0: 6f20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 7320 o override this \n-0000edf0: 666f 720a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 for. some re\n-0000ee00: 6173 6f6e 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 ason, then you c\n-0000ee10: 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 an set this opti\n-0000ee20: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4166 7465 7220 on... After \n-0000ee30: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n-0000ee40: 8099 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2c .. has been run,\n-0000ee50: 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 the available v\n-0000ee60: 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 7273 2061 7265 ideo drivers are\n-0000ee70: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 . listed in \n-0000ee80: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 7669 .../boot/grub/vi\n-0000ee90: 6465 6f2e 6c73 74e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 deo.lst.........\n-0000eea0: 4752 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 990a GRUB_GFXMODE....\n-0000eeb0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 Set the res\n-0000eec0: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 olution used on \n-0000eed0: 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 the ...gfxterm..\n-0000eee0: 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d . graphical term\n-0000eef0: 696e 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 inal. Note. \n-0000ef00: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e that you can on\n-0000ef10: 6c79 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 6869 ly use modes whi\n-0000ef20: 6368 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 ch your graphics\n-0000ef30: 2063 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2076 card supports v\n-0000ef40: 6961 0a20 2020 2020 5645 5341 2042 494f ia. VESA BIO\n-0000ef50: 5320 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 S Extensions (VB\n-0000ef60: 4529 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 E), so for examp\n-0000ef70: 6c65 206e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 le native LCD pa\n-0000ef80: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 nel. resolut\n-0000ef90: 696f 6e73 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 ions may not be \n-0000efa0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 available. The \n-0000efb0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 6175 default is ...au\n-0000efc0: 746f e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 to..., which. \n-0000efd0: 2020 7472 6965 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 tries to selec\n-0000efe0: 7420 6120 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7265 t a preferred re\n-0000eff0: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 solution. *Note\n-0000f000: 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 gfxmode::......\n-0000f010: 4752 5542 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 44e2 GRUB_BACKGROUND.\n-0000f020: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 6261 ... Set a ba\n-0000f030: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 ckground image f\n-0000f040: 6f72 2075 7365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 or use with the \n-0000f050: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 ...gfxterm... gr\n-0000f060: 6170 6869 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6572 aphical. ter\n-0000f070: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 minal. The valu\n-0000f080: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e e of this option\n-0000f090: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 2066 696c 6520 must be a file \n-0000f0a0: 7265 6164 6162 6c65 2062 7920 4752 5542 readable by GRUB\n-0000f0b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 . at boot ti\n-0000f0c0: 6d65 2c20 616e 6420 6974 206d 7573 7420 me, and it must \n-0000f0d0: 656e 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2e70 6e67 end with ....png\n-0000f0e0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2e74 6761 e280 992c ..., ....tga...,\n-0000f0f0: 20e2 8098 2e6a 7067 e280 992c 206f 720a ....jpg..., or.\n-0000f100: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2e6a 7065 67e2 8099 ....jpeg...\n-0000f110: 2e20 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2077 696c . The image wil\n-0000f120: 6c20 6265 2073 6361 6c65 6420 6966 206e l be scaled if n\n-0000f130: 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7420 ecessary to fit \n-0000f140: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 the screen.. \n-0000f150: 2049 6d61 6765 2068 6569 6768 7420 616e Image height an\n-0000f160: 6420 7769 6474 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 d width will be \n-0000f170: 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2062 7920 616e restricted by an\n-0000f180: 2061 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c20 6c69 6d69 artificial limi\n-0000f190: 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 3136 3338 342e t of. 16384.\n-0000f1a0: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5448 454d 45e2 .....GRUB_THEME.\n-0000f1b0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 7468 ... Set a th\n-0000f1c0: 656d 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7769 7468 eme for use with\n-0000f1d0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 the ...gfxterm.\n-0000f1e0: 8099 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 .. graphical ter\n-0000f1f0: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f minal......GRUB_\n-0000f200: 4746 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX\n-0000f210: e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 .... Set to \n-0000f220: e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 666f ...text... to fo\n-0000f230: 7263 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 rce the Linux ke\n-0000f240: 726e 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 rnel to boot in \n-0000f250: 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 normal text. \n-0000f260: 206d 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 mode, ...keep..\n-0000f270: 9920 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 . to preserve th\n-0000f280: 6520 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 e graphics mode \n-0000f290: 7365 7420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 set using. .\n-0000f2a0: 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 ..GRUB_GFXMODE..\n-0000f2b0: 992c 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 ., ...WIDTHxHEIG\n-0000f2c0: 4854 e280 995b e280 9878 4445 5054 48e2 HT...[...xDEPTH.\n-0000f2d0: 8099 5d20 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 ..] to set a par\n-0000f2e0: 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2067 7261 ticular. gra\n-0000f2f0: 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f72 2061 phics mode, or a\n-0000f300: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 sequence of the\n-0000f310: 7365 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 se separated by \n-0000f320: 636f 6d6d 6173 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 commas or. s\n-0000f330: 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 746f 2074 7279 emicolons to try\n-0000f340: 2073 6576 6572 616c 206d 6f64 6573 2069 several modes i\n-0000f350: 6e20 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 202a 4e6f n sequence. *No\n-0000f360: 7465 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643a 3a2e te gfxpayload::.\n-0000f370: 0a0a 2020 2020 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 .. Depending\n-0000f380: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c on your kernel,\n-0000f390: 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 your distributi\n-0000f3a0: 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 on, your graphic\n-0000f3b0: 7320 6361 7264 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 s card,. and\n-0000f3c0: 2074 6865 2070 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 the phase of th\n-0000f3d0: 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 e moon, note tha\n-0000f3e0: 7420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 t using this opt\n-0000f3f0: 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 ion may cause. \n-0000f400: 2020 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 GNU/Linux to \n-0000f410: 7375 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 suffer from vari\n-0000f420: 6f75 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 ous display prob\n-0000f430: 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 lems, particular\n-0000f440: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 2074 ly. during t\n-0000f450: 6865 2065 6172 6c79 2070 6172 7420 6f66 he early part of\n-0000f460: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e the boot sequen\n-0000f470: 6365 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 ce. If you have\n-0000f480: 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 0a20 2020 2020 problems,. \n-0000f490: 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 set this option \n-0000f4a0: 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e to ...text... an\n-0000f4b0: 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c d GRUB will tell\n-0000f4c0: 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 Linux to boot i\n-0000f4d0: 6e0a 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 n. normal te\n-0000f4e0: 7874 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 xt mode......GRU\n-0000f4f0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4f53 5f50 524f B_DISABLE_OS_PRO\n-0000f500: 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 BER.... The \n-0000f510: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-0000f520: e280 9920 6861 7320 6120 6665 6174 7572 ... has a featur\n-0000f530: 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2065 7874 e to use the ext\n-0000f540: 6572 6e61 6c20 e280 986f 732d 7072 6f62 ernal ...os-prob\n-0000f550: 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 er.... progr\n-0000f560: 616d 2074 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 206f am to discover o\n-0000f570: 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 ther operating s\n-0000f580: 7973 7465 6d73 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 ystems installed\n-0000f590: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 on the same. \n-0000f5a0: 2020 6d61 6368 696e 6520 616e 6420 6765 machine and ge\n-0000f5b0: 6e65 7261 7465 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 nerate appropria\n-0000f5c0: 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 te menu entries \n-0000f5d0: 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e20 2049 7420 6973 for them. It is\n-0000f5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 . disabled b\n-0000f5f0: 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 7369 6e63 6520 y default since \n-0000f600: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 6420 7369 automatic and si\n-0000f610: 6c65 6e74 2065 7865 6375 7469 6f6e 206f lent execution o\n-0000f620: 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f f. ...os-pro\n-0000f630: 6265 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6372 6561 ber..., and crea\n-0000f640: 7469 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 ting boot entrie\n-0000f650: 7320 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 s based on that \n-0000f660: 6461 7461 2c20 6973 2061 0a20 2020 2020 data, is a. \n-0000f670: 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6174 7461 636b potential attack\n-0000f680: 2076 6563 746f 722e 2020 5365 7420 7468 vector. Set th\n-0000f690: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 is option to ...\n-0000f6a0: 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e 6162 false... to enab\n-0000f6b0: 6c65 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2066 6561 le this. fea\n-0000f6c0: 7475 7265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 ture in the ...g\n-0000f6d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-0000f6e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 command......GRU\n-0000f6f0: 425f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 525f 534b 4950 B_OS_PROBER_SKIP\n-0000f700: 5f4c 4953 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 _LIST.... Li\n-0000f710: 7374 206f 6620 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 st of space-sepa\n-0000f720: 7261 7465 6420 4653 2055 5549 4473 206f rated FS UUIDs o\n-0000f730: 6620 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f f filesystems to\n-0000f740: 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 6672 6f6d be ignored from\n-0000f750: 0a20 2020 2020 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 . os-prober \n-0000f760: 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 6669 output. For efi\n-0000f770: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6974 chainloaders it\n-0000f780: 2773 203c 5555 4944 3e40 3c45 4649 2046 's @.....GRUB_DI\n-0000f7a0: 5341 424c 455f 5355 424d 454e 55e2 8099 SABLE_SUBMENU...\n-0000f7b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 . Normally, \n-0000f7c0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-0000f7d0: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 ... will generat\n-0000f7e0: 6520 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 6d65 6e75 e top level menu\n-0000f7f0: 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 entry for. \n-0000f800: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6974 6820 the kernel with \n-0000f810: 6869 6768 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 highest version \n-0000f820: 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 2070 7574 2061 number and put a\n-0000f830: 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 ll other found. \n-0000f840: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6f72 2061 kernels or a\n-0000f850: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 lternative menu \n-0000f860: 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7265 636f entries for reco\n-0000f870: 7665 7279 206d 6f64 6520 696e 2073 7562 very mode in sub\n-0000f880: 6d65 6e75 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 menu.. For e\n-0000f890: 6e74 7269 6573 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 ntries returned \n-0000f8a0: 6279 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 by ...os-prober.\n-0000f8b0: 8099 2066 6972 7374 2065 6e74 7279 2077 .. first entry w\n-0000f8c0: 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7574 206f 6e20 746f ill be put on to\n-0000f8d0: 700a 2020 2020 206c 6576 656c 2061 6e64 p. level and\n-0000f8e0: 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 7320 696e 2073 all others in s\n-0000f8f0: 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 ubmenu. If this\n-0000f900: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 option is set t\n-0000f910: 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c0a 2020 o ...true...,. \n-0000f920: 2020 2066 6c61 7420 6d65 6e75 2077 6974 flat menu wit\n-0000f930: 6820 616c 6c20 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e h all entries on\n-0000f940: 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2077 696c 6c20 top level will \n-0000f950: 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e73 be generated ins\n-0000f960: 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 tead.. Chang\n-0000f970: 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ing this option \n-0000f980: 7769 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 2063 6861 will require cha\n-0000f990: 6e67 696e 6720 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2076 nging existing v\n-0000f9a0: 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 alues of. ..\n-0000f9b0: 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 .GRUB_DEFAULT...\n-0000f9c0: 2c20 e280 9866 616c 6c62 6163 6be2 8099 , ...fallback...\n-0000f9d0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6661 6c6c 6261 636b (*note fallback\n-0000f9e0: 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 e280 9864 6566 6175 ::) and ...defau\n-0000f9f0: 6c74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 lt... (*note. \n-0000fa00: 2020 6465 6661 756c 743a 3a29 2065 6e76 default::) env\n-0000fa10: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0000fa20: 6573 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7361 es as well as sa\n-0000fa30: 7665 6420 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 ved default entr\n-0000fa40: 790a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 y. using ...\n-0000fa50: 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 grub-set-default\n-0000fa60: e280 9920 616e 6420 7661 6c75 6520 7573 ... and value us\n-0000fa70: 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d ed with ...grub-\n-0000fa80: 7265 626f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 reboot.........G\n-0000fa90: 5255 425f 454e 4142 4c45 5f43 5259 5054 RUB_ENABLE_CRYPT\n-0000faa0: 4f44 4953 4be2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 ODISK.... If\n-0000fab0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 992c set to ...y...,\n-0000fac0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-0000fad0: 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 g... and ...grub\n-0000fae0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c -install... will\n-0000faf0: 2063 6865 636b 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 check for. \n-0000fb00: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 encrypted disks \n-0000fb10: 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 6464 and generate add\n-0000fb20: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 itional commands\n-0000fb30: 206e 6565 6465 6420 746f 2061 6363 6573 needed to acces\n-0000fb40: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 6475 7269 s. them duri\n-0000fb50: 6e67 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 ng boot. Note t\n-0000fb60: 6861 7420 696e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 hat in this case\n-0000fb70: 2075 6e61 7474 656e 6465 6420 626f 6f74 unattended boot\n-0000fb80: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 is not. pos\n-0000fb90: 7369 626c 6520 6265 6361 7573 6520 4752 sible because GR\n-0000fba0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 UB will wait for\n-0000fbb0: 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 746f 2075 passphrase to u\n-0000fbc0: 6e6c 6f63 6b20 656e 6372 7970 7465 640a nlock encrypted.\n-0000fbd0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2e0a container..\n-0000fbe0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f49 4e49 545f 5455 ....GRUB_INIT_TU\n-0000fbf0: 4e45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 NE.... Play \n-0000fc00: 6120 7475 6e65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 a tune on the sp\n-0000fc10: 6561 6b65 7220 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 eaker when GRUB \n-0000fc20: 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 starts. This is\n-0000fc30: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 790a 2020 particularly. \n-0000fc40: 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 7573 useful for us\n-0000fc50: 6572 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7365 ers unable to se\n-0000fc60: 6520 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 e the screen. T\n-0000fc70: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 he value of this\n-0000fc80: 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 . option is \n-0000fc90: 7061 7373 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 passed directly \n-0000fca0: 746f 202a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 793a 3a2e to *note play::.\n-0000fcb0: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4241 4452 414d .....GRUB_BADRAM\n-0000fcc0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 .... If this\n-0000fcd0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2c20 option is set, \n-0000fce0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6973 7375 6520 GRUB will issue \n-0000fcf0: 6120 2a6e 6f74 6520 6261 6472 616d 3a3a a *note badram::\n-0000fd00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 command to. \n-0000fd10: 2066 696c 7465 7220 6f75 7420 7370 6563 filter out spec\n-0000fd20: 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 ified regions of\n-0000fd30: 2052 414d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f50 RAM......GRUB_P\n-0000fd40: 5245 4c4f 4144 5f4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 RELOAD_MODULES..\n-0000fd50: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 .. This opti\n-0000fd60: 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f on may be set to\n-0000fd70: 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 a list of GRUB \n-0000fd80: 6d6f 6475 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2073 6570 module names sep\n-0000fd90: 6172 6174 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 arated by. s\n-0000fda0: 7061 6365 732e 2020 4561 6368 206d 6f64 paces. Each mod\n-0000fdb0: 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 ule will be load\n-0000fdc0: 6564 2061 7320 6561 726c 7920 6173 2070 ed as early as p\n-0000fdd0: 6f73 7369 626c 652c 2061 7420 7468 650a ossible, at the.\n-0000fde0: 2020 2020 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 e280 start of ..\n-0000fdf0: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 .grub.cfg.......\n-0000fe00: 8098 4752 5542 5f52 4543 4f52 4446 4149 ..GRUB_RECORDFAI\n-0000fe10: 4c5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 L_TIMEOUT.... \n-0000fe20: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n-0000fe30: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 is set, it over\n-0000fe40: 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c rides the defaul\n-0000fe50: 7420 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c 2073 6574 t recordfail set\n-0000fe60: 7469 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 2073 6574 ting.. A set\n-0000fe70: 7469 6e67 206f 6620 2d31 2063 6175 7365 ting of -1 cause\n-0000fe80: 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 s GRUB to wait f\n-0000fe90: 6f72 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 696e or user input in\n-0000fea0: 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 definitely.. \n-0000feb0: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6120 6661 6c73 However, a fals\n-0000fec0: 6520 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e20 7468 e positive in th\n-0000fed0: 6520 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c 206d 6563 e recordfail mec\n-0000fee0: 6861 6e69 736d 206d 6179 206f 6363 7572 hanism may occur\n-0000fef0: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2069 if. power i\n-0000ff00: 7320 6c6f 7374 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f s lost during bo\n-0000ff10: 6f74 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 2073 ot before boot s\n-0000ff20: 7563 6365 7373 2069 7320 7265 636f 7264 uccess is record\n-0000ff30: 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 7365 7273 ed in. users\n-0000ff40: 7061 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 pace. The defau\n-0000ff50: 6c74 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 3330 lt setting is 30\n-0000ff60: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7573 6573 2047 , which causes G\n-0000ff70: 5255 4220 746f 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 RUB to wait. \n-0000ff80: 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 for user input \n-0000ff90: 666f 7220 7468 6972 7479 2073 6563 6f6e for thirty secon\n-0000ffa0: 6473 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6e74 696e ds before contin\n-0000ffb0: 7569 6e67 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6465 6661 uing. This defa\n-0000ffc0: 756c 740a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 ult. allows \n-0000ffd0: 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 6520 7573 6572 interactive user\n-0000ffe0: 7320 7468 6520 6f70 706f 7274 756e 6974 s the opportunit\n-0000fff0: 7920 746f 2073 7769 7463 6820 746f 2061 y to switch to a\n-00010000: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 different,. \n-00010010: 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c working kernel,\n-00010020: 2077 6869 6c65 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 while avoiding \n-00010030: 6120 6661 6c73 6520 706f 7369 7469 7665 a false positive\n-00010040: 2063 6175 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6f6f causing the boo\n-00010050: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 t to. block \n-00010060: 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 indefinitely on \n-00010070: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2061 6e64 2061 7070 headless and app\n-00010080: 6c69 616e 6365 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 liance systems w\n-00010090: 6865 7265 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 here access. \n-000100a0: 2074 6f20 6120 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 to a console is\n-000100b0: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 6f72 206c restricted or l\n-000100c0: 696d 6974 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 imited... Th\n-000100d0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206f 6e6c is option is onl\n-000100e0: 7920 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 7768 656e y effective when\n-000100f0: 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 636f 6e66 6967 GRUB was config\n-00010100: 7572 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 ured with the. \n-00010110: 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 656e 6162 6c65 2d71 ...--enable-q\n-00010120: 7569 636b 2d62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206f 7074 uick-boot... opt\n-00010130: 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5245 ion......GRUB_RE\n-00010140: 434f 5645 5259 5f54 4954 4c45 e280 990a COVERY_TITLE....\n-00010150: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n-00010160: 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 456e 676c 6973 sets the Englis\n-00010170: 6820 7465 7874 206f 6620 7468 6520 7374 h text of the st\n-00010180: 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 ring that will b\n-00010190: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 e. displayed\n-000101a0: 2069 6e20 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 in parentheses \n-000101b0: 746f 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 7468 6174 to indicate that\n-000101c0: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 a boot option i\n-000101d0: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 0a20 2020 2020 s provided. \n-000101e0: 746f 2068 656c 7020 7573 6572 7320 7265 to help users re\n-000101f0: 636f 7665 7220 6120 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 cover a broken s\n-00010200: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ystem. The defa\n-00010210: 756c 7420 6973 2022 7265 636f 7665 7279 ult is \"recovery\n-00010220: 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 222e 0a0a 2020 . mode\"... \n-00010230: 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f The following o\n-00010240: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 7469 6c6c ptions are still\n-00010250: 2061 6363 6570 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f accepted for co\n-00010260: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 mpatibility with\n-00010270: 0a65 7869 7374 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 .existing config\n-00010280: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 6861 urations, but ha\n-00010290: 7665 2062 6574 7465 7220 7265 706c 6163 ve better replac\n-000102a0: 656d 656e 7473 3a0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 ements:.....GRUB\n-000102b0: 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 _HIDDEN_TIMEOUT.\n-000102c0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5761 6974 2074 6869 ... Wait thi\n-000102d0: 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 s many seconds b\n-000102e0: 6566 6f72 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 efore displaying\n-000102f0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 203c the menu. If <\n-00010300: 4553 433e 206f 720a 2020 2020 203c 4634 ESC> or. are pressed, o\n-00010320: 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 6973 2068 656c r is hel\n-00010330: 6420 646f 776e 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 d down during th\n-00010340: 6174 2074 696d 652c 2064 6973 706c 6179 at time, display\n-00010350: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 . the menu a\n-00010360: 6e64 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 696e 7075 nd wait for inpu\n-00010370: 7420 6163 636f 7264 696e 6720 746f 20e2 t according to .\n-00010380: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT..\n-00010390: 992e 2020 4966 2061 0a20 2020 2020 686f .. If a. ho\n-000103a0: 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 tkey associated \n-000103b0: 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 with a menu entr\n-000103c0: 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 626f y is pressed, bo\n-000103d0: 6f74 2074 6865 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 ot the associate\n-000103e0: 640a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 d. menu entr\n-000103f0: 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 y immediately. \n-00010400: 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 If the timeout e\n-00010410: 7870 6972 6573 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6569 xpires before ei\n-00010420: 7468 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ther of. the\n-00010430: 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6469 7370 se happens, disp\n-00010440: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2066 6f72 lay the menu for\n-00010450: 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 the number of s\n-00010460: 6563 6f6e 6473 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 econds specified\n-00010470: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 20e2 8098 4752 5542 . in ...GRUB\n-00010480: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 6265 666f _TIMEOUT... befo\n-00010490: 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 re booting the d\n-000104a0: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 0a20 efault entry... \n-000104b0: 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 6574 20e2 If you set .\n-000104c0: 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 ..GRUB_HIDDEN_TI\n-000104d0: 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 796f 7520 7368 MEOUT..., you sh\n-000104e0: 6f75 6c64 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 740a 2020 ould also set. \n-000104f0: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ...GRUB_TIMEO\n-00010500: 5554 3d30 e280 9920 736f 2074 6861 7420 UT=0... so that \n-00010510: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 the menu is not \n-00010520: 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6174 2061 6c6c displayed at all\n-00010530: 2075 6e6c 6573 730a 2020 2020 203c 4553 unless. or are p\n-00010550: 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 203c 5348 4946 ressed, or is held down.\n-00010570: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 .. This opti\n-00010580: 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 on is unset by d\n-00010590: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 efault, and is d\n-000105a0: 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 eprecated in fav\n-000105b0: 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 our of the. \n-000105c0: 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 less confusing .\n-000105d0: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n-000105e0: 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 TYLE=countdown..\n-000105f0: 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 . or. ...GRU\n-00010600: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d B_TIMEOUT_STYLE=\n-00010610: 6869 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 hidden.........G\n-00010620: 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f RUB_HIDDEN_TIMEO\n-00010630: 5554 5f51 5549 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 UT_QUIET.... \n-00010640: 2049 6e20 636f 6e6a 756e 6374 696f 6e20 In conjunction \n-00010650: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 with ...GRUB_HID\n-00010660: 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 DEN_TIMEOUT..., \n-00010670: 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 e280 9874 set this to ...t\n-00010680: 7275 65e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 rue... to. s\n-00010690: 7570 7072 6573 7320 7468 6520 7665 7262 uppress the verb\n-000106a0: 6f73 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 7768 ose countdown wh\n-000106b0: 696c 6520 7761 6974 696e 6720 666f 7220 ile waiting for \n-000106c0: 6120 6b65 7920 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 a key to be. \n-000106d0: 2070 7265 7373 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 pressed before \n-000106e0: 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d displaying the m\n-000106f0: 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 enu... This \n-00010700: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 option is unset \n-00010710: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 by default, and \n-00010720: 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e is deprecated in\n-00010730: 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 favour of the. \n-00010740: 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 less confusi\n-00010750: 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ng ...GRUB_TIMEO\n-00010760: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f UT_STYLE=countdo\n-00010770: 776e e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f wn.........GRUB_\n-00010780: 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_B\n-00010790: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5661 UTTON.... Va\n-000107a0: 7269 616e 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 4752 5542 riant of ...GRUB\n-000107b0: 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 _HIDDEN_TIMEOUT.\n-000107c0: 8099 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 .., used to supp\n-000107d0: 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 ort vendor-speci\n-000107e0: 6669 630a 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2062 fic. power b\n-000107f0: 7574 746f 6e73 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2056 uttons. *Note V\n-00010800: 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b endor power-on k\n-00010810: 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 eys::... Thi\n-00010820: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 s option is unse\n-00010830: 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e t by default, an\n-00010840: 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 d is deprecated \n-00010850: 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 in favour of the\n-00010860: 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 . less confu\n-00010870: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d sing ...GRUB_TIM\n-00010880: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 EOUT_STYLE=count\n-00010890: 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 down... or. \n-000108a0: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ...GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n-000108b0: 5354 594c 453d 6869 6464 656e e280 992e STYLE=hidden....\n-000108c0: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 .. For more de\n-000108d0: 7461 696c 6564 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7361 tailed customisa\n-000108e0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d tion of ...grub-\n-000108f0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9927 7320 6f75 mkconfig...'s ou\n-00010900: 7470 7574 2c20 796f 7520 6d61 790a 6564 tput, you may.ed\n-00010910: 6974 2074 6865 2073 6372 6970 7473 2069 it the scripts i\n-00010920: 6e20 e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 n .../etc/grub.d\n-00010930: e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 20e2 ... directly. .\n-00010940: 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f 3430 ../etc/grub.d/40\n-00010950: 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 8099 2069 730a 7061 _custom... is.pa\n-00010960: 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2075 7365 6675 rticularly usefu\n-00010970: 6c20 666f 7220 6164 6469 6e67 2065 6e74 l for adding ent\n-00010980: 6972 6520 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 ire custom menu \n-00010990: 656e 7472 6965 733b 2073 696d 706c 7920 entries; simply \n-000109a0: 7479 7065 0a74 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e type.the menu en\n-000109b0: 7472 6965 7320 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 tries you want t\n-000109c0: 6f20 6164 6420 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 o add at the end\n-000109d0: 206f 6620 7468 6174 2066 696c 652c 206d of that file, m\n-000109e0: 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6f0a 6c65 aking sure to.le\n-000109f0: 6176 6520 6174 206c 6561 7374 2074 6865 ave at least the\n-00010a00: 2066 6972 7374 2074 776f 206c 696e 6573 first two lines\n-00010a10: 2069 6e74 6163 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 intact.....File\n-00010a20: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00010a30: 6465 3a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 de: Root Identif\n-00010a40: 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 cation Heuristic\n-00010a50: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d s, Next: Shell-\n-00010a60: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 like scripting, \n-00010a70: 2050 7265 763a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f Prev: Simple co\n-00010a80: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 nfiguration, Up\n-00010a90: 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a : Configuration.\n-00010aa0: 0a36 2e32 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 .6.2 Root Identi\n-00010ab0: 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 fcation Heuristi\n-00010ac0: 6373 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d cs.=============\n+0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n+0000c0a0: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 gram ...grub-mkc\n+0000c0b0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 onfig... (*note \n+0000c0c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+0000c0d0: 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2920 6765 6e65 7261 config::) genera\n+0000c0e0: 7465 730a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 tes....grub.cfg.\n+0000c0f0: 8099 2066 696c 6573 2073 7569 7461 626c .. files suitabl\n+0000c100: 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 e for most cases\n+0000c110: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 7569 7461 626c . It is suitabl\n+0000c120: 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7768 656e 0a75 e for use when.u\n+0000c130: 7067 7261 6469 6e67 2061 2064 6973 7472 pgrading a distr\n+0000c140: 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2077 696c ibution, and wil\n+0000c150: 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 2061 7661 696c l discover avail\n+0000c160: 6162 6c65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2061 6e64 able kernels and\n+0000c170: 0a61 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 .attempt to gene\n+0000c180: 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 rate menu entrie\n+0000c190: 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 s for them... \n+0000c1a0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+0000c1b0: e280 9920 646f 6573 2068 6176 6520 736f ... does have so\n+0000c1c0: 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 me limitations. \n+0000c1d0: 2057 6869 6c65 2061 6464 696e 6720 6578 While adding ex\n+0000c1e0: 7472 610a 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 tra.custom menu \n+0000c1f0: 656e 7472 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 entries to the e\n+0000c200: 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 7374 2063 nd of the list c\n+0000c210: 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 7920 6564 an be done by ed\n+0000c220: 6974 696e 670a e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 iting..../etc/gr\n+0000c230: 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 ub.d/40_custom..\n+0000c240: 9920 6f72 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 e280 . or creating ..\n+0000c250: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6375 7374 ./boot/grub/cust\n+0000c260: 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2063 6861 6e67 om.cfg..., chang\n+0000c270: 696e 670a 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 ing.the order of\n+0000c280: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f72 menu entries or\n+0000c290: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6569 7220 changing their \n+0000c2a0: 7469 746c 6573 206d 6179 2072 6571 7569 titles may requi\n+0000c2b0: 7265 206d 616b 696e 670a 636f 6d70 6c65 re making.comple\n+0000c2c0: 7820 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f 2073 6865 x changes to she\n+0000c2d0: 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 7473 2073 746f 7265 ll scripts store\n+0000c2e0: 6420 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 d in .../etc/gru\n+0000c2f0: 622e 642f e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d b.d/.... This m\n+0000c300: 6179 2062 650a 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2069 ay be.improved i\n+0000c310: 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e20 2049 n the future. I\n+0000c320: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 n the meantime, \n+0000c330: 7468 6f73 6520 7768 6f20 6665 656c 2074 those who feel t\n+0000c340: 6861 7420 6974 2077 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 hat it would.be \n+0000c350: 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 easier to write \n+0000c360: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2064 ...grub.cfg... d\n+0000c370: 6972 6563 746c 7920 6172 6520 656e 636f irectly are enco\n+0000c380: 7572 6167 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 uraged to do so \n+0000c390: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a (*note.Booting::\n+0000c3a0: 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c , and *note Shel\n+0000c3b0: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n+0000c3c0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 6469 7361 ::), and to disa\n+0000c3d0: 626c 6520 616e 7920 7379 7374 656d 0a70 ble any system.p\n+0000c3e0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 6972 rovided by their\n+0000c3f0: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 746f distribution to\n+0000c400: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 automatically r\n+0000c410: 756e 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e un ...grub-mkcon\n+0000c420: 6669 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 fig...... The \n+0000c430: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 file .../etc/def\n+0000c440: 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e ault/grub... con\n+0000c450: 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 trols the operat\n+0000c460: 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ion of....grub-m\n+0000c470: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 kconfig.... It \n+0000c480: 6973 2073 6f75 7263 6564 2062 7920 6120 is sourced by a \n+0000c490: 7368 656c 6c20 7363 7269 7074 2c20 616e shell script, an\n+0000c4a0: 6420 736f 206d 7573 7420 6265 2076 616c d so must be val\n+0000c4b0: 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 id.POSIX shell i\n+0000c4c0: 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 nput; normally, \n+0000c4d0: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 6520 it will just be \n+0000c4e0: 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 e280 a sequence of ..\n+0000c4f0: 984b 4559 3d76 616c 7565 e280 990a 6c69 .KEY=value....li\n+0000c500: 6e65 732c 2062 7574 2069 6620 7468 6520 nes, but if the \n+0000c510: 7661 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 value contains s\n+0000c520: 7061 6365 7320 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2073 paces or other s\n+0000c530: 7065 6369 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 pecial character\n+0000c540: 7320 7468 656e 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 2062 s then.it must b\n+0000c550: 6520 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 e quoted. For e\n+0000c560: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 xample:.. GR\n+0000c570: 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 UB_TERMINAL_INPU\n+0000c580: 543d 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 6572 6961 T=\"console seria\n+0000c590: 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 616c 6964 206b 6579 l\".. Valid key\n+0000c5a0: 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 s in .../etc/def\n+0000c5b0: 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2061 7265 ault/grub... are\n+0000c5c0: 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 as follows:....\n+0000c5d0: 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 .GRUB_DEFAULT...\n+0000c5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c . The defaul\n+0000c5f0: 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 t menu entry. T\n+0000c600: 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 206e 756d his may be a num\n+0000c610: 6265 722c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 ber, in which ca\n+0000c620: 7365 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 se it. ident\n+0000c630: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 4e74 6820 656e ifies the Nth en\n+0000c640: 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 try in the gener\n+0000c650: 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 636f 756e 7465 ated menu counte\n+0000c660: 6420 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 d from zero,. \n+0000c670: 2020 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f or the title o\n+0000c680: 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 f a menu entry, \n+0000c690: 6f72 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 or the special s\n+0000c6a0: 7472 696e 6720 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 tring ...saved..\n+0000c6b0: 992e 2020 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 .. Using. t\n+0000c6c0: 6865 2069 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 he id may be use\n+0000c6d0: 6675 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 ful if you want \n+0000c6e0: 746f 2073 6574 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e to set a menu en\n+0000c6f0: 7472 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 try as the defau\n+0000c700: 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 6576 656e 2074 686f lt. even tho\n+0000c710: 7567 6820 7468 6572 6520 6d61 7920 6265 ugh there may be\n+0000c720: 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 a variable numb\n+0000c730: 6572 206f 6620 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 er of entries be\n+0000c740: 666f 7265 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 fore it... F\n+0000c750: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 or example, if y\n+0000c760: 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d ou have:.. m\n+0000c770: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c enuentry 'Exampl\n+0000c780: 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 e GNU/Linux dist\n+0000c790: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 ribution' --clas\n+0000c7a0: 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 s gnu-linux --id\n+0000c7b0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e example-gnu-lin\n+0000c7c0: 7578 207b 0a20 2020 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 ux {. ..... \n+0000c7d0: 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e }.. then\n+0000c7e0: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 you can make th\n+0000c7f0: 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 is the default u\n+0000c800: 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sing:.. \n+0000c810: 2047 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 6578 GRUB_DEFAULT=ex\n+0000c820: 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a ample-gnu-linux.\n+0000c830: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 . Previously\n+0000c840: 2069 7420 7761 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 it was document\n+0000c850: 6564 2074 6865 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7573 ed the way to us\n+0000c860: 6520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 652e 2020 e entry title. \n+0000c870: 5768 696c 650a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 While. this \n+0000c880: 7374 696c 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6974 2773 still works it's\n+0000c890: 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 not recommended\n+0000c8a0: 2073 696e 6365 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 since titles of\n+0000c8b0: 7465 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 ten contain. \n+0000c8c0: 2075 6e73 7461 626c 6520 6465 7669 6365 unstable device\n+0000c8d0: 206e 616d 6573 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 names and may b\n+0000c8e0: 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 e translated.. \n+0000c8f0: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 If you set th\n+0000c900: 6973 2074 6f20 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 is to ...saved..\n+0000c910: 992c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6465 6661 ., then the defa\n+0000c920: 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2077 ult menu entry w\n+0000c930: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 ill be. that\n+0000c940: 2073 6176 6564 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 saved by ...GRU\n+0000c950: 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 B_SAVEDEFAULT...\n+0000c960: 206f 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d or ...grub-set-\n+0000c970: 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 default.... Thi\n+0000c980: 730a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e s. relies on\n+0000c990: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n+0000c9a0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 block, which ma\n+0000c9b0: 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 y not be availab\n+0000c9c0: 6c65 2069 6e20 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 le in all. s\n+0000c9d0: 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 ituations (*note\n+0000c9e0: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f Environment blo\n+0000c9f0: 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ck::)... The\n+0000ca00: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9830 default is ...0\n+0000ca10: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 .........GRUB_SA\n+0000ca20: 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 VEDEFAULT.... \n+0000ca30: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n+0000ca40: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 is set to ...tr\n+0000ca50: 7565 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 ue..., then, whe\n+0000ca60: 6e20 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 n an entry is se\n+0000ca70: 6c65 6374 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6176 lected,. sav\n+0000ca80: 6520 6974 2061 7320 6120 6e65 7720 6465 e it as a new de\n+0000ca90: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 fault entry for \n+0000caa0: 7573 6520 6279 2066 7574 7572 6520 7275 use by future ru\n+0000cab0: 6e73 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6973 ns of GRUB. This\n+0000cac0: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 . is only us\n+0000cad0: 6566 756c 2069 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f eful if ...GRUB_\n+0000cae0: 4445 4641 554c 543d 7361 7665 64e2 8099 DEFAULT=saved...\n+0000caf0: 3b20 6974 2069 7320 6120 7365 7061 7261 ; it is a separa\n+0000cb00: 7465 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 te option. b\n+0000cb10: 6563 6175 7365 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 ecause ...GRUB_D\n+0000cb20: 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 e280 9920 EFAULT=saved... \n+0000cb30: 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 is useful withou\n+0000cb40: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 t this option, i\n+0000cb50: 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 n. conjuncti\n+0000cb60: 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d on with ...grub-\n+0000cb70: 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 set-default.... \n+0000cb80: 2055 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c Unset by defaul\n+0000cb90: 742e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 t. This. op\n+0000cba0: 7469 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 tion relies on t\n+0000cbb0: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n+0000cbc0: 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 lock, which may \n+0000cbd0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 not be available\n+0000cbe0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 . in all sit\n+0000cbf0: 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 uations (*note E\n+0000cc00: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+0000cc10: 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 ::)......GRUB_TI\n+0000cc20: 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 426f MEOUT.... Bo\n+0000cc30: 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 ot the default e\n+0000cc40: 6e74 7279 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 ntry this many s\n+0000cc50: 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 econds after the\n+0000cc60: 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 menu is. di\n+0000cc70: 7370 6c61 7965 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 splayed, unless \n+0000cc80: 6120 6b65 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 a key is pressed\n+0000cc90: 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 . The default i\n+0000cca0: 7320 e280 9835 e280 992e 2020 5365 7420 s ...5.... Set \n+0000ccb0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9830 e280 9920 to. ...0... \n+0000ccc0: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6d65 6469 6174 to boot immediat\n+0000ccd0: 656c 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 ely without disp\n+0000cce0: 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c laying the menu,\n+0000ccf0: 206f 7220 746f 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 or to ...-1... \n+0000cd00: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7761 6974 2069 6e64 to. wait ind\n+0000cd10: 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 efinitely... \n+0000cd20: 2049 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 If ...GRUB_TIME\n+0000cd30: 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2069 7320 OUT_STYLE... is \n+0000cd40: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 set to ...countd\n+0000cd50: 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 own... or ...hid\n+0000cd60: 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 den..., the. \n+0000cd70: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 timeout is inst\n+0000cd80: 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f ead counted befo\n+0000cd90: 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 re the menu is d\n+0000cda0: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 isplayed......GR\n+0000cdb0: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n+0000cdc0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 .... If this\n+0000cdd0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 option is unset\n+0000cde0: 206f 7220 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 or set to ...me\n+0000cdf0: 6e75 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 nu..., then GRUB\n+0000ce00: 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 will display. \n+0000ce10: 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 the menu and \n+0000ce20: 7468 656e 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 then wait for th\n+0000ce30: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 e timeout set by\n+0000ce40: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0000ce50: e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 ... to. expi\n+0000ce60: 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e re before bootin\n+0000ce70: 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e g the default en\n+0000ce80: 7472 792e 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 try. Pressing a\n+0000ce90: 206b 6579 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 730a key interrupts.\n+0000cea0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 the timeout\n+0000ceb0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 ... If this \n+0000cec0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f option is set to\n+0000ced0: 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 ...countdown...\n+0000cee0: 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 or ...hidden...\n+0000cef0: 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 6265 666f 7265 0a20 , then, before. \n+0000cf00: 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 displaying t\n+0000cf10: 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 4220 7769 he menu, GRUB wi\n+0000cf20: 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 ll wait for the \n+0000cf30: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 0a20 timeout set by. \n+0000cf40: 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 ...GRUB_TIME\n+0000cf50: 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 6578 7069 7265 OUT... to expire\n+0000cf60: 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 203c . If or <\n+0000cf70: 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 7365 642c F4> are pressed,\n+0000cf80: 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e0a 2020 2020 or . \n+0000cf90: 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 is held down du\n+0000cfa0: 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 ring that time, \n+0000cfb0: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 it will display \n+0000cfc0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 the menu and wai\n+0000cfd0: 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 t. for input\n+0000cfe0: 2e20 2049 6620 6120 686f 746b 6579 2061 . If a hotkey a\n+0000cff0: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 ssociated with a\n+0000d000: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 menu entry is p\n+0000d010: 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ressed, it. \n+0000d020: 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6173 will boot the as\n+0000d030: 736f 6369 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e sociated menu en\n+0000d040: 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e try immediately.\n+0000d050: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 If the timeout\n+0000d060: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 7320 6265 . expires be\n+0000d070: 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 fore either of t\n+0000d080: 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 hese happens, it\n+0000d090: 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 will boot the d\n+0000d0a0: 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 efault. entr\n+0000d0b0: 792e 2020 496e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f y. In the ...co\n+0000d0c0: 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 652c untdown... case,\n+0000d0d0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 6120 it will show a \n+0000d0e0: 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 6174 one-line indicat\n+0000d0f0: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 ion. of the \n+0000d100: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a remaining time..\n+0000d110: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 ....GRUB_DEFAULT\n+0000d120: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 _BUTTON.......GR\n+0000d130: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f UB_TIMEOUT_BUTTO\n+0000d140: 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d N.......GRUB_TIM\n+0000d150: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f EOUT_STYLE_BUTTO\n+0000d160: 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 N.......GRUB_BUT\n+0000d170: 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 TON_CMOS_ADDRESS\n+0000d180: e280 990a 2020 2020 2056 6172 6961 6e74 .... Variant\n+0000d190: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 s of the corresp\n+0000d1a0: 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onding variables\n+0000d1b0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 without the ...\n+0000d1c0: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _BUTTON.... \n+0000d1d0: 7375 6666 6978 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 suffix, used to \n+0000d1e0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 support vendor-s\n+0000d1f0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 706f 7765 7220 6275 pecific power bu\n+0000d200: 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 ttons. *Note. \n+0000d210: 2020 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d Vendor power-\n+0000d220: 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 on keys::......G\n+0000d230: 5255 425f 4449 5354 5249 4255 544f 52e2 RUB_DISTRIBUTOR.\n+0000d240: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6279 2064 ... Set by d\n+0000d250: 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 istributors of G\n+0000d260: 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 6972 2069 6465 RUB to their ide\n+0000d270: 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 206e 616d 652e 2020 ntifying name. \n+0000d280: 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 This is. use\n+0000d290: 6420 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d6f d to generate mo\n+0000d2a0: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d re informative m\n+0000d2b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 6573 enu entry titles\n+0000d2c0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 ......GRUB_TERMI\n+0000d2d0: 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 NAL_INPUT.... \n+0000d2e0: 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 Select the ter\n+0000d2f0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6465 7669 minal input devi\n+0000d300: 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2073 656c ce. You may sel\n+0000d310: 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 6576 ect multiple dev\n+0000d320: 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 7265 2c20 ices. here, \n+0000d330: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 separated by spa\n+0000d340: 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 616c 6964 ces... Valid\n+0000d350: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 terminal input \n+0000d360: 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 names depend on \n+0000d370: 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 the platform, bu\n+0000d380: 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 t may include. \n+0000d390: 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 ...console...\n+0000d3a0: 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 (native platfor\n+0000d3b0: 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 m console), ...s\n+0000d3c0: 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c erial... (serial\n+0000d3d0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 terminal),. \n+0000d3e0: 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 ...serial_... (serial ter\n+0000d400: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 minal with expli\n+0000d410: 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 cit port selecti\n+0000d420: 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 745f on),. ...at_\n+0000d430: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2850 4320 keyboard... (PC \n+0000d440: 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 AT keyboard), or\n+0000d450: 20e2 8098 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 ...usb_keyboard\n+0000d460: e280 9920 2855 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 ... (USB keyboar\n+0000d470: 640a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 d. using the\n+0000d480: 2048 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 HID Boot Protoc\n+0000d490: 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 6361 7365 7320 7768 ol, for cases wh\n+0000d4a0: 6572 6520 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 ere the firmware\n+0000d4b0: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2068 does not. h\n+0000d4c0: 616e 646c 6520 7468 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 andle this)... \n+0000d4d0: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n+0000d4e0: 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 s to use the pla\n+0000d4f0: 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 tform's native t\n+0000d500: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 742e 0a0a erminal input...\n+0000d510: e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c ...GRUB_TERMINAL\n+0000d520: 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _OUTPUT.... \n+0000d530: 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 Select the termi\n+0000d540: 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2064 6576 6963 nal output devic\n+0000d550: 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 e. You may sele\n+0000d560: 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 ct multiple devi\n+0000d570: 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 ces. here, s\n+0000d580: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 eparated by spac\n+0000d590: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 es... Valid \n+0000d5a0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 7420 terminal output \n+0000d5b0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 names depend on \n+0000d5c0: 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 the platform, bu\n+0000d5d0: 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 t may include. \n+0000d5e0: 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 ...console...\n+0000d5f0: 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 (native platfor\n+0000d600: 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 m console), ...s\n+0000d610: 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c erial... (serial\n+0000d620: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 terminal),. \n+0000d630: 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 ...serial_... (serial ter\n+0000d650: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 minal with expli\n+0000d660: 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 cit port selecti\n+0000d670: 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 on),. ...gfx\n+0000d680: 7465 726d e280 9920 2867 7261 7068 6963 term... (graphic\n+0000d690: 732d 6d6f 6465 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c20 s-mode output), \n+0000d6a0: e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2028 ...vga_text... (\n+0000d6b0: 5647 4120 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 7429 VGA text output)\n+0000d6c0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 ,. ...mda_te\n+0000d6d0: 7874 e280 9920 284d 4441 2074 6578 7420 xt... (MDA text \n+0000d6e0: 6f75 7470 7574 292c 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 output), ...mors\n+0000d6f0: 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f 7273 652d 636f 6469 e... (Morse-codi\n+0000d700: 6e67 2075 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a ng using system.\n+0000d710: 2020 2020 2062 6565 7065 7229 206f 7220 beeper) or \n+0000d720: e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2028 ...spkmodem... (\n+0000d730: 7369 6d70 6c65 2064 6174 6120 7072 6f74 simple data prot\n+0000d740: 6f63 6f6c 2075 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 ocol using syste\n+0000d750: 6d20 7370 6561 6b65 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 m speaker)... \n+0000d760: 2020 e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 ...spkmodem...\n+0000d770: 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 is useful when \n+0000d780: 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 no serial port i\n+0000d790: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 436f s available. Co\n+0000d7a0: 6e6e 6563 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f nnect the. o\n+0000d7b0: 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2073 656e 6469 6e67 utput of sending\n+0000d7c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2877 6865 7265 2047 system (where G\n+0000d7d0: 5255 4220 6973 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 RUB is running) \n+0000d7e0: 746f 206c 696e 652d 696e 206f 660a 2020 to line-in of. \n+0000d7f0: 2020 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 receiving sys\n+0000d800: 7465 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2064 6576 tem (usually dev\n+0000d810: 656c 6f70 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 292e eloper machine).\n+0000d820: 2020 4f6e 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 On receiving s\n+0000d830: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 ystem. compi\n+0000d840: 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 le ...spkmodem-r\n+0000d850: 6563 76e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9875 ecv... from ...u\n+0000d860: 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 til/spkmodem-rec\n+0000d870: 762e 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a v.c... and run:.\n+0000d880: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 6563 . parec\n+0000d890: 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 ord --channels=1\n+0000d8a0: 202d 2d72 6174 653d 3438 3030 3020 2d2d --rate=48000 --\n+0000d8b0: 666f 726d 6174 3d73 3136 6c65 207c 202e format=s16le | .\n+0000d8c0: 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a /spkmodem-recv..\n+0000d8d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n+0000d8e0: 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 is to use the p\n+0000d8f0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 latform's native\n+0000d900: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 terminal output\n+0000d910: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 ......GRUB_TERMI\n+0000d920: 4e41 4ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 NAL.... If t\n+0000d930: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n+0000d940: 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 t, it overrides \n+0000d950: 626f 7468 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 both ...GRUB_TER\n+0000d960: 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 2061 MINAL_INPUT... a\n+0000d970: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f nd. ...GRUB_\n+0000d980: 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 TERMINAL_OUTPUT.\n+0000d990: 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2076 .. to the same v\n+0000d9a0: 616c 7565 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 alue......GRUB_S\n+0000d9b0: 4552 4941 4c5f 434f 4d4d 414e 44e2 8099 ERIAL_COMMAND...\n+0000d9c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . A command \n+0000d9d0: 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2074 6865 to configure the\n+0000d9e0: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2077 6865 serial port whe\n+0000d9f0: 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7365 7269 n using the seri\n+0000da00: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e al. console.\n+0000da10: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a *Note serial::\n+0000da20: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 . Defaults to .\n+0000da30: 8098 7365 7269 616c e280 992e 0a0a e280 ..serial........\n+0000da40: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 .GRUB_CMDLINE_LI\n+0000da50: 4e55 58e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d6d NUX.... Comm\n+0000da60: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e and-line argumen\n+0000da70: 7473 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 206d 656e ts to add to men\n+0000da80: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 u entries for th\n+0000da90: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a e Linux kernel..\n+0000daa0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ....GRUB_CMDLINE\n+0000dab0: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 _LINUX_DEFAULT..\n+0000dac0: 990a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 .. Unless ..\n+0000dad0: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 .GRUB_DISABLE_RE\n+0000dae0: 434f 5645 5259 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 COVERY... is set\n+0000daf0: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 to ...true..., \n+0000db00: 7477 6f20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 two menu entries\n+0000db10: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 . will be ge\n+0000db20: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 666f 7220 6561 6368 nerated for each\n+0000db30: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c3a 206f Linux kernel: o\n+0000db40: 6e65 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 ne default entry\n+0000db50: 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 656e and one. en\n+0000db60: 7472 7920 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 try for recovery\n+0000db70: 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 mode. This opt\n+0000db80: 696f 6e20 6c69 7374 7320 636f 6d6d 616e ion lists comman\n+0000db90: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 d-line arguments\n+0000dba0: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2061 6464 206f 6e6c . to add onl\n+0000dbb0: 7920 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 y to the default\n+0000dbc0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2061 6674 menu entry, aft\n+0000dbd0: 6572 2074 686f 7365 206c 6973 7465 6420 er those listed \n+0000dbe0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f in. ...GRUB_\n+0000dbf0: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 CMDLINE_LINUX...\n+0000dc00: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 ......GRUB_CMDLI\n+0000dc10: 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 NE_LINUX_RECOVER\n+0000dc20: 59e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 556e 6c65 7373 Y.... Unless\n+0000dc30: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ...GRUB_DISABLE\n+0000dc40: 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 2069 7320 _RECOVERY... is \n+0000dc50: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 set to ...true..\n+0000dc60: 992c 2074 776f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ., two menu entr\n+0000dc70: 6965 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ies. will be\n+0000dc80: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2066 6f72 2065 generated for e\n+0000dc90: 6163 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c ach Linux kernel\n+0000dca0: 3a20 6f6e 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e : one default en\n+0000dcb0: 7472 7920 616e 6420 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 try and one. \n+0000dcc0: 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 entry for recov\n+0000dcd0: 6572 7920 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ery mode. This \n+0000dce0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7473 2063 6f6d option lists com\n+0000dcf0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6172 6775 6d65 mand-line argume\n+0000dd00: 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6164 6420 nts. to add \n+0000dd10: 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7265 636f only to the reco\n+0000dd20: 7665 7279 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c very menu entry,\n+0000dd30: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6f73 6520 6c69 before those li\n+0000dd40: 7374 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 sted in. ...\n+0000dd50: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n+0000dd60: 5558 e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 UX.... The defa\n+0000dd70: 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 7369 6e67 6c65 ult is ...single\n+0000dd80: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d .........GRUB_CM\n+0000dd90: 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 e280 990a DLINE_NETBSD....\n+0000dda0: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n+0000ddb0: 4e45 5442 5344 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 NETBSD_DEFAULT..\n+0000ddc0: 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 .. As ...GRU\n+0000ddd0: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 B_CMDLINE_LINUX.\n+0000dde0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 .. and ...GRUB_C\n+0000ddf0: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 MDLINE_LINUX_DEF\n+0000de00: 4155 4c54 e280 992c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 AULT..., but for\n+0000de10: 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 0ae2 . NetBSD....\n+0000de20: 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 ..GRUB_CMDLINE_G\n+0000de30: 4e55 4d41 4348 e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 NUMACH.... A\n+0000de40: 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e s ...GRUB_CMDLIN\n+0000de50: 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 E_LINUX..., but \n+0000de60: 666f 7220 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2e0a 0ae2 for GNU Mach....\n+0000de70: 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f58 ..GRUB_CMDLINE_X\n+0000de80: 454e e280 990a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d EN.......GRUB_CM\n+0000de90: 444c 494e 455f 5845 4e5f 4445 4641 554c DLINE_XEN_DEFAUL\n+0000dea0: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7661 T.... The va\n+0000deb0: 6c75 6573 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 lues of these op\n+0000dec0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 tions are passed\n+0000ded0: 2074 6f20 5865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 to Xen hypervis\n+0000dee0: 6f72 2058 656e 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 or Xen menu. \n+0000def0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 666f 7220 616c entries, for al\n+0000df00: 6c20 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 206e l respectively n\n+0000df10: 6f72 6d61 6c20 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a ormal entries...\n+0000df20: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n+0000df30: 4c49 4e55 585f 5845 4e5f 5245 504c 4143 LINUX_XEN_REPLAC\n+0000df40: 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 E.......GRUB_CMD\n+0000df50: 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f58 454e 5f52 LINE_LINUX_XEN_R\n+0000df60: 4550 4c41 4345 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 EPLACE_DEFAULT..\n+0000df70: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 .. The value\n+0000df80: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f s of these optio\n+0000df90: 6e73 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2076 ns replace the v\n+0000dfa0: 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 alues of. ..\n+0000dfb0: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 .GRUB_CMDLINE_LI\n+0000dfc0: 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 NUX... and ...GR\n+0000dfd0: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n+0000dfe0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 9920 666f 7220 _DEFAULT... for \n+0000dff0: 4c69 6e75 7820 616e 640a 2020 2020 2058 Linux and. X\n+0000e000: 656e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e en menu entries.\n+0000e010: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 544f 505f 4c45 .....GRUB_TOP_LE\n+0000e020: 5645 4ce2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 VEL.......GRUB_T\n+0000e030: 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c 5f58 454e e280 990a OP_LEVEL_XEN....\n+0000e040: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n+0000e050: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 6e20 6162 should be an ab\n+0000e060: 736f 6c75 7465 2070 6174 6820 746f 2061 solute path to a\n+0000e070: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 kernel image. \n+0000e080: 4966 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 If. provided\n+0000e090: 2c20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 , the image spec\n+0000e0a0: 6966 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 ified will be ma\n+0000e0b0: 6465 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c de the top-level\n+0000e0c0: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 660a 2020 2020 2069 entry if. i\n+0000e0d0: 7420 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 t is found in th\n+0000e0e0: 6520 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 e scan......GRUB\n+0000e0f0: 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c 5f4f 535f 5052 _TOP_LEVEL_OS_PR\n+0000e100: 4f42 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 OBER.... Thi\n+0000e110: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 s option should \n+0000e120: 6265 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 206f 7574 be a line of out\n+0000e130: 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 put from ...os-p\n+0000e140: 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2e20 2041 730a 2020 rober.... As. \n+0000e150: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c ...GRUB_TOP_L\n+0000e160: 4556 454c e280 992c 2069 6620 7072 6f76 EVEL..., if prov\n+0000e170: 6964 6564 2c20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 ided, the image \n+0000e180: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 specified will b\n+0000e190: 6520 6d61 6465 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e made the. \n+0000e1a0: 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 656e 7472 7920 top-level entry \n+0000e1b0: 6966 2069 7420 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 if it is found i\n+0000e1c0: 6e20 7468 6520 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 n the scan......\n+0000e1d0: 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 GRUB_EARLY_INITR\n+0000e1e0: 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d e280 D_LINUX_CUSTOM..\n+0000e1f0: 990a e280 9847 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f .....GRUB_EARLY_\n+0000e200: 494e 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 544f INITRD_LINUX_STO\n+0000e210: 434b e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 CK.... List \n+0000e220: 6f66 2073 7061 6365 2d73 6570 6172 6174 of space-separat\n+0000e230: 6564 2065 6172 6c79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 ed early initrd \n+0000e240: 696d 6167 6573 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 images to be loa\n+0000e250: 6465 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ded from. ..\n+0000e260: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 ./boot.... This\n+0000e270: 2069 7320 666f 7220 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 is for loading \n+0000e280: 7468 696e 6773 206c 696b 6520 4350 5520 things like CPU \n+0000e290: 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 652c 2066 6972 6d77 microcode, firmw\n+0000e2a0: 6172 652c 0a20 2020 2020 4143 5049 2074 are,. ACPI t\n+0000e2b0: 6162 6c65 732c 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6b65 ables, crypto ke\n+0000e2c0: 7973 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 ys, and so on. \n+0000e2d0: 5468 6573 6520 6561 726c 7920 696d 6167 These early imag\n+0000e2e0: 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 es will be. \n+0000e2f0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 loaded in the or\n+0000e300: 6465 7220 6465 636c 6172 6564 2c20 616e der declared, an\n+0000e310: 6420 616c 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f d all will be lo\n+0000e320: 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a aded before the.\n+0000e330: 2020 2020 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6675 6e63 actual func\n+0000e340: 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d tional initrd im\n+0000e350: 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 age... ...GR\n+0000e360: 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f UB_EARLY_INITRD_\n+0000e370: 4c49 4e55 585f 5354 4f43 4be2 8099 2069 LINUX_STOCK... i\n+0000e380: 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 s for your distr\n+0000e390: 6962 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2064 6563 6c61 ibution to decla\n+0000e3a0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6573 2074 re. images t\n+0000e3b0: 6861 7420 6172 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 hat are provided\n+0000e3c0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 6469 7374 7269 6275 by the distribu\n+0000e3d0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 tion. It should\n+0000e3e0: 206e 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 not be. mod\n+0000e3f0: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 756e ified without un\n+0000e400: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 696e 6720 7468 6520 derstanding the \n+0000e410: 636f 6e73 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2054 consequences. T\n+0000e420: 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 hey will be. \n+0000e430: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6669 7273 742e 0a0a loaded first...\n+0000e440: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 ...GRUB_EAR\n+0000e450: 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f LY_INITRD_LINUX_\n+0000e460: 4355 5354 4f4d e280 9920 6973 2066 6f72 CUSTOM... is for\n+0000e470: 2079 6f75 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 2063 7265 your custom cre\n+0000e480: 6174 6564 2069 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a 2020 ated images... \n+0000e490: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 The default s\n+0000e4a0: 746f 636b 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6172 6520 tock images are \n+0000e4b0: 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 7468 6f75 as follows, thou\n+0000e4c0: 6768 2074 6865 7920 6d61 7920 6265 0a20 gh they may be. \n+0000e4d0: 2020 2020 6f76 6572 7269 6464 656e 2062 overridden b\n+0000e4e0: 7920 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 y your distribut\n+0000e4f0: 696f 6e3a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 ion:. i\n+0000e500: 6e74 656c 2d75 632e 696d 6720 696e 7465 ntel-uc.img inte\n+0000e510: 6c2d 7563 6f64 652e 696d 6720 616d 642d l-ucode.img amd-\n+0000e520: 7563 2e69 6d67 2061 6d64 2d75 636f 6465 uc.img amd-ucode\n+0000e530: 2e69 6d67 2065 6172 6c79 5f75 636f 6465 .img early_ucode\n+0000e540: 2e63 7069 6f20 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 652e .cpio microcode.\n+0000e550: 6370 696f 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 cpio.....GRUB_DI\n+0000e560: 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 SABLE_LINUX_UUID\n+0000e570: e280 990a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c .... Normall\n+0000e580: 792c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e y, ...grub-mkcon\n+0000e590: 6669 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 fig... will gene\n+0000e5a0: 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 rate menu entrie\n+0000e5b0: 7320 7468 6174 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 s that use. \n+0000e5c0: 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 universally-uniq\n+0000e5d0: 7565 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 ue identifiers (\n+0000e5e0: 5555 4944 7329 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 UUIDs) to identi\n+0000e5f0: 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 fy the root. \n+0000e600: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2074 filesystem to t\n+0000e610: 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c he Linux kernel,\n+0000e620: 2075 7369 6e67 2061 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 using a ...root\n+0000e630: 3d55 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 206b 6572 =UUID=...... ker\n+0000e640: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 nel. paramet\n+0000e650: 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7375 er. This is usu\n+0000e660: 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 ally more reliab\n+0000e670: 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 le, but in some \n+0000e680: 6361 7365 7320 6974 206d 6179 0a20 2020 cases it may. \n+0000e690: 2020 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 not be appropr\n+0000e6a0: 6961 7465 2e20 2054 6f20 6469 7361 626c iate. To disabl\n+0000e6b0: 6520 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2055 5549 e the use of UUI\n+0000e6c0: 4473 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 Ds, set this opt\n+0000e6d0: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9874 ion. to ...t\n+0000e6e0: 7275 65e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 rue.........GRUB\n+0000e6f0: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 _DISABLE_LINUX_P\n+0000e700: 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ARTUUID.... \n+0000e710: 4966 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e If ...grub-mkcon\n+0000e720: 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6964 fig... cannot id\n+0000e730: 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 entify the root \n+0000e740: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2076 6961 2069 filesystem via i\n+0000e750: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 ts. universa\n+0000e760: 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6e64 656e lly-unique inden\n+0000e770: 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 292c 20e2 tifier (UUID), .\n+0000e780: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+0000e790: 8099 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a20 .. can use the. \n+0000e7a0: 2020 2020 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 UUID of the \n+0000e7b0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 partition contai\n+0000e7c0: 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 ning the filesys\n+0000e7d0: 7465 6d20 746f 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 tem to identify \n+0000e7e0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 the. root fi\n+0000e7f0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7468 6520 lesystem to the \n+0000e800: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2076 6961 Linux kernel via\n+0000e810: 2061 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 4152 5455 a ...root=PARTU\n+0000e820: 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 UID=....... \n+0000e830: 6b65 726e 656c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 kernel parameter\n+0000e840: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 . This is not a\n+0000e850: 7320 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2061 7320 7573 s reliable as us\n+0000e860: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ing the filesyst\n+0000e870: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 2c20 6275 em. UUID, bu\n+0000e880: 7420 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 t is more reliab\n+0000e890: 6c65 2074 6861 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 le than using th\n+0000e8a0: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e e Linux device n\n+0000e8b0: 616d 6573 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 ames. When. \n+0000e8c0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ...GRUB_DISABLE\n+0000e8d0: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 _LINUX_PARTUUID.\n+0000e8e0: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 .. is set to ...\n+0000e8f0: 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4c69 false..., the Li\n+0000e900: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 nux kernel. \n+0000e910: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6d75 7374 2062 6520 version must be \n+0000e920: 322e 362e 3337 2028 332e 3130 2066 6f72 2.6.37 (3.10 for\n+0000e930: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 systems using t\n+0000e940: 6865 204d 5344 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 he MSDOS partiti\n+0000e950: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 6865 6d65 2920 on. scheme) \n+0000e960: 6f72 206e 6577 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 or newer. This \n+0000e970: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 option defaults \n+0000e980: 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992e 2020 to ...true.... \n+0000e990: 546f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7468 650a 2020 To enable the. \n+0000e9a0: 2020 2075 7365 206f 6620 7061 7274 6974 use of partit\n+0000e9b0: 696f 6e20 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 ion UUIDs, set t\n+0000e9c0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 his option to ..\n+0000e9d0: 9866 616c 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 .false.........G\n+0000e9e0: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f RUB_DISABLE_RECO\n+0000e9f0: 5645 5259 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 VERY.... If \n+0000ea00: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 this option is s\n+0000ea10: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 et to ...true...\n+0000ea20: 2c20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 6765 , disable the ge\n+0000ea30: 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7265 636f neration of reco\n+0000ea40: 7665 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 206d very. mode m\n+0000ea50: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 enu entries.....\n+0000ea60: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5555 .GRUB_DISABLE_UU\n+0000ea70: 4944 e280 990a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 ID.... Norma\n+0000ea80: 6c6c 792c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 lly, ...grub-mkc\n+0000ea90: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6765 onfig... will ge\n+0000eaa0: 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 nerate menu entr\n+0000eab0: 6965 7320 7468 6174 2075 7365 0a20 2020 ies that use. \n+0000eac0: 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e universally-un\n+0000ead0: 6971 7565 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 ique identifiers\n+0000eae0: 2028 5555 4944 7329 2074 6f20 6964 656e (UUIDs) to iden\n+0000eaf0: 7469 6679 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a20 2020 tify various. \n+0000eb00: 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f filesystems to\n+0000eb10: 2073 6561 7263 6820 666f 7220 6669 6c65 search for file\n+0000eb20: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 s. This is usua\n+0000eb30: 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 656c 6961 626c lly more reliabl\n+0000eb40: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 6275 7420 696e 2073 e,. but in s\n+0000eb50: 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 6974 206d 6179 ome cases it may\n+0000eb60: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 not be appropri\n+0000eb70: 6174 652e 2020 546f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 ate. To disable\n+0000eb80: 2074 6869 7320 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f this use. o\n+0000eb90: 6620 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 f UUIDs, set thi\n+0000eba0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9874 s option to ...t\n+0000ebb0: 7275 65e2 8099 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 rue.... Setting\n+0000ebc0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a this option to.\n+0000ebd0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c ...true...,\n+0000ebe0: 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 will also set t\n+0000ebf0: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 4752 he options ...GR\n+0000ec00: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n+0000ec10: 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 _UUID... and. \n+0000ec20: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c ...GRUB_DISABL\n+0000ec30: 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 E_LINUX_PARTUUID\n+0000ec40: e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 ... to ...true..\n+0000ec50: 992c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6579 2068 ., unless they h\n+0000ec60: 6176 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 6578 ave been. ex\n+0000ec70: 706c 6963 696c 7479 2073 6574 2074 6f20 plicilty set to \n+0000ec80: e280 9866 616c 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 ...false........\n+0000ec90: 9847 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4241 434b .GRUB_VIDEO_BACK\n+0000eca0: 454e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 END.... If g\n+0000ecb0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 2076 6964 656f 2073 raphical video s\n+0000ecc0: 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 upport is requir\n+0000ecd0: 6564 2c20 6569 7468 6572 2062 6563 6175 ed, either becau\n+0000ece0: 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 se the. ...g\n+0000ecf0: 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 fxterm... graphi\n+0000ed00: 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 7320 cal terminal is \n+0000ed10: 696e 2075 7365 206f 7220 6265 6361 7573 in use or becaus\n+0000ed20: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 e. ...GRUB_G\n+0000ed30: 4658 5041 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 FXPAYLOAD_LINUX.\n+0000ed40: 8099 2069 7320 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 .. is set, then \n+0000ed50: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+0000ed60: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c ... will normall\n+0000ed70: 790a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 y. load all \n+0000ed80: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 4752 5542 2076 available GRUB v\n+0000ed90: 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 7273 2061 6e64 ideo drivers and\n+0000eda0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 206f 6e65 206d 6f73 use the one mos\n+0000edb0: 740a 2020 2020 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 t. appropria\n+0000edc0: 7465 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 te for your hard\n+0000edd0: 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 ware. If you ne\n+0000ede0: 6564 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 ed to override t\n+0000edf0: 6869 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d his for. som\n+0000ee00: 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2c20 7468 656e 2079 e reason, then y\n+0000ee10: 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 ou can set this \n+0000ee20: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4166 option... Af\n+0000ee30: 7465 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 ter ...grub-inst\n+0000ee40: 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 all... has been \n+0000ee50: 7275 6e2c 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 run, the availab\n+0000ee60: 6c65 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 7273 le video drivers\n+0000ee70: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 6564 are. listed\n+0000ee80: 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 in .../boot/gru\n+0000ee90: 622f 7669 6465 6f2e 6c73 74e2 8099 2e0a b/video.lst.....\n+0000eea0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 ....GRUB_GFXMODE\n+0000eeb0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 .... Set the\n+0000eec0: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 resolution used\n+0000eed0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 on the ...gfxte\n+0000eee0: 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 rm... graphical \n+0000eef0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 650a terminal. Note.\n+0000ef00: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 that you ca\n+0000ef10: 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 n only use modes\n+0000ef20: 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 which your grap\n+0000ef30: 6869 6373 2063 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 hics card suppor\n+0000ef40: 7473 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 5645 5341 ts via. VESA\n+0000ef50: 2042 494f 5320 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 BIOS Extensions\n+0000ef60: 2028 5642 4529 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 (VBE), so for e\n+0000ef70: 7861 6d70 6c65 206e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 xample native LC\n+0000ef80: 4420 7061 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 D panel. res\n+0000ef90: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e73 206d 6179 206e 6f74 olutions may not\n+0000efa0: 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 be available. \n+0000efb0: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 The default is .\n+0000efc0: 8098 6175 746f e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 ..auto..., which\n+0000efd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7472 6965 7320 746f 2073 . tries to s\n+0000efe0: 656c 6563 7420 6120 7072 6566 6572 7265 elect a preferre\n+0000eff0: 6420 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a d resolution. *\n+0000f000: 4e6f 7465 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 2e0a Note gfxmode::..\n+0000f010: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 4143 4b47 524f ....GRUB_BACKGRO\n+0000f020: 554e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 UND.... Set \n+0000f030: 6120 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 a background ima\n+0000f040: 6765 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2077 6974 6820 ge for use with \n+0000f050: 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 the ...gfxterm..\n+0000f060: 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 . graphical. \n+0000f070: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 terminal. The \n+0000f080: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6f70 value of this op\n+0000f090: 7469 6f6e 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 2066 tion must be a f\n+0000f0a0: 696c 6520 7265 6164 6162 6c65 2062 7920 ile readable by \n+0000f0b0: 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 6174 2062 6f6f GRUB. at boo\n+0000f0c0: 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 616e 6420 6974 206d t time, and it m\n+0000f0d0: 7573 7420 656e 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 ust end with ...\n+0000f0e0: 2e70 6e67 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2e74 6761 .png..., ....tga\n+0000f0f0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2e6a 7067 e280 992c ..., ....jpg...,\n+0000f100: 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2e6a 7065 or. ....jpe\n+0000f110: 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 g.... The image\n+0000f120: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6361 6c65 6420 will be scaled \n+0000f130: 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 if necessary to \n+0000f140: 6669 7420 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a fit the screen..\n+0000f150: 2020 2020 2049 6d61 6765 2068 6569 6768 Image heigh\n+0000f160: 7420 616e 6420 7769 6474 6820 7769 6c6c t and width will\n+0000f170: 2062 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2062 be restricted b\n+0000f180: 7920 616e 2061 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c20 y an artificial \n+0000f190: 6c69 6d69 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 3136 limit of. 16\n+0000f1a0: 3338 342e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5448 384......GRUB_TH\n+0000f1b0: 454d 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 EME.... Set \n+0000f1c0: 6120 7468 656d 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 a theme for use \n+0000f1d0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6766 7874 with the ...gfxt\n+0000f1e0: 6572 6de2 8099 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c erm... graphical\n+0000f1f0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a e280 9847 terminal......G\n+0000f200: 5255 425f 4746 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c RUB_GFXPAYLOAD_L\n+0000f210: 494e 5558 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 INUX.... Set\n+0000f220: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2074 to ...text... t\n+0000f230: 6f20 666f 7263 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 o force the Linu\n+0000f240: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 x kernel to boot\n+0000f250: 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a in normal text.\n+0000f260: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 mode, ...ke\n+0000f270: 6570 e280 9920 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 ep... to preserv\n+0000f280: 6520 7468 6520 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d e the graphics m\n+0000f290: 6f64 6520 7365 7420 7573 696e 670a 2020 ode set using. \n+0000f2a0: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f ...GRUB_GFXMO\n+0000f2b0: 4445 e280 992c 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 DE..., ...WIDTHx\n+0000f2c0: 4845 4947 4854 e280 995b e280 9878 4445 HEIGHT...[...xDE\n+0000f2d0: 5054 48e2 8099 5d20 746f 2073 6574 2061 PTH...] to set a\n+0000f2e0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 particular. \n+0000f2f0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2c20 graphics mode, \n+0000f300: 6f72 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 or a sequence of\n+0000f310: 2074 6865 7365 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 these separated\n+0000f320: 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 6173 206f 720a 2020 by commas or. \n+0000f330: 2020 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 746f semicolons to\n+0000f340: 2074 7279 2073 6576 6572 616c 206d 6f64 try several mod\n+0000f350: 6573 2069 6e20 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 es in sequence. \n+0000f360: 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 *Note gfxpayloa\n+0000f370: 643a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2044 6570 656e d::... Depen\n+0000f380: 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 ding on your ker\n+0000f390: 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 nel, your distri\n+0000f3a0: 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 bution, your gra\n+0000f3b0: 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c0a 2020 2020 phics card,. \n+0000f3c0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6861 7365 206f and the phase o\n+0000f3d0: 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 f the moon, note\n+0000f3e0: 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 that using this\n+0000f3f0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 7573 option may caus\n+0000f400: 650a 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 e. GNU/Linux\n+0000f410: 2074 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 to suffer from \n+0000f420: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 various display \n+0000f430: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 problems, partic\n+0000f440: 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 ularly. duri\n+0000f450: 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 6c79 2070 6172 ng the early par\n+0000f460: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 t of the boot se\n+0000f470: 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 quence. If you \n+0000f480: 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 0a20 have problems,. \n+0000f490: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 set this opt\n+0000f4a0: 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 ion to ...text..\n+0000f4b0: 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 . and GRUB will \n+0000f4c0: 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f tell Linux to bo\n+0000f4d0: 6f74 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 ot in. norma\n+0000f4e0: 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a e280 l text mode.....\n+0000f4f0: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4f53 .GRUB_DISABLE_OS\n+0000f500: 5f50 524f 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _PROBER.... \n+0000f510: 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f The ...grub-mkco\n+0000f520: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6861 7320 6120 6665 nfig... has a fe\n+0000f530: 6174 7572 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 ature to use the\n+0000f540: 2065 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 e280 986f 732d external ...os-\n+0000f550: 7072 6f62 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 prober.... p\n+0000f560: 726f 6772 616d 2074 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 rogram to discov\n+0000f570: 6572 206f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 er other operati\n+0000f580: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2069 6e73 7461 ng systems insta\n+0000f590: 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 lled on the same\n+0000f5a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e 6520 616e . machine an\n+0000f5b0: 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 7070 726f d generate appro\n+0000f5c0: 7072 6961 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 priate menu entr\n+0000f5d0: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e20 2049 ies for them. I\n+0000f5e0: 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c t is. disabl\n+0000f5f0: 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 7369 ed by default si\n+0000f600: 6e63 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e nce automatic an\n+0000f610: 6420 7369 6c65 6e74 2065 7865 6375 7469 d silent executi\n+0000f620: 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f73 on of. ...os\n+0000f630: 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 -prober..., and \n+0000f640: 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 656e creating boot en\n+0000f650: 7472 6965 7320 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 tries based on t\n+0000f660: 6861 7420 6461 7461 2c20 6973 2061 0a20 hat data, is a. \n+0000f670: 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6174 potential at\n+0000f680: 7461 636b 2076 6563 746f 722e 2020 5365 tack vector. Se\n+0000f690: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f t this option to\n+0000f6a0: 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 ...false... to \n+0000f6b0: 656e 6162 6c65 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 enable this. \n+0000f6c0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 feature in the \n+0000f6d0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+0000f6e0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a e280 ... command.....\n+0000f6f0: 9847 5255 425f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 525f .GRUB_OS_PROBER_\n+0000f700: 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 SKIP_LIST.... \n+0000f710: 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 7370 6163 652d List of space-\n+0000f720: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 4653 2055 5549 separated FS UUI\n+0000f730: 4473 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Ds of filesystem\n+0000f740: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 s to be ignored \n+0000f750: 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 6f73 2d70 726f from. os-pro\n+0000f760: 6265 7220 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2046 6f72 ber output. For\n+0000f770: 2065 6669 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 efi chainloader\n+0000f780: 7320 6974 2773 203c 5555 4944 3e40 3c45 s it's @.....GRU\n+0000f7a0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5355 424d 454e B_DISABLE_SUBMEN\n+0000f7b0: 55e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c U.... Normal\n+0000f7c0: 6c79 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f ly, ...grub-mkco\n+0000f7d0: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2067 656e nfig... will gen\n+0000f7e0: 6572 6174 6520 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 erate top level \n+0000f7f0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 0a20 menu entry for. \n+0000f800: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 the kernel w\n+0000f810: 6974 6820 6869 6768 6573 7420 7665 7273 ith highest vers\n+0000f820: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 2070 ion number and p\n+0000f830: 7574 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2066 6f75 ut all other fou\n+0000f840: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 nd. kernels \n+0000f850: 6f72 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d or alternative m\n+0000f860: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 enu entries for \n+0000f870: 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 6520 696e recovery mode in\n+0000f880: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 submenu.. F\n+0000f890: 6f72 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2072 6574 7572 or entries retur\n+0000f8a0: 6e65 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f ned by ...os-pro\n+0000f8b0: 6265 72e2 8099 2066 6972 7374 2065 6e74 ber... first ent\n+0000f8c0: 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7574 206f ry will be put o\n+0000f8d0: 6e20 746f 700a 2020 2020 206c 6576 656c n top. level\n+0000f8e0: 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 7320 and all others \n+0000f8f0: 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 in submenu. If \n+0000f900: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 this option is s\n+0000f910: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 et to ...true...\n+0000f920: 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 7420 6d65 6e75 ,. flat menu\n+0000f930: 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 656e 7472 6965 with all entrie\n+0000f940: 7320 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2077 s on top level w\n+0000f950: 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 ill be generated\n+0000f960: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 instead.. C\n+0000f970: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 hanging this opt\n+0000f980: 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 ion will require\n+0000f990: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 6578 6973 7469 changing existi\n+0000f9a0: 6e67 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 ng values of. \n+0000f9b0: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c ...GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0000f9c0: 54e2 8099 2c20 e280 9866 616c 6c62 6163 T..., ...fallbac\n+0000f9d0: 6be2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6661 6c6c k... (*note fall\n+0000f9e0: 6261 636b 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 e280 9864 back::) and ...d\n+0000f9f0: 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 efault... (*note\n+0000fa00: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 743a 3a29 . default::)\n+0000fa10: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+0000fa20: 6961 626c 6573 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 iables as well a\n+0000fa30: 7320 7361 7665 6420 6465 6661 756c 7420 s saved default \n+0000fa40: 656e 7472 790a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 entry. using\n+0000fa50: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 ...grub-set-def\n+0000fa60: 6175 6c74 e280 9920 616e 6420 7661 6c75 ault... and valu\n+0000fa70: 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 e used with ...g\n+0000fa80: 7275 622d 7265 626f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a rub-reboot......\n+0000fa90: e280 9847 5255 425f 454e 4142 4c45 5f43 ...GRUB_ENABLE_C\n+0000faa0: 5259 5054 4f44 4953 4be2 8099 0a20 2020 RYPTODISK.... \n+0000fab0: 2020 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 If set to ...y\n+0000fac0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 ..., ...grub-mkc\n+0000fad0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 onfig... and ...\n+0000fae0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n+0000faf0: 7769 6c6c 2063 6865 636b 2066 6f72 0a20 will check for. \n+0000fb00: 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 encrypted di\n+0000fb10: 736b 7320 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 sks and generate\n+0000fb20: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 636f 6d6d additional comm\n+0000fb30: 616e 6473 206e 6565 6465 6420 746f 2061 ands needed to a\n+0000fb40: 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 ccess. them \n+0000fb50: 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 4e6f during boot. No\n+0000fb60: 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e 2074 6869 7320 te that in this \n+0000fb70: 6361 7365 2075 6e61 7474 656e 6465 6420 case unattended \n+0000fb80: 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 boot is not. \n+0000fb90: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 6265 6361 7573 possible becaus\n+0000fba0: 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7761 6974 e GRUB will wait\n+0000fbb0: 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 for passphrase \n+0000fbc0: 746f 2075 6e6c 6f63 6b20 656e 6372 7970 to unlock encryp\n+0000fbd0: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ted. contain\n+0000fbe0: 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f49 4e49 er......GRUB_INI\n+0000fbf0: 545f 5455 4e45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 T_TUNE.... P\n+0000fc00: 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 206f 6e20 7468 lay a tune on th\n+0000fc10: 6520 7370 6561 6b65 7220 7768 656e 2047 e speaker when G\n+0000fc20: 5255 4220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2054 6869 RUB starts. Thi\n+0000fc30: 7320 6973 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c s is particularl\n+0000fc40: 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f y. useful fo\n+0000fc50: 7220 7573 6572 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 r users unable t\n+0000fc60: 6f20 7365 6520 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e o see the screen\n+0000fc70: 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 . The value of \n+0000fc80: 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e this. option\n+0000fc90: 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2064 6972 6563 is passed direc\n+0000fca0: 746c 7920 746f 202a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 tly to *note pla\n+0000fcb0: 793a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4241 y::......GRUB_BA\n+0000fcc0: 4452 414d e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 DRAM.... If \n+0000fcd0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 this option is s\n+0000fce0: 6574 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6973 et, GRUB will is\n+0000fcf0: 7375 6520 6120 2a6e 6f74 6520 6261 6472 sue a *note badr\n+0000fd00: 616d 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f0a am:: command to.\n+0000fd10: 2020 2020 2066 696c 7465 7220 6f75 7420 filter out \n+0000fd20: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e specified region\n+0000fd30: 7320 6f66 2052 414d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 s of RAM......GR\n+0000fd40: 5542 5f50 5245 4c4f 4144 5f4d 4f44 554c UB_PRELOAD_MODUL\n+0000fd50: 4553 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ES.... This \n+0000fd60: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 option may be se\n+0000fd70: 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2047 t to a list of G\n+0000fd80: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 206e 616d 6573 RUB module names\n+0000fd90: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 790a 2020 separated by. \n+0000fda0: 2020 2073 7061 6365 732e 2020 4561 6368 spaces. Each\n+0000fdb0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 module will be \n+0000fdc0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7320 6561 726c 7920 loaded as early \n+0000fdd0: 6173 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c 2061 7420 as possible, at \n+0000fde0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7274 206f the. start o\n+0000fdf0: 6620 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 f ...grub.cfg...\n+0000fe00: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f52 4543 4f52 ......GRUB_RECOR\n+0000fe10: 4446 4149 4c5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 DFAIL_TIMEOUT...\n+0000fe20: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n+0000fe30: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 tion is set, it \n+0000fe40: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 overrides the de\n+0000fe50: 6661 756c 7420 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c fault recordfail\n+0000fe60: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 setting.. A\n+0000fe70: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 206f 6620 2d31 2063 setting of -1 c\n+0000fe80: 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7761 auses GRUB to wa\n+0000fe90: 6974 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 it for user inpu\n+0000fea0: 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a t indefinitely..\n+0000feb0: 2020 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6120 However, a \n+0000fec0: 6661 6c73 6520 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 false positive i\n+0000fed0: 6e20 7468 6520 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c n the recordfail\n+0000fee0: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 206d 6179 206f mechanism may o\n+0000fef0: 6363 7572 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 6f77 ccur if. pow\n+0000ff00: 6572 2069 7320 6c6f 7374 2064 7572 696e er is lost durin\n+0000ff10: 6720 626f 6f74 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f g boot before bo\n+0000ff20: 6f74 2073 7563 6365 7373 2069 7320 7265 ot success is re\n+0000ff30: 636f 7264 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 corded in. u\n+0000ff40: 7365 7273 7061 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2064 serspace. The d\n+0000ff50: 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 efault setting i\n+0000ff60: 7320 3330 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7573 s 30, which caus\n+0000ff70: 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 6169 740a es GRUB to wait.\n+0000ff80: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 696e for user in\n+0000ff90: 7075 7420 666f 7220 7468 6972 7479 2073 put for thirty s\n+0000ffa0: 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f econds before co\n+0000ffb0: 6e74 696e 7569 6e67 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ntinuing. This \n+0000ffc0: 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c default. all\n+0000ffd0: 6f77 7320 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 6520 ows interactive \n+0000ffe0: 7573 6572 7320 7468 6520 6f70 706f 7274 users the opport\n+0000fff0: 756e 6974 7920 746f 2073 7769 7463 6820 unity to switch \n+00010000: 746f 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2c0a to a different,.\n+00010010: 2020 2020 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 206b 6572 working ker\n+00010020: 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6c65 2061 766f 6964 nel, while avoid\n+00010030: 696e 6720 6120 6661 6c73 6520 706f 7369 ing a false posi\n+00010040: 7469 7665 2063 6175 7369 6e67 2074 6865 tive causing the\n+00010050: 2062 6f6f 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 626c boot to. bl\n+00010060: 6f63 6b20 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 ock indefinitely\n+00010070: 206f 6e20 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2061 6e64 on headless and\n+00010080: 2061 7070 6c69 616e 6365 2073 7973 7465 appliance syste\n+00010090: 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2061 6363 6573 730a ms where access.\n+000100a0: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6120 636f 6e73 6f6c to a consol\n+000100b0: 6520 6973 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 e is restricted \n+000100c0: 6f72 206c 696d 6974 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 or limited... \n+000100d0: 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 This option is\n+000100e0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 only effective \n+000100f0: 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 636f when GRUB was co\n+00010100: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 nfigured with th\n+00010110: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 656e 6162 e. ...--enab\n+00010120: 6c65 2d71 7569 636b 2d62 6f6f 74e2 8099 le-quick-boot...\n+00010130: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 option......GRU\n+00010140: 425f 5245 434f 5645 5259 5f54 4954 4c45 B_RECOVERY_TITLE\n+00010150: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 .... This op\n+00010160: 7469 6f6e 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 456e tion sets the En\n+00010170: 676c 6973 6820 7465 7874 206f 6620 7468 glish text of th\n+00010180: 6520 7374 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7769 e string that wi\n+00010190: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2064 6973 706c ll be. displ\n+000101a0: 6179 6564 2069 6e20 7061 7265 6e74 6865 ayed in parenthe\n+000101b0: 7365 7320 746f 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 ses to indicate \n+000101c0: 7468 6174 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 that a boot opti\n+000101d0: 6f6e 2069 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 0a20 on is provided. \n+000101e0: 2020 2020 746f 2068 656c 7020 7573 6572 to help user\n+000101f0: 7320 7265 636f 7665 7220 6120 6272 6f6b s recover a brok\n+00010200: 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6520 en system. The \n+00010210: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 7265 636f default is \"reco\n+00010220: 7665 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 222e very. mode\".\n+00010230: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 .. The followi\n+00010240: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 ng options are s\n+00010250: 7469 6c6c 2061 6363 6570 7465 6420 666f till accepted fo\n+00010260: 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 r compatibility \n+00010270: 7769 7468 0a65 7869 7374 696e 6720 636f with.existing co\n+00010280: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 nfigurations, bu\n+00010290: 7420 6861 7665 2062 6574 7465 7220 7265 t have better re\n+000102a0: 706c 6163 656d 656e 7473 3a0a 0ae2 8098 placements:.....\n+000102b0: 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME\n+000102c0: 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5761 6974 OUT.... Wait\n+000102d0: 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e this many secon\n+000102e0: 6473 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6469 7370 6c61 ds before displa\n+000102f0: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752e 2020 ying the menu. \n+00010300: 4966 203c 4553 433e 206f 720a 2020 2020 If or. \n+00010310: 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 7365 are presse\n+00010320: 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 6973 d, or is\n+00010330: 2068 656c 6420 646f 776e 2064 7572 696e held down durin\n+00010340: 6720 7468 6174 2074 696d 652c 2064 6973 g that time, dis\n+00010350: 706c 6179 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6d65 play. the me\n+00010360: 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 nu and wait for \n+00010370: 696e 7075 7420 6163 636f 7264 696e 6720 input according \n+00010380: 746f 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f to ...GRUB_TIMEO\n+00010390: 5554 e280 992e 2020 4966 2061 0a20 2020 UT.... If a. \n+000103a0: 2020 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 hotkey associa\n+000103b0: 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 ted with a menu \n+000103c0: 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 entry is pressed\n+000103d0: 2c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2061 7373 6f63 , boot the assoc\n+000103e0: 6961 7465 640a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 iated. menu \n+000103f0: 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c entry immediatel\n+00010400: 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f y. If the timeo\n+00010410: 7574 2065 7870 6972 6573 2062 6566 6f72 ut expires befor\n+00010420: 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 e either of. \n+00010430: 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 these happens, \n+00010440: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 display the menu\n+00010450: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 for the number \n+00010460: 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2073 7065 6369 of seconds speci\n+00010470: 6669 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 20e2 8098 fied. in ...\n+00010480: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 GRUB_TIMEOUT... \n+00010490: 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 before booting t\n+000104a0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 he default entry\n+000104b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 ... If you s\n+000104c0: 6574 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 et ...GRUB_HIDDE\n+000104d0: 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 796f N_TIMEOUT..., yo\n+000104e0: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 u should also se\n+000104f0: 740a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 t. ...GRUB_T\n+00010500: 494d 454f 5554 3d30 e280 9920 736f 2074 IMEOUT=0... so t\n+00010510: 6861 7420 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 hat the menu is \n+00010520: 6e6f 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6174 not displayed at\n+00010530: 2061 6c6c 2075 6e6c 6573 730a 2020 2020 all unless. \n+00010540: 203c 4553 433e 206f 7220 3c46 343e 2061 or a\n+00010550: 7265 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 203c re pressed, or <\n+00010560: 5348 4946 543e 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 SHIFT> is held d\n+00010570: 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 own... This \n+00010580: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 option is unset \n+00010590: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 by default, and \n+000105a0: 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e is deprecated in\n+000105b0: 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 favour of the. \n+000105c0: 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 less confusi\n+000105d0: 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ng ...GRUB_TIMEO\n+000105e0: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f UT_STYLE=countdo\n+000105f0: 776e e280 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 wn... or. ..\n+00010600: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n+00010610: 594c 453d 6869 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a YLE=hidden......\n+00010620: e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 ...GRUB_HIDDEN_T\n+00010630: 494d 454f 5554 5f51 5549 4554 e280 990a IMEOUT_QUIET....\n+00010640: 2020 2020 2049 6e20 636f 6e6a 756e 6374 In conjunct\n+00010650: 696f 6e20 7769 7468 20e2 8098 4752 5542 ion with ...GRUB\n+00010660: 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 _HIDDEN_TIMEOUT.\n+00010670: 8099 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 .., set this to \n+00010680: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 ...true... to. \n+00010690: 2020 2073 7570 7072 6573 7320 7468 6520 suppress the \n+000106a0: 7665 7262 6f73 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 verbose countdow\n+000106b0: 6e20 7768 696c 6520 7761 6974 696e 6720 n while waiting \n+000106c0: 666f 7220 6120 6b65 7920 746f 2062 650a for a key to be.\n+000106d0: 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 6564 2062 6566 pressed bef\n+000106e0: 6f72 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 ore displaying t\n+000106f0: 6865 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 he menu... T\n+00010700: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e his option is un\n+00010710: 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 set by default, \n+00010720: 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 and is deprecate\n+00010730: 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 d in favour of t\n+00010740: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e he. less con\n+00010750: 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 fusing ...GRUB_T\n+00010760: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 IMEOUT_STYLE=cou\n+00010770: 6e74 646f 776e e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 ntdown.........G\n+00010780: 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f RUB_HIDDEN_TIMEO\n+00010790: 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 UT_BUTTON.... \n+000107a0: 2020 5661 7269 616e 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 Variant of ...\n+000107b0: 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME\n+000107c0: 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 OUT..., used to \n+000107d0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 support vendor-s\n+000107e0: 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 2070 6f77 pecific. pow\n+000107f0: 6572 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2e20 202a 4e6f er buttons. *No\n+00010800: 7465 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d te Vendor power-\n+00010810: 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 on keys::... \n+00010820: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 This option is \n+00010830: 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 unset by default\n+00010840: 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 , and is depreca\n+00010850: 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 ted in favour of\n+00010860: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 the. less c\n+00010870: 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 onfusing ...GRUB\n+00010880: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 _TIMEOUT_STYLE=c\n+00010890: 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0a20 ountdown... or. \n+000108a0: 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 ...GRUB_TIME\n+000108b0: 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 6464 656e OUT_STYLE=hidden\n+000108c0: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 ...... For mor\n+000108d0: 6520 6465 7461 696c 6564 2063 7573 746f e detailed custo\n+000108e0: 6d69 7361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9867 misation of ...g\n+000108f0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9927 rub-mkconfig...'\n+00010900: 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 796f 7520 6d61 s output, you ma\n+00010910: 790a 6564 6974 2074 6865 2073 6372 6970 y.edit the scrip\n+00010920: 7473 2069 6e20 e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 ts in .../etc/gr\n+00010930: 7562 2e64 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 ub.d... directly\n+00010940: 2e20 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e . .../etc/grub.\n+00010950: 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 8099 2069 d/40_custom... i\n+00010960: 730a 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2075 s.particularly u\n+00010970: 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6164 6469 6e67 seful for adding\n+00010980: 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6375 7374 6f6d 206d entire custom m\n+00010990: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 733b 2073 696d enu entries; sim\n+000109a0: 706c 7920 7479 7065 0a74 6865 206d 656e ply type.the men\n+000109b0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 796f 7520 7761 u entries you wa\n+000109c0: 6e74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6174 2074 6865 nt to add at the\n+000109d0: 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6174 2066 696c end of that fil\n+000109e0: 652c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 e, making sure t\n+000109f0: 6f0a 6c65 6176 6520 6174 206c 6561 7374 o.leave at least\n+00010a00: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 776f 206c the first two l\n+00010a10: 696e 6573 2069 6e74 6163 742e 0a0a 1f0a ines intact.....\n+00010a20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00010a30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 Node: Root Ide\n+00010a40: 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 ntifcation Heuri\n+00010a50: 7374 6963 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5368 stics, Next: Sh\n+00010a60: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n+00010a70: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 696d 706c ng, Prev: Simpl\n+00010a80: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c e configuration,\n+00010a90: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 Up: Configurat\n+00010aa0: 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e32 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 ion..6.2 Root Id\n+00010ab0: 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 entifcation Heur\n+00010ac0: 6973 7469 6373 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d istics.=========\n 00010ad0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00010ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2074 6172 ====..If the tar\n-00010af0: 6765 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 get operating sy\n-00010b00: 7374 656d 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 4c69 stem uses the Li\n-00010b10: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 e280 9867 nux kernel, ...g\n-00010b20: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a rub-mkconfig....\n-00010b30: 6174 7465 6d70 7473 2074 6f20 6964 656e attempts to iden\n-00010b40: 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 tify the root fi\n-00010b50: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7669 6120 6120 le system via a \n-00010b60: 6865 7572 6973 7469 6320 616c 676f 6972 heuristic algoir\n-00010b70: 7468 6d2e 0a54 6869 7320 616c 676f 7269 thm..This algori\n-00010b80: 7468 6d20 7365 6c65 6374 7320 7468 6520 thm selects the \n-00010b90: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 206d identification m\n-00010ba0: 6574 686f 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f ethod of the roo\n-00010bb0: 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6279 t file system.by\n-00010bc0: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6872 considering thr\n-00010bd0: 6565 2066 6163 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 ee factors. The\n-00010be0: 2066 6972 7374 2069 7320 6966 2061 6e20 first is if an \n-00010bf0: 696e 6974 7264 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2074 initrd for the t\n-00010c00: 6172 6765 740a 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 arget.operating \n-00010c10: 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 616c 736f 2070 system is also p\n-00010c20: 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6563 resent. The sec\n-00010c30: 6f6e 6420 6973 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 ond is....GRUB_D\n-00010c40: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 ISABLE_LINUX_UUI\n-00010c50: 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7365 7420 D... and if set \n-00010c60: 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2070 to ...true..., p\n-00010c70: 7265 7665 6e74 7320 e280 9867 7275 622d revents ...grub-\n-00010c80: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 6672 6f6d mkconfig....from\n-00010c90: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 identifying the\n-00010ca0: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 root file syste\n-00010cb0: 6d20 6279 2069 7473 2055 5549 442e 2054 m by its UUID. T\n-00010cc0: 6865 2074 6869 7264 2069 730a e280 9847 he third is....G\n-00010cd0: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n-00010ce0: 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 616e X_PARTUUID... an\n-00010cf0: 6420 6966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 d if set to ...t\n-00010d00: 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7072 6576 656e 7473 rue..., prevents\n-00010d10: 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ....grub-mkconfi\n-00010d20: 67e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 6964 656e 7469 g... from identi\n-00010d30: 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 fying the root f\n-00010d40: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2076 6961 2074 ile system via t\n-00010d50: 6865 2055 5549 4420 6f66 0a69 7473 2065 he UUID of.its e\n-00010d60: 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 2070 6172 7469 7469 nclosing partiti\n-00010d70: 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 on. If the vari\n-00010d80: 6162 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6173 7369 676e ables are assign\n-00010d90: 6564 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2076 616c ed any other val\n-00010da0: 7565 2c0a 7468 6174 2076 616c 7565 2069 ue,.that value i\n-00010db0: 7320 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2065 7175 s considered equ\n-00010dc0: 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 ivalent to ...fa\n-00010dd0: 6c73 65e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 lse.... The var\n-00010de0: 6961 626c 6573 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f0a iables are also.\n-00010df0: 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 considered to be\n-00010e00: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 set to ...false\n-00010e10: e280 9920 6966 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 ... if they are \n-00010e20: 6e6f 7420 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 not set... Whe\n-00010e30: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2074 6865 204c n booting, the L\n-00010e40: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c inux kernel will\n-00010e50: 2064 656c 6567 6174 6520 7468 6520 7461 delegate the ta\n-00010e60: 736b 206f 6620 6d6f 756e 7469 6e67 2074 sk of mounting t\n-00010e70: 6865 0a72 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 he.root filesyst\n-00010e80: 656d 2074 6f20 7468 6520 696e 6974 7264 em to the initrd\n-00010e90: 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 696e 6974 7264 2069 . Most initrd i\n-00010ea0: 6d61 6765 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 mages determine \n-00010eb0: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a66 696c 6520 7379 the root.file sy\n-00010ec0: 7374 656d 2062 7920 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 stem by checking\n-00010ed0: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 the Linux kerne\n-00010ee0: 6c27 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 l's command-line\n-00010ef0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 for the ...root\n-00010f00: e280 990a 6b65 7920 616e 6420 7573 6520 ....key and use \n-00010f10: 6974 7320 7661 6c75 6520 6173 2074 6865 its value as the\n-00010f20: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 identification \n-00010f30: 6d65 7468 6f64 206f 6620 7468 6520 726f method of the ro\n-00010f40: 6f74 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 656d 2e20 ot file.system. \n-00010f50: 2054 6f20 696d 7072 6f76 6520 7468 6520 To improve the \n-00010f60: 7265 6c69 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2062 reliability of b\n-00010f70: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 6d6f 7374 2069 6e69 ooting, most ini\n-00010f80: 7472 6420 696d 6167 6573 2061 6c73 6f0a trd images also.\n-00010f90: 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 allow the root f\n-00010fa0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 6265 ile system to be\n-00010fb0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2069 identified by i\n-00010fc0: 7473 2055 5549 442e 2042 6563 6175 7365 ts UUID. Because\n-00010fd0: 206f 6620 7468 6973 0a62 6568 6176 696f of this.behavio\n-00010fe0: 722c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d r, the ...grub-m\n-00010ff0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 kconfig... comma\n-00011000: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 e280 9872 nd will set ...r\n-00011010: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 9872 6f6f oot... to ...roo\n-00011020: 743d 5555 4944 3d2e 2e2e e280 990a 746f t=UUID=.......to\n-00011030: 2070 726f 7669 6465 2074 6865 2069 6e69 provide the ini\n-00011040: 7472 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 696c trd with the fil\n-00011050: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 206f 6620 esystem UUID of \n-00011060: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 the root file sy\n-00011070: 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 206e 6f20 stem... If no \n-00011080: 696e 6974 7264 2069 7320 6465 7465 6374 initrd is detect\n-00011090: 6564 206f 7220 e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 ed or ...GRUB_DI\n-000110a0: 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 SABLE_LINUX_UUID\n-000110b0: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a e280 ... is set to...\n-000110c0: 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 e280 .true... then ..\n-000110d0: 9867 7275 622d 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 .grub-command...\n-000110e0: 2077 696c 6c20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 will identify t\n-000110f0: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 he root filesyst\n-00011100: 656d 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 em by setting.th\n-00011110: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e kernel command\n-00011120: 2d6c 696e 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 -line variable .\n-00011130: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 ..root... to ...\n-00011140: 726f 6f74 3d50 4152 5455 5549 443d 2e2e root=PARTUUID=..\n-00011150: 2ee2 8099 2075 6e6c 6573 730a e280 9847 .... unless....G\n-00011160: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n-00011170: 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 6973 X_PARTUUID... is\n-00011180: 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 also set to ...\n-00011190: 7472 7565 e280 992e 2020 4966 0ae2 8098 true.... If....\n-000111a0: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e GRUB_DISABLE_LIN\n-000111b0: 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 UX_PARTUUID... i\n-000111c0: 7320 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 s also set to ..\n-000111d0: 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9867 7275 .true..., ...gru\n-000111e0: 622d 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 2077 696c b-command... wil\n-000111f0: 6c0a 6964 656e 7469 6679 2062 7920 6974 l.identify by it\n-00011200: 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e s Linux device n\n-00011210: 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c ame... The fol\n-00011220: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 2073 756d lowing table sum\n-00011230: 6d61 7269 7a65 7320 7468 6520 6265 6861 marizes the beha\n-00011240: 7669 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 9867 vior of the ...g\n-00011250: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a rub-mkconfig....\n-00011260: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 496e 6974 7264 command...Initrd\n-00011270: 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c GRUB_DISABL\n-00011280: 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 E_LINUX_PARTUUID\n-00011290: 2020 2047 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f GRUB_DISABLE_\n-000112a0: 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 2020 204c 696e LINUX_UUID Lin\n-000112b0: 7578 2052 6f6f 740a 6465 7465 6374 6564 ux Root.detected\n-000112c0: 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 2020 2020 2020 Set To \n+00010ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 ========..If the\n+00010af0: 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e target operatin\n+00010b00: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2075 7365 7320 7468 g system uses th\n+00010b10: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 e Linux kernel, \n+00010b20: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+00010b30: e280 990a 6174 7465 6d70 7473 2074 6f20 ....attempts to \n+00010b40: 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f identify the roo\n+00010b50: 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7669 t file system vi\n+00010b60: 6120 6120 6865 7572 6973 7469 6320 616c a a heuristic al\n+00010b70: 676f 6972 7468 6d2e 0a54 6869 7320 616c goirthm..This al\n+00010b80: 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7365 6c65 6374 7320 gorithm selects \n+00010b90: 7468 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6361 7469 the identificati\n+00010ba0: 6f6e 206d 6574 686f 6420 6f66 2074 6865 on method of the\n+00010bb0: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 root file syste\n+00010bc0: 6d0a 6279 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7269 6e67 m.by considering\n+00010bd0: 2074 6872 6565 2066 6163 746f 7273 2e20 three factors. \n+00010be0: 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 7320 6966 The first is if\n+00010bf0: 2061 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2066 6f72 2074 an initrd for t\n+00010c00: 6865 2074 6172 6765 740a 6f70 6572 6174 he target.operat\n+00010c10: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 616c ing system is al\n+00010c20: 736f 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 so present. The\n+00010c30: 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6973 0ae2 8098 4752 second is....GR\n+00010c40: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n+00010c50: 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 6620 _UUID... and if \n+00010c60: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 set to ...true..\n+00010c70: 992c 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 e280 9867 ., prevents ...g\n+00010c80: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a rub-mkconfig....\n+00010c90: 6672 6f6d 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 from identifying\n+00010ca0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 the root file s\n+00010cb0: 7973 7465 6d20 6279 2069 7473 2055 5549 ystem by its UUI\n+00010cc0: 442e 2054 6865 2074 6869 7264 2069 730a D. The third is.\n+00010cd0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n+00010ce0: 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 LINUX_PARTUUID..\n+00010cf0: 9920 616e 6420 6966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 . and if set to \n+00010d00: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7072 6576 ...true..., prev\n+00010d10: 656e 7473 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 ents....grub-mkc\n+00010d20: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 6964 onfig... from id\n+00010d30: 656e 7469 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 726f entifying the ro\n+00010d40: 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2076 ot file system v\n+00010d50: 6961 2074 6865 2055 5549 4420 6f66 0a69 ia the UUID of.i\n+00010d60: 7473 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 2070 6172 ts enclosing par\n+00010d70: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 tition. If the \n+00010d80: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6173 variables are as\n+00010d90: 7369 676e 6564 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 signed any other\n+00010da0: 2076 616c 7565 2c0a 7468 6174 2076 616c value,.that val\n+00010db0: 7565 2069 7320 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 ue is considered\n+00010dc0: 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 20e2 equivalent to .\n+00010dd0: 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 ..false.... The\n+00010de0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7265 2061 variables are a\n+00010df0: 6c73 6f0a 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 lso.considered t\n+00010e00: 6f20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9866 o be set to ...f\n+00010e10: 616c 7365 e280 9920 6966 2074 6865 7920 alse... if they \n+00010e20: 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 are not set... \n+00010e30: 2057 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2074 When booting, t\n+00010e40: 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 he Linux kernel \n+00010e50: 7769 6c6c 2064 656c 6567 6174 6520 7468 will delegate th\n+00010e60: 6520 7461 736b 206f 6620 6d6f 756e 7469 e task of mounti\n+00010e70: 6e67 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 ng the.root file\n+00010e80: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7468 6520 696e system to the in\n+00010e90: 6974 7264 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 696e 6974 itrd. Most init\n+00010ea0: 7264 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6465 7465 726d rd images determ\n+00010eb0: 696e 6520 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a66 696c ine the root.fil\n+00010ec0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 6368 6563 e system by chec\n+00010ed0: 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b king the Linux k\n+00010ee0: 6572 6e65 6c27 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d ernel's command-\n+00010ef0: 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2074 6865 20e2 8098 line for the ...\n+00010f00: 726f 6f74 e280 990a 6b65 7920 616e 6420 root....key and \n+00010f10: 7573 6520 6974 7320 7661 6c75 6520 6173 use its value as\n+00010f20: 2074 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6963 6174 the identificat\n+00010f30: 696f 6e20 6d65 7468 6f64 206f 6620 7468 ion method of th\n+00010f40: 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 e root file.syst\n+00010f50: 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 696d 7072 6f76 6520 em. To improve \n+00010f60: 7468 6520 7265 6c69 6162 696c 6974 7920 the reliability \n+00010f70: 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 6d6f 7374 of booting, most\n+00010f80: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 6573 2061 initrd images a\n+00010f90: 6c73 6f0a 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 726f lso.allow the ro\n+00010fa0: 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 ot file system t\n+00010fb0: 6f20 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 o be identified \n+00010fc0: 6279 2069 7473 2055 5549 442e 2042 6563 by its UUID. Bec\n+00010fd0: 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 6973 0a62 6568 ause of this.beh\n+00010fe0: 6176 696f 722c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 avior, the ...gr\n+00010ff0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 ub-mkconfig... c\n+00011000: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 ommand will set \n+00011010: e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 ...root... to ..\n+00011020: 9872 6f6f 743d 5555 4944 3d2e 2e2e e280 .root=UUID=.....\n+00011030: 990a 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 2074 6865 ..to provide the\n+00011040: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 initrd with the\n+00011050: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 filesystem UUID\n+00011060: 206f 6620 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c of the root fil\n+00011070: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 e system... If\n+00011080: 206e 6f20 696e 6974 7264 2069 7320 6465 no initrd is de\n+00011090: 7465 6374 6564 206f 7220 e280 9847 5255 tected or ...GRU\n+000110a0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n+000110b0: 5555 4944 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 UUID... is set t\n+000110c0: 6f0a e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2074 6865 o....true... the\n+000110d0: 6e20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f 6d6d 616e n ...grub-comman\n+000110e0: 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6964 656e 7469 d... will identi\n+000110f0: 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 fy the root file\n+00011100: 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e system by settin\n+00011110: 670a 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d g.the kernel com\n+00011120: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 7661 7269 6162 mand-line variab\n+00011130: 6c65 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 746f le ...root... to\n+00011140: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 4152 5455 5549 ...root=PARTUUI\n+00011150: 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2075 6e6c 6573 730a D=...... unless.\n+00011160: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n+00011170: 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 LINUX_PARTUUID..\n+00011180: 9920 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 7420 746f . is also set to\n+00011190: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992e 2020 4966 ...true.... If\n+000111a0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ....GRUB_DISABLE\n+000111b0: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 _LINUX_PARTUUID.\n+000111c0: 8099 2069 7320 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 .. is also set t\n+000111d0: 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 o ...true..., ..\n+000111e0: 9867 7275 622d 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 .grub-command...\n+000111f0: 2077 696c 6c0a 6964 656e 7469 6679 2062 will.identify b\n+00011200: 7920 6974 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 6465 7669 y its Linux devi\n+00011210: 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 ce name... The\n+00011220: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 following table\n+00011230: 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7a65 7320 7468 6520 summarizes the \n+00011240: 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 behavior of the \n+00011250: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+00011260: e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 496e ....command...In\n+00011270: 6974 7264 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4449 itrd GRUB_DI\n+00011280: 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 SABLE_LINUX_PART\n+00011290: 5555 4944 2020 2047 5255 425f 4449 5341 UUID GRUB_DISA\n+000112a0: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 2020 BLE_LINUX_UUID \n+000112b0: 204c 696e 7578 2052 6f6f 740a 6465 7465 Linux Root.dete\n+000112c0: 6374 6564 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 2020 cted Set To \n 000112d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000112e0: 2053 6574 2054 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 Set To \n-000112f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4420 4d65 ID Me\n-00011300: 7468 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d thod.-----------\n+000112e0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 2020 2020 Set To \n+000112f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n+00011300: 4420 4d65 7468 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d D Method.-------\n 00011310: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00011320: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00011330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00011340: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00011350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 -----.false \n-00011360: 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n-00011370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n-00011380: 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alse \n-00011390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7420 5555 part UU\n-000113a0: 4944 0a66 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 6661 ID.false fa\n-000113b0: 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lse \n-000113c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 true\n-000113d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000113e0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a part UUID.\n-000113f0: 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 false true \n-00011400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 false \n-00011420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011430: 2020 2064 6576 206e 616d 650a 6661 6c73 dev name.fals\n-00011440: 6520 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 e true \n+00011350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 6661 6c73 6520 ---------.false \n+00011360: 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 false \n+00011370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00011380: 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n+00011390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 par\n+000113a0: 7420 5555 4944 0a66 616c 7365 2020 2020 t UUID.false \n+000113b0: 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n+000113c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000113d0: 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n+000113e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 2055 part U\n+000113f0: 5549 440a 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2074 UID.false t\n+00011400: 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue \n+00011410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c fal\n+00011420: 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se \n+00011430: 2020 2020 2020 2064 6576 206e 616d 650a dev name.\n+00011440: 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 false true \n 00011450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011460: 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 true \n-00011470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n-00011480: 6576 206e 616d 650a 7472 7565 2020 2020 ev name.true \n-00011490: 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n+00011460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 true \n+00011470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00011480: 2020 2064 6576 206e 616d 650a 7472 7565 dev name.true\n+00011490: 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 false \n 000114a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000114b0: 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n-000114c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7320 5555 fs UU\n-000114d0: 4944 0a74 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 6661 ID.true fa\n-000114e0: 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lse \n-000114f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 true\n-00011500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011510: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a part UUID.\n-00011520: 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 true true \n-00011530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 false \n-00011550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011560: 2020 2066 7320 5555 4944 0a74 7275 6520 fs UUID.true \n-00011570: 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 true \n+000114b0: 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 false \n+000114c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n+000114d0: 7320 5555 4944 0a74 7275 6520 2020 2020 s UUID.true \n+000114e0: 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n+000114f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00011500: 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00011510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 2055 part U\n+00011520: 5549 440a 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2074 UID.true t\n+00011530: 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue \n+00011540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c fal\n+00011550: 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se \n+00011560: 2020 2020 2020 2066 7320 5555 4944 0a74 fs UUID.t\n+00011570: 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 rue true \n 00011580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011590: 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n-000115a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n-000115b0: 7620 6e61 6d65 0a0a 2020 2052 656d 656d v name.. Remem\n-000115c0: 6265 722c 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 ber, ...GRUB_DIS\n-000115d0: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 ABLE_LINUX_PARTU\n-000115e0: 5549 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 UID... and ...GR\n-000115f0: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n-00011600: 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 0a61 7265 2061 6c73 _UUID....are als\n-00011610: 6f20 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 6f20 o considered to \n-00011620: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 be set to ...tru\n-00011630: 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 e... and ...fals\n-00011640: 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 e..., respective\n-00011650: 6c79 2c20 7768 656e 0a74 6865 7920 6172 ly, when.they ar\n-00011660: 6520 756e 7365 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 e unset.....File\n-00011670: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00011680: 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 de: Shell-like s\n-00011690: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a cripting, Next:\n-000116a0: 204d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 6d61 6e75 Multi-boot manu\n-000116b0: 616c 2063 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 5072 6576 al config, Prev\n-000116c0: 3a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 : Root Identifca\n-000116d0: 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c tion Heuristics,\n-000116e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 Up: Configurat\n-000116f0: 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e33 2057 7269 7469 6e67 ion..6.3 Writing\n-00011700: 2066 756c 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 full configurat\n-00011710: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 6374 ion files direct\n-00011720: 6c79 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ly.=============\n+00011590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 true \n+000115a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000115b0: 2020 6465 7620 6e61 6d65 0a0a 2020 2052 dev name.. R\n+000115c0: 656d 656d 6265 722c 20e2 8098 4752 5542 emember, ...GRUB\n+000115d0: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 _DISABLE_LINUX_P\n+000115e0: 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 ARTUUID... and .\n+000115f0: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c ..GRUB_DISABLE_L\n+00011600: 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 0a61 7265 INUX_UUID....are\n+00011610: 2061 6c73 6f20 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 also considered\n+00011620: 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 to be set to ..\n+00011630: 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 .true... and ...\n+00011640: 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 7370 6563 false..., respec\n+00011650: 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 7768 656e 0a74 6865 tively, when.the\n+00011660: 7920 6172 6520 756e 7365 742e 0a0a 1f0a y are unset.....\n+00011670: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00011680: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 Node: Shell-li\n+00011690: 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 204e ke scripting, N\n+000116a0: 6578 743a 204d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 ext: Multi-boot \n+000116b0: 6d61 6e75 616c 2063 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 manual config, \n+000116c0: 5072 6576 3a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 Prev: Root Ident\n+000116d0: 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 ifcation Heurist\n+000116e0: 6963 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 ics, Up: Config\n+000116f0: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e33 2057 7269 uration..6.3 Wri\n+00011700: 7469 6e67 2066 756c 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 ting full config\n+00011710: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6469 uration files di\n+00011720: 7265 6374 6c79 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rectly.=========\n 00011730: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00011740: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00011750: 0a0a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 .....grub.cfg...\n-00011760: 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e 2047 is written in G\n-00011770: 5255 4227 7320 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 RUB's built-in s\n-00011780: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 6167 cripting languag\n-00011790: 652c 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 0a73 e, which has a.s\n-000117a0: 796e 7461 7820 7175 6974 6520 7369 6d69 yntax quite simi\n-000117b0: 6c61 7220 746f 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2047 lar to that of G\n-000117c0: 4e55 2042 6173 6820 616e 6420 6f74 6865 NU Bash and othe\n-000117d0: 7220 426f 7572 6e65 2073 6865 6c6c 0a64 r Bourne shell.d\n-000117e0: 6572 6976 6174 6976 6573 2e0a 0a57 6f72 erivatives...Wor\n-000117f0: 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 e280 9c77 ds.=====..A ...w\n-00011800: 6f72 64e2 809d 2069 7320 6120 7365 7175 ord... is a sequ\n-00011810: 656e 6365 206f 6620 6368 6172 6163 7465 ence of characte\n-00011820: 7273 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 rs considered as\n-00011830: 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 756e 6974 2062 a single unit b\n-00011840: 790a 4752 5542 2e20 2057 6f72 6473 2061 y.GRUB. Words a\n-00011850: 7265 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 re separated by \n-00011860: e280 9c6d 6574 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 ...metacharacter\n-00011870: 73e2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 s..., which are \n-00011880: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 706c the following.pl\n-00011890: 7573 2073 7061 6365 2c20 7461 622c 2061 us space, tab, a\n-000118a0: 6e64 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 3a0a 0a20 2020 nd newline:.. \n-000118b0: 2020 7b20 7d20 7c20 2620 2420 3b20 3c20 { } | & $ ; < \n-000118c0: 3e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6f74 696e 6720 6d61 >.. Quoting ma\n-000118d0: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2069 6e63 y be used to inc\n-000118e0: 6c75 6465 206d 6574 6163 6861 7261 6374 lude metacharact\n-000118f0: 6572 7320 696e 2077 6f72 6473 3b20 7365 ers in words; se\n-00011900: 6520 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 5265 7365 7276 e below...Reserv\n-00011910: 6564 2077 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ed words.=======\n-00011920: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6573 6572 7665 =======..Reserve\n-00011930: 6420 776f 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 2073 d words have a s\n-00011940: 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 pecial meaning t\n-00011950: 6f20 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 666f 6c6c o GRUB. The foll\n-00011960: 6f77 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 650a owing words are.\n-00011970: 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 2061 7320 7265 recognised as re\n-00011980: 7365 7276 6564 2077 6865 6e20 756e 7175 served when unqu\n-00011990: 6f74 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6974 6865 7220 oted and either \n-000119a0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 206f the first word o\n-000119b0: 6620 610a 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 f a.simple comma\n-000119c0: 6e64 206f 7220 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 nd or the third \n-000119d0: 776f 7264 206f 6620 6120 e280 9866 6f72 word of a ...for\n-000119e0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 643a 0a0a 2020 ... command:.. \n-000119f0: 2020 2021 205b 5b20 5d5d 207b 207d 0a20 ! [[ ]] { }. \n-00011a00: 2020 2020 6361 7365 2064 6f20 646f 6e65 case do done\n-00011a10: 2065 6c69 6620 656c 7365 2065 7361 6320 elif else esac \n-00011a20: 6669 2066 6f72 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e0a fi for function.\n-00011a30: 2020 2020 2069 6620 696e 206d 656e 7565 if in menue\n-00011a40: 6e74 7279 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 656e ntry select then\n-00011a50: 2074 696d 6520 756e 7469 6c20 7768 696c time until whil\n-00011a60: 650a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 e.. Not all of\n-00011a70: 2074 6865 7365 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 these reserved \n-00011a80: 776f 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 2075 7365 words have a use\n-00011a90: 6675 6c20 7075 7270 6f73 6520 7965 743b ful purpose yet;\n-00011aa0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6172 650a 7265 7365 7276 some are.reserv\n-00011ab0: 6564 2066 6f72 2066 7574 7572 6520 6578 ed for future ex\n-00011ac0: 7061 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5175 6f74 696e pansion...Quotin\n-00011ad0: 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a51 756f 7469 g.=======..Quoti\n-00011ae0: 6e67 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 ng is used to re\n-00011af0: 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c move the special\n-00011b00: 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 6365 7274 meaning of cert\n-00011b10: 6169 6e20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 206f ain characters o\n-00011b20: 720a 776f 7264 732e 2020 4974 2063 616e r.words. It can\n-00011b30: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7472 6561 be used to trea\n-00011b40: 7420 6d65 7461 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 t metacharacters\n-00011b50: 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 6120 776f as part of a wo\n-00011b60: 7264 2c20 746f 0a70 7265 7665 6e74 2072 rd, to.prevent r\n-00011b70: 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6672 eserved words fr\n-00011b80: 6f6d 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 om being recogni\n-00011b90: 7365 6420 6173 2073 7563 682c 2061 6e64 sed as such, and\n-00011ba0: 2074 6f20 7072 6576 656e 740a 7661 7269 to prevent.vari\n-00011bb0: 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e0a able expansion..\n-00011bc0: 0a20 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7468 . There are th\n-00011bd0: 7265 6520 7175 6f74 696e 6720 6d65 6368 ree quoting mech\n-00011be0: 616e 6973 6d73 3a20 7468 6520 6573 6361 anisms: the esca\n-00011bf0: 7065 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 7369 pe character, si\n-00011c00: 6e67 6c65 0a71 756f 7465 732c 2061 6e64 ngle.quotes, and\n-00011c10: 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e0a double quotes..\n-00011c20: 0a20 2020 4120 6e6f 6e2d 7175 6f74 6564 . A non-quoted\n-00011c30: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2028 5c29 2069 backslash (\\) i\n-00011c40: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c65 7363 6170 6520 s the ...escape \n-00011c50: 6368 6172 6163 7465 72e2 809d 2e20 2049 character.... I\n-00011c60: 7420 7072 6573 6572 7665 730a 7468 6520 t preserves.the \n-00011c70: 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 literal value of\n-00011c80: 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 6172 6163 the next charac\n-00011c90: 7465 7220 7468 6174 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 ter that follows\n-00011ca0: 2c20 7769 7468 2074 6865 2065 7863 6570 , with the excep\n-00011cb0: 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 6e65 776c 696e 652e tion.of newline.\n-00011cc0: 0a0a 2020 2045 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 2063 .. Enclosing c\n-00011cd0: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e 2073 696e haracters in sin\n-00011ce0: 676c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2070 7265 7365 gle quotes prese\n-00011cf0: 7276 6573 2074 6865 206c 6974 6572 616c rves the literal\n-00011d00: 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 6561 6368 2063 value of.each c\n-00011d10: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 haracter within \n-00011d20: 7468 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 2041 2073 the quotes. A s\n-00011d30: 696e 676c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 ingle quote may \n-00011d40: 6e6f 7420 6f63 6375 7220 6265 7477 6565 not occur betwee\n-00011d50: 6e0a 7369 6e67 6c65 2071 756f 7465 732c n.single quotes,\n-00011d60: 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2070 7265 6365 even when prece\n-00011d70: 6465 6420 6279 2061 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 ded by a backsla\n-00011d80: 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 456e 636c 6f73 696e sh... Enclosin\n-00011d90: 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2069 6e20 g characters in \n-00011da0: 646f 7562 6c65 2071 756f 7465 7320 7072 double quotes pr\n-00011db0: 6573 6572 7665 7320 7468 6520 6c69 7465 eserves the lite\n-00011dc0: 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a61 6c6c ral value of.all\n-00011dd0: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 7769 7468 characters with\n-00011de0: 696e 2074 6865 2071 756f 7465 732c 2077 in the quotes, w\n-00011df0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6578 6365 7074 696f ith the exceptio\n-00011e00: 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 24e2 8099 2061 6e64 n of ...$... and\n-00011e10: 20e2 8098 5ce2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 e280 ...\\.....The ..\n-00011e20: 9824 e280 9920 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 .$... character \n-00011e30: 7265 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 7370 6563 retains its spec\n-00011e40: 6961 6c20 6d65 616e 696e 6720 7769 7468 ial meaning with\n-00011e50: 696e 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 in double quotes\n-00011e60: 2e20 2054 6865 0a62 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 . The.backslash\n-00011e70: 2072 6574 6169 6e73 2069 7473 2073 7065 retains its spe\n-00011e80: 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 6e6c cial meaning onl\n-00011e90: 7920 7768 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 y when followed \n-00011ea0: 6279 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 650a 666f by one of the.fo\n-00011eb0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 llowing characte\n-00011ec0: 7273 3a20 e280 9824 e280 992c 20e2 8098 rs: ...$..., ...\n-00011ed0: 22e2 8099 2c20 e280 985c e280 992c 206f \"..., ...\\..., o\n-00011ee0: 7220 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 4120 6261 r newline. A ba\n-00011ef0: 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e 650a ckslash-newline.\n-00011f00: 7061 6972 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 pair is treated \n-00011f10: 6173 2061 206c 696e 6520 636f 6e74 696e as a line contin\n-00011f20: 7561 7469 6f6e 2028 7468 6174 2069 732c uation (that is,\n-00011f30: 2069 7420 6973 2072 656d 6f76 6564 2066 it is removed f\n-00011f40: 726f 6d20 7468 650a 696e 7075 7420 7374 rom the.input st\n-00011f50: 7265 616d 2061 6e64 2065 6666 6563 7469 ream and effecti\n-00011f60: 7665 6c79 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2831 2920 vely ignored(1) \n-00011f70: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b (*note Shell-lik\n-00011f80: 650a 7363 7269 7074 696e 672d 466f 6f74 e.scripting-Foot\n-00011f90: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2929 2e20 2041 2064 note-1::)). A d\n-00011fa0: 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 ouble quote may \n-00011fb0: 6265 2071 756f 7465 6420 7769 7468 696e be quoted within\n-00011fc0: 2064 6f75 626c 650a 7175 6f74 6573 2062 double.quotes b\n-00011fd0: 7920 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 6974 2077 y preceding it w\n-00011fe0: 6974 6820 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682e ith a backslash.\n-00011ff0: 0a0a 5661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e ..Variable expan\n-00012000: 7369 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d sion.===========\n-00012010: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 20e2 8098 =======..The ...\n-00012020: 24e2 8099 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2069 $... character i\n-00012030: 6e74 726f 6475 6365 7320 7661 7269 6162 ntroduces variab\n-00012040: 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e20 2054 le expansion. T\n-00012050: 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 he variable name\n-00012060: 2074 6f0a 6265 2065 7870 616e 6465 6420 to.be expanded \n-00012070: 6d61 7920 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 may be enclosed \n-00012080: 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2077 6869 6368 in braces, which\n-00012090: 2061 7265 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 are optional bu\n-000120a0: 7420 7365 7276 6520 746f 0a70 726f 7465 t serve to.prote\n-000120b0: 6374 2074 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ct the variable \n-000120c0: 746f 2062 6520 6578 7061 6e64 6564 2066 to be expanded f\n-000120d0: 726f 6d20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2069 rom characters i\n-000120e0: 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 0a66 6f6c 6c6f mmediately.follo\n-000120f0: 7769 6e67 2069 7420 7768 6963 6820 636f wing it which co\n-00012100: 756c 6420 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 uld be interpret\n-00012110: 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 ed as part of th\n-00012120: 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 726d e name... Norm\n-00012130: 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 al variable name\n-00012140: 7320 6265 6769 6e20 7769 7468 2061 6e20 s begin with an \n-00012150: 616c 7068 6162 6574 6963 2063 6861 7261 alphabetic chara\n-00012160: 6374 6572 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 cter, followed b\n-00012170: 790a 7a65 726f 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2061 y.zero or more a\n-00012180: 6c70 6861 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6368 6172 lphanumeric char\n-00012190: 6163 7465 7273 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206e acters. These n\n-000121a0: 616d 6573 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 656e ames refer to en\n-000121b0: 7472 6965 7320 696e 0a74 6865 2047 5255 tries in.the GRU\n-000121c0: 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a B environment (*\n-000121d0: 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 note Environment\n-000121e0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2050 6f73 6974 696f ::)... Positio\n-000121f0: 6e61 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d nal variable nam\n-00012200: 6573 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 206f 6620 6f6e es consist of on\n-00012210: 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6469 6769 7473 e or more digits\n-00012220: 2e20 2054 6865 790a 7265 7072 6573 656e . They.represen\n-00012230: 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2070 6173 t parameters pas\n-00012240: 7365 6420 746f 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 sed to function \n-00012250: 6361 6c6c 732c 2077 6974 6820 e280 9824 calls, with ...$\n-00012260: 31e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 696e 1... representin\n-00012270: 670a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7261 g.the first para\n-00012280: 6d65 7465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e meter, and so on\n-00012290: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7370 6563 6961 ... The specia\n-000122a0: 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 l variable name \n-000122b0: e280 983f e280 9920 6578 7061 6e64 7320 ...?... expands \n-000122c0: 746f 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 to the exit stat\n-000122d0: 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 0a72 us of the most.r\n-000122e0: 6563 656e 746c 7920 6578 6563 7574 6564 ecently executed\n-000122f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 command. When \n-00012300: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2076 6172 6961 positional varia\n-00012310: 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6163 ble names are ac\n-00012320: 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 6865 7220 7370 6563 tive,.other spec\n-00012330: 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d ial variable nam\n-00012340: 6573 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 2c20 e280 982a es ...@..., ...*\n-00012350: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9823 e280 9920 ... and ...#... \n-00012360: 6172 6520 6465 6669 6e65 6420 616e 6420 are defined and \n-00012370: 7468 6579 0a65 7870 616e 6420 746f 2061 they.expand to a\n-00012380: 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 ll positional pa\n-00012390: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e65 rameters with ne\n-000123a0: 6365 7373 6172 7920 7175 6f74 696e 672c cessary quoting,\n-000123b0: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 positional.para\n-000123c0: 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 meters without a\n-000123d0: 6e79 2071 756f 7469 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 ny quoting, and \n-000123e0: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d positional param\n-000123f0: 6574 6572 2063 6f75 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 eter count.respe\n-00012400: 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e ctively...Commen\n-00012410: 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 ts.========..A w\n-00012420: 6f72 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 ord beginning wi\n-00012430: 7468 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2063 6175 7365 th ...#... cause\n-00012440: 7320 7468 6174 2077 6f72 6420 616e 6420 s that word and \n-00012450: 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6368 all remaining ch\n-00012460: 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a6f 6e20 7468 6174 aracters.on that\n-00012470: 206c 696e 6520 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f line to be igno\n-00012480: 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d red...Simple com\n-00012490: 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mands.==========\n-000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 =====..A ...simp\n-000124b0: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 le command... is\n-000124c0: 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2077 a sequence of w\n-000124d0: 6f72 6473 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ords separated b\n-000124e0: 7920 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 7461 6273 y spaces or tabs\n-000124f0: 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 6420 .and terminated \n-00012500: 6279 2061 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 206f by a semicolon o\n-00012510: 7220 6120 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 5468 r a newline. Th\n-00012520: 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2073 7065 e first word spe\n-00012530: 6369 6669 6573 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 cifies.the comma\n-00012540: 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 nd to be execute\n-00012550: 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e d. The remainin\n-00012560: 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 g words are pass\n-00012570: 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a ed as arguments.\n-00012580: 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2063 to the invoked c\n-00012590: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 ommand... The \n-000125a0: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 return value of \n-000125b0: 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 a simple command\n-000125c0: 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 is its exit sta\n-000125d0: 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a72 6573 tus. If the.res\n-000125e0: 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 20e2 8098 21e2 erved word ...!.\n-000125f0: 8099 2070 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 6520 .. precedes the \n-00012600: 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 command, then th\n-00012610: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 e return value i\n-00012620: 7320 696e 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 6c6f s instead.the lo\n-00012630: 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e 206f gical negation o\n-00012640: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 f the command's \n-00012650: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a 436f exit status...Co\n-00012660: 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a mpound commands.\n-00012670: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00012680: 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 =..A ...compound\n-00012690: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 206f command... is o\n-000126a0: 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ne of the follow\n-000126b0: 696e 673a 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 ing:..for NAME i\n-000126c0: 6e20 574f 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c n WORD ...; do L\n-000126d0: 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2054 IST; done. T\n-000126e0: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 he list of words\n-000126f0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 20e2 8098 696e following ...in\n-00012700: e280 9920 6973 2065 7870 616e 6465 642c ... is expanded,\n-00012710: 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 6120 6c69 generating a li\n-00012720: 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d73 st of. items\n-00012730: 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 . The variable \n-00012740: 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2065 NAME is set to e\n-00012750: 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 ach element of t\n-00012760: 6869 7320 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 his list in. \n-00012770: 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c 4953 5420 turn, and LIST \n-00012780: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 6561 6368 is executed each\n-00012790: 2074 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 time. The retu\n-000127a0: 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 7468 6520 rn value is the \n-000127b0: 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 exit. status\n-000127c0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d of the last com\n-000127d0: 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6578 6563 7574 mand that execut\n-000127e0: 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6578 7061 es. If the expa\n-000127f0: 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 nsion of the. \n-00012800: 2020 6974 656d 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e items followin\n-00012810: 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 756c g ...in... resul\n-00012820: 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 206c ts in an empty l\n-00012830: 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ist, no commands\n-00012840: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 are. execut\n-00012850: 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7475 ed, and the retu\n-00012860: 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 2e0a rn status is 0..\n-00012870: 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e 204c .if LIST; then L\n-00012880: 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 543b IST; [elif LIST;\n-00012890: 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e then LIST;] ...\n-000128a0: 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 6669 [else LIST;] fi\n-000128b0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9869 66e2 . The ...if.\n-000128c0: 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 .. LIST is execu\n-000128d0: 7465 642c 2077 6865 7265 204c 4953 5420 ted, where LIST \n-000128e0: 6973 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 is a series of .\n-000128f0: 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f ..simple. co\n-00012900: 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 mmand...s separa\n-00012910: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 ted by a \";\". I\n-00012920: 6620 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 f its exit statu\n-00012930: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 740a 2020 s of the last. \n-00012940: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 command is ze\n-00012950: 726f 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 ro, the ...then.\n-00012960: 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 .. LIST is execu\n-00012970: 7465 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c ted. Otherwise,\n-00012980: 2065 6163 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656c each. ...el\n-00012990: 6966 e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 if... LIST is ex\n-000129a0: 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 ecuted in turn, \n-000129b0: 616e 6420 6966 2069 7473 206c 6173 7420 and if its last \n-000129c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 0a20 command's exit. \n-000129d0: 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 status is ze\n-000129e0: 726f 2c20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f ro, the correspo\n-000129f0: 6e64 696e 6720 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 nding ...then...\n-00012a00: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n-00012a10: 6420 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 d and the. c\n-00012a20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 ommand completes\n-00012a30: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 . Otherwise, th\n-00012a40: 6520 e280 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 204c 4953 e ...else... LIS\n-00012a50: 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2069 T is executed, i\n-00012a60: 660a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 f. present. \n-00012a70: 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 The exit status\n-00012a80: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 is the exit sta\n-00012a90: 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 tus of the last \n-00012aa0: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 command. exe\n-00012ab0: 6375 7465 642c 206f 7220 7a65 726f 2069 cuted, or zero i\n-00012ac0: 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 f no condition t\n-00012ad0: 6573 7465 6420 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 ested true...whi\n-00012ae0: 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 le COND; do LIST\n-00012af0: 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e ; done.until CON\n-00012b00: 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 D; do LIST; done\n-00012b10: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9877 6869 . The ...whi\n-00012b20: 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f le... command co\n-00012b30: 6e74 696e 756f 7573 6c79 2065 7865 6375 ntinuously execu\n-00012b40: 7465 7320 7468 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 8099 tes the ...do...\n-00012b50: 204c 4953 5420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 LIST as long as\n-00012b60: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 . the last c\n-00012b70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 ommand in COND r\n-00012b80: 6574 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 6974 2073 eturns an exit s\n-00012b90: 7461 7475 7320 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 tatus of zero, w\n-00012ba0: 6865 7265 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 2069 here COND. i\n-00012bb0: 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c73 s a list of ...s\n-00012bc0: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d imple command...\n-00012bd0: 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 s separated by a\n-00012be0: 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 756e \";\". The ...un\n-00012bf0: 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d til.... comm\n-00012c00: 616e 6420 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c and is identical\n-00012c10: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 to the ...while\n-00012c20: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 7863 ... command, exc\n-00012c30: 6570 7420 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 6573 ept that the tes\n-00012c40: 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e65 6761 7465 t. is negate\n-00012c50: 643b 2074 6865 20e2 8098 646f e280 9920 d; the ...do... \n-00012c60: 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 LIST is executed\n-00012c70: 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 as long as the \n-00012c80: 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 last command. \n-00012c90: 2020 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e in COND return\n-00012ca0: 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 7869 s a non-zero exi\n-00012cb0: 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 2065 t status. The e\n-00012cc0: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 xit status of th\n-00012cd0: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 e. ...while.\n-00012ce0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 .. and ...until.\n-00012cf0: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 .. commands is t\n-00012d00: 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f he exit status o\n-00012d10: 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 646f f the last ...do\n-00012d20: e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 4953 5420 636f .... LIST co\n-00012d30: 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 mmand executed, \n-00012d40: 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 or zero if none \n-00012d50: 7761 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 was executed...f\n-00012d60: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 unction NAME { C\n-00012d70: 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 OMMAND; ... }. \n-00012d80: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 This defines \n-00012d90: 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 a function named\n-00012da0: 204e 414d 452e 2020 5468 6520 e280 9c62 NAME. The ...b\n-00012db0: 6f64 79e2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 ody... of the fu\n-00012dc0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2074 nction is. t\n-00012dd0: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 he list of comma\n-00012de0: 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 nds within brace\n-00012df0: 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 s, each of which\n-00012e00: 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7465 must be. te\n-00012e10: 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 rminated with a \n-00012e20: 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 206e semicolon or a n\n-00012e30: 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6c69 ewline. This li\n-00012e40: 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 st of commands. \n-00012e50: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 6563 will be exec\n-00012e60: 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 uted whenever NA\n-00012e70: 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 ME is specified \n-00012e80: 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 as the name of a\n-00012e90: 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d simple. com\n-00012ea0: 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 mand. Function \n-00012eb0: 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 206e definitions do n\n-00012ec0: 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 6578 ot affect the ex\n-00012ed0: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 2020 it status in. \n-00012ee0: 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 ...$?.... Whe\n-00012ef0: 6e20 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 n executed, the \n-00012f00: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 exit status of a\n-00012f10: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 function is the\n-00012f20: 2065 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 exit. statu\n-00012f30: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f s of the last co\n-00012f40: 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 mmand executed i\n-00012f50: 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e n the body...men\n-00012f60: 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b e280 uentry TITLE [..\n-00012f70: 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 .--class=class..\n-00012f80: 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 982d 2d75 7365 . ...] [...--use\n-00012f90: 7273 3d75 7365 7273 e280 995d 205b e280 rs=users...] [..\n-00012fa0: 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 .--unrestricted.\n-00012fb0: 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 ..] [...--hotkey\n-00012fc0: 3d6b 6579 e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d69 =key...] [...--i\n-00012fd0: 643d 6964 e280 995d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 d=id...] { COMMA\n-00012fe0: 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a ND; ... }. *\n-00012ff0: 4e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a Note menuentry::\n-00013000: 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d ...Built-in Comm\n-00013010: 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ands.===========\n-00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 ======..Some bui\n-00013030: 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 lt-in commands a\n-00013040: 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 re also provided\n-00013050: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 by GRUB script \n-00013060: 746f 2068 656c 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 to help script.w\n-00013070: 7269 7465 7273 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 riters perform a\n-00013080: 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 ctions that are \n-00013090: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f otherwise not po\n-000130a0: 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 ssible. For exa\n-000130b0: 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c mple,.these incl\n-000130c0: 7564 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 ude commands to \n-000130d0: 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f jump out of a lo\n-000130e0: 6f70 2077 6974 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 op without fully\n-000130f0: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 completing.it, \n-00013100: 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 etc...break [...\n-00013110: 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 n...]. Exit \n-00013120: 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e280 from within a ..\n-00013130: 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c .for..., ...whil\n-00013140: 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 756e 7469 e..., or ...unti\n-00013150: 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 l... loop. If .\n-00013160: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 ..n... is. s\n-00013170: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 pecified, break \n-00013180: e280 986e e280 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 ...n... levels. \n-00013190: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 ...n... must be\n-000131a0: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 greater than or\n-000131b0: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 equal to. 1\n-000131c0: 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 . If ...n... is\n-000131d0: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 greater than th\n-000131e0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c e number of encl\n-000131f0: 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c osing loops, all\n-00013200: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 . enclosing \n-00013210: 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 loops are exited\n-00013220: 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 . The return va\n-00013230: 6c75 6520 6973 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 lue is 0 unless \n-00013240: e280 986e e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 ...n... is. \n-00013250: 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e not greater than\n-00013260: 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a or equal to 1..\n-00013270: 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 .continue [...n.\n-00013280: 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d 6520 ..]. Resume \n-00013290: 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 7469 the next iterati\n-000132a0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c 6f73 on of the enclos\n-000132b0: 696e 6720 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 ing ...for..., .\n-000132c0: 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 206f 720a 2020 ..while... or. \n-000132d0: 2020 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c ...until... l\n-000132e0: 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 oop. If ...n...\n-000132f0: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2072 is specified, r\n-00013300: 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 esume at the ...\n-00013310: 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 n...th enclosing\n-00013320: 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 . loop. ...\n-00013330: 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 n... must be gre\n-00013340: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 ater than or equ\n-00013350: 616c 2074 6f20 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 al to 1. If ...\n-00013360: 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 720a n... is greater.\n-00013370: 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 than the nu\n-00013380: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e mber of enclosin\n-00013390: 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 6865 206c 6173 g loops, the las\n-000133a0: 7420 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 t enclosing loop\n-000133b0: 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 809c 746f (the. ...to\n-000133c0: 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 p-level... loop)\n-000133d0: 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 5468 is resumed. Th\n-000133e0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 e return value i\n-000133f0: 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 s 0 unless ...n.\n-00013400: 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 .. is. not g\n-00013410: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n-00013420: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 qual to 1...retu\n-00013430: 726e 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 rn [...n...]. \n-00013440: 2020 4361 7573 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 Causes a funct\n-00013450: 696f 6e20 746f 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 ion to exit with\n-00013460: 2074 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 the return valu\n-00013470: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 20e2 e specified by .\n-00013480: 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 ..n..... If \n-00013490: e280 986e e280 9920 6973 206f 6d69 7474 ...n... is omitt\n-000134a0: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 ed, the return s\n-000134b0: 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 6f66 tatus is that of\n-000134c0: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e the last comman\n-000134d0: 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 d. executed \n-000134e0: 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 in the function \n-000134f0: 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 206f body. If used o\n-00013500: 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f utside a functio\n-00013510: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 n the. retur\n-00013520: 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 6c73 n status is fals\n-00013530: 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 5be2 e...setparams [.\n-00013540: 8098 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 ..arg...] .... \n-00013550: 2020 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 Replace posit\n-00013560: 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ional parameters\n-00013570: 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 starting with .\n-00013580: 8098 2431 e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 7267 ..$1... with arg\n-00013590: 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 uments to. .\n-000135a0: 8098 7365 7470 6172 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a ..setparams.....\n-000135b0: 0a73 6869 6674 205b e280 986e e280 995d .shift [...n...]\n-000135c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 . The positi\n-000135d0: 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 onal parameters \n-000135e0: 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e from ...n...+1 .\n-000135f0: 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 .. are renamed t\n-00013600: 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 o ...$1........ \n-00013610: 2020 2020 5061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 Parameters r\n-00013620: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 epresented by th\n-00013630: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e280 9824 23e2 e numbers ...$#.\n-00013640: 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 2423 .. down to ...$#\n-00013650: e280 992d e280 986e e280 992b 3120 6172 ...-...n...+1 ar\n-00013660: 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 e. unset. .\n-00013670: 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 ..n... must be a\n-00013680: 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 non-negative nu\n-00013690: 6d62 6572 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f mber less than o\n-000136a0: 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 r equal to. \n-000136b0: e280 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 e280 ...$#.... If ..\n-000136c0: 986e e280 9920 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 .n... is 0, no p\n-000136d0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6368 arameters are ch\n-000136e0: 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 anged. If ...n.\n-000136f0: 8099 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 .. is not. g\n-00013700: 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 iven, it is assu\n-00013710: 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 med to be 1. If\n-00013720: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 ...n... is grea\n-00013730: 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 ter than ...$#..\n-00013740: 992c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7369 ., the. posi\n-00013750: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 tional parameter\n-00013760: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 616e 6765 s are not change\n-00013770: 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 d. The return s\n-00013780: 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6772 tatus is. gr\n-00013790: 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f20 eater than zero \n-000137a0: 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 if ...n... is gr\n-000137b0: 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 eater than ...$#\n-000137c0: e280 9920 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e ... or less than\n-000137d0: 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 zero;. othe\n-000137e0: 7277 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rwise 0.....File\n-000137f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00013800: 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 de: Shell-like s\n-00013810: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 cripting-Footnot\n-00013820: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c es, Up: Shell-l\n-00013830: 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 ike scripting.. \n-00013840: 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 (1) Currently \n-00013850: 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c a backslash-newl\n-00013860: 696e 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 ine pair within \n-00013870: 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 a variable name \n-00013880: 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 is not.handled p\n-00013890: 726f 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 roperly, so use \n-000138a0: 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 this feature wit\n-000138b0: 6820 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a h some care.....\n-000138c0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000138d0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f Node: Multi-bo\n-000138e0: 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 ot manual config\n-000138f0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 , Next: Embedde\n-00013900: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c d configuration,\n-00013910: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 Prev: Shell-li\n-00013920: 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 ke scripting, U\n-00013930: 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e p: Configuration\n-00013940: 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 ..6.4 Multi-boot\n-00013950: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d manual config.=\n-00013960: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 ===========..Cur\n-00013980: 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 rently autogener\n-00013990: 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c ating config fil\n-000139a0: 6573 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f es for multi-boo\n-000139b0: 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 t environments.d\n-000139c0: 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f epends on os-pro\n-000139d0: 6265 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 ber and has seve\n-000139e0: 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 ral shortcomings\n-000139f0: 2e20 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 . Due to that i\n-00013a00: 7420 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 t is.disabled by\n-00013a10: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 default. It is\n-00013a20: 2061 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 advised to use \n-00013a30: 7468 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 the power of GRU\n-00013a40: 4220 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 B syntax and.do \n-00013a50: 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 it yourself. A \n-00013a60: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 possible configu\n-00013a70: 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c ration is detail\n-00013a80: 6564 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 ed here, feel fr\n-00013a90: 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 ee to.adjust to \n-00013aa0: 796f 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 your needs... \n-00013ab0: 4669 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 First create a s\n-00013ac0: 6570 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 eparate GRUB par\n-00013ad0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 tition, big enou\n-00013ae0: 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e gh to hold GRUB.\n-00013af0: 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c Some.of the fol\n-00013b00: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 lowing entries s\n-00013b10: 686f 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 how how to load \n-00013b20: 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 OS installer ima\n-00013b30: 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 ges from this.sa\n-00013b40: 6d65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f me partition, fo\n-00013b50: 7220 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f r that you obvio\n-00013b60: 7573 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b usly need to mak\n-00013b70: 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 e the partition \n-00013b80: 6c61 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 large.enough to \n-00013b90: 686f 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 hold those image\n-00013ba0: 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e s as well. Moun\n-00013bb0: 7420 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e t this partition\n-00013bc0: 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 on/mnt/boot.and\n-00013bd0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e disable GRUB in\n-00013be0: 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 all OSes and ma\n-00013bf0: 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 nually install s\n-00013c00: 656c 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 elf-compiled lat\n-00013c10: 6573 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a est.GRUB with:..\n-00013c20: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 ...grub-insta\n-00013c30: 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 ll --boot-direct\n-00013c40: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 ory=/mnt/boot /d\n-00013c50: 6576 2f73 6461 e280 990a 0a20 2020 496e ev/sda..... In\n-00013c60: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e all the OSes in\n-00013c70: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 stall GRUB tools\n-00013c80: 2062 7574 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 but disable ins\n-00013c90: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a talling GRUB in.\n-00013ca0: 626f 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 bootsector, so y\n-00013cb0: 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e ou'll have menu.\n-00013cc0: 6c73 7420 616e 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 lst and grub.cfg\n-00013cd0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 available for u\n-00013ce0: 7365 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 se..Also disable\n-00013cf0: 206f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 os-prober use b\n-00013d00: 7920 7365 7474 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 y setting:.. .\n-00013d10: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f ..GRUB_DISABLE_O\n-00013d20: 535f 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 S_PROBER=true...\n-00013d30: 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 .. in /etc/def\n-00013d40: 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 5468 ault/grub.. Th\n-00013d50: 656e 2077 7269 7465 2061 2067 7275 622e en write a grub.\n-00013d60: 6366 6720 282f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 cfg (/mnt/boot/g\n-00013d70: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a rub/grub.cfg):..\n-00013d80: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 . menuentry \n-00013d90: 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 3222 \"OS using grub2\"\n-00013da0: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f {. insmo\n-00013db0: 6420 7866 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 d xfs. se\n-00013dc0: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n-00013dd0: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 --label OS1 --hi\n-00013de0: 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a 2020 nt hd0,msdos8. \n-00013df0: 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 configfile\n-00013e00: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 /boot/grub/grub\n-00013e10: 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 .cfg. }.. \n-00013e20: 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 menuentry \"OS \n-00013e30: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 322d 6c65 6761 using grub2-lega\n-00013e40: 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e cy\" {. in\n-00013e50: 736d 6f64 2065 7874 320a 2020 2020 2020 smod ext2. \n-00013e60: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n-00013e70: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 oot --label OS2 \n-00013e80: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 --hint hd0,msdos\n-00013e90: 360a 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6761 6379 6. legacy\n-00013ea0: 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f _configfile /boo\n-00013eb0: 742f 6772 7562 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 740a t/grub/menu.lst.\n-00013ec0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n-00013ed0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 uentry \"Windows \n-00013ee0: 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e XP\" {. in\n-00013ef0: 736d 6f64 206e 7466 730a 2020 2020 2020 smod ntfs. \n-00013f00: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n-00013f10: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 oot --label WIND\n-00013f20: 4f57 535f 5850 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 OWS_XP --hint hd\n-00013f30: 302c 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos1. \n-00013f40: 206e 746c 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 ntldr /ntldr. \n-00013f50: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n-00013f60: 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 ntry \"Windows 7\"\n-00013f70: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f {. insmo\n-00013f80: 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2073 d ntfs. s\n-00013f90: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n-00013fa0: 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 494e 444f 5753 --label WINDOWS\n-00013fb0: 5f37 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 _7 --hint hd0,ms\n-00013fc0: 646f 7332 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c dos2. ntl\n-00013fd0: 6472 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 2020 dr /bootmgr. \n-00013fe0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n-00013ff0: 7279 2022 4672 6565 4253 4422 207b 0a20 ry \"FreeBSD\" {. \n-00014000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n-00014010: 736d 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 smod zfs. \n-00014020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n-00014030: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n-00014040: 6c20 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e l freepool --hin\n-00014050: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7337 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos7. \n-00014060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b66 7265 kfre\n-00014070: 6562 7364 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 ebsd /freebsd@/b\n-00014080: 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 oot/kernel/kerne\n-00014090: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-000140a0: 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 kfreebsd_module\n-000140b0: 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 _elf /freebsd@/b\n-000140c0: 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 oot/kernel/opens\n-000140d0: 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 olaris.ko. \n-000140e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 kfreebs\n-000140f0: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 d_module_elf /fr\n-00014100: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e eebsd@/boot/kern\n-00014110: 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 el/zfs.ko. \n-00014120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 kfreebs\n-00014130: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6672 6565 6273 d_module /freebs\n-00014140: 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f d@/boot/zfs/zpoo\n-00014150: 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 7479 7065 3d2f 626f l.cache type=/bo\n-00014160: 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 ot/zfs/zpool.cac\n-00014170: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-00014180: 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e76 set kFreeBSD.v\n-00014190: 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f 756e 7466 726f fs.root.mountfro\n-000141a0: 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 m=zfs:freepool/f\n-000141b0: 7265 6562 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 reebsd. \n-000141c0: 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 set kFreeB\n-000141d0: 5344 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 SD.hw.psm.synapt\n-000141e0: 6963 735f 7375 7070 6f72 743d 310a 2020 ics_support=1. \n-000141f0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n-00014200: 6e74 7279 2022 6578 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 ntry \"experiment\n-00014210: 616c 2047 5255 4222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 al GRUB\" {. \n-00014220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 search\n-00014230: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n-00014240: 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 bel GRUB --hint \n-00014250: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos5. \n-00014260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 multib\n-00014270: 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 6572 696d 656e 7461 oot /experimenta\n-00014280: 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2f63 l/grub/i386-pc/c\n-00014290: 6f72 652e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a ore.img. }..\n-000142a0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n-000142b0: 4665 646f 7261 2031 3620 696e 7374 616c Fedora 16 instal\n-000142c0: 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ler\" {. \n-000142d0: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n-000142e0: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n-000142f0: 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c GRUB --hint hd0,\n-00014300: 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 msdos5. \n-00014310: 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 linux /fed\n-00014320: 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 ora/vmlinuz lang\n-00014330: 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 =en_US keymap=sg\n-00014340: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 resolution=1280\n-00014350: 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x800. \n-00014360: 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f initrd /fedo\n-00014370: 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 ra/initrd.img. \n-00014380: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n-00014390: 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2072 6177 ntry \"Fedora raw\n-000143a0: 6869 6465 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 hide installer\" \n-000143b0: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-000143c0: 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f search --set=ro\n-000143d0: 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 ot --label GRUB \n-000143e0: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 --hint hd0,msdos\n-000143f0: 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5. \n-00014400: 206c 696e 7578 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f76 linux /fedora/v\n-00014410: 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6570 6f3d 6674 703a mlinuz repo=ftp:\n-00014420: 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 7769 7463 682e //mirror.switch.\n-00014430: 6368 2f6d 6972 726f 722f 6665 646f 7261 ch/mirror/fedora\n-00014440: 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 /linux/developme\n-00014450: 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 nt/rawhide/x86_6\n-00014460: 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 4 lang=en_US key\n-00014470: 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f map=sg resolutio\n-00014480: 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 n=1280x800. \n-00014490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 initrd\n-000144a0: 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e /fedora/initrd.\n-000144b0: 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 img. }.. \n-000144c0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4465 6269 menuentry \"Debi\n-000144d0: 616e 2073 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 an sid installer\n-000144e0: 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" {. \n-000144f0: 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d search --set=\n-00014500: 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 root --label GRU\n-00014510: 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 B --hint hd0,msd\n-00014520: 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 os5. \n-00014530: 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6465 6269 616e linux /debian\n-00014540: 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f /dists/sid/main/\n-00014550: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 722d 616d 6436 342f installer-amd64/\n-00014560: 6375 7272 656e 742f 696d 6167 6573 2f68 current/images/h\n-00014570: 642d 6d65 6469 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a d-media/vmlinuz.\n-00014580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n-00014590: 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 nitrd /debian/di\n-000145a0: 7374 732f 7369 642f 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 sts/sid/main/ins\n-000145b0: 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 taller-amd64/cur\n-000145c0: 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 732f 6864 2d6d rent/images/hd-m\n-000145d0: 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 0a20 edia/initrd.gz. \n-000145e0: 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6573 }... Notes\n-000145f0: 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7267 756d 656e :. ... Argumen\n-00014600: 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 6166 7465 t to search afte\n-00014610: 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 7320 4653 204c r -label is FS L\n-00014620: 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 6361 6e20 616c ABEL. You can al\n-00014630: 736f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 0a20 2020 so use UUIDs. \n-00014640: 2020 7769 7468 202d 6673 2d75 7569 6420 with -fs-uuid \n-00014650: 5555 4944 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 UUID instead of \n-00014660: 2d6c 6162 656c 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f -label LABEL. Yo\n-00014670: 7520 636f 756c 6420 616c 736f 2075 7365 u could also use\n-00014680: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 20e2 8098 . direct ...\n-00014690: 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 58e2 root=hd0,msdosX.\n-000146a0: 8099 2062 7574 2074 6869 7320 6973 206e .. but this is n\n-000146b0: 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 ot recommended d\n-000146c0: 7565 2074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 ue to device. \n-000146d0: 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 name instabili\n-000146e0: 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ty.....File: gru\n-000146f0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 b.info, Node: E\n-00014700: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n-00014710: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 ation, Prev: Mu\n-00014720: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n-00014730: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e config, Up: Con\n-00014740: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 figuration..6.5 \n-00014750: 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 Embedding a conf\n-00014760: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n-00014770: 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nto GRUB.=======\n+00011750: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 ====.....grub.cf\n+00011760: 67e2 8099 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 g... is written \n+00011770: 696e 2047 5255 4227 7320 6275 696c 742d in GRUB's built-\n+00011780: 696e 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e in scripting lan\n+00011790: 6775 6167 652c 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 guage, which has\n+000117a0: 2061 0a73 796e 7461 7820 7175 6974 6520 a.syntax quite \n+000117b0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2074 6861 7420 similar to that \n+000117c0: 6f66 2047 4e55 2042 6173 6820 616e 6420 of GNU Bash and \n+000117d0: 6f74 6865 7220 426f 7572 6e65 2073 6865 other Bourne she\n+000117e0: 6c6c 0a64 6572 6976 6174 6976 6573 2e0a ll.derivatives..\n+000117f0: 0a57 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 .Words.=====..A \n+00011800: e280 9c77 6f72 64e2 809d 2069 7320 6120 ...word... is a \n+00011810: 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 6368 6172 sequence of char\n+00011820: 6163 7465 7273 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 acters considere\n+00011830: 6420 6173 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 756e d as a single un\n+00011840: 6974 2062 790a 4752 5542 2e20 2057 6f72 it by.GRUB. Wor\n+00011850: 6473 2061 7265 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 ds are separated\n+00011860: 2062 7920 e280 9c6d 6574 6163 6861 7261 by ...metachara\n+00011870: 6374 6572 73e2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 cters..., which \n+00011880: 6172 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e are the followin\n+00011890: 670a 706c 7573 2073 7061 6365 2c20 7461 g.plus space, ta\n+000118a0: 622c 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 3a0a b, and newline:.\n+000118b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7b20 7d20 7c20 2620 2420 . { } | & $ \n+000118c0: 3b20 3c20 3e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6f74 696e ; < >.. Quotin\n+000118d0: 6720 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f g may be used to\n+000118e0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206d 6574 6163 6861 include metacha\n+000118f0: 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e 2077 6f72 6473 racters in words\n+00011900: 3b20 7365 6520 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 5265 ; see below...Re\n+00011910: 7365 7276 6564 2077 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d served words.===\n+00011920: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6573 ===========..Res\n+00011930: 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6861 7665 erved words have\n+00011940: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 a special meani\n+00011950: 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 ng to GRUB. The \n+00011960: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 following words \n+00011970: 6172 650a 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 2061 are.recognised a\n+00011980: 7320 7265 7365 7276 6564 2077 6865 6e20 s reserved when \n+00011990: 756e 7175 6f74 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6974 unquoted and eit\n+000119a0: 6865 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f her the first wo\n+000119b0: 7264 206f 6620 610a 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 rd of a.simple c\n+000119c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206f 7220 7468 6520 7468 ommand or the th\n+000119d0: 6972 6420 776f 7264 206f 6620 6120 e280 ird word of a ..\n+000119e0: 9866 6f72 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 643a .for... command:\n+000119f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2021 205b 5b20 5d5d 207b .. ! [[ ]] {\n+00011a00: 207d 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7365 2064 6f20 }. case do \n+00011a10: 646f 6e65 2065 6c69 6620 656c 7365 2065 done elif else e\n+00011a20: 7361 6320 6669 2066 6f72 2066 756e 6374 sac fi for funct\n+00011a30: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6620 696e 206d ion. if in m\n+00011a40: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2073 656c 6563 7420 enuentry select \n+00011a50: 7468 656e 2074 696d 6520 756e 7469 6c20 then time until \n+00011a60: 7768 696c 650a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7420 616c while.. Not al\n+00011a70: 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2072 6573 6572 l of these reser\n+00011a80: 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 ved words have a\n+00011a90: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7075 7270 6f73 6520 useful purpose \n+00011aa0: 7965 743b 2073 6f6d 6520 6172 650a 7265 yet; some are.re\n+00011ab0: 7365 7276 6564 2066 6f72 2066 7574 7572 served for futur\n+00011ac0: 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5175 e expansion...Qu\n+00011ad0: 6f74 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a51 oting.=======..Q\n+00011ae0: 756f 7469 6e67 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 uoting is used t\n+00011af0: 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 2073 7065 o remove the spe\n+00011b00: 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 cial meaning of \n+00011b10: 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6368 6172 6163 7465 certain characte\n+00011b20: 7273 206f 720a 776f 7264 732e 2020 4974 rs or.words. It\n+00011b30: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n+00011b40: 7472 6561 7420 6d65 7461 6368 6172 6163 treat metacharac\n+00011b50: 7465 7273 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 ters as part of \n+00011b60: 6120 776f 7264 2c20 746f 0a70 7265 7665 a word, to.preve\n+00011b70: 6e74 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 nt reserved word\n+00011b80: 7320 6672 6f6d 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6563 s from being rec\n+00011b90: 6f67 6e69 7365 6420 6173 2073 7563 682c ognised as such,\n+00011ba0: 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 7072 6576 656e 740a and to prevent.\n+00011bb0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 variable expansi\n+00011bc0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 on... There ar\n+00011bd0: 6520 7468 7265 6520 7175 6f74 696e 6720 e three quoting \n+00011be0: 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 3a20 7468 6520 mechanisms: the \n+00011bf0: 6573 6361 7065 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 escape character\n+00011c00: 2c20 7369 6e67 6c65 0a71 756f 7465 732c , single.quotes,\n+00011c10: 2061 6e64 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 and double quot\n+00011c20: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 6e6f 6e2d 7175 es... A non-qu\n+00011c30: 6f74 6564 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2028 oted backslash (\n+00011c40: 5c29 2069 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c65 7363 \\) is the ...esc\n+00011c50: 6170 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 72e2 809d ape character...\n+00011c60: 2e20 2049 7420 7072 6573 6572 7665 730a . It preserves.\n+00011c70: 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 the literal valu\n+00011c80: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 e of the next ch\n+00011c90: 6172 6163 7465 7220 7468 6174 2066 6f6c aracter that fol\n+00011ca0: 6c6f 7773 2c20 7769 7468 2074 6865 2065 lows, with the e\n+00011cb0: 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 6e65 776c xception.of newl\n+00011cc0: 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2045 6e63 6c6f 7369 ine... Enclosi\n+00011cd0: 6e67 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e ng characters in\n+00011ce0: 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2070 single quotes p\n+00011cf0: 7265 7365 7276 6573 2074 6865 206c 6974 reserves the lit\n+00011d00: 6572 616c 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 6561 eral value of.ea\n+00011d10: 6368 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2077 6974 ch character wit\n+00011d20: 6869 6e20 7468 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 hin the quotes. \n+00011d30: 2041 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 A single quote \n+00011d40: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6f63 6375 7220 6265 may not occur be\n+00011d50: 7477 6565 6e0a 7369 6e67 6c65 2071 756f tween.single quo\n+00011d60: 7465 732c 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2070 tes, even when p\n+00011d70: 7265 6365 6465 6420 6279 2061 2062 6163 receded by a bac\n+00011d80: 6b73 6c61 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 456e 636c kslash... Encl\n+00011d90: 6f73 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 osing characters\n+00011da0: 2069 6e20 646f 7562 6c65 2071 756f 7465 in double quote\n+00011db0: 7320 7072 6573 6572 7665 7320 7468 6520 s preserves the \n+00011dc0: 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 literal value of\n+00011dd0: 0a61 6c6c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 .all characters \n+00011de0: 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2071 756f 7465 within the quote\n+00011df0: 732c 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6578 6365 s, with the exce\n+00011e00: 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 24e2 8099 ption of ...$...\n+00011e10: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 5ce2 8099 2e0a 5468 and ...\\.....Th\n+00011e20: 6520 e280 9824 e280 9920 6368 6172 6163 e ...$... charac\n+00011e30: 7465 7220 7265 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 ter retains its \n+00011e40: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 616e 696e 6720 special meaning \n+00011e50: 7769 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 within double qu\n+00011e60: 6f74 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a62 6163 6b73 otes. The.backs\n+00011e70: 6c61 7368 2072 6574 6169 6e73 2069 7473 lash retains its\n+00011e80: 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 special meaning\n+00011e90: 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f only when follo\n+00011ea0: 7765 6420 6279 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 wed by one of th\n+00011eb0: 650a 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6172 e.following char\n+00011ec0: 6163 7465 7273 3a20 e280 9824 e280 992c acters: ...$...,\n+00011ed0: 20e2 8098 22e2 8099 2c20 e280 985c e280 ...\"..., ...\\..\n+00011ee0: 992c 206f 7220 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 ., or newline. \n+00011ef0: 4120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c A backslash-newl\n+00011f00: 696e 650a 7061 6972 2069 7320 7472 6561 ine.pair is trea\n+00011f10: 7465 6420 6173 2061 206c 696e 6520 636f ted as a line co\n+00011f20: 6e74 696e 7561 7469 6f6e 2028 7468 6174 ntinuation (that\n+00011f30: 2069 732c 2069 7420 6973 2072 656d 6f76 is, it is remov\n+00011f40: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 696e 7075 ed from the.inpu\n+00011f50: 7420 7374 7265 616d 2061 6e64 2065 6666 t stream and eff\n+00011f60: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2069 676e 6f72 6564 ectively ignored\n+00011f70: 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c (1) (*note Shell\n+00011f80: 2d6c 696b 650a 7363 7269 7074 696e 672d -like.scripting-\n+00011f90: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2929 2e20 Footnote-1::)). \n+00011fa0: 2041 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 A double quote \n+00011fb0: 6d61 7920 6265 2071 756f 7465 6420 7769 may be quoted wi\n+00011fc0: 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c 650a 7175 6f74 thin double.quot\n+00011fd0: 6573 2062 7920 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 es by preceding \n+00011fe0: 6974 2077 6974 6820 6120 6261 636b 736c it with a backsl\n+00011ff0: 6173 682e 0a0a 5661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 ash...Variable e\n+00012000: 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d xpansion.=======\n+00012010: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00012020: 20e2 8098 24e2 8099 2063 6861 7261 6374 ...$... charact\n+00012030: 6572 2069 6e74 726f 6475 6365 7320 7661 er introduces va\n+00012040: 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e riable expansion\n+00012050: 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 . The variable \n+00012060: 6e61 6d65 2074 6f0a 6265 2065 7870 616e name to.be expan\n+00012070: 6465 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f ded may be enclo\n+00012080: 7365 6420 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2077 sed in braces, w\n+00012090: 6869 6368 2061 7265 206f 7074 696f 6e61 hich are optiona\n+000120a0: 6c20 6275 7420 7365 7276 6520 746f 0a70 l but serve to.p\n+000120b0: 726f 7465 6374 2074 6865 2076 6172 6961 rotect the varia\n+000120c0: 626c 6520 746f 2062 6520 6578 7061 6e64 ble to be expand\n+000120d0: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6368 6172 6163 7465 ed from characte\n+000120e0: 7273 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 0a66 rs immediately.f\n+000120f0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7420 7768 6963 ollowing it whic\n+00012100: 6820 636f 756c 6420 6265 2069 6e74 6572 h could be inter\n+00012110: 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f preted as part o\n+00012120: 6620 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 f the name... \n+00012130: 4e6f 726d 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 Normal variable \n+00012140: 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 6e20 7769 7468 names begin with\n+00012150: 2061 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 6963 2063 an alphabetic c\n+00012160: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 haracter, follow\n+00012170: 6564 2062 790a 7a65 726f 206f 7220 6d6f ed by.zero or mo\n+00012180: 7265 2061 6c70 6861 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 re alphanumeric \n+00012190: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2e20 2054 6865 characters. The\n+000121a0: 7365 206e 616d 6573 2072 6566 6572 2074 se names refer t\n+000121b0: 6f20 656e 7472 6965 7320 696e 0a74 6865 o entries in.the\n+000121c0: 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e GRUB environmen\n+000121d0: 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e t (*note Environ\n+000121e0: 6d65 6e74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2050 6f73 ment::)... Pos\n+000121f0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 itional variable\n+00012200: 206e 616d 6573 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 206f names consist o\n+00012210: 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6469 f one or more di\n+00012220: 6769 7473 2e20 2054 6865 790a 7265 7072 gits. They.repr\n+00012230: 6573 656e 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 esent parameters\n+00012240: 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2066 756e 6374 passed to funct\n+00012250: 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c 732c 2077 6974 6820 ion calls, with \n+00012260: e280 9824 31e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 ...$1... represe\n+00012270: 6e74 696e 670a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 nting.the first \n+00012280: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 parameter, and s\n+00012290: 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7370 o on... The sp\n+000122a0: 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e ecial variable n\n+000122b0: 616d 6520 e280 983f e280 9920 6578 7061 ame ...?... expa\n+000122c0: 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 nds to the exit \n+000122d0: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f status of the mo\n+000122e0: 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 6578 6563 st.recently exec\n+000122f0: 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2057 uted command. W\n+00012300: 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2076 hen positional v\n+00012310: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 ariable names ar\n+00012320: 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 6865 7220 e active,.other \n+00012330: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 special variable\n+00012340: 206e 616d 6573 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 2c20 names ...@..., \n+00012350: e280 982a e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9823 ...*... and ...#\n+00012360: e280 9920 6172 6520 6465 6669 6e65 6420 ... are defined \n+00012370: 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 7870 616e 6420 and they.expand \n+00012380: 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 to all positiona\n+00012390: 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 l parameters wit\n+000123a0: 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7175 6f74 h necessary quot\n+000123b0: 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a ing, positional.\n+000123c0: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 686f parameters witho\n+000123d0: 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f 7469 6e67 2c20 ut any quoting, \n+000123e0: 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 and positional p\n+000123f0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 6f75 6e74 0a72 arameter count.r\n+00012400: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 436f espectively...Co\n+00012410: 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a mments.========.\n+00012420: 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e .A word beginnin\n+00012430: 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2063 g with ...#... c\n+00012440: 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 6f72 6420 auses that word \n+00012450: 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 696e 696e and all remainin\n+00012460: 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a6f 6e20 g characters.on \n+00012470: 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f 2062 6520 that line to be \n+00012480: 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 6d70 6c65 ignored...Simple\n+00012490: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.======\n+000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c =========..A ...\n+000124b0: 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 simple command..\n+000124c0: 9d20 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 . is a sequence \n+000124d0: 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 6172 6174 of words separat\n+000124e0: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 ed by spaces or \n+000124f0: 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 tabs.and termina\n+00012500: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d 6963 6f6c ted by a semicol\n+00012510: 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c 696e 652e on or a newline.\n+00012520: 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 The first word\n+00012530: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 6865 2063 specifies.the c\n+00012540: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7865 ommand to be exe\n+00012550: 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 cuted. The rema\n+00012560: 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 6520 ining words are \n+00012570: 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 passed as argume\n+00012580: 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b nts.to the invok\n+00012590: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 ed command... \n+000125a0: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n+000125b0: 206f 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d of a simple com\n+000125c0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 6974 mand is its exit\n+000125d0: 2073 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 status. If the\n+000125e0: 0a72 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 20e2 .reserved word .\n+000125f0: 8098 21e2 8099 2070 7265 6365 6465 7320 ..!... precedes \n+00012600: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 6865 the command, the\n+00012610: 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c n the return val\n+00012620: 7565 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 640a 7468 ue is instead.th\n+00012630: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 e logical negati\n+00012640: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e on of the comman\n+00012650: 6427 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e d's exit status.\n+00012660: 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..Compound comma\n+00012670: 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nds.============\n+00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 636f 6d70 =====..A ...comp\n+00012690: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 ound command... \n+000126a0: 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f is one of the fo\n+000126b0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 llowing:..for NA\n+000126c0: 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 ME in WORD ...; \n+000126d0: 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 do LIST; done. \n+000126e0: 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2077 The list of w\n+000126f0: 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 20e2 ords following .\n+00012700: 8098 696e e280 9920 6973 2065 7870 616e ..in... is expan\n+00012710: 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 ded, generating \n+00012720: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2069 a list of. i\n+00012730: 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 tems. The varia\n+00012740: 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7365 7420 ble NAME is set \n+00012750: 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 to each element \n+00012760: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a of this list in.\n+00012770: 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c turn, and L\n+00012780: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 IST is executed \n+00012790: 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 each time. The \n+000127a0: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 return value is \n+000127b0: 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 the exit. st\n+000127c0: 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 atus of the last\n+000127d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6578 command that ex\n+000127e0: 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 ecutes. If the \n+000127f0: 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 expansion of the\n+00012800: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 666f 6c6c . items foll\n+00012810: 6f77 696e 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 owing ...in... r\n+00012820: 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 esults in an emp\n+00012830: 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d ty list, no comm\n+00012840: 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 ands are. ex\n+00012850: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 ecuted, and the \n+00012860: 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 return status is\n+00012870: 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 0...if LIST; th\n+00012880: 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c en LIST; [elif L\n+00012890: 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d IST; then LIST;]\n+000128a0: 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b ... [else LIST;\n+000128b0: 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 ] fi. The ..\n+000128c0: 9869 66e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 .if... LIST is e\n+000128d0: 7865 6375 7465 642c 2077 6865 7265 204c xecuted, where L\n+000128e0: 4953 5420 6973 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 IST is a series \n+000128f0: 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 of ...simple. \n+00012900: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 command...s se\n+00012910: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 parated by a \";\"\n+00012920: 2e20 2049 6620 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 . If its exit s\n+00012930: 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 tatus of the las\n+00012940: 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 t. command i\n+00012950: 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9874 s zero, the ...t\n+00012960: 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 hen... LIST is e\n+00012970: 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 xecuted. Otherw\n+00012980: 6973 652c 2065 6163 680a 2020 2020 20e2 ise, each. .\n+00012990: 8098 656c 6966 e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 ..elif... LIST i\n+000129a0: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 s executed in tu\n+000129b0: 726e 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2069 7473 206c rn, and if its l\n+000129c0: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 ast command's ex\n+000129d0: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 2069 it. status i\n+000129e0: 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 636f 7272 s zero, the corr\n+000129f0: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e280 9874 6865 esponding ...the\n+00012a00: 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 n... LIST is exe\n+00012a10: 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 cuted and the. \n+00012a20: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c command compl\n+00012a30: 6574 6573 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 etes. Otherwise\n+00012a40: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 , the ...else...\n+00012a50: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n+00012a60: 642c 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7365 d, if. prese\n+00012a70: 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 nt. The exit st\n+00012a80: 6174 7573 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 atus is the exit\n+00012a90: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c status of the l\n+00012aa0: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 ast command. \n+00012ab0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 206f 7220 7a65 executed, or ze\n+00012ac0: 726f 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 ro if no conditi\n+00012ad0: 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 6420 7472 7565 2e0a on tested true..\n+00012ae0: 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 .while COND; do \n+00012af0: 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c LIST; done.until\n+00012b00: 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 COND; do LIST; \n+00012b10: 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 done. The ..\n+00012b20: 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e .while... comman\n+00012b30: 6420 636f 6e74 696e 756f 7573 6c79 2065 d continuously e\n+00012b40: 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 e280 9864 xecutes the ...d\n+00012b50: 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6173 206c 6f6e o... LIST as lon\n+00012b60: 6720 6173 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c61 g as. the la\n+00012b70: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 434f st command in CO\n+00012b80: 4e44 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 ND returns an ex\n+00012b90: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 207a 6572 it status of zer\n+00012ba0: 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 o, where COND. \n+00012bb0: 2020 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 is a list of \n+00012bc0: e280 9c73 696d 706c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ...simple comman\n+00012bd0: 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 d...s separated \n+00012be0: 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 by a \";\". The .\n+00012bf0: 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ..until.... \n+00012c00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 6465 6e74 command is ident\n+00012c10: 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9877 ical to the ...w\n+00012c20: 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c hile... command,\n+00012c30: 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 2074 6865 except that the\n+00012c40: 2074 6573 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e65 test. is ne\n+00012c50: 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 20e2 8098 646f gated; the ...do\n+00012c60: e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 ... LIST is exec\n+00012c70: 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 uted as long as \n+00012c80: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the last command\n+00012c90: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 . in COND re\n+00012ca0: 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f turns a non-zero\n+00012cb0: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 exit status. T\n+00012cc0: 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f he exit status o\n+00012cd0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7768 f the. ...wh\n+00012ce0: 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 756e ile... and ...un\n+00012cf0: 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 til... commands \n+00012d00: 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 is the exit stat\n+00012d10: 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 us of the last .\n+00012d20: 8098 646f e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 4953 ..do.... LIS\n+00012d30: 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 T command execut\n+00012d40: 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e ed, or zero if n\n+00012d50: 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 one was executed\n+00012d60: 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 ...function NAME\n+00012d70: 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 { COMMAND; ... \n+00012d80: 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 }. This defi\n+00012d90: 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e nes a function n\n+00012da0: 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 5468 6520 amed NAME. The \n+00012db0: e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d 206f 6620 7468 ...body... of th\n+00012dc0: 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 e function is. \n+00012dd0: 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 the list of c\n+00012de0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 ommands within b\n+00012df0: 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 races, each of w\n+00012e00: 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 hich must be. \n+00012e10: 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 terminated wit\n+00012e20: 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 h a semicolon or\n+00012e30: 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 a newline. Thi\n+00012e40: 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e s list of comman\n+00012e50: 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ds. will be \n+00012e60: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 executed wheneve\n+00012e70: 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 r NAME is specif\n+00012e80: 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 ied as the name \n+00012e90: 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 of a simple. \n+00012ea0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 command. Funct\n+00012eb0: 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 ion definitions \n+00012ec0: 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 do not affect th\n+00012ed0: 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e e exit status in\n+00012ee0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 . ...$?.... \n+00012ef0: 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 When executed, \n+00012f00: 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 the exit status \n+00012f10: 6f66 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 of a function is\n+00012f20: 2074 6865 2065 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 the exit. s\n+00012f30: 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 tatus of the las\n+00012f40: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 t command execut\n+00012f50: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a ed in the body..\n+00012f60: 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 .menuentry TITLE\n+00012f70: 205b e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 [...--class=cla\n+00012f80: 7373 e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 982d ss... ...] [...-\n+00012f90: 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 e280 995d -users=users...]\n+00012fa0: 205b e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 [...--unrestric\n+00012fb0: 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f ted...] [...--ho\n+00012fc0: 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 995d 205b e280 tkey=key...] [..\n+00012fd0: 982d 2d69 643d 6964 e280 995d 207b 2043 .--id=id...] { C\n+00012fe0: 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 OMMAND; ... }. \n+00012ff0: 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 *Note menuent\n+00013000: 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 ry::...Built-in \n+00013010: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Commands.=======\n+00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 ==========..Some\n+00013030: 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e built-in comman\n+00013040: 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 ds are also prov\n+00013050: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2073 6372 ided by GRUB scr\n+00013060: 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 7363 7269 ipt to help scri\n+00013070: 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 6572 666f pt.writers perfo\n+00013080: 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 rm actions that \n+00013090: 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6e6f are otherwise no\n+000130a0: 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 t possible. For\n+000130b0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 example,.these \n+000130c0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 include commands\n+000130d0: 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 206f 6620 to jump out of \n+000130e0: 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f 7574 2066 a loop without f\n+000130f0: 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696e 670a ully completing.\n+00013100: 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 it, etc...break \n+00013110: 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 [...n...]. E\n+00013120: 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 xit from within \n+00013130: 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 a ...for..., ...\n+00013140: 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 while..., or ...\n+00013150: 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 until... loop. \n+00013160: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 If ...n... is. \n+00013170: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6272 specified, br\n+00013180: 6561 6b20 e280 986e e280 9920 6c65 7665 eak ...n... leve\n+00013190: 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 ls. ...n... mus\n+000131a0: 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 t be greater tha\n+000131b0: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 n or equal to. \n+000131c0: 2020 2031 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 1. If ...n..\n+000131d0: 9920 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 . is greater tha\n+000131e0: 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 n the number of \n+000131f0: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c enclosing loops,\n+00013200: 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636c 6f73 all. enclos\n+00013210: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 6520 6578 ing loops are ex\n+00013220: 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6574 7572 ited. The retur\n+00013230: 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 2075 6e6c n value is 0 unl\n+00013240: 6573 7320 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 0a20 ess ...n... is. \n+00013250: 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 7465 7220 not greater \n+00013260: 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f than or equal to\n+00013270: 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 1...continue [.\n+00013280: 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 ..n...]. Res\n+00013290: 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 ume the next ite\n+000132a0: 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e ration of the en\n+000132b0: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 e280 9866 6f72 e280 closing ...for..\n+000132c0: 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 206f ., ...while... o\n+000132d0: 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 r. ...until.\n+000132e0: 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 .. loop. If ...\n+000132f0: 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 n... is specifie\n+00013300: 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 d, resume at the\n+00013310: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f ...n...th enclo\n+00013320: 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 sing. loop. \n+00013330: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 ...n... must be\n+00013340: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 greater than or\n+00013350: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 2020 4966 equal to 1. If\n+00013360: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 ...n... is grea\n+00013370: 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 7468 ter. than th\n+00013380: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c e number of encl\n+00013390: 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 6865 osing loops, the\n+000133a0: 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 last enclosing \n+000133b0: 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 loop (the. .\n+000133c0: 809c 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d 206c ..top-level... l\n+000133d0: 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e oop) is resumed.\n+000133e0: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c The return val\n+000133f0: 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 ue is 0 unless .\n+00013400: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e ..n... is. n\n+00013410: 6f74 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 ot greater than \n+00013420: 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a or equal to 1...\n+00013430: 7265 7475 726e 205b e280 986e e280 995d return [...n...]\n+00013440: 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 2061 2066 . Causes a f\n+00013450: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 7869 7420 unction to exit \n+00013460: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 with the return \n+00013470: 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 value specified \n+00013480: 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 by ...n..... \n+00013490: 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 206f If ...n... is o\n+000134a0: 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 mitted, the retu\n+000134b0: 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 rn status is tha\n+000134c0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f t of the last co\n+000134d0: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 mmand. execu\n+000134e0: 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 ted in the funct\n+000134f0: 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 ion body. If us\n+00013500: 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e ed outside a fun\n+00013510: 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 ction the. r\n+00013520: 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 eturn status is \n+00013530: 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d false...setparam\n+00013540: 7320 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e s [...arg...] ..\n+00013550: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 .. Replace p\n+00013560: 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 ositional parame\n+00013570: 7465 7273 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 ters starting wi\n+00013580: 7468 20e2 8098 2431 e280 9920 7769 7468 th ...$1... with\n+00013590: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 arguments to. \n+000135a0: 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6172 616d 73e2 ...setparams.\n+000135b0: 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b e280 986e .....shift [...n\n+000135c0: e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f ...]. The po\n+000135d0: 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 sitional paramet\n+000135e0: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 ers from ...n...\n+000135f0: 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d +1 ... are renam\n+00013600: 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e ed to ...$1.....\n+00013610: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 6d65 7465 ... Paramete\n+00013620: 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2062 rs represented b\n+00013630: 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e280 y the numbers ..\n+00013640: 9824 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 .$#... down to .\n+00013650: 8098 2423 e280 992d e280 986e e280 992b ..$#...-...n...+\n+00013660: 3120 6172 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 1 are. unset\n+00013670: 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 . ...n... must \n+00013680: 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 be a non-negativ\n+00013690: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 7320 7468 e number less th\n+000136a0: 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 an or equal to. \n+000136b0: 2020 2020 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 ...$#.... I\n+000136c0: 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2030 2c20 f ...n... is 0, \n+000136d0: 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 no parameters ar\n+000136e0: 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 20e2 e changed. If .\n+000136f0: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 ..n... is not. \n+00013700: 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 given, it is \n+00013710: 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e assumed to be 1.\n+00013720: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 If ...n... is \n+00013730: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 greater than ...\n+00013740: 2423 e280 992c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 $#..., the. \n+00013750: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d positional param\n+00013760: 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 eters are not ch\n+00013770: 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 anged. The retu\n+00013780: 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 rn status is. \n+00013790: 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a greater than z\n+000137a0: 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 ero if ...n... i\n+000137b0: 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 s greater than .\n+000137c0: 8098 2423 e280 9920 6f72 206c 6573 7320 ..$#... or less \n+000137d0: 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 than zero;. \n+000137e0: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a otherwise 0.....\n+000137f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00013800: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 Node: Shell-li\n+00013810: 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f ke scripting-Foo\n+00013820: 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 tnotes, Up: She\n+00013830: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n+00013840: 670a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e g.. (1) Curren\n+00013850: 746c 7920 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d tly a backslash-\n+00013860: 6e65 776c 696e 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 newline pair wit\n+00013870: 6869 6e20 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e hin a variable n\n+00013880: 616d 6520 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c ame is not.handl\n+00013890: 6564 2070 726f 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 ed properly, so \n+000138a0: 7573 6520 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 use this feature\n+000138b0: 2077 6974 6820 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e with some care.\n+000138c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000138d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 nfo, Node: Mult\n+000138e0: 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f i-boot manual co\n+000138f0: 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 nfig, Next: Emb\n+00013900: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n+00013910: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c ion, Prev: Shel\n+00013920: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n+00013930: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 , Up: Configura\n+00013940: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d tion..6.4 Multi-\n+00013950: 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 boot manual conf\n+00013960: 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ig.=============\n+00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00013980: 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 .Currently autog\n+00013990: 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 enerating config\n+000139a0: 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 files for multi\n+000139b0: 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e -boot environmen\n+000139c0: 7473 0a64 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 ts.depends on os\n+000139d0: 2d70 726f 6265 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 -prober and has \n+000139e0: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d several shortcom\n+000139f0: 696e 6773 2e20 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 ings. Due to th\n+00013a00: 6174 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 at it is.disable\n+00013a10: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 d by default. I\n+00013a20: 7420 6973 2061 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 t is advised to \n+00013a30: 7573 6520 7468 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 use the power of\n+00013a40: 2047 5255 4220 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 GRUB syntax and\n+00013a50: 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e .do it yourself.\n+00013a60: 2020 4120 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e A possible con\n+00013a70: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 figuration is de\n+00013a80: 7461 696c 6564 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 tailed here, fee\n+00013a90: 6c20 6672 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 l free to.adjust\n+00013aa0: 2074 6f20 796f 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a to your needs..\n+00013ab0: 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 . First create\n+00013ac0: 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 a separate GRUB\n+00013ad0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 partition, big \n+00013ae0: 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 enough to hold G\n+00013af0: 5255 422e 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 RUB. Some.of the\n+00013b00: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 following entri\n+00013b10: 6573 2073 686f 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c es show how to l\n+00013b20: 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 oad OS installer\n+00013b30: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 images from thi\n+00013b40: 730a 7361 6d65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e s.same partition\n+00013b50: 2c20 666f 7220 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f , for that you o\n+00013b60: 6276 696f 7573 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f bviously need to\n+00013b70: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 make the partit\n+00013b80: 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 ion large.enough\n+00013b90: 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 to hold those i\n+00013ba0: 6d61 6765 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 mages as well. \n+00013bb0: 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 Mount this parti\n+00013bc0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 tion on/mnt/boot\n+00013bd0: 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 .and disable GRU\n+00013be0: 4220 696e 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e B in all OSes an\n+00013bf0: 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 d manually insta\n+00013c00: 6c6c 2073 656c 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 ll self-compiled\n+00013c10: 206c 6174 6573 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 latest.GRUB wit\n+00013c20: 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 h:.. ...grub-i\n+00013c30: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 nstall --boot-di\n+00013c40: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f rectory=/mnt/boo\n+00013c50: 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 990a 0a20 t /dev/sda..... \n+00013c60: 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 204f 5365 In all the OSe\n+00013c70: 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2074 s install GRUB t\n+00013c80: 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 6162 6c65 ools but disable\n+00013c90: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 installing GRUB\n+00013ca0: 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 in.bootsector, \n+00013cb0: 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 7665 206d so you'll have m\n+00013cc0: 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 6772 7562 enu.lst and grub\n+00013cd0: 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 .cfg available f\n+00013ce0: 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 6973 or use..Also dis\n+00013cf0: 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 2075 able os-prober u\n+00013d00: 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 673a 0a0a se by setting:..\n+00013d10: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 ...GRUB_DISAB\n+00013d20: 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 LE_OS_PROBER=tru\n+00013d30: 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 e..... in /etc\n+00013d40: 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 /default/grub.. \n+00013d50: 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 2061 2067 Then write a g\n+00013d60: 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e 742f 626f rub.cfg (/mnt/bo\n+00013d70: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n+00013d80: 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e ):... menuen\n+00013d90: 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 try \"OS using gr\n+00013da0: 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 ub2\" {. i\n+00013db0: 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 2020 2020 nsmod xfs. \n+00013dc0: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n+00013dd0: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 oot --label OS1 \n+00013de0: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 --hint hd0,msdos\n+00013df0: 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 8. config\n+00013e00: 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f file /boot/grub/\n+00013e10: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a grub.cfg. }.\n+00013e20: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 . menuentry \n+00013e30: 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 322d \"OS using grub2-\n+00013e40: 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 legacy\" {. \n+00013e50: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 320a 2020 insmod ext2. \n+00013e60: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n+00013e70: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n+00013e80: 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d OS2 --hint hd0,m\n+00013e90: 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 sdos6. le\n+00013ea0: 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 gacy_configfile \n+00013eb0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d 656e 752e /boot/grub/menu.\n+00013ec0: 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 lst. }.. \n+00013ed0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 menuentry \"Wind\n+00013ee0: 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 ows XP\" {. \n+00013ef0: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 730a 2020 insmod ntfs. \n+00013f00: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n+00013f10: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n+00013f20: 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d 2d68 696e WINDOWS_XP --hin\n+00013f30: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos1. \n+00013f40: 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 ntldr /ntld\n+00013f50: 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d r. }.. m\n+00013f60: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 enuentry \"Window\n+00013f70: 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 s 7\" {. i\n+00013f80: 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 2020 nsmod ntfs. \n+00013f90: 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d search --set=\n+00013fa0: 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 494e root --label WIN\n+00013fb0: 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 DOWS_7 --hint hd\n+00013fc0: 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos2. \n+00013fd0: 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 720a ntldr /bootmgr.\n+00013fe0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n+00013ff0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 4253 4422 uentry \"FreeBSD\"\n+00014000: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+00014010: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 2020 insmod zfs. \n+00014020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n+00014030: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+00014040: 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 202d label freepool -\n+00014050: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7337 -hint hd0,msdos7\n+00014060: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00014070: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 6565 6273 kfreebsd /freebs\n+00014080: 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b d@/boot/kernel/k\n+00014090: 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ernel. \n+000140a0: 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f kfreebsd_mo\n+000140b0: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 dule_elf /freebs\n+000140c0: 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6f d@/boot/kernel/o\n+000140d0: 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a 2020 pensolaris.ko. \n+000140e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 kfr\n+000140f0: 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 eebsd_module_elf\n+00014100: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n+00014110: 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a 2020 kernel/zfs.ko. \n+00014120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 kfr\n+00014130: 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6672 eebsd_module /fr\n+00014140: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 732f eebsd@/boot/zfs/\n+00014150: 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 7479 7065 zpool.cache type\n+00014160: 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f 6f6c =/boot/zfs/zpool\n+00014170: 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .cache. \n+00014180: 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 set kFreeB\n+00014190: 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f 756e SD.vfs.root.moun\n+000141a0: 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 6565 706f tfrom=zfs:freepo\n+000141b0: 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 2020 2020 ol/freebsd. \n+000141c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 set kF\n+000141d0: 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e 7379 reeBSD.hw.psm.sy\n+000141e0: 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 6f72 743d naptics_support=\n+000141f0: 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 1. }.. m\n+00014200: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 7065 7269 enuentry \"experi\n+00014210: 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 207b 0a20 mental GRUB\" {. \n+00014220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+00014230: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n+00014240: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 --label GRUB --h\n+00014250: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 int hd0,msdos5. \n+00014260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 mu\n+00014270: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 6572 696d ltiboot /experim\n+00014280: 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d ental/grub/i386-\n+00014290: 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 2020 2020 pc/core.img. \n+000142a0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+000142b0: 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 3620 696e ry \"Fedora 16 in\n+000142c0: 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 staller\" {. \n+000142d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 search\n+000142e0: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n+000142f0: 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 bel GRUB --hint \n+00014300: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos5. \n+00014310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 7820 linux \n+00014320: 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 /fedora/vmlinuz \n+00014330: 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 lang=en_US keyma\n+00014340: 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d p=sg resolution=\n+00014350: 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 1280x800. \n+00014360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f initrd /\n+00014370: 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d fedora/initrd.im\n+00014380: 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d g. }.. m\n+00014390: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 enuentry \"Fedora\n+000143a0: 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c rawhide install\n+000143b0: 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er\" {. \n+000143c0: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 search --se\n+000143d0: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 t=root --label G\n+000143e0: 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d RUB --hint hd0,m\n+000143f0: 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sdos5. \n+00014400: 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6665 646f linux /fedo\n+00014410: 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6570 6f3d ra/vmlinuz repo=\n+00014420: 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 7769 ftp://mirror.swi\n+00014430: 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f 722f 6665 tch.ch/mirror/fe\n+00014440: 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 6576 656c dora/linux/devel\n+00014450: 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 6465 2f78 opment/rawhide/x\n+00014460: 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 86_64 lang=en_US\n+00014470: 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c keymap=sg resol\n+00014480: 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 ution=1280x800. \n+00014490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n+000144a0: 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 itrd /fedora/ini\n+000144b0: 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a trd.img. }..\n+000144c0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+000144d0: 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 6e73 7461 Debian sid insta\n+000144e0: 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ller\" {. \n+000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d search --\n+00014500: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c set=root --label\n+00014510: 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 GRUB --hint hd0\n+00014520: 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos5. \n+00014530: 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6465 linux /de\n+00014540: 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 6964 2f6d bian/dists/sid/m\n+00014550: 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 722d 616d ain/installer-am\n+00014560: 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f 696d 6167 d64/current/imag\n+00014570: 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f 766d 6c69 es/hd-media/vmli\n+00014580: 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nuz. \n+00014590: 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 6562 6961 initrd /debia\n+000145a0: 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f 6d61 696e n/dists/sid/main\n+000145b0: 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 3634 /installer-amd64\n+000145c0: 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 732f /current/images/\n+000145d0: 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 642e hd-media/initrd.\n+000145e0: 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a 2020 204e gz. }... N\n+000145f0: 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7267 otes:. ... Arg\n+00014600: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 ument to search \n+00014610: 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 7320 after -label is \n+00014620: 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 6361 FS LABEL. You ca\n+00014630: 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 n also use UUIDs\n+00014640: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d 6673 2d75 . with -fs-u\n+00014650: 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 7465 6164 uid UUID instead\n+00014660: 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c 4142 454c of -label LABEL\n+00014670: 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 616c 736f . You could also\n+00014680: 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 use. direct\n+00014690: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 ...root=hd0,msd\n+000146a0: 6f73 58e2 8099 2062 7574 2074 6869 7320 osX... but this \n+000146b0: 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 is not recommend\n+000146c0: 6564 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 ed due to device\n+000146d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 . name insta\n+000146e0: 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a bility.....File:\n+000146f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00014700: 653a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 e: Embedded conf\n+00014710: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 iguration, Prev\n+00014720: 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e : Multi-boot man\n+00014730: 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a ual config, Up:\n+00014740: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a Configuration..\n+00014750: 362e 3520 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 6.5 Embedding a \n+00014760: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00014770: 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d le into GRUB.===\n 00014780: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00014790: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 =====..GRUB supp\n-000147b0: 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 orts embedding a\n-000147c0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-000147d0: 696c 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 ile directly int\n-000147e0: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 o the core.image\n-000147f0: 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 , so that it is \n-00014800: 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 656e loaded before en\n-00014810: 7465 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f tering normal mo\n-00014820: 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a75 7365 de. This is.use\n-00014830: 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ful, for example\n-00014840: 2c20 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 , when it is not\n-00014850: 2073 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 7761 7264 straightforward\n-00014860: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6561 to find the rea\n-00014870: 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 l.configuration \n-00014880: 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 796f file, or when yo\n-00014890: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6275 6720 u need to debug \n-000148a0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6c6f problems with lo\n-000148b0: 6164 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 696c 652e ading that.file.\n-000148c0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c ...grub-instal\n-000148d0: 6ce2 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 l... uses this f\n-000148e0: 6561 7475 7265 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2069 eature when it i\n-000148f0: 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 s not using BIOS\n-00014900: 2064 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 disk.functions \n-00014910: 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 or when installi\n-00014920: 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e ng to a differen\n-00014930: 7420 6469 736b 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 t disk from the \n-00014940: 6f6e 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0ae2 one containing..\n-00014950: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c ../boot/grub...,\n-00014960: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 in which case i\n-00014970: 7420 6e65 6564 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 t needs to use t\n-00014980: 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 he ...search... \n-00014990: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 command (*note.s\n-000149a0: 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 earch::) to find\n-000149b0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .../boot/grub..\n-000149c0: 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d 6265 6420 .... To embed \n-000149d0: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n-000149e0: 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 file, use the ..\n-000149f0: 982d 63e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f .-c... option to\n-00014a00: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 ...grub-mkimage\n-00014a10: e280 992e 0a54 6865 2066 696c 6520 6973 .....The file is\n-00014a20: 2063 6f70 6965 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 copied into the\n-00014a30: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652c 2073 6f20 core image, so \n-00014a40: 6974 206d 6179 2072 6573 6964 6520 616e it may reside an\n-00014a50: 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 650a 6669 ywhere on the.fi\n-00014a60: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d le system, and m\n-00014a70: 6179 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 ay be removed af\n-00014a80: 7465 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 9867 ter running ...g\n-00014a90: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a rub-mkimage.....\n-00014aa0: 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 6520 656d . After the em\n-00014ab0: 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 bedded configura\n-00014ac0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 2869 6620 616e tion file (if an\n-00014ad0: 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 y) is executed, \n-00014ae0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f 6164 2074 GRUB will.load t\n-00014af0: 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 he ...normal... \n-00014b00: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f module (*note no\n-00014b10: 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 6368 2077 rmal::), which w\n-00014b20: 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 6420 7468 ill then read th\n-00014b30: 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 e real.configura\n-00014b40: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 6f6d 20e2 tion file from .\n-00014b50: 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 ..$prefix/grub.c\n-00014b60: 6667 e280 992e 2020 4279 2074 6869 7320 fg.... By this \n-00014b70: 706f 696e 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f point, the ...ro\n-00014b80: 6f74 e280 990a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 ot....variable w\n-00014b90: 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2068 6176 6520 6265 ill also have be\n-00014ba0: 656e 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 726f en set to the ro\n-00014bb0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 ot device name. \n-00014bc0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a e280 For example,...\n-00014bd0: 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 .prefix... might\n-00014be0: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2868 be set to ...(h\n-00014bf0: 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 d0,1)/boot/grub.\n-00014c00: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 .., and ...root.\n-00014c10: 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 .. might be set \n-00014c20: 746f 0ae2 8098 6864 302c 31e2 8099 2e20 to....hd0,1.... \n-00014c30: 2054 6875 732c 2069 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 Thus, in most c\n-00014c40: 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 ases, the embedd\n-00014c50: 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ed configuration\n-00014c60: 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 file only.needs\n-00014c70: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 e280 9870 to set the ...p\n-00014c80: 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 refix... and ...\n-00014c90: 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 root... variable\n-00014ca0: 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 s, and then drop\n-00014cb0: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 through to.GRUB\n-00014cc0: 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 's normal proces\n-00014cd0: 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 6963 616c sing. A typical\n-00014ce0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6973 example of this\n-00014cf0: 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 might look like\n-00014d00: 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 .this:.. sea\n-00014d10: 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 3031 3233 rch.fs_uuid 0123\n-00014d20: 3435 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 6566 2d30 4567-89ab-cdef-0\n-00014d30: 3132 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 123-456789abcdef\n-00014d40: 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 root. set p\n-00014d50: 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f refix=($root)/bo\n-00014d60: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 2854 6865 ot/grub.. (The\n-00014d70: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 5f66 735f 7575 ...search_fs_uu\n-00014d80: 6964 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 id... module mus\n-00014d90: 7420 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e t be included in\n-00014da0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n-00014db0: 666f 720a 7468 6973 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 for.this example\n-00014dc0: 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 to work.).. I\n-00014dd0: 6e20 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 n more complex c\n-00014de0: 6173 6573 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 ases, it may be \n-00014df0: 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 7265 6164 206f useful to read o\n-00014e00: 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ther configurati\n-00014e10: 6f6e 0a66 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c on.files directl\n-00014e20: 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 y from the embed\n-00014e30: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n-00014e40: 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c n file. This al\n-00014e50: 6c6f 7773 2073 7563 680a 7468 696e 6773 lows such.things\n-00014e60: 2061 7320 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 as reading file\n-00014e70: 7320 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 s not called ...\n-00014e80: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 206f 7220 grub.cfg..., or \n-00014e90: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6672 reading files fr\n-00014ea0: 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 206f om a.directory o\n-00014eb0: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6174 2077 ther than that w\n-00014ec0: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 here GRUB's load\n-00014ed0: 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 able modules are\n-00014ee0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 installed..To d\n-00014ef0: 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 696e 636c 7564 6520 o this, include \n-00014f00: 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c the ...configfil\n-00014f10: 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d e... and ...norm\n-00014f20: 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e al... modules in\n-00014f30: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c the core.image,\n-00014f40: 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e and embed a con\n-00014f50: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00014f60: 7468 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 e280 that uses the ..\n-00014f70: 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2063 .configfile... c\n-00014f80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 ommand.to load a\n-00014f90: 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 nother file. Th\n-00014fa0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d e following exam\n-00014fb0: 706c 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 616c 736f ple of this also\n-00014fc0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 7468 650a e280 requires the...\n-00014fd0: 9865 6368 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 .echo..., ...sea\n-00014fe0: 7263 685f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e rch_label..., an\n-00014ff0: 6420 e280 9874 6573 74e2 8099 206d 6f64 d ...test... mod\n-00015000: 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 ules to be inclu\n-00015010: 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a ded in the core.\n-00015020: 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 image:.. sea\n-00015030: 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 7275 rch.fs_label gru\n-00015040: 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6966 205b b root. if [\n-00015050: 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 -e /boot/grub/e\n-00015060: 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 6667 xample/test1.cfg\n-00015070: 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ]; then. \n-00015080: 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 2472 set prefix=($r\n-00015090: 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 oot)/boot/grub. \n-000150a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 configfi\n-000150b0: 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 le /boot/grub/ex\n-000150c0: 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 670a ample/test1.cfg.\n-000150d0: 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 else. \n-000150e0: 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 if [ -e /boot\n-000150f0: 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 /grub/example/te\n-00015100: 7374 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a st2.cfg ]; then.\n-00015110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 set\n-00015120: 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f prefix=($root)/\n-00015130: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 boot/grub. \n-00015140: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c configfil\n-00015150: 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 e /boot/grub/exa\n-00015160: 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 mple/test2.cfg. \n-00015170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 2020 else. \n-00015180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2022 echo \"\n-00015190: 436f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 2061 Could not find a\n-000151a0: 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 n example config\n-000151b0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 uration file!\". \n-000151c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2020 2020 fi. \n-000151d0: 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6d62 6564 fi.. The embed\n-000151e0: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n-000151f0: 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2063 n file may not c\n-00015200: 6f6e 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ontain menu entr\n-00015210: 6965 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 ies.directly, bu\n-00015220: 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 6420 t may only read \n-00015230: 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c 7365 7768 them from elsewh\n-00015240: 6572 6520 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 6f6e ere using ...con\n-00015250: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 figfile........F\n-00015260: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00015270: 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c Node: Theme fil\n-00015280: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a e format, Next:\n-00015290: 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2050 7265 763a Network, Prev:\n-000152a0: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 Configuration, \n-000152b0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 656d Up: Top..7 Them\n-000152c0: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a e file format.**\n-000152d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000152e0: 2a0a 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 *..7.1 Introduct\n-000152f0: 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ion.============\n-00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2067 ====..The GRUB g\n-00015310: 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7375 raphical menu su\n-00015320: 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 6d65 7320 7468 pports themes th\n-00015330: 6174 2063 616e 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 at can customize\n-00015340: 2074 6865 206c 6179 6f75 740a 616e 6420 the layout.and \n-00015350: 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 appearance of th\n-00015360: 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 e GRUB boot menu\n-00015370: 2e20 2054 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 . The theme is \n-00015380: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2074 6872 6f75 configured throu\n-00015390: 6768 2061 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 6578 7420 gh a.plain text \n-000153a0: 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 file that specif\n-000153b0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 206f ies the layout o\n-000153c0: 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 4755 f the various GU\n-000153d0: 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 696e I components.(in\n-000153e0: 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 cluding the boot\n-000153f0: 206d 656e 752c 2074 696d 656f 7574 2070 menu, timeout p\n-00015400: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722c 2061 6e64 rogress bar, and\n-00015410: 2074 6578 7420 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2920 text messages) \n-00015420: 6173 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 2074 6865 2061 as.well as the a\n-00015430: 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 7573 696e 6720 ppearance using \n-00015440: 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 732c 2061 colors, fonts, a\n-00015450: 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4578 616d nd images. Exam\n-00015460: 706c 6520 6973 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ple is.available\n-00015470: 2069 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 in docs/example\n-00015480: 5f74 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 _theme.txt..7.2 \n-00015490: 5468 656d 6520 456c 656d 656e 7473 0a3d Theme Elements.=\n-000154a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000154b0: 3d0a 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a =..7.2.1 Colors.\n-000154c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f ------------..Co\n-000154d0: 6c6f 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 lors can be spec\n-000154e0: 6966 6965 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c ified in several\n-000154f0: 2077 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2048 ways:.. ... H\n-00015500: 544d 4c2d 7374 796c 6520 2223 5252 4747 TML-style \"#RRGG\n-00015510: 4242 2220 6f72 2022 2352 4742 2220 666f BB\" or \"#RGB\" fo\n-00015520: 726d 6174 2c20 7768 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c rmat, where *R*,\n-00015530: 202a 472a 2c20 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 *G*, and *B* ar\n-00015540: 650a 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d e. hexadecim\n-00015550: 616c 2064 6967 6974 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c al digits (e.g.,\n-00015560: 2022 2338 3839 3946 4622 290a 2020 20e2 \"#8899FF\"). .\n-00015570: 80a2 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 .. as comma-sepa\n-00015580: 7261 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 rated decimal RG\n-00015590: 4220 7661 6c75 6573 2028 652e 672e 2c20 B values (e.g., \n-000155a0: 2231 3238 2c20 3132 382c 2032 3535 2229 \"128, 128, 255\")\n-000155b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7769 7468 2022 5356 . ... with \"SV\n-000155c0: 4720 312e 3020 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 G 1.0 color name\n-000155d0: 7322 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2263 6f72 6e66 s\" (e.g., \"cornf\n-000155e0: 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 6522 2920 7768 6963 lowerblue\") whic\n-000155f0: 6820 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 h must be. s\n-00015600: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6c6f 7765 pecified in lowe\n-00015610: 7263 6173 652e 0a0a 372e 322e 3220 466f rcase...7.2.2 Fo\n-00015620: 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a nts.-----------.\n-00015630: 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 2047 5255 4220 .The fonts GRUB \n-00015640: 7573 6573 2022 5046 4632 2066 6f6e 7420 uses \"PFF2 font \n-00015650: 666f 726d 6174 2220 6269 746d 6170 2066 format\" bitmap f\n-00015660: 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 onts. Fonts are\n-00015670: 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 .specified with \n-00015680: 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 6e61 6d65 732e full font names.\n-00015690: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 Currently ther\n-000156a0: 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7072 6f76 6973 696f e is no provisio\n-000156b0: 6e20 666f 7220 610a 7072 6566 6572 656e n for a.preferen\n-000156c0: 6365 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 6f6e 7473 ce list of fonts\n-000156d0: 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 6976 696e 6720 6f6e , or deriving on\n-000156e0: 6520 666f 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 6f74 e font from anot\n-000156f0: 6865 722e 2020 466f 6e74 7320 6172 650a her. Fonts are.\n-00015700: 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 loaded with the \n-00015710: 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 2063 6f6d 6d61 \"loadfont\" comma\n-00015720: 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 nd in GRUB (*not\n-00015730: 6520 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a 292e 2020 e loadfont::). \n-00015740: 546f 2073 6565 0a74 6865 206c 6973 7420 To see.the list \n-00015750: 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732c of loaded fonts,\n-00015760: 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2022 6c73 execute the \"ls\n-00015770: 666f 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 fonts\" command (\n-00015780: 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 3a29 *note.lsfonts::)\n-00015790: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 . If there are \n-000157a0: 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 6f6e 7473 2074 too many fonts t\n-000157b0: 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c o fit on screen,\n-000157c0: 2064 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 6167 6572 3d31 do \"set.pager=1\n-000157d0: 2220 6265 666f 7265 2065 7865 6375 7469 \" before executi\n-000157e0: 6e67 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2e0a 0a37 ng \"lsfonts\"...7\n-000157f0: 2e32 2e33 2050 726f 6772 6573 7320 4261 .2.3 Progress Ba\n-00015800: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n-00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e31 ----..Figure 7.1\n-00015820: 0a46 6967 7572 6520 372e 320a 5072 6f67 .Figure 7.2.Prog\n-00015830: 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6172 6520 7573 ress bars are us\n-00015840: 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 ed to display th\n-00015850: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 e remaining time\n-00015860: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f before GRUB boo\n-00015870: 7473 0a74 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d ts.the default m\n-00015880: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 546f 2063 enu entry. To c\n-00015890: 7265 6174 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 reate a progress\n-000158a0: 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 bar that will d\n-000158b0: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a72 656d 6169 isplay the.remai\n-000158c0: 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 6520 6265 666f 7265 ning time before\n-000158d0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 742c automatic boot,\n-000158e0: 2073 696d 706c 7920 6372 6561 7465 2061 simply create a\n-000158f0: 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 220a \"progress_bar\".\n-00015900: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 component with t\n-00015910: 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 he id \"__timeout\n-00015920: 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e64 6963 __\". This indic\n-00015930: 6174 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2074 6861 ates to GRUB tha\n-00015940: 7420 7468 650a 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 t the.progress b\n-00015950: 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7064 ar should be upd\n-00015960: 6174 6564 2061 7320 7469 6d65 2070 6173 ated as time pas\n-00015970: 7365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 7368 6f75 ses, and it shou\n-00015980: 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 ld be made.invis\n-00015990: 6962 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f 756e ible if the coun\n-000159a0: 7464 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 tdown to automat\n-000159b0: 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 6e74 6572 ic boot is inter\n-000159c0: 7275 7074 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7573 rupted by the us\n-000159d0: 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 7265 7373 er... Progress\n-000159e0: 2062 6172 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e bars may option\n-000159f0: 616c 6c79 2068 6176 6520 7465 7874 2064 ally have text d\n-00015a00: 6973 706c 6179 6564 206f 6e20 7468 656d isplayed on them\n-00015a10: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7465 7874 0a69 7320 . This text.is \n-00015a20: 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 controlled by va\n-00015a30: 7269 6162 6c65 2022 7465 7874 2220 7768 riable \"text\" wh\n-00015a40: 6963 6820 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 2070 ich contains a p\n-00015a50: 7269 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 rintf template w\n-00015a60: 6974 680a 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 ith.the only arg\n-00015a70: 756d 656e 7420 2564 2069 7320 7468 6520 ument %d is the \n-00015a80: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 number of second\n-00015a90: 7320 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 4164 s remaining. Ad\n-00015aa0: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 ditionally.speci\n-00015ab0: 616c 2076 616c 7565 7320 2240 5449 4d45 al values \"@TIME\n-00015ac0: 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e OUT_NOTIFICATION\n-00015ad0: 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 _SHORT@\",.\"@TIME\n-00015ae0: 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e OUT_NOTIFICATION\n-00015af0: 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 222c 2022 4054 494d _MIDDLE@\", \"@TIM\n-00015b00: 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f EOUT_NOTIFICATIO\n-00015b10: 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 7265 0a72 6570 N_LONG@\" are.rep\n-00015b20: 6c61 6365 6420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 laced with stand\n-00015b30: 6172 6420 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 ard and translat\n-00015b40: 6564 2074 656d 706c 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 ed templates...7\n-00015b50: 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 6375 6c61 7220 5072 .2.4 Circular Pr\n-00015b60: 6f67 7265 7373 2049 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 ogress Indicator\n-00015b70: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 =========..GRUB \n+000147b0: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 supports embeddi\n+000147c0: 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ng a configurati\n+000147d0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 on file directly\n+000147e0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 into the core.i\n+000147f0: 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 mage, so that it\n+00014800: 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 is loaded befor\n+00014810: 6520 656e 7465 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 e entering norma\n+00014820: 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 l mode. This is\n+00014830: 0a75 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 .useful, for exa\n+00014840: 6d70 6c65 2c20 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 mple, when it is\n+00014850: 206e 6f74 2073 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 not straightfor\n+00014860: 7761 7264 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 ward to find the\n+00014870: 2072 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 real.configurat\n+00014880: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 ion file, or whe\n+00014890: 6e20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 n you need to de\n+000148a0: 6275 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 bug problems wit\n+000148b0: 6820 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 h loading that.f\n+000148c0: 696c 652e 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e ile. ...grub-in\n+000148d0: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 stall... uses th\n+000148e0: 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6865 6e20 is feature when \n+000148f0: 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 it is not using \n+00014900: 4249 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 BIOS disk.functi\n+00014910: 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 ons or when inst\n+00014920: 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 alling to a diff\n+00014930: 6572 656e 7420 6469 736b 2066 726f 6d20 erent disk from \n+00014940: 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 the one containi\n+00014950: 6e67 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ng..../boot/grub\n+00014960: e280 992c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 ..., in which ca\n+00014970: 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 746f 2075 se it needs to u\n+00014980: 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 se the ...search\n+00014990: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n+000149a0: 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 te.search::) to \n+000149b0: 6669 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 find .../boot/gr\n+000149c0: 7562 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d ub...... To em\n+000149d0: 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 bed a configurat\n+000149e0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 ion file, use th\n+000149f0: 6520 e280 982d 63e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-c... optio\n+00014a00: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 n to ...grub-mki\n+00014a10: 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a54 6865 2066 696c mage.....The fil\n+00014a20: 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 696e 746f e is copied into\n+00014a30: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652c the core image,\n+00014a40: 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 6573 6964 so it may resid\n+00014a50: 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 e anywhere on th\n+00014a60: 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2061 e.file system, a\n+00014a70: 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 nd may be remove\n+00014a80: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 d after running \n+00014a90: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 ...grub-mkimage.\n+00014aa0: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 ..... After th\n+00014ab0: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e embedded confi\n+00014ac0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 2869 guration file (i\n+00014ad0: 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 f any) is execut\n+00014ae0: 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f ed, GRUB will.lo\n+00014af0: 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c ad the ...normal\n+00014b00: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 ... module (*not\n+00014b10: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 e normal::), whi\n+00014b20: 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 ch will then rea\n+00014b30: 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 d the real.confi\n+00014b40: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 guration file fr\n+00014b50: 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 om ...$prefix/gr\n+00014b60: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 4279 2074 ub.cfg.... By t\n+00014b70: 6869 7320 706f 696e 742c 2074 6865 20e2 his point, the .\n+00014b80: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a 7661 7269 6162 ..root....variab\n+00014b90: 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2068 6176 le will also hav\n+00014ba0: 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 e been set to th\n+00014bb0: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 e root device na\n+00014bc0: 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 me. For example\n+00014bd0: 2c0a e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d ,....prefix... m\n+00014be0: 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 ight be set to .\n+00014bf0: 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 ..(hd0,1)/boot/g\n+00014c00: 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9872 rub..., and ...r\n+00014c10: 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 oot... might be \n+00014c20: 7365 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 6864 302c 31e2 set to....hd0,1.\n+00014c30: 8099 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 6e20 6d6f ... Thus, in mo\n+00014c40: 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 656d st cases, the em\n+00014c50: 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 bedded configura\n+00014c60: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 0a6e tion file only.n\n+00014c70: 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 eeds to set the \n+00014c80: e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2061 6e64 ...prefix... and\n+00014c90: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 ...root... vari\n+00014ca0: 6162 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 ables, and then \n+00014cb0: 6472 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a drop through to.\n+00014cc0: 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 GRUB's normal pr\n+00014cd0: 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 ocessing. A typ\n+00014ce0: 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 ical example of \n+00014cf0: 7468 6973 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 this might look \n+00014d00: 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like.this:.. \n+00014d10: 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 search.fs_uuid \n+00014d20: 3031 3233 3435 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 01234567-89ab-cd\n+00014d30: 6566 2d30 3132 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 ef-0123-456789ab\n+00014d40: 6364 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 cdef root. s\n+00014d50: 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 et prefix=($root\n+00014d60: 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 )/boot/grub.. \n+00014d70: 2854 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 5f66 (The ...search_f\n+00014d80: 735f 7575 6964 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 s_uuid... module\n+00014d90: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 must be include\n+00014da0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d d in the core im\n+00014db0: 6167 6520 666f 720a 7468 6973 2065 7861 age for.this exa\n+00014dc0: 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a mple to work.)..\n+00014dd0: 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c In more compl\n+00014de0: 6578 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6974 206d 6179 ex cases, it may\n+00014df0: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 7265 be useful to re\n+00014e00: 6164 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ad other configu\n+00014e10: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6573 2064 6972 ration.files dir\n+00014e20: 6563 746c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 ectly from the e\n+00014e30: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n+00014e40: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 ation file. Thi\n+00014e50: 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7563 680a 7468 s allows such.th\n+00014e60: 696e 6773 2061 7320 7265 6164 696e 6720 ings as reading \n+00014e70: 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 files not called\n+00014e80: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c ...grub.cfg...,\n+00014e90: 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 or reading file\n+00014ea0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 6563 746f s from a.directo\n+00014eb0: 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 ry other than th\n+00014ec0: 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4227 7320 at where GRUB's \n+00014ed0: 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 loadable modules\n+00014ee0: 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e0a are installed..\n+00014ef0: 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 696e 636c To do this, incl\n+00014f00: 7564 6520 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 ude the ...confi\n+00014f10: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 gfile... and ...\n+00014f20: 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 normal... module\n+00014f30: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d s in the core.im\n+00014f40: 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 age, and embed a\n+00014f50: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00014f60: 696c 6520 7468 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 ile that uses th\n+00014f70: 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 e ...configfile.\n+00014f80: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f .. command.to lo\n+00014f90: 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 652e ad another file.\n+00014fa0: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 The following \n+00014fb0: 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 example of this \n+00014fc0: 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 7468 also requires th\n+00014fd0: 650a e280 9865 6368 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 e....echo..., ..\n+00014fe0: 9873 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 .search_label...\n+00014ff0: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9874 6573 74e2 8099 , and ...test...\n+00015000: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 modules to be i\n+00015010: 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 ncluded in the c\n+00015020: 6f72 650a 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 ore.image:.. \n+00015030: 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c search.fs_label\n+00015040: 2067 7275 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 grub root. \n+00015050: 6966 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 if [ -e /boot/gr\n+00015060: 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 ub/example/test1\n+00015070: 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 .cfg ]; then. \n+00015080: 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 set prefix\n+00015090: 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 =($root)/boot/gr\n+000150a0: 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 ub. conf\n+000150b0: 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 igfile /boot/gru\n+000150c0: 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e b/example/test1.\n+000150d0: 6366 670a 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 cfg. else. \n+000150e0: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f if [ -e /\n+000150f0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c boot/grub/exampl\n+00015100: 652f 7465 7374 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 e/test2.cfg ]; t\n+00015110: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hen. \n+00015120: 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f set prefix=($ro\n+00015130: 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 ot)/boot/grub. \n+00015140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 confi\n+00015150: 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 gfile /boot/grub\n+00015160: 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 /example/test2.c\n+00015170: 6667 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 fg. else\n+00015180: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 . ec\n+00015190: 686f 2022 436f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 ho \"Could not fi\n+000151a0: 6e64 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f nd an example co\n+000151b0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+000151c0: 2122 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 !\". fi. \n+000151d0: 2020 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 fi.. The e\n+000151e0: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n+000151f0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e ation file may n\n+00015200: 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 ot contain menu \n+00015210: 656e 7472 6965 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 entries.directly\n+00015220: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 , but may only r\n+00015230: 6561 6420 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c ead them from el\n+00015240: 7365 7768 6572 6520 7573 696e 6720 e280 sewhere using ..\n+00015250: 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a .configfile.....\n+00015260: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00015270: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6865 6d65 fo, Node: Theme\n+00015280: 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 204e file format, N\n+00015290: 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2050 ext: Network, P\n+000152a0: 7265 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 rev: Configurati\n+000152b0: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 on, Up: Top..7 \n+000152c0: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n+000152d0: 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a t.**************\n+000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 726f *****..7.1 Intro\n+000152f0: 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d duction.========\n+00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 ========..The GR\n+00015310: 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e UB graphical men\n+00015320: 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 6d65 u supports theme\n+00015330: 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e 2063 7573 746f s that can custo\n+00015340: 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 206c 6179 6f75 740a mize the layout.\n+00015350: 616e 6420 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f and appearance o\n+00015360: 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 f the GRUB boot \n+00015370: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 2074 6865 6d65 menu. The theme\n+00015380: 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2074 is configured t\n+00015390: 6872 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 hrough a.plain t\n+000153a0: 6578 7420 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 7370 ext file that sp\n+000153b0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6c61 796f ecifies the layo\n+000153c0: 7574 206f 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 6f75 ut of the variou\n+000153d0: 7320 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 s GUI components\n+000153e0: 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 6520 .(including the \n+000153f0: 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752c 2074 696d 656f boot menu, timeo\n+00015400: 7574 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722c ut progress bar,\n+00015410: 2061 6e64 2074 6578 7420 6d65 7373 6167 and text messag\n+00015420: 6573 2920 6173 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 2074 es) as.well as t\n+00015430: 6865 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 7573 he appearance us\n+00015440: 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 ing colors, font\n+00015450: 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 s, and images. \n+00015460: 4578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0a61 7661 696c Example is.avail\n+00015470: 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 7861 able in docs/exa\n+00015480: 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a mple_theme.txt..\n+00015490: 372e 3220 5468 656d 6520 456c 656d 656e 7.2 Theme Elemen\n+000154a0: 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ts.=============\n+000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c =====..7.2.1 Col\n+000154c0: 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ors.------------\n+000154d0: 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 ..Colors can be \n+000154e0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2073 6576 specified in sev\n+000154f0: 6572 616c 2077 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 eral ways:.. .\n+00015500: 80a2 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 796c 6520 2223 .. HTML-style \"#\n+00015510: 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 2022 2352 4742 RRGGBB\" or \"#RGB\n+00015520: 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7768 6572 6520 \" format, where \n+00015530: 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 616e 6420 2a42 *R*, *G*, and *B\n+00015540: 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 * are. hexad\n+00015550: 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7320 2865 ecimal digits (e\n+00015560: 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 3946 4622 290a .g., \"#8899FF\").\n+00015570: 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d ... as comma-\n+00015580: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 separated decima\n+00015590: 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 2028 652e l RGB values (e.\n+000155a0: 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 382c 2032 g., \"128, 128, 2\n+000155b0: 3535 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7769 7468 55\"). ... with\n+000155c0: 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f 6c6f 7220 \"SVG 1.0 color \n+000155d0: 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2263 names\" (e.g., \"c\n+000155e0: 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 6522 2920 ornflowerblue\") \n+000155f0: 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 which must be. \n+00015600: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 specified in \n+00015610: 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a 372e 322e lowercase...7.2.\n+00015620: 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 Fonts.--------\n+00015630: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 2047 ---..The fonts G\n+00015640: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 4632 2066 RUB uses \"PFF2 f\n+00015650: 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 6269 746d ont format\" bitm\n+00015660: 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 ap fonts. Fonts\n+00015670: 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 are.specified w\n+00015680: 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 6e61 ith full font na\n+00015690: 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 mes. Currently \n+000156a0: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7072 6f76 there is no prov\n+000156b0: 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a 7072 6566 ision for a.pref\n+000156c0: 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 erence list of f\n+000156d0: 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 6976 696e onts, or derivin\n+000156e0: 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 g one font from \n+000156f0: 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f 6e74 7320 another. Fonts \n+00015700: 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 6974 6820 are.loaded with \n+00015710: 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 2063 the \"loadfont\" c\n+00015720: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 ommand in GRUB (\n+00015730: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a *note loadfont::\n+00015740: 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 6865 206c ). To see.the l\n+00015750: 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f ist of loaded fo\n+00015760: 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 nts, execute the\n+00015770: 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d 6d61 \"lsfonts\" comma\n+00015780: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 666f 6e74 nd (*note.lsfont\n+00015790: 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 s::). If there \n+000157a0: 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 6f6e are too many fon\n+000157b0: 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 6372 ts to fit on scr\n+000157c0: 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 6167 een, do \"set.pag\n+000157d0: 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 2065 7865 er=1\" before exe\n+000157e0: 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 cuting \"lsfonts\"\n+000157f0: 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f 6772 6573 ...7.2.3 Progres\n+00015800: 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s Bar.----------\n+00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 --------..Figure\n+00015820: 2037 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 6520 372e 320a 7.1.Figure 7.2.\n+00015830: 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6172 Progress bars ar\n+00015840: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 e used to displa\n+00015850: 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 y the remaining \n+00015860: 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 4752 5542 time before GRUB\n+00015870: 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 6566 6175 boots.the defau\n+00015880: 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 lt menu entry. \n+00015890: 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 7072 6f67 To create a prog\n+000158a0: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 7769 ress bar that wi\n+000158b0: 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a72 ll display the.r\n+000158c0: 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 6520 6265 emaining time be\n+000158d0: 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 fore automatic b\n+000158e0: 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 6372 6561 oot, simply crea\n+000158f0: 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 te a \"progress_b\n+00015900: 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 ar\".component wi\n+00015910: 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d th the id \"__tim\n+00015920: 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 6973 2069 eout__\". This i\n+00015930: 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 ndicates to GRUB\n+00015940: 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 6f67 7265 that the.progre\n+00015950: 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 ss bar should be\n+00015960: 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 7469 6d65 updated as time\n+00015970: 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 passes, and it \n+00015980: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 should be made.i\n+00015990: 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 nvisible if the \n+000159a0: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 7574 countdown to aut\n+000159b0: 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 omatic boot is i\n+000159c0: 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 7920 7468 nterrupted by th\n+000159d0: 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 e user... Prog\n+000159e0: 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 ress bars may op\n+000159f0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 6520 7465 tionally have te\n+00015a00: 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 206f 6e20 xt displayed on \n+00015a10: 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7465 7874 them. This text\n+00015a20: 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 .is controlled b\n+00015a30: 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 7465 7874 y variable \"text\n+00015a40: 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 \" which contains\n+00015a50: 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 a printf templa\n+00015a60: 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 te with.the only\n+00015a70: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 2069 7320 argument %d is \n+00015a80: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 the number of se\n+00015a90: 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e conds remaining.\n+00015aa0: 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 Additionally.s\n+00015ab0: 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 7320 2240 pecial values \"@\n+00015ac0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 TIMEOUT_NOTIFICA\n+00015ad0: 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 TION_SHORT@\",.\"@\n+00015ae0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 TIMEOUT_NOTIFICA\n+00015af0: 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 222c 2022 TION_MIDDLE@\", \"\n+00015b00: 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 @TIMEOUT_NOTIFIC\n+00015b10: 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 7265 ATION_LONG@\" are\n+00015b20: 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 7468 2073 .replaced with s\n+00015b30: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 7472 616e tandard and tran\n+00015b40: 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c 6174 6573 slated templates\n+00015b50: 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 6375 6c61 ...7.2.4 Circula\n+00015b60: 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 6e64 6963 r Progress Indic\n+00015b70: 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ator.-----------\n 00015b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015b90: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 --..The circular\n-00015ba0: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 progress indica\n-00015bb0: 746f 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 7369 tor functions si\n-00015bc0: 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 746f 2074 6865 2070 milarly to the p\n-00015bd0: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a57 6865 rogress bar..Whe\n-00015be0: 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 616e 2069 6420 6f66 n given an id of\n-00015bf0: 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 \"__timeout__\", \n-00015c00: 4752 5542 2075 7064 6174 6573 2074 6865 GRUB updates the\n-00015c10: 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 circular progre\n-00015c20: 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2773 2076 ss.indicator's v\n-00015c30: 616c 7565 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 alue to indicate\n-00015c40: 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 7265 6d61 696e the time remain\n-00015c50: 696e 672e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6369 ing. For the ci\n-00015c60: 7263 756c 6172 0a70 726f 6772 6573 7320 rcular.progress \n-00015c70: 696e 6469 6361 746f 722c 2074 6865 7265 indicator, there\n-00015c80: 2061 7265 2074 776f 2069 6d61 6765 7320 are two images \n-00015c90: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 2069 used to render i\n-00015ca0: 743a 2074 6865 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a0a t: the *center*.\n-00015cb0: 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a image, and the *\n-00015cc0: 7469 636b 2a20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 tick* image. Th\n-00015cd0: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 6765 2069 e center image i\n-00015ce0: 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 s rendered in th\n-00015cf0: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 e center.of the \n-00015d00: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c 2077 6869 6c65 component, while\n-00015d10: 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d 6167 6520 the tick image \n-00015d20: 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 656e 6465 is used to rende\n-00015d30: 7220 6561 6368 206d 6172 6b20 616c 6f6e r each mark alon\n-00015d40: 670a 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 g.the circumfere\n-00015d50: 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6e64 6963 nce of the indic\n-00015d60: 6174 6f72 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e35 204c 6162 ator...7.2.5 Lab\n-00015d70: 656c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d els.------------\n-00015d80: 0a0a 5465 7874 206c 6162 656c 7320 6361 ..Text labels ca\n-00015d90: 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6f6e 2074 n be placed on t\n-00015da0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7363 7265 656e 2e20 he boot screen. \n-00015db0: 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 742c 2063 6f6c 6f72 The font, color\n-00015dc0: 2c20 616e 640a 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c , and.horizontal\n-00015dd0: 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 2063 616e 2062 alignment can b\n-00015de0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f 7220 e specified for \n-00015df0: 6c61 6265 6c73 2e20 2049 6620 6120 6c61 labels. If a la\n-00015e00: 6265 6c20 6973 2067 6976 656e 0a74 6865 bel is given.the\n-00015e10: 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f id \"__timeout__\n-00015e20: 222c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 2274 6578 \", then the \"tex\n-00015e30: 7422 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 666f 7220 t\" property for \n-00015e40: 7468 6174 206c 6162 656c 2069 7320 616c that label is al\n-00015e50: 736f 0a75 7064 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 so.updated with \n-00015e60: 6120 6d65 7373 6167 6520 696e 666f 726d a message inform\n-00015e70: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7573 6572 206f 6620 ing the user of \n-00015e80: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 the number of se\n-00015e90: 636f 6e64 730a 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 conds.remaining \n-00015ea0: 756e 7469 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 until automatic \n-00015eb0: 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 boot. This is u\n-00015ec0: 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6173 6520 796f seful in case yo\n-00015ed0: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6865 0a74 6578 7420 u want the.text \n-00015ee0: 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 736f 6d65 7768 displayed somewh\n-00015ef0: 6572 6520 656c 7365 2069 6e73 7465 6164 ere else instead\n-00015f00: 206f 6620 6469 7265 6374 6c79 206f 6e20 of directly on \n-00015f10: 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 the progress bar\n-00015f20: 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e36 2042 6f6f 7420 4d65 ...7.2.6 Boot Me\n-00015f30: 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nu.-------------\n-00015f40: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e --..The boot men\n-00015f50: 7520 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2064 6973 u where GRUB dis\n-00015f60: 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 plays the menu e\n-00015f70: 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 ntries from the \n-00015f80: 2267 7275 622e 6366 6722 0a66 696c 652e \"grub.cfg\".file.\n-00015f90: 2020 4974 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f It is a list o\n-00015fa0: 6620 6974 656d 732c 2077 6865 7265 2065 f items, where e\n-00015fb0: 6163 6820 6974 656d 2068 6173 2061 2074 ach item has a t\n-00015fc0: 6974 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 6e0a 6f70 7469 itle and an.opti\n-00015fd0: 6f6e 616c 2069 636f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 onal icon. The \n-00015fe0: 6963 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 icon is selected\n-00015ff0: 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 2a63 based on the *c\n-00016000: 6c61 7373 6573 2a20 7370 6563 6966 6965 lasses* specifie\n-00016010: 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 d.for the menu e\n-00016020: 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 ntry. If there \n-00016030: 6973 2061 2050 4e47 2066 696c 6520 6e61 is a PNG file na\n-00016040: 6d65 6420 226d 7963 6c61 7373 2e70 6e67 med \"myclass.png\n-00016050: 2220 696e 2074 6865 0a22 6772 7562 2f74 \" in the.\"grub/t\n-00016060: 6865 6d65 732f 6963 6f6e 7322 2064 6972 hemes/icons\" dir\n-00016070: 6563 746f 7279 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 ectory, it will \n-00016080: 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2066 6f72 be displayed for\n-00016090: 2069 7465 6d73 2077 6869 6368 2068 6176 items which hav\n-000160a0: 650a 7468 6520 636c 6173 7320 2a6d 7963 e.the class *myc\n-000160b0: 6c61 7373 2a2e 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 lass*. The boot\n-000160c0: 206d 656e 7520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 7573 menu can be cus\n-000160d0: 746f 6d69 7a65 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 tomized in sever\n-000160e0: 616c 2077 6179 732c 0a73 7563 6820 6173 al ways,.such as\n-000160f0: 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 616e 6420 636f the font and co\n-00016100: 6c6f 7220 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 lor used for the\n-00016110: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c menu entry titl\n-00016120: 652c 2061 6e64 2062 790a 7370 6563 6966 e, and by.specif\n-00016130: 7969 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 ying styled boxe\n-00016140: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 s for the menu i\n-00016150: 7473 656c 6620 616e 6420 666f 7220 7468 tself and for th\n-00016160: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 7465 6d0a e selected item.\n-00016170: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742e 0a0a 372e 322e highlight...7.2.\n-00016180: 3720 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 6573 0a2d 7 Styled Boxes.-\n-00016190: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000161a0: 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f -..One of the mo\n-000161b0: 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2066 6561 st important fea\n-000161c0: 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 6375 7374 6f6d tures for custom\n-000161d0: 697a 696e 6720 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 izing the layout\n-000161e0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7573 650a 6f66 202a is the use.of *\n-000161f0: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2a2e 2020 styled boxes*. \n-00016200: 4120 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 A styled box is \n-00016210: 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 206f 6620 3920 7265 composed of 9 re\n-00016220: 6374 616e 6775 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 ctangular (and.p\n-00016230: 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 otentially empty\n-00016240: 2920 7265 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6368 ) regions, which\n-00016250: 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6561 are used to sea\n-00016260: 6d6c 6573 736c 7920 6472 6177 2074 6865 mlessly draw the\n-00016270: 2073 7479 6c65 640a 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 styled.box on s\n-00016280: 6372 6565 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 creen:..Northwes\n-00016290: 7420 286e 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e t (nw) N\n-000162a0: 6f72 7468 2028 6e29 2020 2020 2020 2020 orth (n) \n-000162b0: 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 7420 Northeast \n-000162c0: 286e 6529 0a57 6573 7420 2877 2920 2020 (ne).West (w) \n-000162d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4365 6e74 Cent\n-000162e0: 6572 2028 6329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er (c) \n-000162f0: 2020 2045 6173 7420 2865 290a 536f 7574 East (e).Sout\n-00016300: 6877 6573 7420 2873 7729 2020 2020 2020 hwest (sw) \n-00016310: 2020 2053 6f75 7468 2028 7329 2020 2020 South (s) \n-00016320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 7574 6865 Southe\n-00016330: 6173 7420 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 ast (se).. To \n-00016340: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616e 7920 7369 7a65 support any size\n-00016350: 206f 6620 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 of box on scree\n-00016360: 6e2c 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c n, the center sl\n-00016370: 6963 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 736c 6963 ice and the slic\n-00016380: 6573 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 es.for the top, \n-00016390: 626f 7474 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 7369 6465 bottom, and side\n-000163a0: 7320 6172 6520 616c 6c20 7363 616c 6564 s are all scaled\n-000163b0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 to the correct \n-000163c0: 7369 7a65 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d size for.the com\n-000163d0: 706f 6e65 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e ponent on screen\n-000163e0: 2c20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c , using the foll\n-000163f0: 6f77 696e 6720 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 owing rules:.. \n-00016400: 312e 2054 6865 2065 6467 6520 736c 6963 1. The edge slic\n-00016410: 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 6f75 7468 es (north, south\n-00016420: 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 616e 6420 7765 7374 , east, and west\n-00016430: 2920 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 6e20 ) are scaled in \n-00016440: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 7469 the. directi\n-00016450: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6564 6765 2074 on of the edge t\n-00016460: 6865 7920 6172 6520 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 hey are adjacent\n-00016470: 2074 6f2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e to. For instan\n-00016480: 6365 2c20 7468 6520 7765 7374 0a20 2020 ce, the west. \n-00016490: 2020 736c 6963 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 slice is scale\n-000164a0: 6420 7665 7274 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 d vertically.. \n-000164b0: 322e 2054 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 2. The corner sl\n-000164c0: 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 742c ices (northwest,\n-000164d0: 206e 6f72 7468 6561 7374 2c20 736f 7574 northeast, sout\n-000164e0: 6865 6173 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 heast, and south\n-000164f0: 7765 7374 290a 2020 2020 2061 7265 206e west). are n\n-00016500: 6f74 2073 6361 6c65 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 ot scaled.. 3. \n-00016510: 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 The center slice\n-00016520: 2069 7320 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 is scaled to fi\n-00016530: 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 ll the remaining\n-00016540: 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 space in the. \n-00016550: 2020 206d 6964 646c 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 middle... A\n-00016560: 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 s an example of \n-00016570: 686f 7720 616e 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6967 how an image mig\n-00016580: 6874 2062 6520 736c 6963 6564 2075 702c ht be sliced up,\n-00016590: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 7468 6520 7374 consider the st\n-000165a0: 796c 6564 0a62 6f78 2075 7365 6420 666f yled.box used fo\n-000165b0: 7220 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2076 6965 r a terminal vie\n-000165c0: 772e 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e33 0a37 w...Figure 7.3.7\n-000165d0: 2e32 2e38 2043 7265 6174 696e 6720 5374 .2.8 Creating St\n-000165e0: 796c 6564 2042 6f78 2049 6d61 6765 730a yled Box Images.\n-000165f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6369 7263 ------..The circ\n+00015ba0: 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e ular progress in\n+00015bb0: 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e dicator function\n+00015bc0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 746f 2074 s similarly to t\n+00015bd0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e he progress bar.\n+00015be0: 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 616e 2069 .When given an i\n+00015bf0: 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f d of \"__timeout_\n+00015c00: 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7064 6174 6573 _\", GRUB updates\n+00015c10: 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 the circular pr\n+00015c20: 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 ogress.indicator\n+00015c30: 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 696e 6469 's value to indi\n+00015c40: 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 7265 cate the time re\n+00015c50: 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 466f 7220 7468 maining. For th\n+00015c60: 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 0a70 726f 6772 e circular.progr\n+00015c70: 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 722c 2074 ess indicator, t\n+00015c80: 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2069 6d61 here are two ima\n+00015c90: 6765 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 ges used to rend\n+00015ca0: 6572 2069 743a 2074 6865 202a 6365 6e74 er it: the *cent\n+00015cb0: 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2074 er*.image, and t\n+00015cc0: 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d 6167 652e he *tick* image.\n+00015cd0: 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 The center ima\n+00015ce0: 6765 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 ge is rendered i\n+00015cf0: 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a6f 6620 n the center.of \n+00015d00: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c 2077 the component, w\n+00015d10: 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d hile the tick im\n+00015d20: 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 age is used to r\n+00015d30: 656e 6465 7220 6561 6368 206d 6172 6b20 ender each mark \n+00015d40: 616c 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d along.the circum\n+00015d50: 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 ference of the i\n+00015d60: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e35 ndicator...7.2.5\n+00015d70: 204c 6162 656c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Labels.--------\n+00015d80: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 206c 6162 656c ----..Text label\n+00015d90: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 s can be placed \n+00015da0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7363 7265 on the boot scre\n+00015db0: 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 742c 2063 en. The font, c\n+00015dc0: 6f6c 6f72 2c20 616e 640a 686f 7269 7a6f olor, and.horizo\n+00015dd0: 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 2063 ntal alignment c\n+00015de0: 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 an be specified \n+00015df0: 666f 7220 6c61 6265 6c73 2e20 2049 6620 for labels. If \n+00015e00: 6120 6c61 6265 6c20 6973 2067 6976 656e a label is given\n+00015e10: 0a74 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f .the id \"__timeo\n+00015e20: 7574 5f5f 222c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 ut__\", then the \n+00015e30: 2274 6578 7422 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 \"text\" property \n+00015e40: 666f 7220 7468 6174 206c 6162 656c 2069 for that label i\n+00015e50: 7320 616c 736f 0a75 7064 6174 6564 2077 s also.updated w\n+00015e60: 6974 6820 6120 6d65 7373 6167 6520 696e ith a message in\n+00015e70: 666f 726d 696e 6720 7468 6520 7573 6572 forming the user\n+00015e80: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f of the number o\n+00015e90: 6620 7365 636f 6e64 730a 7265 6d61 696e f seconds.remain\n+00015ea0: 696e 6720 756e 7469 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 ing until automa\n+00015eb0: 7469 6320 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 tic boot. This \n+00015ec0: 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6173 is useful in cas\n+00015ed0: 6520 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6865 0a74 e you want the.t\n+00015ee0: 6578 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 736f ext displayed so\n+00015ef0: 6d65 7768 6572 6520 656c 7365 2069 6e73 mewhere else ins\n+00015f00: 7465 6164 206f 6620 6469 7265 6374 6c79 tead of directly\n+00015f10: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 on the progress\n+00015f20: 2062 6172 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e36 2042 6f6f bar...7.2.6 Boo\n+00015f30: 7420 4d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t Menu.---------\n+00015f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 626f 6f74 ------..The boot\n+00015f50: 206d 656e 7520 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 menu where GRUB\n+00015f60: 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 6d65 displays the me\n+00015f70: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 nu entries from \n+00015f80: 7468 6520 2267 7275 622e 6366 6722 0a66 the \"grub.cfg\".f\n+00015f90: 696c 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6120 6c69 ile. It is a li\n+00015fa0: 7374 206f 6620 6974 656d 732c 2077 6865 st of items, whe\n+00015fb0: 7265 2065 6163 6820 6974 656d 2068 6173 re each item has\n+00015fc0: 2061 2074 6974 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 6e0a a title and an.\n+00015fd0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 636f 6e2e 2020 optional icon. \n+00015fe0: 5468 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 6c65 The icon is sele\n+00015ff0: 6374 6564 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 cted based on th\n+00016000: 6520 2a63 6c61 7373 6573 2a20 7370 6563 e *classes* spec\n+00016010: 6966 6965 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 ified.for the me\n+00016020: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 7468 nu entry. If th\n+00016030: 6572 6520 6973 2061 2050 4e47 2066 696c ere is a PNG fil\n+00016040: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 226d 7963 6c61 7373 e named \"myclass\n+00016050: 2e70 6e67 2220 696e 2074 6865 0a22 6772 .png\" in the.\"gr\n+00016060: 7562 2f74 6865 6d65 732f 6963 6f6e 7322 ub/themes/icons\"\n+00016070: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 6974 2077 directory, it w\n+00016080: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 ill be displayed\n+00016090: 2066 6f72 2069 7465 6d73 2077 6869 6368 for items which\n+000160a0: 2068 6176 650a 7468 6520 636c 6173 7320 have.the class \n+000160b0: 2a6d 7963 6c61 7373 2a2e 2020 5468 6520 *myclass*. The \n+000160c0: 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 6361 6e20 6265 boot menu can be\n+000160d0: 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 6420 696e 2073 customized in s\n+000160e0: 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 732c 0a73 7563 everal ways,.suc\n+000160f0: 6820 6173 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 616e h as the font an\n+00016100: 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7573 6564 2066 6f72 d color used for\n+00016110: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 the menu entry \n+00016120: 7469 746c 652c 2061 6e64 2062 790a 7370 title, and by.sp\n+00016130: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 ecifying styled \n+00016140: 626f 7865 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 boxes for the me\n+00016150: 6e75 2069 7473 656c 6620 616e 6420 666f nu itself and fo\n+00016160: 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 r the selected i\n+00016170: 7465 6d0a 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742e 0a0a tem.highlight...\n+00016180: 372e 322e 3720 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 7.2.7 Styled Box\n+00016190: 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d es.-------------\n+000161a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 -----..One of th\n+000161b0: 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 e most important\n+000161c0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 6375 features for cu\n+000161d0: 7374 6f6d 697a 696e 6720 7468 6520 6c61 stomizing the la\n+000161e0: 796f 7574 2069 7320 7468 6520 7573 650a yout is the use.\n+000161f0: 6f66 202a 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 of *styled boxes\n+00016200: 2a2e 2020 4120 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 *. A styled box\n+00016210: 2069 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 206f 6620 is composed of \n+00016220: 3920 7265 6374 616e 6775 6c61 7220 2861 9 rectangular (a\n+00016230: 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2065 nd.potentially e\n+00016240: 6d70 7479 2920 7265 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 mpty) regions, w\n+00016250: 6869 6368 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f hich are used to\n+00016260: 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 736c 7920 6472 6177 seamlessly draw\n+00016270: 2074 6865 2073 7479 6c65 640a 626f 7820 the styled.box \n+00016280: 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 on screen:..Nort\n+00016290: 6877 6573 7420 286e 7729 2020 2020 2020 hwest (nw) \n+000162a0: 2020 204e 6f72 7468 2028 6e29 2020 2020 North (n) \n+000162b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 Northe\n+000162c0: 6173 7420 286e 6529 0a57 6573 7420 2877 ast (ne).West (w\n+000162d0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ) \n+000162e0: 4365 6e74 6572 2028 6329 2020 2020 2020 Center (c) \n+000162f0: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6173 7420 2865 290a East (e).\n+00016300: 536f 7574 6877 6573 7420 2873 7729 2020 Southwest (sw) \n+00016310: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f75 7468 2028 7329 South (s)\n+00016320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f So\n+00016330: 7574 6865 6173 7420 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 utheast (se).. \n+00016340: 2054 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616e 7920 To support any \n+00016350: 7369 7a65 206f 6620 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 size of box on s\n+00016360: 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 creen, the cente\n+00016370: 7220 736c 6963 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 r slice and the \n+00016380: 736c 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2074 slices.for the t\n+00016390: 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 op, bottom, and \n+000163a0: 7369 6465 7320 6172 6520 616c 6c20 7363 sides are all sc\n+000163b0: 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 aled to the corr\n+000163c0: 6563 7420 7369 7a65 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 ect size for.the\n+000163d0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 component on sc\n+000163e0: 7265 656e 2c20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 reen, using the \n+000163f0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 6c65 733a following rules:\n+00016400: 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 6865 2065 6467 6520 .. 1. The edge \n+00016410: 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 slices (north, s\n+00016420: 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 616e 6420 outh, east, and \n+00016430: 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 west) are scaled\n+00016440: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6972 in the. dir\n+00016450: 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6564 ection of the ed\n+00016460: 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6164 6a61 ge they are adja\n+00016470: 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 466f 7220 696e cent to. For in\n+00016480: 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 6520 7765 7374 stance, the west\n+00016490: 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 6520 6973 2073 . slice is s\n+000164a0: 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 6963 616c 6c79 caled vertically\n+000164b0: 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 .. 2. The corne\n+000164c0: 7220 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 6877 r slices (northw\n+000164d0: 6573 742c 206e 6f72 7468 6561 7374 2c20 est, northeast, \n+000164e0: 736f 7574 6865 6173 742c 2061 6e64 2073 southeast, and s\n+000164f0: 6f75 7468 7765 7374 290a 2020 2020 2061 outhwest). a\n+00016500: 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6361 6c65 642e 0a20 re not scaled.. \n+00016510: 2033 2e20 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 3. The center s\n+00016520: 6c69 6365 2069 7320 7363 616c 6564 2074 lice is scaled t\n+00016530: 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 o fill the remai\n+00016540: 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 ning space in th\n+00016550: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6964 646c 652e 0a0a e. middle...\n+00016560: 2020 2041 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 As an example\n+00016570: 206f 6620 686f 7720 616e 2069 6d61 6765 of how an image\n+00016580: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 736c 6963 6564 might be sliced\n+00016590: 2075 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 7468 up, consider th\n+000165a0: 6520 7374 796c 6564 0a62 6f78 2075 7365 e styled.box use\n+000165b0: 6420 666f 7220 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c d for a terminal\n+000165c0: 2076 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 view...Figure 7\n+000165d0: 2e33 0a37 2e32 2e38 2043 7265 6174 696e .3.7.2.8 Creatin\n+000165e0: 6720 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 2049 6d61 g Styled Box Ima\n+000165f0: 6765 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ges.------------\n 00016600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00016610: 0a0a 5468 6520 496e 6b73 6361 7065 5f20 ..The Inkscape_ \n-00016620: 7363 616c 6162 6c65 2076 6563 746f 7220 scalable vector \n-00016630: 6772 6170 6869 6373 2065 6469 746f 7220 graphics editor \n-00016640: 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c is a very useful\n-00016650: 2074 6f6f 6c20 666f 720a 6372 6561 7469 tool for.creati\n-00016660: 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 696d ng styled box im\n-00016670: 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e65 2070 726f 6365 ages. One proce\n-00016680: 7373 2074 6861 7420 776f 726b 7320 7765 ss that works we\n-00016690: 6c6c 2066 6f72 2073 6c69 6369 6e67 2061 ll for slicing a\n-000166a0: 0a64 7261 7769 6e67 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 .drawing into th\n-000166b0: 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 696d 6167 e necessary imag\n-000166c0: 6520 736c 6963 6573 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 e slices is:.. \n-000166d0: 312e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6f72 206f 7065 1. Create or ope\n-000166e0: 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 796f n the drawing yo\n-000166f0: 7527 6420 6c69 6b65 2075 7365 2e0a 2020 u'd like use.. \n-00016700: 322e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6120 6e65 7720 2. Create a new \n-00016710: 6c61 7965 7220 6f6e 2074 6865 2074 6f70 layer on the top\n-00016720: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 7374 of the layer st\n-00016730: 6163 6b2e 2020 4d61 6b65 2069 7420 7669 ack. Make it vi\n-00016740: 7369 626c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 sible.. Sele\n-00016750: 6374 2074 6869 7320 6c61 7965 7220 6173 ct this layer as\n-00016760: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c 6179 the current lay\n-00016770: 6572 2e0a 2020 332e 2044 7261 7720 3920 er.. 3. Draw 9 \n-00016780: 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 206f 6e20 796f rectangles on yo\n-00016790: 7572 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2077 6865 7265 ur drawing where\n-000167a0: 2079 6f75 2764 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 you'd like the \n-000167b0: 736c 6963 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2062 slices to. b\n-000167c0: 652e 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 6669 e. Clear the fi\n-000167d0: 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 ll option, and s\n-000167e0: 6574 2074 6865 2073 7472 6f6b 6520 746f et the stroke to\n-000167f0: 2031 2070 6978 656c 2077 6964 650a 2020 1 pixel wide. \n-00016800: 2020 2073 6f6c 6964 2073 7472 6f6b 652e solid stroke.\n-00016810: 2020 5468 6520 636f 726e 6572 7320 6f66 The corners of\n-00016820: 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 7320 6d75 7374 the slices must\n-00016830: 206d 6565 7420 7072 6563 6973 656c 793b meet precisely;\n-00016840: 2069 6620 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f if it. is o\n-00016850: 6666 2062 7920 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 ff by a single p\n-00016860: 6978 656c 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7072 ixel, it will pr\n-00016870: 6f62 6162 6c79 2062 6520 6576 6964 656e obably be eviden\n-00016880: 7420 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 t when the. \n-00016890: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 7265 styled box is re\n-000168a0: 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 ndered in the GR\n-000168b0: 5542 206d 656e 752e 2020 596f 7520 7368 UB menu. You sh\n-000168c0: 6f75 6c64 2070 726f 6261 626c 7920 676f ould probably go\n-000168d0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2046 696c 6520 7c20 to. File | \n-000168e0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2050 726f 7065 7274 Document Propert\n-000168f0: 6965 7320 7c20 4772 6964 7320 616e 6420 ies | Grids and \n-00016900: 656e 6162 6c65 2061 2067 7269 6420 6f72 enable a grid or\n-00016910: 2063 7265 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2067 create a. g\n-00016920: 7569 6465 2028 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e 206f uide (click on o\n-00016930: 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 7275 6c65 7273 ne of the rulers\n-00016940: 206e 6578 7420 746f 2074 6865 2064 7261 next to the dra\n-00016950: 7769 6e67 2061 6e64 2064 7261 6720 6f76 wing and drag ov\n-00016960: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6472 6177 er. the draw\n-00016970: 696e 673b 2072 656c 6561 7365 2074 6865 ing; release the\n-00016980: 206d 6f75 7365 2062 7574 746f 6e20 746f mouse button to\n-00016990: 2070 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 place the guide\n-000169a0: 2920 746f 2068 656c 700a 2020 2020 2070 ) to help. p\n-000169b0: 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2072 6563 7461 6e67 lace the rectang\n-000169c0: 6c65 7320 7072 6563 6973 656c 792e 0a20 les precisely.. \n-000169d0: 2034 2e20 5269 6768 7420 636c 6963 6b20 4. Right click \n-000169e0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c on the center sl\n-000169f0: 6963 6520 7265 6374 616e 676c 6520 616e ice rectangle an\n-00016a00: 6420 6368 6f6f 7365 204f 626a 6563 740a d choose Object.\n-00016a10: 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 732e Properties.\n-00016a20: 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2022 4964 Change the \"Id\n-00016a30: 2220 746f 2022 736c 6963 655f 6322 2061 \" to \"slice_c\" a\n-00016a40: 6e64 2063 6c69 636b 2053 6574 2e20 2052 nd click Set. R\n-00016a50: 6570 6561 740a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 epeat. this \n-00016a60: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e for the remainin\n-00016a70: 6720 3820 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2c20 g 8 rectangles, \n-00016a80: 6769 7669 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 4964 2076 giving them Id v\n-00016a90: 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2273 alues of. \"s\n-00016aa0: 6c69 6365 5f6e 222c 2022 736c 6963 655f lice_n\", \"slice_\n-00016ab0: 6e65 222c 2022 736c 6963 655f 6522 2c20 ne\", \"slice_e\", \n-00016ac0: 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e20 6163 636f 7264 and so on accord\n-00016ad0: 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ing to the. \n-00016ae0: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 352e 2053 location.. 5. S\n-00016af0: 6176 6520 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 672e ave the drawing.\n-00016b00: 0a20 2036 2e20 5365 6c65 6374 2061 6c6c . 6. Select all\n-00016b10: 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 2072 6563 7461 the slice recta\n-00016b20: 6e67 6c65 732e 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 ngles. With the\n-00016b30: 2073 6c69 6365 206c 6179 6572 2073 656c slice layer sel\n-00016b40: 6563 7465 642c 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 ected,. you \n-00016b50: 6361 6e20 7369 6d70 6c79 2070 7265 7373 can simply press\n-00016b60: 2043 7472 6c2b 4120 746f 2073 656c 6563 Ctrl+A to selec\n-00016b70: 7420 616c 6c20 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 t all rectangles\n-00016b80: 2e20 2054 6865 2073 7461 7475 730a 2020 . The status. \n-00016b90: 2020 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 696e bar should in\n-00016ba0: 6469 6361 7465 2074 6861 7420 3920 7265 dicate that 9 re\n-00016bb0: 6374 616e 676c 6573 2061 7265 2073 656c ctangles are sel\n-00016bc0: 6563 7465 642e 0a20 2037 2e20 436c 6963 ected.. 7. Clic\n-00016bd0: 6b20 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 6869 6465 k the layer hide\n-00016be0: 2069 636f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 736c icon for the sl\n-00016bf0: 6963 6520 6c61 7965 7220 696e 2074 6865 ice layer in the\n-00016c00: 206c 6179 6572 2070 616c 6574 7465 2e0a layer palette..\n-00016c10: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6563 7461 6e67 The rectang\n-00016c20: 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c 2072 656d 6169 6e20 les will remain \n-00016c30: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6576 656e 2074 selected, even t\n-00016c40: 686f 7567 6820 7468 6579 2061 7265 2068 hough they are h\n-00016c50: 6964 6465 6e2e 0a20 2038 2e20 4368 6f6f idden.. 8. Choo\n-00016c60: 7365 2046 696c 6520 7c20 4578 706f 7274 se File | Export\n-00016c70: 2042 6974 6d61 7020 616e 6420 6368 6563 Bitmap and chec\n-00016c80: 6b20 7468 6520 2a42 6174 6368 2065 7870 k the *Batch exp\n-00016c90: 6f72 7420 3920 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 ort 9 selected. \n-00016ca0: 2020 2020 6f62 6a65 6374 732a 2062 6f78 objects* box\n-00016cb0: 2e20 204d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 . Make sure tha\n-00016cc0: 7420 2a48 6964 6520 616c 6c20 6578 6365 t *Hide all exce\n-00016cd0: 7074 2073 656c 6563 7465 642a 2069 730a pt selected* is.\n-00016ce0: 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6865 636b 6564 2e20 unchecked. \n-00016cf0: 2063 6c69 636b 202a 4578 706f 7274 2a2e click *Export*.\n-00016d00: 2020 5468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 This will crea\n-00016d10: 7465 2050 4e47 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 te PNG files in \n-00016d20: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6469 the same. di\n-00016d30: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 rectory as the d\n-00016d40: 7261 7769 6e67 2c20 6e61 6d65 6420 6166 rawing, named af\n-00016d50: 7465 7220 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 2e20 ter the slices. \n-00016d60: 2054 6865 7365 2063 616e 206e 6f77 2062 These can now b\n-00016d70: 650a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 e. used for \n-00016d80: 6120 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 6e20 a styled box in \n-00016d90: 6120 4752 5542 2074 6865 6d65 2e0a 0a37 a GRUB theme...7\n-00016da0: 2e33 2054 6865 6d65 2046 696c 6520 4d61 .3 Theme File Ma\n-00016db0: 6e75 616c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nual.===========\n-00016dc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00016dd0: 7468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2069 7320 6120 theme file is a \n-00016de0: 706c 6169 6e20 7465 7874 2066 696c 652e plain text file.\n-00016df0: 2020 4c69 6e65 7320 7468 6174 2062 6567 Lines that beg\n-00016e00: 696e 2077 6974 6820 2223 2220 6172 650a in with \"#\" are.\n-00016e10: 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 616e 6420 636f 6e73 ignored and cons\n-00016e20: 6964 6572 6564 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 732e idered comments.\n-00016e30: 2020 284e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 7320 6d61 (Note: This ma\n-00016e40: 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2074 6865 2063 6173 y not be the cas\n-00016e50: 6520 6966 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 e if the.previou\n-00016e60: 7320 6c69 6e65 2065 6e64 6564 2077 6865 s line ended whe\n-00016e70: 7265 2061 2076 616c 7565 2077 6173 2065 re a value was e\n-00016e80: 7870 6563 7465 642e 290a 0a20 2020 5468 xpected.).. Th\n-00016e90: 6520 7468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2063 6f6e e theme file con\n-00016ea0: 7461 696e 7320 7477 6f20 7479 7065 7320 tains two types \n-00016eb0: 6f66 2073 7461 7465 6d65 6e74 733a 0a20 of statements:. \n-00016ec0: 2031 2e20 476c 6f62 616c 2070 726f 7065 1. Global prope\n-00016ed0: 7274 6965 732e 0a20 2032 2e20 436f 6d70 rties.. 2. Comp\n-00016ee0: 6f6e 656e 7420 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7469 onent constructi\n-00016ef0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e31 2047 6c6f 6261 on...7.3.1 Globa\n-00016f00: 6c20 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 0a2d 2d2d l Properties.---\n-00016f10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00016f20: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 372e 332e 3220 466f 726d ----..7.3.2 Form\n-00016f30: 6174 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a at.------------.\n-00016f40: 0a47 6c6f 6261 6c20 7072 6f70 6572 7469 .Global properti\n-00016f50: 6573 2061 7265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 es are specified\n-00016f60: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 with the simple\n-00016f70: 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 format:. ... \n-00016f80: 6e61 6d65 313a 2076 616c 7565 310a 2020 name1: value1. \n-00016f90: 20e2 80a2 206e 616d 6532 3a20 2276 616c ... name2: \"val\n-00016fa0: 7565 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2063 6f6e ue which may con\n-00016fb0: 7461 696e 2073 7061 6365 7322 0a20 2020 tain spaces\". \n-00016fc0: e280 a220 6e61 6d65 333a 2023 3838 460a ... name3: #88F.\n-00016fd0: 0a20 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6578 616d . In this exam\n-00016fe0: 706c 652c 206e 616d 6533 2069 7320 6173 ple, name3 is as\n-00016ff0: 7369 676e 6564 2061 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 signed a color v\n-00017000: 616c 7565 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e33 2047 6c6f alue...7.3.3 Glo\n-00017010: 6261 6c20 5072 6f70 6572 7479 204c 6973 bal Property Lis\n-00017020: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-00017030: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 7469 ------------..ti\n-00017040: 746c 652d 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 tle-text \n-00017050: 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 Specifies t\n-00017060: 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c he text to displ\n-00017070: 6179 2061 7420 7468 6520 746f 700a 2020 ay at the top. \n-00017080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017090: 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 center of t\n-000170a0: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6173 2061 2074 he screen as a t\n-000170b0: 6974 6c65 2e0a 7469 746c 652d 666f 6e74 itle..title-font\n-000170c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6566 Def\n-000170d0: 696e 6573 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 7573 ines the font us\n-000170e0: 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 ed for the title\n-000170f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6520 message \n-00017110: 6174 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f 6620 7468 at the top of th\n-00017120: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 7469 746c 652d e screen..title-\n-00017130: 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 color \n-00017140: 2044 6566 696e 6573 2074 6865 2063 6f6c Defines the col\n-00017150: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 or of the title \n-00017160: 6d65 7373 6167 652e 0a6d 6573 7361 6765 message..message\n-00017170: 2d66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 -font \n-00017180: 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 7573 6564 Currently unused\n-00017190: 2e20 204c 6566 7420 666f 7220 6261 636b . Left for back\n-000171a0: 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ward. \n-000171b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6d70 comp\n-000171c0: 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e 0a6d 6573 7361 atibility..messa\n-000171d0: 6765 2d63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 ge-color \n-000171e0: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 7573 Currently unus\n-000171f0: 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 666f 7220 6261 ed. Left for ba\n-00017200: 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ckward. \n-00017210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f co\n-00017220: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e 0a6d 6573 mpatibility..mes\n-00017230: 7361 6765 2d62 672d 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 sage-bg-color \n-00017240: 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e Currently un\n-00017250: 7573 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 666f 7220 used. Left for \n-00017260: 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 backward. \n+00016610: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 496e 6b73 6361 ----..The Inksca\n+00016620: 7065 5f20 7363 616c 6162 6c65 2076 6563 pe_ scalable vec\n+00016630: 746f 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2065 6469 tor graphics edi\n+00016640: 746f 7220 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 7573 tor is a very us\n+00016650: 6566 756c 2074 6f6f 6c20 666f 720a 6372 eful tool for.cr\n+00016660: 6561 7469 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f eating styled bo\n+00016670: 7820 696d 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e65 2070 x images. One p\n+00016680: 726f 6365 7373 2074 6861 7420 776f 726b rocess that work\n+00016690: 7320 7765 6c6c 2066 6f72 2073 6c69 6369 s well for slici\n+000166a0: 6e67 2061 0a64 7261 7769 6e67 2069 6e74 ng a.drawing int\n+000166b0: 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 o the necessary \n+000166c0: 696d 6167 6520 736c 6963 6573 2069 733a image slices is:\n+000166d0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6f72 .. 1. Create or\n+000166e0: 206f 7065 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e open the drawin\n+000166f0: 6720 796f 7527 6420 6c69 6b65 2075 7365 g you'd like use\n+00016700: 2e0a 2020 322e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6120 .. 2. Create a \n+00016710: 6e65 7720 6c61 7965 7220 6f6e 2074 6865 new layer on the\n+00016720: 2074 6f70 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7965 top of the laye\n+00016730: 7220 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4d61 6b65 2069 r stack. Make i\n+00016740: 7420 7669 7369 626c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 t visible.. \n+00016750: 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6869 7320 6c61 7965 Select this laye\n+00016760: 7220 6173 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 r as the current\n+00016770: 206c 6179 6572 2e0a 2020 332e 2044 7261 layer.. 3. Dra\n+00016780: 7720 3920 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 206f w 9 rectangles o\n+00016790: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2077 n your drawing w\n+000167a0: 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2764 206c 696b 6520 here you'd like \n+000167b0: 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 the slices to. \n+000167c0: 2020 2062 652e 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 be. Clear th\n+000167d0: 6520 6669 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2061 e fill option, a\n+000167e0: 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 2073 7472 6f6b nd set the strok\n+000167f0: 6520 746f 2031 2070 6978 656c 2077 6964 e to 1 pixel wid\n+00016800: 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6c 6964 2073 7472 e. solid str\n+00016810: 6f6b 652e 2020 5468 6520 636f 726e 6572 oke. The corner\n+00016820: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 7320 s of the slices \n+00016830: 6d75 7374 206d 6565 7420 7072 6563 6973 must meet precis\n+00016840: 656c 793b 2069 6620 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ely; if it. \n+00016850: 6973 206f 6666 2062 7920 6120 7369 6e67 is off by a sing\n+00016860: 6c65 2070 6978 656c 2c20 6974 2077 696c le pixel, it wil\n+00016870: 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2062 6520 6576 l probably be ev\n+00016880: 6964 656e 7420 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 ident when the. \n+00016890: 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 styled box i\n+000168a0: 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 s rendered in th\n+000168b0: 6520 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e 2020 596f e GRUB menu. Yo\n+000168c0: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 726f 6261 626c u should probabl\n+000168d0: 7920 676f 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2046 696c y go to. Fil\n+000168e0: 6520 7c20 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2050 726f e | Document Pro\n+000168f0: 7065 7274 6965 7320 7c20 4772 6964 7320 perties | Grids \n+00016900: 616e 6420 656e 6162 6c65 2061 2067 7269 and enable a gri\n+00016910: 6420 6f72 2063 7265 6174 6520 610a 2020 d or create a. \n+00016920: 2020 2067 7569 6465 2028 636c 6963 6b20 guide (click \n+00016930: 6f6e 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 7275 on one of the ru\n+00016940: 6c65 7273 206e 6578 7420 746f 2074 6865 lers next to the\n+00016950: 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2061 6e64 2064 7261 drawing and dra\n+00016960: 6720 6f76 6572 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 g over. the \n+00016970: 6472 6177 696e 673b 2072 656c 6561 7365 drawing; release\n+00016980: 2074 6865 206d 6f75 7365 2062 7574 746f the mouse butto\n+00016990: 6e20 746f 2070 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2067 n to place the g\n+000169a0: 7569 6465 2920 746f 2068 656c 700a 2020 uide) to help. \n+000169b0: 2020 2070 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2072 6563 place the rec\n+000169c0: 7461 6e67 6c65 7320 7072 6563 6973 656c tangles precisel\n+000169d0: 792e 0a20 2034 2e20 5269 6768 7420 636c y.. 4. Right cl\n+000169e0: 6963 6b20 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 ick on the cente\n+000169f0: 7220 736c 6963 6520 7265 6374 616e 676c r slice rectangl\n+00016a00: 6520 616e 6420 6368 6f6f 7365 204f 626a e and choose Obj\n+00016a10: 6563 740a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 ect. Propert\n+00016a20: 6965 732e 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 ies. Change the\n+00016a30: 2022 4964 2220 746f 2022 736c 6963 655f \"Id\" to \"slice_\n+00016a40: 6322 2061 6e64 2063 6c69 636b 2053 6574 c\" and click Set\n+00016a50: 2e20 2052 6570 6561 740a 2020 2020 2074 . Repeat. t\n+00016a60: 6869 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 7265 6d61 his for the rema\n+00016a70: 696e 696e 6720 3820 7265 6374 616e 676c ining 8 rectangl\n+00016a80: 6573 2c20 6769 7669 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 es, giving them \n+00016a90: 4964 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 Id values of. \n+00016aa0: 2020 2273 6c69 6365 5f6e 222c 2022 736c \"slice_n\", \"sl\n+00016ab0: 6963 655f 6e65 222c 2022 736c 6963 655f ice_ne\", \"slice_\n+00016ac0: 6522 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e20 6163 e\", and so on ac\n+00016ad0: 636f 7264 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 cording to the. \n+00016ae0: 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 location.. \n+00016af0: 352e 2053 6176 6520 7468 6520 6472 6177 5. Save the draw\n+00016b00: 696e 672e 0a20 2036 2e20 5365 6c65 6374 ing.. 6. Select\n+00016b10: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 2072 all the slice r\n+00016b20: 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 732e 2020 5769 7468 ectangles. With\n+00016b30: 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 206c 6179 6572 the slice layer\n+00016b40: 2073 656c 6563 7465 642c 0a20 2020 2020 selected,. \n+00016b50: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7369 6d70 6c79 2070 you can simply p\n+00016b60: 7265 7373 2043 7472 6c2b 4120 746f 2073 ress Ctrl+A to s\n+00016b70: 656c 6563 7420 616c 6c20 7265 6374 616e elect all rectan\n+00016b80: 676c 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2073 7461 7475 gles. The statu\n+00016b90: 730a 2020 2020 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c s. bar shoul\n+00016ba0: 6420 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6861 7420 d indicate that \n+00016bb0: 3920 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2061 7265 9 rectangles are\n+00016bc0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 642e 0a20 2037 2e20 selected.. 7. \n+00016bd0: 436c 6963 6b20 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 Click the layer \n+00016be0: 6869 6465 2069 636f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 hide icon for th\n+00016bf0: 6520 736c 6963 6520 6c61 7965 7220 696e e slice layer in\n+00016c00: 2074 6865 206c 6179 6572 2070 616c 6574 the layer palet\n+00016c10: 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6563 te.. The rec\n+00016c20: 7461 6e67 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c 2072 656d tangles will rem\n+00016c30: 6169 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6576 ain selected, ev\n+00016c40: 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6579 2061 en though they a\n+00016c50: 7265 2068 6964 6465 6e2e 0a20 2038 2e20 re hidden.. 8. \n+00016c60: 4368 6f6f 7365 2046 696c 6520 7c20 4578 Choose File | Ex\n+00016c70: 706f 7274 2042 6974 6d61 7020 616e 6420 port Bitmap and \n+00016c80: 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6520 2a42 6174 6368 check the *Batch\n+00016c90: 2065 7870 6f72 7420 3920 7365 6c65 6374 export 9 select\n+00016ca0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6f62 6a65 6374 732a ed. objects*\n+00016cb0: 2062 6f78 2e20 204d 616b 6520 7375 7265 box. Make sure\n+00016cc0: 2074 6861 7420 2a48 6964 6520 616c 6c20 that *Hide all \n+00016cd0: 6578 6365 7074 2073 656c 6563 7465 642a except selected*\n+00016ce0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6865 636b is. uncheck\n+00016cf0: 6564 2e20 2063 6c69 636b 202a 4578 706f ed. click *Expo\n+00016d00: 7274 2a2e 2020 5468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 rt*. This will \n+00016d10: 6372 6561 7465 2050 4e47 2066 696c 6573 create PNG files\n+00016d20: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 in the same. \n+00016d30: 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 directory as t\n+00016d40: 6865 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2c20 6e61 6d65 he drawing, name\n+00016d50: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 736c 6963 d after the slic\n+00016d60: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2063 616e 206e es. These can n\n+00016d70: 6f77 2062 650a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 ow be. used \n+00016d80: 666f 7220 6120 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 for a styled box\n+00016d90: 2069 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2074 6865 6d65 in a GRUB theme\n+00016da0: 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2054 6865 6d65 2046 696c ...7.3 Theme Fil\n+00016db0: 6520 4d61 6e75 616c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e Manual.=======\n+00016dc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00016dd0: 5468 6520 7468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2069 The theme file i\n+00016de0: 7320 6120 706c 6169 6e20 7465 7874 2066 s a plain text f\n+00016df0: 696c 652e 2020 4c69 6e65 7320 7468 6174 ile. Lines that\n+00016e00: 2062 6567 696e 2077 6974 6820 2223 2220 begin with \"#\" \n+00016e10: 6172 650a 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 616e 6420 are.ignored and \n+00016e20: 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2063 6f6d 6d65 considered comme\n+00016e30: 6e74 732e 2020 284e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 nts. (Note: Thi\n+00016e40: 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2074 6865 s may not be the\n+00016e50: 2063 6173 6520 6966 2074 6865 0a70 7265 case if the.pre\n+00016e60: 7669 6f75 7320 6c69 6e65 2065 6e64 6564 vious line ended\n+00016e70: 2077 6865 7265 2061 2076 616c 7565 2077 where a value w\n+00016e80: 6173 2065 7870 6563 7465 642e 290a 0a20 as expected.).. \n+00016e90: 2020 5468 6520 7468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 The theme file\n+00016ea0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7477 6f20 7479 contains two ty\n+00016eb0: 7065 7320 6f66 2073 7461 7465 6d65 6e74 pes of statement\n+00016ec0: 733a 0a20 2031 2e20 476c 6f62 616c 2070 s:. 1. Global p\n+00016ed0: 726f 7065 7274 6965 732e 0a20 2032 2e20 roperties.. 2. \n+00016ee0: 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 636f 6e73 7472 Component constr\n+00016ef0: 7563 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e31 2047 uction...7.3.1 G\n+00016f00: 6c6f 6261 6c20 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 lobal Properties\n+00016f10: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00016f20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 372e 332e 3220 --------..7.3.2 \n+00016f30: 466f 726d 6174 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Format.---------\n+00016f40: 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 6c6f 6261 6c20 7072 6f70 ---..Global prop\n+00016f50: 6572 7469 6573 2061 7265 2073 7065 6369 erties are speci\n+00016f60: 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7369 fied with the si\n+00016f70: 6d70 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 0a20 2020 mple format:. \n+00016f80: e280 a220 6e61 6d65 313a 2076 616c 7565 ... name1: value\n+00016f90: 310a 2020 20e2 80a2 206e 616d 6532 3a20 1. ... name2: \n+00016fa0: 2276 616c 7565 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 \"value which may\n+00016fb0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2073 7061 6365 7322 contain spaces\"\n+00016fc0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6e61 6d65 333a 2023 . ... name3: #\n+00016fd0: 3838 460a 0a20 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 88F.. In this \n+00016fe0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 206e 616d 6533 2069 example, name3 i\n+00016ff0: 7320 6173 7369 676e 6564 2061 2063 6f6c s assigned a col\n+00017000: 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e33 or value...7.3.3\n+00017010: 2047 6c6f 6261 6c20 5072 6f70 6572 7479 Global Property\n+00017020: 204c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d List.----------\n+00017030: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00017040: 0a0a 7469 746c 652d 7465 7874 2020 2020 ..title-text \n+00017050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 Specifi\n+00017060: 6573 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 es the text to d\n+00017070: 6973 706c 6179 2061 7420 7468 6520 746f isplay at the to\n+00017080: 700a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p. \n+00017090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 center \n+000170a0: 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6173 of the screen as\n+000170b0: 2061 2074 6974 6c65 2e0a 7469 746c 652d a title..title-\n+000170c0: 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 font \n+000170d0: 2044 6566 696e 6573 2074 6865 2066 6f6e Defines the fon\n+000170e0: 7420 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2074 t used for the t\n+000170f0: 6974 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 itle. \n+00017100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 7373 mess\n+00017110: 6167 6520 6174 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f age at the top o\n+00017120: 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 7469 f the screen..ti\n+00017130: 746c 652d 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 tle-color \n+00017140: 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6573 2074 6865 Defines the\n+00017150: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 7469 color of the ti\n+00017160: 746c 6520 6d65 7373 6167 652e 0a6d 6573 tle message..mes\n+00017170: 7361 6765 2d66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 sage-font \n+00017180: 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e Currently un\n+00017190: 7573 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 666f 7220 used. Left for \n+000171a0: 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 backward. \n+000171b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000171c0: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e 0a6d compatibility..m\n+000171d0: 6573 7361 6765 2d63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 essage-color \n+000171e0: 2020 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 Currently \n+000171f0: 756e 7573 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 666f unused. Left fo\n+00017200: 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 r backward. \n+00017210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017220: 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e compatibility.\n+00017230: 0a6d 6573 7361 6765 2d62 672d 636f 6c6f .message-bg-colo\n+00017240: 7220 2020 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c r Currentl\n+00017250: 7920 756e 7573 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 y unused. Left \n+00017260: 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 for backward. \n 00017270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017280: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e 0a64 compatibility..d\n-00017290: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2020 2020 esktop-image \n-000172a0: 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 Specifies \n-000172b0: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2075 7365 the image to use\n-000172c0: 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 as the. \n-000172d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n-000172e0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 642e 2020 4974 2077 ackground. It w\n-000172f0: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f ill be scaled to\n-00017300: 2066 6974 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 fit the. \n+00017280: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 compatibilit\n+00017290: 792e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 y..desktop-image\n+000172a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 Specif\n+000172b0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f ies the image to\n+000172c0: 2075 7365 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 use as the. \n+000172d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000172e0: 2020 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 642e 2020 background. \n+000172f0: 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6361 6c65 It will be scale\n+00017300: 6420 746f 2066 6974 2074 6865 0a20 2020 d to fit the. \n 00017310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017320: 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a 6520 6f72 2070 screen size or p\n-00017330: 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7363 roportionally sc\n-00017340: 616c 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 aled. \n-00017350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 7065 depe\n-00017360: 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6361 nding on the sca\n-00017370: 6c65 206d 6574 686f 642e 0a64 6573 6b74 le method..deskt\n-00017380: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 6361 6c65 2d6d op-image-scale-m\n-00017390: 6574 686f 6453 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 ethodSpecifies t\n-000173a0: 6865 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 206d 6574 686f he scaling metho\n-000173b0: 6420 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 d for the. \n+00017320: 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a 6520 screen size \n+00017330: 6f72 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c or proportionall\n+00017340: 7920 7363 616c 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 y scaled. \n+00017350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017360: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 depending on the\n+00017370: 2073 6361 6c65 206d 6574 686f 642e 0a64 scale method..d\n+00017380: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 6361 esktop-image-sca\n+00017390: 6c65 2d6d 6574 686f 6453 7065 6369 6669 le-methodSpecifi\n+000173a0: 6573 2074 6865 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 206d es the scaling m\n+000173b0: 6574 686f 6420 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 ethod for the. \n 000173c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000173d0: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a *desktop-image*\n-000173e0: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 . Options are \"\n-000173f0: 7374 7265 7463 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 stretch\",. \n+000173d0: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n+000173e0: 6167 652a 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 age*. Options a\n+000173f0: 7265 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2c0a 2020 re \"stretch\",. \n 00017400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017410: 2022 6372 6f70 222c 2022 7061 6464 696e \"crop\", \"paddin\n-00017420: 6722 2c20 2266 6974 7769 6474 6822 2c0a g\", \"fitwidth\",.\n-00017430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6669 7468 6569 6768 \"fitheigh\n-00017450: 7422 2e20 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2066 t\". \"stretch\" f\n-00017460: 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 or fitting the. \n-00017470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017480: 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a screen siz\n-00017490: 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6974 e. Otherwise it\n-000174a0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 is. \n-000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 706f propo\n-000174c0: 7274 696f 6e61 6c20 7363 616c 696e 6720 rtional scaling \n-000174d0: 6f66 2061 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 of a part of. \n-000174e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000174f0: 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 *desktop-ima\n-00017500: 6765 2a20 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7420 ge* to the part \n-00017510: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n-00017520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n-00017530: 7265 656e 2e20 2022 6372 6f70 2220 7061 reen. \"crop\" pa\n-00017540: 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 rt of the. \n+00017410: 2020 2020 2022 6372 6f70 222c 2022 7061 \"crop\", \"pa\n+00017420: 6464 696e 6722 2c20 2266 6974 7769 6474 dding\", \"fitwidt\n+00017430: 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h\",. \n+00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6669 7468 \"fith\n+00017450: 6569 6768 7422 2e20 2022 7374 7265 7463 eight\". \"stretc\n+00017460: 6822 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 2074 h\" for fitting t\n+00017470: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e screen\n+00017490: 2073 697a 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 size. Otherwis\n+000174a0: 6520 6974 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e it is. \n+000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+000174c0: 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c20 7363 616c roportional scal\n+000174d0: 696e 6720 6f66 2061 2070 6172 7420 6f66 ing of a part of\n+000174e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 *desktop\n+00017500: 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 746f 2074 6865 2070 -image* to the p\n+00017510: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 art of the. \n+00017520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017530: 2020 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2022 6372 6f70 screen. \"crop\n+00017540: 2220 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 \" part of the. \n 00017550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017560: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a *desktop-image*\n-00017570: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f 706f 7274 will be proport\n-00017580: 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ionally. \n-00017590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-000175a0: 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 6974 2074 6865 caled to fit the\n-000175b0: 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 732e 0a20 screen sizes.. \n-000175c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2270 6164 6469 6e67 2220 \"padding\" \n-000175e0: 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 202a 6465 736b the entire *desk\n-000175f0: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c0a top-image* will.\n-00017600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6520 636f 6e74 6169 be contai\n-00017620: 6e65 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 ned on the scree\n-00017630: 6e2e 2020 2266 6974 7769 6474 6822 0a20 n. \"fitwidth\". \n-00017640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017650: 2020 2020 2020 666f 7220 6669 7474 696e for fittin\n-00017660: 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 g the *desktop-i\n-00017670: 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 mage*'s width. \n-00017680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017690: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7363 7265 656e with screen\n-000176a0: 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2022 6669 7468 6569 width. \"fithei\n-000176b0: 6768 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ght\" for. \n+00017560: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n+00017570: 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f age* will be pro\n+00017580: 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 portionally. \n+00017590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000175a0: 2020 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 6974 scaled to fit\n+000175b0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 the screen size\n+000175c0: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.. \n+000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6164 6469 \"paddi\n+000175e0: 6e67 2220 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 202a ng\" the entire *\n+000175f0: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2077 desktop-image* w\n+00017600: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill. \n+00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6520 636f be co\n+00017620: 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 ntained on the s\n+00017630: 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2266 6974 7769 6474 creen. \"fitwidt\n+00017640: 6822 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h\". \n+00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 7220 6669 for fi\n+00017660: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 tting the *deskt\n+00017670: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 7769 6474 op-image*'s widt\n+00017680: 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n+00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7363 with sc\n+000176a0: 7265 656e 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2022 6669 reen width. \"fi\n+000176b0: 7468 6569 6768 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 theight\" for. \n 000176c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000176d0: 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 fitting the *des\n-000176e0: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 6865 ktop-image*'s he\n-000176f0: 6967 6874 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2020 ight with. \n+000176d0: 2020 2020 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 fitting the \n+000176e0: 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 *desktop-image*'\n+000176f0: 7320 6865 6967 6874 2077 6974 680a 2020 s height with. \n 00017700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017710: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6865 6967 the screen heig\n-00017720: 6874 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 ht. Default is \n-00017730: 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 \"stretch\"..deskt\n-00017740: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d68 2d61 6c69 676e op-image-h-align\n-00017750: 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 Specifies the \n-00017760: 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e horizontal align\n-00017770: 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ment of the. \n+00017710: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 the screen \n+00017720: 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 height. Default\n+00017730: 2069 7320 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e 0a64 is \"stretch\"..d\n+00017740: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d68 2d61 esktop-image-h-a\n+00017750: 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 lign Specifies \n+00017760: 7468 6520 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 the horizontal a\n+00017770: 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 650a lignment of the.\n 00017780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017790: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n-000177a0: 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e* if. \n-000177b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 *de\n-000177c0: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c sktop-image-scal\n-000177d0: 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 7420 e-method* isn't \n-000177e0: 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 equeal. \n-000177f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f to\n-00017800: 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e20 204f 7074 \"stretch\". Opt\n-00017810: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 222c ions are \"left\",\n-00017820: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 \"center\"\n-00017840: 2c20 2272 6967 6874 222e 2020 4465 6661 , \"right\". Defa\n-00017850: 756c 7420 6973 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222e ult is \"center\".\n-00017860: 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d76 .desktop-image-v\n-00017870: 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 -align Specifie\n-00017880: 7320 7468 6520 7665 7274 6963 616c 2061 s the vertical a\n-00017890: 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 650a lignment of the.\n-000178a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000178b0: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n-000178c0: 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 image* if. \n+00017790: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n+000177a0: 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 image* if. \n+000177b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000177c0: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d *desktop-image-\n+000177d0: 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 scale-method* is\n+000177e0: 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 2020 n't equeal. \n+000177f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017800: 2020 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e20 to \"stretch\". \n+00017810: 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 Options are \"le\n+00017820: 6674 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ft\",. \n+00017830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e \"cen\n+00017840: 7465 7222 2c20 2272 6967 6874 222e 2020 ter\", \"right\". \n+00017850: 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6365 6e74 Default is \"cent\n+00017860: 6572 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 er\"..desktop-ima\n+00017870: 6765 2d76 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 ge-v-align Spec\n+00017880: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7665 7274 6963 ifies the vertic\n+00017890: 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 al alignment of \n+000178a0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+000178b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b *desk\n+000178c0: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 top-image* if. \n 000178d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000178e0: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d *desktop-image-\n-000178f0: 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 scale-method* is\n-00017900: 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 2020 n't equeal. \n+000178e0: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n+000178f0: 6167 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 age-scale-method\n+00017900: 2a20 6973 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 * isn't equeal. \n 00017910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017920: 2020 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e20 to \"stretch\". \n-00017930: 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 746f Options are \"to\n-00017940: 7022 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p\",. \n-00017950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 \"cent\n-00017960: 6572 222c 2022 626f 7474 6f6d 222e 2020 er\", \"bottom\". \n-00017970: 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6365 6e74 Default is \"cent\n-00017980: 6572 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d63 6f6c er\"..desktop-col\n-00017990: 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 or Spec\n-000179a0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 ifies the color \n-000179b0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 for the backgrou\n-000179c0: 6e64 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nd if. \n-000179d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 *de\n-000179e0: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 7320 sktop-image* is \n-000179f0: 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 642e 0a74 not specified..t\n-00017a00: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7820 2020 2020 erminal-box \n-00017a10: 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 Specifies \n-00017a20: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7061 the file name pa\n-00017a30: 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 ttern for the. \n-00017a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017a50: 2020 2020 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 styled box \n-00017a60: 736c 6963 6573 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 slices used for \n-00017a70: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 the command. \n+00017920: 2020 2020 2020 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 to \"stretc\n+00017930: 6822 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 h\". Options are\n+00017940: 2022 746f 7022 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 \"top\",. \n+00017950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+00017960: 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 626f 7474 6f6d center\", \"bottom\n+00017970: 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 \". Default is \"\n+00017980: 6365 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 center\"..desktop\n+00017990: 2d63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 -color \n+000179a0: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 636f Specifies the co\n+000179b0: 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 6261 636b lor for the back\n+000179c0: 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 ground if. \n+000179d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000179e0: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a *desktop-image*\n+000179f0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 is not specifie\n+00017a00: 642e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7820 d..terminal-box \n+00017a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 Specif\n+00017a20: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d ies the file nam\n+00017a30: 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 e pattern for th\n+00017a40: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00017a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7479 6c65 6420 styled \n+00017a60: 626f 7820 736c 6963 6573 2075 7365 6420 box slices used \n+00017a70: 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a for the command.\n 00017a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017a90: 2020 206c 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c line terminal\n-00017aa0: 2077 696e 646f 772e 2020 466f 7220 6578 window. For ex\n-00017ab0: 616d 706c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ample,. \n-00017ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2274 \"t\n-00017ad0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 783a 2074 6572 erminal-box: ter\n-00017ae0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 2077 696c minal_*.png\" wil\n-00017af0: 6c20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l use. \n-00017b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n-00017b10: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 images \"termina\n-00017b20: 6c5f 632e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 l_c.png\" as the \n-00017b30: 6365 6e74 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 center. \n-00017b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 ar\n-00017b50: 6561 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6e2e ea, \"terminal_n.\n-00017b60: 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 png\" as the nort\n-00017b70: 6820 2874 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 h (top). \n-00017b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 e\n-00017b90: 6467 652c 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6e dge, \"terminal_n\n-00017ba0: 772e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f w.png\" as the no\n-00017bb0: 7274 6877 6573 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rthwest. \n-00017bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-00017bd0: 7570 7065 7220 6c65 6674 2920 636f 726e upper left) corn\n-00017be0: 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 er, and so on. \n-00017bf0: 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 If the. \n-00017c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696d im\n-00017c10: 6167 6520 666f 7220 616e 7920 736c 6963 age for any slic\n-00017c20: 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 e is not found, \n-00017c30: 6974 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 it will. \n-00017c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00017c50: 696d 706c 7920 6265 206c 6566 7420 656d imply be left em\n-00017c60: 7074 792e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f pty..terminal-bo\n-00017c70: 7264 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 rder Spec\n-00017c80: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 626f 7264 6572 ifies the border\n-00017c90: 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 width of the. \n-00017ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017cb0: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 terminal wi\n-00017cc0: 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d6c ndow..terminal-l\n-00017cd0: 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 eft Spe\n-00017ce0: 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 cifies the left \n-00017cf0: 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 206f 6620 7468 coordinate of th\n-00017d00: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 termina\n-00017d20: 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e l window..termin\n-00017d30: 616c 2d74 6f70 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al-top \n-00017d40: 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 Specifies the t\n-00017d50: 6f70 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6520 6f66 op coordinate of\n-00017d60: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00017d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d term\n-00017d80: 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 inal window..ter\n-00017d90: 6d69 6e61 6c2d 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 minal-width \n-00017da0: 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 Specifies th\n-00017db0: 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2074 e width of the t\n-00017dc0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 erminal. \n-00017dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 w\n-00017de0: 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d indow..terminal-\n-00017df0: 6865 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 height Sp\n-00017e00: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6865 6967 ecifies the heig\n-00017e10: 6874 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e ht of the termin\n-00017e20: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al. \n-00017e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6e64 6f77 window\n-00017e40: 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e34 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 ...7.3.4 Compone\n-00017e50: 6e74 2043 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e0a nt Construction.\n-00017e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00017e70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4772 ------------..Gr\n-00017e80: 6561 7465 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 6162 eater customizab\n-00017e90: 696c 6974 7920 636f 6d65 7320 6973 2070 ility comes is p\n-00017ea0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 706f rovided by compo\n-00017eb0: 6e65 6e74 732e 2020 4120 7472 6565 206f nents. A tree o\n-00017ec0: 660a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2066 6f72 f.components for\n-00017ed0: 6d73 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 696e 7465 ms the user inte\n-00017ee0: 7266 6163 652e 2020 2a43 6f6e 7461 696e rface. *Contain\n-00017ef0: 6572 732a 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ers* are compone\n-00017f00: 6e74 7320 7468 6174 0a63 616e 2063 6f6e nts that.can con\n-00017f10: 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6d 706f tain other compo\n-00017f20: 6e65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7265 nents, and there\n-00017f30: 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 2061 2073 696e is always a sin\n-00017f40: 676c 6520 726f 6f74 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 gle root.compone\n-00017f50: 6e74 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 616e 2069 nt which is an i\n-00017f60: 6e73 7461 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 202a 6361 nstance of a *ca\n-00017f70: 6e76 6173 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 722e nvas* container.\n-00017f80: 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 .. Components \n-00017f90: 6172 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 696e 2074 are created in t\n-00017fa0: 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 6279 he theme file by\n-00017fb0: 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2074 6865 2074 prefixing the t\n-00017fc0: 7970 6520 6f66 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 ype of.component\n-00017fd0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 272b 2720 7369 676e with a '+' sign\n-00017fe0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 9820 2b20 6c61 6265 :.. ... + labe\n-00017ff0: 6c20 7b20 7465 7874 3d22 4752 5542 2220 l { text=\"GRUB\" \n-00018000: 666f 6e74 3d22 6171 7569 2031 3122 2063 font=\"aqui 11\" c\n-00018010: 6f6c 6f72 3d22 2338 4646 2220 7d20 e280 olor=\"#8FF\" } ..\n-00018020: 990a 0a20 2020 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 ... properties\n-00018030: 206f 6620 6120 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 of a component \n-00018040: 6172 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 are specified as\n-00018050: 2022 6e61 6d65 203d 2076 616c 7565 2220 \"name = value\" \n-00018060: 2877 6869 7465 7370 6163 650a 7375 7272 (whitespace.surr\n-00018070: 6f75 6e64 696e 6720 746f 6b65 6e73 2069 ounding tokens i\n-00018080: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2069 s optional and i\n-00018090: 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 6429 2077 6865 7265 s ignored) where\n-000180a0: 202a 7661 6c75 652a 206d 6179 2062 653a *value* may be:\n-000180b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 . ... a single\n-000180c0: 2077 6f72 6420 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 616c word (e.g., \"al\n-000180d0: 6967 6e20 3d20 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 ign = center\", \"\n-000180e0: 636f 6c6f 7220 3d20 2346 4638 3038 3022 color = #FF8080\"\n-000180f0: 292c 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 7175 6f74 ),. ... a quot\n-00018100: 6564 2073 7472 696e 6720 2865 2e67 2e2c ed string (e.g.,\n-00018110: 2022 7465 7874 203d 2022 4865 6c6c 6f2c \"text = \"Hello,\n-00018120: 2057 6f72 6c64 2122 2229 2c20 6f72 0a20 World!\"\"), or. \n-00018130: 2020 e280 a220 6120 7475 706c 6520 2865 ... a tuple (e\n-00018140: 2e67 2e2c 2022 7072 6566 6572 7265 645f .g., \"preferred_\n-00018150: 7369 7a65 203d 2028 3132 302c 2038 3029 size = (120, 80)\n-00018160: 2229 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e35 2043 6f6d 706f \")...7.3.5 Compo\n-00018170: 6e65 6e74 204c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nent List.------\n-00018180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00018190: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 The following is\n-000181a0: 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 a list of the c\n-000181b0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 616e 6420 7468 omponents and th\n-000181c0: 6520 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2074 6865 e properties the\n-000181d0: 790a 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a 2020 20e2 y.support... .\n-000181e0: 80a2 206c 6162 656c 2041 206c 6162 656c .. label A label\n-000181f0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 6120 6c69 6e65 displays a line\n-00018200: 206f 6620 7465 7874 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 of text... \n-00018210: 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 2020 2020 Properties:. \n-00018220: 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n-00018230: 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 Set to \"__timeou\n-00018240: 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 t__\" to display \n-00018250: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 the time elapsed\n-00018260: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018270: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d to an autom\n-00018280: 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 atical boot of t\n-00018290: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 he default entry\n-000182a0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 7420 2020 2020 .. text \n-000182b0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2074 The text t\n-000182c0: 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 792e 2020 4966 2022 o display. If \"\n-000182d0: 6964 2220 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 id\" is set to. \n-000182e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000182f0: 2020 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 \"__timeout__\" \n-00018300: 616e 6420 6e6f 2022 7465 7874 2220 7072 and no \"text\" pr\n-00018310: 6f70 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 7468 operty is set th\n-00018320: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 en. \n-00018330: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 6d6f 756e the amoun\n-00018340: 7420 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2077 696c t of seconds wil\n-00018350: 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e20 2049 6620 l be shown. If \n-00018360: 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 set to. \n-00018370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 404b 4559 \"@KEY\n-00018380: 4d41 505f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 2022 404b MAP_SHORT@\", \"@K\n-00018390: 4559 4d41 505f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f EYMAP_MIDDLE@\" o\n-000183a0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n-000183b0: 2020 2020 2020 2240 4b45 594d 4150 5f4c \"@KEYMAP_L\n-000183c0: 4f4e 4740 2220 7468 656e 2070 7265 6465 ONG@\" then prede\n-000183d0: 6669 6e65 6420 686f 746b 6579 0a20 2020 fined hotkey. \n-000183e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000183f0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 696c information wil\n-00018400: 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 l be shown.. \n-00018410: 2066 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 font \n-00018420: 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 The font to use \n-00018430: 666f 7220 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 for text display\n-00018440: 2e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 .. color \n-00018450: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 The color \n-00018460: 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e 0a20 2020 of the text.. \n-00018470: 2020 616c 6967 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 align \n-00018480: 2054 6865 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 The horizontal \n-00018490: 616c 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6865 alignment of the\n-000184a0: 2074 6578 7420 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 text within the\n-000184b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000184c0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 component. \n-000184d0: 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 Options are \"le\n-000184e0: 6674 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 2220 616e ft\", \"center\" an\n-000184f0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n-00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2272 6967 6874 222e 0a20 \"right\".. \n-00018510: 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 visible \n-00018520: 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 Set to \"false\n-00018530: 2220 746f 2068 6964 6520 7468 6520 6c61 \" to hide the la\n-00018540: 6265 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 6d61 bel... ... ima\n-00018550: 6765 2041 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 ge A component t\n-00018560: 6861 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6e20 hat displays an \n-00018570: 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 image. The imag\n-00018580: 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 0a20 e is scaled to. \n-00018590: 2020 2020 6669 7420 7468 6520 636f 6d70 fit the comp\n-000185a0: 6f6e 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f onent... Pro\n-000185b0: 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2066 perties:.. f\n-000185c0: 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 ile Th\n-000185d0: 6520 6675 6c6c 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 e full path to t\n-000185e0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 746f he image file to\n-000185f0: 206c 6f61 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 load... ... p\n-00018600: 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 7220 4469 7370 rogress_bar Disp\n-00018610: 6c61 7973 2061 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 lays a horizonta\n-00018620: 6c6c 7920 6f72 6965 6e74 6564 2070 726f lly oriented pro\n-00018630: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 4974 2063 gress bar. It c\n-00018640: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2072 656e 6465 an. be rende\n-00018650: 7265 6420 7573 696e 6720 7369 6d70 6c65 red using simple\n-00018660: 2073 6f6c 6964 2066 696c 6c65 6420 7265 solid filled re\n-00018670: 6374 616e 676c 6573 2c20 6f72 2075 7369 ctangles, or usi\n-00018680: 6e67 2061 2070 6169 720a 2020 2020 206f ng a pair. o\n-00018690: 6620 7069 786d 6170 2073 7479 6c65 6420 f pixmap styled \n-000186a0: 626f 7865 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f boxes... Pro\n-000186b0: 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 perties:.. i\n-000186c0: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 d Se\n-000186d0: 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f t to \"__timeout_\n-000186e0: 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 _\" to display th\n-000186f0: 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 e time elapsed. \n-00018700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018710: 2020 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 to an automat\n-00018720: 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 ical boot of the\n-00018730: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a default entry..\n-00018740: 2020 2020 2066 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 fg_color \n-00018750: 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 The foregrou\n-00018760: 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 nd color for pla\n-00018770: 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 in solid color. \n-00018780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018790: 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 rendering.. \n-000187a0: 2020 2062 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 bg_color \n-000187b0: 2020 5468 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 The background\n-000187c0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e color for plain\n-000187d0: 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 solid color. \n-000187e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000187f0: 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 rendering.. \n-00018800: 2062 6f72 6465 725f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 border_color \n-00018810: 5468 6520 626f 7264 6572 2063 6f6c 6f72 The border color\n-00018820: 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 for plain solid\n-00018830: 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 color. \n-00018840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 rende\n-00018850: 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 745f ring.. text_\n-00018860: 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 color The te\n-00018870: 7874 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 xt color.. b\n-00018880: 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 5468 ar_style Th\n-00018890: 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 e styled box spe\n-000188a0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 cification for t\n-000188b0: 6865 2066 7261 6d65 206f 660a 2020 2020 he frame of. \n+00017a90: 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 6520 7465 726d line term\n+00017aa0: 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 2020 466f inal window. Fo\n+00017ab0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 r example,. \n+00017ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017ad0: 2020 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 783a \"terminal-box:\n+00017ae0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 terminal_*.png\"\n+00017af0: 2077 696c 6c20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2020 will use. \n+00017b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017b10: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2274 6572 the images \"ter\n+00017b20: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 632e 706e 6722 2061 7320 minal_c.png\" as \n+00017b30: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a20 2020 2020 the center. \n+00017b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017b50: 2020 6172 6561 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 area, \"termina\n+00017b60: 6c5f 6e2e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 l_n.png\" as the \n+00017b70: 6e6f 7274 6820 2874 6f70 290a 2020 2020 north (top). \n+00017b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017b90: 2020 2065 6467 652c 2022 7465 726d 696e edge, \"termin\n+00017ba0: 616c 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 al_nw.png\" as th\n+00017bb0: 6520 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 740a 2020 2020 e northwest. \n+00017bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017bd0: 2020 2028 7570 7065 7220 6c65 6674 2920 (upper left) \n+00017be0: 636f 726e 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f corner, and so o\n+00017bf0: 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 n. If the. \n+00017c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017c10: 2020 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 616e 7920 image for any \n+00017c20: 736c 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 slice is not fou\n+00017c30: 6e64 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 nd, it will. \n+00017c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017c50: 2020 2073 696d 706c 7920 6265 206c 6566 simply be lef\n+00017c60: 7420 656d 7074 792e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 t empty..termina\n+00017c70: 6c2d 626f 7264 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 l-border \n+00017c80: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 626f Specifies the bo\n+00017c90: 7264 6572 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 rder width of th\n+00017ca0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 termina\n+00017cc0: 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e l window..termin\n+00017cd0: 616c 2d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 al-left \n+00017ce0: 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 206c Specifies the l\n+00017cf0: 6566 7420 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 206f eft coordinate o\n+00017d00: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n+00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 ter\n+00017d20: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 minal window..te\n+00017d30: 726d 696e 616c 2d74 6f70 2020 2020 2020 rminal-top \n+00017d40: 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 Specifies t\n+00017d50: 6865 2074 6f70 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 he top coordinat\n+00017d60: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e of the. \n+00017d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017d80: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e terminal window.\n+00017d90: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 7769 6474 6820 .terminal-width \n+00017da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 Specifie\n+00017db0: 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 s the width of t\n+00017dc0: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 he terminal. \n+00017dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017de0: 2020 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 window..termi\n+00017df0: 6e61 6c2d 6865 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 nal-height \n+00017e00: 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 Specifies the \n+00017e10: 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 height of the te\n+00017e20: 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rminal. \n+00017e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 wi\n+00017e40: 6e64 6f77 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e34 2043 6f6d ndow...7.3.4 Com\n+00017e50: 706f 6e65 6e74 2043 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 ponent Construct\n+00017e60: 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ion.------------\n+00017e70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00017e80: 0a0a 4772 6561 7465 7220 6375 7374 6f6d ..Greater custom\n+00017e90: 697a 6162 696c 6974 7920 636f 6d65 7320 izability comes \n+00017ea0: 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2063 is provided by c\n+00017eb0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732e 2020 4120 7472 omponents. A tr\n+00017ec0: 6565 206f 660a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 ee of.components\n+00017ed0: 2066 6f72 6d73 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 forms the user \n+00017ee0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e 2020 2a43 6f6e interface. *Con\n+00017ef0: 7461 696e 6572 732a 2061 7265 2063 6f6d tainers* are com\n+00017f00: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 6174 0a63 616e ponents that.can\n+00017f10: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2063 contain other c\n+00017f20: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2074 omponents, and t\n+00017f30: 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 2061 here is always a\n+00017f40: 2073 696e 676c 6520 726f 6f74 0a63 6f6d single root.com\n+00017f50: 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 ponent which is \n+00017f60: 616e 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 an instance of a\n+00017f70: 202a 6361 6e76 6173 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 *canvas* contai\n+00017f80: 6e65 722e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 ner... Compone\n+00017f90: 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 nts are created \n+00017fa0: 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2066 696c in the theme fil\n+00017fb0: 6520 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2074 e by prefixing t\n+00017fc0: 6865 2074 7970 6520 6f66 0a63 6f6d 706f he type of.compo\n+00017fd0: 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 6120 272b 2720 nent with a '+' \n+00017fe0: 7369 676e 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 9820 2b20 sign:.. ... + \n+00017ff0: 6c61 6265 6c20 7b20 7465 7874 3d22 4752 label { text=\"GR\n+00018000: 5542 2220 666f 6e74 3d22 6171 7569 2031 UB\" font=\"aqui 1\n+00018010: 3122 2063 6f6c 6f72 3d22 2338 4646 2220 1\" color=\"#8FF\" \n+00018020: 7d20 e280 990a 0a20 2020 7072 6f70 6572 } ..... proper\n+00018030: 7469 6573 206f 6620 6120 636f 6d70 6f6e ties of a compon\n+00018040: 656e 7420 6172 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 ent are specifie\n+00018050: 6420 6173 2022 6e61 6d65 203d 2076 616c d as \"name = val\n+00018060: 7565 2220 2877 6869 7465 7370 6163 650a ue\" (whitespace.\n+00018070: 7375 7272 6f75 6e64 696e 6720 746f 6b65 surrounding toke\n+00018080: 6e73 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 ns is optional a\n+00018090: 6e64 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 6429 2077 nd is ignored) w\n+000180a0: 6865 7265 202a 7661 6c75 652a 206d 6179 here *value* may\n+000180b0: 2062 653a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 7369 be:. ... a si\n+000180c0: 6e67 6c65 2077 6f72 6420 2865 2e67 2e2c ngle word (e.g.,\n+000180d0: 2022 616c 6967 6e20 3d20 6365 6e74 6572 \"align = center\n+000180e0: 222c 2022 636f 6c6f 7220 3d20 2346 4638 \", \"color = #FF8\n+000180f0: 3038 3022 292c 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 080\"),. ... a \n+00018100: 7175 6f74 6564 2073 7472 696e 6720 2865 quoted string (e\n+00018110: 2e67 2e2c 2022 7465 7874 203d 2022 4865 .g., \"text = \"He\n+00018120: 6c6c 6f2c 2057 6f72 6c64 2122 2229 2c20 llo, World!\"\"), \n+00018130: 6f72 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 7475 706c or. ... a tupl\n+00018140: 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 7072 6566 6572 e (e.g., \"prefer\n+00018150: 7265 645f 7369 7a65 203d 2028 3132 302c red_size = (120,\n+00018160: 2038 3029 2229 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e35 2043 80)\")...7.3.5 C\n+00018170: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 204c 6973 740a 2d2d omponent List.--\n+00018180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00018190: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e --..The followin\n+000181a0: 6720 6973 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 g is a list of t\n+000181b0: 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 616e he components an\n+000181c0: 6420 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 d the properties\n+000181d0: 2074 6865 790a 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a they.support...\n+000181e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6162 656c 2041 206c ... label A l\n+000181f0: 6162 656c 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 6120 abel displays a \n+00018200: 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 7465 7874 2e0a 0a20 line of text... \n+00018210: 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a Properties:.\n+00018220: 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n+00018230: 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 Set to \"__ti\n+00018240: 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 meout__\" to disp\n+00018250: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 lay the time ela\n+00018260: 7073 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 psed. \n+00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 616e 2061 to an a\n+00018280: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 utomatical boot \n+00018290: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 of the default e\n+000182a0: 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 7420 ntry.. text \n+000182b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 The te\n+000182c0: 7874 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 792e 2020 xt to display. \n+000182d0: 4966 2022 6964 2220 6973 2073 6574 2074 If \"id\" is set t\n+000182e0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n+000182f0: 2020 2020 2020 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 \"__timeout\n+00018300: 5f5f 2220 616e 6420 6e6f 2022 7465 7874 __\" and no \"text\n+00018310: 2220 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 \" property is se\n+00018320: 7420 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t then. \n+00018330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 the a\n+00018340: 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 mount of seconds\n+00018350: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e20 will be shown. \n+00018360: 2049 6620 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 If set to. \n+00018370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+00018380: 404b 4559 4d41 505f 5348 4f52 5440 222c @KEYMAP_SHORT@\",\n+00018390: 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f 4d49 4444 4c45 \"@KEYMAP_MIDDLE\n+000183a0: 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 @\" or. \n+000183b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 4b45 594d \"@KEYM\n+000183c0: 4150 5f4c 4f4e 4740 2220 7468 656e 2070 AP_LONG@\" then p\n+000183d0: 7265 6465 6669 6e65 6420 686f 746b 6579 redefined hotkey\n+000183e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000183f0: 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e information\n+00018400: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a will be shown..\n+00018410: 2020 2020 2066 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 font \n+00018420: 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 The font to \n+00018430: 7573 6520 666f 7220 7465 7874 2064 6973 use for text dis\n+00018440: 706c 6179 2e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 play.. color\n+00018450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f The co\n+00018460: 6c6f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e lor of the text.\n+00018470: 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6967 6e20 2020 2020 . align \n+00018480: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e The horizon\n+00018490: 7461 6c20 616c 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 tal alignment of\n+000184a0: 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 7769 7468 696e the text within\n+000184b0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+000184c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 compone\n+000184d0: 6e74 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 nt. Options are\n+000184e0: 2022 6c65 6674 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 \"left\", \"center\n+000184f0: 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" and. \n+00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2272 6967 6874 \"right\n+00018510: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 \".. visible \n+00018520: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 2266 Set to \"f\n+00018530: 616c 7365 2220 746f 2068 6964 6520 7468 alse\" to hide th\n+00018540: 6520 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 e label... ...\n+00018550: 2069 6d61 6765 2041 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 image A compone\n+00018560: 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 nt that displays\n+00018570: 2061 6e20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 an image. The \n+00018580: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 image is scaled \n+00018590: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7420 7468 6520 to. fit the \n+000185a0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 component... \n+000185b0: 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 Properties:.. \n+000185c0: 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+000185d0: 2020 5468 6520 6675 6c6c 2070 6174 6820 The full path \n+000185e0: 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c to the image fil\n+000185f0: 6520 746f 206c 6f61 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 e to load... .\n+00018600: 80a2 2070 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 7220 .. progress_bar \n+00018610: 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2068 6f72 697a Displays a horiz\n+00018620: 6f6e 7461 6c6c 7920 6f72 6965 6e74 6564 ontally oriented\n+00018630: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 progress bar. \n+00018640: 4974 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2072 It can. be r\n+00018650: 656e 6465 7265 6420 7573 696e 6720 7369 endered using si\n+00018660: 6d70 6c65 2073 6f6c 6964 2066 696c 6c65 mple solid fille\n+00018670: 6420 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2c20 6f72 d rectangles, or\n+00018680: 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2070 6169 720a 2020 using a pair. \n+00018690: 2020 206f 6620 7069 786d 6170 2073 7479 of pixmap sty\n+000186a0: 6c65 6420 626f 7865 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 led boxes... \n+000186b0: 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 Properties:.. \n+000186c0: 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n+000186d0: 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 Set to \"__time\n+000186e0: 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 out__\" to displa\n+000186f0: 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 y the time elaps\n+00018700: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n+00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 to an aut\n+00018720: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 omatical boot of\n+00018730: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 the default ent\n+00018740: 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 675f 636f 6c6f ry.. fg_colo\n+00018750: 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 7265 r The fore\n+00018760: 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 ground color for\n+00018770: 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c plain solid col\n+00018780: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 rendering\n+000187a0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 .. bg_color \n+000187b0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6261 636b 6772 The backgr\n+000187c0: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 ound color for p\n+000187d0: 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 lain solid color\n+000187e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000187f0: 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a rendering..\n+00018800: 2020 2020 2062 6f72 6465 725f 636f 6c6f border_colo\n+00018810: 7220 2020 5468 6520 626f 7264 6572 2063 r The border c\n+00018820: 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 olor for plain s\n+00018830: 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 olid color. \n+00018840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n+00018850: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 endering.. t\n+00018860: 6578 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 5468 ext_color Th\n+00018870: 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e0a 2020 e text color.. \n+00018880: 2020 2062 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 bar_style \n+00018890: 2020 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 The styled box\n+000188a0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 specification f\n+000188b0: 6f72 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 206f 660a or the frame of.\n 000188c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000188d0: 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 the progress bar\n-000188e0: 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 . Example:. \n+000188d0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 the progress\n+000188e0: 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a bar. Example:.\n 000188f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018900: 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6672 616d 655f \"progress_frame_\n-00018910: 2a2e 706e 6722 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 *.png\" If the va\n-00018920: 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a lue is equal to.\n-00018930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018940: 2020 2020 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 \"highlight_s\n-00018950: 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f20 7374 tyle\" then no st\n-00018960: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 yled boxes will \n-00018970: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n-00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 shown.. \n-00018990: 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 highlight_sty\n-000189a0: 6c65 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 leThe styled box\n-000189b0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 specification f\n-000189c0: 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 or the highlight\n-000189d0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n-000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 region of\n-000189f0: 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 the progress ba\n-00018a00: 722e 2020 5468 6973 2062 6f78 2077 696c r. This box wil\n-00018a10: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l be. \n-00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f used to\n-00018a30: 2070 6169 6e74 206a 7573 7420 7468 6520 paint just the \n-00018a40: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 7265 6769 highlighted regi\n-00018a50: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 on of the. \n-00018a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 ba\n-00018a70: 722c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 r, and will be i\n-00018a80: 6e63 7265 6173 6564 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 ncreased in size\n-00018a90: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6261 720a 2020 2020 as the bar. \n+00018900: 2020 2020 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6672 \"progress_fr\n+00018910: 616d 655f 2a2e 706e 6722 2049 6620 7468 ame_*.png\" If th\n+00018920: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c e value is equal\n+00018930: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n+00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2268 6967 686c 6967 \"highlig\n+00018950: 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e ht_style\" then n\n+00018960: 6f20 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 o styled boxes w\n+00018970: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill be. \n+00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 686f 776e shown\n+00018990: 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 .. highlight\n+000189a0: 5f73 7479 6c65 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 _styleThe styled\n+000189b0: 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 box specificati\n+000189c0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c on for the highl\n+000189d0: 6967 6874 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ighted. \n+000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 696f regio\n+000189f0: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 n of the progres\n+00018a00: 7320 6261 722e 2020 5468 6973 2062 6f78 s bar. This box\n+00018a10: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n+00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 use\n+00018a30: 6420 746f 2070 6169 6e74 206a 7573 7420 d to paint just \n+00018a40: 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 the highlighted \n+00018a50: 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 region of the. \n+00018a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018a70: 2020 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 bar, and will \n+00018a80: 6265 2069 6e63 7265 6173 6564 2069 6e20 be increased in \n+00018a90: 7369 7a65 2061 7320 7468 6520 6261 720a size as the bar.\n 00018aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ab0: 6e65 6172 7320 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e nears completion\n-00018ac0: 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a20 2270 726f . Example: \"pro\n-00018ad0: 6772 6573 735f 686c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 222e gress_hl_*.png\".\n-00018ae0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018af0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 If the valu\n-00018b00: 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 2262 e is equal to \"b\n-00018b10: 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e ar_style\" then n\n-00018b20: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 styled box\n-00018b40: 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e es will be shown\n-00018b50: 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 .. highlight\n-00018b60: 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 4966 2074 6869 7320 _overlayIf this \n-00018b70: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f option is set to\n-00018b80: 2022 7472 7565 2220 7468 656e 2074 6865 \"true\" then the\n-00018b90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018ba0: 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2062 highlight b\n-00018bb0: 6f78 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 ox side slices (\n-00018bc0: 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 every slice exce\n-00018bd0: 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pt. \n-00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 the cente\n-00018bf0: 7220 736c 6963 6529 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 r slice) will ov\n-00018c00: 6572 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 erlay the frame \n-00018c10: 626f 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 box. \n-00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 6465 2073 6c69 side sli\n-00018c30: 6365 732e 2020 416e 6420 7468 6520 6365 ces. And the ce\n-00018c40: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 nter slice of th\n-00018c50: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 highlight \n-00018c70: 626f 7820 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c box can move all\n-00018c80: 2074 6865 2077 6179 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 the way (from t\n-00018c90: 6f70 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 op to. \n-00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d bottom\n-00018cb0: 292c 2062 6569 6e67 2064 7261 776e 206f ), being drawn o\n-00018cc0: 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 n the center sli\n-00018cd0: 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 ce of the. \n-00018ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 fr\n-00018cf0: 616d 6520 626f 782e 2020 5468 6174 2077 ame box. That w\n-00018d00: 6179 2077 6520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 2061 ay we can make a\n-00018d10: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 720a 2020 progress bar. \n-00018d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018d30: 2020 7769 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 with round-sha\n-00018d40: 7065 6420 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 ped edges so the\n-00018d50: 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 re won't be a fr\n-00018d60: 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ee. \n-00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f space fro\n-00018d80: 6d20 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 m the highlight \n-00018d90: 746f 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2069 6e20 to the frame in \n-00018da0: 746f 7020 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 top and. \n-00018db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 bott\n-00018dc0: 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6f73 om scrollbar pos\n-00018dd0: 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 itions. Default\n-00018de0: 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 is \"false\".. \n-00018df0: 2020 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 font \n-00018e00: 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 The font to use\n-00018e10: 2066 6f72 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 for progress ba\n-00018e20: 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7465 7874 2020 2020 r.. text \n-00018e30: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 7420 The text \n-00018e40: 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 206f 6e20 7468 to display on th\n-00018e50: 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 e progress bar. \n-00018e60: 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 If the. \n-00018e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f67 prog\n-00018e80: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2773 2049 4420 6973 ress bar's ID is\n-00018e90: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f set to \"__timeo\n-00018ea0: 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 ut__\" and. \n-00018eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 th\n-00018ec0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 e value of this \n-00018ed0: 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 property is set \n-00018ee0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n-00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 \"@TIMEOUT\n-00018f00: 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 5348 _NOTIFICATION_SH\n-00018f10: 4f52 5440 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ORT@\",. \n-00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d \"@TIM\n-00018f30: 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f EOUT_NOTIFICATIO\n-00018f40: 4e5f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 N_MIDDLE@\" or. \n-00018f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f60: 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n-00018f70: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e 4740 222c FICATION_LONG@\",\n-00018f80: 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a then GRUB will.\n-00018f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018fa0: 2020 2020 7570 6461 7465 2074 6869 7320 update this \n-00018fb0: 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2077 6974 6820 616e property with an\n-00018fc0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 6573 informative mes\n-00018fd0: 7361 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sage. \n-00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7320 7468 6520 as the \n-00018ff0: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6170 7072 6f61 6368 timeout approach\n-00019000: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6369 7263 es... ... circ\n-00019010: 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7320 4469 ular_progress Di\n-00019020: 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2063 6972 6375 6c61 splays a circula\n-00019030: 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2069 6e64 6963 r progress indic\n-00019040: 6174 6f72 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ator. The. \n-00019050: 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 appearance of th\n-00019060: 6973 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 is component is \n-00019070: 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 2062 7920 7477 determined by tw\n-00019080: 6f20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 7468 650a 2020 o images: the. \n-00019090: 2020 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a20 696d 6167 *center* imag\n-000190a0: 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 2a74 6963 6b2a e and the *tick*\n-000190b0: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2063 656e image. The cen\n-000190c0: 7465 7220 696d 6167 6520 6973 2067 656e ter image is gen\n-000190d0: 6572 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7267 erally. larg\n-000190e0: 6572 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 er and will be d\n-000190f0: 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 rawn in the cent\n-00019100: 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e er of the compon\n-00019110: 656e 742e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 ent. Around. \n-00019120: 2020 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 the circumfere\n-00019130: 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6972 636c 6520 nce of a circle \n-00019140: 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f within the compo\n-00019150: 6e65 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 7469 636b 2069 nent, the tick i\n-00019160: 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 mage. will b\n-00019170: 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6120 6365 7274 6169 e drawn a certai\n-00019180: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 n number of time\n-00019190: 732c 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 s, depending on \n-000191a0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 726f 7065 7274 the. propert\n-000191b0: 6965 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f ies of the compo\n-000191c0: 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 nent... Prop\n-000191d0: 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 erties:.. id\n-000191e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000191f0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 Set to \"__t\n-00019200: 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f 2064 6973 imeout__\" to dis\n-00019210: 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d 650a 2020 play the time. \n-00019220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 6170 7365 elapse\n-00019240: 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 d to an automati\n-00019250: 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 650a cal boot of the.\n-00019260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 defa\n-00019280: 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 2020 ult entry.. \n-00019290: 6365 6e74 6572 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2020 center_bitmap \n-000192a0: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 The file \n-000192b0: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 name of the imag\n-000192c0: 6520 746f 2064 7261 7720 696e 2074 6865 e to draw in the\n-000192d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e cen\n-000192f0: 7465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f ter of the compo\n-00019300: 6e65 6e74 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6963 6b5f nent.. tick_\n-00019310: 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bitmap \n-00019320: 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 The file name \n-00019330: 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 of the image to \n-00019340: 6472 6177 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 draw for. \n+00018ab0: 2020 2020 6e65 6172 7320 636f 6d70 6c65 nears comple\n+00018ac0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a20 tion. Example: \n+00018ad0: 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 686c 5f2a 2e70 \"progress_hl_*.p\n+00018ae0: 6e67 222e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng\".. \n+00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 If the \n+00018b00: 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 value is equal t\n+00018b10: 6f20 2262 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 o \"bar_style\" th\n+00018b20: 656e 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 en no. \n+00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 styled\n+00018b40: 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 boxes will be s\n+00018b50: 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c hown.. highl\n+00018b60: 6967 6874 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 4966 2074 ight_overlayIf t\n+00018b70: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n+00018b80: 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 2220 7468 656e t to \"true\" then\n+00018b90: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 highlig\n+00018bb0: 6874 2062 6f78 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 ht box side slic\n+00018bc0: 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 es (every slice \n+00018bd0: 6578 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 except. \n+00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 the c\n+00018bf0: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6529 2077 696c enter slice) wil\n+00018c00: 6c20 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6672 l overlay the fr\n+00018c10: 616d 6520 626f 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame box. \n+00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 6465 side\n+00018c30: 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 6420 7468 slices. And th\n+00018c40: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f e center slice o\n+00018c50: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n+00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 highli\n+00018c70: 6768 7420 626f 7820 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 ght box can move\n+00018c80: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2077 6179 2028 6672 all the way (fr\n+00018c90: 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 om top to. \n+00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f bo\n+00018cb0: 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 2064 7261 ttom), being dra\n+00018cc0: 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 wn on the center\n+00018cd0: 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 slice of the. \n+00018ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018cf0: 2020 6672 616d 6520 626f 782e 2020 5468 frame box. Th\n+00018d00: 6174 2077 6179 2077 6520 6361 6e20 6d61 at way we can ma\n+00018d10: 6b65 2061 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 ke a progress ba\n+00018d20: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 with round\n+00018d40: 2d73 6861 7065 6420 6564 6765 7320 736f -shaped edges so\n+00018d50: 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 there won't be \n+00018d60: 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 a free. \n+00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 space\n+00018d80: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 from the highli\n+00018d90: 6768 7420 746f 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 ght to the frame\n+00018da0: 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 640a 2020 2020 in top and. \n+00018db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018dc0: 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 bottom scrollbar\n+00018dd0: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 positions. Def\n+00018de0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e ault is \"false\".\n+00018df0: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 . font \n+00018e00: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 746f The font to\n+00018e10: 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2070 726f 6772 6573 use for progres\n+00018e20: 7320 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7465 7874 s bar.. text\n+00018e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 The t\n+00018e40: 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 206f ext to display o\n+00018e50: 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 n the progress b\n+00018e60: 6172 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ar. If the. \n+00018e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018e80: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2773 2049 progress bar's I\n+00018e90: 4420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 D is set to \"__t\n+00018ea0: 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 640a 2020 imeout__\" and. \n+00018eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018ec0: 2020 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 the value of t\n+00018ed0: 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 7320 his property is \n+00018ee0: 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 set to. \n+00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d \"@TIM\n+00018f00: 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f EOUT_NOTIFICATIO\n+00018f10: 4e5f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 0a20 2020 2020 N_SHORT@\",. \n+00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+00018f30: 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 @TIMEOUT_NOTIFIC\n+00018f40: 4154 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f ATION_MIDDLE@\" o\n+00018f50: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f \"@TIMEOUT_\n+00018f70: 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e NOTIFICATION_LON\n+00018f80: 4740 222c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 G@\", then GRUB w\n+00018f90: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill. \n+00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7570 6461 7465 2074 update t\n+00018fb0: 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2077 6974 his property wit\n+00018fc0: 6820 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 h an informative\n+00018fd0: 206d 6573 7361 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 message. \n+00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7320 as \n+00018ff0: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6170 7072 the timeout appr\n+00019000: 6f61 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 oaches... ... \n+00019010: 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 circular_progres\n+00019020: 7320 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2063 6972 s Displays a cir\n+00019030: 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2069 cular progress i\n+00019040: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 ndicator. The. \n+00019050: 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f appearance o\n+00019060: 6620 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 f this component\n+00019070: 2069 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 2062 is determined b\n+00019080: 7920 7477 6f20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 7468 y two images: th\n+00019090: 650a 2020 2020 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a20 e. *center* \n+000190a0: 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 2a74 image and the *t\n+000190b0: 6963 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 ick* image. The\n+000190c0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 696d 6167 6520 6973 center image is\n+000190d0: 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 generally. \n+000190e0: 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 larger and will \n+000190f0: 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 be drawn in the \n+00019100: 6365 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f center of the co\n+00019110: 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 mponent. Around\n+00019120: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d . the circum\n+00019130: 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6972 ference of a cir\n+00019140: 636c 6520 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2063 cle within the c\n+00019150: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 7469 omponent, the ti\n+00019160: 636b 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ck image. wi\n+00019170: 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6120 6365 ll be drawn a ce\n+00019180: 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rtain number of \n+00019190: 7469 6d65 732c 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 times, depending\n+000191a0: 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 726f on the. pro\n+000191b0: 7065 7274 6965 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 perties of the c\n+000191c0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 omponent... \n+000191d0: 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 Properties:.. \n+000191e0: 2020 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n+000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 Set to \n+00019200: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f \"__timeout__\" to\n+00019210: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d display the tim\n+00019220: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c el\n+00019240: 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f apsed to an auto\n+00019250: 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 matical boot of \n+00019260: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019280: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 default entry.. \n+00019290: 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 5f62 6974 6d61 center_bitma\n+000192a0: 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 p The f\n+000192b0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 ile name of the \n+000192c0: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 7720 696e image to draw in\n+000192d0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000192f0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 center of the c\n+00019300: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 omponent.. t\n+00019310: 6963 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 2020 ick_bitmap \n+00019320: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e The file n\n+00019330: 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 ame of the image\n+00019340: 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 to draw for. \n 00019350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019360: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 the tick ma\n-00019370: 726b 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d5f 7469 rks.. num_ti\n-00019380: 636b 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cks \n-00019390: 2054 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 The number of t\n-000193a0: 6963 6b73 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 icks that make u\n-000193b0: 7020 6120 6675 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 p a full. \n+00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 6963 the tic\n+00019370: 6b20 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 k marks.. nu\n+00019380: 6d5f 7469 636b 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 m_ticks \n+00019390: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 The number \n+000193a0: 6f66 2074 6963 6b73 2074 6861 7420 6d61 of ticks that ma\n+000193b0: 6b65 2075 7020 6120 6675 6c6c 0a20 2020 ke up a full. \n 000193c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000193d0: 2020 2020 2063 6972 636c 652e 0a20 2020 circle.. \n-000193e0: 2020 7469 636b 735f 6469 7361 7070 6561 ticks_disappea\n-000193f0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e r Boolean\n-00019400: 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e value indicatin\n-00019410: 6720 7768 6574 6865 7220 7469 636b 0a20 g whether tick. \n-00019420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6172 6b73 marks\n-00019440: 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f67 7265 7373 should progress\n-00019450: 6976 656c 7920 6170 7065 6172 2c20 6f72 ively appear, or\n-00019460: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f pro\n-00019480: 6772 6573 7369 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6170 gressively disap\n-00019490: 7065 6172 2061 7320 2a76 616c 7565 2a0a pear as *value*.\n-000194a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 7072 appr\n-000194c0: 6f61 6368 6573 202a 656e 642a 2e20 2053 oaches *end*. S\n-000194d0: 7065 6369 6679 2022 7472 7565 2220 6f72 pecify \"true\" or\n-000194e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6661 \"fa\n-00019500: 6c73 6522 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 lse\". Default i\n-00019510: 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 s \"false\".. \n-00019520: 7374 6172 745f 616e 676c 6520 2020 2020 start_angle \n-00019530: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6f73 6974 The posit\n-00019540: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ion of the first\n-00019550: 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 2074 6f0a 2020 tick mark to. \n-00019560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 appear\n-00019580: 206f 7220 6469 7361 7070 6561 722e 2020 or disappear. \n-00019590: 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 Measured in. \n+000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6972 636c 652e circle.\n+000193e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b 735f 6469 7361 . ticks_disa\n+000193f0: 7070 6561 7220 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f ppear Boo\n+00019400: 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 lean value indic\n+00019410: 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 7220 7469 ating whether ti\n+00019420: 636b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ck. \n+00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n+00019440: 6172 6b73 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f67 arks should prog\n+00019450: 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6170 7065 6172 ressively appear\n+00019460: 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 , or. \n+00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019480: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 6c79 2064 progressively d\n+00019490: 6973 6170 7065 6172 2061 7320 2a76 616c isappear as *val\n+000194a0: 7565 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue*. \n+000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000194c0: 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 202a 656e 642a approaches *end*\n+000194d0: 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 2022 7472 7565 . Specify \"true\n+000194e0: 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" or. \n+000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019500: 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 2044 6566 6175 \"false\". Defau\n+00019510: 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 lt is \"false\".. \n+00019520: 2020 2020 7374 6172 745f 616e 676c 6520 start_angle \n+00019530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 The p\n+00019540: 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 osition of the f\n+00019550: 6972 7374 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 2074 irst tick mark t\n+00019560: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n+00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 ap\n+00019580: 7065 6172 206f 7220 6469 7361 7070 6561 pear or disappea\n+00019590: 722e 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2069 6e0a r. Measured in.\n 000195a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6172 726f 7473 \"parrots\n-000195c0: 222c 2031 2022 7061 7272 6f74 2220 3d20 \", 1 \"parrot\" = \n-000195d0: 3120 2f20 3235 3620 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 1 / 256 of the. \n-000195e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 756c 6c20 full \n-00019600: 6369 7263 6c65 2e20 2055 7365 2076 616c circle. Use val\n-00019610: 7565 7320 2278 7878 2064 6567 2220 6f72 ues \"xxx deg\" or\n-00019620: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7878 \"xx\n-00019640: 7820 5c78 6332 5c78 6230 2220 746f 2073 x \\xc2\\xb0\" to s\n-00019650: 6574 2074 6865 2061 6e67 6c65 2069 6e0a et the angle in.\n-00019660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6772 degr\n-00019680: 6565 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f ees... ... boo\n-00019690: 745f 6d65 6e75 2044 6973 706c 6179 7320 t_menu Displays \n-000196a0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 the GRUB boot me\n-000196b0: 6e75 2e20 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 nu. It allows s\n-000196c0: 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2069 7465 6d73 0a20 electing items. \n-000196d0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e and executin\n-000196e0: 6720 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 g them... Pr\n-000196f0: 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 operties:.. \n-00019700: 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 item_font \n-00019710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n-00019720: 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f e font to use fo\n-00019730: 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a r the menu item.\n-00019740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6172 \"par\n+000195c0: 726f 7473 222c 2031 2022 7061 7272 6f74 rots\", 1 \"parrot\n+000195d0: 2220 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 3620 6f66 2074 \" = 1 / 256 of t\n+000195e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n+00019600: 756c 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 2e20 2055 7365 ull circle. Use\n+00019610: 2076 616c 7565 7320 2278 7878 2064 6567 values \"xxx deg\n+00019620: 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" or. \n+00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019640: 2022 7878 7820 5c78 6332 5c78 6230 2220 \"xxx \\xc2\\xb0\" \n+00019650: 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 6e67 6c65 to set the angle\n+00019660: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019680: 6465 6772 6565 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 degrees... ...\n+00019690: 2062 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 2044 6973 706c boot_menu Displ\n+000196a0: 6179 7320 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f ays the GRUB boo\n+000196b0: 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 7420 616c 6c6f t menu. It allo\n+000196c0: 7773 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2069 7465 ws selecting ite\n+000196d0: 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6563 ms. and exec\n+000196e0: 7574 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 uting them... \n+000196f0: 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 Properties:.. \n+00019700: 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 item_font \n+00019710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019720: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 The font to us\n+00019730: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 e for the menu i\n+00019740: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tem. \n 00019750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019760: 2020 2074 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 titles.. \n-00019770: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f 666f selected_item_fo\n-00019780: 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 nt Th\n-00019790: 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f e font to use fo\n-000197a0: 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 r the selected. \n-000197b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 titles.. \n+00019770: 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 selected_ite\n+00019780: 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m_font \n+00019790: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 The font to us\n+000197a0: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 e for the select\n+000197b0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n 000197c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197d0: 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 menu item, or \n-000197e0: 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 \"inherit\" (the. \n-000197f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c menu item,\n+000197e0: 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 or \"inherit\" (t\n+000197f0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 00019800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019810: 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 default) to us\n-00019820: 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2220 666f e \"item_font\" fo\n-00019830: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+00019810: 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 default) t\n+00019820: 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 o use \"item_font\n+00019830: 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" for. \n 00019840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019850: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 the selecte\n-00019860: 6420 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 d menu item as w\n-00019870: 656c 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f63 ell.. item_c\n-00019880: 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 olor \n-00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f The colo\n-000198a0: 7220 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 r to use for the\n-000198b0: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 2020 2020 menu item. \n+00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 656c the sel\n+00019860: 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 ected menu item \n+00019870: 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 as well.. it\n+00019880: 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 em_color \n+00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+000198a0: 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 color to use for\n+000198b0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 the menu item. \n 000198c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7469 ti\n-000198e0: 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 tles.. selec\n-000198f0: 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 ted_item_color \n-00019900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c The col\n-00019910: 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 or to use for th\n-00019920: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 e selected. \n+000198d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000198e0: 2020 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 titles.. s\n+000198f0: 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c elected_item_col\n+00019900: 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 or The\n+00019910: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f color to use fo\n+00019920: 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 r the selected. \n 00019930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 me\n-00019950: 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 nu item, or \"inh\n-00019960: 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 erit\" (the. \n+00019940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019950: 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 menu item, or \n+00019960: 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 \"inherit\" (the. \n 00019970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n-00019990: 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 fault) to use \"i\n-000199a0: 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7222 2066 6f72 0a20 tem_color\" for. \n-000199b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019990: 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 default) to us\n+000199a0: 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7222 2066 e \"item_color\" f\n+000199b0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n 000199c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000199d0: 2020 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 206d the selected m\n-000199e0: 656e 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 6c6c enu item as well\n-000199f0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 7769 6474 .. icon_widt\n-00019a00: 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h \n-00019a10: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f The width o\n-00019a20: 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e f menu item icon\n-00019a30: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.. \n+000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 the select\n+000199e0: 6564 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 ed menu item as \n+000199f0: 7765 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 636f 6e5f well.. icon_\n+00019a00: 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 width \n+00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 The wid\n+00019a20: 7468 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 th of menu item \n+00019a30: 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 icons.. \n 00019a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 4963 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 Icons are \n-00019a60: 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7370 scaled to the sp\n-00019a70: 6563 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ecified. \n+00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4963 6f6e 7320 Icons \n+00019a60: 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 are scaled to th\n+00019a70: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 e specified. \n 00019a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 697a 652e size.\n-00019aa0: 0a20 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f68 6569 6768 . icon_heigh\n-00019ab0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n-00019ac0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f The height o\n-00019ad0: 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e f menu item icon\n-00019ae0: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f68 6569 s.. item_hei\n-00019af0: 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ght \n-00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 The height\n-00019b10: 206f 6620 6561 6368 206d 656e 7520 6974 of each menu it\n-00019b20: 656d 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 em in. \n+00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00019aa0: 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f68 ize.. icon_h\n+00019ab0: 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eight \n+00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 The heig\n+00019ad0: 6874 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 ht of menu item \n+00019ae0: 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d icons.. item\n+00019af0: 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 _height \n+00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 The he\n+00019b10: 6967 6874 206f 6620 6561 6368 206d 656e ight of each men\n+00019b20: 7520 6974 656d 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 u item in. \n 00019b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e pixels.\n-00019b50: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f70 6164 6469 . item_paddi\n-00019b60: 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng \n-00019b70: 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f The amount o\n-00019b80: 6620 7370 6163 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c f space in pixel\n-00019b90: 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s to. \n+00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n+00019b50: 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f70 els.. item_p\n+00019b60: 6164 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 adding \n+00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 The amou\n+00019b80: 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 696e 2070 nt of space in p\n+00019b90: 6978 656c 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ixels to. \n 00019ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6176 6520 6f6e leave on\n-00019bc0: 2065 6163 6820 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 each side of th\n-00019bd0: 6520 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e menu. \n+00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6176 leav\n+00019bc0: 6520 6f6e 2065 6163 6820 7369 6465 206f e on each side o\n+00019bd0: 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 f the menu. \n 00019be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 656d 2063 item c\n-00019c00: 6f6e 7465 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 ontents.. it\n-00019c10: 656d 5f69 636f 6e5f 7370 6163 6520 2020 em_icon_space \n-00019c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-00019c30: 7370 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e space between an\n-00019c40: 2069 7465 6d27 7320 6963 6f6e 0a20 2020 item's icon. \n-00019c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 it\n+00019c00: 656d 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 em contents.. \n+00019c10: 2020 6974 656d 5f69 636f 6e5f 7370 6163 item_icon_spac\n+00019c20: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n+00019c30: 5468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 The space betwee\n+00019c40: 6e20 616e 2069 7465 6d27 7320 6963 6f6e n an item's icon\n+00019c50: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c70: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 7465 and the title te\n-00019c80: 7874 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 xt, in pixels.. \n-00019c90: 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f73 7061 6369 6e67 item_spacing\n-00019ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019cb0: 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 The amount of \n-00019cc0: 7370 6163 6520 746f 206c 6561 7665 0a20 space to leave. \n-00019cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019c70: 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 7469 746c and the titl\n+00019c80: 6520 7465 7874 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c e text, in pixel\n+00019c90: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f73 7061 s.. item_spa\n+00019ca0: 6369 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cing \n+00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 The amount\n+00019cc0: 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 746f 206c 6561 of space to lea\n+00019cd0: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve. \n 00019ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019cf0: 2020 6265 7477 6565 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 between menu i\n-00019d00: 7465 6d73 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e tems, in pixels.\n-00019d10: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 5f70 6978 6d61 . menu_pixma\n-00019d20: 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 p_style \n-00019d30: 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 The image fi\n-00019d40: 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 le pattern for t\n-00019d50: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00019cf0: 2020 2020 2020 6265 7477 6565 6e20 6d65 between me\n+00019d00: 6e75 2069 7465 6d73 2c20 696e 2070 6978 nu items, in pix\n+00019d10: 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 5f70 els.. menu_p\n+00019d20: 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 2020 ixmap_style \n+00019d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 The imag\n+00019d40: 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 e file pattern f\n+00019d50: 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 or the. \n 00019d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019d70: 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 menu frame\n-00019d80: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 782e 2020 4578 styled box. Ex\n-00019d90: 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ample:. \n+00019d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2066 menu f\n+00019d80: 7261 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 782e rame styled box.\n+00019d90: 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 Example:. \n 00019da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226d 656e 755f \"menu_\n-00019dc0: 2a2e 706e 6722 2028 7468 6973 2077 696c *.png\" (this wil\n-00019dd0: 6c20 7573 6520 696d 6167 6573 0a20 2020 l use images. \n-00019de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226d \"m\n+00019dc0: 656e 755f 2a2e 706e 6722 2028 7468 6973 enu_*.png\" (this\n+00019dd0: 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 696d 6167 6573 will use images\n+00019de0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e00: 7375 6368 2061 7320 226d 656e 755f 632e such as \"menu_c.\n-00019e10: 706e 6722 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 png\",. \n+00019e00: 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 7320 226d 656e such as \"men\n+00019e10: 755f 632e 706e 6722 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 u_c.png\",. \n 00019e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 5f77 \"menu_w\n-00019e40: 2e70 6e67 222c 2027 6d65 6e75 5f6e 772e .png\", 'menu_nw.\n-00019e50: 706e 6722 2c20 6574 632e 290a 2020 2020 png\", etc.). \n-00019e60: 2069 7465 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 item_pixmap_sty\n-00019e70: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 le T\n-00019e80: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 he image file pa\n-00019e90: 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 ttern for the. \n-00019ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 \"me\n+00019e40: 6e75 5f77 2e70 6e67 222c 2027 6d65 6e75 nu_w.png\", 'menu\n+00019e50: 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2c20 6574 632e 290a _nw.png\", etc.).\n+00019e60: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 item_pixmap\n+00019e70: 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _style \n+00019e80: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c The image fil\n+00019e90: 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 e pattern for th\n+00019ea0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 00019eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ec0: 2069 7465 6d20 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 item styled box\n-00019ed0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f .. selected_\n-00019ee0: 6974 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c item_pixmap_styl\n-00019ef0: 6520 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 e The image f\n-00019f00: 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 ile pattern for \n-00019f10: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00019ec0: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7374 796c 6564 item styled\n+00019ed0: 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 box.. selec\n+00019ee0: 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f ted_item_pixmap_\n+00019ef0: 7374 796c 6520 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 style The ima\n+00019f00: 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 ge file pattern \n+00019f10: 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n 00019f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 selected \n-00019f40: 6974 656d 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2073 item highlight s\n-00019f50: 7479 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tyled. \n+00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 selec\n+00019f40: 7465 6420 6974 656d 2068 6967 686c 6967 ted item highlig\n+00019f50: 6874 2073 7479 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 ht styled. \n 00019f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 box.. \n-00019f80: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2020 2020 scrollbar \n+00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f78 box\n+00019f80: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n 00019f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019fa0: 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 Boolean value i\n-00019fb0: 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 ndicating whethe\n-00019fc0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+00019fa0: 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c Boolean val\n+00019fb0: 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 ue indicating wh\n+00019fc0: 6574 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ether. \n 00019fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019fe0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 the scroll \n-00019ff0: 6261 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 bar should be dr\n-0001a000: 6177 6e20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 awn if. \n+00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 the scr\n+00019ff0: 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 oll bar should b\n+0001a000: 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 e drawn if. \n 0001a010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6672 the fr\n-0001a030: 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 756d 6220 7374 ame and thumb st\n-0001a040: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 0a20 2020 2020 yled boxes. \n+0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 th\n+0001a030: 6520 6672 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 756d e frame and thum\n+0001a040: 6220 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 0a20 b styled boxes. \n 0001a050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 ar\n-0001a070: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2e0a 2020 e configured.. \n-0001a080: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f66 7261 scrollbar_fra\n-0001a090: 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 me \n-0001a0a0: 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 The image file \n-0001a0b0: 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a pattern for the.\n-0001a0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a070: 2020 6172 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 are configured\n+0001a080: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n+0001a090: 5f66 7261 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _frame \n+0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 The image f\n+0001a0b0: 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 ile pattern for \n+0001a0c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a0e0: 2020 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 726f 6c6c entire scroll\n-0001a0f0: 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a bar. Example:.\n-0001a100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 entire sc\n+0001a0f0: 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 roll bar. Examp\n+0001a100: 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:. \n 0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a120: 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 2a2e \"scrollbar_*.\n-0001a130: 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c png\". scroll\n-0001a140: 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 2020 2020 2020 bar_thumb \n-0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 The imag\n-0001a160: 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 e file pattern f\n-0001a170: 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 or the. \n+0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \"scrollba\n+0001a130: 725f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 r_*.png\". sc\n+0001a140: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 2020 rollbar_thumb \n+0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+0001a160: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 image file patte\n+0001a170: 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 rn for the. \n 0001a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c scroll\n-0001a1a0: 2062 6172 2074 6875 6d62 2028 7468 6520 bar thumb (the \n-0001a1b0: 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 part of the. \n+0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n+0001a1a0: 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6875 6d62 2028 roll bar thumb (\n+0001a1b0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a the part of the.\n 0001a1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-0001a1e0: 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7468 6174 206d croll bar that m\n-0001a1f0: 6f76 6573 2061 7320 7363 726f 6c6c 696e oves as scrollin\n-0001a200: 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g. \n+0001a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a1e0: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7468 scroll bar th\n+0001a1f0: 6174 206d 6f76 6573 2061 7320 7363 726f at moves as scro\n+0001a200: 6c6c 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lling. \n 0001a210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a220: 2020 2020 206f 6363 7572 7329 2e20 2045 occurs). E\n-0001a230: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 xample:. \n+0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6363 7572 7329 occurs)\n+0001a230: 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 . Example:. \n 0001a240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f \"scro\n-0001a260: 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 2a2e 706e llbar_thumb_*.pn\n-0001a270: 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 g\". scrollba\n-0001a280: 725f 7468 756d 625f 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 r_thumb_overlay \n-0001a290: 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 If this op\n-0001a2a0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 tion is set to \"\n-0001a2b0: 7472 7565 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true\". \n+0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+0001a260: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f scrollbar_thumb_\n+0001a270: 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f *.png\". scro\n+0001a280: 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 6f76 6572 llbar_thumb_over\n+0001a290: 6c61 7920 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 lay If thi\n+0001a2a0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n+0001a2b0: 746f 2022 7472 7565 220a 2020 2020 2020 to \"true\". \n 0001a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 then th\n-0001a2e0: 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7468 756d e scrollbar thum\n-0001a2f0: 6220 7369 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 b side. \n+0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n+0001a2e0: 6e20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 n the scrollbar \n+0001a2f0: 7468 756d 6220 7369 6465 0a20 2020 2020 thumb side. \n 0001a300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6963 6573 slices\n-0001a320: 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 (every slice ex\n-0001a330: 6365 7074 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 cept the. \n+0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c sl\n+0001a320: 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 ices (every slic\n+0001a330: 6520 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 0a20 2020 e except the. \n 0001a340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 6e74 cent\n-0001a360: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c 206f er slice) will o\n-0001a370: 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 verlay the. \n+0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a360: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 center slice) wi\n+0001a370: 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 ll overlay the. \n 0001a380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n-0001a3a0: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 616d 6520 7369 rollbar frame si\n-0001a3b0: 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 640a de slices. And.\n-0001a3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a3a0: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 616d scrollbar fram\n+0001a3b0: 6520 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 e side slices. \n+0001a3c0: 416e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 And. \n 0001a3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3e0: 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c the center sl\n-0001a3f0: 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ice of the. \n+0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 the cente\n+0001a3f0: 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 r slice of the. \n 0001a400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n-0001a420: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 6361 rollbar_thumb ca\n-0001a430: 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 n move all the. \n-0001a440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a420: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d scrollbar_thum\n+0001a430: 6220 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 b can move all t\n+0001a440: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 0001a450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a460: 2020 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 746f 7020 way (from top \n-0001a470: 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 696e to bottom), bein\n-0001a480: 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g. \n+0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 way (from \n+0001a470: 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 top to bottom), \n+0001a480: 6265 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 being. \n 0001a490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 drawn on th\n-0001a4b0: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f e center slice o\n-0001a4c0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n+0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e 206f drawn o\n+0001a4b0: 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 n the center sli\n+0001a4c0: 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 ce of the. \n 0001a4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 scrollb\n-0001a4f0: 6172 2066 7261 6d65 2e20 2054 6861 7420 ar frame. That \n-0001a500: 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 way we can. \n+0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n+0001a4f0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 2e20 2054 ollbar frame. T\n+0001a500: 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e 0a20 hat way we can. \n 0001a510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 ma\n-0001a530: 6b65 2061 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 ke a scrollbar w\n-0001a540: 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d 7368 6170 6564 ith round-shaped\n-0001a550: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a530: 2020 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 make a scrollb\n+0001a540: 6172 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d 7368 ar with round-sh\n+0001a550: 6170 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 aped. \n 0001a560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a570: 2020 2020 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 edges so the\n-0001a580: 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 re won't be a fr\n-0001a590: 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ee. \n+0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 7320 736f edges so\n+0001a580: 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 there won't be \n+0001a590: 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 a free. \n 0001a5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d space from\n-0001a5c0: 2074 6865 2074 6875 6d62 2074 6f20 7468 the thumb to th\n-0001a5d0: 6520 6672 616d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e frame. \n+0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 space \n+0001a5c0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6875 6d62 2074 from the thumb t\n+0001a5d0: 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d 650a 2020 2020 o the frame. \n 0001a5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 746f in to\n-0001a600: 7020 616e 6420 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 p and bottom scr\n-0001a610: 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ollbar. \n+0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+0001a600: 6e20 746f 7020 616e 6420 626f 7474 6f6d n top and bottom\n+0001a610: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 2020 scrollbar. \n 0001a620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 positi\n-0001a640: 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 ons. Default is\n-0001a650: 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 \"false\".. s\n-0001a660: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2020 crollbar_slice \n-0001a670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n-0001a680: 206d 656e 7520 6672 616d 6520 7374 796c menu frame styl\n-0001a690: 6564 2062 6f78 2773 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 ed box's slice. \n-0001a6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f po\n+0001a640: 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 756c sitions. Defaul\n+0001a650: 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 t is \"false\".. \n+0001a660: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 scrollbar_sli\n+0001a670: 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce \n+0001a680: 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6672 616d 6520 The menu frame \n+0001a690: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2773 2073 6c69 styled box's sli\n+0001a6a0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce. \n 0001a6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a6c0: 2020 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 2073 in which the s\n-0001a6d0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 crollbar will be\n-0001a6e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 in which t\n+0001a6d0: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c he scrollbar wil\n+0001a6e0: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l be. \n 0001a6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a700: 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e2e 2020 506f 7373 drawn. Poss\n-0001a710: 6962 6c65 2076 616c 7565 7320 6172 650a ible values are.\n-0001a720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e2e 2020 drawn. \n+0001a710: 506f 7373 6962 6c65 2076 616c 7565 7320 Possible values \n+0001a720: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 are. \n 0001a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a740: 2020 2022 7765 7374 222c 2022 6365 6e74 \"west\", \"cent\n-0001a750: 6572 222c 2022 6561 7374 220a 2020 2020 er\", \"east\". \n+0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7765 7374 222c 2022 \"west\", \"\n+0001a750: 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 6561 7374 220a center\", \"east\".\n 0001a760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0001a780: 6465 6661 756c 7429 2e20 2022 7765 7374 default). \"west\n-0001a790: 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \" - the scrollba\n-0001a7a0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+0001a770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a780: 2020 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 2e20 2022 (default). \"\n+0001a790: 7765 7374 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f west\" - the scro\n+0001a7a0: 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 llbar. \n 0001a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 will be dra\n-0001a7d0: 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7765 7374 2073 wn in the west s\n-0001a7e0: 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lice. \n+0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 will be\n+0001a7d0: 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7765 drawn in the we\n+0001a7e0: 7374 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 st slice. \n 0001a7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2872 6967 6874 2d61 (right-a\n-0001a810: 6c69 676e 6564 292e 2020 2265 6173 7422 ligned). \"east\"\n-0001a820: 202d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 - the. \n+0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2872 6967 (rig\n+0001a810: 6874 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 2020 2265 ht-aligned). \"e\n+0001a820: 6173 7422 202d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ast\" - the. \n 0001a830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c scroll\n-0001a850: 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 bar will be draw\n-0001a860: 6e20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 n in the. \n+0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n+0001a850: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 rollbar will be \n+0001a860: 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 drawn in the. \n 0001a870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6561 7374 east\n-0001a890: 2073 6c69 6365 2028 6c65 6674 2d61 6c69 slice (left-ali\n-0001a8a0: 676e 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 gned).. \n+0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a890: 6561 7374 2073 6c69 6365 2028 6c65 6674 east slice (left\n+0001a8a0: 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 -aligned).. \n 0001a8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 \"cente\n-0001a8d0: 7222 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 r\" - the scrollb\n-0001a8e0: 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 ar will be. \n+0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 \"c\n+0001a8d0: 656e 7465 7222 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 enter\" - the scr\n+0001a8e0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 ollbar will be. \n 0001a8f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 dr\n-0001a910: 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 awn in the cente\n-0001a920: 7220 736c 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a0a r slice. Note:.\n-0001a930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a910: 2020 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 drawn in the c\n+0001a920: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 2020 4e6f enter slice. No\n+0001a930: 7465 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te:. \n 0001a940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a950: 2020 2069 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 2263 in case of \"c\n-0001a960: 656e 7465 7222 2073 6c69 6365 3a20 6129 enter\" slice: a)\n-0001a970: 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 If. \n+0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6361 7365 206f in case o\n+0001a960: 6620 2263 656e 7465 7222 2073 6c69 6365 f \"center\" slice\n+0001a970: 3a20 6129 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 : a) If. \n 0001a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c the scrol\n-0001a9a0: 6c62 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2064 lbar should be d\n-0001a9b0: 7261 776e 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 rawn then. \n+0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 the s\n+0001a9a0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 crollbar should \n+0001a9b0: 6265 2064 7261 776e 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 be drawn then. \n 0001a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f boo\n-0001a9e0: 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2773 2077 t menu entry's w\n-0001a9f0: 6964 7468 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 idth is. \n+0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a9e0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 boot menu entry\n+0001a9f0: 2773 2077 6964 7468 2069 730a 2020 2020 's width is. \n 0001aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6563 7265 decre\n-0001aa20: 6173 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7363 726f ased by the scro\n-0001aa30: 6c6c 6261 7227 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 llbar's width. \n-0001aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n+0001aa20: 6563 7265 6173 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 ecreased by the \n+0001aa30: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 7320 7769 6474 scrollbar's widt\n+0001aa40: 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n 0001aa50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa60: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 and the scrollb\n-0001aa70: 6172 2069 7320 6472 6177 6e20 6174 2074 ar is drawn at t\n-0001aa80: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+0001aa60: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6372 and the scr\n+0001aa70: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2069 7320 6472 6177 6e20 ollbar is drawn \n+0001aa80: 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 at the. \n 0001aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 7369 6465 right side\n-0001aab0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 of the center s\n-0001aac0: 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lice.. \n+0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 right \n+0001aab0: 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 side of the cent\n+0001aac0: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 er slice.. \n 0001aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 2920 4966 2074 b) If t\n-0001aaf0: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6f6e he scrollbar won\n-0001ab00: 2774 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e0a 2020 2020 't be drawn. \n+0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 2920 b) \n+0001aaf0: 4966 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 If the scrollbar\n+0001ab00: 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e0a won't be drawn.\n 0001ab10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-0001ab30: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e hen the boot men\n-0001ab40: 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 6474 680a u entry's width.\n-0001ab50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ab30: 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 then the boot\n+0001ab40: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 menu entry's wi\n+0001ab50: 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth. \n 0001ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab70: 2020 2069 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 is the width \n-0001ab80: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c of the center sl\n-0001ab90: 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ice.. \n+0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7320 7468 6520 7769 is the wi\n+0001ab80: 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 dth of the cente\n+0001ab90: 7220 736c 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 r slice.. \n 0001aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6329 2057 6520 646f c) We do\n-0001abc0: 6e27 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 6e65 n't necessary ne\n-0001abd0: 6564 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed the. \n+0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6329 2057 c) W\n+0001abc0: 6520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 e don't necessar\n+0001abd0: 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 y need the. \n 0001abe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2070 menu p\n-0001ac00: 6978 6d61 7020 626f 7820 746f 2064 6973 ixmap box to dis\n-0001ac10: 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 play the. \n+0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 me\n+0001ac00: 6e75 2070 6978 6d61 7020 626f 7820 746f nu pixmap box to\n+0001ac10: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 display the. \n 0001ac20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n-0001ac40: 6c6c 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f llbar.. scro\n-0001ac50: 6c6c 6261 725f 6c65 6674 5f70 6164 2020 llbar_left_pad \n-0001ac60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c65 The le\n-0001ac70: 6674 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 ft scrollbar pad\n-0001ac80: 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding in. \n+0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ac40: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 scrollbar.. \n+0001ac50: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6c65 6674 5f70 scrollbar_left_p\n+0001ac60: 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 ad Th\n+0001ac70: 6520 6c65 6674 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 e left scrollbar\n+0001ac80: 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 padding in. \n 0001ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c pixel\n-0001acb0: 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 s. Unused if. \n-0001acc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+0001acb0: 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 ixels. Unused i\n+0001acc0: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f. \n 0001acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ace0: 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 \"scrollbar_slic\n-0001acf0: 6522 2069 7320 2277 6573 7422 2e0a 2020 e\" is \"west\".. \n-0001ad00: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f72 6967 scrollbar_rig\n-0001ad10: 6874 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ht_pad \n-0001ad20: 2054 6865 2072 6967 6874 2073 6372 6f6c The right scrol\n-0001ad30: 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a lbar padding in.\n-0001ad40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ace0: 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f \"scrollbar_\n+0001acf0: 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2277 6573 7422 slice\" is \"west\"\n+0001ad00: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n+0001ad10: 5f72 6967 6874 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 _right_pad \n+0001ad20: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6967 6874 2073 The right s\n+0001ad30: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 crollbar padding\n+0001ad40: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n 0001ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad60: 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 pixels. Unus\n-0001ad70: 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed if. \n+0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 pixels. \n+0001ad70: 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 Unused if. \n 0001ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c \"scroll\n-0001ada0: 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2265 bar_slice\" is \"e\n-0001adb0: 6173 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c ast\".. scrol\n-0001adc0: 6c62 6172 5f74 6f70 5f70 6164 2020 2020 lbar_top_pad \n-0001add0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6f70 The top\n-0001ade0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 scrollbar paddi\n-0001adf0: 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng in. \n+0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 \"sc\n+0001ada0: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 rollbar_slice\" i\n+0001adb0: 7320 2265 6173 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 s \"east\".. s\n+0001adc0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6f70 5f70 6164 crollbar_top_pad\n+0001add0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n+0001ade0: 2074 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 top scrollbar p\n+0001adf0: 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 adding in. \n 0001ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e pixels.\n-0001ae20: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f . scrollbar_\n-0001ae30: 626f 7474 6f6d 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 bottom_pad \n-0001ae40: 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 The bottom s\n-0001ae50: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 crollbar padding\n-0001ae60: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n+0001ae20: 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c els.. scroll\n+0001ae30: 6261 725f 626f 7474 6f6d 5f70 6164 2020 bar_bottom_pad \n+0001ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 7474 The bott\n+0001ae50: 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 om scrollbar pad\n+0001ae60: 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding in. \n 0001ae70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 pixels.. \n-0001ae90: 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 visible \n+0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c pixel\n+0001ae90: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 s.. visible \n 0001aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aeb0: 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 6661 6c73 6522 Set to \"false\"\n-0001aec0: 2074 6f20 6869 6465 2074 6865 2062 6f6f to hide the boo\n-0001aed0: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n+0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 6661 Set to \"fa\n+0001aec0: 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 6869 6465 2074 6865 lse\" to hide the\n+0001aed0: 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot. \n 0001aee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aef0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 20e2 menu... .\n-0001af00: 80a2 2063 616e 7661 7320 4361 6e76 6173 .. canvas Canvas\n-0001af10: 2069 7320 6120 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 is a container \n-0001af20: 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d61 6e75 that allows manu\n-0001af30: 616c 2070 6c61 6365 6d65 6e74 206f 660a al placement of.\n-0001af40: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 components \n-0001af50: 7769 7468 696e 2069 742e 2020 4974 2064 within it. It d\n-0001af60: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 oes not alter th\n-0001af70: 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2069 e positions of i\n-0001af80: 7473 2063 6869 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 636f ts child. co\n-0001af90: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6173 mponents. It as\n-0001afa0: 7369 676e 7320 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6420 signs all child \n-0001afb0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6865 6972 components their\n-0001afc0: 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2073 697a 6573 preferred sizes\n-0001afd0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6862 6f78 2054 ... ... hbox T\n-0001afe0: 6865 202a 6862 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 he *hbox* contai\n-0001aff0: 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 7473 ner lays out its\n-0001b000: 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d 206c children from l\n-0001b010: 6566 7420 746f 2072 6967 6874 2c0a 2020 eft to right,. \n-0001b020: 2020 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 206f giving each o\n-0001b030: 6e65 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 ne its preferred\n-0001b040: 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2054 6865 2068 6569 width. The hei\n-0001b050: 6768 7420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6368 696c ght of each chil\n-0001b060: 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 746f d is. set to\n-0001b070: 2074 6865 206d 6178 696d 756d 206f 6620 the maximum of \n-0001b080: 7468 6520 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 the preferred he\n-0001b090: 6967 6874 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 ights of all chi\n-0001b0a0: 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2076 ldren... ... v\n-0001b0b0: 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a76 626f 782a 2063 box The *vbox* c\n-0001b0c0: 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c 6179 7320 6f75 ontainer lays ou\n-0001b0d0: 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c 6472 656e 2066 t its children f\n-0001b0e0: 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f rom top to botto\n-0001b0f0: 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7669 6e67 2065 m,. giving e\n-0001b100: 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 7320 7072 6566 ach one its pref\n-0001b110: 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2054 erred height. T\n-0001b120: 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 6561 6368 he width of each\n-0001b130: 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 child is. s\n-0001b140: 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 7869 6d75 et to the maximu\n-0001b150: 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 7265 6665 7272 m of the preferr\n-0001b160: 6564 2077 6964 7468 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c ed widths of all\n-0001b170: 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 372e 332e children...7.3.\n-0001b180: 3620 436f 6d6d 6f6e 2070 726f 7065 7274 6 Common propert\n-0001b190: 6965 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ies.------------\n-0001b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 -----------..The\n-0001b1b0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2070 726f 7065 following prope\n-0001b1c0: 7274 6965 7320 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 rties are suppor\n-0001b1d0: 7465 6420 6279 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d 706f ted by all compo\n-0001b1e0: 6e65 6e74 733a 0ae2 8098 6c65 6674 e280 nents:....left..\n-0001b1f0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6973 7461 .. The dista\n-0001b200: 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206c 6566 nce from the lef\n-0001b210: 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 6620 636f 6e74 t border of cont\n-0001b220: 6169 6e65 7220 746f 206c 6566 7420 626f ainer to left bo\n-0001b230: 7264 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 rder of. the\n-0001b240: 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2065 6974 6865 object in eithe\n-0001b250: 7220 6f66 2074 6872 6565 2066 6f72 6d61 r of three forma\n-0001b260: 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2078 2020 2020 2020 ts:. x \n-0001b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5661 6c75 6520 696e Value in\n-0001b280: 2070 6978 656c 730a 2020 2020 2070 2520 pixels. p% \n-0001b290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7263 Perc\n-0001b2a0: 656e 7461 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7025 2b78 entage. p%+x\n-0001b2b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6978 7475 mixtu\n-0001b2c0: 7265 206f 6620 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 746f re of both....to\n-0001b2d0: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6469 p.... The di\n-0001b2e0: 7374 616e 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 stance from the \n-0001b2f0: 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2063 left border of c\n-0001b300: 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6f20 6c65 6674 ontainer to left\n-0001b310: 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 border of. \n-0001b320: 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 the object in sa\n-0001b330: 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 7769 me format.....wi\n-0001b340: 6474 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 dth.... The \n-0001b350: 7769 6474 6820 6f66 206f 626a 6563 7420 width of object \n-0001b360: 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a in same format..\n-0001b370: e280 9868 6569 6768 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...height.... \n-0001b380: 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 The height of \n-0001b390: 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 object in same f\n-0001b3a0: 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 6964 e280 990a ormat.....id....\n-0001b3b0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 The identif\n-0001b3c0: 6965 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f 6d70 ier for the comp\n-0001b3d0: 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e onent. This can\n-0001b3e0: 2062 6520 616e 7920 6172 6269 7472 6172 be any arbitrar\n-0001b3f0: 790a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e 672e 2020 y. string. \n-0001b400: 5468 6520 4944 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 The ID can be us\n-0001b410: 6564 2062 7920 7363 7269 7074 7320 746f ed by scripts to\n-0001b420: 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6f75 refer to variou\n-0001b430: 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 s. component\n-0001b440: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2047 5549 2063 6f6d s in the GUI com\n-0001b450: 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 652e 2020 4375 ponent tree. Cu\n-0001b460: 7272 656e 746c 792c 2074 6865 7265 2069 rrently, there i\n-0001b470: 7320 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 s one. speci\n-0001b480: 616c 2049 4420 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 al ID value that\n-0001b490: 2047 5255 4220 7265 636f 676e 697a 6573 GRUB recognizes\n-0001b4a0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 225f 5f74 696d 656f :.. \"__timeo\n-0001b4b0: 7574 5f5f 2220 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 ut__\" Component\n-0001b4c0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 2049 4420 7769 with this ID wi\n-0001b4d0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7570 6461 7465 6420 6279 ll be updated by\n-0001b4e0: 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 GRUB. \n-0001b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 7769 and wi\n-0001b500: 6c6c 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 7469 6d65 ll indicate time\n-0001b510: 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2074 6f20 616e 2061 elapsed to an a\n-0001b520: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 utomatical. \n-0001b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n-0001b540: 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 oot of the defau\n-0001b550: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 6666 6563 lt entry. Affec\n-0001b560: 7465 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a ted components:.\n-0001b570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001b580: 2020 2020 226c 6162 656c 222c 2022 6369 \"label\", \"ci\n-0001b590: 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7322 rcular_progress\"\n-0001b5a0: 2c20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 7222 , \"progress_bar\"\n-0001b5b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0001b5c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 info, Node: Net\n-0001b5d0: 776f 726b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6572 work, Next: Ser\n-0001b5e0: 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 2050 ial terminal, P\n-0001b5f0: 7265 763a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 rev: Theme file \n-0001b600: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 format, Up: Top\n-0001b610: 0a0a 3820 426f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 ..8 Booting GRUB\n-0001b620: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 from the networ\n-0001b630: 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a k.**************\n+0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 752e 0a0a menu...\n+0001af00: 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 616e 7661 7320 4361 ... canvas Ca\n+0001af10: 6e76 6173 2069 7320 6120 636f 6e74 6169 nvas is a contai\n+0001af20: 6e65 7220 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 ner that allows \n+0001af30: 6d61 6e75 616c 2070 6c61 6365 6d65 6e74 manual placement\n+0001af40: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 of. compone\n+0001af50: 6e74 7320 7769 7468 696e 2069 742e 2020 nts within it. \n+0001af60: 4974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 It does not alte\n+0001af70: 7220 7468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 7320 r the positions \n+0001af80: 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 0a20 2020 of its child. \n+0001af90: 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 2049 components. I\n+0001afa0: 7420 6173 7369 676e 7320 616c 6c20 6368 t assigns all ch\n+0001afb0: 696c 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 ild components t\n+0001afc0: 6865 6972 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2073 heir preferred s\n+0001afd0: 697a 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6862 izes... ... hb\n+0001afe0: 6f78 2054 6865 202a 6862 6f78 2a20 636f ox The *hbox* co\n+0001aff0: 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 ntainer lays out\n+0001b000: 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 its children fr\n+0001b010: 6f6d 206c 6566 7420 746f 2072 6967 6874 om left to right\n+0001b020: 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 ,. giving ea\n+0001b030: 6368 206f 6e65 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 ch one its prefe\n+0001b040: 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2054 6865 rred width. The\n+0001b050: 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 height of each \n+0001b060: 6368 696c 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 child is. se\n+0001b070: 7420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6178 696d 756d t to the maximum\n+0001b080: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7072 6566 6572 7265 of the preferre\n+0001b090: 6420 6865 6967 6874 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c d heights of all\n+0001b0a0: 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 children... .\n+0001b0b0: 80a2 2076 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a76 626f .. vbox The *vbo\n+0001b0c0: 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c 6179 x* container lay\n+0001b0d0: 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c 6472 s out its childr\n+0001b0e0: 656e 2066 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 en from top to b\n+0001b0f0: 6f74 746f 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7669 ottom,. givi\n+0001b100: 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 7320 ng each one its \n+0001b110: 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 preferred height\n+0001b120: 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 . The width of \n+0001b130: 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a 2020 each child is. \n+0001b140: 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 set to the ma\n+0001b150: 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 7265 ximum of the pre\n+0001b160: 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 7320 6f66 ferred widths of\n+0001b170: 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a all children...\n+0001b180: 372e 332e 3620 436f 6d6d 6f6e 2070 726f 7.3.6 Common pro\n+0001b190: 7065 7274 6965 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d perties.--------\n+0001b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0001b1b0: 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2070 .The following p\n+0001b1c0: 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6172 6520 7375 roperties are su\n+0001b1d0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6279 2061 6c6c 2063 pported by all c\n+0001b1e0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 733a 0ae2 8098 6c65 omponents:....le\n+0001b1f0: 6674 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 ft.... The d\n+0001b200: 6973 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 istance from the\n+0001b210: 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 6620 left border of \n+0001b220: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f 206c 6566 container to lef\n+0001b230: 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 t border of. \n+0001b240: 2074 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2065 the object in e\n+0001b250: 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6872 6565 2066 ither of three f\n+0001b260: 6f72 6d61 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2078 2020 ormats:. x \n+0001b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5661 6c75 Valu\n+0001b280: 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 730a 2020 2020 e in pixels. \n+0001b290: 2070 2520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p% \n+0001b2a0: 5065 7263 656e 7461 6765 0a20 2020 2020 Percentage. \n+0001b2b0: 7025 2b78 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d p%+x m\n+0001b2c0: 6978 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f 7468 0ae2 ixture of both..\n+0001b2d0: 8098 746f 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ..top.... Th\n+0001b2e0: 6520 6469 7374 616e 6365 2066 726f 6d20 e distance from \n+0001b2f0: 7468 6520 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 the left border \n+0001b300: 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6f20 of container to \n+0001b310: 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a20 left border of. \n+0001b320: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 the object i\n+0001b330: 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 n same format...\n+0001b340: 8098 7769 6474 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ..width.... \n+0001b350: 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 206f 626a The width of obj\n+0001b360: 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d ect in same form\n+0001b370: 6174 2e0a e280 9868 6569 6768 74e2 8099 at.....height...\n+0001b380: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 . The height\n+0001b390: 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 of object in sa\n+0001b3a0: 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 6964 me format.....id\n+0001b3b0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6465 .... The ide\n+0001b3c0: 6e74 6966 6965 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 ntifier for the \n+0001b3d0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 5468 6973 component. This\n+0001b3e0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 6172 6269 can be any arbi\n+0001b3f0: 7472 6172 790a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e trary. strin\n+0001b400: 672e 2020 5468 6520 4944 2063 616e 2062 g. The ID can b\n+0001b410: 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 7363 7269 7074 e used by script\n+0001b420: 7320 746f 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7661 s to refer to va\n+0001b430: 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f rious. compo\n+0001b440: 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2047 5549 nents in the GUI\n+0001b450: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 652e component tree.\n+0001b460: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 2074 6865 Currently, the\n+0001b470: 7265 2069 7320 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 re is one. s\n+0001b480: 7065 6369 616c 2049 4420 7661 6c75 6520 pecial ID value \n+0001b490: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7265 636f 676e that GRUB recogn\n+0001b4a0: 697a 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 225f 5f74 izes:.. \"__t\n+0001b4b0: 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 2043 6f6d 706f imeout__\" Compo\n+0001b4c0: 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 2049 nent with this I\n+0001b4d0: 4420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7570 6461 7465 D will be update\n+0001b4e0: 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2020 d by GRUB. \n+0001b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e an\n+0001b500: 6420 7769 6c6c 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 d will indicate \n+0001b510: 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2074 6f20 time elapsed to \n+0001b520: 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 0a20 an automatical. \n+0001b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001b540: 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 boot of the d\n+0001b550: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 efault entry. A\n+0001b560: 6666 6563 7465 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ffected componen\n+0001b570: 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ts:. \n+0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 226c 6162 656c 222c \"label\",\n+0001b590: 2022 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 \"circular_progr\n+0001b5a0: 6573 7322 2c20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f ess\", \"progress_\n+0001b5b0: 6261 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 bar\".....File: g\n+0001b5c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0001b5d0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 204e 6578 743a Network, Next:\n+0001b5e0: 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c Serial terminal\n+0001b5f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 , Prev: Theme f\n+0001b600: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 2055 703a ile format, Up:\n+0001b610: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f 6f74 696e 6720 Top..8 Booting \n+0001b620: 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6e65 GRUB from the ne\n+0001b630: 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a twork.**********\n 0001b640: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001b650: 2a0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 *..The following\n-0001b660: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 646f instructions do\n-0001b670: 6e27 7420 776f 726b 2066 6f72 202a 2d65 n't work for *-e\n-0001b680: 6d75 2c20 6933 3836 2d71 656d 752c 0a69 mu, i386-qemu,.i\n-0001b690: 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 386-coreboot, i3\n-0001b6a0: 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 6d69 86-multiboot, mi\n-0001b6b0: 7073 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e2c 206d 6970 ps_loongson, mip\n-0001b6c0: 732d 6172 6320 616e 640a 6d69 7073 5f71 s-arc and.mips_q\n-0001b6d0: 656d 755f 6d69 7073 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 emu_mips.. To \n-0001b6e0: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 206e 6574 626f generate a netbo\n-0001b6f0: 6f74 6162 6c65 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 otable directory\n-0001b700: 2c20 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 , run:.. gru\n-0001b710: 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 b-mknetdir --net\n-0001b720: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 762f -directory=/srv/\n-0001b730: 7466 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 723d 2f62 tftp --subdir=/b\n-0001b740: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 2f75 7372 oot/grub -d /usr\n-0001b750: 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c70 6c61 7466 /lib/grub/.. E.g. f\n-0001b770: 6f72 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a0a 0a20 2020 or i386-pc:.. \n-0001b780: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 grub-mknetdir \n-0001b790: 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d --net-directory=\n-0001b7a0: 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 /srv/tftp --subd\n-0001b7b0: 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 ir=/boot/grub -d\n-0001b7c0: 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 /usr/lib/grub/i\n-0001b7d0: 3338 362d 7063 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 386-pc.. Then \n-0001b7e0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 follow instructi\n-0001b7f0: 6f6e 7320 7072 696e 7465 6420 6f75 7420 ons printed out \n-0001b800: 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 by grub-mknetdir\n-0001b810: 206f 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 696e 670a on configuring.\n-0001b820: 796f 7572 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 your DHCP server\n-0001b830: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6772 7562 2e63 ... The grub.c\n-0001b840: 6667 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 6c61 6365 fg file is place\n-0001b850: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 d in the same di\n-0001b860: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 6865 2070 rectory as the p\n-0001b870: 6174 6820 6f75 7470 7574 0a62 7920 6772 ath output.by gr\n-0001b880: 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 6865 7265 ub-mknetdir here\n-0001b890: 6166 7465 7220 7265 6665 7272 6564 2074 after referred t\n-0001b8a0: 6f20 6173 2046 5750 4154 482e 2047 5255 o as FWPATH. GRU\n-0001b8b0: 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 6561 7263 6820 666f B will search fo\n-0001b8c0: 720a 6974 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 r.its configurat\n-0001b8d0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e 206f 7264 ion files in ord\n-0001b8e0: 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 6f6c er using the fol\n-0001b8f0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2072 756c 6573 2077 6865 lowing rules whe\n-0001b900: 7265 2074 6865 0a61 7070 656e 6465 6420 re the.appended \n-0001b910: 7661 6c75 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 value correspond\n-0001b920: 7320 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 206f 6e20 s to a value on \n-0001b930: 7468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 206d 6163 6869 the client machi\n-0001b940: 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 ne... ...(FW\n-0001b950: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n-0001b960: 672d e280 9828 5555 4944 204f 4620 4d41 g-...(UUID OF MA\n-0001b970: 4348 494e 4529 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 CHINE).... .\n-0001b980: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n-0001b990: 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 284d 4143 2041 ub.cfg-...(MAC A\n-0001b9a0: 4444 5245 5353 204f 4620 4e49 4329 e280 DDRESS OF NIC)..\n-0001b9b0: 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 .. ...(FWPAT\n-0001b9c0: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 H).../grub.cfg-.\n-0001b9d0: 8098 2849 5076 3420 4f52 2049 5076 3620 ..(IPv4 OR IPv6 \n-0001b9e0: 4144 4452 4553 5329 e280 990a 2020 2020 ADDRESS).... \n-0001b9f0: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n-0001ba00: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 grub.cfg.. The\n-0001ba10: 2055 5549 4420 6973 2074 6865 2043 6c69 UUID is the Cli\n-0001ba20: 656e 7420 4d61 6368 696e 6520 4964 656e ent Machine Iden\n-0001ba30: 7469 6669 6572 204f 7074 696f 6e20 4465 tifier Option De\n-0001ba40: 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2061 730a 7370 6563 finition as.spec\n-0001ba50: 6966 6965 6420 696e 2052 4643 2034 3537 ified in RFC 457\n-0001ba60: 382e 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2077 8. The client w\n-0001ba70: 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d 7074 ill only attempt\n-0001ba80: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f75 6b20 7570 2061 2055 to loouk up a U\n-0001ba90: 5549 440a 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 UID.config file \n-0001baa0: 6966 2069 7420 7761 7320 7072 6f76 6964 if it was provid\n-0001bab0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4448 4350 2073 ed by the DHCP s\n-0001bac0: 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 erver... The c\n-0001bad0: 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c 7920 lient will only \n-0001bae0: 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f6f 6b20 attempt to look \n-0001baf0: 7570 2061 6e20 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 up an IPv6 addre\n-0001bb00: 7373 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6f6e 6365 2c0a ss config once,.\n-0001bb10: 686f 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c however, it will\n-0001bb20: 2074 7279 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 6d75 try the IPv4 mu\n-0001bb30: 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2e20 2054 ltiple times. T\n-0001bb40: 6865 2063 6f6e 6372 6574 6520 6578 616d he concrete exam\n-0001bb50: 706c 650a 6265 6c6f 7720 7368 6f77 7320 ple.below shows \n-0001bb60: 7768 6174 2077 6f75 6c64 2068 6170 7065 what would happe\n-0001bb70: 6e20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 4950 7634 n under the IPv4\n-0001bb80: 2063 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 5549 case... UUI\n-0001bb90: 443a 2037 3732 3661 3637 382d 3766 6330 D: 7726a678-7fc0\n-0001bba0: 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 2d63 3835 6163 -4853-a4f6-c85ac\n-0001bbb0: 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 2020 204d 4143 36a120a. MAC\n-0001bbc0: 3a20 2035 323a 3534 3a30 303a 6563 3a33 : 52:54:00:ec:3\n-0001bbd0: 333a 3831 0a20 2020 2020 4950 5634 3a20 3:81. IPV4: \n-0001bbe0: 3130 2e30 2e30 2e31 3330 2028 3041 3030 10.0.0.130 (0A00\n-0001bbf0: 3030 3832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 0082).. ...(\n-0001bc00: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n-0001bc10: 6366 672d 3737 3236 6136 3738 2d37 6663 cfg-7726a678-7fc\n-0001bc20: 302d 3438 3533 2d61 3466 362d 6338 3561 0-4853-a4f6-c85a\n-0001bc30: 6333 3661 3132 3061 0a20 2020 2020 e280 c36a120a. ..\n-0001bc40: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n-0001bc50: 622e 6366 672d 3532 2d35 342d 3030 2d65 b.cfg-52-54-00-e\n-0001bc60: 632d 3333 2d38 310a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 c-33-81. ...\n-0001bc70: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n-0001bc80: 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 320a 2020 .cfg-0A000082. \n-0001bc90: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n-0001bca0: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 ./grub.cfg-0A000\n-0001bcb0: 3038 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 08. ...(FWPA\n-0001bcc0: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n-0001bcd0: 3041 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 0A0000. ...(\n-0001bce0: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n-0001bcf0: 6366 672d 3041 3030 300a 2020 2020 20e2 cfg-0A000. .\n-0001bd00: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n-0001bd10: 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 300a 2020 2020 ub.cfg-0A00. \n-0001bd20: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n-0001bd30: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 0a20 2020 grub.cfg-0A0. \n-0001bd40: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n-0001bd50: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 0a20 2020 /grub.cfg-0A. \n-0001bd60: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n-0001bd70: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 300a 2020 2020 /grub.cfg-0. \n-0001bd80: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n-0001bd90: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 grub.cfg.. Thi\n-0001bda0: 7320 6665 6174 7572 6520 6973 2065 6e61 s feature is ena\n-0001bdb0: 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 bled by default \n-0001bdc0: 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 but it can be di\n-0001bdd0: 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e sabled by settin\n-0001bde0: 670a 7468 6520 e280 9866 6561 7475 7265 g.the ...feature\n-0001bdf0: 5f6e 6574 5f73 6561 7263 685f 6366 67e2 _net_search_cfg.\n-0001be00: 8099 2074 6f20 e280 986e e280 992e 2020 .. to ...n.... \n-0001be10: 5369 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2068 6170 7065 Since this happe\n-0001be20: 6e73 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a 636f ns before the.co\n-0001be30: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-0001be40: 2069 7320 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 is read by GRUB\n-0001be50: 2c20 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6861 , this option ha\n-0001be60: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 s to be disabled\n-0001be70: 2069 6e20 616e 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 in an.embedded \n-0001be80: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-0001be90: 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456d 6265 6464 le (*note Embedd\n-0001bea0: 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ed configuration\n-0001beb0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2047 ::)... After G\n-0001bec0: 5255 4220 6861 7320 7374 6172 7465 642c RUB has started,\n-0001bed0: 2066 696c 6573 206f 6e20 7468 6520 5446 files on the TF\n-0001bee0: 5450 2073 6572 7665 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 TP server will b\n-0001bef0: 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 0a76 6961 e accessible.via\n-0001bf00: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2874 6674 7029 e280 the ...(tftp)..\n-0001bf10: 9920 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 . device... Th\n-0001bf20: 6520 7365 7276 6572 2049 5020 6164 6472 e server IP addr\n-0001bf30: 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6f6e 7472 ess can be contr\n-0001bf40: 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2063 6861 6e67 696e olled by changin\n-0001bf50: 6720 7468 6520 e280 9828 7466 7470 29e2 g the ...(tftp).\n-0001bf60: 8099 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 ...device name t\n-0001bf70: 6f20 e280 9828 7466 7470 2c53 4552 5645 o ...(tftp,SERVE\n-0001bf80: 522d 4950 29e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 R-IP).... Note \n-0001bf90: 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 that this should\n-0001bfa0: 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 640a 626f 7468 be changed.both\n-0001bfb0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 2061 in the prefix a\n-0001bfc0: 6e64 2069 6e20 616e 7920 7265 6665 7265 nd in any refere\n-0001bfd0: 6e63 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7669 nces to the devi\n-0001bfe0: 6365 206e 616d 6520 696e 2074 6865 0a63 ce name in the.c\n-0001bff0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-0001c000: 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 e... GRUB prov\n-0001c010: 6964 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2065 6e76 ides several env\n-0001c020: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0001c030: 6573 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 6520 es which may be \n-0001c040: 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 696e 7370 6563 7420 used to.inspect \n-0001c050: 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6520 7468 6520 6265 or change the be\n-0001c060: 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2050 haviour of the P\n-0001c070: 5845 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 496e 2074 XE device. In t\n-0001c080: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a64 6573 he following.des\n-0001c090: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 203c 494e 5445 5246 cription is placehol\n-0001c0b0: 6465 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 der for the name\n-0001c0c0: 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 of network inte\n-0001c0d0: 7266 6163 650a 2870 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 rface.(platform \n-0001c0e0: 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7429 3a0a 0ae2 8098 dependent):.....\n-0001c0f0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-0001c100: 6970 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e ip.... The n\n-0001c110: 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 etwork interface\n-0001c120: 2773 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 's IP address. \n-0001c130: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e Read-only......n\n-0001c140: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d et__m\n-0001c150: 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e ac.... The n\n-0001c160: 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 etwork interface\n-0001c170: 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 's MAC address. \n-0001c180: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n-0001c190: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-0001c1a0: 636c 6965 6e74 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 clientid.... \n-0001c1b0: 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 6964 2070 The client id p\n-0001c1c0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e rovided by DHCP.\n-0001c1d0: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n-0001c1e0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-0001c1f0: 636c 6965 6e74 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 clientuuid.... \n-0001c200: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7575 The client uu\n-0001c210: 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 id provided by D\n-0001c220: 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a HCP. Read-only..\n-0001c230: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__hostname....\n-0001c250: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 The client \n-0001c260: 686f 7374 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 host name provid\n-0001c270: 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 ed by DHCP. Read\n-0001c280: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c -only......net_<\n-0001c290: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d 6169 INTERFACE>_domai\n-0001c2a0: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636c n.... The cl\n-0001c2b0: 6965 6e74 2064 6f6d 6169 6e20 6e61 6d65 ient domain name\n-0001c2c0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 provided by DHC\n-0001c2d0: 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 P. Read-only....\n-0001c2e0: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__rootpath.... \n-0001c300: 2020 2054 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 The path to t\n-0001c310: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7427 7320 726f 6f74 he client's root\n-0001c320: 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 disk provided b\n-0001c330: 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c y DHCP. Read-onl\n-0001c340: 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 y......net__extension\n-0001c360: 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 spath.... Th\n-0001c370: 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 6164 6469 7469 e path to additi\n-0001c380: 6f6e 616c 2044 4843 5020 7665 6e64 6f72 onal DHCP vendor\n-0001c390: 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 7072 6f76 extensions prov\n-0001c3a0: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 ided by DHCP.. \n-0001c3b0: 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 Read-only....\n-0001c3c0: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__boot_file.... \n-0001c3e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 2066 696c The boot fil\n-0001c3f0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 e name provided \n-0001c400: 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e by DHCP. Read-on\n-0001c410: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__dhcp_ser\n-0001c430: 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 ver_name.... \n-0001c440: 2054 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 The name of the\n-0001c450: 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2072 6573 DHCP server res\n-0001c460: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2074 6865 ponsible for the\n-0001c470: 7365 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 se boot paramete\n-0001c480: 7273 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e rs.. Read-on\n-0001c490: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__next_ser\n-0001c4b0: 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ver.... The \n-0001c4c0: 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 IP address of th\n-0001c4d0: 6520 6e65 7874 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c e next (usually,\n-0001c4e0: 2054 4654 5029 2073 6572 7665 7220 7072 TFTP) server pr\n-0001c4f0: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a ovided by DHCP..\n-0001c500: 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a Read-only..\n-0001c510: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ....net_default_\n-0001c520: 696e 7465 7266 6163 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 interface.... \n-0001c530: 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 Initially set \n-0001c540: 746f 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e 6574 776f to name of netwo\n-0001c550: 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2074 6861 rk interface tha\n-0001c560: 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f t was used to lo\n-0001c570: 6164 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2e20 2052 ad. grub. R\n-0001c580: 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f ead-write, altho\n-0001c590: 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 2061 ugh setting it a\n-0001c5a0: 6666 6563 7473 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 7465 ffects only inte\n-0001c5b0: 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 rpretation. \n-0001c5c0: 6f66 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c of ...net_defaul\n-0001c5d0: 745f 6970 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986e t_ip... and ...n\n-0001c5e0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 et_default_mac..\n-0001c5f0: 990a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c ......net_defaul\n-0001c600: 745f 6970 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 t_ip.... The\n-0001c610: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2064 IP address of d\n-0001c620: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 efault interface\n-0001c630: 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 . Read-only. T\n-0001c640: 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 his is alias for\n-0001c650: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 . the ...net\n-0001c660: 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 _${net_default_i\n-0001c670: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6970 e280 992e nterface}_ip....\n-0001c680: 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 .....net_default\n-0001c690: 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 _mac.... The\n-0001c6a0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 default interfa\n-0001c6b0: 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 ce's MAC address\n-0001c6c0: 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 . Read-only. T\n-0001c6d0: 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 his is alias for\n-0001c6e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 . the ...net\n-0001c6f0: 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 _${net_default_i\n-0001c700: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6d61 63e2 8099 nterface}_mac...\n-0001c710: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c ......net_defaul\n-0001c720: 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 t_server.... \n-0001c730: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6572 The default ser\n-0001c740: 7665 7220 7573 6564 2062 7920 6e65 7477 ver used by netw\n-0001c750: 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 ork drives (*not\n-0001c760: 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a e Device syntax:\n-0001c770: 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 7772 :).. Read-wr\n-0001c780: 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 ite, although se\n-0001c790: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e tting this is on\n-0001c7a0: 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6265 666f 7265 ly useful before\n-0001c7b0: 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 opening a. \n-0001c7c0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2e0a network device..\n-0001c7d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0001c7e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6572 6961 fo, Node: Seria\n-0001c7f0: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 204e 6578 l terminal, Nex\n-0001c800: 743a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d t: Vendor power-\n-0001c810: 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 on keys, Prev: \n-0001c820: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f Network, Up: To\n-0001c830: 700a 0a39 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 p..9 Using GRUB \n-0001c840: 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c 206c 696e via a serial lin\n-0001c850: 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a e.**************\n+0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f *****..The follo\n+0001b660: 7769 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e wing instruction\n+0001b670: 7320 646f 6e27 7420 776f 726b 2066 6f72 s don't work for\n+0001b680: 202a 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 3836 2d71 656d *-emu, i386-qem\n+0001b690: 752c 0a69 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 u,.i386-coreboot\n+0001b6a0: 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 , i386-multiboot\n+0001b6b0: 2c20 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e2c , mips_loongson,\n+0001b6c0: 206d 6970 732d 6172 6320 616e 640a 6d69 mips-arc and.mi\n+0001b6d0: 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 0a0a 2020 ps_qemu_mips.. \n+0001b6e0: 2054 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 206e To generate a n\n+0001b6f0: 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2064 6972 6563 etbootable direc\n+0001b700: 746f 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 tory, run:.. \n+0001b710: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d grub-mknetdir -\n+0001b720: 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f -net-directory=/\n+0001b730: 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 srv/tftp --subdi\n+0001b740: 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 r=/boot/grub -d \n+0001b750: 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c70 /usr/lib/grub/.. E.g\n+0001b770: 2e20 2066 6f72 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a0a . for i386-pc:.\n+0001b780: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 . grub-mknet\n+0001b790: 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 dir --net-direct\n+0001b7a0: 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d ory=/srv/tftp --\n+0001b7b0: 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 subdir=/boot/gru\n+0001b7c0: 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 b -d /usr/lib/gr\n+0001b7d0: 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 0a0a 2020 2054 ub/i386-pc.. T\n+0001b7e0: 6865 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2069 6e73 7472 hen follow instr\n+0001b7f0: 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 696e 7465 6420 uctions printed \n+0001b800: 6f75 7420 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 out by grub-mkne\n+0001b810: 7464 6972 206f 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 tdir on configur\n+0001b820: 696e 670a 796f 7572 2044 4843 5020 7365 ing.your DHCP se\n+0001b830: 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6772 rver... The gr\n+0001b840: 7562 2e63 6667 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 ub.cfg file is p\n+0001b850: 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d laced in the sam\n+0001b860: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 e directory as t\n+0001b870: 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f75 7470 7574 0a62 he path output.b\n+0001b880: 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 y grub-mknetdir \n+0001b890: 6865 7265 6166 7465 7220 7265 6665 7272 hereafter referr\n+0001b8a0: 6564 2074 6f20 6173 2046 5750 4154 482e ed to as FWPATH.\n+0001b8b0: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 6561 7263 GRUB will searc\n+0001b8c0: 6820 666f 720a 6974 7320 636f 6e66 6967 h for.its config\n+0001b8d0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e uration files in\n+0001b8e0: 206f 7264 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 order using the\n+0001b8f0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2072 756c 6573 following rules\n+0001b900: 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 0a61 7070 656e where the.appen\n+0001b910: 6465 6420 7661 6c75 6520 636f 7272 6573 ded value corres\n+0001b920: 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 ponds to a value\n+0001b930: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 206d on the client m\n+0001b940: 6163 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 achine... ..\n+0001b950: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n+0001b960: 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 5555 4944 204f b.cfg-...(UUID O\n+0001b970: 4620 4d41 4348 494e 4529 e280 990a 2020 F MACHINE).... \n+0001b980: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n+0001b990: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 284d ./grub.cfg-...(M\n+0001b9a0: 4143 2041 4444 5245 5353 204f 4620 4e49 AC ADDRESS OF NI\n+0001b9b0: 4329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 C).... ...(F\n+0001b9c0: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001b9d0: 6667 2de2 8098 2849 5076 3420 4f52 2049 fg-...(IPv4 OR I\n+0001b9e0: 5076 3620 4144 4452 4553 5329 e280 990a Pv6 ADDRESS)....\n+0001b9f0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001ba00: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 .../grub.cfg.. \n+0001ba10: 2054 6865 2055 5549 4420 6973 2074 6865 The UUID is the\n+0001ba20: 2043 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 6368 696e 6520 Client Machine \n+0001ba30: 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 204f 7074 696f Identifier Optio\n+0001ba40: 6e20 4465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2061 730a n Definition as.\n+0001ba50: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2052 4643 specified in RFC\n+0001ba60: 2034 3537 382e 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 4578. The clie\n+0001ba70: 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 nt will only att\n+0001ba80: 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f75 6b20 7570 empt to loouk up\n+0001ba90: 2061 2055 5549 440a 636f 6e66 6967 2066 a UUID.config f\n+0001baa0: 696c 6520 6966 2069 7420 7761 7320 7072 ile if it was pr\n+0001bab0: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4448 ovided by the DH\n+0001bac0: 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 CP server... T\n+0001bad0: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f he client will o\n+0001bae0: 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c nly attempt to l\n+0001baf0: 6f6f 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 4950 7636 2061 ook up an IPv6 a\n+0001bb00: 6464 7265 7373 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6f6e ddress config on\n+0001bb10: 6365 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 ce,.however, it \n+0001bb20: 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6865 2049 5076 will try the IPv\n+0001bb30: 3420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 4 multiple times\n+0001bb40: 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6e 6372 6574 6520 . The concrete \n+0001bb50: 6578 616d 706c 650a 6265 6c6f 7720 7368 example.below sh\n+0001bb60: 6f77 7320 7768 6174 2077 6f75 6c64 2068 ows what would h\n+0001bb70: 6170 7065 6e20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 appen under the \n+0001bb80: 4950 7634 2063 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 IPv4 case... \n+0001bb90: 2055 5549 443a 2037 3732 3661 3637 382d UUID: 7726a678-\n+0001bba0: 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 2d63 7fc0-4853-a4f6-c\n+0001bbb0: 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 2020 85ac36a120a. \n+0001bbc0: 204d 4143 3a20 2035 323a 3534 3a30 303a MAC: 52:54:00:\n+0001bbd0: 6563 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 2020 2020 4950 ec:33:81. IP\n+0001bbe0: 5634 3a20 3130 2e30 2e30 2e31 3330 2028 V4: 10.0.0.130 (\n+0001bbf0: 3041 3030 3030 3832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 0A000082).. \n+0001bc00: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001bc10: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3737 3236 6136 3738 rub.cfg-7726a678\n+0001bc20: 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 3466 362d -7fc0-4853-a4f6-\n+0001bc30: 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 0a20 2020 c85ac36a120a. \n+0001bc40: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n+0001bc50: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3532 2d35 342d /grub.cfg-52-54-\n+0001bc60: 3030 2d65 632d 3333 2d38 310a 2020 2020 00-ec-33-81. \n+0001bc70: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n+0001bc80: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 grub.cfg-0A00008\n+0001bc90: 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 2. ...(FWPAT\n+0001bca0: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 H).../grub.cfg-0\n+0001bcb0: 4130 3030 3038 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 A00008. ...(\n+0001bcc0: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n+0001bcd0: 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 cfg-0A0000. \n+0001bce0: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001bcf0: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 300a 2020 rub.cfg-0A000. \n+0001bd00: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n+0001bd10: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 300a ./grub.cfg-0A00.\n+0001bd20: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001bd30: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 .../grub.cfg-0A0\n+0001bd40: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n+0001bd50: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 ).../grub.cfg-0A\n+0001bd60: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n+0001bd70: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 300a ).../grub.cfg-0.\n+0001bd80: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001bd90: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 .../grub.cfg.. \n+0001bda0: 2054 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 6520 6973 This feature is\n+0001bdb0: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 enabled by defa\n+0001bdc0: 756c 7420 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 ult but it can b\n+0001bdd0: 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 7365 e disabled by se\n+0001bde0: 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 e280 9866 6561 tting.the ...fea\n+0001bdf0: 7475 7265 5f6e 6574 5f73 6561 7263 685f ture_net_search_\n+0001be00: 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 986e e280 cfg... to ...n..\n+0001be10: 992e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2068 .. Since this h\n+0001be20: 6170 7065 6e73 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 appens before th\n+0001be30: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e.configuration \n+0001be40: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7265 6164 2062 7920 file is read by \n+0001be50: 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f GRUB, this optio\n+0001be60: 6e20 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 n has to be disa\n+0001be70: 626c 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a65 6d62 6564 bled in an.embed\n+0001be80: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n+0001be90: 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456d n file (*note Em\n+0001bea0: 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 bedded configura\n+0001beb0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 tion::)... Aft\n+0001bec0: 6572 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7374 6172 er GRUB has star\n+0001bed0: 7465 642c 2066 696c 6573 206f 6e20 7468 ted, files on th\n+0001bee0: 6520 5446 5450 2073 6572 7665 7220 7769 e TFTP server wi\n+0001bef0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 ll be accessible\n+0001bf00: 0a76 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2874 6674 .via the ...(tft\n+0001bf10: 7029 e280 9920 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 p)... device... \n+0001bf20: 2020 5468 6520 7365 7276 6572 2049 5020 The server IP \n+0001bf30: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2063 address can be c\n+0001bf40: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2063 6861 ontrolled by cha\n+0001bf50: 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9828 7466 nging the ...(tf\n+0001bf60: 7470 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 tp)....device na\n+0001bf70: 6d65 2074 6f20 e280 9828 7466 7470 2c53 me to ...(tftp,S\n+0001bf80: 4552 5645 522d 4950 29e2 8099 2e20 204e ERVER-IP).... N\n+0001bf90: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 7368 ote that this sh\n+0001bfa0: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 640a ould be changed.\n+0001bfb0: 626f 7468 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6566 both in the pref\n+0001bfc0: 6978 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 616e 7920 7265 ix and in any re\n+0001bfd0: 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ferences to the \n+0001bfe0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 696e 2074 device name in t\n+0001bff0: 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he.configuration\n+0001c000: 2066 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 file... GRUB \n+0001c010: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c provides several\n+0001c020: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+0001c030: 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 iables which may\n+0001c040: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 696e 7370 be used to.insp\n+0001c050: 6563 7420 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6520 7468 ect or change th\n+0001c060: 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 e behaviour of t\n+0001c070: 6865 2050 5845 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 he PXE device. \n+0001c080: 496e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 In the following\n+0001c090: 0a64 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 203c 494e .description is plac\n+0001c0b0: 6568 6f6c 6465 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 eholder for the \n+0001c0c0: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 name of network \n+0001c0d0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2870 6c61 7466 interface.(platf\n+0001c0e0: 6f72 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7429 3a0a orm dependent):.\n+0001c0f0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__ip.... T\n+0001c110: 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 he network inter\n+0001c120: 6661 6365 2773 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 face's IP addres\n+0001c130: 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a s. Read-only...\n+0001c140: e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 ...net__mac.... T\n+0001c160: 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 he network inter\n+0001c170: 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 face's MAC addre\n+0001c180: 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a ss. Read-only..\n+0001c190: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__clientid....\n+0001c1b0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 The client \n+0001c1c0: 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 id provided by D\n+0001c1d0: 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a HCP. Read-only..\n+0001c1e0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__clientuuid..\n+0001c200: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e .. The clien\n+0001c210: 7420 7575 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 t uuid provided \n+0001c220: 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e by DHCP. Read-on\n+0001c230: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__hostname\n+0001c250: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 .... The cli\n+0001c260: 656e 7420 686f 7374 206e 616d 6520 7072 ent host name pr\n+0001c270: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 ovided by DHCP. \n+0001c280: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e Read-only......n\n+0001c290: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+0001c2a0: 6f6d 6169 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 omain.... Th\n+0001c2b0: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2064 6f6d 6169 6e20 e client domain \n+0001c2c0: 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 name provided by\n+0001c2d0: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n+0001c2e0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__rootpath..\n+0001c300: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6174 6820 .. The path \n+0001c310: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7427 7320 to the client's \n+0001c320: 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6f76 6964 root disk provid\n+0001c330: 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 ed by DHCP. Read\n+0001c340: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c -only......net_<\n+0001c350: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 656e INTERFACE>_exten\n+0001c360: 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 sionspath.... \n+0001c370: 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 6164 The path to ad\n+0001c380: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 4843 5020 7665 ditional DHCP ve\n+0001c390: 6e64 6f72 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 ndor extensions \n+0001c3a0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n+0001c3b0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 .. Read-only\n+0001c3c0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__boot_file.\n+0001c3e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 ... The boot\n+0001c3f0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 file name provi\n+0001c400: 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 ded by DHCP. Rea\n+0001c410: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n+0001c420: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 6370 _dhcp\n+0001c430: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a _server_name....\n+0001c440: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 The name of\n+0001c450: 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 the DHCP server\n+0001c460: 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 responsible for\n+0001c470: 2074 6865 7365 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7261 these boot para\n+0001c480: 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 meters.. Rea\n+0001c490: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n+0001c4a0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 7874 _next\n+0001c4b0: 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _server.... \n+0001c4c0: 5468 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f The IP address o\n+0001c4d0: 6620 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2028 7573 7561 f the next (usua\n+0001c4e0: 6c6c 792c 2054 4654 5029 2073 6572 7665 lly, TFTP) serve\n+0001c4f0: 7220 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 r provided by DH\n+0001c500: 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e CP.. Read-on\n+0001c510: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 ly......net_defa\n+0001c520: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 65e2 8099 ult_interface...\n+0001c530: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 . Initially \n+0001c540: 7365 7420 746f 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e set to name of n\n+0001c550: 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 etwork interface\n+0001c560: 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 2074 that was used t\n+0001c570: 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 o load. grub\n+0001c580: 2e20 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 . Read-write, a\n+0001c590: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 lthough setting \n+0001c5a0: 6974 2061 6666 6563 7473 206f 6e6c 7920 it affects only \n+0001c5b0: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 interpretation. \n+0001c5c0: 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 of ...net_de\n+0001c5d0: 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 9920 616e 6420 fault_ip... and \n+0001c5e0: e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d ...net_default_m\n+0001c5f0: 6163 e280 990a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 ac........net_de\n+0001c600: 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 990a 2020 2020 fault_ip.... \n+0001c610: 2054 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 The IP address \n+0001c620: 6f66 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 of default inter\n+0001c630: 6661 6365 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 face. Read-only\n+0001c640: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 . This is alias\n+0001c650: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 for. the ..\n+0001c660: 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 .net_${net_defau\n+0001c670: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6970 lt_interface}_ip\n+0001c680: e280 992e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 .........net_def\n+0001c690: 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 ault_mac.... \n+0001c6a0: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 The default int\n+0001c6b0: 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 erface's MAC add\n+0001c6c0: 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 ress. Read-only\n+0001c6d0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 . This is alias\n+0001c6e0: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 for. the ..\n+0001c6f0: 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 .net_${net_defau\n+0001c700: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6d61 lt_interface}_ma\n+0001c710: 63e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 c.........net_de\n+0001c720: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 990a fault_server....\n+0001c730: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n+0001c740: 2073 6572 7665 7220 7573 6564 2062 7920 server used by \n+0001c750: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2028 network drives (\n+0001c760: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e *note Device syn\n+0001c770: 7461 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 tax::).. Rea\n+0001c780: 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 d-write, althoug\n+0001c790: 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2069 h setting this i\n+0001c7a0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6265 s only useful be\n+0001c7b0: 666f 7265 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2061 0a20 fore opening a. \n+0001c7c0: 2020 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6465 7669 network devi\n+0001c7d0: 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ce.....File: gru\n+0001c7e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 b.info, Node: S\n+0001c7f0: 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 erial terminal, \n+0001c800: 204e 6578 743a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f Next: Vendor po\n+0001c810: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5072 wer-on keys, Pr\n+0001c820: 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 5570 ev: Network, Up\n+0001c830: 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2055 7369 6e67 2047 : Top..9 Using G\n+0001c840: 5255 4220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c RUB via a serial\n+0001c850: 206c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a line.**********\n 0001c860: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c870: 0a0a 5468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2064 ..This chapter d\n-0001c880: 6573 6372 6962 6573 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 escribes how to \n-0001c890: 7573 6520 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2074 use the serial t\n-0001c8a0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 erminal support \n-0001c8b0: 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 in GRUB... If \n-0001c8c0: 796f 7520 6861 7665 206d 616e 7920 636f you have many co\n-0001c8d0: 6d70 7574 6572 7320 6f72 2063 6f6d 7075 mputers or compu\n-0001c8e0: 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2064 6973 ters with no dis\n-0001c8f0: 706c 6179 2f6b 6579 626f 6172 642c 2069 play/keyboard, i\n-0001c900: 740a 636f 756c 6420 6265 2076 6572 7920 t.could be very \n-0001c910: 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f useful to contro\n-0001c920: 6c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 l the computers \n-0001c930: 7468 726f 7567 6820 7365 7269 616c 0a63 through serial.c\n-0001c940: 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 ommunications. \n-0001c950: 546f 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 206f 6e65 2063 To connect one c\n-0001c960: 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7769 7468 2061 6e6f omputer with ano\n-0001c970: 7468 6572 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 ther via a seria\n-0001c980: 6c20 6c69 6e65 2c0a 796f 7520 6e65 6564 l line,.you need\n-0001c990: 2074 6f20 7072 6570 6172 6520 6120 6e75 to prepare a nu\n-0001c9a0: 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 656d 2028 6372 6f73 7329 ll-modem (cross)\n-0001c9b0: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6361 626c 652c 2061 serial cable, a\n-0001c9c0: 6e64 2079 6f75 206d 6179 206e 6565 640a nd you may need.\n-0001c9d0: 746f 2068 6176 6520 6d75 6c74 6970 6f72 to have multipor\n-0001c9e0: 7420 7365 7269 616c 2062 6f61 7264 732c t serial boards,\n-0001c9f0: 2069 6620 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 if your compute\n-0001ca00: 7220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2065 r doesn't have e\n-0001ca10: 7874 7261 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 xtra.serial port\n-0001ca20: 732e 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e2c s. In addition,\n-0001ca30: 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c a terminal emul\n-0001ca40: 6174 6f72 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 ator is also req\n-0001ca50: 7569 7265 642c 2073 7563 680a 6173 206d uired, such.as m\n-0001ca60: 696e 6963 6f6d 2e20 2052 6566 6572 2074 inicom. Refer t\n-0001ca70: 6f20 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 6620 796f o a manual of yo\n-0001ca80: 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ur operating sys\n-0001ca90: 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e tem, for more.in\n-0001caa0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 formation... A\n-0001cab0: 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 s for GRUB, the \n-0001cac0: 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2073 instruction to s\n-0001cad0: 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2074 et up a serial t\n-0001cae0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 2071 7569 7465 erminal is quite\n-0001caf0: 0a73 696d 706c 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 .simple. Here i\n-0001cb00: 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 s an example:.. \n-0001cb10: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7365 7269 616c grub> serial\n-0001cb20: 202d 2d75 6e69 743d 3020 2d2d 7370 6565 --unit=0 --spee\n-0001cb30: 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 d=9600. grub\n-0001cb40: 3e20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 > terminal_input\n-0001cb50: 2073 6572 6961 6c3b 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 serial; termina\n-0001cb60: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c0a l_output serial.\n-0001cb70: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . The command \n-0001cb80: e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2069 6e69 ...serial... ini\n-0001cb90: 7469 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2073 6572 tializes the ser\n-0001cba0: 6961 6c20 756e 6974 2030 2077 6974 6820 ial unit 0 with \n-0001cbb0: 7468 6520 7370 6565 640a 3936 3030 6270 the speed.9600bp\n-0001cbc0: 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2075 s. The serial u\n-0001cbd0: 6e69 7420 3020 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 nit 0 is usually\n-0001cbe0: 2063 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9843 4f4d 31e2 called ...COM1.\n-0001cbf0: 8099 2c20 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 .., so, if you w\n-0001cc00: 616e 7420 746f 0a75 7365 2043 4f4d 322c ant to.use COM2,\n-0001cc10: 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 you must specif\n-0001cc20: 7920 e280 982d 2d75 6e69 743d 31e2 8099 y ...--unit=1...\n-0001cc30: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 2054 6869 7320 instead. This \n-0001cc40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6163 6365 7074 730a command accepts.\n-0001cc50: 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206f 7074 696f many other optio\n-0001cc60: 6e73 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 7269 616c ns, *note serial\n-0001cc70: 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 :: for more deta\n-0001cc80: 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d ils... The com\n-0001cc90: 6d61 6e64 7320 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 mands ...termina\n-0001cca0: 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 l_input... (*not\n-0001ccb0: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 e terminal_input\n-0001ccc0: 3a3a 2920 616e 640a e280 9874 6572 6d69 ::) and....termi\n-0001ccd0: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 9920 282a nal_output... (*\n-0001cce0: 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 note terminal_ou\n-0001ccf0: 7470 7574 3a3a 2920 6368 6f6f 7365 2077 tput::) choose w\n-0001cd00: 6869 6368 2074 7970 6520 6f66 0a74 6572 hich type of.ter\n-0001cd10: 6d69 6e61 6c20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 minal you want t\n-0001cd20: 6f20 7573 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2063 o use. In the c\n-0001cd30: 6173 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2074 6865 2074 ase above, the t\n-0001cd40: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 erminal will be \n-0001cd50: 610a 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 a.serial termina\n-0001cd60: 6c2c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2061 l, but you can a\n-0001cd70: 6c73 6f20 7061 7373 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 lso pass ...cons\n-0001cd80: 6f6c 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f ole... to the co\n-0001cd90: 6d6d 616e 642c 2061 730a e280 9874 6572 mmand, as....ter\n-0001cda0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 7365 7269 minal_input seri\n-0001cdb0: 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 992e 2020 al console.... \n-0001cdc0: 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c20 6120 In this case, a \n-0001cdd0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 terminal in whic\n-0001cde0: 6820 796f 750a 7072 6573 7320 616e 7920 h you.press any \n-0001cdf0: 6b65 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 key will be sele\n-0001ce00: 6374 6564 2061 7320 6120 4752 5542 2074 cted as a GRUB t\n-0001ce10: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 496e 2074 6865 erminal. In the\n-0001ce20: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a61 626f 7665 2c20 example.above, \n-0001ce30: 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6e65 note that you ne\n-0001ce40: 6564 2074 6f20 7075 7420 626f 7468 2063 ed to put both c\n-0001ce50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 ommands on the s\n-0001ce60: 616d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 ame command line\n-0001ce70: 2c0a 6173 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f ,.as you will lo\n-0001ce80: 7365 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 se the ability t\n-0001ce90: 6f20 7479 7065 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 o type commands \n-0001cea0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 on the console a\n-0001ceb0: 6674 6572 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2063 fter the.first c\n-0001cec0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 ommand... Howe\n-0001ced0: 7665 722c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 ver, note that G\n-0001cee0: 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6174 RUB assumes that\n-0001cef0: 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 your terminal e\n-0001cf00: 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 0a63 6f6d 7061 mulator is.compa\n-0001cf10: 7469 626c 6520 7769 7468 2056 5431 3030 tible with VT100\n-0001cf20: 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 by default. Th\n-0001cf30: 6973 2069 7320 7472 7565 2066 6f72 206d is is true for m\n-0001cf40: 6f73 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a65 6d75 ost terminal.emu\n-0001cf50: 6c61 746f 7273 206e 6f77 6164 6179 732c lators nowadays,\n-0001cf60: 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 but you should \n-0001cf70: 7061 7373 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 pass the option \n-0001cf80: e280 982d 2d64 756d 62e2 8099 2074 6f20 ...--dumb... to \n-0001cf90: 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6966 2079 the.command if y\n-0001cfa0: 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 our terminal emu\n-0001cfb0: 6c61 746f 7220 6973 206e 6f74 2056 5431 lator is not VT1\n-0001cfc0: 3030 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f72 00-compatible or\n-0001cfd0: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 6665 7720 implements.few \n-0001cfe0: 5654 3130 3020 6573 6361 7065 2073 6571 VT100 escape seq\n-0001cff0: 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 uences. If you \n-0001d000: 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6973 206f 7074 specify this opt\n-0001d010: 696f 6e20 7468 656e 2047 5255 420a 7072 ion then GRUB.pr\n-0001d020: 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 ovides you with \n-0001d030: 616e 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d an alternative m\n-0001d040: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2062 enu interface, b\n-0001d050: 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 206e 6f72 6d61 ecause the norma\n-0001d060: 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a72 6571 7569 7265 7320 l menu.requires \n-0001d070: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6661 6e63 7920 6665 several fancy fe\n-0001d080: 6174 7572 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 atures of your t\n-0001d090: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 erminal.....File\n-0001d0a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0001d0b0: 6465 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 de: Vendor power\n-0001d0c0: 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 204e 6578 743a -on keys, Next:\n-0001d0d0: 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 Images, Prev: \n-0001d0e0: 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c Serial terminal,\n-0001d0f0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3020 5573 Up: Top..10 Us\n-0001d100: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2077 6974 6820 7665 ing GRUB with ve\n-0001d110: 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 ndor power-on ke\n-0001d120: 7973 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ys.*************\n+0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2063 6861 7074 ****..This chapt\n+0001c880: 6572 2064 6573 6372 6962 6573 2068 6f77 er describes how\n+0001c890: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7365 7269 to use the seri\n+0001c8a0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 al terminal supp\n+0001c8b0: 6f72 7420 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 ort in GRUB... \n+0001c8c0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 206d 616e If you have man\n+0001c8d0: 7920 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 6f72 2063 y computers or c\n+0001c8e0: 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f omputers with no\n+0001c8f0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2f6b 6579 626f 6172 display/keyboar\n+0001c900: 642c 2069 740a 636f 756c 6420 6265 2076 d, it.could be v\n+0001c910: 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 636f ery useful to co\n+0001c920: 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 ntrol the comput\n+0001c930: 6572 7320 7468 726f 7567 6820 7365 7269 ers through seri\n+0001c940: 616c 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e al.communication\n+0001c950: 732e 2020 546f 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 206f s. To connect o\n+0001c960: 6e65 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7769 7468 ne computer with\n+0001c970: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 6961 2061 2073 another via a s\n+0001c980: 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 2c0a 796f 7520 erial line,.you \n+0001c990: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6570 6172 6520 need to prepare \n+0001c9a0: 6120 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 656d 2028 6372 a null-modem (cr\n+0001c9b0: 6f73 7329 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6361 626c oss) serial cabl\n+0001c9c0: 652c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206d 6179 206e e, and you may n\n+0001c9d0: 6565 640a 746f 2068 6176 6520 6d75 6c74 eed.to have mult\n+0001c9e0: 6970 6f72 7420 7365 7269 616c 2062 6f61 iport serial boa\n+0001c9f0: 7264 732c 2069 6620 796f 7572 2063 6f6d rds, if your com\n+0001ca00: 7075 7465 7220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6861 puter doesn't ha\n+0001ca10: 7665 2065 7874 7261 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 ve extra.serial \n+0001ca20: 706f 7274 732e 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 ports. In addit\n+0001ca30: 696f 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ion, a terminal \n+0001ca40: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 616c 736f emulator is also\n+0001ca50: 2072 6571 7569 7265 642c 2073 7563 680a required, such.\n+0001ca60: 6173 206d 696e 6963 6f6d 2e20 2052 6566 as minicom. Ref\n+0001ca70: 6572 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 206f er to a manual o\n+0001ca80: 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 f your operating\n+0001ca90: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 system, for mor\n+0001caa0: 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e.information...\n+0001cab0: 2020 2041 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c20 As for GRUB, \n+0001cac0: 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e20 the instruction \n+0001cad0: 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 to set up a seri\n+0001cae0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 2071 al terminal is q\n+0001caf0: 7569 7465 0a73 696d 706c 652e 2020 4865 uite.simple. He\n+0001cb00: 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 re is an example\n+0001cb10: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7365 :.. grub> se\n+0001cb20: 7269 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 743d 3020 2d2d rial --unit=0 --\n+0001cb30: 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 speed=9600. \n+0001cb40: 6772 7562 3e20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 grub> terminal_i\n+0001cb50: 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c3b 2074 6572 nput serial; ter\n+0001cb60: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2073 6572 minal_output ser\n+0001cb70: 6961 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d ial.. The comm\n+0001cb80: 616e 6420 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 and ...serial...\n+0001cb90: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 initializes the\n+0001cba0: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 2030 2077 serial unit 0 w\n+0001cbb0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6565 640a 3936 ith the speed.96\n+0001cbc0: 3030 6270 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 00bps. The seri\n+0001cbd0: 616c 2075 6e69 7420 3020 6973 2075 7375 al unit 0 is usu\n+0001cbe0: 616c 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9843 ally called ...C\n+0001cbf0: 4f4d 31e2 8099 2c20 736f 2c20 6966 2079 OM1..., so, if y\n+0001cc00: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a75 7365 2043 ou want to.use C\n+0001cc10: 4f4d 322c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7370 OM2, you must sp\n+0001cc20: 6563 6966 7920 e280 982d 2d75 6e69 743d ecify ...--unit=\n+0001cc30: 31e2 8099 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 2054 1... instead. T\n+0001cc40: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6163 6365 his command acce\n+0001cc50: 7074 730a 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206f pts.many other o\n+0001cc60: 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 ptions, *note se\n+0001cc70: 7269 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 rial:: for more \n+0001cc80: 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 details... The\n+0001cc90: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e280 9874 6572 commands ...ter\n+0001cca0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 8099 2028 minal_input... (\n+0001ccb0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 *note terminal_i\n+0001ccc0: 6e70 7574 3a3a 2920 616e 640a e280 9874 nput::) and....t\n+0001ccd0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 erminal_output..\n+0001cce0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 . (*note termina\n+0001ccf0: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2920 6368 6f6f l_output::) choo\n+0001cd00: 7365 2077 6869 6368 2074 7970 6520 6f66 se which type of\n+0001cd10: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 796f 7520 7761 .terminal you wa\n+0001cd20: 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 496e 2074 nt to use. In t\n+0001cd30: 6865 2063 6173 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2074 he case above, t\n+0001cd40: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6c6c he terminal will\n+0001cd50: 2062 6520 610a 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 be a.serial ter\n+0001cd60: 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2063 minal, but you c\n+0001cd70: 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 7061 7373 20e2 8098 an also pass ...\n+0001cd80: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 console... to th\n+0001cd90: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2061 730a e280 e command, as...\n+0001cda0: 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 .terminal_input \n+0001cdb0: 7365 7269 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 serial console..\n+0001cdc0: 992e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 .. In this case\n+0001cdd0: 2c20 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 6e20 , a terminal in \n+0001cde0: 7768 6963 6820 796f 750a 7072 6573 7320 which you.press \n+0001cdf0: 616e 7920 6b65 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 any key will be \n+0001ce00: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2061 7320 6120 4752 selected as a GR\n+0001ce10: 5542 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 496e UB terminal. In\n+0001ce20: 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a61 626f the example.abo\n+0001ce30: 7665 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f ve, note that yo\n+0001ce40: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7075 7420 626f u need to put bo\n+0001ce50: 7468 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 th commands on t\n+0001ce60: 6865 2073 616d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 he same command \n+0001ce70: 6c69 6e65 2c0a 6173 2079 6f75 2077 696c line,.as you wil\n+0001ce80: 6c20 6c6f 7365 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 l lose the abili\n+0001ce90: 7479 2074 6f20 7479 7065 2063 6f6d 6d61 ty to type comma\n+0001cea0: 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f nds on the conso\n+0001ceb0: 6c65 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 0a66 6972 le after the.fir\n+0001cec0: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 st command... \n+0001ced0: 486f 7765 7665 722c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 However, note th\n+0001cee0: 6174 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 at GRUB assumes \n+0001cef0: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e that your termin\n+0001cf00: 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 0a63 al emulator is.c\n+0001cf10: 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 7769 7468 2056 ompatible with V\n+0001cf20: 5431 3030 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e T100 by default.\n+0001cf30: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7472 7565 2066 This is true f\n+0001cf40: 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c or most terminal\n+0001cf50: 0a65 6d75 6c61 746f 7273 206e 6f77 6164 .emulators nowad\n+0001cf60: 6179 732c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2073 686f ays, but you sho\n+0001cf70: 756c 6420 7061 7373 2074 6865 206f 7074 uld pass the opt\n+0001cf80: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d64 756d 62e2 8099 ion ...--dumb...\n+0001cf90: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 to the.command \n+0001cfa0: 6966 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c if your terminal\n+0001cfb0: 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 206e 6f74 emulator is not\n+0001cfc0: 2056 5431 3030 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c VT100-compatibl\n+0001cfd0: 6520 6f72 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a e or implements.\n+0001cfe0: 6665 7720 5654 3130 3020 6573 6361 7065 few VT100 escape\n+0001cff0: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2049 6620 sequences. If \n+0001d000: 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6973 you specify this\n+0001d010: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7468 656e 2047 5255 option then GRU\n+0001d020: 420a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 B.provides you w\n+0001d030: 6974 6820 616e 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 ith an alternati\n+0001d040: 7665 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 ve menu interfac\n+0001d050: 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 206e e, because the n\n+0001d060: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a72 6571 7569 ormal menu.requi\n+0001d070: 7265 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6661 6e63 res several fanc\n+0001d080: 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 206f 6620 796f y features of yo\n+0001d090: 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a ur terminal.....\n+0001d0a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0001d0b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 Node: Vendor p\n+0001d0c0: 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 204e ower-on keys, N\n+0001d0d0: 6578 743a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 5072 ext: Images, Pr\n+0001d0e0: 6576 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 ev: Serial termi\n+0001d0f0: 6e61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 nal, Up: Top..1\n+0001d100: 3020 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2077 6974 0 Using GRUB wit\n+0001d110: 6820 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f h vendor power-o\n+0001d120: 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n keys.*********\n 0001d130: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d140: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 **********..Some\n-0001d150: 206c 6170 746f 7020 7665 6e64 6f72 7320 laptop vendors \n-0001d160: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 616e 2061 6464 6974 provide an addit\n-0001d170: 696f 6e61 6c20 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 2062 ional power-on b\n-0001d180: 7574 746f 6e20 7768 6963 6820 626f 6f74 utton which boot\n-0001d190: 730a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 4f53 2e20 4752 s.another OS. GR\n-0001d1a0: 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7375 6368 UB supports such\n-0001d1b0: 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2077 6974 6820 7468 buttons with th\n-0001d1c0: 6520 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 e ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n-0001d1d0: 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0ae2 8098 T_BUTTON...,....\n-0001d1e0: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n-0001d1f0: 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 LE_BUTTON..., ..\n-0001d200: 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 .GRUB_DEFAULT_BU\n-0001d210: 5454 4f4e e280 992c 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 TTON..., and....\n-0001d220: 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 GRUB_BUTTON_CMOS\n-0001d230: 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 7661 7269 _ADDRESS... vari\n-0001d240: 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ables in default\n-0001d250: 2f67 7275 6220 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d /grub (*note Sim\n-0001d260: 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple.configuratio\n-0001d270: 6e3a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 n::). ...GRUB_T\n-0001d280: 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 IMEOUT_BUTTON...\n-0001d290: 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 , ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n-0001d2a0: 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 T_STYLE_BUTTON..\n-0001d2b0: 992c 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 .,.and ...GRUB_D\n-0001d2c0: 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 EFAULT_BUTTON...\n-0001d2d0: 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 are used instea\n-0001d2e0: 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 d of the corresp\n-0001d2f0: 6f6e 6469 6e67 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6573 onding.variables\n-0001d300: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 without the ...\n-0001d310: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2073 7566 6669 _BUTTON... suffi\n-0001d320: 7820 7768 656e 2070 6f77 6572 6564 206f x when powered o\n-0001d330: 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7370 6563 n using the spec\n-0001d340: 6961 6c0a 6275 7474 6f6e 2e20 20e2 8098 ial.button. ...\n-0001d350: 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 GRUB_BUTTON_CMOS\n-0001d360: 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 6973 2076 _ADDRESS... is v\n-0001d370: 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2061 endor-specific a\n-0001d380: 6e64 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 0a6d 6f64 nd partially.mod\n-0001d390: 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 5661 el-specific. Va\n-0001d3a0: 6c75 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7468 lues known to th\n-0001d3b0: 6520 4752 5542 2074 6561 6d20 6172 653a e GRUB team are:\n-0001d3c0: 0a0a 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 4d31 3333 ... 121:3.<\n-0001d3e0: 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 3135 3330 3e0a Dell XPS M1530>.\n-0001d3f0: 2020 2020 2038 353a 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 85:3..\n-0001d410: 2020 2020 2038 353a 330a 3c41 7375 7320 85:3.. \n-0001d430: 2020 2038 343a 3120 2875 6e63 6f6e 6669 84:1 (unconfi\n-0001d440: 726d 6564 290a 3c4c 454e 4f56 4f20 5468 rmed).. 101\n-0001d470: 3a33 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7461 6b65 2066 :3.. To take f\n-0001d480: 756c 6c20 6164 7661 6e74 6167 6520 6f66 ull advantage of\n-0001d490: 2074 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2c20 this function, \n-0001d4a0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6e74 install GRUB int\n-0001d4b0: 6f20 7468 6520 4d42 520a 282a 6e6f 7465 o the MBR.(*note\n-0001d4c0: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 Installing GRUB\n-0001d4d0: 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 using grub-inst\n-0001d4e0: 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 all::)... If y\n-0001d4f0: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c61 7074 6f70 ou have a laptop\n-0001d500: 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 2073 696d which has a sim\n-0001d510: 696c 6172 2066 6561 7475 7265 2061 6e64 ilar feature and\n-0001d520: 206e 6f74 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 not in the abov\n-0001d530: 650a 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 2079 6f75 e.list could you\n-0001d540: 2066 6967 7572 6520 796f 7572 2061 6464 figure your add\n-0001d550: 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 ress and contrib\n-0001d560: 7574 653f 2020 546f 2064 6973 636f 7665 ute? To discove\n-0001d570: 7220 7468 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 646f r the.address do\n-0001d580: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a the following:.\n-0001d590: 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 6e6f 726d ... boot norm\n-0001d5a0: 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 ally. ... \n-0001d5b0: 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e sudo modprobe n\n-0001d5c0: 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 vram. s\n-0001d5d0: 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 udo cat /dev/nvr\n-0001d5e0: 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 am | xxd > norma\n-0001d5f0: 6c5f 6275 7474 6f6e 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 l_button.txt. \n-0001d600: e280 a220 626f 6f74 2075 7369 6e67 2076 ... boot using v\n-0001d610: 656e 646f 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 0a20 2020 endor button. \n-0001d620: e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f ... sudo mo\n-0001d630: 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 dprobe nvram. \n-0001d640: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 sudo cat \n-0001d650: 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 /dev/nvram | xxd\n-0001d660: 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 7665 6e64 6f72 > normal_vendor\n-0001d670: 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 636f .txt.. Then co\n-0001d680: 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6573 6520 7465 7874 mpare these text\n-0001d690: 2066 696c 6573 2061 6e64 2066 696e 6420 files and find \n-0001d6a0: 7768 6572 6520 6120 6269 7420 7761 7320 where a bit was \n-0001d6b0: 746f 6767 6c65 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a69 toggled. E.g..i\n-0001d6c0: 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 4465 6c6c 2058 n case of Dell X\n-0001d6d0: 5053 2069 7420 7761 733a 0a20 2020 2020 PS it was:. \n-0001d6e0: 6279 7465 2030 7834 373a 2032 3020 2d2d byte 0x47: 20 --\n-0001d6f0: 3e20 3238 0a20 2020 4974 2773 2061 2062 > 28. It's a b\n-0001d700: 6974 206e 756d 6265 7220 3320 6173 2073 it number 3 as s\n-0001d710: 6565 6e20 6672 6f6d 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 een from followi\n-0001d720: 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 3020 2020 2020 ng table:.0 \n-0001d730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 310a 3120 2020 01.1 \n-0001d740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 320a 3220 02.2 \n-0001d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 340a 04.\n-0001d760: 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 3 0\n-0001d770: 380a 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 8.4 \n-0001d780: 2031 300a 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 10.5 \n-0001d790: 2020 2032 300a 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 20.6 \n-0001d7a0: 2020 2020 2034 300a 3720 2020 2020 2020 40.7 \n-0001d7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2038 300a 0a20 2020 3078 80.. 0x\n-0001d7c0: 3437 2069 7320 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 3731 47 is decimal 71\n-0001d7d0: 2e20 204c 696e 7578 206e 7672 616d 2069 . Linux nvram i\n-0001d7e0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6375 mplementation cu\n-0001d7f0: 7473 2066 6972 7374 2031 3420 6279 7465 ts first 14 byte\n-0001d800: 730a 6f66 2043 4d4f 532e 2053 6f20 7468 s.of CMOS. So th\n-0001d810: 6520 7265 616c 2062 7974 6520 6164 6472 e real byte addr\n-0001d820: 6573 7320 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6973 2037 ess in CMOS is 7\n-0001d830: 312b 3134 3d38 3520 536f 2063 6f6d 706c 1+14=85 So compl\n-0001d840: 6574 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 6973 2038 ete.address is 8\n-0001d850: 353a 330a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 5:3....File: gru\n-0001d860: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n-0001d870: 6d61 6765 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f mages, Next: Co\n-0001d880: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 re image size li\n-0001d890: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a mitation, Prev:\n-0001d8a0: 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e Vendor power-on\n-0001d8b0: 206b 6579 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a keys, Up: Top.\n-0001d8c0: 0a31 3120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 .11 GRUB image f\n-0001d8d0: 696c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a iles.***********\n-0001d8e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 ********..GRUB c\n-0001d8f0: 6f6e 7369 7374 7320 6f66 2073 6576 6572 onsists of sever\n-0001d900: 616c 2069 6d61 6765 733a 2061 2076 6172 al images: a var\n-0001d910: 6965 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 7374 7261 iety of bootstra\n-0001d920: 7020 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 0a73 7461 p images for.sta\n-0001d930: 7274 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e20 7661 rting GRUB in va\n-0001d940: 7269 6f75 7320 7761 7973 2c20 6120 6b65 rious ways, a ke\n-0001d950: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 rnel image, and \n-0001d960: 6120 7365 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 a set of modules\n-0001d970: 0a77 6869 6368 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 6269 .which are combi\n-0001d980: 6e65 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206b 6572 ned with the ker\n-0001d990: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f 2066 6f72 nel image to for\n-0001d9a0: 6d20 6120 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 m a core image. \n-0001d9b0: 2048 6572 6520 6973 0a61 2073 686f 7274 Here is.a short\n-0001d9c0: 206f 7665 7276 6965 7720 6f66 2074 6865 overview of the\n-0001d9d0: 6d2e 0a0a e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 m......boot.img.\n-0001d9e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2050 4320 4249 ... On PC BI\n-0001d9f0: 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 OS systems, this\n-0001da00: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7468 6520 6669 image is the fi\n-0001da10: 7273 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 4752 5542 rst part of GRUB\n-0001da20: 2074 6f20 7374 6172 742e 0a20 2020 2020 to start.. \n-0001da30: 4974 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f It is written to\n-0001da40: 2061 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 2072 a master boot r\n-0001da50: 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 6f72 2074 ecord (MBR) or t\n-0001da60: 6f20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f o the boot secto\n-0001da70: 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6120 7061 7274 r. of a part\n-0001da80: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 ition. Because \n-0001da90: 6120 5043 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 a PC boot sector\n-0001daa0: 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 732c 2074 is 512 bytes, t\n-0001dab0: 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 he size of. \n-0001dac0: 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6578 this image is ex\n-0001dad0: 6163 746c 7920 3531 3220 6279 7465 732e actly 512 bytes.\n-0001dae0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 6f6c 6520 .. The sole \n-0001daf0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9862 function of ...b\n-0001db00: 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 746f oot.img... is to\n-0001db10: 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 read the first \n-0001db20: 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 sector of the. \n-0001db30: 2020 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6672 core image fr\n-0001db40: 6f6d 2061 206c 6f63 616c 2064 6973 6b20 om a local disk \n-0001db50: 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 and jump to it. \n-0001db60: 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 Because of the \n-0001db70: 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7374 7269 size. restri\n-0001db80: 6374 696f 6e2c 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 ction, ...boot.i\n-0001db90: 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 6e64 mg... cannot und\n-0001dba0: 6572 7374 616e 6420 616e 7920 6669 6c65 erstand any file\n-0001dbb0: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2073 7472 system. str\n-0001dbc0: 7563 7475 7265 2c20 736f 20e2 8098 6772 ucture, so ...gr\n-0001dbd0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 6861 ub-install... ha\n-0001dbe0: 7264 636f 6465 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 rdcodes the loca\n-0001dbf0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 tion of the firs\n-0001dc00: 740a 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 t. sector of\n-0001dc10: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n-0001dc20: 696e 746f 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 into ...boot.img\n-0001dc30: e280 9920 7768 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ... when install\n-0001dc40: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6469 ing GRUB......di\n-0001dc50: 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 skboot.img.... \n-0001dc60: 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 This image is\n-0001dc70: 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 used as the fir\n-0001dc80: 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 st sector of the\n-0001dc90: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e core image when\n-0001dca0: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 . booting fr\n-0001dcb0: 6f6d 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 om a hard disk. \n-0001dcc0: 2049 7420 7265 6164 7320 7468 6520 7265 It reads the re\n-0001dcd0: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 st of the core i\n-0001dce0: 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f0a 2020 2020 206d mage into. m\n-0001dcf0: 656d 6f72 7920 616e 6420 7374 6172 7473 emory and starts\n-0001dd00: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5369 the kernel. Si\n-0001dd10: 6e63 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 nce file system \n-0001dd20: 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2069 7320 6e6f 740a handling is not.\n-0001dd30: 2020 2020 2079 6574 2061 7661 696c 6162 yet availab\n-0001dd40: 6c65 2c20 6974 2065 6e63 6f64 6573 2074 le, it encodes t\n-0001dd50: 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 he location of t\n-0001dd60: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7573 he core image us\n-0001dd70: 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b ing a. block\n-0001dd80: 206c 6973 7420 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0ae2 list format....\n-0001dd90: 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a ..cdboot.img....\n-0001dda0: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 This image \n-0001ddb0: 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 is used as the f\n-0001ddc0: 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 irst sector of t\n-0001ddd0: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 he core image wh\n-0001dde0: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 en. booting \n-0001ddf0: 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6472 from a CD-ROM dr\n-0001de00: 6976 652e 2020 4974 2070 6572 666f 726d ive. It perform\n-0001de10: 7320 6120 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6675 6e63 s a similar func\n-0001de20: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 tion to. ...\n-0001de30: 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992e diskboot.img....\n-0001de40: 0a0a e280 9870 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 .....pxeboot.img\n-0001de50: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d .... This im\n-0001de60: 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 age is used as t\n-0001de70: 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 he start of the \n-0001de80: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e20 core image when \n-0001de90: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 booting from. \n-0001dea0: 2020 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7573 the network us\n-0001deb0: 696e 6720 5058 452e 202a 4e6f 7465 204e ing PXE. *Note N\n-0001dec0: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6c6e etwork::......ln\n-0001ded0: 7862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 xboot.img.... \n-0001dee0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6179 This image may\n-0001def0: 2062 6520 706c 6163 6564 2061 7420 7468 be placed at th\n-0001df00: 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 e start of the c\n-0001df10: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 206f 7264 ore image in ord\n-0001df20: 6572 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 er to. make \n-0001df30: 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b20 656e 6f75 6768 GRUB look enough\n-0001df40: 206c 696b 6520 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 like a Linux ke\n-0001df50: 726e 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e rnel that it can\n-0001df60: 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2062 790a 2020 be booted by. \n-0001df70: 2020 204c 494c 4f20 7573 696e 6720 616e LILO using an\n-0001df80: 20e2 8098 696d 6167 653d e280 9920 7365 ...image=... se\n-0001df90: 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 986b 6572 6e65 ction......kerne\n-0001dfa0: 6c2e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 l.img.... Th\n-0001dfb0: 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 696e is image contain\n-0001dfc0: 7320 4752 5542 2773 2062 6173 6963 2072 s GRUB's basic r\n-0001dfd0: 756e 2d74 696d 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7469 un-time faciliti\n-0001dfe0: 6573 3a20 6672 616d 6577 6f72 6b73 0a20 es: frameworks. \n-0001dff0: 2020 2020 666f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 for device a\n-0001e000: 6e64 2066 696c 6520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 nd file handling\n-0001e010: 2c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 , environment va\n-0001e020: 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2074 6865 2072 6573 riables, the res\n-0001e030: 6375 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 636f cue. mode co\n-0001e040: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2070 6172 7365 mmand-line parse\n-0001e050: 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2049 r, and so on. I\n-0001e060: 7420 6973 2072 6172 656c 7920 7573 6564 t is rarely used\n-0001e070: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 0a20 2020 2020 directly,. \n-0001e080: 6275 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 but is built int\n-0001e090: 6f20 616c 6c20 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 o all core image\n-0001e0a0: 732e 0a0a e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 s......core.img.\n-0001e0b0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 ... This is \n-0001e0c0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 206f the core image o\n-0001e0d0: 6620 4752 5542 2e20 4974 2069 7320 6275 f GRUB. It is bu\n-0001e0e0: 696c 7420 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 ilt dynamically \n-0001e0f0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 from the. ke\n-0001e100: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2061 6e64 2061 rnel image and a\n-0001e110: 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 6c69 7374 n arbitrary list\n-0001e120: 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6279 2074 of modules by t\n-0001e130: 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 he ...grub-mkima\n-0001e140: 6765 e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 ge.... progr\n-0001e150: 616d 2e20 2055 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 am. Usually, it\n-0001e160: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 656e 6f75 6768 contains enough\n-0001e170: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6163 6365 modules to acce\n-0001e180: 7373 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 ss. .../boot\n-0001e190: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f /grub..., and lo\n-0001e1a0: 6164 7320 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2065 ads everything e\n-0001e1b0: 6c73 6520 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206d lse (including m\n-0001e1c0: 656e 7520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c0a 2020 enu handling,. \n-0001e1d0: 2020 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 the ability t\n-0001e1e0: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 o load target op\n-0001e1f0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c erating systems,\n-0001e200: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2920 6672 6f6d and so on) from\n-0001e210: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 the. file s\n-0001e220: 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d ystem at run-tim\n-0001e230: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c61 7220 e. The modular \n-0001e240: 6465 7369 676e 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 design allows th\n-0001e250: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 e core image. \n-0001e260: 2020 746f 2062 6520 6b65 7074 2073 6d61 to be kept sma\n-0001e270: 6c6c 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 7468 6520 6172 ll, since the ar\n-0001e280: 6561 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7768 6572 eas of disk wher\n-0001e290: 6520 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 e it must be. \n-0001e2a0: 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6172 6520 installed are \n-0001e2b0: 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 often as small a\n-0001e2c0: 7320 3332 4b42 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e s 32KB... *N\n-0001e2d0: 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ote BIOS install\n-0001e2e0: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 ation::, for det\n-0001e2f0: 6169 6c73 206f 6e20 7768 6572 6520 7468 ails on where th\n-0001e300: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 616e e core image can\n-0001e310: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c . be install\n-0001e320: 6564 206f 6e20 5043 2073 7973 7465 6d73 ed on PC systems\n-0001e330: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a2e 6d6f 64e2 8099 0a20 ......*.mod.... \n-0001e340: 2020 2020 4576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2065 Everything e\n-0001e350: 6c73 6520 696e 2047 5255 4220 7265 7369 lse in GRUB resi\n-0001e360: 6465 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c des in dynamical\n-0001e370: 6c79 206c 6f61 6461 626c 6520 6d6f 6475 ly loadable modu\n-0001e380: 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6573 6520 les.. These \n-0001e390: 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 are often loaded\n-0001e3a0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 automatically, \n-0001e3b0: 6f72 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 or built into th\n-0001e3c0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 e core image. \n-0001e3d0: 2020 6966 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6573 if they are es\n-0001e3e0: 7365 6e74 6961 6c2c 2062 7574 206d 6179 sential, but may\n-0001e3f0: 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 also be loaded \n-0001e400: 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 2074 manually using t\n-0001e410: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f he. ...insmo\n-0001e420: 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e d... command (*n\n-0001e430: 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote insmod::)...\n-0001e440: 466f 7220 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 For GRUB Legacy \n-0001e450: 7573 6572 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d users.==========\n-0001e460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 ===========..GRU\n-0001e470: 4220 3220 6861 7320 6120 6469 6666 6572 B 2 has a differ\n-0001e480: 656e 7420 6465 7369 676e 2066 726f 6d20 ent design from \n-0001e490: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2061 6e64 GRUB Legacy, and\n-0001e4a0: 2073 6f20 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 656e so corresponden\n-0001e4b0: 6365 730a 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6d61 ces.with the ima\n-0001e4c0: 6765 7320 6974 2075 7365 6420 6361 6e6e ges it used cann\n-0001e4d0: 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6163 742e 2020 4e65 ot be exact. Ne\n-0001e4e0: 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 2c20 4752 5542 vertheless, GRUB\n-0001e4f0: 204c 6567 6163 790a 7573 6572 7320 6f66 Legacy.users of\n-0001e500: 7465 6e20 6173 6b20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e ten ask question\n-0001e510: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 2074 s in the terms t\n-0001e520: 6865 7920 6172 6520 6661 6d69 6c69 6172 hey are familiar\n-0001e530: 2077 6974 682c 2061 6e64 2073 6f0a 6865 with, and so.he\n-0001e540: 7265 2069 7320 6120 6272 6965 6620 6775 re is a brief gu\n-0001e550: 6964 6520 746f 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 ide to how GRUB \n-0001e560: 3227 7320 696d 6167 6573 2072 656c 6174 2's images relat\n-0001e570: 6520 746f 2074 6861 742e 0a0a e280 9873 e to that......s\n-0001e580: 7461 6765 31e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5374 tage1.... St\n-0001e590: 6167 6520 3120 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 age 1 from GRUB \n-0001e5a0: 4c65 6761 6379 2077 6173 2076 6572 7920 Legacy was very \n-0001e5b0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 626f similar to ...bo\n-0001e5c0: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 ot.img... in GRU\n-0001e5d0: 4220 322c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 B 2,. and th\n-0001e5e0: 6579 2073 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 616d ey serve the sam\n-0001e5f0: 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 e function......\n-0001e600: 2a5f 7374 6167 6531 5f35 e280 990a 2020 *_stage1_5.... \n-0001e610: 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 In GRUB Legac\n-0001e620: 792c 2053 7461 6765 2031 2e35 2773 2066 y, Stage 1.5's f\n-0001e630: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 746f 2069 unction was to i\n-0001e640: 6e63 6c75 6465 2065 6e6f 7567 680a 2020 nclude enough. \n-0001e650: 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f filesystem co\n-0001e660: 6465 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 de to allow the \n-0001e670: 6d75 6368 206c 6172 6765 7220 5374 6167 much larger Stag\n-0001e680: 6520 3220 746f 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 e 2 to be read f\n-0001e690: 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 6469 rom an. ordi\n-0001e6a0: 6e61 7279 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e nary filesystem.\n-0001e6b0: 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 7265 7370 6563 In this respec\n-0001e6c0: 742c 2069 7473 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 t, its function \n-0001e6d0: 7761 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 0a20 was similar to. \n-0001e6e0: 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 ...core.img.\n-0001e6f0: 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2e20 2048 .. in GRUB 2. H\n-0001e700: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 e280 9863 6f72 652e owever, ...core.\n-0001e710: 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6d75 6368 206d img... is much m\n-0001e720: 6f72 6520 6361 7061 626c 650a 2020 2020 ore capable. \n-0001e730: 2074 6861 6e20 5374 6167 6520 312e 3520 than Stage 1.5 \n-0001e740: 7761 733b 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 6f66 was; since it of\n-0001e750: 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 fers a rescue sh\n-0001e760: 656c 6c2c 2069 7420 6973 2073 6f6d 6574 ell, it is somet\n-0001e770: 696d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7373 6962 imes. possib\n-0001e780: 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 6d61 le to recover ma\n-0001e790: 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6576 nually in the ev\n-0001e7a0: 656e 7420 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 2075 ent that it is u\n-0001e7b0: 6e61 626c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 640a 2020 nable to load. \n-0001e7c0: 2020 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 any other mod\n-0001e7d0: 756c 6573 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c ules, for exampl\n-0001e7e0: 6520 6966 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e e if partition n\n-0001e7f0: 756d 6265 7273 2068 6176 6520 6368 616e umbers have chan\n-0001e800: 6765 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 ged.. ...cor\n-0001e810: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6275 696c e.img... is buil\n-0001e820: 7420 696e 2061 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 t in a more flex\n-0001e830: 6962 6c65 2077 6179 2c20 616c 6c6f 7769 ible way, allowi\n-0001e840: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a20 2020 ng GRUB 2 to. \n-0001e850: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e support readin\n-0001e860: 6720 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 g modules from a\n-0001e870: 6476 616e 6365 6420 6469 736b 2074 7970 dvanced disk typ\n-0001e880: 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 204c 564d 2061 es such as LVM a\n-0001e890: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4944 2e0a 0a20 nd. RAID... \n-0001e8a0: 2020 2020 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 GRUB Legacy \n-0001e8b0: 636f 756c 6420 7275 6e20 7769 7468 206f could run with o\n-0001e8c0: 6e6c 7920 5374 6167 6520 3120 616e 6420 nly Stage 1 and \n-0001e8d0: 5374 6167 6520 3220 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 Stage 2 in some \n-0001e8e0: 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e limited. con\n-0001e8f0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 figurations, whi\n-0001e900: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 3220 7265 7175 6972 le GRUB 2 requir\n-0001e910: 6573 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 es ...core.img..\n-0001e920: 9920 616e 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 2077 6f72 . and cannot wor\n-0001e930: 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 686f 7574 2069 k. without i\n-0001e940: 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 32e2 8099 t......stage2...\n-0001e950: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 . GRUB 2 has\n-0001e960: 206e 6f20 7369 6e67 6c65 2053 7461 6765 no single Stage\n-0001e970: 2032 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 2 image. Inste\n-0001e980: 6164 2c20 6974 206c 6f61 6473 206d 6f64 ad, it loads mod\n-0001e990: 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 ules from. .\n-0001e9a0: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 ../boot/grub... \n-0001e9b0: 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e 0a0a e280 at run-time.....\n-0001e9c0: 9873 7461 6765 325f 656c 746f 7269 746f .stage2_eltorito\n-0001e9d0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 .... In GRUB\n-0001e9e0: 2032 2c20 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2062 2, images for b\n-0001e9f0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4344 2d52 ooting from CD-R\n-0001ea00: 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 6520 6e6f OM drives are no\n-0001ea10: 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 w. construct\n-0001ea20: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6364 626f ed using ...cdbo\n-0001ea30: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ot.img... and ..\n-0001ea40: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 6d61 .core.img..., ma\n-0001ea50: 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 king sure that t\n-0001ea60: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 he. core ima\n-0001ea70: 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 ge contains the \n-0001ea80: e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 6d6f ...iso9660... mo\n-0001ea90: 6475 6c65 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2075 7375 dule. It is usu\n-0001eaa0: 616c 6c79 2062 6573 7420 746f 0a20 2020 ally best to. \n-0001eab0: 2020 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 use the ...gru\n-0001eac0: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 b-mkrescue... pr\n-0001ead0: 6f67 7261 6d20 666f 7220 7468 6973 2e0a ogram for this..\n-0001eae0: 0ae2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 e280 990a 2020 ....nbgrub.... \n-0001eaf0: 2020 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 6173 2079 There is as y\n-0001eb00: 6574 206e 6f20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 et no equivalent\n-0001eb10: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 e280 for ...nbgrub..\n-0001eb20: 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 323b 2069 7420 . in GRUB 2; it \n-0001eb30: 7761 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6279 was used. by\n-0001eb40: 2045 7468 6572 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 Etherboot and s\n-0001eb50: 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 ome other networ\n-0001eb60: 6b20 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2e0a k boot loaders..\n-0001eb70: 0ae2 8098 7078 6567 7275 62e2 8099 0a20 ....pxegrub.... \n-0001eb80: 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 322c 2069 In GRUB 2, i\n-0001eb90: 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 5058 4520 6e65 mages for PXE ne\n-0001eba0: 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6172 twork booting ar\n-0001ebb0: 6520 6e6f 7720 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 e now constructe\n-0001ebc0: 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 d using. ...\n-0001ebd0: 7078 6562 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 pxeboot.img... a\n-0001ebe0: 6e64 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 nd ...core.img..\n-0001ebf0: 992c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 ., making sure t\n-0001ec00: 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 hat the core ima\n-0001ec10: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 ge. contains\n-0001ec20: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7078 65e2 8099 2061 the ...pxe... a\n-0001ec30: 6e64 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6d64 e280 9920 nd ...pxecmd... \n-0001ec40: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 modules. *Note \n-0001ec50: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-0001ec60: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0001ec70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 Node: Core image\n-0001ec80: 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e size limitation\n-0001ec90: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c 6573 7973 , Next: Filesys\n-0001eca0: 7465 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496d 6167 tem, Prev: Imag\n-0001ecb0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3132 es, Up: Top..12\n-0001ecc0: 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 Core image size\n-0001ecd0: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a limitation.****\n+0001d140: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+0001d150: 536f 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7020 7665 6e64 Some laptop vend\n+0001d160: 6f72 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6520 616e 2061 ors provide an a\n+0001d170: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 706f 7765 722d dditional power-\n+0001d180: 6f6e 2062 7574 746f 6e20 7768 6963 6820 on button which \n+0001d190: 626f 6f74 730a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 4f53 boots.another OS\n+0001d1a0: 2e20 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 . GRUB supports \n+0001d1b0: 7375 6368 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2077 6974 such buttons wit\n+0001d1c0: 6820 7468 6520 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 h the ...GRUB_TI\n+0001d1d0: 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c MEOUT_BUTTON...,\n+0001d1e0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ....GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0001d1f0: 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 _STYLE_BUTTON...\n+0001d200: 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c , ...GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0001d210: 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 2061 6e64 T_BUTTON..., and\n+0001d220: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f ....GRUB_BUTTON_\n+0001d230: 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 CMOS_ADDRESS... \n+0001d240: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2064 6566 variables in def\n+0001d250: 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 6220 282a 6e6f 7465 ault/grub (*note\n+0001d260: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n+0001d270: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 ation::). ...GR\n+0001d280: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f UB_TIMEOUT_BUTTO\n+0001d290: 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 N..., ...GRUB_TI\n+0001d2a0: 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 MEOUT_STYLE_BUTT\n+0001d2b0: 4f4e e280 992c 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 ON...,.and ...GR\n+0001d2c0: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f UB_DEFAULT_BUTTO\n+0001d2d0: 4ee2 8099 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 696e N... are used in\n+0001d2e0: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 stead of the cor\n+0001d2f0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 0a76 6172 6961 responding.varia\n+0001d300: 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 bles without the\n+0001d310: 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2073 ..._BUTTON... s\n+0001d320: 7566 6669 7820 7768 656e 2070 6f77 6572 uffix when power\n+0001d330: 6564 206f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 ed on using the \n+0001d340: 7370 6563 6961 6c0a 6275 7474 6f6e 2e20 special.button. \n+0001d350: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f ...GRUB_BUTTON_\n+0001d360: 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 CMOS_ADDRESS... \n+0001d370: 6973 2076 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 is vendor-specif\n+0001d380: 6963 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 ic and partially\n+0001d390: 0a6d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e .model-specific.\n+0001d3a0: 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 Values known t\n+0001d3b0: 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 6561 6d20 o the GRUB team \n+0001d3c0: 6172 653a 0a0a 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 are:... 121\n+0001d3e0: 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 3135 :3.. 85:3.. 85:3.. 84:1 (unc\n+0001d440: 6f6e 6669 726d 6564 290a 3c4c 454e 4f56 onfirmed).. \n+0001d470: 2031 3031 3a33 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7461 101:3.. To ta\n+0001d480: 6b65 2066 756c 6c20 6164 7661 6e74 6167 ke full advantag\n+0001d490: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 e of this functi\n+0001d4a0: 6f6e 2c20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 on, install GRUB\n+0001d4b0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4d42 520a 282a into the MBR.(*\n+0001d4c0: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 note Installing \n+0001d4d0: 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d GRUB using grub-\n+0001d4e0: 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 install::)... \n+0001d4f0: 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c61 If you have a la\n+0001d500: 7074 6f70 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 ptop which has a\n+0001d510: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 6561 7475 7265 similar feature\n+0001d520: 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 2069 6e20 7468 6520 and not in the \n+0001d530: 6162 6f76 650a 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 above.list could\n+0001d540: 2079 6f75 2066 6967 7572 6520 796f 7572 you figure your\n+0001d550: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e address and con\n+0001d560: 7472 6962 7574 653f 2020 546f 2064 6973 tribute? To dis\n+0001d570: 636f 7665 7220 7468 650a 6164 6472 6573 cover the.addres\n+0001d580: 7320 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 s do the followi\n+0001d590: 6e67 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 ng:. ... boot \n+0001d5a0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 e280 a220 normally. ... \n+0001d5b0: 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f sudo modpro\n+0001d5c0: 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 be nvram. \n+0001d5d0: 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 sudo cat /dev\n+0001d5e0: 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e /nvram | xxd > n\n+0001d5f0: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6275 7474 6f6e 2e74 7874 ormal_button.txt\n+0001d600: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 2075 7369 . ... boot usi\n+0001d610: 6e67 2076 656e 646f 7220 6275 7474 6f6e ng vendor button\n+0001d620: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 . ... sud\n+0001d630: 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d o modprobe nvram\n+0001d640: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 . sudo \n+0001d650: 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c cat /dev/nvram |\n+0001d660: 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 7665 xxd > normal_ve\n+0001d670: 6e64 6f72 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 ndor.txt.. The\n+0001d680: 6e20 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6573 6520 n compare these \n+0001d690: 7465 7874 2066 696c 6573 2061 6e64 2066 text files and f\n+0001d6a0: 696e 6420 7768 6572 6520 6120 6269 7420 ind where a bit \n+0001d6b0: 7761 7320 746f 6767 6c65 642e 2020 452e was toggled. E.\n+0001d6c0: 672e 0a69 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 4465 g..in case of De\n+0001d6d0: 6c6c 2058 5053 2069 7420 7761 733a 0a20 ll XPS it was:. \n+0001d6e0: 2020 2020 6279 7465 2030 7834 373a 2032 byte 0x47: 2\n+0001d6f0: 3020 2d2d 3e20 3238 0a20 2020 4974 2773 0 --> 28. It's\n+0001d700: 2061 2062 6974 206e 756d 6265 7220 3320 a bit number 3 \n+0001d710: 6173 2073 6565 6e20 6672 6f6d 2066 6f6c as seen from fol\n+0001d720: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 3020 lowing table:.0 \n+0001d730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 310a 01.\n+0001d740: 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 1 0\n+0001d750: 320a 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2.2 \n+0001d760: 2030 340a 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n+0001d770: 2020 2030 380a 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 08.4 \n+0001d780: 2020 2020 2031 300a 3520 2020 2020 2020 10.5 \n+0001d790: 2020 2020 2020 2032 300a 3620 2020 2020 20.6 \n+0001d7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 300a 3720 2020 40.7 \n+0001d7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 300a 0a20 80.. \n+0001d7c0: 2020 3078 3437 2069 7320 6465 6369 6d61 0x47 is decima\n+0001d7d0: 6c20 3731 2e20 204c 696e 7578 206e 7672 l 71. Linux nvr\n+0001d7e0: 616d 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f am implementatio\n+0001d7f0: 6e20 6375 7473 2066 6972 7374 2031 3420 n cuts first 14 \n+0001d800: 6279 7465 730a 6f66 2043 4d4f 532e 2053 bytes.of CMOS. S\n+0001d810: 6f20 7468 6520 7265 616c 2062 7974 6520 o the real byte \n+0001d820: 6164 6472 6573 7320 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 address in CMOS \n+0001d830: 6973 2037 312b 3134 3d38 3520 536f 2063 is 71+14=85 So c\n+0001d840: 6f6d 706c 6574 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 omplete.address \n+0001d850: 6973 2038 353a 330a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a is 85:3....File:\n+0001d860: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0001d870: 653a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 4e65 7874 e: Images, Next\n+0001d880: 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a : Core image siz\n+0001d890: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 e limitation, P\n+0001d8a0: 7265 763a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 rev: Vendor powe\n+0001d8b0: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5570 3a20 r-on keys, Up: \n+0001d8c0: 546f 700a 0a31 3120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 Top..11 GRUB ima\n+0001d8d0: 6765 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ge files.*******\n+0001d8e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ************..GR\n+0001d8f0: 5542 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 7320 6f66 2073 UB consists of s\n+0001d900: 6576 6572 616c 2069 6d61 6765 733a 2061 everal images: a\n+0001d910: 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 variety of boot\n+0001d920: 7374 7261 7020 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 strap images for\n+0001d930: 0a73 7461 7274 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 .starting GRUB i\n+0001d940: 6e20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7761 7973 2c20 n various ways, \n+0001d950: 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 a kernel image, \n+0001d960: 616e 6420 6120 7365 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 and a set of mod\n+0001d970: 756c 6573 0a77 6869 6368 2061 7265 2063 ules.which are c\n+0001d980: 6f6d 6269 6e65 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 ombined with the\n+0001d990: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f kernel image to\n+0001d9a0: 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 636f 7265 2069 6d61 form a core ima\n+0001d9b0: 6765 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 0a61 2073 ge. Here is.a s\n+0001d9c0: 686f 7274 206f 7665 7276 6965 7720 6f66 hort overview of\n+0001d9d0: 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a e280 9862 6f6f 742e them......boot.\n+0001d9e0: 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2050 img.... On P\n+0001d9f0: 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 C BIOS systems, \n+0001da00: 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7468 this image is th\n+0001da10: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 e first part of \n+0001da20: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 6172 742e 0a20 GRUB to start.. \n+0001da30: 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 It is writte\n+0001da40: 6e20 746f 2061 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f n to a master bo\n+0001da50: 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 ot record (MBR) \n+0001da60: 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 or to the boot s\n+0001da70: 6563 746f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6120 ector. of a \n+0001da80: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4265 6361 partition. Beca\n+0001da90: 7573 6520 6120 5043 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 use a PC boot se\n+0001daa0: 6374 6f72 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 ctor is 512 byte\n+0001dab0: 732c 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 s, the size of. \n+0001dac0: 2020 2020 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 this image i\n+0001dad0: 7320 6578 6163 746c 7920 3531 3220 6279 s exactly 512 by\n+0001dae0: 7465 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 tes... The s\n+0001daf0: 6f6c 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 ole function of \n+0001db00: e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 ...boot.img... i\n+0001db10: 7320 746f 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 6669 s to read the fi\n+0001db20: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n+0001db30: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 e. core imag\n+0001db40: 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 206c 6f63 616c 2064 e from a local d\n+0001db50: 6973 6b20 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 2074 6f20 isk and jump to \n+0001db60: 6974 2e20 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 it. Because of \n+0001db70: 7468 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 7265 the size. re\n+0001db80: 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e2c 20e2 8098 626f striction, ...bo\n+0001db90: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e6e 6f74 ot.img... cannot\n+0001dba0: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 616e 7920 understand any \n+0001dbb0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 file system. \n+0001dbc0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2c20 736f 20e2 structure, so .\n+0001dbd0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n+0001dbe0: 9920 6861 7264 636f 6465 7320 7468 6520 . hardcodes the \n+0001dbf0: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 location of the \n+0001dc00: 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f first. secto\n+0001dc10: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d r of the core im\n+0001dc20: 6167 6520 696e 746f 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 age into ...boot\n+0001dc30: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7768 656e 2069 6e73 .img... when ins\n+0001dc40: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2e0a 0ae2 talling GRUB....\n+0001dc50: 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ..diskboot.img..\n+0001dc60: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 .. This imag\n+0001dc70: 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 e is used as the\n+0001dc80: 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 first sector of\n+0001dc90: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n+0001dca0: 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e when. bootin\n+0001dcb0: 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 g from a hard di\n+0001dcc0: 736b 2e20 2049 7420 7265 6164 7320 7468 sk. It reads th\n+0001dcd0: 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f e rest of the co\n+0001dce0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f0a 2020 re image into. \n+0001dcf0: 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 616e 6420 7374 memory and st\n+0001dd00: 6172 7473 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e arts the kernel.\n+0001dd10: 2020 5369 6e63 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 Since file sys\n+0001dd20: 7465 6d20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2069 7320 tem handling is \n+0001dd30: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2079 6574 2061 7661 not. yet ava\n+0001dd40: 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 2065 6e63 6f64 ilable, it encod\n+0001dd50: 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 es the location \n+0001dd60: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n+0001dd70: 6520 7573 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2062 e using a. b\n+0001dd80: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 666f 726d 6174 lock list format\n+0001dd90: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ......cdboot.img\n+0001dda0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d .... This im\n+0001ddb0: 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 age is used as t\n+0001ddc0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 he first sector \n+0001ddd0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n+0001dde0: 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 e when. boot\n+0001ddf0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f ing from a CD-RO\n+0001de00: 4d20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4974 2070 6572 M drive. It per\n+0001de10: 666f 726d 7320 6120 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 forms a similar \n+0001de20: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 function to. \n+0001de30: 20e2 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ...diskboot.img\n+0001de40: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9870 7865 626f 6f74 .........pxeboot\n+0001de50: 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 .img.... Thi\n+0001de60: 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 s image is used \n+0001de70: 6173 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 as the start of \n+0001de80: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 the core image w\n+0001de90: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d hen booting from\n+0001dea0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 . the networ\n+0001deb0: 6b20 7573 696e 6720 5058 452e 202a 4e6f k using PXE. *No\n+0001dec0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 te Network::....\n+0001ded0: 8098 6c6e 7862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 ..lnxboot.img...\n+0001dee0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 . This image\n+0001def0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 706c 6163 6564 2061 may be placed a\n+0001df00: 7420 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 t the start of t\n+0001df10: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e he core image in\n+0001df20: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206d order to. m\n+0001df30: 616b 6520 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b20 656e ake GRUB look en\n+0001df40: 6f75 6768 206c 696b 6520 6120 4c69 6e75 ough like a Linu\n+0001df50: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 x kernel that it\n+0001df60: 2063 616e 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2062 can be booted b\n+0001df70: 790a 2020 2020 204c 494c 4f20 7573 696e y. LILO usin\n+0001df80: 6720 616e 20e2 8098 696d 6167 653d e280 g an ...image=..\n+0001df90: 9920 7365 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 986b . section......k\n+0001dfa0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 ernel.img.... \n+0001dfb0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e This image con\n+0001dfc0: 7461 696e 7320 4752 5542 2773 2062 6173 tains GRUB's bas\n+0001dfd0: 6963 2072 756e 2d74 696d 6520 6661 6369 ic run-time faci\n+0001dfe0: 6c69 7469 6573 3a20 6672 616d 6577 6f72 lities: framewor\n+0001dff0: 6b73 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 6465 7669 ks. for devi\n+0001e000: 6365 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 6861 6e64 ce and file hand\n+0001e010: 6c69 6e67 2c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ling, environmen\n+0001e020: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2074 6865 t variables, the\n+0001e030: 2072 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 rescue. mod\n+0001e040: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2070 e command-line p\n+0001e050: 6172 7365 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e arser, and so on\n+0001e060: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6172 656c 7920 . It is rarely \n+0001e070: 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 0a20 used directly,. \n+0001e080: 2020 2020 6275 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 but is built\n+0001e090: 2069 6e74 6f20 616c 6c20 636f 7265 2069 into all core i\n+0001e0a0: 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a e280 9863 6f72 652e mages......core.\n+0001e0b0: 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 img.... This\n+0001e0c0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 is the core ima\n+0001e0d0: 6765 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 4974 2069 ge of GRUB. It i\n+0001e0e0: 7320 6275 696c 7420 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 s built dynamica\n+0001e0f0: 6c6c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 lly from the. \n+0001e100: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2061 kernel image a\n+0001e110: 6e64 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 nd an arbitrary \n+0001e120: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 list of modules \n+0001e130: 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d by the ...grub-m\n+0001e140: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 kimage.... p\n+0001e150: 726f 6772 616d 2e20 2055 7375 616c 6c79 rogram. Usually\n+0001e160: 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 656e , it contains en\n+0001e170: 6f75 6768 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 ough modules to \n+0001e180: 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f access. .../\n+0001e190: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e boot/grub..., an\n+0001e1a0: 6420 6c6f 6164 7320 6576 6572 7974 6869 d loads everythi\n+0001e1b0: 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 ng else (includi\n+0001e1c0: 6e67 206d 656e 7520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 ng menu handling\n+0001e1d0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 ,. the abili\n+0001e1e0: 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 6172 6765 ty to load targe\n+0001e1f0: 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 t operating syst\n+0001e200: 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2920 ems, and so on) \n+0001e210: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 from the. fi\n+0001e220: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2072 756e le system at run\n+0001e230: 2d74 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6d6f 6475 -time. The modu\n+0001e240: 6c61 7220 6465 7369 676e 2061 6c6c 6f77 lar design allow\n+0001e250: 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 s the core image\n+0001e260: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2062 6520 6b65 7074 . to be kept\n+0001e270: 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 7468 small, since th\n+0001e280: 6520 6172 6561 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 e areas of disk \n+0001e290: 7768 6572 6520 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 where it must be\n+0001e2a0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 . installed \n+0001e2b0: 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 2073 6d61 are often as sma\n+0001e2c0: 6c6c 2061 7320 3332 4b42 2e0a 0a20 2020 ll as 32KB... \n+0001e2d0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 *Note BIOS ins\n+0001e2e0: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 tallation::, for\n+0001e2f0: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e20 7768 6572 details on wher\n+0001e300: 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 e the core image\n+0001e310: 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2069 6e73 can. be ins\n+0001e320: 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 5043 2073 7973 talled on PC sys\n+0001e330: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a2e 6d6f 64e2 tems......*.mod.\n+0001e340: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4576 6572 7974 6869 ... Everythi\n+0001e350: 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 696e 2047 5255 4220 ng else in GRUB \n+0001e360: 7265 7369 6465 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d resides in dynam\n+0001e370: 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6461 626c 6520 ically loadable \n+0001e380: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 modules.. Th\n+0001e390: 6573 6520 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6c6f ese are often lo\n+0001e3a0: 6164 6564 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c aded automatical\n+0001e3b0: 6c79 2c20 6f72 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 ly, or built int\n+0001e3c0: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 o the core image\n+0001e3d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2074 6865 7920 6172 . if they ar\n+0001e3e0: 6520 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2c 2062 7574 e essential, but\n+0001e3f0: 206d 6179 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 may also be loa\n+0001e400: 6465 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2075 7369 ded manually usi\n+0001e410: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 ng the. ...i\n+0001e420: 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nsmod... command\n+0001e430: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a (*note insmod::\n+0001e440: 292e 0a0a 466f 7220 4752 5542 204c 6567 )...For GRUB Leg\n+0001e450: 6163 7920 7573 6572 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d acy users.======\n+0001e460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+0001e470: 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6861 7320 6120 6469 .GRUB 2 has a di\n+0001e480: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6465 7369 676e 2066 fferent design f\n+0001e490: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c rom GRUB Legacy,\n+0001e4a0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 636f 7272 6573 706f and so correspo\n+0001e4b0: 6e64 656e 6365 730a 7769 7468 2074 6865 ndences.with the\n+0001e4c0: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6974 2075 7365 6420 images it used \n+0001e4d0: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6163 742e cannot be exact.\n+0001e4e0: 2020 4e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 2c20 Nevertheless, \n+0001e4f0: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 790a 7573 6572 GRUB Legacy.user\n+0001e500: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 6b20 7175 6573 s often ask ques\n+0001e510: 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 tions in the ter\n+0001e520: 6d73 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6661 6d69 ms they are fami\n+0001e530: 6c69 6172 2077 6974 682c 2061 6e64 2073 liar with, and s\n+0001e540: 6f0a 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6272 6965 o.here is a brie\n+0001e550: 6620 6775 6964 6520 746f 2068 6f77 2047 f guide to how G\n+0001e560: 5255 4220 3227 7320 696d 6167 6573 2072 RUB 2's images r\n+0001e570: 656c 6174 6520 746f 2074 6861 742e 0a0a elate to that...\n+0001e580: e280 9873 7461 6765 31e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...stage1.... \n+0001e590: 2020 5374 6167 6520 3120 6672 6f6d 2047 Stage 1 from G\n+0001e5a0: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2077 6173 2076 RUB Legacy was v\n+0001e5b0: 6572 7920 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 ery similar to .\n+0001e5c0: 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e ..boot.img... in\n+0001e5d0: 2047 5255 4220 322c 0a20 2020 2020 616e GRUB 2,. an\n+0001e5e0: 6420 7468 6579 2073 6572 7665 2074 6865 d they serve the\n+0001e5f0: 2073 616d 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a same function..\n+0001e600: 0ae2 8098 2a5f 7374 6167 6531 5f35 e280 ....*_stage1_5..\n+0001e610: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 204c .. In GRUB L\n+0001e620: 6567 6163 792c 2053 7461 6765 2031 2e35 egacy, Stage 1.5\n+0001e630: 2773 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 's function was \n+0001e640: 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2065 6e6f 7567 to include enoug\n+0001e650: 680a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 h. filesyste\n+0001e660: 6d20 636f 6465 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 m code to allow \n+0001e670: 7468 6520 6d75 6368 206c 6172 6765 7220 the much larger \n+0001e680: 5374 6167 6520 3220 746f 2062 6520 7265 Stage 2 to be re\n+0001e690: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 ad from an. \n+0001e6a0: 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2066 696c 6573 7973 ordinary filesys\n+0001e6b0: 7465 6d2e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 7265 tem. In this re\n+0001e6c0: 7370 6563 742c 2069 7473 2066 756e 6374 spect, its funct\n+0001e6d0: 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 ion was similar \n+0001e6e0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e to. ...core.\n+0001e6f0: 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 img... in GRUB 2\n+0001e700: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 e280 9863 . However, ...c\n+0001e710: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6d75 ore.img... is mu\n+0001e720: 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6361 7061 626c 650a ch more capable.\n+0001e730: 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 5374 6167 6520 than Stage \n+0001e740: 312e 3520 7761 733b 2073 696e 6365 2069 1.5 was; since i\n+0001e750: 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 t offers a rescu\n+0001e760: 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2069 7420 6973 2073 e shell, it is s\n+0001e770: 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 706f ometimes. po\n+0001e780: 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 ssible to recove\n+0001e790: 7220 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 r manually in th\n+0001e7a0: 6520 6576 656e 7420 7468 6174 2069 7420 e event that it \n+0001e7b0: 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 is unable to loa\n+0001e7c0: 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 d. any other\n+0001e7d0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 666f 7220 6578 modules, for ex\n+0001e7e0: 616d 706c 6520 6966 2070 6172 7469 7469 ample if partiti\n+0001e7f0: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2068 6176 6520 on numbers have \n+0001e800: 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 changed.. ..\n+0001e810: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 .core.img... is \n+0001e820: 6275 696c 7420 696e 2061 206d 6f72 6520 built in a more \n+0001e830: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 2c20 616c flexible way, al\n+0001e840: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f lowing GRUB 2 to\n+0001e850: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 . support re\n+0001e860: 6164 696e 6720 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 ading modules fr\n+0001e870: 6f6d 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 6469 736b om advanced disk\n+0001e880: 2074 7970 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 204c types such as L\n+0001e890: 564d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4944 VM and. RAID\n+0001e8a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 204c 6567 ... GRUB Leg\n+0001e8b0: 6163 7920 636f 756c 6420 7275 6e20 7769 acy could run wi\n+0001e8c0: 7468 206f 6e6c 7920 5374 6167 6520 3120 th only Stage 1 \n+0001e8d0: 616e 6420 5374 6167 6520 3220 696e 2073 and Stage 2 in s\n+0001e8e0: 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 2020 ome limited. \n+0001e8f0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c configurations,\n+0001e900: 2077 6869 6c65 2047 5255 4220 3220 7265 while GRUB 2 re\n+0001e910: 7175 6972 6573 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 quires ...core.i\n+0001e920: 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 mg... and cannot\n+0001e930: 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 686f work. witho\n+0001e940: 7574 2069 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 ut it......stage\n+0001e950: 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2032 2.... GRUB 2\n+0001e960: 2068 6173 206e 6f20 7369 6e67 6c65 2053 has no single S\n+0001e970: 7461 6765 2032 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2049 tage 2 image. I\n+0001e980: 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 6974 206c 6f61 6473 nstead, it loads\n+0001e990: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 modules from. \n+0001e9a0: 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 .../boot/grub\n+0001e9b0: e280 9920 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e ... at run-time.\n+0001e9c0: 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 325f 656c 746f .....stage2_elto\n+0001e9d0: 7269 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 rito.... In \n+0001e9e0: 4752 5542 2032 2c20 696d 6167 6573 2066 GRUB 2, images f\n+0001e9f0: 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 or booting from \n+0001ea00: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 CD-ROM drives ar\n+0001ea10: 6520 6e6f 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 e now. const\n+0001ea20: 7275 6374 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 ructed using ...\n+0001ea30: 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e cdboot.img... an\n+0001ea40: 6420 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 d ...core.img...\n+0001ea50: 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 6520 7468 , making sure th\n+0001ea60: 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7265 at the. core\n+0001ea70: 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 image contains \n+0001ea80: 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 the ...iso9660..\n+0001ea90: 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2049 7420 6973 . module. It is\n+0001eaa0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6573 7420 746f usually best to\n+0001eab0: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 . use the ..\n+0001eac0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 .grub-mkrescue..\n+0001ead0: 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 666f 7220 7468 . program for th\n+0001eae0: 6973 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 e280 is......nbgrub..\n+0001eaf0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 .. There is \n+0001eb00: 6173 2079 6574 206e 6f20 6571 7569 7661 as yet no equiva\n+0001eb10: 6c65 6e74 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6e62 6772 lent for ...nbgr\n+0001eb20: 7562 e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 323b ub... in GRUB 2;\n+0001eb30: 2069 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 it was used. \n+0001eb40: 2020 6279 2045 7468 6572 626f 6f74 2061 by Etherboot a\n+0001eb50: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 nd some other ne\n+0001eb60: 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 twork boot loade\n+0001eb70: 7273 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 6567 7275 62e2 rs......pxegrub.\n+0001eb80: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 ... In GRUB \n+0001eb90: 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 5058 2, images for PX\n+0001eba0: 4520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e E network bootin\n+0001ebb0: 6720 6172 6520 6e6f 7720 636f 6e73 7472 g are now constr\n+0001ebc0: 7563 7465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 ucted using. \n+0001ebd0: 20e2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 ...pxeboot.img.\n+0001ebe0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 .. and ...core.i\n+0001ebf0: 6d67 e280 992c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 mg..., making su\n+0001ec00: 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f 7265 re that the core\n+0001ec10: 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 image. cont\n+0001ec20: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7078 65e2 ains the ...pxe.\n+0001ec30: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6d64 .. and ...pxecmd\n+0001ec40: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e ... modules. *N\n+0001ec50: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+0001ec60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0001ec70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7265 2069 o, Node: Core i\n+0001ec80: 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 mage size limita\n+0001ec90: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c tion, Next: Fil\n+0001eca0: 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 esystem, Prev: \n+0001ecb0: 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 Images, Up: Top\n+0001ecc0: 0a0a 3132 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 ..12 Core image \n+0001ecd0: 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e0a size limitation.\n 0001ece0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001ecf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a48 6561 7669 *********..Heavi\n-0001ed00: 6c79 206c 696d 6974 6564 2070 6c61 7466 ly limited platf\n-0001ed10: 6f72 6d73 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 orms:. ... i38\n-0001ed20: 362d 7063 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 2061 6e64 6-pc (normal and\n-0001ed30: 2050 5845 293a 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 PXE): the core \n-0001ed40: 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 2028 636f 6d70 image size (comp\n-0001ed50: 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 ressed) is. \n-0001ed60: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2034 3538 3234 limited by 45824\n-0001ed70: 3020 6279 7465 732e 2020 6b65 726e 656c 0 bytes. kernel\n-0001ed80: 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 .img (.text + .d\n-0001ed90: 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2c0a 2020 2020 ata + .bss,. \n-0001eda0: 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 uncompressed) i\n-0001edb0: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2033 3932 s limited by 392\n-0001edc0: 3730 3420 6279 7465 732e 2020 6d6f 6475 704 bytes. modu\n-0001edd0: 6c65 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 2028 756e le size. (un\n-0001ede0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 6b65 compressed) + ke\n-0001edf0: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 rnel.img (.text \n-0001ee00: 2b20 2e64 6174 612c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 + .data, uncompr\n-0001ee10: 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c essed) is. l\n-0001ee20: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7369 imited by the si\n-0001ee30: 7a65 206f 6620 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 ze of contiguous\n-0001ee40: 2063 6875 6e6b 2061 7420 314d 2061 6464 chunk at 1M add\n-0001ee50: 7265 7373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2073 7061 ress.. ... spa\n-0001ee60: 7263 3634 2d69 6565 6531 3237 353a 206b rc64-ieee1275: k\n-0001ee70: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 ernel.img (.text\n-0001ee80: 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 + .data + .bss)\n-0001ee90: 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 0a20 2020 + modules +. \n-0001eea0: 2020 3235 364b 2028 7374 6163 6b29 202b 256K (stack) +\n-0001eeb0: 2032 4d20 2868 6561 7029 2069 7320 6c69 2M (heap) is li\n-0001eec0: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 2061 mited by space a\n-0001eed0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 3434 vailable at 0x44\n-0001eee0: 3030 2e0a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 6d6f 7374 00.. On most\n-0001eef0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 7427 7320 platforms it's \n-0001ef00: 6a75 7374 2033 206f 7220 344d 2073 696e just 3 or 4M sin\n-0001ef10: 6365 2069 6565 6531 3237 3520 6d61 7073 ce ieee1275 maps\n-0001ef20: 206f 6e6c 7920 736f 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 only so. mu\n-0001ef30: 6368 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d ch.. ... i386-\n-0001ef40: 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 726e 656c ieee1275: kernel\n-0001ef50: 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 .img (.text + .d\n-0001ef60: 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f ata + .bss) + mo\n-0001ef70: 6475 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 dules is. li\n-0001ef80: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 206d 656d 6f72 7920 mited by memory \n-0001ef90: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 7831 available at 0x1\n-0001efa0: 3030 3030 2c20 6174 206d 6f73 7420 3539 0000, at most 59\n-0001efb0: 364b 0a0a 2020 204c 6967 6874 6c79 206c 6K.. Lightly l\n-0001efc0: 696d 6974 6564 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 imited platforms\n-0001efd0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2a2d 7865 6e3a :.. ... *-xen:\n-0001efe0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6279 limited only by\n-0001eff0: 2061 6472 6573 7320 7370 6163 6520 616e adress space an\n-0001f000: 6420 5241 4d20 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 20e2 d RAM size.. .\n-0001f010: 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7165 6d75 3a20 6b65 .. i386-qemu: ke\n-0001f020: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 rnel.img (.text \n-0001f030: 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 + .data + .bss) \n-0001f040: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 is limited by 39\n-0001f050: 3237 3034 0a20 2020 2020 6279 7465 732e 2704. bytes.\n-0001f060: 2020 2863 6f72 652e 696d 6720 776f 756c (core.img woul\n-0001f070: 6420 6265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 d be limited by \n-0001f080: 524f 4d20 7369 7a65 2062 7574 2069 7427 ROM size but it'\n-0001f090: 7320 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 2020 s unlimited. \n-0001f0a0: 206f 6e20 7165 6d75 0a20 2020 e280 a220 on qemu. ... \n-0001f0b0: 416c 6c20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d All EFI platform\n-0001f0c0: 733a 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 636f s: limited by co\n-0001f0d0: 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2052 414d 2073 697a ntiguous RAM siz\n-0001f0e0: 6520 616e 6420 706f 7373 6962 6c79 0a20 e and possibly. \n-0001f0f0: 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 2062 7567 firmware bug\n-0001f100: 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f s. ... Coreboo\n-0001f110: 7420 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742e t and multiboot.\n-0001f120: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 kernel.img (.t\n-0001f130: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 ext + .data + .b\n-0001f140: 7373 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 ss) is. limi\n-0001f150: 7465 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 3420 6279 ted by 392704 by\n-0001f160: 7465 732e 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 697a tes. module siz\n-0001f170: 6520 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 e is limited by \n-0001f180: 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a 2020 2020 the size of. \n-0001f190: 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 6368 756e contiguous chun\n-0001f1a0: 6b20 6174 2031 4d20 6164 6472 6573 732e k at 1M address.\n-0001f1b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c . ... mipsel-l\n-0001f1c0: 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2845 4c46 292c 206d oongson (ELF), m\n-0001f1d0: 6970 7328 656c 292d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 ips(el)-qemu_mip\n-0001f1e0: 7320 2845 4c46 293a 2069 6620 756e 636f s (ELF): if unco\n-0001f1f0: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 3a0a 2020 2020 206b mpressed:. k\n-0001f200: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 ernel.img (.text\n-0001f210: 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 + .data) + modu\n-0001f220: 6c65 7320 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 les is limited b\n-0001f230: 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d y the space from\n-0001f240: 0a20 2020 2020 3830 3230 3030 3030 2066 . 80200000 f\n-0001f250: 6f72 7761 7264 2069 6620 636f 6d70 7265 orward if compre\n-0001f260: 7373 6564 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 ssed: kernel.img\n-0001f270: 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c (.text + .data,\n-0001f280: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 . uncompress\n-0001f290: 6564 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2875 ed) + modules (u\n-0001f2a0: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 2028 ncompressed) + (\n-0001f2b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b20 6b65 726e 656c modules + kernel\n-0001f2c0: 2e69 6d67 0a20 2020 2020 282e 7465 7874 .img. (.text\n-0001f2d0: 202b 202e 6461 7461 2929 2028 636f 6d70 + .data)) (comp\n-0001f2e0: 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 6465 636f 6d70 ressed) + decomp\n-0001f2f0: 7265 7373 6f72 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 ressor is limite\n-0001f300: 6420 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7370 d by the. sp\n-0001f310: 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 3032 3030 3030 ace from 8020000\n-0001f320: 3020 666f 7277 6172 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 0 forward. ...\n-0001f330: 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e mipsel-loongson\n-0001f340: 2028 466c 6173 6829 2c20 6d69 7073 2865 (Flash), mips(e\n-0001f350: 6c29 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2028 466c l)-qemu_mips (Fl\n-0001f360: 6173 6829 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 ash): kernel.img\n-0001f370: 0a20 2020 2020 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e . (.text + .\n-0001f380: 6461 7461 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 data) + modules \n-0001f390: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 is limited by th\n-0001f3a0: 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 3032 e space from 802\n-0001f3b0: 3030 3030 300a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 7761 00000. forwa\n-0001f3c0: 7264 2063 6f72 652e 696d 6720 2866 696e rd core.img (fin\n-0001f3d0: 616c 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 al) is limited b\n-0001f3e0: 7920 666c 6173 6820 7369 7a65 2028 3531 y flash size (51\n-0001f3f0: 324b 206f 6e20 7965 656c 6f6f 6e67 0a20 2K on yeeloong. \n-0001f400: 2020 2020 616e 6420 6675 6c6f 6f6f 6e67 and fulooong\n-0001f410: 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 732d 6172 ). ... mips-ar\n-0001f420: 633a 2069 6620 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 c: if uncompress\n-0001f430: 6564 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 ed: kernel.img (\n-0001f440: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2069 .text + .data) i\n-0001f450: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 s limited by. \n-0001f460: 2020 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d the space from\n-0001f470: 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 6172 8bd00000 forwar\n-0001f480: 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b20 6475 6d6d d modules + dumm\n-0001f490: 7920 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 2069 y decompressor i\n-0001f4a0: 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 s. limited b\n-0001f4b0: 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d y the space from\n-0001f4c0: 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 6261 636b 7761 8bd00000 backwa\n-0001f4d0: 7264 2069 6620 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 rd if compressed\n-0001f4e0: 3a0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d :. kernel.im\n-0001f4f0: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n-0001f500: 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 , uncompressed) \n-0001f510: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 is limited by th\n-0001f520: 6520 7370 6163 650a 2020 2020 2066 726f e space. fro\n-0001f530: 6d20 3862 6430 3030 3030 2066 6f72 7761 m 8bd00000 forwa\n-0001f540: 7264 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 756e 636f rd modules (unco\n-0001f550: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 286d 6f64 mpressed) + (mod\n-0001f560: 756c 6573 202b 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e ules +. kern\n-0001f570: 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 el.img (.text + \n-0001f580: 2e64 6174 6129 2920 2863 6f6d 7072 6573 .data)) (compres\n-0001f590: 7365 642c 2061 6c69 676e 6564 2074 6f20 sed, aligned to \n-0001f5a0: 314d 2920 2b20 314d 0a20 2020 2020 2864 1M) + 1M. (d\n-0001f5b0: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 2b20 7363 ecompressor + sc\n-0001f5c0: 7261 7463 6820 7370 6163 6529 2069 7320 ratch space) is \n-0001f5d0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 limited by the s\n-0001f5e0: 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2038 pace from. 8\n-0001f5f0: 6264 3030 3030 3020 6261 636b 7761 7264 bd00000 backward\n-0001f600: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 706f 7765 7270 632d . ... powerpc-\n-0001f610: 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 726e 656c ieee1275: kernel\n-0001f620: 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 .img (.text + .d\n-0001f630: 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f ata + .bss) + mo\n-0001f640: 6475 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 dules is. li\n-0001f650: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 2061 mited by space a\n-0001f660: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 3230 vailable at 0x20\n-0001f670: 3030 3030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 0000....File: gr\n-0001f680: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0001f690: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 204e 6578 Filesystem, Nex\n-0001f6a0: 743a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2050 t: Interface, P\n-0001f6b0: 7265 763a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 rev: Core image \n-0001f6c0: 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c size limitation,\n-0001f6d0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3320 4669 Up: Top..13 Fi\n-0001f6e0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e 7461 7820 lesystem syntax \n-0001f6f0: 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 730a 2a2a and semantics.**\n-0001f700: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001ecf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a48 *************..H\n+0001ed00: 6561 7669 6c79 206c 696d 6974 6564 2070 eavily limited p\n+0001ed10: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 latforms:. ...\n+0001ed20: 2069 3338 362d 7063 2028 6e6f 726d 616c i386-pc (normal\n+0001ed30: 2061 6e64 2050 5845 293a 2074 6865 2063 and PXE): the c\n+0001ed40: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 2028 ore image size (\n+0001ed50: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 compressed) is. \n+0001ed60: 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2034 limited by 4\n+0001ed70: 3538 3234 3020 6279 7465 732e 2020 6b65 58240 bytes. ke\n+0001ed80: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 rnel.img (.text \n+0001ed90: 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2c0a + .data + .bss,.\n+0001eda0: 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 uncompresse\n+0001edb0: 6429 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 d) is limited by\n+0001edc0: 2033 3932 3730 3420 6279 7465 732e 2020 392704 bytes. \n+0001edd0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 module size. \n+0001ede0: 2028 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 (uncompressed) \n+0001edf0: 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 + kernel.img (.t\n+0001ee00: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c 2075 6e63 ext + .data, unc\n+0001ee10: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 ompressed) is. \n+0001ee20: 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 limited by th\n+0001ee30: 6520 7369 7a65 206f 6620 636f 6e74 6967 e size of contig\n+0001ee40: 756f 7573 2063 6875 6e6b 2061 7420 314d uous chunk at 1M\n+0001ee50: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 address.. ...\n+0001ee60: 2073 7061 7263 3634 2d69 6565 6531 3237 sparc64-ieee127\n+0001ee70: 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 5: kernel.img (.\n+0001ee80: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e text + .data + .\n+0001ee90: 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 202b bss) + modules +\n+0001eea0: 0a20 2020 2020 3235 364b 2028 7374 6163 . 256K (stac\n+0001eeb0: 6b29 202b 2032 4d20 2868 6561 7029 2069 k) + 2M (heap) i\n+0001eec0: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 s limited by spa\n+0001eed0: 6365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 ce available at \n+0001eee0: 3078 3434 3030 2e0a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 0x4400.. On \n+0001eef0: 6d6f 7374 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 most platforms i\n+0001ef00: 7427 7320 6a75 7374 2033 206f 7220 344d t's just 3 or 4M\n+0001ef10: 2073 696e 6365 2069 6565 6531 3237 3520 since ieee1275 \n+0001ef20: 6d61 7073 206f 6e6c 7920 736f 0a20 2020 maps only so. \n+0001ef30: 2020 6d75 6368 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 much.. ... i\n+0001ef40: 3338 362d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 386-ieee1275: ke\n+0001ef50: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 rnel.img (.text \n+0001ef60: 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 + .data + .bss) \n+0001ef70: 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 2020 + modules is. \n+0001ef80: 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 206d 656d limited by mem\n+0001ef90: 6f72 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 ory available at\n+0001efa0: 2030 7831 3030 3030 2c20 6174 206d 6f73 0x10000, at mos\n+0001efb0: 7420 3539 364b 0a0a 2020 204c 6967 6874 t 596K.. Light\n+0001efc0: 6c79 206c 696d 6974 6564 2070 6c61 7466 ly limited platf\n+0001efd0: 6f72 6d73 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2a2d orms:.. ... *-\n+0001efe0: 7865 6e3a 206c 696d 6974 6564 206f 6e6c xen: limited onl\n+0001eff0: 7920 6279 2061 6472 6573 7320 7370 6163 y by adress spac\n+0001f000: 6520 616e 6420 5241 4d20 7369 7a65 2e0a e and RAM size..\n+0001f010: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7165 6d75 ... i386-qemu\n+0001f020: 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 : kernel.img (.t\n+0001f030: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 ext + .data + .b\n+0001f040: 7373 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 ss) is limited b\n+0001f050: 7920 3339 3237 3034 0a20 2020 2020 6279 y 392704. by\n+0001f060: 7465 732e 2020 2863 6f72 652e 696d 6720 tes. (core.img \n+0001f070: 776f 756c 6420 6265 206c 696d 6974 6564 would be limited\n+0001f080: 2062 7920 524f 4d20 7369 7a65 2062 7574 by ROM size but\n+0001f090: 2069 7427 7320 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 640a it's unlimited.\n+0001f0a0: 2020 2020 206f 6e20 7165 6d75 0a20 2020 on qemu. \n+0001f0b0: e280 a220 416c 6c20 4546 4920 706c 6174 ... All EFI plat\n+0001f0c0: 666f 726d 733a 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 forms: limited b\n+0001f0d0: 7920 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2052 414d y contiguous RAM\n+0001f0e0: 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 706f 7373 6962 size and possib\n+0001f0f0: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 ly. firmware\n+0001f100: 2062 7567 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 6f72 bugs. ... Cor\n+0001f110: 6562 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 eboot and multib\n+0001f120: 6f6f 742e 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 oot. kernel.img\n+0001f130: 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 (.text + .data \n+0001f140: 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 + .bss) is. \n+0001f150: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 limited by 39270\n+0001f160: 3420 6279 7465 732e 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 4 bytes. module\n+0001f170: 2073 697a 6520 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 size is limited\n+0001f180: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a by the size of.\n+0001f190: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 contiguous \n+0001f1a0: 6368 756e 6b20 6174 2031 4d20 6164 6472 chunk at 1M addr\n+0001f1b0: 6573 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 ess.. ... mips\n+0001f1c0: 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2845 4c46 el-loongson (ELF\n+0001f1d0: 292c 206d 6970 7328 656c 292d 7165 6d75 ), mips(el)-qemu\n+0001f1e0: 5f6d 6970 7320 2845 4c46 293a 2069 6620 _mips (ELF): if \n+0001f1f0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 3a0a 2020 uncompressed:. \n+0001f200: 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e kernel.img (.\n+0001f210: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 2b20 text + .data) + \n+0001f220: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 206c 696d 6974 modules is limit\n+0001f230: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 ed by the space \n+0001f240: 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 3830 3230 3030 from. 802000\n+0001f250: 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 2069 6620 636f 00 forward if co\n+0001f260: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 3a20 6b65 726e 656c mpressed: kernel\n+0001f270: 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 .img (.text + .d\n+0001f280: 6174 612c 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 ata,. uncomp\n+0001f290: 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 ressed) + module\n+0001f2a0: 7320 2875 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 s (uncompressed)\n+0001f2b0: 202b 2028 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b20 6b65 + (modules + ke\n+0001f2c0: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 0a20 2020 2020 282e rnel.img. (.\n+0001f2d0: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2929 2028 text + .data)) (\n+0001f2e0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 6465 compressed) + de\n+0001f2f0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 2069 7320 6c69 compressor is li\n+0001f300: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 mited by the. \n+0001f310: 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 3032 space from 802\n+0001f320: 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 6172 640a 2020 00000 forward. \n+0001f330: 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e ... mipsel-loon\n+0001f340: 6773 6f6e 2028 466c 6173 6829 2c20 6d69 gson (Flash), mi\n+0001f350: 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 ps(el)-qemu_mips\n+0001f360: 2028 466c 6173 6829 3a20 6b65 726e 656c (Flash): kernel\n+0001f370: 2e69 6d67 0a20 2020 2020 282e 7465 7874 .img. (.text\n+0001f380: 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 + .data) + modu\n+0001f390: 6c65 7320 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 les is limited b\n+0001f3a0: 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d y the space from\n+0001f3b0: 2038 3032 3030 3030 300a 2020 2020 2066 80200000. f\n+0001f3c0: 6f72 7761 7264 2063 6f72 652e 696d 6720 orward core.img \n+0001f3d0: 2866 696e 616c 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 (final) is limit\n+0001f3e0: 6564 2062 7920 666c 6173 6820 7369 7a65 ed by flash size\n+0001f3f0: 2028 3531 324b 206f 6e20 7965 656c 6f6f (512K on yeeloo\n+0001f400: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6675 6c6f ng. and fulo\n+0001f410: 6f6f 6e67 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 oong). ... mip\n+0001f420: 732d 6172 633a 2069 6620 756e 636f 6d70 s-arc: if uncomp\n+0001f430: 7265 7373 6564 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 ressed: kernel.i\n+0001f440: 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 mg (.text + .dat\n+0001f450: 6129 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 a) is limited by\n+0001f460: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 . the space \n+0001f470: 6672 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 666f from 8bd00000 fo\n+0001f480: 7277 6172 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b20 rward modules + \n+0001f490: 6475 6d6d 7920 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 dummy decompress\n+0001f4a0: 6f72 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 or is. limit\n+0001f4b0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 ed by the space \n+0001f4c0: 6672 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 6261 from 8bd00000 ba\n+0001f4d0: 636b 7761 7264 2069 6620 636f 6d70 7265 ckward if compre\n+0001f4e0: 7373 6564 3a0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 ssed:. kerne\n+0001f4f0: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n+0001f500: 6461 7461 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 data, uncompress\n+0001f510: 6564 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 ed) is limited b\n+0001f520: 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 650a 2020 2020 y the space. \n+0001f530: 2066 726f 6d20 3862 6430 3030 3030 2066 from 8bd00000 f\n+0001f540: 6f72 7761 7264 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 orward modules (\n+0001f550: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 uncompressed) + \n+0001f560: 286d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 0a20 2020 2020 (modules +. \n+0001f570: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n+0001f580: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2920 2863 6f6d t + .data)) (com\n+0001f590: 7072 6573 7365 642c 2061 6c69 676e 6564 pressed, aligned\n+0001f5a0: 2074 6f20 314d 2920 2b20 314d 0a20 2020 to 1M) + 1M. \n+0001f5b0: 2020 2864 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 (decompressor \n+0001f5c0: 2b20 7363 7261 7463 6820 7370 6163 6529 + scratch space)\n+0001f5d0: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 is limited by t\n+0001f5e0: 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 he space from. \n+0001f5f0: 2020 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 6261 636b 8bd00000 back\n+0001f600: 7761 7264 0a20 2020 e280 a220 706f 7765 ward. ... powe\n+0001f610: 7270 632d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 rpc-ieee1275: ke\n+0001f620: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 rnel.img (.text \n+0001f630: 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 + .data + .bss) \n+0001f640: 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 2020 + modules is. \n+0001f650: 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 limited by spa\n+0001f660: 6365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 ce available at \n+0001f670: 3078 3230 3030 3030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 0x200000....File\n+0001f680: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0001f690: 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 de: Filesystem, \n+0001f6a0: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Next: Interface\n+0001f6b0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f72 6520 696d , Prev: Core im\n+0001f6c0: 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 age size limitat\n+0001f6d0: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 ion, Up: Top..1\n+0001f6e0: 3320 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e 3 Filesystem syn\n+0001f6f0: 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 tax and semantic\n+0001f700: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n 0001f710: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001f720: 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 ..GRUB uses a sp\n-0001f730: 6563 6961 6c20 7379 6e74 6178 2066 6f72 ecial syntax for\n-0001f740: 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6469 736b specifying disk\n-0001f750: 2064 7269 7665 7320 7768 6963 6820 6361 drives which ca\n-0001f760: 6e20 6265 0a61 6363 6573 7365 6420 6279 n be.accessed by\n-0001f770: 2042 494f 532e 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f BIOS. Because o\n-0001f780: 6620 4249 4f53 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f f BIOS limitatio\n-0001f790: 6e73 2c20 4752 5542 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 ns, GRUB cannot \n-0001f7a0: 6469 7374 696e 6775 6973 680a 6265 7477 distinguish.betw\n-0001f7b0: 6565 6e20 4944 452c 2045 5344 492c 2053 een IDE, ESDI, S\n-0001f7c0: 4353 492c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 CSI, or others. \n-0001f7d0: 2059 6f75 206d 7573 7420 6b6e 6f77 2079 You must know y\n-0001f7e0: 6f75 7273 656c 6620 7768 6963 6820 4249 ourself which BI\n-0001f7f0: 4f53 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6973 2065 7175 OS.device is equ\n-0001f800: 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 2077 6869 6368 ivalent to which\n-0001f810: 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 2e20 204e 6f72 OS device. Nor\n-0001f820: 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c mally, that will\n-0001f830: 2062 6520 636c 6561 720a 6966 2079 6f75 be clear.if you\n-0001f840: 2073 6565 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 2069 see the files i\n-0001f850: 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 206f 7220 7573 n a device or us\n-0001f860: 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 e the command ..\n-0001f870: 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 .search... (*not\n-0001f880: 650a 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 e.search::)...* \n-0001f890: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2044 6576 6963 6520 Menu:..* Device \n-0001f8a0: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 syntax:: \n-0001f8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 How to sp\n-0001f8c0: 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 730a 2a20 ecify devices.* \n-0001f8d0: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n-0001f8e0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f :: Ho\n-0001f8f0: 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c w to specify fil\n-0001f900: 6573 0a2a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 es.* Block list \n-0001f910: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 syntax:: \n-0001f920: 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 How to specif\n-0001f930: 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 730a 0a1f y block lists...\n-0001f940: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0001f950: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2044 6576 6963 6520 , Node: Device \n-0001f960: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 syntax, Next: F\n-0001f970: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c ile name syntax,\n-0001f980: 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Up: Filesystem\n-0001f990: 0a0a 3133 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 ..13.1 How to sp\n-0001f9a0: 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d ecify devices.==\n-0001f9b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001f9c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2064 =========..The d\n-0001f9d0: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 evice syntax is \n-0001f9e0: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n-0001f9f0: 2028 4445 5649 4345 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 (DEVICE[,PARTMA\n-0001fa00: 502d 4e41 4d45 3150 4152 542d 4e55 4d31 P-NAME1PART-NUM1\n-0001fa10: 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3250 [,PARTMAP-NAME2P\n-0001fa20: 4152 542d 4e55 4d32 5b2c 2e2e 2e5d 5d5d ART-NUM2[,...]]]\n-0001fa30: 290a 0a20 2020 e280 985b 5de2 8099 206d ).. ...[]... m\n-0001fa40: 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 eans the paramet\n-0001fa50: 6572 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2e20 er is optional. \n-0001fa60: 2044 4556 4943 4520 6465 7065 6e64 7320 DEVICE depends \n-0001fa70: 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 on the disk.driv\n-0001fa80: 6572 2069 6e20 7573 652e 2020 4249 4f53 er in use. BIOS\n-0001fa90: 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2064 6973 6b73 2075 and EFI disks u\n-0001faa0: 7365 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 9866 64e2 se either ...fd.\n-0001fab0: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 64e2 8099 2066 .. or ...hd... f\n-0001fac0: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 0a64 6967 ollowed by a.dig\n-0001fad0: 6974 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6664 30e2 it, like ...fd0.\n-0001fae0: 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6364 e280 992e .., or ...cd....\n-0001faf0: 2020 4148 4349 2c20 5041 5441 2028 6174 AHCI, PATA (at\n-0001fb00: 6129 2c20 6372 7970 746f 2c20 5553 4220 a), crypto, USB \n-0001fb10: 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 0a6f 6620 use the name.of \n-0001fb20: 6472 6976 6572 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 driver followed \n-0001fb30: 6279 2061 206e 756d 6265 722e 2020 4d65 by a number. Me\n-0001fb40: 6d64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 686f 7374 2061 mdisk and host a\n-0001fb50: 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6f6e re limited to on\n-0001fb60: 650a 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6974 e.disk and so it\n-0001fb70: 2773 2072 6566 6572 6564 206a 7573 7420 's refered just \n-0001fb80: 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 by driver name. \n-0001fb90: 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2c20 6f66 6469 RAID (md), ofdi\n-0001fba0: 736b 0a28 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 sk.(ieee1275 and\n-0001fbb0: 206e 616e 6429 2c20 4c56 4d20 286c 766d nand), LVM (lvm\n-0001fbc0: 292c 204c 444d 2c20 7669 7274 696f 2028 ), LDM, virtio (\n-0001fbd0: 7664 736b 2920 616e 6420 6172 6364 6973 vdsk) and arcdis\n-0001fbe0: 6b20 2861 7263 2920 7573 650a 696e 7472 k (arc) use.intr\n-0001fbf0: 696e 7369 6320 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6469 insic name of di\n-0001fc00: 736b 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 2064 sk prefixed by d\n-0001fc10: 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2041 6464 river name. Add\n-0001fc20: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 6a75 7374 0a22 itionally just.\"\n-0001fc30: 6e61 6e64 2220 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 nand\" refers to \n-0001fc40: 7468 6520 6469 736b 2061 6c69 6173 6564 the disk aliased\n-0001fc50: 2061 7320 226e 616e 6422 2e20 2043 6f6e as \"nand\". Con\n-0001fc60: 666c 6963 7473 2061 7265 2073 6f6c 7665 flicts are solve\n-0001fc70: 6420 6279 0a73 7566 6669 7869 6e67 2061 d by.suffixing a\n-0001fc80: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6966 206e 6563 6573 number if neces\n-0001fc90: 7361 7272 792e 2020 436f 6d6d 6173 206e sarry. Commas n\n-0001fca0: 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 6573 6361 7065 eed to be escape\n-0001fcb0: 642e 2020 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a75 7365 d. Loopback.use\n-0001fcc0: 7320 7768 6174 6576 6572 206e 616d 6520 s whatever name \n-0001fcd0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 20e2 8098 specified to ...\n-0001fce0: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b e280 9920 636f 6d6d loopback... comm\n-0001fcf0: 616e 642e 2020 486f 7374 6469 736b 2075 and. Hostdisk u\n-0001fd00: 7365 7320 6e61 6d65 730a 7370 6563 6966 ses names.specif\n-0001fd10: 6965 6420 696e 2064 6576 6963 652e 6d61 ied in device.ma\n-0001fd20: 7020 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2069 7427 p as long as it'\n-0001fd30: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d20 5b66 s of the form [f\n-0001fd40: 6863 5d64 5b30 2d39 5d2a 206f 720a 686f hc]d[0-9]* or.ho\n-0001fd50: 7374 6469 736b 2f3c 4f53 2044 4556 4943 stdisk/. For crypto \n-0001fd70: 616e 6420 5241 4944 2028 6d64 2920 6164 and RAID (md) ad\n-0001fd80: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 ditionally you c\n-0001fd90: 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 2073 796e 7461 an use.the synta\n-0001fda0: 7820 3c64 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 3e75 x u\n-0001fdb0: 7569 642f 3c75 7569 643e 2e20 2046 6f72 uid/. For\n-0001fdc0: 204c 564d 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c LVM additionall\n-0001fdd0: 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 7468 y you can use.th\n-0001fde0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 206c 766d 6964 2f3c e syntax lvmid/<\n-0001fdf0: 766f 6c75 6d65 2d67 726f 7570 2d75 7569 volume-group-uui\n-0001fe00: 643e 2f3c 766f 6c75 6d65 2d75 7569 643e d>/\n-0001fe10: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2866 6430 290a 2020 ... (fd0). \n-0001fe20: 2020 2028 6864 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 (hd0). (c\n-0001fe30: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 2861 6863 6930 290a d). (ahci0).\n-0001fe40: 2020 2020 2028 6174 6130 290a 2020 2020 (ata0). \n-0001fe50: 2028 6372 7970 746f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 (crypto0). \n-0001fe60: 2875 7362 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 7279 (usb0). (cry\n-0001fe70: 7074 6f75 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 ptouuid/12345678\n-0001fe80: 3961 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 9abcdef012345678\n-0001fe90: 3961 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 9abcdef0). (\n-0001fea0: 6d64 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 3839 mduuid/123456789\n-0001feb0: 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 abcdef0123456789\n-0001fec0: 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 286c abcdef0). (l\n-0001fed0: 766d 2f73 7973 7465 6d2d 726f 6f74 290a vm/system-root).\n-0001fee0: 2020 2020 2028 6c76 6d69 642f 4631 696b (lvmid/F1ik\n-0001fef0: 6744 2d32 5245 532d 3330 3647 2d69 6c39 gD-2RES-306G-il9\n-0001ff00: 4d2d 3769 7761 2d34 4e4b 572d 4562 5631 M-7iwa-4NKW-EbV1\n-0001ff10: 4e56 2f65 4c47 7543 512d 4c34 4b61 2d58 NV/eLGuCQ-L4Ka-X\n-0001ff20: 5567 522d 736a 744a 2d66 6663 682d 6261 UgR-sjtJ-ffch-ba\n-0001ff30: 6a72 2d66 434e 667a 3529 0a20 2020 2020 jr-fCNfz5). \n-0001ff40: 286d 642f 6d79 7261 6964 290a 2020 2020 (md/myraid). \n-0001ff50: 2028 6d64 2f30 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 (md/0). (ie\n-0001ff60: 6565 3132 3735 2f64 6973 6b32 290a 2020 ee1275/disk2). \n-0001ff70: 2020 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f2f 7063 (ieee1275//pc\n-0001ff80: 6940 3166 5c2c 302f 6964 6540 642f 6469 i@1f\\,0/ide@d/di\n-0001ff90: 736b 4032 290a 2020 2020 2028 6e61 6e64 sk@2). (nand\n-0001ffa0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d65 6d64 6973 6b29 ). (memdisk)\n-0001ffb0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7429 0a20 2020 . (host). \n-0001ffc0: 2020 286d 796c 6f6f 7029 0a20 2020 2020 (myloop). \n-0001ffd0: 2868 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 2f64 6576 2f73 (hostdisk//dev/s\n-0001ffe0: 6461 290a 0a20 2020 5041 5254 2d4e 554d da).. PART-NUM\n-0001fff0: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7468 6520 represents the \n-00020000: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 partition number\n-00020010: 206f 6620 4445 5649 4345 2c20 7374 6172 of DEVICE, star\n-00020020: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a 6f6e 652e 2020 ting from.one. \n-00020030: 5041 5254 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 6f70 7469 PARTNAME is opti\n-00020040: 6f6e 616c 2062 7574 2069 7320 7265 636f onal but is reco\n-00020050: 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 7369 6e63 6520 6469 mmended since di\n-00020060: 736b 206d 6179 2068 6176 650a 7365 7665 sk may have.seve\n-00020070: 7261 6c20 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 7061 ral top-level pa\n-00020080: 7274 6d61 7073 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 rtmaps. Specify\n-00020090: 696e 6720 7468 6972 6420 616e 6420 6c61 ing third and la\n-000200a0: 7465 7220 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 796f ter component yo\n-000200b0: 750a 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 u.can access to \n-000200c0: 7375 6270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a subpartitions...\n-000200d0: 2020 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 e280 The syntax ..\n-000200e0: 9828 6864 3029 e280 9920 7265 7072 6573 .(hd0)... repres\n-000200f0: 656e 7473 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2065 ents using the e\n-00020100: 6e74 6972 6520 6469 736b 2028 6f72 2074 ntire disk (or t\n-00020110: 6865 204d 4252 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 he MBR when.inst\n-00020120: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4229 2c20 7768 alling GRUB), wh\n-00020130: 696c 6520 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 ile the syntax .\n-00020140: 8098 2868 6430 2c31 29e2 8099 2072 6570 ..(hd0,1)... rep\n-00020150: 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 resents using th\n-00020160: 6520 6669 7273 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f e first.partitio\n-00020170: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 286f n of the disk (o\n-00020180: 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f r the boot secto\n-00020190: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 r of the partiti\n-000201a0: 6f6e 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c 6c69 on when.installi\n-000201b0: 6e67 2047 5255 4229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ng GRUB)... \n-000201c0: 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 0a20 2020 (hd0,msdos1). \n-000201d0: 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6d73 (hd0,msdos1,ms\n-000201e0: 646f 7335 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c dos5). (hd0,\n-000201f0: 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3329 0a20 2020 msdos1,bsd3). \n-00020200: 2020 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a (hd0,netbsd1).\n-00020210: 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 290a (hd0,gpt1).\n-00020220: 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 312c 3329 0a0a (hd0,1,3)..\n-00020230: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 656e 6162 6c65 If you enable\n-00020240: 6420 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7375 d the network su\n-00020250: 7070 6f72 742c 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 pport, the speci\n-00020260: 616c 2064 7269 7665 730a e280 9828 5052 al drives....(PR\n-00020270: 4f54 4f43 4f4c 5b2c 5345 5256 4552 5d29 OTOCOL[,SERVER])\n-00020280: e280 9920 6172 6520 616c 736f 2061 7661 ... are also ava\n-00020290: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 ilable. Support\n-000202a0: 6564 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2061 7265 ed protocols are\n-000202b0: 0ae2 8098 6874 7470 e280 9920 616e 6420 ....http... and \n-000202c0: e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 ...tftp.... If \n-000202d0: 5345 5256 4552 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 SERVER is omitte\n-000202e0: 642c 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 d, value of envi\n-000202f0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00020300: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ....net_default_\n-00020310: 7365 7276 6572 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 server... is use\n-00020320: 642e 2020 4265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 d. Before using\n-00020330: 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2064 7269 the network dri\n-00020340: 7665 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 0a69 6e69 ve, you must.ini\n-00020350: 7469 616c 697a 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7477 tialize the netw\n-00020360: 6f72 6b2e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ork. *Note Netw\n-00020370: 6f72 6b3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 ork::, for more \n-00020380: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 information... \n-00020390: 2057 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 e280 9868 When using ...h\n-000203a0: 7474 70e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9874 6674 ttp... or ...tft\n-000203b0: 70e2 8099 2c20 706f 7274 7320 6f74 6865 p..., ports othe\n-000203c0: 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 3830 e280 9920 r than ...80... \n-000203d0: 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 can be specified\n-000203e0: 0a75 7369 6e67 2061 2063 6f6c 6f6e 2028 .using a colon (\n-000203f0: e280 983a e280 9929 2061 6674 6572 2074 ...:...) after t\n-00020400: 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2054 6f20 he address. To \n-00020410: 6176 6f69 6420 7061 7273 696e 6720 636f avoid parsing co\n-00020420: 6e66 6c69 6374 732c 2077 6865 6e0a 7573 nflicts, when.us\n-00020430: 696e 6720 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 ing IPv6 address\n-00020440: 6573 2077 6974 6820 6375 7374 6f6d 2070 es with custom p\n-00020450: 6f72 7473 2c20 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 orts, the addres\n-00020460: 7365 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 656e 636c ses must be encl\n-00020470: 6f73 6564 0a77 6974 6820 7371 7561 7265 osed.with square\n-00020480: 2062 7261 636b 6574 7320 28e2 8098 5b5d brackets (...[]\n-00020490: e280 9929 2c20 6173 2069 7320 7374 616e ...), as is stan\n-000204a0: 6461 7264 2070 7261 6374 6963 652e 0a0a dard practice...\n-000204b0: 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c67 7275 622e (http,grub.\n-000204c0: 6578 616d 706c 652e 636f 6d3a 3331 3333 example.com:3133\n-000204d0: 3729 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 3139 7). (http,19\n-000204e0: 322e 302e 322e 313a 3333 3929 0a20 2020 2.0.2.1:339). \n-000204f0: 2020 2868 7474 702c 5b32 3030 313a 6462 (http,[2001:db\n-00020500: 383a 3a31 5d3a 3131 3233 3529 0a0a 2020 8::1]:11235).. \n-00020510: 2049 6620 796f 7520 626f 6f74 2047 5255 If you boot GRU\n-00020520: 4220 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d2c B from a CD-ROM,\n-00020530: 20e2 8098 2863 6429 e280 9920 6973 2061 ...(cd)... is a\n-00020540: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 vailable. *Note\n-00020550: 204d 616b 696e 6720 610a 4752 5542 2062 Making a.GRUB b\n-00020560: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a ootable CD-ROM::\n-00020570: 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a , for details...\n-00020580: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00020590: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 206e o, Node: File n\n-000205a0: 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 ame syntax, Nex\n-000205b0: 743a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 t: Block list sy\n-000205c0: 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 ntax, Prev: Dev\n-000205d0: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a ice syntax, Up:\n-000205e0: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e Filesystem..13.\n-000205f0: 3220 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2 How to specify\n-00020600: 2066 696c 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d files.=========\n+0001f720: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 ****..GRUB uses \n+0001f730: 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7379 6e74 6178 a special syntax\n+0001f740: 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 for specifying \n+0001f750: 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 7768 6963 disk drives whic\n+0001f760: 6820 6361 6e20 6265 0a61 6363 6573 7365 h can be.accesse\n+0001f770: 6420 6279 2042 494f 532e 2042 6563 6175 d by BIOS. Becau\n+0001f780: 7365 206f 6620 4249 4f53 206c 696d 6974 se of BIOS limit\n+0001f790: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 4752 5542 2063 616e ations, GRUB can\n+0001f7a0: 6e6f 7420 6469 7374 696e 6775 6973 680a not distinguish.\n+0001f7b0: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 4944 452c 2045 5344 between IDE, ESD\n+0001f7c0: 492c 2053 4353 492c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 I, SCSI, or othe\n+0001f7d0: 7273 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 7420 6b6e rs. You must kn\n+0001f7e0: 6f77 2079 6f75 7273 656c 6620 7768 6963 ow yourself whic\n+0001f7f0: 6820 4249 4f53 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6973 h BIOS.device is\n+0001f800: 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 2077 equivalent to w\n+0001f810: 6869 6368 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 2e20 hich OS device. \n+0001f820: 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6861 7420 Normally, that \n+0001f830: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636c 6561 720a 6966 will be clear.if\n+0001f840: 2079 6f75 2073 6565 2074 6865 2066 696c you see the fil\n+0001f850: 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 206f es in a device o\n+0001f860: 7220 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e r use the comman\n+0001f870: 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2028 d ...search... (\n+0001f880: 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e *note.search::).\n+0001f890: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2044 6576 ..* Menu:..* Dev\n+0001f8a0: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 ice syntax:: \n+0001f8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 How t\n+0001f8c0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 o specify device\n+0001f8d0: 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 s.* File name sy\n+0001f8e0: 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ntax:: \n+0001f8f0: 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 How to specify\n+0001f900: 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c files.* Block l\n+0001f910: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 ist syntax:: \n+0001f920: 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 How to sp\n+0001f930: 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 ecify block list\n+0001f940: 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e s....File: grub.\n+0001f950: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2044 6576 info, Node: Dev\n+0001f960: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 ice syntax, Nex\n+0001f970: 743a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e t: File name syn\n+0001f980: 7461 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 tax, Up: Filesy\n+0001f990: 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 stem..13.1 How t\n+0001f9a0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 o specify device\n+0001f9b0: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+0001f9c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+0001f9d0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 he device syntax\n+0001f9e0: 2069 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a is like this:..\n+0001f9f0: 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 5b2c 5041 (DEVICE[,PA\n+0001fa00: 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3150 4152 542d RTMAP-NAME1PART-\n+0001fa10: 4e55 4d31 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 NUM1[,PARTMAP-NA\n+0001fa20: 4d45 3250 4152 542d 4e55 4d32 5b2c 2e2e ME2PART-NUM2[,..\n+0001fa30: 2e5d 5d5d 290a 0a20 2020 e280 985b 5de2 .]]]).. ...[].\n+0001fa40: 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6172 .. means the par\n+0001fa50: 616d 6574 6572 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e ameter is option\n+0001fa60: 616c 2e20 2044 4556 4943 4520 6465 7065 al. DEVICE depe\n+0001fa70: 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a nds on the disk.\n+0001fa80: 6472 6976 6572 2069 6e20 7573 652e 2020 driver in use. \n+0001fa90: 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2064 6973 BIOS and EFI dis\n+0001faa0: 6b73 2075 7365 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 ks use either ..\n+0001fab0: 9866 64e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 64e2 .fd... or ...hd.\n+0001fac0: 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 .. followed by a\n+0001fad0: 0a64 6967 6974 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 .digit, like ...\n+0001fae0: 6664 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6364 fd0..., or ...cd\n+0001faf0: e280 992e 2020 4148 4349 2c20 5041 5441 .... AHCI, PATA\n+0001fb00: 2028 6174 6129 2c20 6372 7970 746f 2c20 (ata), crypto, \n+0001fb10: 5553 4220 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 USB use the name\n+0001fb20: 0a6f 6620 6472 6976 6572 2066 6f6c 6c6f .of driver follo\n+0001fb30: 7765 6420 6279 2061 206e 756d 6265 722e wed by a number.\n+0001fb40: 2020 4d65 6d64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 686f Memdisk and ho\n+0001fb50: 7374 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 st are limited t\n+0001fb60: 6f20 6f6e 650a 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2073 o one.disk and s\n+0001fb70: 6f20 6974 2773 2072 6566 6572 6564 206a o it's refered j\n+0001fb80: 7573 7420 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 ust by driver na\n+0001fb90: 6d65 2e20 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2c20 me. RAID (md), \n+0001fba0: 6f66 6469 736b 0a28 6965 6565 3132 3735 ofdisk.(ieee1275\n+0001fbb0: 2061 6e64 206e 616e 6429 2c20 4c56 4d20 and nand), LVM \n+0001fbc0: 286c 766d 292c 204c 444d 2c20 7669 7274 (lvm), LDM, virt\n+0001fbd0: 696f 2028 7664 736b 2920 616e 6420 6172 io (vdsk) and ar\n+0001fbe0: 6364 6973 6b20 2861 7263 2920 7573 650a cdisk (arc) use.\n+0001fbf0: 696e 7472 696e 7369 6320 6e61 6d65 206f intrinsic name o\n+0001fc00: 6620 6469 736b 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 f disk prefixed \n+0001fc10: 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 by driver name. \n+0001fc20: 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 6a75 Additionally ju\n+0001fc30: 7374 0a22 6e61 6e64 2220 7265 6665 7273 st.\"nand\" refers\n+0001fc40: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 736b 2061 6c69 to the disk ali\n+0001fc50: 6173 6564 2061 7320 226e 616e 6422 2e20 ased as \"nand\". \n+0001fc60: 2043 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 2061 7265 2073 Conflicts are s\n+0001fc70: 6f6c 7665 6420 6279 0a73 7566 6669 7869 olved by.suffixi\n+0001fc80: 6e67 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6966 206e ng a number if n\n+0001fc90: 6563 6573 7361 7272 792e 2020 436f 6d6d ecessarry. Comm\n+0001fca0: 6173 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 6573 as need to be es\n+0001fcb0: 6361 7065 642e 2020 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b caped. Loopback\n+0001fcc0: 0a75 7365 7320 7768 6174 6576 6572 206e .uses whatever n\n+0001fcd0: 616d 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f ame specified to\n+0001fce0: 20e2 8098 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b e280 9920 ...loopback... \n+0001fcf0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 486f 7374 6469 command. Hostdi\n+0001fd00: 736b 2075 7365 7320 6e61 6d65 730a 7370 sk uses names.sp\n+0001fd10: 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2064 6576 6963 ecified in devic\n+0001fd20: 652e 6d61 7020 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 e.map as long as\n+0001fd30: 2069 7427 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f72 it's of the for\n+0001fd40: 6d20 5b66 6863 5d64 5b30 2d39 5d2a 206f m [fhc]d[0-9]* o\n+0001fd50: 720a 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f3c 4f53 2044 r.hostdisk/. For cry\n+0001fd70: 7074 6f20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2028 6d64 pto and RAID (md\n+0001fd80: 2920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 ) additionally y\n+0001fd90: 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 2073 ou can use.the s\n+0001fda0: 796e 7461 7820 3c64 7269 7665 7220 6e61 yntax uuid/. \n+0001fdc0: 2046 6f72 204c 564d 2061 6464 6974 696f For LVM additio\n+0001fdd0: 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 nally you can us\n+0001fde0: 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 206c 766d e.the syntax lvm\n+0001fdf0: 6964 2f3c 766f 6c75 6d65 2d67 726f 7570 id//... (fd0\n+0001fe20: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 3029 0a20 2020 ). (hd0). \n+0001fe30: 2020 2863 6429 0a20 2020 2020 2861 6863 (cd). (ahc\n+0001fe40: 6930 290a 2020 2020 2028 6174 6130 290a i0). (ata0).\n+0001fe50: 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 746f 3029 0a20 (crypto0). \n+0001fe60: 2020 2020 2875 7362 3029 0a20 2020 2020 (usb0). \n+0001fe70: 2863 7279 7074 6f75 7569 642f 3132 3334 (cryptouuid/1234\n+0001fe80: 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 56789abcdef01234\n+0001fe90: 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 56789abcdef0). \n+0001fea0: 2020 2028 6d64 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 (mduuid/12345\n+0001feb0: 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 6789abcdef012345\n+0001fec0: 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 6789abcdef0). \n+0001fed0: 2020 286c 766d 2f73 7973 7465 6d2d 726f (lvm/system-ro\n+0001fee0: 6f74 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 6d69 642f ot). (lvmid/\n+0001fef0: 4631 696b 6744 2d32 5245 532d 3330 3647 F1ikgD-2RES-306G\n+0001ff00: 2d69 6c39 4d2d 3769 7761 2d34 4e4b 572d -il9M-7iwa-4NKW-\n+0001ff10: 4562 5631 4e56 2f65 4c47 7543 512d 4c34 EbV1NV/eLGuCQ-L4\n+0001ff20: 4b61 2d58 5567 522d 736a 744a 2d66 6663 Ka-XUgR-sjtJ-ffc\n+0001ff30: 682d 6261 6a72 2d66 434e 667a 3529 0a20 h-bajr-fCNfz5). \n+0001ff40: 2020 2020 286d 642f 6d79 7261 6964 290a (md/myraid).\n+0001ff50: 2020 2020 2028 6d64 2f30 290a 2020 2020 (md/0). \n+0001ff60: 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f64 6973 6b32 (ieee1275/disk2\n+0001ff70: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 ). (ieee1275\n+0001ff80: 2f2f 7063 6940 3166 5c2c 302f 6964 6540 //pci@1f\\,0/ide@\n+0001ff90: 642f 6469 736b 4032 290a 2020 2020 2028 d/disk@2). (\n+0001ffa0: 6e61 6e64 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d65 6d64 nand). (memd\n+0001ffb0: 6973 6b29 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7429 isk). (host)\n+0001ffc0: 0a20 2020 2020 286d 796c 6f6f 7029 0a20 . (myloop). \n+0001ffd0: 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 2f64 (hostdisk//d\n+0001ffe0: 6576 2f73 6461 290a 0a20 2020 5041 5254 ev/sda).. PART\n+0001fff0: 2d4e 554d 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 -NUM represents \n+00020000: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 the partition nu\n+00020010: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4445 5649 4345 2c20 mber of DEVICE, \n+00020020: 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a 6f6e starting from.on\n+00020030: 652e 2020 5041 5254 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 e. PARTNAME is \n+00020040: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2062 7574 2069 7320 optional but is \n+00020050: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 7369 6e63 recommended sinc\n+00020060: 6520 6469 736b 206d 6179 2068 6176 650a e disk may have.\n+00020070: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 746f 702d 6c65 7665 several top-leve\n+00020080: 6c20 7061 7274 6d61 7073 2e20 2053 7065 l partmaps. Spe\n+00020090: 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6972 6420 616e cifying third an\n+000200a0: 6420 6c61 7465 7220 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e d later componen\n+000200b0: 7420 796f 750a 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 t you.can access\n+000200c0: 2074 6f20 7375 6270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e to subpartition\n+000200d0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 s... The synta\n+000200e0: 7820 e280 9828 6864 3029 e280 9920 7265 x ...(hd0)... re\n+000200f0: 7072 6573 656e 7473 2075 7369 6e67 2074 presents using t\n+00020100: 6865 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 736b 2028 he entire disk (\n+00020110: 6f72 2074 6865 204d 4252 2077 6865 6e0a or the MBR when.\n+00020120: 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4229 installing GRUB)\n+00020130: 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 7379 6e74 , while the synt\n+00020140: 6178 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 29e2 8099 ax ...(hd0,1)...\n+00020150: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7573 696e represents usin\n+00020160: 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 7061 7274 g the first.part\n+00020170: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 ition of the dis\n+00020180: 6b20 286f 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 k (or the boot s\n+00020190: 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6172 ector of the par\n+000201a0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 tition when.inst\n+000201b0: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4229 2e0a 0a20 alling GRUB)... \n+000201c0: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 (hd0,msdos1)\n+000201d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 . (hd0,msdos\n+000201e0: 312c 6d73 646f 7335 290a 2020 2020 2028 1,msdos5). (\n+000201f0: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3329 hd0,msdos1,bsd3)\n+00020200: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 . (hd0,netbs\n+00020210: 6431 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6770 d1). (hd0,gp\n+00020220: 7431 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 312c t1). (hd0,1,\n+00020230: 3329 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 656e 3).. If you en\n+00020240: 6162 6c65 6420 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 abled the networ\n+00020250: 6b20 7375 7070 6f72 742c 2074 6865 2073 k support, the s\n+00020260: 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 730a e280 pecial drives...\n+00020270: 9828 5052 4f54 4f43 4f4c 5b2c 5345 5256 .(PROTOCOL[,SERV\n+00020280: 4552 5d29 e280 9920 6172 6520 616c 736f ER])... are also\n+00020290: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 available. Sup\n+000202a0: 706f 7274 6564 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c73 ported protocols\n+000202b0: 2061 7265 0ae2 8098 6874 7470 e280 9920 are....http... \n+000202c0: 616e 6420 e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2e20 and ...tftp.... \n+000202d0: 2049 6620 5345 5256 4552 2069 7320 6f6d If SERVER is om\n+000202e0: 6974 7465 642c 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 itted, value of \n+000202f0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00020300: 6162 6c65 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 able....net_defa\n+00020310: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 9920 6973 ult_server... is\n+00020320: 2075 7365 642e 2020 4265 666f 7265 2075 used. Before u\n+00020330: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b sing the network\n+00020340: 2064 7269 7665 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 drive, you must\n+00020350: 0a69 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 7468 6520 .initialize the \n+00020360: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 network. *Note \n+00020370: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d Network::, for m\n+00020380: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore information.\n+00020390: 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 .. When using \n+000203a0: e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 ...http... or ..\n+000203b0: 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2c20 706f 7274 7320 .tftp..., ports \n+000203c0: 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 3830 other than ...80\n+000203d0: e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 ... can be speci\n+000203e0: 6669 6564 0a75 7369 6e67 2061 2063 6f6c fied.using a col\n+000203f0: 6f6e 2028 e280 983a e280 9929 2061 6674 on (...:...) aft\n+00020400: 6572 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 er the address. \n+00020410: 2054 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7061 7273 696e To avoid parsin\n+00020420: 6720 636f 6e66 6c69 6374 732c 2077 6865 g conflicts, whe\n+00020430: 6e0a 7573 696e 6720 4950 7636 2061 6464 n.using IPv6 add\n+00020440: 7265 7373 6573 2077 6974 6820 6375 7374 resses with cust\n+00020450: 6f6d 2070 6f72 7473 2c20 7468 6520 6164 om ports, the ad\n+00020460: 6472 6573 7365 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 dresses must be \n+00020470: 656e 636c 6f73 6564 0a77 6974 6820 7371 enclosed.with sq\n+00020480: 7561 7265 2062 7261 636b 6574 7320 28e2 uare brackets (.\n+00020490: 8098 5b5d e280 9929 2c20 6173 2069 7320 ..[]...), as is \n+000204a0: 7374 616e 6461 7264 2070 7261 6374 6963 standard practic\n+000204b0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c67 e... (http,g\n+000204c0: 7275 622e 6578 616d 706c 652e 636f 6d3a rub.example.com:\n+000204d0: 3331 3333 3729 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 31337). (htt\n+000204e0: 702c 3139 322e 302e 322e 313a 3333 3929 p,192.0.2.1:339)\n+000204f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 5b32 3030 . (http,[200\n+00020500: 313a 6462 383a 3a31 5d3a 3131 3233 3529 1:db8::1]:11235)\n+00020510: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 626f 6f74 .. If you boot\n+00020520: 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d GRUB from a CD-\n+00020530: 524f 4d2c 20e2 8098 2863 6429 e280 9920 ROM, ...(cd)... \n+00020540: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 202a is available. *\n+00020550: 4e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 610a 4752 Note Making a.GR\n+00020560: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n+00020570: 4f4d 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c OM::, for detail\n+00020580: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00020590: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 .info, Node: Fi\n+000205a0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 le name syntax, \n+000205b0: 204e 6578 743a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 Next: Block lis\n+000205c0: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a t syntax, Prev:\n+000205d0: 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 Device syntax, \n+000205e0: 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a Up: Filesystem.\n+000205f0: 0a31 332e 3220 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 .13.2 How to spe\n+00020600: 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d cify files.=====\n 00020610: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020620: 0a0a 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 ..There are two \n-00020630: 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 ways to specify \n-00020640: 6669 6c65 732c 2062 7920 e280 9c61 6273 files, by ...abs\n-00020650: 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 65e2 olute file name.\n-00020660: 809d 2061 6e64 2062 790a e280 9c62 6c6f .. and by....blo\n-00020670: 636b 206c 6973 74e2 809d 2e0a 0a20 2020 ck list...... \n-00020680: 416e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 An absolute file\n-00020690: 206e 616d 6520 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 name resembles \n-000206a0: 6120 556e 6978 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 a Unix absolute \n-000206b0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2075 7369 6e67 file name, using\n-000206c0: 20e2 8098 2fe2 8099 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 .../....for the\n-000206d0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2073 6570 6172 directory separ\n-000206e0: 6174 6f72 2028 6e6f 7420 e280 985c e280 ator (not ...\\..\n-000206f0: 9920 6173 2069 6e20 444f 5329 2e20 4f6e . as in DOS). On\n-00020700: 6520 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0ae2 8098 e example is....\n-00020710: 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 (hd0,1)/boot/gru\n-00020720: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 b/grub.cfg.... \n-00020730: 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2066 This means the f\n-00020740: 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ile .../boot/gru\n-00020750: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 990a 696e b/grub.cfg....in\n-00020760: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the first parti\n-00020770: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 tion of the firs\n-00020780: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 t hard disk. If\n-00020790: 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 7468 6520 6465 you omit the de\n-000207a0: 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 6520 696e 2061 6e20 vice.name in an \n-000207b0: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 absolute file na\n-000207c0: 6d65 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 me, GRUB uses GR\n-000207d0: 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 UB's ...root dev\n-000207e0: 6963 65e2 809d 0a69 6d70 6c69 6369 746c ice....implicitl\n-000207f0: 792e 2020 536f 2069 6620 796f 7520 7365 y. So if you se\n-00020800: 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 t the root devic\n-00020810: 6520 746f 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 2868 e to, say, ...(h\n-00020820: 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2062 7920 7468 650a d1,1)... by the.\n-00020830: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6574 2072 command ...set r\n-00020840: 6f6f 743d 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2028 oot=(hd1,1)... (\n-00020850: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 7468 *note set::), th\n-00020860: 656e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e en .../boot/kern\n-00020870: 656c e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 0a73 616d el... is the.sam\n-00020880: 6520 6173 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 292f e as ...(hd1,1)/\n-00020890: 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 2e0a boot/kernel.....\n-000208a0: 0a20 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 2066 696c 6573 . On ZFS files\n-000208b0: 7973 7465 6d20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ystem the first \n-000208c0: 7061 7468 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206d path component m\n-000208d0: 7573 7420 6265 0a56 4f4c 554d 45e2 8098 ust be.VOLUME...\n-000208e0: 40e2 8099 5b53 4e41 5053 484f 545d 2e20 @...[SNAPSHOT]. \n-000208f0: 2053 6f20 e280 982f 726f 6f74 766f 6c40 So .../rootvol@\n-00020900: 736e 6170 2d31 3239 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 snap-129/boot/gr\n-00020910: 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2072 ub/grub.cfg... r\n-00020920: 6566 6572 730a 746f 2066 696c 6520 e280 efers.to file ..\n-00020930: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 ./boot/grub/grub\n-00020940: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 696e 2073 6e61 7073 .cfg... in snaps\n-00020950: 686f 7420 6f66 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 e280 hot of volume ..\n-00020960: 9872 6f6f 7476 6f6c e280 9920 7769 7468 .rootvol... with\n-00020970: 206e 616d 650a e280 9873 6e61 702d 3132 name....snap-12\n-00020980: 39e2 8099 2e20 2054 7261 696c 696e 6720 9.... Trailing \n-00020990: e280 9840 e280 9920 6166 7465 7220 766f ...@... after vo\n-000209a0: 6c75 6d65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206d 616e lume name is man\n-000209b0: 6461 746f 7279 2065 7665 6e20 6966 0a73 datory even if.s\n-000209c0: 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 napshot name is \n-000209d0: 6f6d 6974 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 omitted.....File\n-000209e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000209f0: 6465 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 de: Block list s\n-00020a00: 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4669 yntax, Prev: Fi\n-00020a10: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 le name syntax, \n-00020a20: 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a Up: Filesystem.\n-00020a30: 0a31 332e 3320 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 .13.3 How to spe\n-00020a40: 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7473 cify block lists\n-00020a50: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00020620: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 ====..There are \n+00020630: 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 two ways to spec\n+00020640: 6966 7920 6669 6c65 732c 2062 7920 e280 ify files, by ..\n+00020650: 9c61 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e .absolute file n\n+00020660: 616d 65e2 809d 2061 6e64 2062 790a e280 ame... and by...\n+00020670: 9c62 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 74e2 809d 2e0a .block list.....\n+00020680: 0a20 2020 416e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 . An absolute \n+00020690: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7265 7365 6d62 file name resemb\n+000206a0: 6c65 7320 6120 556e 6978 2061 6273 6f6c les a Unix absol\n+000206b0: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2075 ute file name, u\n+000206c0: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 2fe2 8099 0a66 6f72 sing .../....for\n+000206d0: 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2073 the directory s\n+000206e0: 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2028 6e6f 7420 e280 eparator (not ..\n+000206f0: 985c e280 9920 6173 2069 6e20 444f 5329 .\\... as in DOS)\n+00020700: 2e20 4f6e 6520 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 . One example is\n+00020710: 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 ....(hd0,1)/boot\n+00020720: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 /grub/grub.cfg..\n+00020730: 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 .. This means t\n+00020740: 6865 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 he file .../boot\n+00020750: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 /grub/grub.cfg..\n+00020760: 990a 696e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 ..in the first p\n+00020770: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 artition of the \n+00020780: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e first hard disk.\n+00020790: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 7468 If you omit th\n+000207a0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 6520 696e e device.name in\n+000207b0: 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c an absolute fil\n+000207c0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 e name, GRUB use\n+000207d0: 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 s GRUB's ...root\n+000207e0: 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d 0a69 6d70 6c69 device....impli\n+000207f0: 6369 746c 792e 2020 536f 2069 6620 796f citly. So if yo\n+00020800: 7520 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 u set the root d\n+00020810: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 evice to, say, .\n+00020820: 8098 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2062 7920 ..(hd1,1)... by \n+00020830: 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 the.command ...s\n+00020840: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 et root=(hd1,1).\n+00020850: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 .. (*note set::)\n+00020860: 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f , then .../boot/\n+00020870: 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 kernel... is the\n+00020880: 0a73 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 2868 6431 .same as ...(hd1\n+00020890: 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 ,1)/boot/kernel.\n+000208a0: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 2066 ..... On ZFS f\n+000208b0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7468 6520 6669 ilesystem the fi\n+000208c0: 7273 7420 7061 7468 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 rst path compone\n+000208d0: 6e74 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a56 4f4c 554d nt must be.VOLUM\n+000208e0: 45e2 8098 40e2 8099 5b53 4e41 5053 484f E...@...[SNAPSHO\n+000208f0: 545d 2e20 2053 6f20 e280 982f 726f 6f74 T]. So .../root\n+00020900: 766f 6c40 736e 6170 2d31 3239 2f62 6f6f vol@snap-129/boo\n+00020910: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 t/grub/grub.cfg.\n+00020920: 8099 2072 6566 6572 730a 746f 2066 696c .. refers.to fil\n+00020930: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f e .../boot/grub/\n+00020940: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 696e 2073 grub.cfg... in s\n+00020950: 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6f66 2076 6f6c 756d napshot of volum\n+00020960: 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 7476 6f6c e280 9920 e ...rootvol... \n+00020970: 7769 7468 206e 616d 650a e280 9873 6e61 with name....sna\n+00020980: 702d 3132 39e2 8099 2e20 2054 7261 696c p-129.... Trail\n+00020990: 696e 6720 e280 9840 e280 9920 6166 7465 ing ...@... afte\n+000209a0: 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 206e 616d 6520 6973 r volume name is\n+000209b0: 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 2065 7665 6e20 mandatory even \n+000209c0: 6966 0a73 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6e61 6d65 if.snapshot name\n+000209d0: 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a is omitted.....\n+000209e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000209f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 Node: Block li\n+00020a00: 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 st syntax, Prev\n+00020a10: 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 : File name synt\n+00020a20: 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 ax, Up: Filesys\n+00020a30: 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3320 486f 7720 746f tem..13.3 How to\n+00020a40: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c specify block l\n+00020a50: 6973 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ists.===========\n 00020a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020a70: 0a0a 4120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2069 ..A block list i\n-00020a80: 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 s used for speci\n-00020a90: 6679 696e 6720 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 fying a file tha\n-00020aa0: 7420 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6170 7065 6172 t doesn't appear\n-00020ab0: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 7379 7374 in the.filesyst\n-00020ac0: 656d 2c20 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 6861 696e em, like a chain\n-00020ad0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 2073 796e loader. The syn\n-00020ae0: 7461 7820 6973 0ae2 8098 5b4f 4646 5345 tax is....[OFFSE\n-00020af0: 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5b 2c5b 4f46 T]+[LENGTH][,[OF\n-00020b00: 4653 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 485d 5d2e FSET]+[LENGTH]].\n-00020b10: 2e2e e280 992e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 ...... Here is \n-00020b20: 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 an example:.. \n-00020b30: 2020 302b 3130 302c 3230 302b 312c 3330 0+100,200+1,30\n-00020b40: 302b 3330 302c 3830 302b 0a0a 2020 2054 0+300,800+.. T\n-00020b50: 6869 7320 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 his represents t\n-00020b60: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 686f 756c 6420 hat GRUB should \n-00020b70: 7265 6164 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3020 7468 read blocks 0 th\n-00020b80: 726f 7567 6820 3939 2c20 626c 6f63 6b20 rough 99, block \n-00020b90: 3230 302c 0a62 6c6f 636b 7320 3330 3020 200,.blocks 300 \n-00020ba0: 7468 726f 7567 6820 3539 392c 2061 6e64 through 599, and\n-00020bb0: 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3830 3020 756e 7469 blocks 800 unti\n-00020bc0: 6c20 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 l the end of the\n-00020bd0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 0a79 6f75 device. If.you\n-00020be0: 206f 6d69 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 742c omit an offset,\n-00020bf0: 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d then GRUB assum\n-00020c00: 6573 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 6973 es the offset is\n-00020c10: 207a 6572 6f2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 206c zero. If the l\n-00020c20: 656e 6774 680a 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 ength.is omitted\n-00020c30: 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 , then GRUB assu\n-00020c40: 6d65 7320 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 mes the block li\n-00020c50: 7374 2065 7874 656e 6473 2075 6e74 696c st extends until\n-00020c60: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a 7468 6520 the end of.the \n-00020c70: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 device... Like\n-00020c80: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 the file name s\n-00020c90: 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c yntax (*note Fil\n-00020ca0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 e name syntax::)\n-00020cb0: 2c20 6966 2061 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 , if a blocklist\n-00020cc0: 0a64 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 .does not contai\n-00020cd0: 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652c n a device name,\n-00020ce0: 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 then GRUB uses \n-00020cf0: 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 GRUB's ...root d\n-00020d00: 6576 6963 65e2 809d 2e20 2053 6f0a e280 evice.... So...\n-00020d10: 9828 6864 302c 3229 2b31 e280 9920 6973 .(hd0,2)+1... is\n-00020d20: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 the same as ...\n-00020d30: 2b31 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 2072 +1... when the r\n-00020d40: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 e280 oot device is ..\n-00020d50: 9828 6864 302c 3229 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a .(hd0,2)........\n-00020d60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00020d70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 Node: Interfac\n-00020d80: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 456e 7669 726f e, Next: Enviro\n-00020d90: 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4669 nment, Prev: Fi\n-00020da0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2055 703a 2054 lesystem, Up: T\n-00020db0: 6f70 0a0a 3134 2047 5255 4227 7320 7573 op..14 GRUB's us\n-00020dc0: 6572 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 2a2a er interface.***\n-00020dd0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00020de0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 6861 7320 *****..GRUB has \n-00020df0: 626f 7468 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 both a simple me\n-00020e00: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2066 6f72 nu interface for\n-00020e10: 2063 686f 6f73 696e 6720 7072 6573 6574 choosing preset\n-00020e20: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 610a entries from a.\n-00020e30: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00020e40: 6c65 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6869 6768 6c79 le, and a highly\n-00020e50: 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e flexible comman\n-00020e60: 642d 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2070 6572 666f d-line for perfo\n-00020e70: 726d 696e 670a 616e 7920 6465 7369 7265 rming.any desire\n-00020e80: 6420 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 d combination of\n-00020e90: 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a boot commands..\n-00020ea0: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b73 2066 . GRUB looks f\n-00020eb0: 6f72 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 or its configura\n-00020ec0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6173 2073 6f6f tion file as soo\n-00020ed0: 6e20 6173 2069 7420 6973 206c 6f61 6465 n as it is loade\n-00020ee0: 642e 2020 4966 0a6f 6e65 2069 7320 666f d. If.one is fo\n-00020ef0: 756e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6675 und, then the fu\n-00020f00: 6c6c 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 ll menu interfac\n-00020f10: 6520 6973 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2075 e is activated u\n-00020f20: 7369 6e67 2077 6861 7465 7665 720a 656e sing whatever.en\n-00020f30: 7472 6965 7320 7765 7265 2066 6f75 6e64 tries were found\n-00020f40: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 in the file. I\n-00020f50: 6620 796f 7520 6368 6f6f 7365 2074 6865 f you choose the\n-00020f60: 20e2 809c 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ...command-line\n-00020f70: e280 9d20 6d65 6e75 0a6f 7074 696f 6e2c ... menu.option,\n-00020f80: 206f 7220 6966 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 or if the confi\n-00020f90: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7761 guration file wa\n-00020fa0: 7320 6e6f 7420 666f 756e 642c 2074 6865 s not found, the\n-00020fb0: 6e20 4752 5542 2064 726f 7073 2074 6f0a n GRUB drops to.\n-00020fc0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-00020fd0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e0a 0a2a 204d interface...* M\n-00020fe0: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d enu:..* Command-\n-00020ff0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a line interface::\n-00021000: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666c 6578 6962 The flexib\n-00021010: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 le command-line \n-00021020: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 4d65 6e75 interface.* Menu\n-00021030: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 interface:: \n-00021040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7369 The si\n-00021050: 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 mple menu interf\n-00021060: 6163 650a 2a20 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 ace.* Menu entry\n-00021070: 2065 6469 746f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 editor:: \n-00021080: 2020 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 6120 6d65 Editing a me\n-00021090: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nu entry....File\n-000210a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000210b0: 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 de: Command-line\n-000210c0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 interface, Nex\n-000210d0: 743a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 t: Menu interfac\n-000210e0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 e, Up: Interfac\n-000210f0: 650a 0a31 342e 3120 5468 6520 666c 6578 e..14.1 The flex\n-00021100: 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ible command-lin\n-00021110: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d e interface.====\n+00020a70: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 ====..A block li\n+00020a80: 7374 2069 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2073 st is used for s\n+00020a90: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6120 6669 6c65 pecifying a file\n+00020aa0: 2074 6861 7420 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6170 that doesn't ap\n+00020ab0: 7065 6172 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 pear in the.file\n+00020ac0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 system, like a c\n+00020ad0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 hainloader. The\n+00020ae0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 0ae2 8098 5b4f syntax is....[O\n+00020af0: 4646 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5b FFSET]+[LENGTH][\n+00020b00: 2c5b 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 ,[OFFSET]+[LENGT\n+00020b10: 485d 5d2e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 4865 7265 H]]....... Here\n+00020b20: 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a is an example:.\n+00020b30: 0a20 2020 2020 302b 3130 302c 3230 302b . 0+100,200+\n+00020b40: 312c 3330 302b 3330 302c 3830 302b 0a0a 1,300+300,800+..\n+00020b50: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7265 7072 6573 656e This represen\n+00020b60: 7473 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 686f ts that GRUB sho\n+00020b70: 756c 6420 7265 6164 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 uld read blocks \n+00020b80: 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 3939 2c20 626c 0 through 99, bl\n+00020b90: 6f63 6b20 3230 302c 0a62 6c6f 636b 7320 ock 200,.blocks \n+00020ba0: 3330 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 3539 392c 300 through 599,\n+00020bb0: 2061 6e64 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3830 3020 and blocks 800 \n+00020bc0: 756e 7469 6c20 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 until the end of\n+00020bd0: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 the device. If\n+00020be0: 0a79 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 616e 206f 6666 .you omit an off\n+00020bf0: 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 set, then GRUB a\n+00020c00: 7373 756d 6573 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 ssumes the offse\n+00020c10: 7420 6973 207a 6572 6f2e 2020 4966 2074 t is zero. If t\n+00020c20: 6865 206c 656e 6774 680a 6973 206f 6d69 he length.is omi\n+00020c30: 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 tted, then GRUB \n+00020c40: 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6520 626c 6f63 assumes the bloc\n+00020c50: 6b20 6c69 7374 2065 7874 656e 6473 2075 k list extends u\n+00020c60: 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a ntil the end of.\n+00020c70: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 the device... \n+00020c80: 4c69 6b65 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 Like the file na\n+00020c90: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 me syntax (*note\n+00020ca0: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n+00020cb0: 783a 3a29 2c20 6966 2061 2062 6c6f 636b x::), if a block\n+00020cc0: 6c69 7374 0a64 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f list.does not co\n+00020cd0: 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e ntain a device n\n+00020ce0: 616d 652c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2075 ame, then GRUB u\n+00020cf0: 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f ses GRUB's ...ro\n+00020d00: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d 2e20 2053 ot device.... S\n+00020d10: 6f0a e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 2b31 e280 o....(hd0,2)+1..\n+00020d20: 9920 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 . is the same as\n+00020d30: 20e2 8098 2b31 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 ...+1... when t\n+00020d40: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2069 he root device i\n+00020d50: 7320 e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 e280 992e s ...(hd0,2)....\n+00020d60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00020d70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 nfo, Node: Inte\n+00020d80: 7266 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 456e rface, Next: En\n+00020d90: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 5072 6576 vironment, Prev\n+00020da0: 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2055 : Filesystem, U\n+00020db0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3134 2047 5255 4227 p: Top..14 GRUB'\n+00020dc0: 7320 7573 6572 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 s user interface\n+00020dd0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+00020de0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 *********..GRUB \n+00020df0: 6861 7320 626f 7468 2061 2073 696d 706c has both a simpl\n+00020e00: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu interface\n+00020e10: 2066 6f72 2063 686f 6f73 696e 6720 7072 for choosing pr\n+00020e20: 6573 6574 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f eset entries fro\n+00020e30: 6d20 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f m a.configuratio\n+00020e40: 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6869 n file, and a hi\n+00020e50: 6768 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f ghly flexible co\n+00020e60: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2070 mmand-line for p\n+00020e70: 6572 666f 726d 696e 670a 616e 7920 6465 erforming.any de\n+00020e80: 7369 7265 6420 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f sired combinatio\n+00020e90: 6e20 6f66 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d6d 616e n of boot comman\n+00020ea0: 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 206c 6f6f ds... GRUB loo\n+00020eb0: 6b73 2066 6f72 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 ks for its confi\n+00020ec0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6173 guration file as\n+00020ed0: 2073 6f6f 6e20 6173 2069 7420 6973 206c soon as it is l\n+00020ee0: 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4966 0a6f 6e65 2069 oaded. If.one i\n+00020ef0: 7320 666f 756e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 s found, then th\n+00020f00: 6520 6675 6c6c 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 e full menu inte\n+00020f10: 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 6374 6976 6174 rface is activat\n+00020f20: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2077 6861 7465 7665 ed using whateve\n+00020f30: 720a 656e 7472 6965 7320 7765 7265 2066 r.entries were f\n+00020f40: 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ound in the file\n+00020f50: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6368 6f6f 7365 . If you choose\n+00020f60: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 636f 6d6d 616e 642d the ...command-\n+00020f70: 6c69 6e65 e280 9d20 6d65 6e75 0a6f 7074 line... menu.opt\n+00020f80: 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 6966 2074 6865 2063 ion, or if the c\n+00020f90: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00020fa0: 6520 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 666f 756e 642c e was not found,\n+00020fb0: 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2064 726f 7073 then GRUB drops\n+00020fc0: 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d to.the command-\n+00020fd0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e0a line interface..\n+00020fe0: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 436f 6d6d .* Menu:..* Comm\n+00020ff0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n+00021000: 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666c ce:: The fl\n+00021010: 6578 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c exible command-l\n+00021020: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 ine interface.* \n+00021030: 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a Menu interface::\n+00021040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n+00021050: 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e e simple menu in\n+00021060: 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 4d65 6e75 2065 terface.* Menu e\n+00021070: 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f 723a 3a20 2020 ntry editor:: \n+00021080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 Editing \n+00021090: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a0a 1f0a a menu entry....\n+000210a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000210b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d Node: Command-\n+000210c0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 line interface, \n+000210d0: 204e 6578 743a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 Next: Menu inte\n+000210e0: 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 rface, Up: Inte\n+000210f0: 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3120 5468 6520 rface..14.1 The \n+00021100: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 flexible command\n+00021110: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a -line interface.\n 00021120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00021130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021140: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ====..The comman\n-00021150: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n-00021160: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 7072 6f6d provides a prom\n-00021170: 7074 2061 6e64 2061 6674 6572 2069 7420 pt and after it \n-00021180: 616e 2065 6469 7461 626c 650a 7465 7874 an editable.text\n-00021190: 2061 7265 6120 6d75 6368 206c 696b 6520 area much like \n-000211a0: 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 a command-line i\n-000211b0: 6e20 556e 6978 206f 7220 444f 532e 2045 n Unix or DOS. E\n-000211c0: 6163 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a69 ach command is.i\n-000211d0: 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2065 7865 6375 mmediately execu\n-000211e0: 7465 6420 6166 7465 7220 6974 2069 7320 ted after it is \n-000211f0: 656e 7465 7265 6428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 entered(1) (*not\n-00021200: 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 0a69 e Command-line.i\n-00021210: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 nterface-Footnot\n-00021220: 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6d e-1::). The com\n-00021230: 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d mands (*note Com\n-00021240: 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 mands::) are a s\n-00021250: 7562 7365 740a 6f66 2074 686f 7365 2061 ubset.of those a\n-00021260: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 vailable in the \n-00021270: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00021280: 6c65 2c20 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6578 le, used with ex\n-00021290: 6163 746c 7920 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a73 actly the same.s\n-000212a0: 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 2043 7572 736f yntax... Curso\n-000212b0: 7220 6d6f 7665 6d65 6e74 2061 6e64 2065 r movement and e\n-000212c0: 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 diting of the te\n-000212d0: 7874 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2063 xt on the line c\n-000212e0: 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2076 6961 2061 an be done via a\n-000212f0: 0a73 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2066 .subset of the f\n-00021300: 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2061 7661 696c 6162 unctions availab\n-00021310: 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4261 7368 2073 le in the Bash s\n-00021320: 6865 6c6c 3a0a 0a3c 432d 663e 0a3c 5043 hell:.... \n-00021340: 204d 6f76 6520 666f 7277 6172 6420 6f6e Move forward on\n-00021350: 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e 0a0a 3c43 e character..... Move back\n-00021380: 206f 6e65 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a one character..\n-00021390: 0a3c 432d 613e 0a3c 484f 4d45 3e0a 2020 ... \n-000213a0: 2020 204d 6f76 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 Move to the s\n-000213b0: 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 tart of the line\n-000213c0: 2e0a 0a3c 432d 653e 0a3c 454e 443e 0a20 ..... \n-000213d0: 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2074 6865 2074 6865 Move the the\n-000213e0: 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 end of the line\n-000213f0: 2e0a 0a3c 432d 643e 0a3c 4445 4c3e 0a20 ..... \n-00021400: 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2074 6865 2063 Delete the c\n-00021410: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2075 6e64 6572 6e65 haracter underne\n-00021420: 6174 6820 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a ath the cursor..\n-00021430: 0a3c 432d 683e 0a3c 4253 3e0a 2020 2020 ... \n-00021440: 2044 656c 6574 6520 7468 6520 6368 6172 Delete the char\n-00021450: 6163 7465 7220 746f 2074 6865 206c 6566 acter to the lef\n-00021460: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 722e t of the cursor.\n-00021470: 0a0a 3c43 2d6b 3e0a 2020 2020 204b 696c ... Kil\n-00021480: 6c20 7468 6520 7465 7874 2066 726f 6d20 l the text from \n-00021490: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6375 7273 the current curs\n-000214a0: 6f72 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 or position to t\n-000214b0: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 he end of the. \n-000214c0: 2020 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d75 3e0a line....\n-000214d0: 2020 2020 204b 696c 6c20 6261 636b 7761 Kill backwa\n-000214e0: 7264 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6375 7273 rd from the curs\n-000214f0: 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 6769 6e6e or to the beginn\n-00021500: 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 652e ing of the line.\n-00021510: 0a0a 3c43 2d79 3e0a 2020 2020 2059 616e ... Yan\n-00021520: 6b20 7468 6520 6b69 6c6c 6564 2074 6578 k the killed tex\n-00021530: 7420 6261 636b 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 t back into the \n-00021540: 6275 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 6520 6375 buffer at the cu\n-00021550: 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 703e 0a3c 5043 rsor..... Mo\n-00021570: 7665 2075 7020 7468 726f 7567 6820 7468 ve up through th\n-00021580: 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 7374 2e0a e history list..\n-00021590: 0a3c 432d 6e3e 0a3c 5043 2064 6f77 6e20 ... Move d\n-000215b0: 6f77 6e20 7468 726f 7567 6820 7468 6520 own through the \n-000215c0: 6869 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 history list... \n-000215d0: 2020 5768 656e 2074 7970 696e 6720 636f When typing co\n-000215e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 mmands interacti\n-000215f0: 7665 6c79 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2063 7572 vely, if the cur\n-00021600: 736f 7220 6973 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6f72 sor is within or\n-00021610: 2062 6566 6f72 650a 7468 6520 6669 7273 before.the firs\n-00021620: 7420 776f 7264 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f t word in the co\n-00021630: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2c20 7072 6573 mmand-line, pres\n-00021640: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 203c 5441 423e 206b sing the k\n-00021650: 6579 2028 6f72 203c 432d 693e 290a 7769 ey (or ).wi\n-00021660: 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2061 206c 6973 ll display a lis\n-00021670: 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6176 6169 ting of the avai\n-00021680: 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 lable commands, \n-00021690: 616e 6420 6966 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f and if the curso\n-000216a0: 7220 6973 0a61 6674 6572 2074 6865 2066 r is.after the f\n-000216b0: 6972 7374 2077 6f72 642c 2074 6865 20e2 irst word, the .\n-000216c0: 8098 3c54 4142 3ee2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 ..... will \n-000216d0: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 636f 6d70 6c65 provide a comple\n-000216e0: 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7469 6e67 206f 660a tion listing of.\n-000216f0: 6469 736b 732c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e disks, partition\n-00021700: 732c 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 s, and file name\n-00021710: 7320 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 s depending on t\n-00021720: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e20 204e 6f74 he context. Not\n-00021730: 6520 7468 6174 0a74 6f20 6f62 7461 696e e that.to obtain\n-00021740: 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 a list of drive\n-00021750: 732c 206f 6e65 206d 7573 7420 6f70 656e s, one must open\n-00021760: 2061 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6973 2c20 a parenthesis, \n-00021770: 6173 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 2028 e280 992e as ...root (....\n-00021780: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 .. Note that y\n-00021790: 6f75 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7573 6520 7468 ou cannot use th\n-000217a0: 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2066 756e e completion fun\n-000217b0: 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 6e20 7468 ctionality in th\n-000217c0: 6520 5446 5450 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 e TFTP.filesyste\n-000217d0: 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6265 6361 m. This is beca\n-000217e0: 7573 6520 5446 5450 2064 6f65 736e 2774 use TFTP doesn't\n-000217f0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 696c 6520 6e61 support file na\n-00021800: 6d65 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 0a74 me listing for.t\n-00021810: 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 792e 0a0a 1f0a he security.....\n-00021820: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00021830: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d Node: Command-\n-00021840: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2d46 line interface-F\n-00021850: 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ootnotes, Up: C\n-00021860: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n-00021870: 7266 6163 650a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 486f rface.. (1) Ho\n-00021880: 7765 7665 722c 2074 6869 7320 6265 6861 wever, this beha\n-00021890: 7669 6f72 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6861 vior will be cha\n-000218a0: 6e67 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 nged in the futu\n-000218b0: 7265 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 696e 0a61 re version, in.a\n-000218c0: 2075 7365 722d 696e 7669 7369 626c 6520 user-invisible \n-000218d0: 7761 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 way.....File: gr\n-000218e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000218f0: 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 Menu interface, \n-00021900: 204e 6578 743a 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 Next: Menu entr\n-00021910: 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a y editor, Prev:\n-00021920: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e Command-line in\n-00021930: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e terface, Up: In\n-00021940: 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3220 5468 terface..14.2 Th\n-00021950: 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e e simple menu in\n-00021960: 7465 7266 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d terface.========\n+00021140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 636f ========..The co\n+00021150: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n+00021160: 6661 6365 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 face provides a \n+00021170: 7072 6f6d 7074 2061 6e64 2061 6674 6572 prompt and after\n+00021180: 2069 7420 616e 2065 6469 7461 626c 650a it an editable.\n+00021190: 7465 7874 2061 7265 6120 6d75 6368 206c text area much l\n+000211a0: 696b 6520 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ike a command-li\n+000211b0: 6e65 2069 6e20 556e 6978 206f 7220 444f ne in Unix or DO\n+000211c0: 532e 2045 6163 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 S. Each command \n+000211d0: 6973 0a69 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2065 is.immediately e\n+000211e0: 7865 6375 7465 6420 6166 7465 7220 6974 xecuted after it\n+000211f0: 2069 7320 656e 7465 7265 6428 3129 2028 is entered(1) (\n+00021200: 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 *note Command-li\n+00021210: 6e65 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f ne.interface-Foo\n+00021220: 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 tnote-1::). The\n+00021230: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 commands (*note\n+00021240: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 Commands::) are\n+00021250: 2061 2073 7562 7365 740a 6f66 2074 686f a subset.of tho\n+00021260: 7365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 se available in \n+00021270: 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f the configuratio\n+00021280: 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6564 2077 6974 n file, used wit\n+00021290: 6820 6578 6163 746c 7920 7468 6520 7361 h exactly the sa\n+000212a0: 6d65 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 2043 me.syntax... C\n+000212b0: 7572 736f 7220 6d6f 7665 6d65 6e74 2061 ursor movement a\n+000212c0: 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 nd editing of th\n+000212d0: 6520 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 e text on the li\n+000212e0: 6e65 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2076 ne can be done v\n+000212f0: 6961 2061 0a73 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 ia a.subset of t\n+00021300: 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2061 7661 he functions ava\n+00021310: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4261 ilable in the Ba\n+00021320: 7368 2073 6865 6c6c 3a0a 0a3c 432d 663e sh shell:..\n+00021330: 0a3c 5043 2072 6967 6874 206b 6579 3e0a ..\n+00021340: 2020 2020 204d 6f76 6520 666f 7277 6172 Move forwar\n+00021350: 6420 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e d one character.\n+00021360: 0a0a 3c43 2d62 3e0a 3c50 4320 6c65 6674 .... Move \n+00021380: 6261 636b 206f 6e65 2063 6861 7261 6374 back one charact\n+00021390: 6572 2e0a 0a3c 432d 613e 0a3c 484f 4d45 er..... Move to t\n+000213b0: 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 he start of the \n+000213c0: 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 653e 0a3c 454e line..... Move the\n+000213e0: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 the end of the \n+000213f0: 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 643e 0a3c 4445 line..... Delete t\n+00021410: 6865 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2075 6e64 he character und\n+00021420: 6572 6e65 6174 6820 7468 6520 6375 7273 erneath the curs\n+00021430: 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 683e 0a3c 4253 3e0a or.....\n+00021440: 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 7468 6520 Delete the \n+00021450: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 746f 2074 6865 character to the\n+00021460: 206c 6566 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 left of the cur\n+00021470: 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d6b 3e0a 2020 2020 sor.... \n+00021480: 204b 696c 6c20 7468 6520 7465 7874 2066 Kill the text f\n+00021490: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 rom the current \n+000214a0: 6375 7273 6f72 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 cursor position \n+000214b0: 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 to the end of th\n+000214c0: 650a 2020 2020 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 e. line.... Kill ba\n+000214e0: 636b 7761 7264 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 ckward from the \n+000214f0: 6375 7273 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 cursor to the be\n+00021500: 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206c ginning of the l\n+00021510: 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d79 3e0a 2020 2020 ine.... \n+00021520: 2059 616e 6b20 7468 6520 6b69 6c6c 6564 Yank the killed\n+00021530: 2074 6578 7420 6261 636b 2069 6e74 6f20 text back into \n+00021540: 7468 6520 6275 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 the buffer at th\n+00021550: 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 703e e cursor...\n+00021560: 0a3c 5043 2075 7020 6b65 793e 0a20 2020 .. \n+00021570: 2020 4d6f 7665 2075 7020 7468 726f 7567 Move up throug\n+00021580: 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 h the history li\n+00021590: 7374 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6e3e 0a3c 5043 2064 st..... Mo\n+000215b0: 7665 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 726f 7567 6820 ve down through \n+000215c0: 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 7374 the history list\n+000215d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2074 7970 696e ... When typin\n+000215e0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e74 6572 g commands inter\n+000215f0: 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6966 2074 6865 actively, if the\n+00021600: 2063 7572 736f 7220 6973 2077 6974 6869 cursor is withi\n+00021610: 6e20 6f72 2062 6566 6f72 650a 7468 6520 n or before.the \n+00021620: 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2069 6e20 7468 first word in th\n+00021630: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2c20 e command-line, \n+00021640: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 203c 5441 pressing the key (or \n+00021660: 290a 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2061 ).will display a\n+00021670: 206c 6973 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 listing of the \n+00021680: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e available comman\n+00021690: 6473 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2074 6865 2063 ds, and if the c\n+000216a0: 7572 736f 7220 6973 0a61 6674 6572 2074 ursor is.after t\n+000216b0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2077 6f72 642c 2074 he first word, t\n+000216c0: 6865 20e2 8098 3c54 4142 3ee2 8099 2077 he ...... w\n+000216d0: 696c 6c20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 636f ill provide a co\n+000216e0: 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7469 6e67 mpletion listing\n+000216f0: 206f 660a 6469 736b 732c 2070 6172 7469 of.disks, parti\n+00021700: 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 tions, and file \n+00021710: 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 names depending \n+00021720: 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e20 on the context. \n+00021730: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 0a74 6f20 6f62 Note that.to ob\n+00021740: 7461 696e 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 tain a list of d\n+00021750: 7269 7665 732c 206f 6e65 206d 7573 7420 rives, one must \n+00021760: 6f70 656e 2061 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 open a parenthes\n+00021770: 6973 2c20 6173 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 2028 is, as ...root (\n+00021780: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 ...... Note th\n+00021790: 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7573 at you cannot us\n+000217a0: 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e e the completion\n+000217b0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 functionality i\n+000217c0: 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 0a66 696c 6573 n the TFTP.files\n+000217d0: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 ystem. This is \n+000217e0: 6265 6361 7573 6520 5446 5450 2064 6f65 because TFTP doe\n+000217f0: 736e 2774 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 696c sn't support fil\n+00021800: 6520 6e61 6d65 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2066 e name listing f\n+00021810: 6f72 0a74 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 792e or.the security.\n+00021820: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00021830: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d nfo, Node: Comm\n+00021840: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n+00021850: 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 ce-Footnotes, U\n+00021860: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00021870: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a20 2020 2831 interface.. (1\n+00021880: 2920 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 6869 7320 ) However, this \n+00021890: 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2077 696c 6c20 6265 behavior will be\n+000218a0: 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 changed in the \n+000218b0: 6675 7475 7265 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 future version, \n+000218c0: 696e 0a61 2075 7365 722d 696e 7669 7369 in.a user-invisi\n+000218d0: 626c 6520 7761 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ble way.....File\n+000218e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000218f0: 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 de: Menu interfa\n+00021900: 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 656e 7520 ce, Next: Menu \n+00021910: 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 entry editor, P\n+00021920: 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e rev: Command-lin\n+00021930: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 e interface, Up\n+00021940: 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e : Interface..14.\n+00021950: 3220 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 2 The simple men\n+00021960: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d u interface.====\n 00021970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 ======..The menu\n-00021990: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 7175 interface is qu\n-000219a0: 6974 6520 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7573 652e ite easy to use.\n-000219b0: 2020 4974 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 Its commands a\n-000219c0: 7265 2062 6f74 680a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 re both.reasonab\n-000219d0: 6c79 2069 6e74 7569 7469 7665 2061 6e64 ly intuitive and\n-000219e0: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7363 described on sc\n-000219f0: 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4261 7369 6361 reen... Basica\n-00021a00: 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e lly, the menu in\n-00021a10: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 terface provides\n-00021a20: 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 20e2 809c 626f a list of ...bo\n-00021a30: 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 e280 9d20 746f ot entries... to\n-00021a40: 0a74 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f 2063 686f .the user to cho\n-00021a50: 6f73 6520 6672 6f6d 2e20 2055 7365 2074 ose from. Use t\n-00021a60: 6865 2061 7272 6f77 206b 6579 7320 746f he arrow keys to\n-00021a70: 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 656e 7472 select the entr\n-00021a80: 7920 6f66 0a63 686f 6963 652c 2074 6865 y of.choice, the\n-00021a90: 6e20 7072 6573 7320 3c52 4554 3e20 746f n press to\n-00021aa0: 2072 756e 2069 742e 2020 416e 206f 7074 run it. An opt\n-00021ab0: 696f 6e61 6c20 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6973 ional timeout is\n-00021ac0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 626f available to.bo\n-00021ad0: 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 ot the default e\n-00021ae0: 6e74 7279 2028 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ntry (the first \n-00021af0: 6f6e 6520 6966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 292c one if not set),\n-00021b00: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6162 6f72 7465 which is aborte\n-00021b10: 6420 6279 0a70 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e d by.pressing an\n-00021b20: 7920 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 y key... Comma\n-00021b30: 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c nds are availabl\n-00021b40: 6520 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2061 2062 6172 e to enter a bar\n-00021b50: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2062 e command-line b\n-00021b60: 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 633e 0a28 y pressing .(\n-00021b70: 7768 6963 6820 6f70 6572 6174 6573 2065 which operates e\n-00021b80: 7861 6374 6c79 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 xactly like the \n-00021b90: 6e6f 6e2d 636f 6e66 6967 2d66 696c 6520 non-config-file \n-00021ba0: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 422c version of GRUB,\n-00021bb0: 2062 7574 0a61 6c6c 6f77 7320 6f6e 6520 but.allows one \n-00021bc0: 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2074 6865 to return to the\n-00021bd0: 206d 656e 7520 6966 2064 6573 6972 6564 menu if desired\n-00021be0: 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 4553 by pressing ) or to.edit a\n-00021c00: 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f ny of the ...boo\n-00021c10: 7420 656e 7472 6965 73e2 809d 2062 7920 t entries... by \n-00021c20: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 653e 2e0a 0a20 pressing ... \n-00021c30: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2070 726f 7465 6374 If you protect\n-00021c40: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 the menu interf\n-00021c50: 6163 6520 7769 7468 2061 2070 6173 7377 ace with a passw\n-00021c60: 6f72 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 ord (*note Secur\n-00021c70: 6974 793a 3a29 2c0a 616c 6c20 796f 7520 ity::),.all you \n-00021c80: 6361 6e20 646f 2069 7320 6368 6f6f 7365 can do is choose\n-00021c90: 2061 6e20 656e 7472 7920 6279 2070 7265 an entry by pre\n-00021ca0: 7373 696e 6720 3c52 4554 3e2c 206f 7220 ssing , or \n-00021cb0: 7072 6573 7320 3c70 3e20 746f 0a65 6e74 press

to.ent\n-00021cc0: 6572 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e er the password.\n-00021cd0: 0a0a 2020 2050 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c43 .. Pressing will refr\n-00021cf0: 6573 6820 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 7768 esh the menu, wh\n-00021d00: 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6675 ich can be usefu\n-00021d10: 6c20 7768 656e 0a63 6f6e 6e65 6374 696e l when.connectin\n-00021d20: 6720 7669 6120 7365 7269 616c 2061 6674 g via serial aft\n-00021d30: 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6861 7320 er the menu has \n-00021d40: 6265 656e 2064 7261 776e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 been drawn.....F\n-00021d50: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00021d60: 204e 6f64 653a 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 Node: Menu entr\n-00021d70: 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a y editor, Prev:\n-00021d80: 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c Menu interface,\n-00021d90: 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a Up: Interface.\n-00021da0: 0a31 342e 3320 4564 6974 696e 6720 6120 .14.3 Editing a \n-00021db0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d menu entry.=====\n+00021980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00021990: 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 menu interface i\n+000219a0: 7320 7175 6974 6520 6561 7379 2074 6f20 s quite easy to \n+000219b0: 7573 652e 2020 4974 7320 636f 6d6d 616e use. Its comman\n+000219c0: 6473 2061 7265 2062 6f74 680a 7265 6173 ds are both.reas\n+000219d0: 6f6e 6162 6c79 2069 6e74 7569 7469 7665 onably intuitive\n+000219e0: 2061 6e64 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f and described o\n+000219f0: 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4261 n screen... Ba\n+00021a00: 7369 6361 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 206d 656e sically, the men\n+00021a10: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 u interface prov\n+00021a20: 6964 6573 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 20e2 ides a list of .\n+00021a30: 809c 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 e280 ..boot entries..\n+00021a40: 9d20 746f 0a74 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f . to.the user to\n+00021a50: 2063 686f 6f73 6520 6672 6f6d 2e20 2055 choose from. U\n+00021a60: 7365 2074 6865 2061 7272 6f77 206b 6579 se the arrow key\n+00021a70: 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 s to select the \n+00021a80: 656e 7472 7920 6f66 0a63 686f 6963 652c entry of.choice,\n+00021a90: 2074 6865 6e20 7072 6573 7320 3c52 4554 then press to run it. An\n+00021ab0: 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 7469 6d65 6f75 optional timeou\n+00021ac0: 7420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 t is available t\n+00021ad0: 6f0a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 o.boot the defau\n+00021ae0: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2028 7468 6520 6669 lt entry (the fi\n+00021af0: 7273 7420 6f6e 6520 6966 206e 6f74 2073 rst one if not s\n+00021b00: 6574 292c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6162 et), which is ab\n+00021b10: 6f72 7465 6420 6279 0a70 7265 7373 696e orted by.pressin\n+00021b20: 6720 616e 7920 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2043 g any key... C\n+00021b30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 ommands are avai\n+00021b40: 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2061 lable to enter a\n+00021b50: 2062 6172 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 bare command-li\n+00021b60: 6e65 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c ne by pressing <\n+00021b70: 633e 0a28 7768 6963 6820 6f70 6572 6174 c>.(which operat\n+00021b80: 6573 2065 7861 6374 6c79 206c 696b 6520 es exactly like \n+00021b90: 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d 636f 6e66 6967 2d66 the non-config-f\n+00021ba0: 696c 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 ile version of G\n+00021bb0: 5255 422c 2062 7574 0a61 6c6c 6f77 7320 RUB, but.allows \n+00021bc0: 6f6e 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f one to return to\n+00021bd0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6966 2064 6573 the menu if des\n+00021be0: 6972 6564 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 ired by pressing\n+00021bf0: 203c 4553 433e 2920 6f72 2074 6f0a 6564 ) or to.ed\n+00021c00: 6974 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 it any of the ..\n+00021c10: 9c62 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 73e2 809d .boot entries...\n+00021c20: 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 653e by pressing \n+00021c30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2070 726f ... If you pro\n+00021c40: 7465 6374 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e tect the menu in\n+00021c50: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 2061 2070 terface with a p\n+00021c60: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 assword (*note S\n+00021c70: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a29 2c0a 616c 6c20 ecurity::),.all \n+00021c80: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2069 7320 6368 you can do is ch\n+00021c90: 6f6f 7365 2061 6e20 656e 7472 7920 6279 oose an entry by\n+00021ca0: 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c52 4554 3e2c pressing ,\n+00021cb0: 206f 7220 7072 6573 7320 3c70 3e20 746f or press

to\n+00021cc0: 0a65 6e74 6572 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 .enter the passw\n+00021cd0: 6f72 642e 0a0a 2020 2050 7265 7373 696e ord... Pressin\n+00021ce0: 6720 3c43 7472 6c2d 6c3e 2077 696c 6c20 g will \n+00021cf0: 7265 6672 6573 6820 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 refresh the menu\n+00021d00: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 , which can be u\n+00021d10: 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e 0a63 6f6e 6e65 seful when.conne\n+00021d20: 6374 696e 6720 7669 6120 7365 7269 616c cting via serial\n+00021d30: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 after the menu \n+00021d40: 6861 7320 6265 656e 2064 7261 776e 2e0a has been drawn..\n+00021d50: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00021d60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 656e 7520 fo, Node: Menu \n+00021d70: 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 entry editor, P\n+00021d80: 7265 763a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 rev: Menu interf\n+00021d90: 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 ace, Up: Interf\n+00021da0: 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3320 4564 6974 696e ace..14.3 Editin\n+00021db0: 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a3d g a menu entry.=\n 00021dc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 ====..The menu e\n-00021de0: 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f 7220 6c6f 6f6b ntry editor look\n-00021df0: 7320 6d75 6368 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 s much like the \n-00021e00: 6d61 696e 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 main menu interf\n-00021e10: 6163 652c 2062 7574 2074 6865 0a6c 696e ace, but the.lin\n-00021e20: 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 es in the menu a\n-00021e30: 7265 2069 6e64 6976 6964 7561 6c20 636f re individual co\n-00021e40: 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7365 mmands in the se\n-00021e50: 6c65 6374 6564 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6e73 lected entry ins\n-00021e60: 7465 6164 0a6f 6620 656e 7472 7920 6e61 tead.of entry na\n-00021e70: 6d65 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 616e 203c mes... If an <\n-00021e80: 4553 433e 2069 7320 7072 6573 7365 6420 ESC> is pressed \n-00021e90: 696e 2074 6865 2065 6469 746f 722c 2069 in the editor, i\n-00021ea0: 7420 6162 6f72 7473 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 t aborts all the\n-00021eb0: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 650a 746f changes made.to\n-00021ec0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the configurati\n-00021ed0: 6f6e 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 2072 6574 on entry and ret\n-00021ee0: 7572 6e73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 696e urns to the main\n-00021ef0: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e menu interface.\n-00021f00: 0a0a 2020 2045 6163 6820 6c69 6e65 2069 .. Each line i\n-00021f10: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 n the menu entry\n-00021f20: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6564 6974 6564 2066 can be edited f\n-00021f30: 7265 656c 792c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 2063 reely, and you c\n-00021f40: 616e 2061 6464 206e 6577 0a6c 696e 6573 an add new.lines\n-00021f50: 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 5245 by pressing at the end of\n-00021f70: 2061 206c 696e 652e 2020 546f 2062 6f6f a line. To boo\n-00021f80: 7420 7468 6520 6564 6974 6564 2065 6e74 t the edited ent\n-00021f90: 7279 2c0a 7072 6573 7320 3c43 7472 6c2d ry,.press ... Although\n-00021fb0: 2047 5255 4220 756e 666f 7274 756e 6174 GRUB unfortunat\n-00021fc0: 656c 7920 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2073 7570 ely does not sup\n-00021fd0: 706f 7274 20e2 809c 756e 646f e280 9d2c port ...undo...,\n-00021fe0: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2064 6f0a 616c 6d6f you can do.almo\n-00021ff0: 7374 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 696e st the same thin\n-00022000: 6720 6279 206a 7573 7420 7265 7475 726e g by just return\n-00022010: 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 206d 6169 6e20 ing to the main \n-00022020: 6d65 6e75 2075 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e menu using \n-00022030: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00022040: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 info, Node: Env\n-00022050: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a ironment, Next:\n-00022060: 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a Modules, Prev:\n-00022070: 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a Interface, Up:\n-00022080: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3135 2047 5255 4220 656e Top..15 GRUB en\n-00022090: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-000220a0: 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a les.************\n+00021dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 ========..The me\n+00021de0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f 7220 nu entry editor \n+00021df0: 6c6f 6f6b 7320 6d75 6368 206c 696b 6520 looks much like \n+00021e00: 7468 6520 6d61 696e 206d 656e 7520 696e the main menu in\n+00021e10: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2062 7574 2074 6865 terface, but the\n+00021e20: 0a6c 696e 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 .lines in the me\n+00021e30: 6e75 2061 7265 2069 6e64 6976 6964 7561 nu are individua\n+00021e40: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 7468 l commands in th\n+00021e50: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2065 6e74 7279 e selected entry\n+00021e60: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 0a6f 6620 656e 7472 instead.of entr\n+00021e70: 7920 6e61 6d65 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 y names... If \n+00021e80: 616e 203c 4553 433e 2069 7320 7072 6573 an is pres\n+00021e90: 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2065 6469 746f sed in the edito\n+00021ea0: 722c 2069 7420 6162 6f72 7473 2061 6c6c r, it aborts all\n+00021eb0: 2074 6865 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 the changes mad\n+00021ec0: 650a 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e.to the configu\n+00021ed0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 ration entry and\n+00021ee0: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 returns to the \n+00021ef0: 6d61 696e 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 main menu interf\n+00021f00: 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 2045 6163 6820 6c69 ace... Each li\n+00021f10: 6e65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 ne in the menu e\n+00021f20: 6e74 7279 2063 616e 2062 6520 6564 6974 ntry can be edit\n+00021f30: 6564 2066 7265 656c 792c 2061 6e64 2079 ed freely, and y\n+00021f40: 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6464 206e 6577 0a6c ou can add new.l\n+00021f50: 696e 6573 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 ines by pressing\n+00021f60: 203c 5245 543e 2061 7420 7468 6520 656e at the en\n+00021f70: 6420 6f66 2061 206c 696e 652e 2020 546f d of a line. To\n+00021f80: 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6564 6974 6564 boot the edited\n+00021f90: 2065 6e74 7279 2c0a 7072 6573 7320 3c43 entry,.press ... Alth\n+00021fb0: 6f75 6768 2047 5255 4220 756e 666f 7274 ough GRUB unfort\n+00021fc0: 756e 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 206e 6f74 unately does not\n+00021fd0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 20e2 809c 756e 646f support ...undo\n+00021fe0: e280 9d2c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2064 6f0a ..., you can do.\n+00021ff0: 616c 6d6f 7374 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 almost the same \n+00022000: 7468 696e 6720 6279 206a 7573 7420 7265 thing by just re\n+00022010: 7475 726e 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 206d turning to the m\n+00022020: 6169 6e20 6d65 6e75 2075 7369 6e67 203c ain menu using <\n+00022030: 4553 433e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ESC>.....File: g\n+00022040: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00022050: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 204e Environment, N\n+00022060: 6578 743a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 2050 ext: Modules, P\n+00022070: 7265 763a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 rev: Interface, \n+00022080: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3135 2047 5255 Up: Top..15 GRU\n+00022090: 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 B environment va\n+000220a0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a riables.********\n 000220b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000220c0: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 *..GRUB supports\n-000220d0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-000220e0: 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 iables which are\n-000220f0: 2072 6174 6865 7220 6c69 6b65 2074 686f rather like tho\n-00022100: 7365 206f 6666 6572 6564 0a62 7920 616c se offered.by al\n-00022110: 6c20 556e 6978 2d6c 696b 6520 7379 7374 l Unix-like syst\n-00022120: 656d 732e 2020 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ems. Environmen\n-00022130: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6861 7665 t variables have\n-00022140: 2061 206e 616d 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 a name, which i\n-00022150: 730a 756e 6971 7565 2061 6e64 2069 7320 s.unique and is \n-00022160: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6120 7368 6f72 7420 usually a short \n-00022170: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2c20 616e 6420 identifier, and \n-00022180: 6120 7661 6c75 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 a value, which i\n-00022190: 7320 616e 0a61 7262 6974 7261 7279 2073 s an.arbitrary s\n-000221a0: 7472 696e 6720 6f66 2063 6861 7261 6374 tring of charact\n-000221b0: 6572 732e 2020 5468 6579 206d 6179 2062 ers. They may b\n-000221c0: 6520 7365 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6574 e set (*note set\n-000221d0: 3a3a 292c 2075 6e73 6574 0a28 2a6e 6f74 ::), unset.(*not\n-000221e0: 6520 756e 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 6f72 206c e unset::), or l\n-000221f0: 6f6f 6b65 6420 7570 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ooked up (*note \n-00022200: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n-00022210: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2920 6279 206e 616d 652e ting::) by name.\n-00022220: 0a0a 2020 2041 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 .. A number of\n-00022230: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00022240: 6961 626c 6573 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 iables have spec\n-00022250: 6961 6c20 6d65 616e 696e 6773 2074 6f20 ial meanings to \n-00022260: 7661 7269 6f75 730a 7061 7274 7320 6f66 various.parts of\n-00022270: 2047 5255 422e 204f 7468 6572 7320 6d61 GRUB. Others ma\n-00022280: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6672 6565 6c79 y be used freely\n-00022290: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 in GRUB configu\n-000222a0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a2a ration files...*\n-000222b0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 5370 6563 6961 Menu:..* Specia\n-000222c0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-000222d0: 7269 6162 6c65 733a 3a0a 2a20 456e 7669 riables::.* Envi\n-000222e0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a0a ronment block::.\n-000222f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00022300: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 7065 6369 fo, Node: Speci\n-00022310: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00022320: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a ariables, Next:\n-00022330: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f Environment blo\n-00022340: 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e ck, Up: Environ\n-00022350: 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e31 2053 7065 6369 ment..15.1 Speci\n-00022360: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00022370: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ariables.=======\n+000220c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 *****..GRUB supp\n+000220d0: 6f72 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 orts environment\n+000220e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 variables which\n+000220f0: 2061 7265 2072 6174 6865 7220 6c69 6b65 are rather like\n+00022100: 2074 686f 7365 206f 6666 6572 6564 0a62 those offered.b\n+00022110: 7920 616c 6c20 556e 6978 2d6c 696b 6520 y all Unix-like \n+00022120: 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 456e 7669 726f systems. Enviro\n+00022130: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nment variables \n+00022140: 6861 7665 2061 206e 616d 652c 2077 6869 have a name, whi\n+00022150: 6368 2069 730a 756e 6971 7565 2061 6e64 ch is.unique and\n+00022160: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6120 7368 is usually a sh\n+00022170: 6f72 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2c20 ort identifier, \n+00022180: 616e 6420 6120 7661 6c75 652c 2077 6869 and a value, whi\n+00022190: 6368 2069 7320 616e 0a61 7262 6974 7261 ch is an.arbitra\n+000221a0: 7279 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 2063 6861 ry string of cha\n+000221b0: 7261 6374 6572 732e 2020 5468 6579 206d racters. They m\n+000221c0: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 ay be set (*note\n+000221d0: 2073 6574 3a3a 292c 2075 6e73 6574 0a28 set::), unset.(\n+000221e0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 756e 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 *note unset::), \n+000221f0: 6f72 206c 6f6f 6b65 6420 7570 2028 2a6e or looked up (*n\n+00022200: 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ote Shell-like s\n+00022210: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 2920 6279 206e cripting::) by n\n+00022220: 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 206e 756d 6265 ame... A numbe\n+00022230: 7220 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 r of environment\n+00022240: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2068 6176 6520 variables have \n+00022250: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 616e 696e 6773 special meanings\n+00022260: 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6f75 730a 7061 7274 to various.part\n+00022270: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422e 204f 7468 6572 s of GRUB. Other\n+00022280: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6672 s may be used fr\n+00022290: 6565 6c79 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2063 6f6e eely in GRUB con\n+000222a0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 figuration files\n+000222b0: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 5370 ...* Menu:..* Sp\n+000222c0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000222d0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 733a 3a0a 2a20 t variables::.* \n+000222e0: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 Environment bloc\n+000222f0: 6b3a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 k::....File: gru\n+00022300: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 b.info, Node: S\n+00022310: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00022320: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 204e nt variables, N\n+00022330: 6578 743a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ext: Environment\n+00022340: 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2045 6e76 block, Up: Env\n+00022350: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e31 2053 ironment..15.1 S\n+00022360: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00022370: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a3d 3d3d nt variables.===\n 00022380: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00022390: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-000223a0: 7365 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2068 6176 se variables hav\n-000223b0: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 616e 696e e special meanin\n-000223c0: 6720 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 g to GRUB...* Me\n-000223d0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 696f 736e 756d 3a3a nu:..* biosnum::\n-000223e0: 0a2a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 .* check_signatu\n-000223f0: 7265 733a 3a0a 2a20 6368 6f73 656e 3a3a res::.* chosen::\n-00022400: 0a2a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 3a3a 0a2a 2063 .* cmdpath::.* c\n-00022410: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 3a3a olor_highlight::\n-00022420: 0a2a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a .* color_normal:\n-00022430: 3a0a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 :.* config_direc\n-00022440: 746f 7279 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f tory::.* config_\n-00022450: 6669 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 2064 6562 7567 3a3a file::.* debug::\n-00022460: 0a2a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a 0a2a 2066 .* default::.* f\n-00022470: 616c 6c62 6163 6b3a 3a0a 2a20 6766 786d allback::.* gfxm\n-00022480: 6f64 653a 3a0a 2a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f ode::.* gfxpaylo\n-00022490: 6164 3a3a 0a2a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 ad::.* gfxterm_f\n-000224a0: 6f6e 743a 3a0a 2a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 ont::.* grub_cpu\n-000224b0: 3a3a 0a2a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f ::.* grub_platfo\n-000224c0: 726d 3a3a 0a2a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 3a3a rm::.* icondir::\n-000224d0: 0a2a 206c 616e 673a 3a0a 2a20 6c6f 6361 .* lang::.* loca\n-000224e0: 6c65 5f64 6972 3a3a 0a2a 206c 6f63 6b64 le_dir::.* lockd\n-000224f0: 6f77 6e3a 3a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c own::.* menu_col\n-00022500: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 3a3a 0a2a or_highlight::.*\n-00022510: 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d menu_color_norm\n-00022520: 616c 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 al::.* net__boot_file\n-00022540: 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ::.* net__clientid::.\n-00022560: 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 * net__clientuuid::.*\n-00022580: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00022590: 5f64 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d _dhcp_server_nam\n-000225a0: 653a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 e::.* net__domain::.*\n-000225c0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-000225d0: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 683a _extensionspath:\n-000225e0: 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 :.* net__hostname::.*\n-00022600: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00022610: 5f69 703a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 _ip::.* net__mac::.* \n-00022630: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00022640: 6e65 7874 5f73 6572 7665 723a 3a0a 2a20 next_server::.* \n-00022650: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00022660: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 rootpath::.* net\n-00022670: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 _default_interfa\n-00022680: 6365 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 ce::.* net_defau\n-00022690: 6c74 5f69 703a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 lt_ip::.* net_de\n-000226a0: 6661 756c 745f 6d61 633a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 fault_mac::.* ne\n-000226b0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n-000226c0: 3a3a 0a2a 2070 6167 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2070 ::.* pager::.* p\n-000226d0: 7265 6669 783a 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f 626c refix::.* pxe_bl\n-000226e0: 6b73 697a 653a 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f 6465 ksize::.* pxe_de\n-000226f0: 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 793a 3a0a fault_gateway::.\n-00022700: 2a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 * pxe_default_se\n-00022710: 7276 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2072 6f6f 743a 3a0a rver::.* root::.\n-00022720: 2a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b3a 3a0a 2a20 * shim_lock::.* \n-00022730: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3a3a 0a2a 2074 superusers::.* t\n-00022740: 6865 6d65 3a3a 0a2a 2074 696d 656f 7574 heme::.* timeout\n-00022750: 3a3a 0a2a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 ::.* timeout_sty\n-00022760: 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 2074 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f le::.* tpm_fail_\n-00022770: 6661 7461 6c3a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a fatal::....File:\n-00022780: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00022790: 653a 2062 696f 736e 756d 2c20 204e 6578 e: biosnum, Nex\n-000227a0: 743a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 t: check_signatu\n-000227b0: 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 res, Up: Specia\n-000227c0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-000227d0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3120 riables..15.1.1 \n-000227e0: 6269 6f73 6e75 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d biosnum.--------\n-000227f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5768 656e 2063 6861 ------..When cha\n-00022800: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 in-loading anoth\n-00022810: 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2028 er boot loader (\n-00022820: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 *note Chain-load\n-00022830: 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 ing::), GRUB may\n-00022840: 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 7768 .need to know wh\n-00022850: 6174 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6520 6e75 at BIOS drive nu\n-00022860: 6d62 6572 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 mber corresponds\n-00022870: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 to the root dev\n-00022880: 6963 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2072 6f6f 743a ice.(*note root:\n-00022890: 3a29 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 :) so that it ca\n-000228a0: 6e20 7365 7420 7570 2072 6567 6973 7465 n set up registe\n-000228b0: 7273 2070 726f 7065 726c 792e 2020 4966 rs properly. If\n-000228c0: 2074 6865 2042 494f 534e 554d 0a76 6172 the BIOSNUM.var\n-000228d0: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n-000228e0: 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2047 5255 4227 overrides GRUB'\n-000228f0: 7320 6f77 6e20 6d65 616e 7320 6f66 2067 s own means of g\n-00022900: 7565 7373 696e 6720 7468 6973 2e0a 0a20 uessing this... \n-00022910: 2020 466f 7220 616e 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 For an alterna\n-00022920: 7469 7665 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 7768 tive approach wh\n-00022930: 6963 6820 616c 736f 2063 6861 6e67 6573 ich also changes\n-00022940: 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6520 6d61 7070 BIOS drive mapp\n-00022950: 696e 6773 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6861 ings.for the cha\n-00022960: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 6420 7379 7374 656d in-loaded system\n-00022970: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 , *note drivemap\n-00022980: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00022990: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-000229a0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c heck_signatures,\n-000229b0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 Next: chosen, \n-000229c0: 2050 7265 763a 2062 696f 736e 756d 2c20 Prev: biosnum, \n-000229d0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000229e0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000229f0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 2063 6865 636b es..15.1.2 check\n-00022a00: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2d2d 2d2d _signatures.----\n+00022390: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000223a0: 0a54 6865 7365 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 .These variables\n+000223b0: 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 have special me\n+000223c0: 616e 696e 6720 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a aning to GRUB...\n+000223d0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 696f 736e * Menu:..* biosn\n+000223e0: 756d 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 um::.* check_sig\n+000223f0: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a0a 2a20 6368 6f73 natures::.* chos\n+00022400: 656e 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 3a3a en::.* cmdpath::\n+00022410: 0a2a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 .* color_highlig\n+00022420: 6874 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 ht::.* color_nor\n+00022430: 6d61 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 mal::.* config_d\n+00022440: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6e irectory::.* con\n+00022450: 6669 675f 6669 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 2064 6562 fig_file::.* deb\n+00022460: 7567 3a3a 0a2a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a ug::.* default::\n+00022470: 0a2a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b3a 3a0a 2a20 .* fallback::.* \n+00022480: 6766 786d 6f64 653a 3a0a 2a20 6766 7870 gfxmode::.* gfxp\n+00022490: 6179 6c6f 6164 3a3a 0a2a 2067 6678 7465 ayload::.* gfxte\n+000224a0: 726d 5f66 6f6e 743a 3a0a 2a20 6772 7562 rm_font::.* grub\n+000224b0: 5f63 7075 3a3a 0a2a 2067 7275 625f 706c _cpu::.* grub_pl\n+000224c0: 6174 666f 726d 3a3a 0a2a 2069 636f 6e64 atform::.* icond\n+000224d0: 6972 3a3a 0a2a 206c 616e 673a 3a0a 2a20 ir::.* lang::.* \n+000224e0: 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 3a3a 0a2a 206c locale_dir::.* l\n+000224f0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 ockdown::.* menu\n+00022500: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 _color_highlight\n+00022510: 3a3a 0a2a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f ::.* menu_color_\n+00022520: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c normal::.* net_<\n+00022530: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f 745f INTERFACE>_boot_\n+00022540: 6669 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e file::.* net__clienti\n+00022560: 643a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 d::.* net__clientuuid\n+00022580: 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ::.* net__dhcp_server\n+000225a0: 5f6e 616d 653a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 _name::.* net__domain\n+000225c0: 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ::.* net__extensionsp\n+000225e0: 6174 683a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ath::.* net__hostname\n+00022600: 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ::.* net__ip::.* net_\n+00022620: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 633a _mac:\n+00022630: 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 :.* net__next_server:\n+00022650: 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 :.* net__rootpath::.*\n+00022670: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 net_default_int\n+00022680: 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 erface::.* net_d\n+00022690: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 703a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 efault_ip::.* ne\n+000226a0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 633a 3a0a t_default_mac::.\n+000226b0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 * net_default_se\n+000226c0: 7276 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2070 6167 6572 3a3a rver::.* pager::\n+000226d0: 0a2a 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a0a 2a20 7078 .* prefix::.* px\n+000226e0: 655f 626c 6b73 697a 653a 3a0a 2a20 7078 e_blksize::.* px\n+000226f0: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 e_default_gatewa\n+00022700: 793a 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c y::.* pxe_defaul\n+00022710: 745f 7365 7276 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2072 6f6f t_server::.* roo\n+00022720: 743a 3a0a 2a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b3a t::.* shim_lock:\n+00022730: 3a0a 2a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3a3a :.* superusers::\n+00022740: 0a2a 2074 6865 6d65 3a3a 0a2a 2074 696d .* theme::.* tim\n+00022750: 656f 7574 3a3a 0a2a 2074 696d 656f 7574 eout::.* timeout\n+00022760: 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 2074 706d 5f66 _style::.* tpm_f\n+00022770: 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c3a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 ail_fatal::....F\n+00022780: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00022790: 204e 6f64 653a 2062 696f 736e 756d 2c20 Node: biosnum, \n+000227a0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 Next: check_sig\n+000227b0: 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 natures, Up: Sp\n+000227c0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000227d0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000227e0: 312e 3120 6269 6f73 6e75 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 1.1 biosnum.----\n+000227f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5768 656e ----------..When\n+00022800: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 chain-loading a\n+00022810: 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 nother boot load\n+00022820: 6572 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d er (*note Chain-\n+00022830: 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 loading::), GRUB\n+00022840: 206d 6179 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f may.need to kno\n+00022850: 7720 7768 6174 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 w what BIOS driv\n+00022860: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2063 6f72 7265 7370 e number corresp\n+00022870: 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 onds to the root\n+00022880: 2064 6576 6963 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2072 device.(*note r\n+00022890: 6f6f 743a 3a29 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 oot::) so that i\n+000228a0: 7420 6361 6e20 7365 7420 7570 2072 6567 t can set up reg\n+000228b0: 6973 7465 7273 2070 726f 7065 726c 792e isters properly.\n+000228c0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2042 494f 534e 554d If the BIOSNUM\n+000228d0: 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 .variable is set\n+000228e0: 2c20 6974 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2047 , it overrides G\n+000228f0: 5255 4227 7320 6f77 6e20 6d65 616e 7320 RUB's own means \n+00022900: 6f66 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 7468 6973 of guessing this\n+00022910: 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 616e 2061 6c74 ... For an alt\n+00022920: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2061 7070 726f 6163 ernative approac\n+00022930: 6820 7768 6963 6820 616c 736f 2063 6861 h which also cha\n+00022940: 6e67 6573 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6520 nges BIOS drive \n+00022950: 6d61 7070 696e 6773 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 mappings.for the\n+00022960: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 6420 7379 chain-loaded sy\n+00022970: 7374 656d 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 stem, *note driv\n+00022980: 656d 6170 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a emap::.....File:\n+00022990: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000229a0: 653a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 e: check_signatu\n+000229b0: 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6f73 res, Next: chos\n+000229c0: 656e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 696f 736e en, Prev: biosn\n+000229d0: 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c um, Up: Special\n+000229e0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000229f0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 2063 iables..15.1.2 c\n+00022a00: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a heck_signatures.\n 00022a10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022a20: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n-00022a30: 6c65 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7768 6574 le controls whet\n-00022a40: 6865 7220 4752 5542 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 her GRUB enforce\n-00022a50: 7320 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 s digital signat\n-00022a60: 7572 650a 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 206f ure.validation o\n-00022a70: 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 696c 6573 2e20 n loaded files. \n-00022a80: 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 *Note Using dig\n-00022a90: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n-00022aa0: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00022ab0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 .info, Node: ch\n-00022ac0: 6f73 656e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d64 osen, Next: cmd\n-00022ad0: 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6865 path, Prev: che\n-00022ae0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 ck_signatures, \n-00022af0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00022b00: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00022b10: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3320 6368 6f73 656e s..15.1.3 chosen\n-00022b20: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n-00022b30: 5768 656e 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2061 When executing a\n-00022b40: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2047 5255 menu entry, GRU\n-00022b50: 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 2043 484f 5345 B sets the CHOSE\n-00022b60: 4e20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 N variable to th\n-00022b70: 6520 7469 746c 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2065 e title.of the e\n-00022b80: 6e74 7279 2062 6569 6e67 2065 7865 6375 ntry being execu\n-00022b90: 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 ted... If the \n-00022ba0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e menu entry is in\n-00022bb0: 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2073 7562 one or more sub\n-00022bc0: 6d65 6e75 732c 2074 6865 6e20 4348 4f53 menus, then CHOS\n-00022bd0: 454e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a74 6865 EN is set to.the\n-00022be0: 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 2065 6163 6820 titles of each \n-00022bf0: 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 of the submenus \n-00022c00: 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 starting from th\n-00022c10: 6520 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 666f 6c6c e top level foll\n-00022c20: 6f77 6564 0a62 7920 7468 6520 7469 746c owed.by the titl\n-00022c30: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e e of the menu en\n-00022c40: 7472 7920 6974 7365 6c66 2c20 7365 7061 try itself, sepa\n-00022c50: 7261 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 rated by ...>...\n-00022c60: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00022c70: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d64 info, Node: cmd\n-00022c80: 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6c path, Next: col\n-00022c90: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 or_highlight, P\n-00022ca0: 7265 763a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 5570 rev: chosen, Up\n-00022cb0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00022cc0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00022cd0: 0a31 352e 312e 3420 636d 6470 6174 680a .15.1.4 cmdpath.\n-00022ce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00022cf0: 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 726f The location fro\n-00022d00: 6d20 7768 6963 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e m which ...core.\n-00022d10: 696d 67e2 8099 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 img... was loade\n-00022d20: 6420 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 d as an absolute\n-00022d30: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6e 616d 6520 directory.name \n-00022d40: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 (*note File name\n-00022d50: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 syntax::). Thi\n-00022d60: 7320 6973 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 s is set by GRUB\n-00022d70: 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 7020 6261 7365 at startup base\n-00022d80: 640a 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e d.on information\n-00022d90: 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 2070 6c61 returned by pla\n-00022da0: 7466 6f72 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 tform firmware. \n-00022db0: 204e 6f74 2065 7665 7279 2070 6c61 7466 Not every platf\n-00022dc0: 6f72 6d0a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2074 6869 orm.provides thi\n-00022dd0: 7320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 616e s information an\n-00022de0: 6420 736f 6d65 206d 6179 2072 6574 7572 d some may retur\n-00022df0: 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 n only device wi\n-00022e00: 7468 6f75 7420 7061 7468 0a6e 616d 652e thout path.name.\n-00022e10: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00022e20: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f nfo, Node: colo\n-00022e30: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 r_highlight, Ne\n-00022e40: 7874 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c xt: color_normal\n-00022e50: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 , Prev: cmdpath\n-00022e60: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00022e70: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00022e80: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e35 2063 6f6c bles..15.1.5 col\n-00022e90: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d or_highlight.---\n-00022ea0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022eb0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n-00022ec0: 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 le contains the \n-00022ed0: 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 2220 666f 7265 \"highlight\" fore\n-00022ee0: 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 ground and backg\n-00022ef0: 726f 756e 640a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2063 round.terminal c\n-00022f00: 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 olors, separated\n-00022f10: 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 by a slash (...\n-00022f20: 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 /...). Setting \n-00022f30: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 6368 this variable.ch\n-00022f40: 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f anges those colo\n-00022f50: 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 rs. For the ava\n-00022f60: 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d ilable color nam\n-00022f70: 6573 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f es, *note.color_\n-00022f80: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 normal::... Th\n-00022f90: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 e default is ...\n-00022fa0: 626c 6163 6b2f 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 black/light-gray\n-00022fb0: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00022fc0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00022fd0: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e color_normal, N\n-00022fe0: 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 ext: config_dire\n-00022ff0: 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f ctory, Prev: co\n-00023000: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 lor_highlight, \n-00023010: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00023020: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00023030: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3620 636f 6c6f 725f s..15.1.6 color_\n-00023040: 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d normal.---------\n-00023050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n-00023060: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 variable contai\n-00023070: 6e73 2074 6865 2022 6e6f 726d 616c 2220 ns the \"normal\" \n-00023080: 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 foreground and b\n-00023090: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 7465 726d 696e ackground termin\n-000230a0: 616c 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 al.colors, separ\n-000230b0: 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 ated by a slash \n-000230c0: 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 (.../...). Sett\n-000230d0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c ing this variabl\n-000230e0: 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 650a e changes those.\n-000230f0: 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2045 6163 6820 636f colors. Each co\n-00023100: 6c6f 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 6e61 lor must be a na\n-00023110: 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c me from the foll\n-00023120: 6f77 696e 6720 6c69 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 owing list:.. \n-00023130: e280 a220 626c 6163 6b0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ... black. ...\n-00023140: 2062 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 2067 7265 blue. ... gre\n-00023150: 656e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6379 616e 0a20 en. ... cyan. \n-00023160: 2020 e280 a220 7265 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 ... red. ...\n-00023170: 206d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 e280 a220 magenta. ... \n-00023180: 6272 6f77 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 brown. ... lig\n-00023190: 6874 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 2064 ht-gray. ... d\n-000231a0: 6172 6b2d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ark-gray. ... \n-000231b0: 6c69 6768 742d 626c 7565 0a20 2020 e280 light-blue. ..\n-000231c0: a220 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6565 6e0a 2020 . light-green. \n-000231d0: 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d63 7961 6e0a ... light-cyan.\n-000231e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d72 6564 ... light-red\n-000231f0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6d61 . ... light-ma\n-00023200: 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 2079 656c genta. ... yel\n-00023210: 6c6f 770a 2020 20e2 80a2 2077 6869 7465 low. ... white\n-00023220: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 .. The default\n-00023230: 2069 7320 e280 986c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 is ...light-gra\n-00023240: 792f 626c 6163 6be2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 y/black...... \n-00023250: 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 The color suppor\n-00023260: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7661 7269 6573 t support varies\n-00023270: 2066 726f 6d20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 from terminal t\n-00023280: 6f20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 o terminal... \n-00023290: e280 986d 6f72 7365 e280 9920 6861 7320 ...morse... has \n-000232a0: 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 no color support\n-000232b0: 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 at all... ...\n-000232c0: 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 636f 6c6f mda_text... colo\n-000232d0: 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 206c 696d r support is lim\n-000232e0: 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 ited to highligh\n-000232f0: 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 ting by black/wh\n-00023300: 6974 650a 7265 7665 7273 616c 2e0a 0a20 ite.reversal... \n-00023310: 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 ...console... \n-00023320: 6f6e 2041 5243 2c20 454d 5520 616e 6420 on ARC, EMU and \n-00023330: 4945 4545 3132 3735 2c20 e280 9873 6572 IEEE1275, ...ser\n-00023340: 6961 6c5f 2ae2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 ial_*... and ...\n-00023350: 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d e280 9920 6172 650a spkmodem... are.\n-00023360: 676f 7665 726e 6564 2062 7920 7465 726d governed by term\n-00023370: 696e 666f 2061 6e64 2073 7570 706f 7274 info and support\n-00023380: 206f 6e6c 7920 3820 636f 6c6f 7273 2069 only 8 colors i\n-00023390: 6620 696e 206d 6f64 6573 20e2 8098 7674 f in modes ...vt\n-000233a0: 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 0a28 6465 100-color....(de\n-000233b0: 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c fault for consol\n-000233c0: 6520 6f6e 2065 6d75 292c 20e2 8098 6172 e on emu), ...ar\n-000233d0: 63e2 8099 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f c... (default fo\n-000233e0: 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2041 5243 r console on ARC\n-000233f0: 292c 0ae2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 ),....ieee1275..\n-00023400: 9920 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 . (default for c\n-00023410: 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 4945 4545 3132 onsole on IEEE12\n-00023420: 3735 292e 2020 5768 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f 75). When in mo\n-00023430: 6465 20e2 8098 7674 3130 30e2 8099 2074 de ...vt100... t\n-00023440: 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 hen.the color su\n-00023450: 7070 6f72 7420 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 pport is limited\n-00023460: 2074 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 to highlighting\n-00023470: 2062 7920 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 6520 by black/white \n-00023480: 7265 7665 7273 616c 2e0a 5768 656e 2069 reversal..When i\n-00023490: 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 n mode ...dumb..\n-000234a0: 9920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 636f . there is no co\n-000234b0: 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a 2020 lor support... \n-000234c0: 2057 6865 6e20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 When console su\n-000234d0: 7070 6f72 7473 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f 7273 pports no colors\n-000234e0: 2074 6869 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 6973 this setting is\n-000234f0: 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a ignored. When.\n-00023500: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 console supports\n-00023510: 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2074 6865 6e20 8 colors, then \n-00023520: 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2066 726f 6d20 the colors from \n-00023530: 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2068 616c 6620 the second half \n-00023540: 6f66 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 of the.previous \n-00023550: 6c69 7374 2061 7265 206d 6170 7065 6420 list are mapped \n-00023560: 746f 2074 6865 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 to the matching \n-00023570: 636f 6c6f 7273 206f 6620 6669 7273 7420 colors of first \n-00023580: 6861 6c66 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e half... ...con\n-00023590: 736f 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 sole... on EFI a\n-000235a0: 6e64 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 e280 9876 nd BIOS and ...v\n-000235b0: 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2073 7570 706f ga_text... suppo\n-000235c0: 7274 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 rt all 16 colors\n-000235d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d ... ...gfxterm\n-000235e0: e280 9920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 6c6c ... supports all\n-000235f0: 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2061 6e64 2077 16 colors and w\n-00023600: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7468 656f 7265 7469 ould be theoreti\n-00023610: 6361 6c6c 790a 6578 7465 6e64 6162 6c65 cally.extendable\n-00023620: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7768 6f6c to support whol\n-00023630: 6520 7267 6232 3420 7061 6c65 7474 6520 e rgb24 palette \n-00023640: 6275 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 but currently th\n-00023650: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 656c ere is no.compel\n-00023660: 6c69 6e67 2072 6561 736f 6e20 746f 2067 ling reason to g\n-00023670: 6f20 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 2063 7572 o beyond the cur\n-00023680: 7265 6e74 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a rent 16 colors..\n-00023690: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000236a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 fo, Node: confi\n-000236b0: 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 g_directory, Ne\n-000236c0: 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c xt: config_file,\n-000236d0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f Prev: color_no\n-000236e0: 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 rmal, Up: Speci\n-000236f0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00023700: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e37 ariables..15.1.7\n-00023710: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 config_director\n-00023720: 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d y.--------------\n-00023730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 ---------..This \n-00023740: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6175 746f variable is auto\n-00023750: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 matically set by\n-00023760: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 2064 6972 GRUB to the dir\n-00023770: 6563 746f 7279 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a63 ectory part of.c\n-00023780: 7572 7265 6e74 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 urrent configura\n-00023790: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 tion file name (\n-000237a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c *note config_fil\n-000237b0: 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 e::).....File: g\n-000237c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000237d0: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 204e config_file, N\n-000237e0: 6578 743a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 2050 7265 ext: debug, Pre\n-000237f0: 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 v: config_direct\n-00023800: 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ory, Up: Specia\n-00023810: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00023820: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3820 riables..15.1.8 \n-00023830: 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d config_file.----\n-00023840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00023850: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 This variable is\n-00023860: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 automatically s\n-00023870: 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 et by GRUB to th\n-00023880: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 e name of config\n-00023890: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 6669 6c65 2074 6861 uration.file tha\n-000238a0: 7420 6973 2062 6569 6e67 2070 726f 6365 t is being proce\n-000238b0: 7373 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ssed by commands\n-000238c0: 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 ...configfile..\n-000238d0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6e 6669 6766 . (*note.configf\n-000238e0: 696c 653a 3a29 206f 7220 e280 986e 6f72 ile::) or ...nor\n-000238f0: 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f mal... (*note no\n-00023900: 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 2069 7320 rmal::). It is \n-00023910: 7265 7374 6f72 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a restored to the.\n-00023920: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 616c 7565 2077 previous value w\n-00023930: 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6d70 hen command comp\n-00023940: 6c65 7465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 letes.....File: \n-00023950: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00023960: 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : debug, Next: \n-00023970: 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 default, Prev: \n-00023980: 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 config_file, Up\n-00023990: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-000239a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-000239b0: 0a31 352e 312e 3920 6465 6275 670a 2d2d .15.1.9 debug.--\n-000239c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n-000239d0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 variable may be\n-000239e0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2064 set to enable d\n-000239f0: 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 7420 ebugging output \n-00023a00: 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a63 6f6d from various.com\n-00023a10: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422e ponents of GRUB.\n-00023a20: 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 616e The value is an\n-00023a30: 206f 7264 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ordered list of\n-00023a40: 2064 6562 7567 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 debug facility \n-00023a50: 6e61 6d65 730a 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 names.separated \n-00023a60: 6279 2077 6869 7465 7370 6163 6520 6f72 by whitespace or\n-00023a70: 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ...,.... If th\n-00023a80: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6661 6369 6c69 e special facili\n-00023a90: 7479 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 616c 6ce2 ty named ...all.\n-00023aa0: 8099 2069 730a 7072 6573 656e 7420 7468 .. is.present th\n-00023ab0: 656e 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 en debugging out\n-00023ac0: 7075 7420 6f66 2061 6c6c 2066 6163 696c put of all facil\n-00023ad0: 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6973 2065 6e61 ity names is ena\n-00023ae0: 626c 6564 2061 7420 7468 650a 7374 6172 bled at the.star\n-00023af0: 7420 6f66 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 6720 t of processing \n-00023b00: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 the value of thi\n-00023b10: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 2041 2066 s variable. A f\n-00023b20: 6163 696c 6974 7927 7320 6465 6275 670a acility's debug.\n-00023b30: 6f75 7470 7574 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 output can then \n-00023b40: 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2070 be disabled by p\n-00023b50: 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2069 7473 206e 616d refixing its nam\n-00023b60: 6520 7769 7468 2061 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 e with a ...-...\n-00023b70: 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6173 740a 6f63 6375 . The last.occu\n-00023b80: 7265 6e63 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e rence facility n\n-00023b90: 616d 6520 7769 7468 206f 7220 7769 7468 ame with or with\n-00023ba0: 6f75 7420 6120 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 out a leading ..\n-00023bb0: 982d e280 9920 7461 6b65 7320 7072 6563 .-... takes prec\n-00023bc0: 656e 6465 6e74 0a6f 7665 7220 616e 7920 endent.over any \n-00023bd0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 206f 6363 7572 656e previous occuren\n-00023be0: 6365 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 ce. This allows\n-00023bf0: 2074 6865 2065 6173 7920 656e 6162 6c69 the easy enabli\n-00023c00: 6e67 206f 7220 6469 7361 626c 696e 670a ng or disabling.\n-00023c10: 6f66 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 6279 of facilities by\n-00023c20: 2061 7070 656e 6469 6e67 2061 20e2 8098 appending a ...\n-00023c30: 2ce2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 7468 ,... and then th\n-00023c40: 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6520 e facility name \n-00023c50: 7769 7468 206f 720a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 with or.without \n-00023c60: 7468 6520 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 982d the leading ...-\n-00023c70: e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 ..., which will \n-00023c80: 7072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 7461 preserve the sta\n-00023c90: 7465 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f te of the rest o\n-00023ca0: 660a 7468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 f.the facilities\n-00023cb0: 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 . The facility \n-00023cc0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 names are the fi\n-00023cd0: 7273 7420 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 6f0a rst argument to.\n-00023ce0: 6772 7562 5f64 7072 696e 7466 2e20 2043 grub_dprintf. C\n-00023cf0: 6f6e 7375 6c74 2074 6865 2073 6f75 7263 onsult the sourc\n-00023d00: 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 e for more detai\n-00023d10: 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ls.....File: gru\n-00023d20: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 b.info, Node: d\n-00023d30: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 efault, Next: f\n-00023d40: 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 allback, Prev: \n-00023d50: 6465 6275 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 debug, Up: Spec\n-00023d60: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00023d70: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00023d80: 3130 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 10 default.-----\n-00023d90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 ----------..If t\n-00023da0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-00023db0: 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 set, it identifi\n-00023dc0: 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 es a menu entry \n-00023dd0: 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a73 that should be.s\n-00023de0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 elected by defau\n-00023df0: 6c74 2c20 706f 7373 6962 6c79 2061 6674 lt, possibly aft\n-00023e00: 6572 2061 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e er a timeout (*n\n-00023e10: 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2e20 ote timeout::). \n-00023e20: 2054 6865 0a65 6e74 7279 206d 6179 2062 The.entry may b\n-00023e30: 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 e identified by \n-00023e40: 6e75 6d62 6572 2028 7374 6172 7469 6e67 number (starting\n-00023e50: 2066 726f 6d20 3020 6174 2065 6163 6820 from 0 at each \n-00023e60: 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 0a68 6965 level of the.hie\n-00023e70: 7261 7263 6879 292c 2062 7920 7469 746c rarchy), by titl\n-00023e80: 652c 206f 7220 6279 2069 642e 0a0a 2020 e, or by id... \n-00023e90: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 For example, if\n-00023ea0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 you have:..menu\n-00023eb0: 656e 7472 7920 2745 7861 6d70 6c65 2047 entry 'Example G\n-00023ec0: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2064 6973 7472 6962 NU/Linux distrib\n-00023ed0: 7574 696f 6e27 202d 2d63 6c61 7373 2067 ution' --class g\n-00023ee0: 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 202d 2d69 6420 6578 nu-linux --id ex\n-00023ef0: 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 ample-gnu-linux \n-00023f00: 7b0a 092e 2e2e 0a7d 0a0a 2020 2074 6865 {......}.. the\n-00023f10: 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 2074 n you can make t\n-00023f20: 6869 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 his the default \n-00023f30: 7573 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2064 6566 using:.. def\n-00023f40: 6175 6c74 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 ault=example-gnu\n-00023f50: 2d6c 696e 7578 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 -linux.. If th\n-00023f60: 6520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2069 6e20 6120 e entry is in a \n-00023f70: 7375 626d 656e 752c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 submenu, then it\n-00023f80: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 must be identif\n-00023f90: 6965 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 6e75 ied using the.nu\n-00023fa0: 6d62 6572 2c20 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 mber, title, or \n-00023fb0: 6964 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 id of each of th\n-00023fc0: 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 7461 7274 e submenus start\n-00023fd0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6f70 ing from the top\n-00023fe0: 0a6c 6576 656c 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 .level, followed\n-00023ff0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 by the number, \n-00024000: 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6964 206f 6620 title, or id of \n-00024010: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 the menu entry i\n-00024020: 7473 656c 662c 0a77 6974 6820 6561 6368 tself,.with each\n-00024030: 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6570 6172 6174 element separat\n-00024040: 6564 2062 7920 e280 983e e280 992e 2020 ed by ...>.... \n-00024050: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 616b For example, tak\n-00024060: 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a e the following.\n-00024070: 6d65 6e75 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 3a0a menu structure:.\n-00024080: 0a20 2020 2020 474e 552f 4875 7264 202d . GNU/Hurd -\n-00024090: 2d69 6420 676e 752d 6875 7264 0a20 2020 -id gnu-hurd. \n-000240a0: 2020 2020 5374 616e 6461 7264 2042 6f6f Standard Boo\n-000240b0: 7420 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 7572 642d t --id=gnu-hurd-\n-000240c0: 7374 640a 2020 2020 2020 2052 6573 6375 std. Rescu\n-000240d0: 6520 7368 656c 6c20 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 e shell --id=gnu\n-000240e0: 2d68 7572 642d 7265 7363 7565 0a20 2020 -hurd-rescue. \n-000240f0: 2020 4f74 6865 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d Other platform\n-00024100: 7320 2d2d 6964 3d6f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 s --id=other. \n-00024110: 2020 2020 4d69 6e69 7820 2d2d 6964 3d6d Minix --id=m\n-00024120: 696e 6978 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 inix. Ve\n-00024130: 7273 696f 6e20 332e 342e 3020 2d2d 6964 rsion 3.4.0 --id\n-00024140: 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 0a20 2020 =minix-3.4.0. \n-00024150: 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e Version 3.\n-00024160: 332e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 3.0 --id=minix-3\n-00024170: 2e33 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 .3.0. GRUB\n-00024180: 2049 6e76 6164 6572 7320 2d2d 6964 3d67 Invaders --id=g\n-00024190: 7275 622d 696e 7661 6465 7273 0a0a 2020 rub-invaders.. \n-000241a0: 2054 6865 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6365 6e74 The more recent\n-000241b0: 2072 656c 6561 7365 206f 6620 4d69 6e69 release of Mini\n-000241c0: 7820 776f 756c 6420 7468 656e 2062 6520 x would then be \n-000241d0: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2061 7320 e280 identified as ..\n-000241e0: 984f 7468 6572 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 .Other.platforms\n-000241f0: 3e4d 696e 6978 3e56 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 >Minix>Version 3\n-00024200: 2e34 2e30 e280 992c 206f 7220 6173 20e2 .4.0..., or as .\n-00024210: 8098 313e 303e 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 ..1>0>0..., or a\n-00024220: 730a e280 986f 7468 6572 3e6d 696e 6978 s....other>minix\n-00024230: 3e6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 e280 992e >minix-3.4.0....\n-00024240: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 .. This variab\n-00024250: 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 le is often set \n-00024260: 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 by ...GRUB_DEFAU\n-00024270: 4c54 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d LT... (*note Sim\n-00024280: 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple.configuratio\n-00024290: 6e3a 3a29 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 n::), ...grub-se\n-000242a0: 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2c20 6f72 t-default..., or\n-000242b0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d72 6562 6f6f 74e2 ...grub-reboot.\n-000242c0: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n-000242d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 b.info, Node: f\n-000242e0: 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 allback, Next: \n-000242f0: 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 gfxmode, Prev: \n-00024300: 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 default, Up: Sp\n-00024310: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00024320: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00024330: 312e 3131 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b0a 2d2d 1.11 fallback.--\n-00024340: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00024350: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n-00024360: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e is set, it iden\n-00024370: 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e tifies a menu en\n-00024380: 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 try that should \n-00024390: 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 6966 2074 be.selected if t\n-000243a0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he default menu \n-000243b0: 656e 7472 7920 6661 696c 7320 746f 2062 entry fails to b\n-000243c0: 6f6f 742e 2020 456e 7472 6965 7320 6172 oot. Entries ar\n-000243d0: 650a 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2069 6e20 e.identified in \n-000243e0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2077 6179 2061 7320 the same way as \n-000243f0: 666f 7220 e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 e280 for ...default..\n-00024400: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 6566 6175 6c74 . (*note default\n-00024410: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00024420: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024430: 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 gfxmode, Next: \n-00024440: 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2050 7265 gfxpayload, Pre\n-00024450: 763a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 v: fallback, Up\n-00024460: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00024470: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00024480: 0a31 352e 312e 3132 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 .15.1.12 gfxmode\n-00024490: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000244a0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n-000244b0: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 7365 le is set, it se\n-000244c0: 7473 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f ts the resolutio\n-000244d0: 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 e280 n used on the ..\n-000244e0: 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 990a 6772 6170 .gfxterm....grap\n-000244f0: 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 hical terminal. \n-00024500: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 Note that you c\n-00024510: 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6520 6d6f 6465 an only use mode\n-00024520: 7320 7768 6963 6820 796f 7572 0a67 7261 s which your.gra\n-00024530: 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2073 7570 706f phics card suppo\n-00024540: 7274 7320 7669 6120 5645 5341 2042 494f rts via VESA BIO\n-00024550: 5320 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 S Extensions (VB\n-00024560: 4529 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 E), so for examp\n-00024570: 6c65 0a6e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 le.native LCD pa\n-00024580: 6e65 6c20 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 7320 nel resolutions \n-00024590: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c may not be avail\n-000245a0: 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 able. The defau\n-000245b0: 6c74 2069 730a e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 lt is....auto...\n-000245c0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7365 6c65 6374 7320 , which selects \n-000245d0: 6120 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 a platform-speci\n-000245e0: 6669 6320 6465 6661 756c 7420 7468 6174 fic default that\n-000245f0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b 0a72 6561 should look.rea\n-00024600: 736f 6e61 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 sonable. Suppor\n-00024610: 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 7320 6361 6e20 6265 ted modes can be\n-00024620: 206c 6973 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 7669 listed by ...vi\n-00024630: 6465 6f69 6e66 6fe2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 deoinfo... comma\n-00024640: 6e64 2069 6e0a 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 nd in.GRUB... \n-00024650: 5468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 206d The resolution m\n-00024660: 6179 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 ay be specified \n-00024670: 6173 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 as a sequence of\n-00024680: 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 one or more mod\n-00024690: 6573 2c0a 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 es,.separated by\n-000246a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 7320 28e2 8098 2ce2 8099 commas (...,...\n-000246b0: 2920 6f72 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 ) or semicolons \n-000246c0: 28e2 8098 3be2 8099 293b 2065 6163 6820 (...;...); each \n-000246d0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6965 6420 696e will be tried in\n-000246e0: 0a74 7572 6e20 756e 7469 6c20 6f6e 6520 .turn until one \n-000246f0: 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2e20 2045 6163 6820 is found. Each \n-00024700: 6d6f 6465 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2065 mode should be e\n-00024710: 6974 6865 7220 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 ither ...auto...\n-00024720: 2c0a e280 9857 4944 5448 7848 4549 4748 ,....WIDTHxHEIGH\n-00024730: 54e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 5749 4454 T..., or ...WIDT\n-00024740: 4878 4845 4947 4854 7844 4550 5448 e280 HxHEIGHTxDEPTH..\n-00024750: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n-00024760: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 .info, Node: gf\n-00024770: 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 204e 6578 743a xpayload, Next:\n-00024780: 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 gfxterm_font, \n-00024790: 5072 6576 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 Prev: gfxmode, \n-000247a0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-000247b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-000247c0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3133 2067 6678 7061 s..15.1.13 gfxpa\n-000247d0: 796c 6f61 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d yload.----------\n-000247e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n-000247f0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n-00024800: 742c 2069 7420 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2074 t, it controls t\n-00024810: 6865 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6520 696e he video mode in\n-00024820: 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 which the Linux\n-00024830: 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 7374 6172 7473 2075 .kernel starts u\n-00024840: 702c 2072 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 2074 6865 p, replacing the\n-00024850: 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 626f 6f74 ...vga=... boot\n-00024860: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 206c option (*note l\n-00024870: 696e 7578 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 0a6d 6179 inux::). It.may\n-00024880: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7465 be set to ...te\n-00024890: 7874 e280 9920 746f 2066 6f72 6365 2074 xt... to force t\n-000248a0: 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 he Linux kernel \n-000248b0: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 to boot in norma\n-000248c0: 6c20 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 l text.mode, ...\n-000248d0: 6b65 6570 e280 9920 746f 2070 7265 7365 keep... to prese\n-000248e0: 7276 6520 7468 6520 6772 6170 6869 6373 rve the graphics\n-000248f0: 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7420 7573 696e 6720 mode set using \n-00024900: e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 992c 206f ...gfxmode..., o\n-00024910: 7220 616e 790a 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6572 r any.of the per\n-00024920: 6d69 7474 6564 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f mitted values fo\n-00024930: 7220 e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 r ...gfxmode... \n-00024940: 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 7469 6375 to set a particu\n-00024950: 6c61 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 lar graphics mod\n-00024960: 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 e.(*note gfxmode\n-00024970: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2044 6570 656e 6469 ::)... Dependi\n-00024980: 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 ng on your kerne\n-00024990: 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 l, your distribu\n-000249a0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 tion, your graph\n-000249b0: 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c20 616e 640a 7468 ics card, and.th\n-000249c0: 6520 7068 6173 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d e phase of the m\n-000249d0: 6f6f 6e2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2075 oon, note that u\n-000249e0: 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e sing this option\n-000249f0: 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 2047 4e55 2f4c may cause GNU/L\n-00024a00: 696e 7578 0a74 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 inux.to suffer f\n-00024a10: 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 rom various disp\n-00024a20: 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 lay problems, pa\n-00024a30: 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2064 7572 696e rticularly durin\n-00024a40: 6720 7468 6520 6561 726c 790a 7061 7274 g the early.part\n-00024a50: 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6571 of the boot seq\n-00024a60: 7565 6e63 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 uence. If you h\n-00024a70: 6176 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7365 ave problems, se\n-00024a80: 7420 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 t this variable \n-00024a90: 746f 0ae2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e to....text... an\n-00024aa0: 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c d GRUB will tell\n-00024ab0: 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 Linux to boot i\n-00024ac0: 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 7420 6d6f n normal text mo\n-00024ad0: 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 de... The defa\n-00024ae0: 756c 7420 6973 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d ult is platform-\n-00024af0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 204f 6e20 706c specific. On pl\n-00024b00: 6174 666f 726d 7320 7769 7468 2061 206e atforms with a n\n-00024b10: 6174 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 6520 ative text.mode \n-00024b20: 2873 7563 6820 6173 2050 4320 4249 4f53 (such as PC BIOS\n-00024b30: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 292c 2074 6865 platforms), the\n-00024b40: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9874 default is ...t\n-00024b50: 6578 74e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 ext.... Otherwi\n-00024b60: 7365 2074 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 206d se the.default m\n-00024b70: 6179 2062 6520 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 ay be ...auto...\n-00024b80: 206f 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 2076 or a specific v\n-00024b90: 6964 656f 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 ideo mode... T\n-00024ba0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-00024bb0: 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 often set by ...\n-00024bc0: 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 445f GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_\n-00024bd0: 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 LINUX... (*note \n-00024be0: 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple.configura\n-00024bf0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 tion::).....File\n-00024c00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00024c10: 6465 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 de: gfxterm_font\n-00024c20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f 6370 , Next: grub_cp\n-00024c30: 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 7870 6179 u, Prev: gfxpay\n-00024c40: 6c6f 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 load, Up: Speci\n-00024c50: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00024c60: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n-00024c70: 3420 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 0a2d 4 gfxterm_font.-\n-00024c80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024c90: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n-00024ca0: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n-00024cb0: 206e 616d 6573 2061 2066 6f6e 7420 746f names a font to\n-00024cc0: 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6578 7420 6f6e use for text on\n-00024cd0: 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 the....gfxterm.\n-00024ce0: 8099 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 .. graphical ter\n-00024cf0: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 minal. Otherwis\n-00024d00: 652c 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 e, ...gfxterm...\n-00024d10: 206d 6179 2075 7365 2061 6e79 0a61 7661 may use any.ava\n-00024d20: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f6e 742e 0a0a 1f0a ilable font.....\n-00024d30: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00024d40: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 Node: grub_cpu\n-00024d50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f 706c , Next: grub_pl\n-00024d60: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 atform, Prev: g\n-00024d70: 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 fxterm_font, Up\n-00024d80: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00024d90: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00024da0: 0a31 352e 312e 3135 2067 7275 625f 6370 .15.1.15 grub_cp\n-00024db0: 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d u.--------------\n-00024dc0: 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f --..In normal mo\n-00024dd0: 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c de (*note normal\n-00024de0: 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 ::), GRUB sets t\n-00024df0: 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f63 7075 e280 he ...grub_cpu..\n-00024e00: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 7468 . variable to.th\n-00024e10: 6520 4350 5520 7479 7065 2066 6f72 2077 e CPU type for w\n-00024e20: 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 hich GRUB was bu\n-00024e30: 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6933 ilt (e.g. ...i3\n-00024e40: 3836 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 706f 7765 86... or ...powe\n-00024e50: 7270 63e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rpc...).....File\n-00024e60: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00024e70: 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 de: grub_platfor\n-00024e80: 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 m, Next: icondi\n-00024e90: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 r, Prev: grub_c\n-00024ea0: 7075 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c pu, Up: Special\n-00024eb0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00024ec0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3620 iables..15.1.16 \n-00024ed0: 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 2d2d grub_platform.--\n-00024ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024ef0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d ---..In normal m\n-00024f00: 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 ode (*note norma\n-00024f10: 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 l::), GRUB sets \n-00024f20: 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f 706c 6174 the ...grub_plat\n-00024f30: 666f 726d e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 form... variable\n-00024f40: 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d .to the platform\n-00024f50: 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 for which GRUB \n-00024f60: 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 was built (e.g. \n-00024f70: 20e2 8098 7063 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 ...pc... or ...\n-00024f80: 6566 69e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 efi...).....File\n-00024f90: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00024fa0: 6465 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 4e65 de: icondir, Ne\n-00024fb0: 7874 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: lang, Prev:\n-00024fc0: 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 grub_platform, \n-00024fd0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00024fe0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00024ff0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3720 6963 6f6e es..15.1.17 icon\n-00025000: 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dir.------------\n-00025010: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n-00025020: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n-00025030: 206e 616d 6573 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f names a directo\n-00025040: 7279 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 ry in which the \n-00025050: 4752 5542 0a67 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d GRUB.graphical m\n-00025060: 656e 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b20 enu should look \n-00025070: 666f 7220 6963 6f6e 7320 6166 7465 7220 for icons after \n-00025080: 6c6f 6f6b 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 2074 looking in the t\n-00025090: 6865 6d65 2773 0ae2 8098 6963 6f6e 73e2 heme's....icons.\n-000250a0: 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e20 202a .. directory. *\n-000250b0: 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 Note Theme file \n-000250c0: 666f 726d 6174 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c format::.....Fil\n-000250d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000250e0: 6f64 653a 206c 616e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: lang, Next\n-000250f0: 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 2050 : locale_dir, P\n-00025100: 7265 763a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 2055 rev: icondir, U\n-00025110: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00025120: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00025130: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3820 6c61 6e67 0a2d ..15.1.18 lang.-\n-00025140: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n-00025150: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n-00025160: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 set, it names t\n-00025170: 6865 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 636f 6465 he language code\n-00025180: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 9867 6574 that the ...get\n-00025190: 7465 7874 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 text....command \n-000251a0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a (*note gettext::\n-000251b0: 2920 7573 6573 2074 6f20 7472 616e 736c ) uses to transl\n-000251c0: 6174 6520 7374 7269 6e67 732e 2020 466f ate strings. Fo\n-000251d0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a46 7265 6e63 r example,.Frenc\n-000251e0: 6820 776f 756c 6420 6265 206e 616d 6564 h would be named\n-000251f0: 2061 7320 e280 9866 72e2 8099 2c20 616e as ...fr..., an\n-00025200: 6420 5369 6d70 6c69 6669 6564 2043 6869 d Simplified Chi\n-00025210: 6e65 7365 2061 7320 e280 987a 685f 434e nese as ...zh_CN\n-00025220: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ...... ...grub\n-00025230: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e -mkconfig... (*n\n-00025240: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 ote Simple confi\n-00025250: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c guration::) will\n-00025260: 2074 7279 2074 6f20 7365 7420 610a 7265 try to set a.re\n-00025270: 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2064 6566 6175 6c74 asonable default\n-00025280: 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 for this variab\n-00025290: 6c65 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 le based on the \n-000252a0: 7379 7374 656d 206c 6f63 616c 652e 0a0a system locale...\n-000252b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000252c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 o, Node: locale\n-000252d0: 5f64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f63 _dir, Next: loc\n-000252e0: 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c61 kdown, Prev: la\n-000252f0: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ng, Up: Special\n-00025300: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00025310: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3920 iables..15.1.19 \n-00025320: 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d locale_dir.-----\n-00025330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n-00025340: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n-00025350: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 is set, it names\n-00025360: 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 the directory w\n-00025370: 6865 7265 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e here translation\n-00025380: 2066 696c 6573 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 666f files.may be fo\n-00025390: 756e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 und (*note gette\n-000253a0: 7874 3a3a 292c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 xt::), usually .\n-000253b0: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 ../boot/grub/loc\n-000253c0: 616c 65e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 ale.... Otherwi\n-000253d0: 7365 2c0a 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 se,.internationa\n-000253e0: 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6469 7361 lization is disa\n-000253f0: 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 bled... ...gru\n-00025400: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a b-mkconfig... (*\n-00025410: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 note Simple conf\n-00025420: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c iguration::) wil\n-00025430: 6c20 7365 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 l set a reasonab\n-00025440: 6c65 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 le.default for t\n-00025450: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6620 his variable if \n-00025460: 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 internationaliza\n-00025470: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2061 tion is needed a\n-00025480: 6e64 2061 6e79 0a74 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 nd any.translati\n-00025490: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7661 on files are ava\n-000254a0: 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ilable.....File:\n-000254b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000254c0: 653a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 4e65 e: lockdown, Ne\n-000254d0: 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 xt: menu_color_h\n-000254e0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a ighlight, Prev:\n-000254f0: 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 5570 locale_dir, Up\n-00025500: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00025510: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00025520: 0a31 352e 312e 3230 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 .15.1.20 lockdow\n-00025530: 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n.--------------\n-00025540: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n-00025550: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 able is set to .\n-00025560: 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 ..y..., it means\n-00025570: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2068 6173 2065 that GRUB has e\n-00025580: 6e74 6572 6564 202a 6e6f 7465 0a4c 6f63 ntered *note.Loc\n-00025590: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f kdown:: mode....\n-000255a0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000255b0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f , Node: menu_co\n-000255c0: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 lor_highlight, \n-000255d0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 Next: menu_color\n-000255e0: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _normal, Prev: \n-000255f0: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 lockdown, Up: S\n-00025600: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00025610: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00025620: 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 .1.21 menu_color\n-00025630: 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d _highlight.-----\n+00022a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+00022a30: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 riable controls \n+00022a40: 7768 6574 6865 7220 4752 5542 2065 6e66 whether GRUB enf\n+00022a50: 6f72 6365 7320 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 orces digital si\n+00022a60: 676e 6174 7572 650a 7661 6c69 6461 7469 gnature.validati\n+00022a70: 6f6e 206f 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 696c on on loaded fil\n+00022a80: 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 es. *Note Using\n+00022a90: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n+00022aa0: 7265 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 res::.....File: \n+00022ab0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00022ac0: 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 204e 6578 743a : chosen, Next:\n+00022ad0: 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a cmdpath, Prev:\n+00022ae0: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n+00022af0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 s, Up: Special \n+00022b00: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00022b10: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3320 6368 ables..15.1.3 ch\n+00022b20: 6f73 656e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d osen.-----------\n+00022b30: 2d2d 0a0a 5768 656e 2065 7865 6375 7469 --..When executi\n+00022b40: 6e67 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c ng a menu entry,\n+00022b50: 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 2043 GRUB sets the C\n+00022b60: 484f 5345 4e20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 HOSEN variable t\n+00022b70: 6f20 7468 6520 7469 746c 650a 6f66 2074 o the title.of t\n+00022b80: 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6569 6e67 2065 he entry being e\n+00022b90: 7865 6375 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 xecuted... If \n+00022ba0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 the menu entry i\n+00022bb0: 7320 696e 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 s in one or more\n+00022bc0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 732c 2074 6865 6e20 submenus, then \n+00022bd0: 4348 4f53 454e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f CHOSEN is set to\n+00022be0: 0a74 6865 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 2065 .the titles of e\n+00022bf0: 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7562 6d65 ach of the subme\n+00022c00: 6e75 7320 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f nus starting fro\n+00022c10: 6d20 7468 6520 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 m the top level \n+00022c20: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 0a62 7920 7468 6520 followed.by the \n+00022c30: 7469 746c 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e title of the men\n+00022c40: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6974 7365 6c66 2c20 u entry itself, \n+00022c50: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 separated by ...\n+00022c60: 3ee2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 >........File: g\n+00022c70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00022c80: 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a cmdpath, Next:\n+00022c90: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 color_highlight\n+00022ca0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c , Prev: chosen,\n+00022cb0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00022cc0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00022cd0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3420 636d 6470 les..15.1.4 cmdp\n+00022ce0: 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ath.------------\n+00022cf0: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e --..The location\n+00022d00: 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6963 6820 e280 9863 from which ...c\n+00022d10: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2077 6173 206c ore.img... was l\n+00022d20: 6f61 6465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f oaded as an abso\n+00022d30: 6c75 7465 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6e lute directory.n\n+00022d40: 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 ame (*note File \n+00022d50: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 name syntax::). \n+00022d60: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2073 6574 2062 7920 This is set by \n+00022d70: 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 7020 GRUB at startup \n+00022d80: 6261 7365 640a 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 based.on informa\n+00022d90: 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 tion returned by\n+00022da0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6669 726d 7761 platform firmwa\n+00022db0: 7265 2e20 204e 6f74 2065 7665 7279 2070 re. Not every p\n+00022dc0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 latform.provides\n+00022dd0: 2074 6869 7320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f this informatio\n+00022de0: 6e20 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206d 6179 2072 n and some may r\n+00022df0: 6574 7572 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2064 6576 6963 eturn only devic\n+00022e00: 6520 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7061 7468 0a6e e without path.n\n+00022e10: 616d 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ame.....File: gr\n+00022e20: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00022e30: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c color_highlight,\n+00022e40: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f Next: color_no\n+00022e50: 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d64 rmal, Prev: cmd\n+00022e60: 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 path, Up: Speci\n+00022e70: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00022e80: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e35 ariables..15.1.5\n+00022e90: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 color_highlight\n+00022ea0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00022eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+00022ec0: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 riable contains \n+00022ed0: 7468 6520 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 2220 the \"highlight\" \n+00022ee0: 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 foreground and b\n+00022ef0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 7465 726d 696e ackground.termin\n+00022f00: 616c 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 al colors, separ\n+00022f10: 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 ated by a slash \n+00022f20: 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 (.../...). Sett\n+00022f30: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c ing this variabl\n+00022f40: 650a 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 e.changes those \n+00022f50: 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 colors. For the\n+00022f60: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 available color\n+00022f70: 206e 616d 6573 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f names, *note.co\n+00022f80: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 lor_normal::... \n+00022f90: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+00022fa0: 20e2 8098 626c 6163 6b2f 6c69 6768 742d ...black/light-\n+00022fb0: 6772 6179 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 gray........File\n+00022fc0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00022fd0: 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c de: color_normal\n+00022fe0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f , Next: config_\n+00022ff0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5072 6576 directory, Prev\n+00023000: 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 : color_highligh\n+00023010: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n+00023020: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00023030: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3620 636f ables..15.1.6 co\n+00023040: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d lor_normal.-----\n+00023050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00023060: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f This variable co\n+00023070: 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2022 6e6f 726d ntains the \"norm\n+00023080: 616c 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 al\" foreground a\n+00023090: 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 7465 nd background te\n+000230a0: 726d 696e 616c 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 rminal.colors, s\n+000230b0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c eparated by a sl\n+000230c0: 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 ash (.../...). \n+000230d0: 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 Setting this var\n+000230e0: 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 iable changes th\n+000230f0: 6f73 650a 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2045 6163 ose.colors. Eac\n+00023100: 6820 636f 6c6f 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 h color must be \n+00023110: 6120 6e61 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 a name from the \n+00023120: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6c69 7374 3a0a following list:.\n+00023130: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626c 6163 6b0a 2020 . ... black. \n+00023140: 20e2 80a2 2062 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 ... blue. ...\n+00023150: 2067 7265 656e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6379 green. ... cy\n+00023160: 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7265 640a 2020 an. ... red. \n+00023170: 20e2 80a2 206d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 ... magenta. \n+00023180: e280 a220 6272 6f77 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ... brown. ...\n+00023190: 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 light-gray. .\n+000231a0: 80a2 2064 6172 6b2d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 .. dark-gray. \n+000231b0: e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 626c 7565 0a20 ... light-blue. \n+000231c0: 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6565 ... light-gree\n+000231d0: 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d63 n. ... light-c\n+000231e0: 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 yan. ... light\n+000231f0: 2d72 6564 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 -red. ... ligh\n+00023200: 742d 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 t-magenta. ...\n+00023210: 2079 656c 6c6f 770a 2020 20e2 80a2 2077 yellow. ... w\n+00023220: 6869 7465 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 hite.. The def\n+00023230: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 986c 6967 6874 ault is ...light\n+00023240: 2d67 7261 792f 626c 6163 6be2 8099 2e0a -gray/black.....\n+00023250: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 . The color su\n+00023260: 7070 6f72 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7661 pport support va\n+00023270: 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7465 726d 696e ries from termin\n+00023280: 616c 2074 6f20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a al to terminal..\n+00023290: 0a20 2020 e280 986d 6f72 7365 e280 9920 . ...morse... \n+000232a0: 6861 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 has no color sup\n+000232b0: 706f 7274 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 port at all... \n+000232c0: 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 ...mda_text... \n+000232d0: 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 color support is\n+000232e0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 limited to high\n+000232f0: 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 lighting by blac\n+00023300: 6b2f 7768 6974 650a 7265 7665 7273 616c k/white.reversal\n+00023310: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 ... ...console\n+00023320: e280 9920 6f6e 2041 5243 2c20 454d 5520 ... on ARC, EMU \n+00023330: 616e 6420 4945 4545 3132 3735 2c20 e280 and IEEE1275, ..\n+00023340: 9873 6572 6961 6c5f 2ae2 8099 2061 6e64 .serial_*... and\n+00023350: 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d e280 9920 ...spkmodem... \n+00023360: 6172 650a 676f 7665 726e 6564 2062 7920 are.governed by \n+00023370: 7465 726d 696e 666f 2061 6e64 2073 7570 terminfo and sup\n+00023380: 706f 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 3820 636f 6c6f port only 8 colo\n+00023390: 7273 2069 6620 696e 206d 6f64 6573 20e2 rs if in modes .\n+000233a0: 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 ..vt100-color...\n+000233b0: 0a28 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f .(default for co\n+000233c0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2065 6d75 292c 20e2 nsole on emu), .\n+000233d0: 8098 6172 63e2 8099 2028 6465 6661 756c ..arc... (defaul\n+000233e0: 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e t for console on\n+000233f0: 2041 5243 292c 0ae2 8098 6965 6565 3132 ARC),....ieee12\n+00023400: 3735 e280 9920 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 75... (default f\n+00023410: 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 4945 or console on IE\n+00023420: 4545 3132 3735 292e 2020 5768 656e 2069 EE1275). When i\n+00023430: 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 7674 3130 30e2 n mode ...vt100.\n+00023440: 8099 2074 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 636f 6c6f .. then.the colo\n+00023450: 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 206c 696d r support is lim\n+00023460: 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 ited to highligh\n+00023470: 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 ting by black/wh\n+00023480: 6974 6520 7265 7665 7273 616c 2e0a 5768 ite reversal..Wh\n+00023490: 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 6475 en in mode ...du\n+000234a0: 6d62 e280 9920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e mb... there is n\n+000234b0: 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 742e o color support.\n+000234c0: 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 636f 6e73 6f6c .. When consol\n+000234d0: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 206e 6f20 636f e supports no co\n+000234e0: 6c6f 7273 2074 6869 7320 7365 7474 696e lors this settin\n+000234f0: 6720 6973 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e20 2057 g is ignored. W\n+00023500: 6865 6e0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 hen.console supp\n+00023510: 6f72 7473 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2074 orts 8 colors, t\n+00023520: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2066 hen the colors f\n+00023530: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2068 rom the second h\n+00023540: 616c 6620 6f66 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 alf of the.previ\n+00023550: 6f75 7320 6c69 7374 2061 7265 206d 6170 ous list are map\n+00023560: 7065 6420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6174 6368 ped to the match\n+00023570: 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 206f 6620 6669 ing colors of fi\n+00023580: 7273 7420 6861 6c66 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 rst half... ..\n+00023590: 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2045 .console... on E\n+000235a0: 4649 2061 6e64 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 FI and BIOS and \n+000235b0: e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2073 ...vga_text... s\n+000235c0: 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f upport all 16 co\n+000235d0: 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 6678 lors... ...gfx\n+000235e0: 7465 726d e280 9920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 term... supports\n+000235f0: 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2061 all 16 colors a\n+00023600: 6e64 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7468 656f nd would be theo\n+00023610: 7265 7469 6361 6c6c 790a 6578 7465 6e64 retically.extend\n+00023620: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 able to support \n+00023630: 7768 6f6c 6520 7267 6232 3420 7061 6c65 whole rgb24 pale\n+00023640: 7474 6520 6275 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c tte but currentl\n+00023650: 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f0a 636f y there is no.co\n+00023660: 6d70 656c 6c69 6e67 2072 6561 736f 6e20 mpelling reason \n+00023670: 746f 2067 6f20 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 to go beyond the\n+00023680: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2031 3620 636f 6c6f current 16 colo\n+00023690: 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 rs.....File: gru\n+000236a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+000236b0: 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c onfig_directory,\n+000236c0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 Next: config_f\n+000236d0: 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f ile, Prev: colo\n+000236e0: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 r_normal, Up: S\n+000236f0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00023700: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00023710: 2e31 2e37 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 .1.7 config_dire\n+00023720: 6374 6f72 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ctory.----------\n+00023730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n+00023740: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n+00023750: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 automatically se\n+00023760: 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 t by GRUB to the\n+00023770: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2070 6172 7420 directory part \n+00023780: 6f66 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2063 6f6e 6669 of.current confi\n+00023790: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6e61 guration file na\n+000237a0: 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 me (*note config\n+000237b0: 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c _file::).....Fil\n+000237c0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000237d0: 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 ode: config_file\n+000237e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 , Next: debug, \n+000237f0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 Prev: config_di\n+00023800: 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 rectory, Up: Sp\n+00023810: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00023820: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00023830: 312e 3820 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 650a 1.8 config_file.\n+00023840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00023850: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n+00023860: 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c e is automatical\n+00023870: 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2074 ly set by GRUB t\n+00023880: 6f20 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 636f o the name of co\n+00023890: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 6669 6c65 nfiguration.file\n+000238a0: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2062 6569 6e67 2070 that is being p\n+000238b0: 726f 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d rocessed by comm\n+000238c0: 616e 6473 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 ands ...configfi\n+000238d0: 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6e le... (*note.con\n+000238e0: 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 206f 7220 e280 figfile::) or ..\n+000238f0: 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 .normal... (*not\n+00023900: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 e normal::). It\n+00023910: 2069 7320 7265 7374 6f72 6564 2074 6f20 is restored to \n+00023920: 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 616c the.previous val\n+00023930: 7565 2077 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ue when command \n+00023940: 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 completes.....Fi\n+00023950: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00023960: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 4e65 Node: debug, Ne\n+00023970: 7874 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 5072 xt: default, Pr\n+00023980: 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c ev: config_file,\n+00023990: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+000239a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+000239b0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3920 6465 6275 les..15.1.9 debu\n+000239c0: 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a g.------------..\n+000239d0: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 This variable ma\n+000239e0: 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 656e 6162 y be set to enab\n+000239f0: 6c65 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 le debugging out\n+00023a00: 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 put from various\n+00023a10: 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6f66 2047 .components of G\n+00023a20: 5255 422e 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 RUB. The value i\n+00023a30: 7320 616e 206f 7264 6572 6564 206c 6973 s an ordered lis\n+00023a40: 7420 6f66 2064 6562 7567 2066 6163 696c t of debug facil\n+00023a50: 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 730a 7365 7061 7261 ity names.separa\n+00023a60: 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 7465 7370 6163 ted by whitespac\n+00023a70: 6520 6f72 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2e20 2049 e or ...,.... I\n+00023a80: 6620 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6661 f the special fa\n+00023a90: 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 cility named ...\n+00023aa0: 616c 6ce2 8099 2069 730a 7072 6573 656e all... is.presen\n+00023ab0: 7420 7468 656e 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 t then debugging\n+00023ac0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2061 6c6c 2066 output of all f\n+00023ad0: 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6973 acility names is\n+00023ae0: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2061 7420 7468 650a enabled at the.\n+00023af0: 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2070 726f 6365 7373 start of process\n+00023b00: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 ing the value of\n+00023b10: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 this variable. \n+00023b20: 2041 2066 6163 696c 6974 7927 7320 6465 A facility's de\n+00023b30: 6275 670a 6f75 7470 7574 2063 616e 2074 bug.output can t\n+00023b40: 6865 6e20 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 hen be disabled \n+00023b50: 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2069 7473 by prefixing its\n+00023b60: 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 2061 20e2 8098 name with a ...\n+00023b70: 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6173 740a -.... The last.\n+00023b80: 6f63 6375 7265 6e63 6520 6661 6369 6c69 occurence facili\n+00023b90: 7479 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 206f 7220 ty name with or \n+00023ba0: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6120 6c65 6164 696e without a leadin\n+00023bb0: 6720 e280 982d e280 9920 7461 6b65 7320 g ...-... takes \n+00023bc0: 7072 6563 656e 6465 6e74 0a6f 7665 7220 precendent.over \n+00023bd0: 616e 7920 7072 6576 696f 7573 206f 6363 any previous occ\n+00023be0: 7572 656e 6365 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c urence. This al\n+00023bf0: 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 2065 6173 7920 656e lows the easy en\n+00023c00: 6162 6c69 6e67 206f 7220 6469 7361 626c abling or disabl\n+00023c10: 696e 670a 6f66 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 ing.of facilitie\n+00023c20: 7320 6279 2061 7070 656e 6469 6e67 2061 s by appending a\n+00023c30: 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 ...,... and the\n+00023c40: 6e20 7468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e n the facility n\n+00023c50: 616d 6520 7769 7468 206f 720a 7769 7468 ame with or.with\n+00023c60: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6c65 6164 696e 6720 out the leading \n+00023c70: e280 982d e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2077 ...-..., which w\n+00023c80: 696c 6c20 7072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 ill preserve the\n+00023c90: 2073 7461 7465 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 state of the re\n+00023ca0: 7374 206f 660a 7468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 st of.the facili\n+00023cb0: 7469 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6163 696c ties. The facil\n+00023cc0: 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7468 ity names are th\n+00023cd0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 e first argument\n+00023ce0: 2074 6f0a 6772 7562 5f64 7072 696e 7466 to.grub_dprintf\n+00023cf0: 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2074 6865 2073 . Consult the s\n+00023d00: 6f75 7263 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 ource for more d\n+00023d10: 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a etails.....File:\n+00023d20: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00023d30: 653a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 e: default, Nex\n+00023d40: 743a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 t: fallback, Pr\n+00023d50: 6576 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: debug, Up: \n+00023d60: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00023d70: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00023d80: 352e 312e 3130 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a2d 5.1.10 default.-\n+00023d90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00023da0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n+00023db0: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e is set, it iden\n+00023dc0: 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e tifies a menu en\n+00023dd0: 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 try that should \n+00023de0: 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 6279 2064 be.selected by d\n+00023df0: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 706f 7373 6962 6c79 efault, possibly\n+00023e00: 2061 6674 6572 2061 2074 696d 656f 7574 after a timeout\n+00023e10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a (*note timeout:\n+00023e20: 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 0a65 6e74 7279 206d :). The.entry m\n+00023e30: 6179 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 ay be identified\n+00023e40: 2062 7920 6e75 6d62 6572 2028 7374 6172 by number (star\n+00023e50: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 3020 6174 2065 ting from 0 at e\n+00023e60: 6163 6820 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 ach level of the\n+00023e70: 0a68 6965 7261 7263 6879 292c 2062 7920 .hierarchy), by \n+00023e80: 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6279 2069 642e title, or by id.\n+00023e90: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 .. For example\n+00023ea0: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a , if you have:..\n+00023eb0: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2745 7861 6d70 menuentry 'Examp\n+00023ec0: 6c65 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2064 6973 le GNU/Linux dis\n+00023ed0: 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e27 202d 2d63 6c61 tribution' --cla\n+00023ee0: 7373 2067 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 202d 2d69 ss gnu-linux --i\n+00023ef0: 6420 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 d example-gnu-li\n+00023f00: 6e75 7820 7b0a 092e 2e2e 0a7d 0a0a 2020 nux {......}.. \n+00023f10: 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6d61 then you can ma\n+00023f20: 6b65 2074 6869 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 ke this the defa\n+00023f30: 756c 7420 7573 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 ult using:.. \n+00023f40: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 default=example\n+00023f50: 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 0a0a 2020 2049 -gnu-linux.. I\n+00023f60: 6620 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2069 f the entry is i\n+00023f70: 6e20 6120 7375 626d 656e 752c 2074 6865 n a submenu, the\n+00023f80: 6e20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6465 n it must be ide\n+00023f90: 6e74 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 ntified using th\n+00023fa0: 650a 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7469 746c 652c e.number, title,\n+00023fb0: 206f 7220 6964 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f or id of each o\n+00023fc0: 6620 7468 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 f the submenus s\n+00023fd0: 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 tarting from the\n+00023fe0: 2074 6f70 0a6c 6576 656c 2c20 666f 6c6c top.level, foll\n+00023ff0: 6f77 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 owed by the numb\n+00024000: 6572 2c20 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6964 er, title, or id\n+00024010: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 of the menu ent\n+00024020: 7279 2069 7473 656c 662c 0a77 6974 6820 ry itself,.with \n+00024030: 6561 6368 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6570 each element sep\n+00024040: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 983e e280 arated by ...>..\n+00024050: 992e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c .. For example,\n+00024060: 2074 616b 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 take the follow\n+00024070: 696e 670a 6d65 6e75 2073 7472 7563 7475 ing.menu structu\n+00024080: 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 474e 552f 4875 re:.. GNU/Hu\n+00024090: 7264 202d 2d69 6420 676e 752d 6875 7264 rd --id gnu-hurd\n+000240a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 5374 616e 6461 7264 . Standard\n+000240b0: 2042 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 Boot --id=gnu-h\n+000240c0: 7572 642d 7374 640a 2020 2020 2020 2052 urd-std. R\n+000240d0: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 2d2d 6964 escue shell --id\n+000240e0: 3d67 6e75 2d68 7572 642d 7265 7363 7565 =gnu-hurd-rescue\n+000240f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7220 706c 6174 . Other plat\n+00024100: 666f 726d 7320 2d2d 6964 3d6f 7468 6572 forms --id=other\n+00024110: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4d69 6e69 7820 2d2d . Minix --\n+00024120: 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 0a20 2020 2020 2020 id=minix. \n+00024130: 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 342e 3020 Version 3.4.0 \n+00024140: 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 --id=minix-3.4.0\n+00024150: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f . Versio\n+00024160: 6e20 332e 332e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e n 3.3.0 --id=min\n+00024170: 6978 2d33 2e33 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ix-3.3.0. \n+00024180: 4752 5542 2049 6e76 6164 6572 7320 2d2d GRUB Invaders --\n+00024190: 6964 3d67 7275 622d 696e 7661 6465 7273 id=grub-invaders\n+000241a0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206d 6f72 6520 7265 .. The more re\n+000241b0: 6365 6e74 2072 656c 6561 7365 206f 6620 cent release of \n+000241c0: 4d69 6e69 7820 776f 756c 6420 7468 656e Minix would then\n+000241d0: 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2061 be identified a\n+000241e0: 7320 e280 984f 7468 6572 0a70 6c61 7466 s ...Other.platf\n+000241f0: 6f72 6d73 3e4d 696e 6978 3e56 6572 7369 orms>Minix>Versi\n+00024200: 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 e280 992c 206f 7220 on 3.4.0..., or \n+00024210: 6173 20e2 8098 313e 303e 30e2 8099 2c20 as ...1>0>0..., \n+00024220: 6f72 2061 730a e280 986f 7468 6572 3e6d or as....other>m\n+00024230: 696e 6978 3e6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 inix>minix-3.4.0\n+00024240: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 ...... This va\n+00024250: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 riable is often \n+00024260: 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 set by ...GRUB_D\n+00024270: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 EFAULT... (*note\n+00024280: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n+00024290: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2c20 e280 9867 7275 ation::), ...gru\n+000242a0: 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 b-set-default...\n+000242b0: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d72 6562 , or ...grub-reb\n+000242c0: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a oot........File:\n+000242d0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000242e0: 653a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 e: fallback, Ne\n+000242f0: 7874 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5072 xt: gfxmode, Pr\n+00024300: 6576 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 5570 ev: default, Up\n+00024310: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00024320: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00024330: 0a31 352e 312e 3131 2066 616c 6c62 6163 .15.1.11 fallbac\n+00024340: 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d k.--------------\n+00024350: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n+00024360: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n+00024370: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e identifies a men\n+00024380: 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f u entry that sho\n+00024390: 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 uld be.selected \n+000243a0: 6966 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d if the default m\n+000243b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6661 696c 7320 enu entry fails \n+000243c0: 746f 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 456e 7472 6965 to boot. Entrie\n+000243d0: 7320 6172 650a 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 s are.identified\n+000243e0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2077 6179 in the same way\n+000243f0: 2061 7320 666f 7220 e280 9864 6566 6175 as for ...defau\n+00024400: 6c74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 6566 lt... (*note def\n+00024410: 6175 6c74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ault::).....File\n+00024420: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00024430: 6465 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 de: gfxmode, Ne\n+00024440: 7874 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 xt: gfxpayload, \n+00024450: 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c Prev: fallback,\n+00024460: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00024470: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00024480: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3132 2067 6678 les..15.1.12 gfx\n+00024490: 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mode.-----------\n+000244a0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n+000244b0: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n+000244c0: 7420 7365 7473 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c t sets the resol\n+000244d0: 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 ution used on th\n+000244e0: 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 990a e ...gfxterm....\n+000244f0: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e graphical termin\n+00024500: 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 al. Note that y\n+00024510: 6f75 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6520 ou can only use \n+00024520: 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 6963 6820 796f 7572 modes which your\n+00024530: 0a67 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2073 .graphics card s\n+00024540: 7570 706f 7274 7320 7669 6120 5645 5341 upports via VESA\n+00024550: 2042 494f 5320 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 BIOS Extensions\n+00024560: 2028 5642 4529 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 (VBE), so for e\n+00024570: 7861 6d70 6c65 0a6e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 xample.native LC\n+00024580: 4420 7061 6e65 6c20 7265 736f 6c75 7469 D panel resoluti\n+00024590: 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 ons may not be a\n+000245a0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2064 vailable. The d\n+000245b0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 730a e280 9861 7574 efault is....aut\n+000245c0: 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7365 6c65 o..., which sele\n+000245d0: 6374 7320 6120 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 cts a platform-s\n+000245e0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6465 6661 756c 7420 pecific default \n+000245f0: 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b that should look\n+00024600: 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 652e 2020 5375 .reasonable. Su\n+00024610: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 7320 6361 pported modes ca\n+00024620: 6e20 6265 206c 6973 7465 6420 6279 20e2 n be listed by .\n+00024630: 8098 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6fe2 8099 2063 ..videoinfo... c\n+00024640: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e0a 4752 5542 2e0a ommand in.GRUB..\n+00024650: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 . The resoluti\n+00024660: 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 on may be specif\n+00024670: 6965 6420 6173 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 ied as a sequenc\n+00024680: 6520 6f66 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 e of one or more\n+00024690: 206d 6f64 6573 2c0a 7365 7061 7261 7465 modes,.separate\n+000246a0: 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 7320 28e2 8098 d by commas (...\n+000246b0: 2ce2 8099 2920 6f72 2073 656d 6963 6f6c ,...) or semicol\n+000246c0: 6f6e 7320 28e2 8098 3be2 8099 293b 2065 ons (...;...); e\n+000246d0: 6163 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6965 ach will be trie\n+000246e0: 6420 696e 0a74 7572 6e20 756e 7469 6c20 d in.turn until \n+000246f0: 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2e20 2045 one is found. E\n+00024700: 6163 6820 6d6f 6465 2073 686f 756c 6420 ach mode should \n+00024710: 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 9861 7574 be either ...aut\n+00024720: 6fe2 8099 2c0a e280 9857 4944 5448 7848 o...,....WIDTHxH\n+00024730: 4549 4748 54e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 EIGHT..., or ...\n+00024740: 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 7844 4550 WIDTHxHEIGHTxDEP\n+00024750: 5448 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 TH........File: \n+00024760: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00024770: 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 204e : gfxpayload, N\n+00024780: 6578 743a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e ext: gfxterm_fon\n+00024790: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 t, Prev: gfxmod\n+000247a0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n+000247b0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+000247c0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3133 2067 ables..15.1.13 g\n+000247d0: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fxpayload.------\n+000247e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n+000247f0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n+00024800: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 636f 6e74 726f s set, it contro\n+00024810: 6c73 2074 6865 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 ls the video mod\n+00024820: 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 204c e in which the L\n+00024830: 696e 7578 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 7374 6172 inux.kernel star\n+00024840: 7473 2075 702c 2072 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 ts up, replacing\n+00024850: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 the ...vga=... \n+00024860: 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f boot option (*no\n+00024870: 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 te linux::). It\n+00024880: 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 .may be set to .\n+00024890: 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 746f 2066 6f72 ..text... to for\n+000248a0: 6365 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 ce the Linux ker\n+000248b0: 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e nel to boot in n\n+000248c0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 652c ormal text.mode,\n+000248d0: 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 746f 2070 ...keep... to p\n+000248e0: 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 6772 6170 reserve the grap\n+000248f0: 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7420 7573 hics mode set us\n+00024900: 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 ing ...gfxmode..\n+00024910: 992c 206f 7220 616e 790a 6f66 2074 6865 ., or any.of the\n+00024920: 2070 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2076 616c 7565 permitted value\n+00024930: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 s for ...gfxmode\n+00024940: e280 9920 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 ... to set a par\n+00024950: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 ticular graphics\n+00024960: 206d 6f64 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6678 mode.(*note gfx\n+00024970: 6d6f 6465 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2044 6570 mode::)... Dep\n+00024980: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206b ending on your k\n+00024990: 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 ernel, your dist\n+000249a0: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 2067 ribution, your g\n+000249b0: 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c20 616e raphics card, an\n+000249c0: 640a 7468 6520 7068 6173 6520 6f66 2074 d.the phase of t\n+000249d0: 6865 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 he moon, note th\n+000249e0: 6174 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 at using this op\n+000249f0: 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 2047 tion may cause G\n+00024a00: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a74 6f20 7375 6666 NU/Linux.to suff\n+00024a10: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 er from various \n+00024a20: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 display problems\n+00024a30: 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2064 , particularly d\n+00024a40: 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 6561 726c 790a uring the early.\n+00024a50: 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 part of the boot\n+00024a60: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 652e 2020 4966 2079 sequence. If y\n+00024a70: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 ou have problems\n+00024a80: 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 , set this varia\n+00024a90: 626c 6520 746f 0ae2 8098 7465 7874 e280 ble to....text..\n+00024aa0: 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 . and GRUB will \n+00024ab0: 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f tell Linux to bo\n+00024ac0: 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 ot in normal tex\n+00024ad0: 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 t mode... The \n+00024ae0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2070 6c61 7466 default is platf\n+00024af0: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 204f orm-specific. O\n+00024b00: 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7769 7468 n platforms with\n+00024b10: 2061 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a6d a native text.m\n+00024b20: 6f64 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 2050 4320 ode (such as PC \n+00024b30: 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 292c BIOS platforms),\n+00024b40: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 the default is \n+00024b50: e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 ...text.... Oth\n+00024b60: 6572 7769 7365 2074 6865 0a64 6566 6175 erwise the.defau\n+00024b70: 6c74 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 9861 7574 lt may be ...aut\n+00024b80: 6fe2 8099 206f 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 o... or a specif\n+00024b90: 6963 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a ic video mode...\n+00024ba0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 This variable\n+00024bb0: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 is often set by\n+00024bc0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c ...GRUB_GFXPAYL\n+00024bd0: 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2028 2a6e OAD_LINUX... (*n\n+00024be0: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 ote Simple.confi\n+00024bf0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a guration::).....\n+00024c00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00024c10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f Node: gfxterm_\n+00024c20: 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 font, Next: gru\n+00024c30: 625f 6370 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 b_cpu, Prev: gf\n+00024c40: 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2053 xpayload, Up: S\n+00024c50: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00024c60: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00024c70: 2e31 2e31 3420 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f .1.14 gfxterm_fo\n+00024c80: 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nt.-------------\n+00024c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+00024ca0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00024cb0: 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2066 6f6e , it names a fon\n+00024cc0: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6578 t to use for tex\n+00024cd0: 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6766 7874 t on the....gfxt\n+00024ce0: 6572 6de2 8099 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c erm... graphical\n+00024cf0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 terminal. Othe\n+00024d00: 7277 6973 652c 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 rwise, ...gfxter\n+00024d10: 6de2 8099 206d 6179 2075 7365 2061 6e79 m... may use any\n+00024d20: 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f6e 742e .available font.\n+00024d30: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00024d40: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 nfo, Node: grub\n+00024d50: 5f63 7075 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 _cpu, Next: gru\n+00024d60: 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2050 7265 b_platform, Pre\n+00024d70: 763a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c v: gfxterm_font,\n+00024d80: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00024d90: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00024da0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3135 2067 7275 les..15.1.15 gru\n+00024db0: 625f 6370 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d b_cpu.----------\n+00024dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 ------..In norma\n+00024dd0: 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f l mode (*note no\n+00024de0: 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 rmal::), GRUB se\n+00024df0: 7473 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f63 ts the ...grub_c\n+00024e00: 7075 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 pu... variable t\n+00024e10: 6f0a 7468 6520 4350 5520 7479 7065 2066 o.the CPU type f\n+00024e20: 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 or which GRUB wa\n+00024e30: 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 s built (e.g. .\n+00024e40: 8098 6933 3836 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 ..i386... or ...\n+00024e50: 706f 7765 7270 63e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a powerpc...).....\n+00024e60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00024e70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 Node: grub_pla\n+00024e80: 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6963 tform, Next: ic\n+00024e90: 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 ondir, Prev: gr\n+00024ea0: 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ub_cpu, Up: Spe\n+00024eb0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00024ec0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00024ed0: 2e31 3620 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 .16 grub_platfor\n+00024ee0: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n+00024ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d -------..In norm\n+00024f00: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e al mode (*note n\n+00024f10: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 ormal::), GRUB s\n+00024f20: 6574 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f ets the ...grub_\n+00024f30: 706c 6174 666f 726d e280 9920 7661 7269 platform... vari\n+00024f40: 6162 6c65 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 706c 6174 able.to the plat\n+00024f50: 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 form for which G\n+00024f60: 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 RUB was built (e\n+00024f70: 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 7063 e280 9920 6f72 .g. ...pc... or\n+00024f80: 20e2 8098 6566 69e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a ...efi...).....\n+00024f90: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00024fa0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c Node: icondir,\n+00024fb0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2050 Next: lang, P\n+00024fc0: 7265 763a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f rev: grub_platfo\n+00024fd0: 726d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c rm, Up: Special\n+00024fe0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00024ff0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3720 iables..15.1.17 \n+00025000: 6963 6f6e 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d icondir.--------\n+00025010: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+00025020: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00025030: 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2064 6972 , it names a dir\n+00025040: 6563 746f 7279 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 ectory in which \n+00025050: 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a67 7261 7068 6963 the GRUB.graphic\n+00025060: 616c 206d 656e 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206c al menu should l\n+00025070: 6f6f 6b20 666f 7220 6963 6f6e 7320 6166 ook for icons af\n+00025080: 7465 7220 6c6f 6f6b 696e 6720 696e 2074 ter looking in t\n+00025090: 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2773 0ae2 8098 6963 he theme's....ic\n+000250a0: 6f6e 73e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 ons... directory\n+000250b0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 6d65 2066 . *Note Theme f\n+000250c0: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f ile format::....\n+000250d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000250e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 616e 672c 2020 , Node: lang, \n+000250f0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 Next: locale_dir\n+00025100: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 , Prev: icondir\n+00025110: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00025120: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00025130: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3820 6c61 bles..15.1.18 la\n+00025140: 6e67 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ng.------------.\n+00025150: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n+00025160: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d e is set, it nam\n+00025170: 6573 2074 6865 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 es the language \n+00025180: 636f 6465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 code that the ..\n+00025190: 9867 6574 7465 7874 e280 990a 636f 6d6d .gettext....comm\n+000251a0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 and (*note gette\n+000251b0: 7874 3a3a 2920 7573 6573 2074 6f20 7472 xt::) uses to tr\n+000251c0: 616e 736c 6174 6520 7374 7269 6e67 732e anslate strings.\n+000251d0: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a46 For example,.F\n+000251e0: 7265 6e63 6820 776f 756c 6420 6265 206e rench would be n\n+000251f0: 616d 6564 2061 7320 e280 9866 72e2 8099 amed as ...fr...\n+00025200: 2c20 616e 6420 5369 6d70 6c69 6669 6564 , and Simplified\n+00025210: 2043 6869 6e65 7365 2061 7320 e280 987a Chinese as ...z\n+00025220: 685f 434e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 h_CN...... ...\n+00025230: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+00025240: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 (*note Simple c\n+00025250: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 onfiguration::) \n+00025260: 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 7365 7420 will try to set \n+00025270: 610a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2064 6566 a.reasonable def\n+00025280: 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 ault for this va\n+00025290: 7269 6162 6c65 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 riable based on \n+000252a0: 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 206c 6f63 616c the system local\n+000252b0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n+000252c0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f .info, Node: lo\n+000252d0: 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a cale_dir, Next:\n+000252e0: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 lockdown, Prev\n+000252f0: 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 : lang, Up: Spe\n+00025300: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025310: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025320: 2e31 3920 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 0a2d .19 locale_dir.-\n+00025330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025340: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+00025350: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e ble is set, it n\n+00025360: 616d 6573 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f ames the directo\n+00025370: 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 ry where transla\n+00025380: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 0a6d 6179 2062 tion files.may b\n+00025390: 6520 666f 756e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 e found (*note g\n+000253a0: 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 292c 2075 7375 616c ettext::), usual\n+000253b0: 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ly .../boot/grub\n+000253c0: 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 /locale.... Oth\n+000253d0: 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 696e 7465 726e 6174 erwise,.internat\n+000253e0: 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 ionalization is \n+000253f0: 6469 7361 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 disabled... ..\n+00025400: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n+00025410: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 . (*note Simple \n+00025420: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+00025430: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 6120 7265 6173 will set a reas\n+00025440: 6f6e 6162 6c65 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2066 onable.default f\n+00025450: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 or this variable\n+00025460: 2069 6620 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 if internationa\n+00025470: 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e65 6564 lization is need\n+00025480: 6564 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 0a74 7261 6e73 ed and any.trans\n+00025490: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 lation files are\n+000254a0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 available.....F\n+000254b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000254c0: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c Node: lockdown,\n+000254d0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c Next: menu_col\n+000254e0: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 or_highlight, P\n+000254f0: 7265 763a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c rev: locale_dir,\n+00025500: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00025510: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00025520: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3230 206c 6f63 les..15.1.20 loc\n+00025530: 6b64 6f77 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d kdown.----------\n+00025540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n+00025550: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 variable is set \n+00025560: 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d to ...y..., it m\n+00025570: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2068 eans that GRUB h\n+00025580: 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 202a 6e6f 7465 as entered *note\n+00025590: 0a4c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 6d6f 6465 .Lockdown:: mode\n+000255a0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000255b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e info, Node: men\n+000255c0: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 u_color_highligh\n+000255d0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 t, Next: menu_c\n+000255e0: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 olor_normal, Pr\n+000255f0: 6576 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2055 ev: lockdown, U\n+00025600: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00025610: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00025620: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 6e75 5f63 ..15.1.21 menu_c\n+00025630: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d olor_highlight.-\n 00025640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n-00025660: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 riable contains \n-00025670: 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 the foreground a\n-00025680: 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f nd background co\n-00025690: 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 640a lors to be used.\n-000256a0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 for the highligh\n-000256b0: 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 ted menu entry, \n-000256c0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 separated by a s\n-000256d0: 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 lash (.../...). \n-000256e0: 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 7661 Setting.this va\n-000256f0: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 riable changes t\n-00025700: 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f hose colors. Fo\n-00025710: 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 r the available \n-00025720: 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f color names,.*no\n-00025730: 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a te color_normal:\n-00025740: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 :... The defau\n-00025750: 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 lt is the value \n-00025760: 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 of ...color_high\n-00025770: 6c69 6768 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a light... (*note.\n-00025780: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 743a color_highlight:\n-00025790: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-000257a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d b.info, Node: m\n-000257b0: 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c enu_color_normal\n-000257c0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__boot_fi\n-000257e0: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f le, Prev: menu_\n-000257f0: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c color_highlight,\n-00025800: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00025810: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00025820: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3232 206d 656e les..15.1.22 men\n-00025830: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d u_color_normal.-\n-00025840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n-00025860: 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 ariable contains\n-00025870: 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 the foreground \n-00025880: 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 and background c\n-00025890: 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 olors to be used\n-000258a0: 0a66 6f72 206e 6f6e 2d68 6967 686c 6967 .for non-highlig\n-000258b0: 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 hted menu entrie\n-000258c0: 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 s, separated by \n-000258d0: 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 a slash (.../...\n-000258e0: 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 ). Setting.this\n-000258f0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 variable change\n-00025900: 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 s those colors. \n-00025910: 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 For the availab\n-00025920: 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a le color names,.\n-00025930: 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d *note color_norm\n-00025940: 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 al::... The de\n-00025950: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c fault is the val\n-00025960: 7565 206f 6620 e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f6e ue of ...color_n\n-00025970: 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ormal... (*note \n-00025980: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e color_normal::).\n-00025990: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000259a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-000259b0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f 6f74 _boot\n-000259c0: 5f66 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 _file, Next: ne\n-000259d0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n-000259e0: 6965 6e74 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d ientid, Prev: m\n-000259f0: 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c enu_color_normal\n-00025a00: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00025a10: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00025a20: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3320 6e65 bles..15.1.23 ne\n-00025a30: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n-00025a40: 6f74 5f66 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ot_file.--------\n+00025650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n+00025660: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 s variable conta\n+00025670: 696e 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 ins the foregrou\n+00025680: 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e nd and backgroun\n+00025690: 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 d colors to be u\n+000256a0: 7365 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6869 6768 sed.for the high\n+000256b0: 6c69 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 lighted menu ent\n+000256c0: 7279 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ry, separated by\n+000256d0: 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 a slash (.../..\n+000256e0: 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 .). Setting.thi\n+000256f0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 s variable chang\n+00025700: 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e es those colors.\n+00025710: 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 For the availa\n+00025720: 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c ble color names,\n+00025730: 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 .*note color_nor\n+00025740: 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 mal::... The d\n+00025750: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 efault is the va\n+00025760: 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f 725f lue of ...color_\n+00025770: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e highlight... (*n\n+00025780: 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 ote.color_highli\n+00025790: 6768 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ght::).....File:\n+000257a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000257b0: 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f e: menu_color_no\n+000257c0: 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 rmal, Next: net\n+000257d0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n+000257e0: 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d t_file, Prev: m\n+000257f0: 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 enu_color_highli\n+00025800: 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ght, Up: Specia\n+00025810: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00025820: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3232 riables..15.1.22\n+00025830: 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d menu_color_norm\n+00025840: 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al.-------------\n+00025850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00025860: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 is variable cont\n+00025870: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f ains the foregro\n+00025880: 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 und and backgrou\n+00025890: 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 nd colors to be \n+000258a0: 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 206e 6f6e 2d68 6967 used.for non-hig\n+000258b0: 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e hlighted menu en\n+000258c0: 7472 6965 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 tries, separated\n+000258d0: 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 by a slash (...\n+000258e0: 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a /...). Setting.\n+000258f0: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 this variable ch\n+00025900: 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f anges those colo\n+00025910: 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 rs. For the ava\n+00025920: 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d ilable color nam\n+00025930: 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f es,.*note color_\n+00025940: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 normal::... Th\n+00025950: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 e default is the\n+00025960: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 9863 6f6c value of ...col\n+00025970: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e or_normal... (*n\n+00025980: 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c ote color_normal\n+00025990: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+000259a0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000259b0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+000259c0: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 boot_file, Next\n+000259d0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__clientid, Pre\n+000259f0: 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f v: menu_color_no\n+00025a00: 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 rmal, Up: Speci\n+00025a10: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00025a20: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n+00025a30: 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3 net__boot_file.----\n 00025a50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025a60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n-00025a70: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-00025a80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00025a90: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__clientid,\n-00025ab0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__clientuu\n-00025ad0: 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c id, Prev: net_<\n-00025ae0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f 745f INTERFACE>_boot_\n-00025af0: 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 file, Up: Speci\n-00025b00: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025b10: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n-00025b20: 3420 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 4 net__clientid.-----\n+00025a60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+00025a70: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+00025a80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00025a90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n+00025aa0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n+00025ab0: 7469 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f tid, Next: net_\n+00025ac0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n+00025ad0: 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e ntuuid, Prev: n\n+00025ae0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n+00025af0: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 oot_file, Up: S\n+00025b00: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00025b10: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00025b20: 2e31 2e32 3420 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.24 net__clientid.-\n 00025b40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00025b60: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-00025b70: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00025b80: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__clientu\n-00025ba0: 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f uid, Next: net_\n-00025bb0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 6370 _dhcp\n-00025bc0: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 _server_name, P\n-00025bd0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 rev: net__clientid, \n-00025bf0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00025c00: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00025c10: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3235 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.25 net_<\n-00025c20: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n-00025c30: 7475 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tuuid.----------\n+00025b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00025b60: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00025b70: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00025b80: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+00025b90: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n+00025ba0: 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 entuuid, Next: \n+00025bb0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025bc0: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n+00025bd0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__clienti\n+00025bf0: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 d, Up: Special \n+00025c00: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00025c10: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3235 206e ables..15.1.25 n\n+00025c20: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n+00025c30: 6c69 656e 7475 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lientuuid.------\n 00025c40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00025c60: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00025c70: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00025c80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__dhcp_serve\n-00025ca0: 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e r_name, Next: n\n-00025cb0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n-00025cc0: 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 omain, Prev: ne\n-00025cd0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n-00025ce0: 6965 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ientuuid, Up: S\n-00025cf0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00025d00: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00025d10: 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.26 net__dhcp_serve\n-00025d30: 725f 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r_name.---------\n+00025c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n+00025c60: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+00025c70: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00025c80: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__dhcp_s\n+00025ca0: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 erver_name, Nex\n+00025cb0: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__domain, Prev\n+00025cd0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__clientuuid, U\n+00025cf0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00025d00: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00025d10: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.26 net__dhcp_s\n+00025d30: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d erver_name.-----\n 00025d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025d50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00025d60: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n-00025d70: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00025d80: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-00025d90: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n-00025da0: 6169 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ain, Next: net_\n-00025db0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 7465 _exte\n-00025dc0: 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 nsionspath, Pre\n-00025dd0: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__dhcp_server_n\n-00025df0: 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ame, Up: Specia\n-00025e00: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00025e10: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3237 riables..15.1.27\n-00025e20: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025e30: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _domain.--------\n+00025d50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025d60: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00025d70: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00025d80: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00025d90: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025da0: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 _domain, Next: \n+00025db0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025dc0: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 extensionspath, \n+00025dd0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__dhcp_serv\n+00025df0: 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 er_name, Up: Sp\n+00025e00: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00025e10: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00025e20: 312e 3237 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.27 net__domain.----\n 00025e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025e50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-00025e60: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-00025e70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00025e80: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__extensionspa\n-00025ea0: 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c th, Next: net_<\n-00025eb0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 746e INTERFACE>_hostn\n-00025ec0: 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ame, Prev: net_\n-00025ed0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f 6d61 _doma\n-00025ee0: 696e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c in, Up: Special\n-00025ef0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00025f00: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3820 iables..15.1.28 \n-00025f10: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025f20: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 0a2d extensionspath.-\n-00025f30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025e50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00025e60: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00025e70: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00025e80: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__extensio\n+00025ea0: 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e nspath, Next: n\n+00025eb0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n+00025ec0: 6f73 746e 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ostname, Prev: \n+00025ed0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025ee0: 646f 6d61 696e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 domain, Up: Spe\n+00025ef0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025f00: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025f10: 2e32 3820 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .28 net__extensionspa\n+00025f30: 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d th.-------------\n 00025f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-00025f60: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-00025f70: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00025f80: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__hostname, Ne\n-00025fa0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__ip, Prev: n\n-00025fc0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 et__e\n-00025fd0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 xtensionspath, \n-00025fe0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00025ff0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00026000: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3239 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.29 net_<\n-00026010: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 746e INTERFACE>_hostn\n-00026020: 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ame.------------\n+00025f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+00025f60: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00025f70: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00025f80: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__hostname,\n+00025fa0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__ip, Pre\n+00025fc0: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__extensionspat\n+00025fe0: 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 h, Up: Special \n+00025ff0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00026000: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3239 206e ables..15.1.29 n\n+00026010: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n+00026020: 6f73 746e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ostname.--------\n 00026030: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026040: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n-00026050: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n-00026060: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00026070: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__ip, Next: net\n-00026090: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 __mac\n-000260a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__hostnam\n-000260c0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n-000260d0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-000260e0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3330 206e ables..15.1.30 n\n-000260f0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 et__i\n-00026100: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n-00026110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00026120: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00026130: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00026140: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__mac, \n-00026160: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__next_serve\n-00026180: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 r, Prev: net__ip, U\n-000261a0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-000261b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-000261c0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3120 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.31 net__mac.--\n-000261e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000261f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n-00026200: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-00026210: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00026220: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__next_serv\n-00026240: 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c er, Next: net_<\n-00026250: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f 7470 INTERFACE>_rootp\n-00026260: 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ath, Prev: net_\n-00026270: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 632c _mac,\n-00026280: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00026290: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-000262a0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3332 206e 6574 les..15.1.32 net\n-000262b0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 __nex\n-000262c0: 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_server.-------\n+00026040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+00026050: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+00026060: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00026070: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__ip, Next:\n+00026090: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+000260a0: 5f6d 6163 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 _mac, Prev: net\n+000260b0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n+000260c0: 746e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 tname, Up: Spec\n+000260d0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+000260e0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+000260f0: 3330 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 30 net__ip.----------\n+00026110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026120: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00026130: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00026140: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+00026150: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 t__ma\n+00026160: 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 c, Next: net__next_s\n+00026180: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 erver, Prev: ne\n+00026190: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 t__ip\n+000261a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000261b0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000261c0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3120 6e65 bles..15.1.31 ne\n+000261d0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 t__ma\n+000261e0: 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d c.--------------\n+000261f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+00026200: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+00026210: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00026220: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n+00026230: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 745f INTERFACE>_next_\n+00026240: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e server, Next: n\n+00026250: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n+00026260: 6f6f 7470 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ootpath, Prev: \n+00026270: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00026280: 6d61 632c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 mac, Up: Specia\n+00026290: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+000262a0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3332 riables..15.1.32\n+000262b0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+000262c0: 5f6e 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d _next_server.---\n 000262d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000262e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-000262f0: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00026300: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00026310: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__rootpa\n-00026330: 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 th, Next: net_d\n-00026340: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 efault_interface\n-00026350: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__next_se\n-00026370: 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 rver, Up: Speci\n-00026380: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00026390: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n-000263a0: 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3 net__rootpath.-----\n+000262e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000262f0: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00026300: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00026310: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+00026320: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f t__ro\n+00026330: 6f74 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e otpath, Next: n\n+00026340: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 et_default_inter\n+00026350: 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 face, Prev: net\n+00026360: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 __nex\n+00026370: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 t_server, Up: S\n+00026380: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00026390: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+000263a0: 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.33 net__rootpath.-\n 000263c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000263d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-000263e0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-000263f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00026400: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Node: net_def\n-00026410: 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 ault_interface, \n-00026420: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Next: net_defau\n-00026430: 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 lt_ip, Prev: ne\n-00026440: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f t__ro\n-00026450: 6f74 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 otpath, Up: Spe\n-00026460: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00026470: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00026480: 2e33 3420 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f .34 net_default_\n-00026490: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d interface.------\n+000263d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000263e0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+000263f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00026400: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+00026410: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 _default_interfa\n+00026420: 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 ce, Next: net_d\n+00026430: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5072 6576 efault_ip, Prev\n+00026440: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__rootpath, Up:\n+00026460: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00026470: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00026480: 3135 2e31 2e33 3420 6e65 745f 6465 6661 15.1.34 net_defa\n+00026490: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2d2d ult_interface.--\n 000264a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000264b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-000264c0: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-000264d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000264e0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ode: net_default\n-000264f0: 5f69 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f _ip, Next: net_\n-00026500: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5072 default_mac, Pr\n-00026510: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ev: net_default_\n-00026520: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 interface, Up: \n-00026530: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00026540: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00026550: 352e 312e 3335 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 5.1.35 net_defau\n-00026560: 6c74 5f69 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lt_ip.----------\n-00026570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00026580: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00026590: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000265a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 o, Node: net_de\n-000265b0: 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 4e65 7874 fault_mac, Next\n-000265c0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 : net_default_se\n-000265d0: 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 rver, Prev: net\n-000265e0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5570 _default_ip, Up\n-000265f0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00026600: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00026610: 0a31 352e 312e 3336 206e 6574 5f64 6566 .15.1.36 net_def\n-00026620: 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ault_mac.-------\n+000264b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n+000264c0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+000264d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000264e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Node: net_def\n+000264f0: 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ault_ip, Next: \n+00026500: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c net_default_mac,\n+00026510: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Prev: net_defa\n+00026520: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 ult_interface, \n+00026530: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00026540: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00026550: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3335 206e 6574 5f64 s..15.1.35 net_d\n+00026560: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d efault_ip.------\n+00026570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026580: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00026590: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+000265a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+000265b0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 t_default_mac, \n+000265c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Next: net_defaul\n+000265d0: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a t_server, Prev:\n+000265e0: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c net_default_ip,\n+000265f0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00026600: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00026610: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3336 206e 6574 les..15.1.36 net\n+00026620: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 0a2d 2d2d _default_mac.---\n 00026630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026640: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n-00026650: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00026660: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-00026670: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n-00026680: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 , Next: pager, \n-00026690: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Prev: net_defau\n-000266a0: 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 lt_mac, Up: Spe\n-000266b0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-000266c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-000266d0: 2e33 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f .37 net_default_\n-000266e0: 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d server.---------\n+00026640: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00026650: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00026660: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026670: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 : net_default_se\n+00026680: 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6167 rver, Next: pag\n+00026690: 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 er, Prev: net_d\n+000266a0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2055 703a efault_mac, Up:\n+000266b0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+000266c0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+000266d0: 3135 2e31 2e33 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6661 15.1.37 net_defa\n+000266e0: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ult_server.-----\n 000266f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026700: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00026710: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00026720: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n-00026730: 6167 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7265 ager, Next: pre\n-00026740: 6669 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f fix, Prev: net_\n-00026750: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 default_server, \n-00026760: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00026770: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00026780: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3820 7061 6765 es..15.1.38 page\n-00026790: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a r.-------------.\n-000267a0: 0a49 6620 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 .If set to ...1.\n-000267b0: 8099 2c20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 .., pause output\n-000267c0: 2061 6674 6572 2065 6163 6820 7363 7265 after each scre\n-000267d0: 656e 6675 6c20 616e 6420 7761 6974 2066 enful and wait f\n-000267e0: 6f72 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a 696e 7075 or keyboard.inpu\n-000267f0: 742e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 t. The default \n-00026800: 6973 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 7061 7573 6520 is not to pause \n-00026810: 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a output.....File:\n-00026820: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00026830: 653a 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 4e65 7874 e: prefix, Next\n-00026840: 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 : pxe_blksize, \n-00026850: 5072 6576 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 5570 Prev: pager, Up\n-00026860: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00026870: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00026880: 0a31 352e 312e 3339 2070 7265 6669 780a .15.1.39 prefix.\n-00026890: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-000268a0: 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 The location of \n-000268b0: 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 the .../boot/gru\n-000268c0: 62e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 b... directory a\n-000268d0: 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 s an absolute fi\n-000268e0: 6c65 206e 616d 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 le name.(*note F\n-000268f0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a ile name syntax:\n-00026900: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f72 :). This is nor\n-00026910: 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 mally set by GRU\n-00026920: 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 0a62 6173 B at startup.bas\n-00026930: 6564 206f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ed on informatio\n-00026940: 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 e280 n provided by ..\n-00026950: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n-00026960: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 . GRUB modules \n-00026970: 6172 650a 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 are.dynamically \n-00026980: 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 loaded from this\n-00026990: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 736f 2069 directory, so i\n-000269a0: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 7420 636f t must be set co\n-000269b0: 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e 0a6f 7264 6572 rrectly in.order\n-000269c0: 2066 6f72 206d 616e 7920 7061 7274 7320 for many parts \n-000269d0: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 6f72 6b2e of GRUB to work.\n-000269e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000269f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f nfo, Node: pxe_\n-00026a00: 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 blksize, Next: \n-00026a10: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 pxe_default_gate\n-00026a20: 7761 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 6566 way, Prev: pref\n-00026a30: 6978 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ix, Up: Special\n-00026a40: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00026a50: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3020 iables..15.1.40 \n-00026a60: 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 650a 2d2d 2d2d pxe_blksize.----\n-00026a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00026a80: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n-00026a90: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00026aa0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 info, Node: pxe\n-00026ab0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 _default_gateway\n-00026ac0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 , Next: pxe_def\n-00026ad0: 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 ault_server, Pr\n-00026ae0: 6576 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c ev: pxe_blksize,\n-00026af0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00026b00: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00026b10: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3431 2070 7865 les..15.1.41 pxe\n-00026b20: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 _default_gateway\n-00026b30: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00026b40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00026b50: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00026b60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00026b70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 6465 o, Node: pxe_de\n-00026b80: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e fault_server, N\n-00026b90: 6578 743a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 ext: root, Prev\n-00026ba0: 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 : pxe_default_ga\n-00026bb0: 7465 7761 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 teway, Up: Spec\n-00026bc0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00026bd0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00026be0: 3432 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 42 pxe_default_s\n-00026bf0: 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erver.----------\n+00026700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+00026710: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+00026720: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00026730: 653a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: pager, Next:\n+00026740: 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 prefix, Prev: \n+00026750: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n+00026760: 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c er, Up: Special\n+00026770: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00026780: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3820 iables..15.1.38 \n+00026790: 7061 6765 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d pager.----------\n+000267a0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7365 7420 746f 20e2 ---..If set to .\n+000267b0: 8098 31e2 8099 2c20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 ..1..., pause ou\n+000267c0: 7470 7574 2061 6674 6572 2065 6163 6820 tput after each \n+000267d0: 7363 7265 656e 6675 6c20 616e 6420 7761 screenful and wa\n+000267e0: 6974 2066 6f72 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a it for keyboard.\n+000267f0: 696e 7075 742e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 input. The defa\n+00026800: 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 7061 ult is not to pa\n+00026810: 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 use output.....F\n+00026820: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00026830: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 Node: prefix, \n+00026840: 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a Next: pxe_blksiz\n+00026850: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 6765 722c e, Prev: pager,\n+00026860: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00026870: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00026880: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3339 2070 7265 les..15.1.39 pre\n+00026890: 6669 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fix.------------\n+000268a0: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e --..The location\n+000268b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 of the .../boot\n+000268c0: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f /grub... directo\n+000268d0: 7279 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 ry as an absolut\n+000268e0: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 282a 6e6f e file name.(*no\n+000268f0: 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e te File name syn\n+00026900: 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 tax::). This is\n+00026910: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 normally set by\n+00026920: 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 GRUB at startup\n+00026930: 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 696e 666f 726d .based on inform\n+00026940: 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 ation provided b\n+00026950: 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c y ...grub-instal\n+00026960: 6ce2 8099 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 l.... GRUB modu\n+00026970: 6c65 7320 6172 650a 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 les are.dynamica\n+00026980: 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 lly loaded from \n+00026990: 7468 6973 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 this directory, \n+000269a0: 736f 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 so it must be se\n+000269b0: 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e 0a6f t correctly in.o\n+000269c0: 7264 6572 2066 6f72 206d 616e 7920 7061 rder for many pa\n+000269d0: 7274 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 rts of GRUB to w\n+000269e0: 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ork.....File: gr\n+000269f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00026a00: 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 4e65 pxe_blksize, Ne\n+00026a10: 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f xt: pxe_default_\n+00026a20: 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 gateway, Prev: \n+00026a30: 7072 6566 6978 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 prefix, Up: Spe\n+00026a40: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00026a50: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00026a60: 2e34 3020 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 650a .40 pxe_blksize.\n+00026a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026a80: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00026a90: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00026aa0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00026ab0: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 pxe_default_gat\n+00026ac0: 6577 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 eway, Next: pxe\n+00026ad0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n+00026ae0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 Prev: pxe_blks\n+00026af0: 697a 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ize, Up: Specia\n+00026b00: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026b10: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3431 riables..15.1.41\n+00026b20: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 pxe_default_gat\n+00026b30: 6577 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eway.-----------\n+00026b40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026b50: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00026b60: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00026b70: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 .info, Node: px\n+00026b80: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e_default_server\n+00026b90: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 , Next: root, \n+00026ba0: 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c Prev: pxe_defaul\n+00026bb0: 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5570 3a20 t_gateway, Up: \n+00026bc0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026bd0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026be0: 352e 312e 3432 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 5.1.42 pxe_defau\n+00026bf0: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lt_server.------\n 00026c00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026c10: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n-00026c20: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00026c30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726f .info, Node: ro\n-00026c40: 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6869 6d5f ot, Next: shim_\n-00026c50: 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 lock, Prev: pxe\n-00026c60: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n-00026c70: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00026c80: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00026c90: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3433 2072 6f6f les..15.1.43 roo\n-00026ca0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a t.------------..\n-00026cb0: 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 The root device \n-00026cc0: 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 name (*note Devi\n-00026cd0: 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2041 ce syntax::). A\n-00026ce0: 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 ny file names th\n-00026cf0: 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 at do.not specif\n-00026d00: 7920 616e 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 6465 y an explicit de\n-00026d10: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6172 6520 7265 vice name are re\n-00026d20: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6576 ad from this dev\n-00026d30: 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 6465 6661 756c ice. The.defaul\n-00026d40: 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 t is normally se\n-00026d50: 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 t by GRUB at sta\n-00026d60: 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 rtup based on th\n-00026d70: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0ae2 8098 7072 e value of....pr\n-00026d80: 6566 6978 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 efix... (*note p\n-00026d90: 7265 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f refix::)... Fo\n-00026da0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 4752 r example, if GR\n-00026db0: 5542 2077 6173 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 UB was installed\n-00026dc0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 to the first pa\n-00026dd0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a66 rtition of the.f\n-00026de0: 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 irst hard disk, \n-00026df0: 7468 656e 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 then ...prefix..\n-00026e00: 9920 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 . might be set t\n-00026e10: 6f20 e280 9828 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 o ...(hd0,msdos1\n-00026e20: 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 0a61 )/boot/grub....a\n-00026e30: 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 746f nd ...root... to\n-00026e40: 20e2 8098 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 e280 ...hd0,msdos1..\n-00026e50: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n-00026e60: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 .info, Node: sh\n-00026e70: 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 im_lock, Next: \n-00026e80: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2050 7265 superusers, Pre\n-00026e90: 763a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 v: root, Up: Sp\n-00026ea0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026eb0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026ec0: 312e 3434 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a2d 1.44 shim_lock.-\n-00026ed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026ee0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n-00026ef0: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 le is set to ...\n-00026f00: 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 y..., it means t\n-00026f10: 6861 7420 7468 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 hat the shim_loc\n-00026f20: 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 730a 7265 k verifier is.re\n-00026f30: 6769 7374 6572 6564 2028 7365 6520 2a6e gistered (see *n\n-00026f40: 6f74 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 ote UEFI secure \n-00026f50: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a 3a29 boot and shim::)\n-00026f60: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00026f70: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 7570 info, Node: sup\n-00026f80: 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 erusers, Next: \n-00026f90: 7468 656d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 theme, Prev: sh\n-00026fa0: 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 im_lock, Up: Sp\n-00026fb0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026fc0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026fd0: 312e 3435 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 1.45 superusers.\n-00026fe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026ff0: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n-00027000: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e may be set to \n-00027010: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7375 7065 7275 a list of superu\n-00027020: 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 7320 746f 2065 6e61 ser names to ena\n-00027030: 626c 650a 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ble.authenticati\n-00027040: 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e20 202a 4e6f on support. *No\n-00027050: 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a te Security::...\n-00027060: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00027070: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 656d 652c o, Node: theme,\n-00027080: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c Next: timeout,\n-00027090: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 Prev: superuse\n-000270a0: 7273 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c rs, Up: Special\n-000270b0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-000270c0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3620 iables..15.1.46 \n-000270d0: 7468 656d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d theme.----------\n-000270e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n-000270f0: 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f le may be set to\n-00027100: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e a directory con\n-00027110: 7461 696e 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2067 taining a GRUB g\n-00027120: 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a 7468 raphical menu.th\n-00027130: 656d 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d eme. *Note Them\n-00027140: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e e file format::.\n-00027150: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 .. This variab\n-00027160: 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 le is often set \n-00027170: 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 by ...GRUB_THEME\n-00027180: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c ... (*note Simpl\n-00027190: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e.configuration:\n-000271a0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-000271b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 b.info, Node: t\n-000271c0: 696d 656f 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 imeout, Next: t\n-000271d0: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2050 imeout_style, P\n-000271e0: 7265 763a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2055 703a rev: theme, Up:\n-000271f0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00027200: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00027210: 3135 2e31 2e34 3720 7469 6d65 6f75 740a 15.1.47 timeout.\n-00027220: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00027230: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00027240: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 7065 e is set, it spe\n-00027250: 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 cifies the time \n-00027260: 696e 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7761 in seconds to wa\n-00027270: 6974 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 it for.keyboard \n-00027280: 696e 7075 7420 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f input before boo\n-00027290: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ting the default\n-000272a0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4120 menu entry. A \n-000272b0: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 30e2 timeout of ...0.\n-000272c0: 8099 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 ...means to boot\n-000272d0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 the default ent\n-000272e0: 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2077 ry immediately w\n-000272f0: 6974 686f 7574 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e ithout displayin\n-00027300: 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3b0a 6120 7469 g the menu;.a ti\n-00027310: 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 meout of ...-1..\n-00027320: 9920 286f 7220 756e 7365 7429 206d 6561 . (or unset) mea\n-00027330: 6e73 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 ns to wait indef\n-00027340: 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 initely... If \n-00027350: e280 9874 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 ...timeout_style\n-00027360: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f ... (*note timeo\n-00027370: 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 2920 6973 2073 ut_style::) is s\n-00027380: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9863 6f75 6e74 646f et to ...countdo\n-00027390: 776e e280 9920 6f72 0ae2 8098 6869 6464 wn... or....hidd\n-000273a0: 656e e280 992c 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f en..., the timeo\n-000273b0: 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f ut is instead co\n-000273c0: 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 unted before the\n-000273d0: 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 menu is display\n-000273e0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 ed... This var\n-000273f0: 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 iable is often s\n-00027400: 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 et by ...GRUB_TI\n-00027410: 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 MEOUT... (*note \n-00027420: 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple.configura\n-00027430: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 tion::).....File\n-00027440: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00027450: 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c de: timeout_styl\n-00027460: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 e, Next: tpm_fa\n-00027470: 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a il_fatal, Prev:\n-00027480: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2053 timeout, Up: S\n-00027490: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-000274a0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-000274b0: 2e31 2e34 3820 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 .1.48 timeout_st\n-000274c0: 796c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d yle.------------\n-000274d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 ---------..This \n-000274e0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 variable may be \n-000274f0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 set to ...menu..\n-00027500: 992c 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 ., ...countdown.\n-00027510: 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e .., or ...hidden\n-00027520: e280 9920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a74 ... to control.t\n-00027530: 6865 2077 6179 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 he way in which \n-00027540: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f the timeout (*no\n-00027550: 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 2920 696e te timeout::) in\n-00027560: 7465 7261 6374 7320 7769 7468 2064 6973 teracts with dis\n-00027570: 706c 6179 696e 670a 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 playing.the menu\n-00027580: 2e20 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d . See the docum\n-00027590: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9847 entation of ...G\n-000275a0: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n-000275b0: 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 E... (*note Simp\n-000275c0: 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le.configuration\n-000275d0: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e ::) for details.\n-000275e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000275f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7470 6d5f nfo, Node: tpm_\n-00027600: 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 fail_fatal, Pre\n-00027610: 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 v: timeout_style\n-00027620: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00027630: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00027640: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3920 7470 bles..15.1.49 tp\n-00027650: 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 0a2d 2d2d m_fail_fatal.---\n-00027660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00027670: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n-00027680: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 iable is set and\n-00027690: 2074 7275 6520 2869 2e65 2e2c 206e 6f74 true (i.e., not\n-000276a0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2230 222c 2022 6661 set to \"0\", \"fa\n-000276b0: 6c73 6522 2c0a 2264 6973 6162 6c65 222c lse\",.\"disable\",\n-000276c0: 206f 7220 226e 6f22 292c 2054 504d 206d or \"no\"), TPM m\n-000276d0: 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 7468 6174 easurements that\n-000276e0: 2066 6169 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 fail will be tr\n-000276f0: 6561 7465 6420 6173 0a66 6174 616c 2e20 eated as.fatal. \n-00027700: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6579 Otherwise, they\n-00027710: 2077 696c 6c20 6d65 7265 6c79 2062 6520 will merely be \n-00027720: 6465 6275 672d 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 debug-logged and\n-00027730: 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 6c6c 0a63 6f6e 7469 boot will.conti\n-00027740: 6e75 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 616c 6c20 746f nue... Call to\n-00027750: 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 206c EFI firmware, l\n-00027760: 696b 6520 6861 7368 5f6c 6f67 5f65 7874 ike hash_log_ext\n-00027770: 656e 645f 6576 656e 7428 292c 2063 616e end_event(), can\n-00027780: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 616e 0a75 6e6b 6e6f return an.unkno\n-00027790: 776e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 692e 652e 2020 wn error, i.e. \n-000277a0: 6475 6520 746f 2062 7567 2070 7265 7365 due to bug prese\n-000277b0: 6e74 2069 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 nt in firmware. \n-000277c0: 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 When this varia\n-000277d0: 626c 650a 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 ble.is set and t\n-000277e0: 7275 6520 2873 616d 6520 7661 6c75 6573 rue (same values\n-000277f0: 2061 7320 7769 7468 2054 504d 206d 6561 as with TPM mea\n-00027800: 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7329 2074 6869 7320 surements) this \n-00027810: 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e0a 7769 6c6c 2062 situation.will b\n-00027820: 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 6f20 e considered to \n-00027830: 6265 2066 6174 616c 2061 6e64 2065 7272 be fatal and err\n-00027840: 6f72 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 6173 2022 756e or-logged as \"un\n-00027850: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 5450 4d20 6572 726f 7222 known TPM error\"\n-00027860: 2e0a 4966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2c20 626f ..If not set, bo\n-00027870: 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 4f53 2077 696c oting the OS wil\n-00027880: 6c20 6265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e0a 0a1f l be enabled....\n-00027890: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000278a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e , Node: Environ\n-000278b0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 ment block, Pre\n-000278c0: 763a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 v: Special envir\n-000278d0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-000278e0: 2c20 2055 703a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 , Up: Environme\n-000278f0: 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e32 2054 6865 2047 5255 nt..15.2 The GRU\n-00027900: 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c B environment bl\n-00027910: 6f63 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ock.============\n+00026c10: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00026c20: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00026c30: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026c40: 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 : root, Next: s\n+00026c50: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a him_lock, Prev:\n+00026c60: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 pxe_default_ser\n+00026c70: 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ver, Up: Specia\n+00026c80: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026c90: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3433 riables..15.1.43\n+00026ca0: 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d root.----------\n+00026cb0: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 --..The root dev\n+00026cc0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ice name (*note \n+00026cd0: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 Device syntax::)\n+00026ce0: 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 . Any file name\n+00026cf0: 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 7370 s that do.not sp\n+00026d00: 6563 6966 7920 616e 2065 7870 6c69 6369 ecify an explici\n+00026d10: 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6172 t device name ar\n+00026d20: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 e read from this\n+00026d30: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 6465 device. The.de\n+00026d40: 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c fault is normall\n+00026d50: 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 y set by GRUB at\n+00026d60: 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 206f startup based o\n+00026d70: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0ae2 n the value of..\n+00026d80: 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ..prefix... (*no\n+00026d90: 7465 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 te prefix::)... \n+00026da0: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 For example, i\n+00026db0: 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2069 6e73 7461 f GRUB was insta\n+00026dc0: 6c6c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 lled to the firs\n+00026dd0: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 t partition of t\n+00026de0: 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 he.first hard di\n+00026df0: 736b 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 7072 6566 sk, then ...pref\n+00026e00: 6978 e280 9920 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 ix... might be s\n+00026e10: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9828 6864 302c 6d73 et to ...(hd0,ms\n+00026e20: 646f 7331 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 dos1)/boot/grub.\n+00026e30: 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 ...and ...root..\n+00026e40: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6864 302c 6d73 646f . to ...hd0,msdo\n+00026e50: 7331 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 s1........File: \n+00026e60: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026e70: 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 4e65 : shim_lock, Ne\n+00026e80: 7874 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 xt: superusers, \n+00026e90: 2050 7265 763a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 Prev: root, Up\n+00026ea0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00026eb0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00026ec0: 0a31 352e 312e 3434 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f .15.1.44 shim_lo\n+00026ed0: 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ck.-------------\n+00026ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n+00026ef0: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f riable is set to\n+00026f00: 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 ...y..., it mea\n+00026f10: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7368 696d ns that the shim\n+00026f20: 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 _lock verifier i\n+00026f30: 730a 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2028 7365 s.registered (se\n+00026f40: 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 e *note UEFI sec\n+00026f50: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 ure boot and shi\n+00026f60: 6d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 m::).....File: g\n+00026f70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00026f80: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 4e65 superusers, Ne\n+00026f90: 7874 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 5072 6576 xt: theme, Prev\n+00026fa0: 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 : shim_lock, Up\n+00026fb0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00026fc0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00026fd0: 0a31 352e 312e 3435 2073 7570 6572 7573 .15.1.45 superus\n+00026fe0: 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ers.------------\n+00026ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n+00027000: 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 iable may be set\n+00027010: 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7375 to a list of su\n+00027020: 7065 7275 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 7320 746f peruser names to\n+00027030: 2065 6e61 626c 650a 6175 7468 656e 7469 enable.authenti\n+00027040: 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e20 cation support. \n+00027050: 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a *Note Security:\n+00027060: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00027070: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 .info, Node: th\n+00027080: 656d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 eme, Next: time\n+00027090: 6f75 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7375 7065 out, Prev: supe\n+000270a0: 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 rusers, Up: Spe\n+000270b0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000270c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+000270d0: 2e34 3620 7468 656d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .46 theme.------\n+000270e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+000270f0: 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 riable may be se\n+00027100: 7420 746f 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 t to a directory\n+00027110: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6120 4752 containing a GR\n+00027120: 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e UB graphical men\n+00027130: 750a 7468 656d 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 u.theme. *Note \n+00027140: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n+00027150: 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 t::... This va\n+00027160: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 riable is often \n+00027170: 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 set by ...GRUB_T\n+00027180: 4845 4d45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 HEME... (*note S\n+00027190: 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple.configurat\n+000271a0: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ion::).....File:\n+000271b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000271c0: 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 204e 6578 e: timeout, Nex\n+000271d0: 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 t: timeout_style\n+000271e0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 , Prev: theme, \n+000271f0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00027200: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00027210: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3720 7469 6d65 es..15.1.47 time\n+00027220: 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d out.------------\n+00027230: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n+00027240: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n+00027250: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 specifies the t\n+00027260: 696d 6520 696e 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2074 ime in seconds t\n+00027270: 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 626f o wait for.keybo\n+00027280: 6172 6420 696e 7075 7420 6265 666f 7265 ard input before\n+00027290: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 booting the def\n+000272a0: 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e ault menu entry.\n+000272b0: 2020 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 A timeout of .\n+000272c0: 8098 30e2 8099 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 ..0....means to \n+000272d0: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 boot the default\n+000272e0: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 entry immediate\n+000272f0: 6c79 2077 6974 686f 7574 2064 6973 706c ly without displ\n+00027300: 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3b0a aying the menu;.\n+00027310: 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 a timeout of ...\n+00027320: 2d31 e280 9920 286f 7220 756e 7365 7429 -1... (or unset)\n+00027330: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2069 means to wait i\n+00027340: 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 ndefinitely... \n+00027350: 2049 6620 e280 9874 696d 656f 7574 5f73 If ...timeout_s\n+00027360: 7479 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 tyle... (*note t\n+00027370: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 2920 imeout_style::) \n+00027380: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9863 6f75 is set to ...cou\n+00027390: 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0ae2 8098 ntdown... or....\n+000273a0: 6869 6464 656e e280 992c 2074 6865 2074 hidden..., the t\n+000273b0: 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 imeout is instea\n+000273c0: 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 d counted before\n+000273d0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 the menu is dis\n+000273e0: 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 played... This\n+000273f0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 variable is oft\n+00027400: 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 en set by ...GRU\n+00027410: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e B_TIMEOUT... (*n\n+00027420: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 ote Simple.confi\n+00027430: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a guration::).....\n+00027440: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00027450: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f Node: timeout_\n+00027460: 7374 796c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7470 style, Next: tp\n+00027470: 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 m_fail_fatal, P\n+00027480: 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 2055 rev: timeout, U\n+00027490: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000274a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000274b0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3820 7469 6d65 6f75 ..15.1.48 timeou\n+000274c0: 745f 7374 796c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_style.--------\n+000274d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n+000274e0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 his variable may\n+000274f0: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 be set to ...me\n+00027500: 6e75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 nu..., ...countd\n+00027510: 6f77 6ee2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6869 own..., or ...hi\n+00027520: 6464 656e e280 9920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 dden... to contr\n+00027530: 6f6c 0a74 6865 2077 6179 2069 6e20 7768 ol.the way in wh\n+00027540: 6963 6820 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 ich the timeout \n+00027550: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a (*note timeout::\n+00027560: 2920 696e 7465 7261 6374 7320 7769 7468 ) interacts with\n+00027570: 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 670a 7468 6520 displaying.the \n+00027580: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 menu. See the d\n+00027590: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 ocumentation of \n+000275a0: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ...GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+000275b0: 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 STYLE... (*note \n+000275c0: 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple.configura\n+000275d0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6465 7461 tion::) for deta\n+000275e0: 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ils.....File: gr\n+000275f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00027600: 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 tpm_fail_fatal, \n+00027610: 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 Prev: timeout_s\n+00027620: 7479 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 tyle, Up: Speci\n+00027630: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00027640: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n+00027650: 3920 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 9 tpm_fail_fatal\n+00027660: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00027670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+00027680: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00027690: 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2869 2e65 2e2c and true (i.e.,\n+000276a0: 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2230 222c not set to \"0\",\n+000276b0: 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2c0a 2264 6973 6162 \"false\",.\"disab\n+000276c0: 6c65 222c 206f 7220 226e 6f22 292c 2054 le\", or \"no\"), T\n+000276d0: 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 PM measurements \n+000276e0: 7468 6174 2066 6169 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 that fail will b\n+000276f0: 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 0a66 6174 e treated as.fat\n+00027700: 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 al. Otherwise, \n+00027710: 7468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6d65 7265 6c79 they will merely\n+00027720: 2062 6520 6465 6275 672d 6c6f 6767 6564 be debug-logged\n+00027730: 2061 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 6c6c 0a63 and boot will.c\n+00027740: 6f6e 7469 6e75 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 616c ontinue... Cal\n+00027750: 6c20 746f 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 l to EFI firmwar\n+00027760: 652c 206c 696b 6520 6861 7368 5f6c 6f67 e, like hash_log\n+00027770: 5f65 7874 656e 645f 6576 656e 7428 292c _extend_event(),\n+00027780: 2063 616e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 616e 0a75 can return an.u\n+00027790: 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 692e nknown error, i.\n+000277a0: 652e 2020 6475 6520 746f 2062 7567 2070 e. due to bug p\n+000277b0: 7265 7365 6e74 2069 6e20 6669 726d 7761 resent in firmwa\n+000277c0: 7265 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6973 2076 re. When this v\n+000277d0: 6172 6961 626c 650a 6973 2073 6574 2061 ariable.is set a\n+000277e0: 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2873 616d 6520 7661 nd true (same va\n+000277f0: 6c75 6573 2061 7320 7769 7468 2054 504d lues as with TPM\n+00027800: 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7329 2074 measurements) t\n+00027810: 6869 7320 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e0a 7769 his situation.wi\n+00027820: 6c6c 2062 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 ll be considered\n+00027830: 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6174 616c 2061 6e64 to be fatal and\n+00027840: 2065 7272 6f72 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 6173 error-logged as\n+00027850: 2022 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 5450 4d20 6572 \"unknown TPM er\n+00027860: 726f 7222 2e0a 4966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 ror\"..If not set\n+00027870: 2c20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 4f53 , booting the OS\n+00027880: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 will be enabled\n+00027890: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000278a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 info, Node: Env\n+000278b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 ironment block, \n+000278c0: 2050 7265 763a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 Prev: Special e\n+000278d0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000278e0: 626c 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2045 6e76 6972 bles, Up: Envir\n+000278f0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e32 2054 6865 onment..15.2 The\n+00027900: 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e GRUB environmen\n+00027910: 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d t block.========\n 00027920: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00027930: 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e ===..It is often\n-00027940: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2062 6520 6162 useful to be ab\n-00027950: 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2061 le to remember a\n-00027960: 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 small amount of\n-00027970: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a66 726f information.fro\n-00027980: 6d20 6f6e 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f20 7468 m one boot to th\n-00027990: 6520 6e65 7874 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 e next. For exa\n-000279a0: 6d70 6c65 2c20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 mple, you might \n-000279b0: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 650a want to set the.\n-000279c0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 default menu ent\n-000279d0: 7279 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7768 6174 ry based on what\n-000279e0: 2077 6173 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7468 was selected th\n-000279f0: 6520 6c61 7374 2074 696d 652e 2020 4752 e last time. GR\n-00027a00: 5542 0a64 656c 6962 6572 6174 656c 7920 UB.deliberately \n-00027a10: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 does not impleme\n-00027a20: 6e74 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2077 nt support for w\n-00027a30: 7269 7469 6e67 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 riting files in \n-00027a40: 6f72 6465 7220 746f 0a6d 696e 696d 6973 order to.minimis\n-00027a50: 6520 7468 6520 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 e the possibilit\n-00027a60: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f y of the boot lo\n-00027a70: 6164 6572 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6573 706f ader being respo\n-00027a80: 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2066 696c 650a nsible for file.\n-00027a90: 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f system corruptio\n-00027aa0: 6e2c 2073 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e n, so a GRUB con\n-00027ab0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00027ac0: 6361 6e6e 6f74 206a 7573 7420 6372 6561 cannot just crea\n-00027ad0: 7465 2061 0a66 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 te a.file in the\n-00027ae0: 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 7761 792e 2020 ordinary way. \n-00027af0: 486f 7765 7665 722c 2047 5255 4220 7072 However, GRUB pr\n-00027b00: 6f76 6964 6573 2061 6e20 2265 6e76 6972 ovides an \"envir\n-00027b10: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 220a 7768 onment block\".wh\n-00027b20: 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ich can be used \n-00027b30: 746f 2073 6176 6520 6120 736d 616c 6c20 to save a small \n-00027b40: 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7374 6174 652e amount of state.\n-00027b50: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e .. The environ\n-00027b60: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 7320 6120 ment block is a \n-00027b70: 7072 6561 6c6c 6f63 6174 6564 2031 3032 preallocated 102\n-00027b80: 342d 6279 7465 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 4-byte file, whi\n-00027b90: 6368 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6c69 7665 ch.normally live\n-00027ba0: 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 s in .../boot/gr\n-00027bb0: 7562 2f67 7275 6265 6e76 e280 9920 2861 ub/grubenv... (a\n-00027bc0: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 796f 7520 7368 6f75 lthough you shou\n-00027bd0: 6c64 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d 650a 7468 ld not assume.th\n-00027be0: 6973 292e 2020 4174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 is). At boot ti\n-00027bf0: 6d65 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c 6f61 645f me, the ...load_\n-00027c00: 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 env... command (\n-00027c10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a *note load_env::\n-00027c20: 2920 6c6f 6164 730a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ) loads.environm\n-00027c30: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 ent variables fr\n-00027c40: 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 20e2 om it, and the .\n-00027c50: 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 282a ..save_env... (*\n-00027c60: 6e6f 7465 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a29 note save_env::)\n-00027c70: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 6573 2065 .command saves e\n-00027c80: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00027c90: 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2046 726f bles to it. Fro\n-00027ca0: 6d20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7379 7374 m a running syst\n-00027cb0: 656d 2c20 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d em, the....grub-\n-00027cc0: 6564 6974 656e 76e2 8099 2075 7469 6c69 editenv... utili\n-00027cd0: 7479 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 ty can be used t\n-00027ce0: 6f20 6564 6974 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 o edit the envir\n-00027cf0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 onment block... \n-00027d00: 2020 466f 7220 7361 6665 7479 2072 6561 For safety rea\n-00027d10: 736f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2073 746f 7261 sons, this stora\n-00027d20: 6765 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c ge is only avail\n-00027d30: 6162 6c65 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c able when instal\n-00027d40: 6c65 6420 6f6e 0a61 2070 6c61 696e 2064 led on.a plain d\n-00027d50: 6973 6b20 286e 6f20 4c56 4d20 6f72 2052 isk (no LVM or R\n-00027d60: 4149 4429 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6120 6e6f AID), using a no\n-00027d70: 6e2d 6368 6563 6b73 756d 6d69 6e67 2066 n-checksumming f\n-00027d80: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 286e 6f0a 5a46 ilesystem (no.ZF\n-00027d90: 5329 2c20 616e 6420 7573 696e 6720 4249 S), and using BI\n-00027da0: 4f53 206f 7220 4546 4920 6675 6e63 7469 OS or EFI functi\n-00027db0: 6f6e 7320 286e 6f20 4154 412c 2055 5342 ons (no ATA, USB\n-00027dc0: 206f 7220 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e 0a0a or IEEE1275)...\n-00027dd0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ...grub-mkcon\n-00027de0: 6669 67e2 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 fig... uses this\n-00027df0: 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 746f 2069 6d70 facility to imp\n-00027e00: 6c65 6d65 6e74 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 lement ...GRUB_S\n-00027e10: 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 282a AVEDEFAULT....(*\n-00027e20: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 note Simple conf\n-00027e30: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f iguration::)....\n-00027e40: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00027e50: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 , Node: Modules\n-00027e60: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Next: Command\n-00027e70: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 456e 7669 726f s, Prev: Enviro\n-00027e80: 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a nment, Up: Top.\n-00027e90: 0a31 3620 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a .16 Modules.****\n-00027ea0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 7320 ******..In this \n-00027eb0: 6368 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 6c69 7374 chapter, we list\n-00027ec0: 2061 6c6c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6861 all modules tha\n-00027ed0: 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 t are available \n-00027ee0: 696e 2047 5255 420a 2863 7572 7265 6e74 in GRUB.(current\n-00027ef0: 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 2e0a ly incomplete)..\n-00027f00: 0a20 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6361 6e20 . Modules can \n-00027f10: 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7669 6120 7468 be loaded via th\n-00027f20: 6520 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2028 e ...insmod... (\n-00027f30: 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 2920 *note insmod::) \n-00027f40: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 command...* Menu\n-00027f50: 3a0a 0a2a 2062 6c69 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 :..* bli::....Fi\n-00027f60: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00027f70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 692c 2020 5570 3a20 Node: bli, Up: \n-00027f80: 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 0a31 362e 3120 626c Modules..16.1 bl\n-00027f90: 690a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6973 i.========..This\n-00027fa0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 module provides\n-00027fb0: 2062 6173 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 basic support f\n-00027fc0: 6f72 2074 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 or the Boot Load\n-00027fd0: 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2054 er Interface. T\n-00027fe0: 6865 0a42 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 he.Boot Loader I\n-00027ff0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2073 7065 6369 6669 nterface specifi\n-00028000: 6573 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 4546 4920 es a set of EFI \n-00028010: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7468 6174 2061 variables that a\n-00028020: 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a63 6f6d 6d75 re used to.commu\n-00028030: 6e69 6361 7465 2062 6f6f 742d 7469 6d65 nicate boot-time\n-00028040: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2062 6574 information bet\n-00028050: 7765 656e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 ween the bootloa\n-00028060: 6465 7220 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f70 6572 der and the.oper\n-00028070: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 ating system... \n-00028080: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 The following \n-00028090: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 6520 706c variables are pl\n-000280a0: 6163 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2076 aced under the v\n-000280b0: 656e 646f 7220 5555 4944 0ae2 8098 3461 endor UUID....4a\n-000280c0: 3637 6230 3832 2d30 6134 632d 3431 6366 67b082-0a4c-41cf\n-000280d0: 2d62 3663 372d 3434 3062 3239 6262 3863 -b6c7-440b29bb8c\n-000280e0: 3466 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 206d 4f... when the m\n-000280f0: 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 643a odule is loaded:\n-00028100: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2047 5054 2070 6172 .. The GPT par\n-00028110: 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 4420 6f66 2074 tition UUID of t\n-00028120: 6865 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d20 5061 he EFI System Pa\n-00028130: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 2064 7572 rtition used dur\n-00028140: 696e 6720 626f 6f74 0a69 7320 7075 626c ing boot.is publ\n-00028150: 6973 6865 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 ished via the ..\n-00028160: 984c 6f61 6465 7244 6576 6963 6550 6172 .LoaderDevicePar\n-00028170: 7455 5549 44e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c tUUID... variabl\n-00028180: 652e 2020 5468 6520 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 e. The Boot Loa\n-00028190: 6465 720a 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7370 der.Interface sp\n-000281a0: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7175 ecification requ\n-000281b0: 6972 6573 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 ires GPT formatt\n-000281c0: 6564 2064 7269 7665 732e 2020 5468 6520 ed drives. The \n-000281d0: 626c 6920 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a69 676e 6f72 bli module.ignor\n-000281e0: 6573 2064 7269 7665 732f 7061 7274 6974 es drives/partit\n-000281f0: 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 616e 7920 6f74 6865 ions in any othe\n-00028200: 7220 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 4752 r format. If GR\n-00028210: 5542 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f UB is loaded fro\n-00028220: 6d20 610a 6e6f 6e2d 4750 5420 7061 7274 m a.non-GPT part\n-00028230: 6974 696f 6e2c 2065 2e67 2e20 2066 726f ition, e.g. fro\n-00028240: 6d20 616e 204d 5344 4f53 2066 6f72 6d61 m an MSDOS forma\n-00028250: 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 206f 7220 6e65 tted drive or ne\n-00028260: 7477 6f72 6b2c 2074 6869 730a 7661 7269 twork, this.vari\n-00028270: 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 able will not be\n-00028280: 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 7374 7269 set... A stri\n-00028290: 6e67 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 2047 ng identifying G\n-000282a0: 5255 4220 6173 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 RUB as the activ\n-000282b0: 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2069 6e63 e bootloader inc\n-000282c0: 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a76 6572 7369 luding the.versi\n-000282d0: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6973 2073 746f on number is sto\n-000282e0: 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 4c6f 6164 6572 red in ...Loader\n-000282f0: 496e 666f e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 Info...... Thi\n-00028300: 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 s module is only\n-00028310: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5545 available on UE\n-00028320: 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f FI platforms....\n-00028330: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00028340: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Node: Command\n-00028350: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7465 726e s, Next: Intern\n-00028360: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 ationalisation, \n-00028370: 2050 7265 763a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 Prev: Modules, \n-00028380: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3137 2041 7661 Up: Top..17 Ava\n-00028390: 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a ilable commands.\n-000283a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000283b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 2063 *****..In this c\n-000283c0: 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 7420 hapter, we list \n-000283d0: 616c 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 all commands tha\n-000283e0: 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 t are available \n-000283f0: 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d in GRUB... Com\n-00028400: 6d61 6e64 7320 6265 6c6f 6e67 2074 6f20 mands belong to \n-00028410: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6772 6f75 7073 different groups\n-00028420: 2e20 2041 2066 6577 2063 616e 206f 6e6c . A few can onl\n-00028430: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 y be used in the\n-00028440: 0a67 6c6f 6261 6c20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 .global section \n-00028450: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 of the configura\n-00028460: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 286f 7220 226d tion file (or \"m\n-00028470: 656e 7522 293b 206d 6f73 7420 6f66 2074 enu\"); most of t\n-00028480: 6865 6d20 6361 6e0a 6265 2065 6e74 6572 hem can.be enter\n-00028490: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ed on the comman\n-000284a0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2062 d-line and can b\n-000284b0: 6520 7573 6564 2065 6974 6865 7220 616e e used either an\n-000284c0: 7977 6865 7265 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6d65 ywhere in the.me\n-000284d0: 6e75 206f 7220 7370 6563 6966 6963 616c nu or specifical\n-000284e0: 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 ly in the menu e\n-000284f0: 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2072 ntries... In r\n-00028500: 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f6e 6c79 escue mode, only\n-00028510: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 the ...insmod..\n-00028520: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a . (*note insmod:\n-00028530: 3a29 2c20 e280 986c 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e :), ...ls... (*n\n-00028540: 6f74 650a 6c73 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 7365 ote.ls::), ...se\n-00028550: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a t... (*note set:\n-00028560: 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9875 6e73 6574 :), and ...unset\n-00028570: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 6574 ... (*note unset\n-00028580: 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 ::) commands are\n-00028590: 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 .normally availa\n-000285a0: 626c 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e64 ble. If you end\n-000285b0: 2075 7020 696e 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f up in rescue mo\n-000285c0: 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6b6e de and do not kn\n-000285d0: 6f77 2077 6861 740a 746f 2064 6f2c 2074 ow what.to do, t\n-000285e0: 6865 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4752 5542 206f hen *note GRUB o\n-000285f0: 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 nly offers a res\n-00028600: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2a20 cue shell::...* \n-00028610: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 752d 7370 Menu:..* Menu-sp\n-00028620: 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a ecific commands:\n-00028630: 3a0a 2a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 :.* Loader comma\n-00028640: 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 nds::.* General \n-00028650: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6f6d commands::.* Com\n-00028660: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00028670: 6473 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e ds::.* Networkin\n-00028680: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2055 g commands::.* U\n-00028690: 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d ndocumented comm\n-000286a0: 616e 6473 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ands::....File: \n-000286b0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000286c0: 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 : Menu-specific \n-000286d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a commands, Next:\n-000286e0: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Loader commands\n-000286f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a , Up: Commands.\n-00028700: 0a31 372e 3120 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2066 .17.1 Commands f\n-00028710: 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6f6e 6c79 or the menu only\n-00028720: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00027930: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 7420 6973 206f =======..It is o\n+00027940: 6674 656e 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2062 ften useful to b\n+00027950: 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 e able to rememb\n+00027960: 6572 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e er a small amoun\n+00027970: 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e t of information\n+00027980: 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e 6520 626f 6f74 2074 .from one boot t\n+00027990: 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2e20 2046 6f72 o the next. For\n+000279a0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 796f 7520 6d69 example, you mi\n+000279b0: 6768 7420 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 ght want to set \n+000279c0: 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 the.default menu\n+000279d0: 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 entry based on \n+000279e0: 7768 6174 2077 6173 2073 656c 6563 7465 what was selecte\n+000279f0: 6420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2074 696d 652e d the last time.\n+00027a00: 2020 4752 5542 0a64 656c 6962 6572 6174 GRUB.deliberat\n+00027a10: 656c 7920 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 ely does not imp\n+00027a20: 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 lement support f\n+00027a30: 6f72 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2066 696c 6573 or writing files\n+00027a40: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 0a6d 696e in order to.min\n+00027a50: 696d 6973 6520 7468 6520 706f 7373 6962 imise the possib\n+00027a60: 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f ility of the boo\n+00027a70: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6569 6e67 2072 t loader being r\n+00027a80: 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2066 esponsible for f\n+00027a90: 696c 650a 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f72 7275 ile.system corru\n+00027aa0: 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 6120 4752 5542 ption, so a GRUB\n+00027ab0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00027ac0: 696c 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 206a 7573 7420 ile cannot just \n+00027ad0: 6372 6561 7465 2061 0a66 696c 6520 696e create a.file in\n+00027ae0: 2074 6865 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 7761 the ordinary wa\n+00027af0: 792e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2047 5255 y. However, GRU\n+00027b00: 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 6e20 2265 B provides an \"e\n+00027b10: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00027b20: 220a 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 \".which can be u\n+00027b30: 7365 6420 746f 2073 6176 6520 6120 736d sed to save a sm\n+00027b40: 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7374 all amount of st\n+00027b50: 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6e76 ate... The env\n+00027b60: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 ironment block i\n+00027b70: 7320 6120 7072 6561 6c6c 6f63 6174 6564 s a preallocated\n+00027b80: 2031 3032 342d 6279 7465 2066 696c 652c 1024-byte file,\n+00027b90: 2077 6869 6368 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 which.normally \n+00027ba0: 6c69 7665 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f lives in .../boo\n+00027bb0: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 6265 6e76 e280 t/grub/grubenv..\n+00027bc0: 9920 2861 6c74 686f 7567 6820 796f 7520 . (although you \n+00027bd0: 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d should not assum\n+00027be0: 650a 7468 6973 292e 2020 4174 2062 6f6f e.this). At boo\n+00027bf0: 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c t time, the ...l\n+00027c00: 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 oad_env... comma\n+00027c10: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 nd (*note load_e\n+00027c20: 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 730a 656e 7669 nv::) loads.envi\n+00027c30: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00027c40: 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 6e64 2074 s from it, and t\n+00027c50: 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 he ...save_env..\n+00027c60: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6176 655f 656e . (*note save_en\n+00027c70: 763a 3a29 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 v::).command sav\n+00027c80: 6573 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 es environment v\n+00027c90: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 ariables to it. \n+00027ca0: 2046 726f 6d20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 From a running \n+00027cb0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 650a e280 9867 system, the....g\n+00027cc0: 7275 622d 6564 6974 656e 76e2 8099 2075 rub-editenv... u\n+00027cd0: 7469 6c69 7479 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 tility can be us\n+00027ce0: 6564 2074 6f20 6564 6974 2074 6865 2065 ed to edit the e\n+00027cf0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00027d00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7361 6665 7479 ... For safety\n+00027d10: 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2073 reasons, this s\n+00027d20: 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 torage is only a\n+00027d30: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 6e20 696e vailable when in\n+00027d40: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 0a61 2070 6c61 stalled on.a pla\n+00027d50: 696e 2064 6973 6b20 286e 6f20 4c56 4d20 in disk (no LVM \n+00027d60: 6f72 2052 4149 4429 2c20 7573 696e 6720 or RAID), using \n+00027d70: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 6563 6b73 756d 6d69 a non-checksummi\n+00027d80: 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 286e ng filesystem (n\n+00027d90: 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 616e 6420 7573 696e o.ZFS), and usin\n+00027da0: 6720 4249 4f53 206f 7220 4546 4920 6675 g BIOS or EFI fu\n+00027db0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 286e 6f20 4154 412c nctions (no ATA,\n+00027dc0: 2055 5342 206f 7220 4945 4545 3132 3735 USB or IEEE1275\n+00027dd0: 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d )... ...grub-m\n+00027de0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2075 7365 7320 kconfig... uses \n+00027df0: 7468 6973 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 746f this facility to\n+00027e00: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 20e2 8098 4752 implement ...GR\n+00027e10: 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 e280 UB_SAVEDEFAULT..\n+00027e20: 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 ..(*note Simple \n+00027e30: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+00027e40: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00027e50: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6f64 info, Node: Mod\n+00027e60: 756c 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d ules, Next: Com\n+00027e70: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 456e mands, Prev: En\n+00027e80: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 vironment, Up: \n+00027e90: 546f 700a 0a31 3620 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a Top..16 Modules.\n+00027ea0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 **********..In t\n+00027eb0: 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 his chapter, we \n+00027ec0: 6c69 7374 2061 6c6c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 list all modules\n+00027ed0: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 that are availa\n+00027ee0: 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 420a 2863 7572 ble in GRUB.(cur\n+00027ef0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 rently incomplet\n+00027f00: 6529 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 e)... Modules \n+00027f10: 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7669 can be loaded vi\n+00027f20: 6120 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 a the ...insmod.\n+00027f30: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 .. (*note insmod\n+00027f40: 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 ::) command...* \n+00027f50: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 6c69 3a3a 0a0a Menu:..* bli::..\n+00027f60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00027f70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 692c 2020 o, Node: bli, \n+00027f80: 5570 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 0a31 362e Up: Modules..16.\n+00027f90: 3120 626c 690a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 1 bli.========..\n+00027fa0: 5468 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7072 6f76 This module prov\n+00027fb0: 6964 6573 2062 6173 6963 2073 7570 706f ides basic suppo\n+00027fc0: 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 rt for the Boot \n+00027fd0: 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Loader Interface\n+00027fe0: 2e20 2054 6865 0a42 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 . The.Boot Load\n+00027ff0: 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2073 7065 er Interface spe\n+00028000: 6369 6669 6573 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 cifies a set of \n+00028010: 4546 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7468 EFI variables th\n+00028020: 6174 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a63 at are used to.c\n+00028030: 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7465 2062 6f6f 742d ommunicate boot-\n+00028040: 7469 6d65 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e time information\n+00028050: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f between the boo\n+00028060: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 7468 650a tloader and the.\n+00028070: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00028080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ... The follow\n+00028090: 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 ing variables ar\n+000280a0: 6520 706c 6163 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 e placed under t\n+000280b0: 6865 2076 656e 646f 7220 5555 4944 0ae2 he vendor UUID..\n+000280c0: 8098 3461 3637 6230 3832 2d30 6134 632d ..4a67b082-0a4c-\n+000280d0: 3431 6366 2d62 3663 372d 3434 3062 3239 41cf-b6c7-440b29\n+000280e0: 6262 3863 3466 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 bb8c4f... when t\n+000280f0: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 he module is loa\n+00028100: 6465 643a 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2047 5054 ded:.. The GPT\n+00028110: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 4420 partition UUID \n+00028120: 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 of the EFI Syste\n+00028130: 6d20 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 m Partition used\n+00028140: 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 0a69 7320 during boot.is \n+00028150: 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 7669 6120 7468 published via th\n+00028160: 6520 e280 984c 6f61 6465 7244 6576 6963 e ...LoaderDevic\n+00028170: 6550 6172 7455 5549 44e2 8099 2076 6172 ePartUUID... var\n+00028180: 6961 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 426f 6f74 iable. The Boot\n+00028190: 204c 6f61 6465 720a 496e 7465 7266 6163 Loader.Interfac\n+000281a0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 e specification \n+000281b0: 7265 7175 6972 6573 2047 5054 2066 6f72 requires GPT for\n+000281c0: 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 732e 2020 matted drives. \n+000281d0: 5468 6520 626c 6920 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a69 The bli module.i\n+000281e0: 676e 6f72 6573 2064 7269 7665 732f 7061 gnores drives/pa\n+000281f0: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 616e 7920 rtitions in any \n+00028200: 6f74 6865 7220 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 other format. I\n+00028210: 6620 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 f GRUB is loaded\n+00028220: 2066 726f 6d20 610a 6e6f 6e2d 4750 5420 from a.non-GPT \n+00028230: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2065 2e67 2e20 partition, e.g. \n+00028240: 2066 726f 6d20 616e 204d 5344 4f53 2066 from an MSDOS f\n+00028250: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 206f ormatted drive o\n+00028260: 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2074 6869 730a r network, this.\n+00028270: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f variable will no\n+00028280: 7420 6265 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 t be set... A \n+00028290: 7374 7269 6e67 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 string identifyi\n+000282a0: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6173 2074 6865 2061 ng GRUB as the a\n+000282b0: 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 ctive bootloader\n+000282c0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a76 including the.v\n+000282d0: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6973 ersion number is\n+000282e0: 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 4c6f stored in ...Lo\n+000282f0: 6164 6572 496e 666f e280 992e 0a0a 2020 aderInfo...... \n+00028300: 2054 6869 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 This module is \n+00028310: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n+00028320: 6e20 5545 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 n UEFI platforms\n+00028330: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00028340: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d info, Node: Com\n+00028350: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e mands, Next: In\n+00028360: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n+00028370: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 6f64 756c on, Prev: Modul\n+00028380: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3137 es, Up: Top..17\n+00028390: 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 Available comma\n+000283a0: 6e64 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a nds.************\n+000283b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 *********..In th\n+000283c0: 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c is chapter, we l\n+000283d0: 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ist all commands\n+000283e0: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 that are availa\n+000283f0: 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 ble in GRUB... \n+00028400: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6265 6c6f 6e67 Commands belong\n+00028410: 2074 6f20 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6772 to different gr\n+00028420: 6f75 7073 2e20 2041 2066 6577 2063 616e oups. A few can\n+00028430: 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e only be used in\n+00028440: 2074 6865 0a67 6c6f 6261 6c20 7365 6374 the.global sect\n+00028450: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 ion of the confi\n+00028460: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 286f guration file (o\n+00028470: 7220 226d 656e 7522 293b 206d 6f73 7420 r \"menu\"); most \n+00028480: 6f66 2074 6865 6d20 6361 6e0a 6265 2065 of them can.be e\n+00028490: 6e74 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f ntered on the co\n+000284a0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2063 mmand-line and c\n+000284b0: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2065 6974 6865 an be used eithe\n+000284c0: 7220 616e 7977 6865 7265 2069 6e20 7468 r anywhere in th\n+000284d0: 650a 6d65 6e75 206f 7220 7370 6563 6966 e.menu or specif\n+000284e0: 6963 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 ically in the me\n+000284f0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 nu entries... \n+00028500: 496e 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2c20 In rescue mode, \n+00028510: 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e 736d only the ...insm\n+00028520: 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 od... (*note ins\n+00028530: 6d6f 643a 3a29 2c20 e280 986c 73e2 8099 mod::), ...ls...\n+00028540: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 3a3a 292c 20e2 (*note.ls::), .\n+00028550: 8098 7365 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ..set... (*note \n+00028560: 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9875 set::), and ...u\n+00028570: 6e73 6574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2075 nset... (*note u\n+00028580: 6e73 6574 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nset::) commands\n+00028590: 2061 7265 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6176 are.normally av\n+000285a0: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ailable. If you\n+000285b0: 2065 6e64 2075 7020 696e 2072 6573 6375 end up in rescu\n+000285c0: 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f e mode and do no\n+000285d0: 7420 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 740a 746f 2064 t know what.to d\n+000285e0: 6f2c 2074 6865 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4752 o, then *note GR\n+000285f0: 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 UB only offers a\n+00028600: 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a2e rescue shell::.\n+00028610: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e ..* Menu:..* Men\n+00028620: 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 u-specific comma\n+00028630: 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 nds::.* Loader c\n+00028640: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 ommands::.* Gene\n+00028650: 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a ral commands::.*\n+00028660: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00028670: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 776f mmands::.* Netwo\n+00028680: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a rking commands::\n+00028690: 0a2a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 .* Undocumented \n+000286a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 commands::....Fi\n+000286b0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000286c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 Node: Menu-speci\n+000286d0: 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e fic commands, N\n+000286e0: 6578 743a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d ext: Loader comm\n+000286f0: 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ands, Up: Comma\n+00028700: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3120 436f 6d6d 616e nds..17.1 Comman\n+00028710: 6473 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 ds for the menu \n+00028720: 6f6e 6c79 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d only.===========\n 00028730: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00028740: 0a0a 5468 6520 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 7320 ..The semantics \n-00028750: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7061 7273 696e 6720 used in parsing \n-00028760: 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f the configuratio\n-00028770: 6e20 6669 6c65 2061 7265 2074 6865 2066 n file are the f\n-00028780: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 ollowing:.. ..\n-00028790: a220 5468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 5f6d 7573 . The files _mus\n-000287a0: 745f 2062 6520 696e 2070 6c61 696e 2d74 t_ be in plain-t\n-000287b0: 6578 7420 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0a20 2020 ext format... \n-000287c0: e280 a220 e280 9823 e280 9920 6174 2074 ... ...#... at t\n-000287d0: 6865 2062 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 he beginning of \n-000287e0: 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 a line in a conf\n-000287f0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d iguration file m\n-00028800: 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 eans it is. \n-00028810: 6f6e 6c79 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2e0a only a comment..\n-00028820: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 . ... Options \n-00028830: 6172 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 are separated by\n-00028840: 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 spaces... ...\n-00028850: 2041 6c6c 206e 756d 6265 7273 2063 616e All numbers can\n-00028860: 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2064 6563 696d be either decim\n-00028870: 616c 206f 7220 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 al or hexadecima\n-00028880: 6c2e 2020 4120 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 l. A hexadecima\n-00028890: 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 l. number mu\n-000288a0: 7374 2062 6520 7072 6563 6564 6564 2062 st be preceded b\n-000288b0: 7920 e280 9830 78e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 y ...0x..., and \n-000288c0: 6973 2063 6173 652d 696e 7365 6e73 6974 is case-insensit\n-000288d0: 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 7365 2063 ive... These c\n-000288e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 ommands can only\n-000288f0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 be used in the \n-00028900: 6d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a menu:..* Menu:..\n-00028910: 2a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a 3a20 2020 * menuentry:: \n-00028920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028930: 5374 6172 7420 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 Start a menu ent\n-00028940: 7279 0a2a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 3a3a 2020 ry.* submenu:: \n-00028950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028960: 2020 2047 726f 7570 206d 656e 7520 656e Group menu en\n-00028970: 7472 6965 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tries....File: g\n-00028980: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00028990: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2c20 204e 6578 menuentry, Nex\n-000289a0: 743a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 2055 703a t: submenu, Up:\n-000289b0: 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 Menu-specific c\n-000289c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 312e 3120 ommands..17.1.1 \n-000289d0: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d menuentry.------\n-000289e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-000289f0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 Command: menuent\n-00028a00: 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b 2d2d 636c 6173 ry TITLE [--clas\n-00028a10: 733d 636c 6173 7320 2e2e 2e5d 205b 2d2d s=class ...] [--\n-00028a20: 7573 6572 733d 7573 6572 735d 0a20 2020 users=users]. \n-00028a30: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 [--unrest\n-00028a40: 7269 6374 6564 5d20 5b2d 2d68 6f74 6b65 ricted] [--hotke\n-00028a50: 793d 6b65 795d 205b 2d2d 6964 3d69 645d y=key] [--id=id]\n-00028a60: 205b 4152 4720 2e2e 2e5d 207b 2043 4f4d [ARG ...] { COM\n-00028a70: 4d41 4e44 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 MAND;. \n-00028a80: 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ... }. This \n-00028a90: 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 4752 5542 206d defines a GRUB m\n-00028aa0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 enu entry named \n-00028ab0: 5449 544c 452e 2020 5768 656e 2074 6869 TITLE. When thi\n-00028ac0: 7320 656e 7472 7920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 s entry is. \n-00028ad0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 selected from th\n-00028ae0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c e menu, GRUB wil\n-00028af0: 6c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 4348 4f53 454e l set the CHOSEN\n-00028b00: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 environment. \n-00028b10: 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7661 variable to va\n-00028b20: 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 2d2d 6964 e280 lue of ...--id..\n-00028b30: 9920 6966 20e2 8098 2d2d 6964 e280 9920 . if ...--id... \n-00028b40: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6578 6563 7574 is given, execut\n-00028b50: 6520 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 e the list of. \n-00028b60: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6769 7665 commands give\n-00028b70: 6e20 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c n within braces,\n-00028b80: 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 and if the last\n-00028b90: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 command in the \n-00028ba0: 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7475 726e list. return\n-00028bb0: 6564 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 ed successfully \n-00028bc0: 616e 6420 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6173 and a kernel was\n-00028bd0: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6974 2077 696c 6c20 loaded it will \n-00028be0: 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 execute the. \n-00028bf0: 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ...boot... comm\n-00028c00: 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 and... The .\n-00028c10: 8098 2d2d 636c 6173 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ..--class... opt\n-00028c20: 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 ion may be used \n-00028c30: 616e 7920 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 any number of ti\n-00028c40: 6d65 7320 746f 2067 726f 7570 206d 656e mes to group men\n-00028c50: 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2069 u. entries i\n-00028c60: 6e74 6f20 636c 6173 7365 732e 2020 4d65 nto classes. Me\n-00028c70: 6e75 2074 6865 6d65 7320 6d61 7920 6469 nu themes may di\n-00028c80: 7370 6c61 7920 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 splay different \n-00028c90: 636c 6173 7365 730a 2020 2020 2075 7369 classes. usi\n-00028ca0: 6e67 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2073 7479 ng different sty\n-00028cb0: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 les... The .\n-00028cc0: 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ..--users... opt\n-00028cd0: 696f 6e20 6772 616e 7473 2073 7065 6369 ion grants speci\n-00028ce0: 6669 6320 7573 6572 7320 6163 6365 7373 fic users access\n-00028cf0: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 206d 656e to specific men\n-00028d00: 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 u. entries. \n-00028d10: 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a *Note Security:\n-00028d20: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 :... The ...\n-00028d30: 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 e280 --unrestricted..\n-00028d40: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2067 7261 6e74 7320 . option grants \n-00028d50: 616c 6c20 7573 6572 7320 6163 6365 7373 all users access\n-00028d60: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a20 2020 to specific. \n-00028d70: 2020 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 menu entries. \n-00028d80: 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a *Note Security:\n-00028d90: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 :... The ...\n-00028da0: 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 --hotkey... opti\n-00028db0: 6f6e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 7320 6120 on associates a \n-00028dc0: 686f 746b 6579 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d65 hotkey with a me\n-00028dd0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 204b 4559 0a20 nu entry. KEY. \n-00028de0: 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2073 696e may be a sin\n-00028df0: 676c 6520 6c65 7474 6572 2c20 6f72 206f gle letter, or o\n-00028e00: 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 616c 6961 7365 ne of the aliase\n-00028e10: 7320 e280 9862 6163 6b73 7061 6365 e280 s ...backspace..\n-00028e20: 992c 20e2 8098 7461 62e2 8099 2c0a 2020 ., ...tab...,. \n-00028e30: 2020 206f 7220 e280 9864 656c 6574 65e2 or ...delete.\n-00028e40: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 ..... The ..\n-00028e50: 982d 2d69 64e2 8099 206d 6179 2062 6520 .--id... may be \n-00028e60: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6173 736f 6369 6174 used to associat\n-00028e70: 6520 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 6e74 6966 e unique identif\n-00028e80: 6965 7220 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 750a ier with a menu.\n-00028e90: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 4420 entry. ID \n-00028ea0: 6973 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 2041 5343 is string of ASC\n-00028eb0: 4949 2061 7068 616e 756d 6572 6963 2063 II aphanumeric c\n-00028ec0: 6861 7261 6374 6572 732c 2075 6e64 6572 haracters, under\n-00028ed0: 7363 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2068 score. and h\n-00028ee0: 7970 6865 6e20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 yphen and should\n-00028ef0: 206e 6f74 2073 7461 7274 2077 6974 6820 not start with \n-00028f00: 6120 6469 6769 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 a digit... A\n-00028f10: 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2061 7267 756d 656e ll other argumen\n-00028f20: 7473 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2054 4954 ts including TIT\n-00028f30: 4c45 2061 7265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6173 LE are passed as\n-00028f40: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 positional. \n-00028f50: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 7768 656e parameters when\n-00028f60: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n-00028f70: 7320 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 7769 s is executed wi\n-00028f80: 7468 2054 4954 4c45 2061 6c77 6179 730a th TITLE always.\n-00028f90: 2020 2020 2061 7373 6967 6e65 6420 746f assigned to\n-00028fa0: 20e2 8098 2431 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ...$1........Fi\n-00028fb0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00028fc0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 626d 656e 752c 2020 Node: submenu, \n-00028fd0: 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 792c Prev: menuentry,\n-00028fe0: 2020 5570 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 Up: Menu-speci\n-00028ff0: 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 fic commands..17\n-00029000: 2e31 2e32 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d .1.2 submenu.---\n-00029010: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00029020: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7375 626d 656e Command: submen\n-00029030: 7520 5449 544c 4520 5b2d 2d63 6c61 7373 u TITLE [--class\n-00029040: 3d63 6c61 7373 202e 2e2e 5d20 5b2d 2d75 =class ...] [--u\n-00029050: 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 5d0a 2020 2020 sers=users]. \n-00029060: 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 [--unrestr\n-00029070: 6963 7465 645d 205b 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 icted] [--hotkey\n-00029080: 3d6b 6579 5d20 5b2d 2d69 643d 6964 5d20 =key] [--id=id] \n-00029090: 7b20 4d45 4e55 2045 4e54 5249 4553 202e { MENU ENTRIES .\n-000290a0: 2e2e 207d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2064 .. }. This d\n-000290b0: 6566 696e 6573 2061 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 efines a submenu\n-000290c0: 2e20 2041 6e20 656e 7472 7920 6361 6c6c . An entry call\n-000290d0: 6564 2054 4954 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ed TITLE will be\n-000290e0: 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 added to the. \n-000290f0: 2020 206d 656e 753b 2077 6865 6e20 7468 menu; when th\n-00029100: 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 at entry is sele\n-00029110: 6374 6564 2c20 6120 6e65 7720 6d65 6e75 cted, a new menu\n-00029120: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 will be display\n-00029130: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7368 6f77 696e 6720 ed. showing \n-00029140: 616c 6c20 7468 6520 656e 7472 6965 7320 all the entries \n-00029150: 7769 7468 696e 2074 6869 7320 7375 626d within this subm\n-00029160: 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 206f enu... All o\n-00029170: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2074 6865 2073 ptions are the s\n-00029180: 616d 6520 6173 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 ame as in the ..\n-00029190: 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e280 9920 636f .menuentry... co\n-000291a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 mmand (*note. \n-000291b0: 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a 3a29 2e0a menuentry::)..\n-000291c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000291d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6465 fo, Node: Loade\n-000291e0: 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 r commands, Nex\n-000291f0: 743a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 t: General comma\n-00029200: 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d65 6e75 nds, Prev: Menu\n-00029210: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e -specific comman\n-00029220: 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds, Up: Command\n-00029230: 730a 0a31 372e 3220 5661 7269 6f75 7320 s..17.2 Various \n-00029240: 6c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a loader commands.\n-00029250: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00029260: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00029270: 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 ese commands are\n-00029280: 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6e65 used to load ne\n-00029290: 6365 7373 6172 7920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e cessary componen\n-000292a0: 7473 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2064 6573 6972 ts to boot desir\n-000292b0: 6564 204f 532e 0a4d 616e 7920 6f66 2074 ed OS..Many of t\n-000292c0: 6865 206c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e he loader comman\n-000292d0: 6473 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 7566 6669 ds are not suffi\n-000292e0: 6369 656e 746c 7920 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 ciently document\n-000292f0: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 ed. The.followi\n-00029300: 6e67 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 ng is a list of \n-00029310: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 636f commands that co\n-00029320: 756c 6420 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6f63 uld use more doc\n-00029330: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 umentation:.. \n-00029340: e280 a220 e280 9861 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 ... ...appleload\n-00029350: 6572 e280 9920 2d20 426f 6f74 2042 494f er... - Boot BIO\n-00029360: 532d 6261 7365 6420 7379 7374 656d 2e0a S-based system..\n-00029370: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f ... ...freedo\n-00029380: 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 s... - Load Free\n-00029390: 444f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 2e73 7973 2e0a DOS kernel.sys..\n-000293a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 ... ...kfreeb\n-000293b0: 7364 5f6c 6f61 6465 6e76 e280 9920 2d20 sd_loadenv... - \n-000293c0: 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 2065 6e76 Load FreeBSD env\n-000293d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 .. ... ...kfre\n-000293e0: 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 ebsd_module_elf.\n-000293f0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 .. - Load FreeBS\n-00029400: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6520 D kernel module \n-00029410: 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 (ELF).. ... ..\n-00029420: 986b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 .kfreebsd_module\n-00029430: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 ... - Load FreeB\n-00029440: 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 SD kernel module\n-00029450: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 .. ... ...kfre\n-00029460: 6562 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b ebsd... - Load k\n-00029470: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 ernel of FreeBSD\n-00029480: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 .. ... ...knet\n-00029490: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 bsd_module_elf..\n-000294a0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 4253 4420 . - Load NetBSD \n-000294b0: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2845 kernel module (E\n-000294c0: 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b LF).. ... ...k\n-000294d0: 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 netbsd_module...\n-000294e0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 5344 206b - Load NetBSD k\n-000294f0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 ernel module.. \n-00029500: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 ... ...knetbsd.\n-00029510: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c .. - Load kernel\n-00029520: 206f 6620 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 of NetBSD.. .\n-00029530: 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 e280 .. ...kopenbsd..\n-00029540: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 . - Load kernel \n-00029550: 6f66 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 of OpenBSD.. .\n-00029560: 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 5f72 .. ...kopenbsd_r\n-00029570: 616d 6469 736b e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 amdisk... - Load\n-00029580: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 7261 6d64 6973 kOpenBSD ramdis\n-00029590: 6b2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 k.. ... ...leg\n-000295a0: 6163 795f 696e 6974 7264 5f6e 6f75 6e7a acy_initrd_nounz\n-000295b0: 6970 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 ip... - Simulate\n-000295c0: 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 6d6f grub-legacy 'mo\n-000295d0: 6475 6c65 6e6f 756e 7a69 7027 0a20 2020 dulenounzip'. \n-000295e0: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 command. ...\n-000295f0: 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f69 6e69 7472 ...legacy_initr\n-00029600: 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 d... - Simulate \n-00029610: 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2769 6e69 grub-legacy 'ini\n-00029620: 7472 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 trd' command. \n-00029630: e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 6b65 ... ...legacy_ke\n-00029640: 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 rnel... - Simula\n-00029650: 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 te grub-legacy '\n-00029660: 6b65 726e 656c 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a kernel' command.\n-00029670: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 ... ...module\n-00029680: 32e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 2... - Load a mu\n-00029690: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 6d6f 6475 6c65 ltiboot 2 module\n-000296a0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 .. ... ...modu\n-000296b0: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d le... - Load a m\n-000296c0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206d 6f64 756c 652e ultiboot module.\n-000296d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 756c 7469 . ... ...multi\n-000296e0: 626f 6f74 32e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 boot2... - Load \n-000296f0: 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 6b65 a multiboot 2 ke\n-00029700: 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 rnel.. ... ...\n-00029710: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d 204c multiboot... - L\n-00029720: 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 oad a multiboot \n-00029730: 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 kernel.. ... .\n-00029740: 8098 6e74 6c64 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ..ntldr... - Loa\n-00029750: 6420 4e54 4c44 5220 6f72 2042 6f6f 744d d NTLDR or BootM\n-00029760: 4752 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706c GR.. ... ...pl\n-00029770: 616e 39e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 506c an9... - Load Pl\n-00029780: 616e 3920 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 an9 kernel.. .\n-00029790: 80a2 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6861 696e 6c6f .. ...pxechainlo\n-000297a0: 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 ader... - Load a\n-000297b0: 2050 5845 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 PXE image.. .\n-000297c0: 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 .. ...truecrypt.\n-000297d0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 5472 7565 6372 .. - Load Truecr\n-000297e0: 7970 7420 4953 4f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ypt ISO.. ... \n-000297f0: e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 6c36 34e2 ...xnu_kernel64.\n-00029800: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 3634 2d62 6974 .. - Load 64-bit\n-00029810: 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 XNU image.. .\n-00029820: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 726e 656c .. ...xnu_kernel\n-00029830: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2069 ... - Load XNU i\n-00029840: 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 mage.. ... ...\n-00029850: 786e 755f 6b65 7874 6469 72e2 8099 202d xnu_kextdir... -\n-00029860: 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 Load XNU extens\n-00029870: 696f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a20 ion directory.. \n-00029880: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 ... ...xnu_kex\n-00029890: 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 t... - Load XNU \n-000298a0: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 extension.. ..\n-000298b0: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6d 6b65 7874 e280 . ...xnu_mkext..\n-000298c0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 . - Load XNU ext\n-000298d0: 656e 7369 6f6e 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2e0a ension package..\n-000298e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 ... ...xnu_ra\n-000298f0: 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 mdisk... - Load \n-00029900: 584e 5520 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 2020 4974 XNU ramdisk. It\n-00029910: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 will be availab\n-00029920: 6c65 2069 6e20 4f53 2061 730a 2020 2020 le in OS as. \n-00029930: 206d 6430 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 md0.. ... ...\n-00029940: 786e 755f 7265 7375 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 xnu_resume... - \n-00029950: 4c6f 6164 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 6f66 Load an image of\n-00029960: 2068 6962 6572 6e61 7465 6420 584e 552e hibernated XNU.\n-00029970: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f73 . ... ...xnu_s\n-00029980: 706c 6173 68e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 plash... - Load \n-00029990: 6120 7370 6c61 7368 2069 6d61 6765 2066 a splash image f\n-000299a0: 6f72 2058 4e55 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a or XNU...* Menu:\n-000299b0: 0a0a 2a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a ..* chainloader:\n-000299c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-000299d0: 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f Chain-load ano\n-000299e0: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther boot loader\n-000299f0: 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a20 2020 2020 .* initrd:: \n+00028740: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7365 6d61 6e74 ====..The semant\n+00028750: 6963 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7061 7273 ics used in pars\n+00028760: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ing the configur\n+00028770: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2061 7265 2074 ation file are t\n+00028780: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 he following:.. \n+00028790: 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 ... The files \n+000287a0: 5f6d 7573 745f 2062 6520 696e 2070 6c61 _must_ be in pla\n+000287b0: 696e 2d74 6578 7420 666f 726d 6174 2e0a in-text format..\n+000287c0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9823 e280 9920 . ... ...#... \n+000287d0: 6174 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 at the beginning\n+000287e0: 206f 6620 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 6120 of a line in a \n+000287f0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00028800: 6c65 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 0a20 le means it is. \n+00028810: 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 only a comme\n+00028820: 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4f70 7469 nt... ... Opti\n+00028830: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 ons are separate\n+00028840: 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 d by spaces... \n+00028850: 20e2 80a2 2041 6c6c 206e 756d 6265 7273 ... All numbers\n+00028860: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2064 can be either d\n+00028870: 6563 696d 616c 206f 7220 6865 7861 6465 ecimal or hexade\n+00028880: 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 4120 6865 7861 6465 cimal. A hexade\n+00028890: 6369 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 cimal. numbe\n+000288a0: 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7072 6563 6564 r must be preced\n+000288b0: 6564 2062 7920 e280 9830 78e2 8099 2c20 ed by ...0x..., \n+000288c0: 616e 6420 6973 2063 6173 652d 696e 7365 and is case-inse\n+000288d0: 6e73 6974 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 nsitive... The\n+000288e0: 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6361 6e20 se commands can \n+000288f0: 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 only be used in \n+00028900: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e the menu:..* Men\n+00028910: 753a 0a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a u:..* menuentry:\n+00028920: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00028930: 2020 2020 5374 6172 7420 6120 6d65 6e75 Start a menu\n+00028940: 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 entry.* submenu\n+00028950: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00028960: 2020 2020 2020 2047 726f 7570 206d 656e Group men\n+00028970: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c u entries....Fil\n+00028980: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00028990: 6f64 653a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2c20 ode: menuentry, \n+000289a0: 204e 6578 743a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 Next: submenu, \n+000289b0: 2055 703a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 Up: Menu-specif\n+000289c0: 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ic commands..17.\n+000289d0: 312e 3120 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 790a 2d2d 1.1 menuentry.--\n+000289e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000289f0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 656e -- Command: men\n+00028a00: 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b 2d2d uentry TITLE [--\n+00028a10: 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 7320 2e2e 2e5d class=class ...]\n+00028a20: 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d 7573 6572 735d [--users=users]\n+00028a30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 756e . [--un\n+00028a40: 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 5d20 5b2d 2d68 restricted] [--h\n+00028a50: 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d 205b 2d2d 6964 otkey=key] [--id\n+00028a60: 3d69 645d 205b 4152 4720 2e2e 2e5d 207b =id] [ARG ...] {\n+00028a70: 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 COMMAND;. \n+00028a80: 2020 2020 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 ... }. T\n+00028a90: 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 4752 his defines a GR\n+00028aa0: 5542 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6e61 UB menu entry na\n+00028ab0: 6d65 6420 5449 544c 452e 2020 5768 656e med TITLE. When\n+00028ac0: 2074 6869 7320 656e 7472 7920 6973 0a20 this entry is. \n+00028ad0: 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2066 726f selected fro\n+00028ae0: 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 4752 5542 m the menu, GRUB\n+00028af0: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 4348 will set the CH\n+00028b00: 4f53 454e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 OSEN environment\n+00028b10: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 . variable t\n+00028b20: 6f20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 2d2d o value of ...--\n+00028b30: 6964 e280 9920 6966 20e2 8098 2d2d 6964 id... if ...--id\n+00028b40: e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6578 ... is given, ex\n+00028b50: 6563 7574 6520 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f ecute the list o\n+00028b60: 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 f. commands \n+00028b70: 6769 7665 6e20 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 given within bra\n+00028b80: 6365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 6520 ces, and if the \n+00028b90: 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 last command in \n+00028ba0: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 7265 the list. re\n+00028bb0: 7475 726e 6564 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 turned successfu\n+00028bc0: 6c6c 7920 616e 6420 6120 6b65 726e 656c lly and a kernel\n+00028bd0: 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6974 2077 was loaded it w\n+00028be0: 696c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 650a ill execute the.\n+00028bf0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 ...boot... \n+00028c00: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 command... T\n+00028c10: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 636c 6173 73e2 8099 he ...--class...\n+00028c20: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2075 option may be u\n+00028c30: 7365 6420 616e 7920 6e75 6d62 6572 206f sed any number o\n+00028c40: 6620 7469 6d65 7320 746f 2067 726f 7570 f times to group\n+00028c50: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 menu. entri\n+00028c60: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 636c 6173 7365 732e es into classes.\n+00028c70: 2020 4d65 6e75 2074 6865 6d65 7320 6d61 Menu themes ma\n+00028c80: 7920 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6469 6666 6572 y display differ\n+00028c90: 656e 7420 636c 6173 7365 730a 2020 2020 ent classes. \n+00028ca0: 2075 7369 6e67 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 using different\n+00028cb0: 2073 7479 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 styles... T\n+00028cc0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 he ...--users...\n+00028cd0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6772 616e 7473 2073 option grants s\n+00028ce0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 7573 6572 7320 6163 pecific users ac\n+00028cf0: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 cess to specific\n+00028d00: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 menu. entri\n+00028d10: 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 es. *Note Secur\n+00028d20: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ity::... The\n+00028d30: 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 ...--unrestrict\n+00028d40: 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2067 7261 ed... option gra\n+00028d50: 6e74 7320 616c 6c20 7573 6572 7320 6163 nts all users ac\n+00028d60: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 cess to specific\n+00028d70: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 . menu entri\n+00028d80: 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 es. *Note Secur\n+00028d90: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ity::... The\n+00028da0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 e280 9920 ...--hotkey... \n+00028db0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 option associate\n+00028dc0: 7320 6120 686f 746b 6579 2077 6974 6820 s a hotkey with \n+00028dd0: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 204b a menu entry. K\n+00028de0: 4559 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2061 EY. may be a\n+00028df0: 2073 696e 676c 6520 6c65 7474 6572 2c20 single letter, \n+00028e00: 6f72 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 616c or one of the al\n+00028e10: 6961 7365 7320 e280 9862 6163 6b73 7061 iases ...backspa\n+00028e20: 6365 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7461 62e2 8099 ce..., ...tab...\n+00028e30: 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 e280 9864 656c ,. or ...del\n+00028e40: 6574 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ete...... Th\n+00028e50: 6520 e280 982d 2d69 64e2 8099 206d 6179 e ...--id... may\n+00028e60: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6173 736f be used to asso\n+00028e70: 6369 6174 6520 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 ciate unique ide\n+00028e80: 6e74 6966 6965 7220 7769 7468 2061 206d ntifier with a m\n+00028e90: 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 enu. entry. \n+00028ea0: 2049 4420 6973 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 ID is string of\n+00028eb0: 2041 5343 4949 2061 7068 616e 756d 6572 ASCII aphanumer\n+00028ec0: 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 732c 2075 ic characters, u\n+00028ed0: 6e64 6572 7363 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2061 nderscore. a\n+00028ee0: 6e64 2068 7970 6865 6e20 616e 6420 7368 nd hyphen and sh\n+00028ef0: 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2073 7461 7274 2077 ould not start w\n+00028f00: 6974 6820 6120 6469 6769 742e 0a0a 2020 ith a digit... \n+00028f10: 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2061 7267 All other arg\n+00028f20: 756d 656e 7473 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 uments including\n+00028f30: 2054 4954 4c45 2061 7265 2070 6173 7365 TITLE are passe\n+00028f40: 6420 6173 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a d as positional.\n+00028f50: 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 parameters \n+00028f60: 7768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d when list of com\n+00028f70: 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 mands is execute\n+00028f80: 6420 7769 7468 2054 4954 4c45 2061 6c77 d with TITLE alw\n+00028f90: 6179 730a 2020 2020 2061 7373 6967 6e65 ays. assigne\n+00028fa0: 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2431 e280 992e 0a0a d to ...$1......\n+00028fb0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00028fc0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 626d 656e o, Node: submen\n+00028fd0: 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 656e u, Prev: menuen\n+00028fe0: 7472 792c 2020 5570 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 try, Up: Menu-s\n+00028ff0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 pecific commands\n+00029000: 0a0a 3137 2e31 2e32 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 ..17.1.2 submenu\n+00029010: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+00029020: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7375 . -- Command: su\n+00029030: 626d 656e 7520 5449 544c 4520 5b2d 2d63 bmenu TITLE [--c\n+00029040: 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 202e 2e2e 5d20 lass=class ...] \n+00029050: 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 5d0a [--users=users].\n+00029060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d75 6e72 [--unr\n+00029070: 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d 205b 2d2d 686f estricted] [--ho\n+00029080: 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 5b2d 2d69 643d tkey=key] [--id=\n+00029090: 6964 5d20 7b20 4d45 4e55 2045 4e54 5249 id] { MENU ENTRI\n+000290a0: 4553 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ES ... }. Th\n+000290b0: 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 2073 7562 is defines a sub\n+000290c0: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2041 6e20 656e 7472 7920 menu. An entry \n+000290d0: 6361 6c6c 6564 2054 4954 4c45 2077 696c called TITLE wil\n+000290e0: 6c20 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 l be added to th\n+000290f0: 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e 753b 2077 6865 e. menu; whe\n+00029100: 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 n that entry is \n+00029110: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6120 6e65 7720 selected, a new \n+00029120: 6d65 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 menu will be dis\n+00029130: 706c 6179 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7368 6f77 played. show\n+00029140: 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 656e 7472 ing all the entr\n+00029150: 6965 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 6869 7320 ies within this \n+00029160: 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 submenu... A\n+00029170: 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2074 ll options are t\n+00029180: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2069 6e20 7468 he same as in th\n+00029190: 6520 e280 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e280 e ...menuentry..\n+000291a0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n+000291b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a . menuentry:\n+000291c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+000291d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n+000291e0: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 oader commands, \n+000291f0: 204e 6578 743a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 Next: General c\n+00029200: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ommands, Prev: \n+00029210: 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f Menu-specific co\n+00029220: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d mmands, Up: Com\n+00029230: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3220 5661 7269 mands..17.2 Vari\n+00029240: 6f75 7320 6c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 ous loader comma\n+00029250: 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nds.============\n+00029260: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00029270: 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ..These commands\n+00029280: 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 are used to loa\n+00029290: 6420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 636f 6d70 d necessary comp\n+000292a0: 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2064 onents to boot d\n+000292b0: 6573 6972 6564 204f 532e 0a4d 616e 7920 esired OS..Many \n+000292c0: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 7220 636f of the loader co\n+000292d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 mmands are not s\n+000292e0: 7566 6669 6369 656e 746c 7920 646f 6375 ufficiently docu\n+000292f0: 6d65 6e74 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a66 6f6c mented. The.fol\n+00029300: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 lowing is a list\n+00029310: 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 of commands tha\n+00029320: 7420 636f 756c 6420 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 t could use more\n+00029330: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 3a0a documentation:.\n+00029340: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 7070 6c65 . ... ...apple\n+00029350: 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 426f 6f74 loader... - Boot\n+00029360: 2042 494f 532d 6261 7365 6420 7379 7374 BIOS-based syst\n+00029370: 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6672 em.. ... ...fr\n+00029380: 6565 646f 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 eedos... - Load \n+00029390: 4672 6565 444f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 2e73 FreeDOS kernel.s\n+000293a0: 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 ys.. ... ...kf\n+000293b0: 7265 6562 7364 5f6c 6f61 6465 6e76 e280 reebsd_loadenv..\n+000293c0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 . - Load FreeBSD\n+000293d0: 2065 6e76 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 env.. ... ...\n+000293e0: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f kfreebsd_module_\n+000293f0: 656c 66e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 elf... - Load Fr\n+00029400: 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 eeBSD kernel mod\n+00029410: 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 ule (ELF).. ..\n+00029420: a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f . ...kfreebsd_mo\n+00029430: 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 dule... - Load F\n+00029440: 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f reeBSD kernel mo\n+00029450: 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 dule.. ... ...\n+00029460: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f kfreebsd... - Lo\n+00029470: 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 ad kernel of Fre\n+00029480: 6542 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 eBSD.. ... ...\n+00029490: 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 knetbsd_module_e\n+000294a0: 6c66 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 lf... - Load Net\n+000294b0: 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c BSD kernel modul\n+000294c0: 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e (ELF).. ... \n+000294d0: e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ...knetbsd_modul\n+000294e0: 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 e... - Load NetB\n+000294f0: 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 SD kernel module\n+00029500: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 .. ... ...knet\n+00029510: 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 bsd... - Load ke\n+00029520: 726e 656c 206f 6620 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a rnel of NetBSD..\n+00029530: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 ... ...kopenb\n+00029540: 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 sd... - Load ker\n+00029550: 6e65 6c20 6f66 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2e0a nel of OpenBSD..\n+00029560: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 ... ...kopenb\n+00029570: 7364 5f72 616d 6469 736b e280 9920 2d20 sd_ramdisk... - \n+00029580: 4c6f 6164 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 7261 Load kOpenBSD ra\n+00029590: 6d64 6973 6b2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 mdisk.. ... ..\n+000295a0: 986c 6567 6163 795f 696e 6974 7264 5f6e .legacy_initrd_n\n+000295b0: 6f75 6e7a 6970 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 ounzip... - Simu\n+000295c0: 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 late grub-legacy\n+000295d0: 2027 6d6f 6475 6c65 6e6f 756e 7a69 7027 'modulenounzip'\n+000295e0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 . command. \n+000295f0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f69 ... ...legacy_i\n+00029600: 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c nitrd... - Simul\n+00029610: 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 ate grub-legacy \n+00029620: 2769 6e69 7472 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 'initrd' command\n+00029630: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 . ... ...legac\n+00029640: 795f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 5369 y_kernel... - Si\n+00029650: 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 mulate grub-lega\n+00029660: 6379 2027 6b65 726e 656c 2720 636f 6d6d cy 'kernel' comm\n+00029670: 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f and. ... ...mo\n+00029680: 6475 6c65 32e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 dule2... - Load \n+00029690: 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 6d6f a multiboot 2 mo\n+000296a0: 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 dule.. ... ...\n+000296b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 module... - Load\n+000296c0: 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206d 6f64 a multiboot mod\n+000296d0: 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d ule.. ... ...m\n+000296e0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 32e2 8099 202d 204c ultiboot2... - L\n+000296f0: 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 oad a multiboot \n+00029700: 3220 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2 kernel.. ...\n+00029710: 20e2 8098 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 74e2 8099 ...multiboot...\n+00029720: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 - Load a multib\n+00029730: 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 oot kernel.. .\n+00029740: 80a2 20e2 8098 6e74 6c64 72e2 8099 202d .. ...ntldr... -\n+00029750: 204c 6f61 6420 4e54 4c44 5220 6f72 2042 Load NTLDR or B\n+00029760: 6f6f 744d 4752 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ootMGR.. ... .\n+00029770: 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ..plan9... - Loa\n+00029780: 6420 506c 616e 3920 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a d Plan9 kernel..\n+00029790: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6861 ... ...pxecha\n+000297a0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f inloader... - Lo\n+000297b0: 6164 2061 2050 5845 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a ad a PXE image..\n+000297c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 7565 6372 ... ...truecr\n+000297d0: 7970 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 5472 ypt... - Load Tr\n+000297e0: 7565 6372 7970 7420 4953 4f2e 0a20 2020 uecrypt ISO.. \n+000297f0: e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 ... ...xnu_kerne\n+00029800: 6c36 34e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 3634 l64... - Load 64\n+00029810: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a -bit XNU image..\n+00029820: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 ... ...xnu_ke\n+00029830: 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 rnel... - Load X\n+00029840: 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 NU image.. ...\n+00029850: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 7874 6469 72e2 ...xnu_kextdir.\n+00029860: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 .. - Load XNU ex\n+00029870: 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 tension director\n+00029880: 792e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 y.. ... ...xnu\n+00029890: 5f6b 6578 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 _kext... - Load \n+000298a0: 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a20 XNU extension.. \n+000298b0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6d 6b65 ... ...xnu_mke\n+000298c0: 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 xt... - Load XNU\n+000298d0: 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2070 6163 6b61 extension packa\n+000298e0: 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e ge.. ... ...xn\n+000298f0: 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 202d 204c u_ramdisk... - L\n+00029900: 6f61 6420 584e 5520 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e oad XNU ramdisk.\n+00029910: 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7661 It will be ava\n+00029920: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 4f53 2061 730a ilable in OS as.\n+00029930: 2020 2020 206d 6430 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 md0.. ...\n+00029940: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7265 7375 6d65 e280 ...xnu_resume..\n+00029950: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e20 696d 6167 . - Load an imag\n+00029960: 6520 6f66 2068 6962 6572 6e61 7465 6420 e of hibernated \n+00029970: 584e 552e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 XNU.. ... ...x\n+00029980: 6e75 5f73 706c 6173 68e2 8099 202d 204c nu_splash... - L\n+00029990: 6f61 6420 6120 7370 6c61 7368 2069 6d61 oad a splash ima\n+000299a0: 6765 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e0a 0a2a 204d ge for XNU...* M\n+000299b0: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 enu:..* chainloa\n+000299c0: 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der:: \n+000299d0: 2020 2020 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 Chain-load\n+000299e0: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f another boot lo\n+000299f0: 6164 6572 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a20 ader.* initrd:: \n 00029a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029a10: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e Load a Linux in\n-00029a20: 6974 7264 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a itrd.* initrd16:\n-00029a30: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00029a40: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 Load a Linu\n-00029a50: 7820 696e 6974 7264 2028 3136 2d62 6974 x initrd (16-bit\n-00029a60: 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3a3a mode).* linux::\n-00029a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029a80: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 Load a Li\n-00029a90: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206c 696e nux kernel.* lin\n-00029aa0: 7578 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux16:: \n-00029ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n-00029ac0: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2028 a Linux kernel (\n-00029ad0: 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 2078 16-bit mode).* x\n-00029ae0: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a 3a20 en_hypervisor:: \n-00029af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n-00029b00: 6420 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 d xen hypervisor\n-00029b10: 2062 696e 6172 7920 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e binary (only on\n-00029b20: 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f AArch64).* xen_\n-00029b30: 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 module:: \n-00029b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2078 Load x\n-00029b50: 656e 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 6f72 2078 en modules for x\n-00029b60: 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 286f en hypervisor (o\n-00029b70: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a nly on AArch64).\n-00029b80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00029b90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6861 696e fo, Node: chain\n-00029ba0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 loader, Next: i\n-00029bb0: 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 nitrd, Up: Load\n-00029bc0: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e er commands..17.\n-00029bd0: 322e 3120 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 720a 2.1 chainloader.\n-00029be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00029bf0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00029c00: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 205b 2d2d chainloader [--\n-00029c10: 666f 7263 655d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 force] file [arg\n-00029c20: 732e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 s...]. Load \n-00029c30: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 6368 6169 6e2d FILE as a chain-\n-00029c40: 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204c 696b 6520 616e loader. Like an\n-00029c50: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6669 6c65 206c 6f61 y other file loa\n-00029c60: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ded by the. \n-00029c70: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f64 652c filesystem code,\n-00029c80: 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6520 it can use the \n-00029c90: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6e6f 7461 7469 blocklist notati\n-00029ca0: 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b0a on (*note Block.\n-00029cb0: 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 list syntax\n-00029cc0: 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 7261 6220 7468 6520 ::) to grab the \n-00029cd0: 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 first sector of \n-00029ce0: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7061 7274 the current part\n-00029cf0: 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 ition. with \n-00029d00: e280 982b 31e2 8099 2e20 204f 6e20 4546 ...+1.... On EF\n-00029d10: 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2061 6e79 I platforms, any\n-00029d20: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2061 6674 6572 arguments after\n-00029d30: 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 FILE will be se\n-00029d40: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 206c nt. to the l\n-00029d50: 6f61 6465 6420 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 oaded image... \n-00029d60: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 If you specif\n-00029d70: 7920 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 y the option ...\n-00029d80: 2d2d 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e --force..., then\n-00029d90: 206c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2066 6f72 6369 load FILE forci\n-00029da0: 626c 792c 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6574 6865 bly,. whethe\n-00029db0: 7220 6974 2068 6173 2061 2063 6f72 7265 r it has a corre\n-00029dc0: 6374 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 206f 7220 ct signature or \n-00029dd0: 6e6f 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7265 not. This is re\n-00029de0: 7175 6972 6564 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 quired when. \n-00029df0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 206c 6f61 you want to loa\n-00029e00: 6420 6120 6465 6665 6374 6976 6520 626f d a defective bo\n-00029e10: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2073 7563 6820 ot loader, such \n-00029e20: 6173 2053 434f 2055 6e69 7857 6172 6520 as SCO UnixWare \n-00029e30: 372e 312e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7.1.....File: gr\n-00029e40: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00029e50: 696e 6974 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 initrd, Next: i\n-00029e60: 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 nitrd16, Prev: \n-00029e70: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5570 chainloader, Up\n-00029e80: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n-00029e90: 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3220 696e 6974 7264 s..17.2.2 initrd\n-00029ea0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n-00029eb0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 -- Command: ini\n-00029ec0: 7472 6420 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e trd file [file .\n-00029ed0: 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 ..]. Load, i\n-00029ee0: 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 n order, all ini\n-00029ef0: 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 trds for a Linux\n-00029f00: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652c 2061 kernel image, a\n-00029f10: 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 nd set the. \n-00029f20: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 appropriate para\n-00029f30: 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 meters in the Li\n-00029f40: 6e75 7820 7365 7475 7020 6172 6561 2069 nux setup area i\n-00029f50: 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 n memory. This \n-00029f60: 6d61 790a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 may. only be\n-00029f70: 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 used after the \n-00029f80: e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ...linux... comm\n-00029f90: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 and (*note linux\n-00029fa0: 3a3a 2920 6861 7320 6265 656e 0a20 2020 ::) has been. \n-00029fb0: 2020 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 run. See *not\n-00029fc0: 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 783a 3a20 666f e GNU/Linux:: fo\n-00029fd0: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f20 6f6e 2062 r more info on b\n-00029fe0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 ooting GNU/Linux\n-00029ff0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 .. For more \n-0002a000: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 information on i\n-0002a010: 6e69 7472 6473 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 nitrds see the G\n-0002a020: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a NU/Linux kernel.\n-0002a030: 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 documentati\n-0002a040: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 7073 3a2f on. (https:/\n-0002a050: 2f64 6f63 732e 6b65 726e 656c 2e6f 7267 /docs.kernel.org\n-0002a060: 2f66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2f72 616d /filesystems/ram\n-0002a070: 6673 2d72 6f6f 7466 732d 696e 6974 7261 fs-rootfs-initra\n-0002a080: 6d66 732e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 mfs.html)... \n-0002a090: 2041 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 A new-style ini\n-0002a0a0: 7472 6420 2866 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 trd (for kernels\n-0002a0b0: 206e 6577 6572 2074 6861 6e20 322e 3629 newer than 2.6)\n-0002a0c0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 containing one \n-0002a0d0: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 206c file. with l\n-0002a0e0: 6561 6469 6e67 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 eading path comp\n-0002a0f0: 6f6e 656e 7473 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 onents can also \n-0002a100: 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7420 be generated at \n-0002a110: 7275 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 run time.. T\n-0002a120: 6869 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 his can be done \n-0002a130: 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2061 6e20 by prefixing an \n-0002a140: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 e280 argument with ..\n-0002a150: 986e 6577 633a e280 9920 666f 6c6c 6f77 .newc:... follow\n-0002a160: 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2070 ed by. the p\n-0002a170: 6174 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 ath of the file \n-0002a180: 696e 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e69 7472 in the new initr\n-0002a190: 642c 2061 20e2 8098 3ae2 8099 2c20 616e d, a ...:..., an\n-0002a1a0: 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a d then the GRUB.\n-0002a1b0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7061 7468 2074 file path t\n-0002a1c0: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2064 6174 6120 o the file data \n-0002a1d0: 746f 2062 6520 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 to be be include\n-0002a1e0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 d... For exa\n-0002a1f0: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:. \n-0002a200: 696e 6974 7264 206e 6577 633a 2f65 7463 initrd newc:/etc\n-0002a210: 2f73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 673a 2868 6430 /ssh/config:(hd0\n-0002a220: 2c32 292f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 2e73 ,2)/home/user/.s\n-0002a230: 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 6720 5c0a 2020 2020 sh/config \\. \n-0002a240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 new\n-0002a250: 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 c:/etc/ssh/ssh_h\n-0002a260: 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 793a 2f65 7463 ost_rsa_key:/etc\n-0002a270: 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 /ssh/ssh_host_rs\n-0002a280: 615f 6b65 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 a_key \\. \n-0002a290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 626f 6f74 2f69 /boot/i\n-0002a2a0: 6e69 7472 642e 677a 205c 0a20 2020 2020 nitrd.gz \\. \n-0002a2b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7763 newc\n-0002a2c0: 3a2f 696e 6974 3a2f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 :/init:/home/use\n-0002a2d0: 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 0a0a 2020 r/init.fixed.. \n-0002a2e0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 This command \n-0002a2f0: 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 7477 will generate tw\n-0002a300: 6f20 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 696e 6974 o new-style init\n-0002a310: 7264 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6c79 2e20 rds on the fly. \n-0002a320: 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 The. first \n-0002a330: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6174 contains the pat\n-0002a340: 6820 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 636f h .../etc/ssh/co\n-0002a350: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 6865 nfig... with the\n-0002a360: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 contents of. \n-0002a370: 2020 e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 2f68 6f6d ...(hd0,2)/hom\n-0002a380: 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 7373 682f 636f 6e66 e/user/.ssh/conf\n-0002a390: 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7061 ig... and the pa\n-0002a3a0: 7468 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f th. .../etc/\n-0002a3b0: 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 ssh/ssh_host_rsa\n-0002a3c0: 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 6865 _key... with the\n-0002a3d0: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 contents of. \n-0002a3e0: 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 .../etc/ssh/ss\n-0002a3f0: 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 h_host_rsa_key..\n-0002a400: 9920 6f6e 2074 6865 2052 4f4f 5420 6465 . on the ROOT de\n-0002a410: 7669 6365 2e20 2050 6172 656e 7420 6469 vice. Parent di\n-0002a420: 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2070 6174 rectory. pat\n-0002a430: 6873 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 hs will automati\n-0002a440: 6361 6c6c 7920 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 cally be generat\n-0002a450: 6564 2061 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 2054 ed as needed. T\n-0002a460: 6869 7320 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 2067 his first. g\n-0002a470: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e69 7472 6420 enerated initrd \n-0002a480: 7769 6c6c 2074 6865 6e20 6861 7665 20e2 will then have .\n-0002a490: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 2e67 ../boot/initrd.g\n-0002a4a0: 7ae2 8099 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 z... concatenate\n-0002a4b0: 640a 2020 2020 2061 6674 6572 2069 742e d. after it.\n-0002a4c0: 2020 4e65 7874 2c20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 Next, another \n-0002a4d0: 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 6172 6368 6976 new-style archiv\n-0002a4e0: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 e will be genera\n-0002a4f0: 7465 6420 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ted with. th\n-0002a500: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 e contents of ..\n-0002a510: 982f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 ./home/user/init\n-0002a520: 2e66 6978 6564 e280 9920 696e 2074 6865 .fixed... in the\n-0002a530: 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 path .../init..\n-0002a540: 9920 616e 640a 2020 2020 2061 7070 656e . and. appen\n-0002a550: 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 ded to the previ\n-0002a560: 6f75 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 696f ous concatenatio\n-0002a570: 6e2e 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 n. Finally, the\n-0002a580: 2072 6573 756c 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 result will. \n-0002a590: 2020 6265 2073 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 be sent to the\n-0002a5a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f kernel when boo\n-0002a5b0: 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204b 6565 7020 ted... Keep \n-0002a5c0: 696e 206d 696e 6420 7468 6174 2070 6174 in mind that pat\n-0002a5d0: 6873 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d65 206c 6174 hs that come lat\n-0002a5e0: 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7461 6b65 2070 7265 er will take pre\n-0002a5f0: 6365 6465 6e63 652e 2020 536f 0a20 2020 cedence. So. \n-0002a600: 2020 696e 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 in the example\n-0002a610: 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 above, the gene\n-0002a620: 7261 7465 6420 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 rated path .../i\n-0002a630: 6e69 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 nit... will over\n-0002a640: 7772 6974 6520 616e 790a 2020 2020 20e2 write any. .\n-0002a650: 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 ../init... in ..\n-0002a660: 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a ./boot/initrd.gz\n-0002a670: e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 .... This can b\n-0002a680: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6368 e useful when ch\n-0002a690: 616e 6769 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 anging the. \n-0002a6a0: 6d61 696e 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6973 2075 main initrd is u\n-0002a6b0: 6e64 6573 6972 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6469 ndesirable or di\n-0002a6c0: 6666 6963 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 fficult.....File\n-0002a6d0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002a6e0: 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 204e de: initrd16, N\n-0002a6f0: 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2050 7265 ext: linux, Pre\n-0002a700: 763a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 v: initrd, Up: \n-0002a710: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Loader commands.\n-0002a720: 0a31 372e 322e 3320 696e 6974 7264 3136 .17.2.3 initrd16\n-0002a730: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002a740: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 .. -- Command: i\n-0002a750: 6e69 7472 6431 3620 6669 6c65 205b 6669 nitrd16 file [fi\n-0002a760: 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 le ...]. Loa\n-0002a770: 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c d, in order, all\n-0002a780: 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c initrds for a L\n-0002a790: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 inux kernel imag\n-0002a7a0: 6520 746f 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 0a20 e to be booted. \n-0002a7b0: 2020 2020 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f in 16-bit mo\n-0002a7c0: 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 de, and set the \n-0002a7d0: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 appropriate para\n-0002a7e0: 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 meters in the Li\n-0002a7f0: 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2073 6574 7570 2061 nux. setup a\n-0002a800: 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 rea in memory. \n-0002a810: 5468 6973 206d 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 This may only be\n-0002a820: 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 used after the \n-0002a830: e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 ...linux16.... \n-0002a840: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 command (*not\n-0002a850: 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2068 6173 e linux16::) has\n-0002a860: 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 been run. See \n-0002a870: 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c also *note GNU/L\n-0002a880: 696e 7578 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 inux::. and \n-0002a890: 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 the ...initrd...\n-0002a8a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n-0002a8b0: 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6d6f initrd::) for mo\n-0002a8c0: 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e0a 2020 re details on. \n-0002a8d0: 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e0a 0a20 arguments... \n-0002a8e0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-0002a8f0: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n-0002a900: 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7063 2070 6c61 le on the pc pla\n-0002a910: 7466 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7838 3620 7379 tform for x86 sy\n-0002a920: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 stems.....File: \n-0002a930: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002a940: 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : linux, Next: \n-0002a950: 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 linux16, Prev: \n-0002a960: 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2055 703a 204c initrd16, Up: L\n-0002a970: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a oader commands..\n-0002a980: 3137 2e32 2e34 206c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 17.2.4 linux.---\n-0002a990: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002a9a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 7820 6669 ommand: linux fi\n-0002a9b0: 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 le .... Load\n-0002a9c0: 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 a Linux kernel \n-0002a9d0: 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e image from FILE.\n-0002a9e0: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 The rest of th\n-0002a9f0: 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 e line is. p\n-0002aa00: 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 assed verbatim a\n-0002aa10: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 s the ...kernel \n-0002aa20: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e command-line....\n-0002aa30: 2020 416e 7920 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 Any initrd mus\n-0002aa40: 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 t be. reload\n-0002aa50: 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ed after using t\n-0002aa60: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f his command (*no\n-0002aa70: 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 te initrd::)... \n-0002aa80: 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 On x86 syste\n-0002aa90: 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 ms, the kernel w\n-0002aaa0: 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 ill be booted us\n-0002aab0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2062 ing the 32-bit b\n-0002aac0: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f oot. protoco\n-0002aad0: 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 l. Note that th\n-0002aae0: 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 is means that th\n-0002aaf0: 6520 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f e ...vga=... boo\n-0002ab00: 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 t option will. \n-0002ab10: 2020 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b 2069 6620 not work; if \n-0002ab20: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 you want to set \n-0002ab30: 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7669 6465 6f20 a special video \n-0002ab40: 6d6f 6465 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e mode, you will n\n-0002ab50: 6565 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 eed to. use \n-0002ab60: 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 GRUB commands su\n-0002ab70: 6368 2061 7320 e280 9873 6574 2067 6678 ch as ...set gfx\n-0002ab80: 7061 796c 6f61 643d 3130 3234 7837 3638 payload=1024x768\n-0002ab90: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 740a 2020 ... or ...set. \n-0002aba0: 2020 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d 6b65 gfxpayload=ke\n-0002abb0: 6570 e280 9920 2874 6f20 6b65 6570 2074 ep... (to keep t\n-0002abc0: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 he same mode as \n-0002abd0: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2920 696e used in GRUB) in\n-0002abe0: 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 stead.. GRUB\n-0002abf0: 2063 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c can automatical\n-0002ac00: 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 736f 6d65 2075 ly detect some u\n-0002ac10: 7365 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 ses of ...vga=..\n-0002ac20: 9920 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 650a . and translate.\n-0002ac30: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2061 7070 them to app\n-0002ac40: 726f 7072 6961 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 ropriate setting\n-0002ac50: 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 6766 7870 6179 6c6f s of ...gfxpaylo\n-0002ac60: 6164 e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 e280 986c ad.... The ...l\n-0002ac70: 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 inux16.... c\n-0002ac80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 ommand (*note li\n-0002ac90: 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2061 766f 6964 7320 nux16::) avoids \n-0002aca0: 7468 6973 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e this restriction\n-0002acb0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002acc0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 696e info, Node: lin\n-0002acd0: 7578 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e ux16, Next: xen\n-0002ace0: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5072 _hypervisor, Pr\n-0002acf0: 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: linux, Up: \n-0002ad00: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Loader commands.\n-0002ad10: 0a31 372e 322e 3520 6c69 6e75 7831 360a .17.2.5 linux16.\n-0002ad20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002ad30: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 696e -- Command: lin\n-0002ad40: 7578 3136 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 ux16 file .... \n-0002ad50: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 Load a Linux \n-0002ad60: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f kernel image fro\n-0002ad70: 6d20 4649 4c45 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 m FILE in 16-bit\n-0002ad80: 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 mode. The rest\n-0002ad90: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e of. the lin\n-0002ada0: 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 e is passed verb\n-0002adb0: 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b atim as the ...k\n-0002adc0: 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ernel command-li\n-0002add0: 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 790a 2020 2020 ne.... Any. \n-0002ade0: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 initrd must be \n-0002adf0: 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 reloaded after u\n-0002ae00: 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e sing this comman\n-0002ae10: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e d (*note. in\n-0002ae20: 6974 7264 3136 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 itrd16::)... \n-0002ae30: 2054 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c The kernel will\n-0002ae40: 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2075 7369 6e67 be booted using\n-0002ae50: 2074 6865 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c the traditional\n-0002ae60: 2031 362d 6269 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 16-bit boot. \n-0002ae70: 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2041 7320 protocol. As \n-0002ae80: 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6279 7061 7373 696e well as bypassin\n-0002ae90: 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 g problems with \n-0002aea0: e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2064 6573 6372 ...vga=... descr\n-0002aeb0: 6962 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 202a 6e6f ibed in. *no\n-0002aec0: 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2c20 7468 6973 te linux::, this\n-0002aed0: 2070 6572 6d69 7473 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 permits booting\n-0002aee0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f67 some other prog\n-0002aef0: 7261 6d73 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2069 rams that. i\n-0002af00: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 204c 696e mplement the Lin\n-0002af10: 7578 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c ux boot protocol\n-0002af20: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 616b 6520 6f66 for the sake of\n-0002af30: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e 6365 2e0a 0a20 convenience... \n-0002af40: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-0002af50: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n-0002af60: 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d le on x86 system\n-0002af70: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0002af80: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 .info, Node: xe\n-0002af90: 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 204e n_hypervisor, N\n-0002afa0: 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652c ext: xen_module,\n-0002afb0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c Prev: linux16,\n-0002afc0: 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d Up: Loader com\n-0002afd0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3620 7865 mands..17.2.6 xe\n-0002afe0: 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 0a2d 2d2d n_hypervisor.---\n-0002aff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002b000: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002b010: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 xen_hypervisor \n-0002b020: 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d file [arguments]\n-0002b030: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 .... Load a\n-0002b040: 2058 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 Xen hypervisor \n-0002b050: 6269 6e61 7279 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 binary from FILE\n-0002b060: 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 . The rest of t\n-0002b070: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 he line is. \n-0002b080: 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 passed verbatim \n-0002b090: 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c as the ...kernel\n-0002b0a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d command-line...\n-0002b0b0: 2e20 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 696e . Any other bin\n-0002b0c0: 6172 6965 730a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 aries. must \n-0002b0d0: 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 be reloaded afte\n-0002b0e0: 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d r using this com\n-0002b0f0: 6d61 6e64 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d mand. This comm\n-0002b100: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 and is only. \n-0002b110: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 available on AA\n-0002b120: 7263 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a rch64 systems...\n-0002b130: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002b140: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f o, Node: xen_mo\n-0002b150: 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2078 656e dule, Prev: xen\n-0002b160: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5570 _hypervisor, Up\n-0002b170: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n-0002b180: 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3720 7865 6e5f 6d6f s..17.2.7 xen_mo\n-0002b190: 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dule.-----------\n-0002b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002b1b0: 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 6520 and: xen_module \n-0002b1c0: 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 [--nounzip] file\n-0002b1d0: 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 [arguments]. \n-0002b1e0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 Load a module \n-0002b1f0: 666f 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 for xen hypervis\n-0002b200: 6f72 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 696e or at the bootin\n-0002b210: 6720 7072 6f63 6573 7320 6f66 2078 656e g process of xen\n-0002b220: 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 .. The rest \n-0002b230: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 of the line is p\n-0002b240: 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 assed verbatim a\n-0002b250: 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d s the module com\n-0002b260: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a20 2020 2020 mand line.. \n-0002b270: 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 Modules should b\n-0002b280: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e loaded in the \n-0002b290: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f72 6465 723a following order:\n-0002b2a0: 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 - dom0 kernel. \n-0002b2b0: 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 2d20 646f 6d30 image - dom0\n-0002b2c0: 2072 616d 6469 736b 2069 6620 7072 6573 ramdisk if pres\n-0002b2d0: 656e 7420 2d20 5853 4d20 706f 6c69 6379 ent - XSM policy\n-0002b2e0: 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 5468 6973 if present This\n-0002b2f0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 . command is\n-0002b300: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n-0002b310: 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 2073 7973 7465 on AArch64 syste\n-0002b320: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n-0002b330: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 b.info, Node: G\n-0002b340: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c eneral commands,\n-0002b350: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d Next: Command-\n-0002b360: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 line commands, \n-0002b370: 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d Prev: Loader com\n-0002b380: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d mands, Up: Comm\n-0002b390: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2047 656e 6572 ands..17.3 Gener\n-0002b3a0: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d al commands.====\n+00029a10: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 Load a Linu\n+00029a20: 7820 696e 6974 7264 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 x initrd.* initr\n+00029a30: 6431 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d16:: \n+00029a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 Load a \n+00029a50: 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 2028 3136 Linux initrd (16\n+00029a60: 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 206c 696e -bit mode).* lin\n+00029a70: 7578 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux:: \n+00029a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n+00029a90: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a a Linux kernel.*\n+00029aa0: 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 linux16:: \n+00029ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+00029ac0: 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e oad a Linux kern\n+00029ad0: 656c 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 el (16-bit mode)\n+00029ae0: 0a2a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f .* xen_hyperviso\n+00029af0: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n+00029b00: 204c 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 Load xen hyperv\n+00029b10: 6973 6f72 2062 696e 6172 7920 286f 6e6c isor binary (onl\n+00029b20: 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a 2a20 y on AArch64).* \n+00029b30: 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 xen_module:: \n+00029b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n+00029b50: 6164 2078 656e 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 ad xen modules f\n+00029b60: 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f or xen hyperviso\n+00029b70: 7220 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 r (only on AArch\n+00029b80: 3634 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 64)....File: gru\n+00029b90: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+00029ba0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 204e 6578 hainloader, Nex\n+00029bb0: 743a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 t: initrd, Up: \n+00029bc0: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Loader commands.\n+00029bd0: 0a31 372e 322e 3120 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 .17.2.1 chainloa\n+00029be0: 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d der.------------\n+00029bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00029c00: 616e 643a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 and: chainloader\n+00029c10: 205b 2d2d 666f 7263 655d 2066 696c 6520 [--force] file \n+00029c20: 5b61 7267 732e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c [args...]. L\n+00029c30: 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 6368 oad FILE as a ch\n+00029c40: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204c 696b ain-loader. Lik\n+00029c50: 6520 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6669 6c65 e any other file\n+00029c60: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 0a20 loaded by the. \n+00029c70: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 filesystem c\n+00029c80: 6f64 652c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7573 6520 ode, it can use \n+00029c90: 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6e6f the blocklist no\n+00029ca0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c tation (*note Bl\n+00029cb0: 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 7379 ock. list sy\n+00029cc0: 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 7261 6220 ntax::) to grab \n+00029cd0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 the first sector\n+00029ce0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 of the current \n+00029cf0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 partition. w\n+00029d00: 6974 6820 e280 982b 31e2 8099 2e20 204f ith ...+1.... O\n+00029d10: 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c n EFI platforms,\n+00029d20: 2061 6e79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2061 any arguments a\n+00029d30: 6674 6572 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 fter FILE will b\n+00029d40: 6520 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 e sent. to t\n+00029d50: 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696d 6167 652e he loaded image.\n+00029d60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 .. If you sp\n+00029d70: 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e ecify the option\n+00029d80: 20e2 8098 2d2d 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 ...--force..., \n+00029d90: 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2066 then load FILE f\n+00029da0: 6f72 6369 626c 792c 0a20 2020 2020 7768 orcibly,. wh\n+00029db0: 6574 6865 7220 6974 2068 6173 2061 2063 ether it has a c\n+00029dc0: 6f72 7265 6374 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 orrect signature\n+00029dd0: 206f 7220 6e6f 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 or not. This i\n+00029de0: 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2077 6865 6e0a s required when.\n+00029df0: 2020 2020 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f you want to\n+00029e00: 206c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 6665 6374 6976 load a defectiv\n+00029e10: 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2073 e boot loader, s\n+00029e20: 7563 6820 6173 2053 434f 2055 6e69 7857 uch as SCO UnixW\n+00029e30: 6172 6520 372e 312e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 are 7.1.....File\n+00029e40: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00029e50: 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 204e 6578 de: initrd, Nex\n+00029e60: 743a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 5072 t: initrd16, Pr\n+00029e70: 6576 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c ev: chainloader,\n+00029e80: 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d Up: Loader com\n+00029e90: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3220 696e mands..17.2.2 in\n+00029ea0: 6974 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d itrd.-----------\n+00029eb0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00029ec0: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6669 6c65 205b 6669 initrd file [fi\n+00029ed0: 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 le ...]. Loa\n+00029ee0: 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c d, in order, all\n+00029ef0: 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c initrds for a L\n+00029f00: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 inux kernel imag\n+00029f10: 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 0a20 e, and set the. \n+00029f20: 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 appropriate \n+00029f30: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 parameters in th\n+00029f40: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 7365 7475 7020 6172 e Linux setup ar\n+00029f50: 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2054 ea in memory. T\n+00029f60: 6869 7320 6d61 790a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c his may. onl\n+00029f70: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 y be used after \n+00029f80: 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 the ...linux... \n+00029f90: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c command (*note l\n+00029fa0: 696e 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 7320 6265 656e inux::) has been\n+00029fb0: 0a20 2020 2020 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 . run. See \n+00029fc0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 783a *note GNU/Linux:\n+00029fd0: 3a20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f20 : for more info \n+00029fe0: 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 4e55 2f4c on booting GNU/L\n+00029ff0: 696e 7578 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 206d inux.. For m\n+0002a000: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ore information \n+0002a010: 6f6e 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2073 6565 2074 on initrds see t\n+0002a020: 6865 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 206b 6572 he GNU/Linux ker\n+0002a030: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e nel. documen\n+0002a040: 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 tation. (htt\n+0002a050: 7073 3a2f 2f64 6f63 732e 6b65 726e 656c ps://docs.kernel\n+0002a060: 2e6f 7267 2f66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 .org/filesystems\n+0002a070: 2f72 616d 6673 2d72 6f6f 7466 732d 696e /ramfs-rootfs-in\n+0002a080: 6974 7261 6d66 732e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a itramfs.html)...\n+0002a090: 2020 2020 2041 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 A new-style\n+0002a0a0: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2866 6f72 206b 6572 initrd (for ker\n+0002a0b0: 6e65 6c73 206e 6577 6572 2074 6861 6e20 nels newer than \n+0002a0c0: 322e 3629 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 2.6) containing \n+0002a0d0: 6f6e 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7769 one file. wi\n+0002a0e0: 7468 206c 6561 6469 6e67 2070 6174 6820 th leading path \n+0002a0f0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2063 616e 2061 components can a\n+0002a100: 6c73 6f20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 lso be generated\n+0002a110: 2061 7420 7275 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 at run time.. \n+0002a120: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2064 This can be d\n+0002a130: 6f6e 6520 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 one by prefixing\n+0002a140: 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2077 6974 an argument wit\n+0002a150: 6820 e280 986e 6577 633a e280 9920 666f h ...newc:... fo\n+0002a160: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 llowed by. t\n+0002a170: 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2066 he path of the f\n+0002a180: 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 ile in the new i\n+0002a190: 6e69 7472 642c 2061 20e2 8098 3ae2 8099 nitrd, a ...:...\n+0002a1a0: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 , and then the G\n+0002a1b0: 5255 420a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7061 RUB. file pa\n+0002a1c0: 7468 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2064 th to the file d\n+0002a1d0: 6174 6120 746f 2062 6520 6265 2069 6e63 ata to be be inc\n+0002a1e0: 6c75 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 luded... For\n+0002a1f0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 example:. \n+0002a200: 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 206e 6577 633a initrd newc:\n+0002a210: 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 673a /etc/ssh/config:\n+0002a220: 2868 6430 2c32 292f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 (hd0,2)/home/use\n+0002a230: 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 6720 5c0a r/.ssh/config \\.\n+0002a240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002a250: 206e 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 newc:/etc/ssh/s\n+0002a260: 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 793a sh_host_rsa_key:\n+0002a270: 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 /etc/ssh/ssh_hos\n+0002a280: 745f 7273 615f 6b65 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 t_rsa_key \\. \n+0002a290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 626f /bo\n+0002a2a0: 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 205c 0a20 ot/initrd.gz \\. \n+0002a2b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002a2c0: 6e65 7763 3a2f 696e 6974 3a2f 686f 6d65 newc:/init:/home\n+0002a2d0: 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 /user/init.fixed\n+0002a2e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n+0002a2f0: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 and will generat\n+0002a300: 6520 7477 6f20 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 e two new-style \n+0002a310: 696e 6974 7264 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 initrds on the f\n+0002a320: 6c79 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 ly. The. fi\n+0002a330: 7273 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 rst contains the\n+0002a340: 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 path .../etc/ss\n+0002a350: 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 7468 h/config... with\n+0002a360: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+0002a370: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 . ...(hd0,2)\n+0002a380: 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 7373 682f /home/user/.ssh/\n+0002a390: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 config... and th\n+0002a3a0: 6520 7061 7468 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f e path. .../\n+0002a3b0: 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 etc/ssh/ssh_host\n+0002a3c0: 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 7769 7468 _rsa_key... with\n+0002a3d0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+0002a3e0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 . .../etc/ss\n+0002a3f0: 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b h/ssh_host_rsa_k\n+0002a400: 6579 e280 9920 6f6e 2074 6865 2052 4f4f ey... on the ROO\n+0002a410: 5420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2050 6172 656e T device. Paren\n+0002a420: 7420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 t directory. \n+0002a430: 2070 6174 6873 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f paths will auto\n+0002a440: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6265 2067 656e matically be gen\n+0002a450: 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 6e65 6564 6564 erated as needed\n+0002a460: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6669 7273 740a 2020 . This first. \n+0002a470: 2020 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e69 generated ini\n+0002a480: 7472 6420 7769 6c6c 2074 6865 6e20 6861 trd will then ha\n+0002a490: 7665 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 ve .../boot/init\n+0002a4a0: 7264 2e67 7ae2 8099 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 rd.gz... concate\n+0002a4b0: 6e61 7465 640a 2020 2020 2061 6674 6572 nated. after\n+0002a4c0: 2069 742e 2020 4e65 7874 2c20 616e 6f74 it. Next, anot\n+0002a4d0: 6865 7220 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 6172 her new-style ar\n+0002a4e0: 6368 6976 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 chive will be ge\n+0002a4f0: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7769 7468 0a20 2020 nerated with. \n+0002a500: 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f the contents o\n+0002a510: 6620 e280 982f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f f .../home/user/\n+0002a520: 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 e280 9920 696e init.fixed... in\n+0002a530: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 696e the path .../in\n+0002a540: 6974 e280 9920 616e 640a 2020 2020 2061 it... and. a\n+0002a550: 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 2070 ppended to the p\n+0002a560: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e revious concaten\n+0002a570: 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c ation. Finally,\n+0002a580: 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 7769 6c6c the result will\n+0002a590: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2073 656e 7420 746f . be sent to\n+0002a5a0: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7768 656e the kernel when\n+0002a5b0: 2062 6f6f 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204b booted... K\n+0002a5c0: 6565 7020 696e 206d 696e 6420 7468 6174 eep in mind that\n+0002a5d0: 2070 6174 6873 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d65 paths that come\n+0002a5e0: 206c 6174 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7461 6b65 later will take\n+0002a5f0: 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 652e 2020 536f precedence. So\n+0002a600: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 2065 7861 . in the exa\n+0002a610: 6d70 6c65 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 mple above, the \n+0002a620: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7061 7468 20e2 generated path .\n+0002a630: 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 ../init... will \n+0002a640: 6f76 6572 7772 6974 6520 616e 790a 2020 overwrite any. \n+0002a650: 2020 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2069 .../init... i\n+0002a660: 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 n .../boot/initr\n+0002a670: 642e 677a e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 2063 d.gz.... This c\n+0002a680: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 an be useful whe\n+0002a690: 6e20 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 n changing the. \n+0002a6a0: 2020 2020 6d61 696e 2069 6e69 7472 6420 main initrd \n+0002a6b0: 6973 2075 6e64 6573 6972 6162 6c65 206f is undesirable o\n+0002a6c0: 7220 6469 6666 6963 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a r difficult.....\n+0002a6d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002a6e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 Node: initrd16\n+0002a6f0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 , Next: linux, \n+0002a700: 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 Prev: initrd, \n+0002a710: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n+0002a720: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3320 696e 6974 nds..17.2.3 init\n+0002a730: 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rd16.-----------\n+0002a740: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002a750: 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 3620 6669 6c65 d: initrd16 file\n+0002a760: 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 [file ...]. \n+0002a770: 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c Load, in order,\n+0002a780: 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 all initrds for\n+0002a790: 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 a Linux kernel \n+0002a7a0: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 626f 6f74 image to be boot\n+0002a7b0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2031 362d 6269 ed. in 16-bi\n+0002a7c0: 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 t mode, and set \n+0002a7d0: 7468 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 the appropriate \n+0002a7e0: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 parameters in th\n+0002a7f0: 6520 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2073 6574 e Linux. set\n+0002a800: 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 up area in memor\n+0002a810: 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 206f 6e6c y. This may onl\n+0002a820: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 y be used after \n+0002a830: 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 the ...linux16..\n+0002a840: 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 .. command (\n+0002a850: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 *note linux16::)\n+0002a860: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 has been run. \n+0002a870: 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 See also *note G\n+0002a880: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 NU/Linux::. \n+0002a890: 616e 6420 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e69 7472 and the ...initr\n+0002a8a0: 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e d... command (*n\n+0002a8b0: 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2920 666f ote initrd::) fo\n+0002a8c0: 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f r more details o\n+0002a8d0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 n. arguments\n+0002a8e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n+0002a8f0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n+0002a900: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7063 ilable on the pc\n+0002a910: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7838 platform for x8\n+0002a920: 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6 systems.....Fi\n+0002a930: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002a940: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 Node: linux, Ne\n+0002a950: 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5072 xt: linux16, Pr\n+0002a960: 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2055 ev: initrd16, U\n+0002a970: 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e p: Loader comman\n+0002a980: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e34 206c 696e 7578 ds..17.2.4 linux\n+0002a990: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n+0002a9a0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 -- Command: linu\n+0002a9b0: 7820 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 x file .... \n+0002a9c0: 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 Load a Linux ker\n+0002a9d0: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 nel image from F\n+0002a9e0: 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f ILE. The rest o\n+0002a9f0: 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 f the line is. \n+0002aa00: 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 passed verbat\n+0002aa10: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 im as the ...ker\n+0002aa20: 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 nel command-line\n+0002aa30: e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 696e 6974 7264 .... Any initrd\n+0002aa40: 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 must be. re\n+0002aa50: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 loaded after usi\n+0002aa60: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ng this command \n+0002aa70: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 (*note initrd::)\n+0002aa80: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 ... On x86 s\n+0002aa90: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e ystems, the kern\n+0002aaa0: 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 el will be boote\n+0002aab0: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 3332 2d62 d using the 32-b\n+0002aac0: 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f it boot. pro\n+0002aad0: 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 tocol. Note tha\n+0002aae0: 7420 7468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 t this means tha\n+0002aaf0: 7420 7468 6520 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 t the ...vga=...\n+0002ab00: 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 696c boot option wil\n+0002ab10: 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b l. not work;\n+0002ab20: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 if you want to \n+0002ab30: 7365 7420 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7669 set a special vi\n+0002ab40: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2c20 796f 7520 7769 deo mode, you wi\n+0002ab50: 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ll need to. \n+0002ab60: 7573 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 use GRUB command\n+0002ab70: 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9873 6574 s such as ...set\n+0002ab80: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d 3130 3234 gfxpayload=1024\n+0002ab90: 7837 3638 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 x768... or ...se\n+0002aba0: 740a 2020 2020 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 t. gfxpayloa\n+0002abb0: 643d 6b65 6570 e280 9920 2874 6f20 6b65 d=keep... (to ke\n+0002abc0: 6570 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6d6f 6465 ep the same mode\n+0002abd0: 2061 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 as used in GRUB\n+0002abe0: 2920 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 ) instead.. \n+0002abf0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 GRUB can automat\n+0002ac00: 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 736f ically detect so\n+0002ac10: 6d65 2075 7365 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 7667 me uses of ...vg\n+0002ac20: 613d e280 9920 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c a=... and transl\n+0002ac30: 6174 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 746f ate. them to\n+0002ac40: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2073 6574 appropriate set\n+0002ac50: 7469 6e67 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 6766 7870 tings of ...gfxp\n+0002ac60: 6179 6c6f 6164 e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 ayload.... The \n+0002ac70: e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 ...linux16.... \n+0002ac80: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 command (*not\n+0002ac90: 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2061 766f e linux16::) avo\n+0002aca0: 6964 7320 7468 6973 2072 6573 7472 6963 ids this restric\n+0002acb0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+0002acc0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002acd0: 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a linux16, Next:\n+0002ace0: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c xen_hypervisor,\n+0002acf0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 Prev: linux, \n+0002ad00: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n+0002ad10: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3520 6c69 6e75 nds..17.2.5 linu\n+0002ad20: 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d x16.------------\n+0002ad30: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002ad40: 206c 696e 7578 3136 2066 696c 6520 2e2e linux16 file ..\n+0002ad50: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 .. Load a Li\n+0002ad60: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 nux kernel image\n+0002ad70: 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2069 6e20 3136 from FILE in 16\n+0002ad80: 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6520 -bit mode. The \n+0002ad90: 7265 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 rest of. the\n+0002ada0: 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 line is passed \n+0002adb0: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 verbatim as the \n+0002adc0: e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e ...kernel comman\n+0002add0: 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 790a d-line.... Any.\n+0002ade0: 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 7374 initrd must\n+0002adf0: 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 be reloaded aft\n+0002ae00: 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f er using this co\n+0002ae10: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 mmand (*note. \n+0002ae20: 2020 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a3a 292e 0a0a initrd16::)...\n+0002ae30: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 The kernel \n+0002ae40: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2075 will be booted u\n+0002ae50: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7261 6469 7469 sing the traditi\n+0002ae60: 6f6e 616c 2031 362d 6269 7420 626f 6f74 onal 16-bit boot\n+0002ae70: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 . protocol. \n+0002ae80: 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6279 7061 As well as bypa\n+0002ae90: 7373 696e 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 ssing problems w\n+0002aea0: 6974 6820 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2064 ith ...vga=... d\n+0002aeb0: 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 escribed in. \n+0002aec0: 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2c20 *note linux::, \n+0002aed0: 7468 6973 2070 6572 6d69 7473 2062 6f6f this permits boo\n+0002aee0: 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 ting some other \n+0002aef0: 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 2074 6861 740a 2020 programs that. \n+0002af00: 2020 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 implement the\n+0002af10: 204c 696e 7578 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f74 Linux boot prot\n+0002af20: 6f63 6f6c 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 616b ocol for the sak\n+0002af30: 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e 6365 e of convenience\n+0002af40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n+0002af50: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n+0002af60: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 ilable on x86 sy\n+0002af70: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 stems.....File: \n+0002af80: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002af90: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 : xen_hypervisor\n+0002afa0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 , Next: xen_mod\n+0002afb0: 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 ule, Prev: linu\n+0002afc0: 7831 362c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 x16, Up: Loader\n+0002afd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e commands..17.2.\n+0002afe0: 3620 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 6 xen_hypervisor\n+0002aff0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002b000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002b010: 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 and: xen_hypervi\n+0002b020: 736f 7220 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 sor file [argume\n+0002b030: 6e74 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f nts] .... Lo\n+0002b040: 6164 2061 2058 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 ad a Xen hypervi\n+0002b050: 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2066 726f 6d20 sor binary from \n+0002b060: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 FILE. The rest \n+0002b070: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 of the line is. \n+0002b080: 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 passed verba\n+0002b090: 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 tim as the ...ke\n+0002b0a0: 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e rnel command-lin\n+0002b0b0: 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 e.... Any other\n+0002b0c0: 2062 696e 6172 6965 730a 2020 2020 206d binaries. m\n+0002b0d0: 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 ust be reloaded \n+0002b0e0: 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 after using this\n+0002b0f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2054 6869 7320 command. This \n+0002b100: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 790a command is only.\n+0002b110: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f available o\n+0002b120: 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d n AArch64 system\n+0002b130: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0002b140: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 .info, Node: xe\n+0002b150: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a n_module, Prev:\n+0002b160: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c xen_hypervisor,\n+0002b170: 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d Up: Loader com\n+0002b180: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3720 7865 mands..17.2.7 xe\n+0002b190: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n_module.-------\n+0002b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002b1b0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 Command: xen_mod\n+0002b1c0: 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 ule [--nounzip] \n+0002b1d0: 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d file [arguments]\n+0002b1e0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 . Load a mod\n+0002b1f0: 756c 6520 666f 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 ule for xen hype\n+0002b200: 7276 6973 6f72 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f rvisor at the bo\n+0002b210: 6f74 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 7320 6f66 oting process of\n+0002b220: 2078 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 xen.. The r\n+0002b230: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 est of the line \n+0002b240: 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 is passed verbat\n+0002b250: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 im as the module\n+0002b260: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a20 command line.. \n+0002b270: 2020 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7368 6f75 Modules shou\n+0002b280: 6c64 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e20 ld be loaded in \n+0002b290: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f72 the following or\n+0002b2a0: 6465 723a 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 6b65 726e der: - dom0 kern\n+0002b2b0: 656c 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 2d20 el. image - \n+0002b2c0: 646f 6d30 2072 616d 6469 736b 2069 6620 dom0 ramdisk if \n+0002b2d0: 7072 6573 656e 7420 2d20 5853 4d20 706f present - XSM po\n+0002b2e0: 6c69 6379 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 licy if present \n+0002b2f0: 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e This. comman\n+0002b300: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 d is only availa\n+0002b310: 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 2073 ble on AArch64 s\n+0002b320: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ystems.....File:\n+0002b330: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002b340: 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 e: General comma\n+0002b350: 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d nds, Next: Comm\n+0002b360: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002b370: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 s, Prev: Loader\n+0002b380: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 commands, Up: \n+0002b390: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2047 Commands..17.3 G\n+0002b3a0: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a eneral commands.\n 0002b3b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002b3c0: 3d0a 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7573 6162 =..Commands usab\n-0002b3d0: 6c65 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 696e 2074 le anywhere in t\n-0002b3e0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 696e 2074 he menu and in t\n-0002b3f0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e he command-line.\n-0002b400: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2073 6572 ..* Menu:..* ser\n-0002b410: 6961 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ial:: \n-0002b420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2075 Set u\n-0002b430: 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 p a serial devic\n-0002b440: 650a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 e.* terminal_inp\n-0002b450: 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ut:: \n-0002b460: 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 7574 2074 Manage input t\n-0002b470: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 erminals.* termi\n-0002b480: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 nal_output:: \n-0002b490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 Manage \n-0002b4a0: 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 output terminals\n-0002b4b0: 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 .* terminfo:: \n-0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002b4d0: 2044 6566 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c Define terminal\n-0002b4e0: 2074 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 type....File: g\n-0002b4f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002b500: 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 serial, Next: \n-0002b510: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 terminal_input, \n-0002b520: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d Up: General com\n-0002b530: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3120 7365 mands..17.3.1 se\n-0002b540: 7269 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rial.-----------\n-0002b550: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002b560: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 6e69 743d serial [--unit=\n-0002b570: 756e 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 743d 706f unit] [--port=po\n-0002b580: 7274 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 3d73 7065 rt] [--speed=spe\n-0002b590: 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ed]. [-\n-0002b5a0: 2d77 6f72 643d 776f 7264 5d20 5b2d 2d70 -word=word] [--p\n-0002b5b0: 6172 6974 793d 7061 7269 7479 5d20 5b2d arity=parity] [-\n-0002b5c0: 2d73 746f 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a 2020 2020 -stop=stop]. \n-0002b5d0: 2049 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 6120 7365 Initialize a se\n-0002b5e0: 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 554e rial device. UN\n-0002b5f0: 4954 2069 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 IT is a number i\n-0002b600: 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d 330a n the range 0-3.\n-0002b610: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 specifying \n-0002b620: 7768 6963 6820 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 which serial por\n-0002b630: 7420 746f 2075 7365 3b20 6465 6661 756c t to use; defaul\n-0002b640: 7420 6973 2030 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 t is 0, which. \n-0002b650: 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 corresponds t\n-0002b660: 6f20 7468 6520 706f 7274 206f 6674 656e o the port often\n-0002b670: 2063 616c 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 2e0a 0a20 called COM1... \n-0002b680: 2020 2020 504f 5254 2069 7320 7468 6520 PORT is the \n-0002b690: 492f 4f20 706f 7274 2077 6865 7265 2074 I/O port where t\n-0002b6a0: 6865 2055 4152 5420 6973 2074 6f20 6265 he UART is to be\n-0002b6b0: 2066 6f75 6e64 206f 722c 2069 6620 7072 found or, if pr\n-0002b6c0: 6566 6978 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 efixed. with\n-0002b6d0: 20e2 8098 6d6d 696f 2ce2 8099 2c20 7468 ...mmio,..., th\n-0002b6e0: 6520 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f e MMIO address o\n-0002b6f0: 6620 7468 6520 5541 5254 2e20 4966 2073 f the UART. If s\n-0002b700: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 7420 7461 6b65 pecified it take\n-0002b710: 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 s. precedenc\n-0002b720: 6520 6f76 6572 2055 4e49 542e 0a0a 2020 e over UNIT... \n-0002b730: 2020 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c Additionally,\n-0002b740: 2061 6e20 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 an MMIO address\n-0002b750: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7375 6666 6978 6564 can be suffixed\n-0002b760: 2077 6974 683a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 with:. .\n-0002b770: 80a2 20e2 8098 2e62 e280 9920 666f 7220 .. ....b... for \n-0002b780: 6279 7465 7320 6163 6365 7373 2028 6465 bytes access (de\n-0002b790: 6661 756c 7429 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 fault). .\n-0002b7a0: 80a2 20e2 8098 2e77 e280 9920 666f 7220 .. ....w... for \n-0002b7b0: 3136 2d62 6974 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 16-bit word acce\n-0002b7c0: 7373 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ss. ... .\n-0002b7d0: 8098 2e6c e280 9920 666f 7220 3332 2d62 ...l... for 32-b\n-0002b7e0: 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 2061 6363 it long word acc\n-0002b7f0: 6573 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 ess or. .\n-0002b800: 80a2 20e2 8098 2e71 e280 9920 666f 7220 .. ....q... for \n-0002b810: 3634 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 6c6f 6e67 64-bit long long\n-0002b820: 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a0a 2020 word access.. \n-0002b830: 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2050 4f52 5420 6361 Also, PORT ca\n-0002b840: 6e20 6265 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d n be of the form\n-0002b850: 20e2 8098 7063 692c 5858 3a58 582e 58e2 ...pci,XX:XX.X.\n-0002b860: 8099 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2061 .. to indicate a\n-0002b870: 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 serial. dev\n-0002b880: 6963 6520 6578 706f 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 ice exposed on t\n-0002b890: 6865 2050 4349 2062 7573 2e0a 0a20 2020 he PCI bus... \n-0002b8a0: 2020 5350 4545 4420 6973 2074 6865 2074 SPEED is the t\n-0002b8b0: 7261 6e73 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 7370 6565 ransmission spee\n-0002b8c0: 643b 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3936 d; default is 96\n-0002b8d0: 3030 2e20 2057 4f52 4420 616e 6420 5354 00. WORD and ST\n-0002b8e0: 4f50 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 7468 6520 OP. are the \n-0002b8f0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6461 7461 2062 number of data b\n-0002b900: 6974 7320 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 its and stop bit\n-0002b910: 732e 2020 4461 7461 2062 6974 7320 6d75 s. Data bits mu\n-0002b920: 7374 2062 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 st be in. th\n-0002b930: 6520 7261 6e67 6520 352d 3820 616e 6420 e range 5-8 and \n-0002b940: 7374 6f70 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 stop bits must b\n-0002b950: 6520 3120 6f72 2032 2e20 2044 6566 6175 e 1 or 2. Defau\n-0002b960: 6c74 2069 7320 3820 6461 7461 2062 6974 lt is 8 data bit\n-0002b970: 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 2073 s. and one s\n-0002b980: 746f 7020 6269 742e 2020 5041 5249 5459 top bit. PARITY\n-0002b990: 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 6e6f is one of ...no\n-0002b9a0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 6f64 64e2 8099 2c20 ..., ...odd..., \n-0002b9b0: e280 9865 7665 6ee2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 ...even... and. \n-0002b9c0: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 defaults to \n-0002b9d0: e280 986e 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ...no...... \n-0002b9e0: 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 The serial port \n-0002b9f0: 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 is not used as a\n-0002ba00: 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 communication c\n-0002ba10: 6861 6e6e 656c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 hannel unless th\n-0002ba20: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e e. ...termin\n-0002ba30: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 al_input... or .\n-0002ba40: 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 ..terminal_outpu\n-0002ba50: 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 t... command is \n-0002ba60: 7573 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 used (*note. \n-0002ba70: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a terminal_input:\n-0002ba80: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 :, *note termina\n-0002ba90: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 l_output::)... \n-0002baa0: 2020 204e 6f74 652c 2076 616c 6964 2050 Note, valid P\n-0002bab0: 4f52 5420 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 6578 636c ORT values, excl\n-0002bac0: 7564 696e 6720 494f 2070 6f72 7420 6164 uding IO port ad\n-0002bad0: 6472 6573 7365 732c 2063 616e 2062 6520 dresses, can be \n-0002bae0: 666f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 6c69 found. by li\n-0002baf0: 7374 696e 6720 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 sting terminals \n-0002bb00: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c with ...terminal\n-0002bb10: 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2c20 7365 6c65 _output..., sele\n-0002bb20: 6374 696e 6720 616c 6c20 6e61 6d65 730a cting all names.\n-0002bb30: 2020 2020 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 prefixed by\n-0002bb40: 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5fe2 8099 2061 ...serial_... a\n-0002bb50: 6e64 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 7468 6174 nd removing that\n-0002bb60: 2070 7265 6669 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 prefix... E\n-0002bb70: 7861 6d70 6c65 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 xamples:. \n-0002bb80: 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 serial --port\n-0002bb90: 3d30 7833 6638 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 =0x3f8 --speed=9\n-0002bba0: 3630 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 600. se\n-0002bbb0: 7269 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 6d6d 696f rial --port=mmio\n-0002bbc0: 2c66 6566 6230 3030 302e 6c20 2d2d 7370 ,fefb0000.l --sp\n-0002bbd0: 6565 643d 3131 3532 3030 0a20 2020 2020 eed=115200. \n-0002bbe0: 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f serial --po\n-0002bbf0: 7274 3d70 6369 2c30 303a 3136 2e33 202d rt=pci,00:16.3 -\n-0002bc00: 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 300a 0a20 -speed=115200.. \n-0002bc10: 2020 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f See also *no\n-0002bc20: 7465 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e te Serial termin\n-0002bc30: 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 al::.....File: g\n-0002bc40: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002bc50: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c terminal_input,\n-0002bc60: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c Next: terminal\n-0002bc70: 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _output, Prev: \n-0002bc80: 7365 7269 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e serial, Up: Gen\n-0002bc90: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 eral commands..1\n-0002bca0: 372e 332e 3220 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 7.3.2 terminal_i\n-0002bcb0: 6e70 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nput.-----------\n-0002bcc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002bcd0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 Command: termina\n-0002bce0: 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e l_input [--appen\n-0002bcf0: 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 d|--remove] [ter\n-0002bd00: 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 minal1] [termina\n-0002bd10: 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e l2]. ..\n-0002bd20: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 .. List or s\n-0002bd30: 656c 6563 7420 616e 2069 6e70 7574 2074 elect an input t\n-0002bd40: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 erminal... W\n-0002bd50: 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ith no arguments\n-0002bd60: 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 , list the activ\n-0002bd70: 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 e and available \n-0002bd80: 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e input terminals.\n-0002bd90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d .. With ...-\n-0002bda0: 2d61 7070 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 -append..., add \n-0002bdb0: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e the named termin\n-0002bdc0: 616c 7320 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 als to the list \n-0002bdd0: 6f66 2061 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 2069 of active. i\n-0002bde0: 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 nput terminals; \n-0002bdf0: 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206d 6179 any of these may\n-0002be00: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 be used to prov\n-0002be10: 6964 6520 696e 7075 7420 746f 2047 5255 ide input to GRU\n-0002be20: 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 B... With ..\n-0002be30: 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 .--remove..., re\n-0002be40: 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 move the named t\n-0002be50: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 erminals from th\n-0002be60: 6520 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a e active list...\n-0002be70: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 With no opt\n-0002be80: 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 ions but a list \n-0002be90: 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 of terminal name\n-0002bea0: 732c 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 s, make only the\n-0002beb0: 206c 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 listed. ter\n-0002bec0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 minal names acti\n-0002bed0: 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ve.....File: gru\n-0002bee0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 b.info, Node: t\n-0002bef0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 erminal_output, \n-0002bf00: 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c Next: terminfo,\n-0002bf10: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c Prev: terminal\n-0002bf20: 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e _input, Up: Gen\n-0002bf30: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 eral commands..1\n-0002bf40: 372e 332e 3320 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7.3.3 terminal_o\n-0002bf50: 7574 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d utput.----------\n-0002bf60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002bf70: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 - Command: termi\n-0002bf80: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 nal_output [--ap\n-0002bf90: 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b pend|--remove] [\n-0002bfa0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d terminal1] [term\n-0002bfb0: 696e 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 inal2]. \n-0002bfc0: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f .... List o\n-0002bfd0: 7220 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 6f75 7470 r select an outp\n-0002bfe0: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 ut terminal... \n-0002bff0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d With no argum\n-0002c000: 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 ents, list the a\n-0002c010: 6374 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 ctive and availa\n-0002c020: 626c 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 ble output termi\n-0002c030: 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 nals... With\n-0002c040: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 992c ...--append...,\n-0002c050: 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 add the named t\n-0002c060: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 erminals to the \n-0002c070: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 0a20 list of active. \n-0002c080: 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 output termi\n-0002c090: 6e61 6c73 3b20 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 nals; all of the\n-0002c0a0: 7365 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6365 6976 6520 se will receive \n-0002c0b0: 6f75 7470 7574 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 output from GRUB\n-0002c0c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 ... With ...\n-0002c0d0: 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 992c 2072 656d --remove..., rem\n-0002c0e0: 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 ove the named te\n-0002c0f0: 726d 696e 616c 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 rminals from the\n-0002c100: 2061 6374 6976 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 active list... \n-0002c110: 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 With no opti\n-0002c120: 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6120 6c69 7374 206f ons but a list o\n-0002c130: 6620 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 f terminal names\n-0002c140: 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 , make only the \n-0002c150: 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d listed. term\n-0002c160: 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2061 6374 6976 inal names activ\n-0002c170: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-0002c180: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 .info, Node: te\n-0002c190: 726d 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 rminfo, Prev: t\n-0002c1a0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 erminal_output, \n-0002c1b0: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d Up: General com\n-0002c1c0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3420 7465 mands..17.3.4 te\n-0002c1d0: 726d 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rminfo.---------\n-0002c1e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002c1f0: 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 5b2d and: terminfo [-\n-0002c200: 617c 2d75 7c2d 765d 205b 2d67 2057 7848 a|-u|-v] [-g WxH\n-0002c210: 5d20 5b74 6572 6d5d 205b 7479 7065 5d0a ] [term] [type].\n-0002c220: 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7468 6520 Define the \n-0002c230: 6361 7061 6269 6c69 7469 6573 206f 6620 capabilities of \n-0002c240: 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6279 your terminal by\n-0002c250: 2067 6976 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 giving the name\n-0002c260: 206f 6620 616e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 of an. entr\n-0002c270: 7920 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 y in the terminf\n-0002c280: 6f20 6461 7461 6261 7365 2c20 7768 6963 o database, whic\n-0002c290: 6820 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f72 7265 7370 h should corresp\n-0002c2a0: 6f6e 6420 726f 7567 686c 7920 746f 0a20 ond roughly to. \n-0002c2b0: 2020 2020 6120 e280 9854 4552 4de2 8099 a ...TERM...\n-0002c2c0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0002c2d0: 6961 626c 6520 696e 2055 6e69 782e 0a0a iable in Unix...\n-0002c2e0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 The current\n-0002c2f0: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6572 ly available ter\n-0002c300: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 minal types are \n-0002c310: e280 9876 7431 3030 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ...vt100..., ...\n-0002c320: 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 2c0a vt100-color...,.\n-0002c330: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 ...ieee1275\n-0002c340: e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 ..., and ...dumb\n-0002c350: e280 992e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 .... If you nee\n-0002c360: 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c d other terminal\n-0002c370: 2074 7970 6573 2c20 706c 6561 7365 0a20 types, please. \n-0002c380: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6163 7420 7573 2074 contact us t\n-0002c390: 6f20 6469 7363 7573 7320 7468 6520 6265 o discuss the be\n-0002c3a0: 7374 2077 6179 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 st way to includ\n-0002c3b0: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 7468 e support for th\n-0002c3c0: 6573 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 ese in. GRUB\n-0002c3d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n-0002c3e0: 61e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d61 7363 6969 a... (...--ascii\n-0002c3f0: e280 9929 2c20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 2028 ...), ...-u... (\n-0002c400: e280 982d 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 292c 2061 ...--utf8...), a\n-0002c410: 6e64 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 28e2 8098 nd ...-v... (...\n-0002c420: 2d2d 7669 7375 616c 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 --visual-utf8...\n-0002c430: 290a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2063 ). options c\n-0002c440: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2068 6f77 206e 6f6e 2d41 ontrol how non-A\n-0002c450: 5343 4949 2074 6578 7420 6973 2064 6973 SCII text is dis\n-0002c460: 706c 6179 6564 2e20 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 played. ...-a..\n-0002c470: 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 616e 0a20 . specifies an. \n-0002c480: 2020 2020 4153 4349 492d 6f6e 6c79 2074 ASCII-only t\n-0002c490: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 erminal; ...-u..\n-0002c4a0: 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 6c6f 6769 . specifies logi\n-0002c4b0: 6361 6c6c 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 cally-ordered UT\n-0002c4c0: 462d 383b 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 F-8; and. ..\n-0002c4d0: 982d 76e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 .-v... specifies\n-0002c4e0: 2022 7669 7375 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 \"visually-order\n-0002c4f0: 6564 2055 5446 2d38 2220 2869 6e20 6f74 ed UTF-8\" (in ot\n-0002c500: 6865 7220 776f 7264 732c 2061 7272 616e her words, arran\n-0002c510: 6765 640a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 7468 ged. such th\n-0002c520: 6174 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d at a terminal em\n-0002c530: 756c 6174 6f72 2077 6974 686f 7574 2062 ulator without b\n-0002c540: 6964 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6578 idirectional tex\n-0002c550: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 740a 2020 2020 2077 t support. w\n-0002c560: 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7269 6768 ill display righ\n-0002c570: 742d 746f 2d6c 6566 7420 7465 7874 2069 t-to-left text i\n-0002c580: 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 206f 7264 n the proper ord\n-0002c590: 6572 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a er; this is not.\n-0002c5a0: 2020 2020 2072 6561 6c6c 7920 7072 6f70 really prop\n-0002c5b0: 6572 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6275 7420 6120 er UTF-8, but a \n-0002c5c0: 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 292e 0a0a 2020 workaround)... \n-0002c5d0: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d67 e280 9920 The ...-g... \n-0002c5e0: 28e2 8098 2d2d 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 e280 (...--geometry..\n-0002c5f0: 9929 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 .) can be used t\n-0002c600: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7465 726d 696e o specify termin\n-0002c610: 616c 2067 656f 6d65 7472 792e 0a0a 2020 al geometry... \n-0002c620: 2020 2049 6620 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If no option \n-0002c630: 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 or terminal type\n-0002c640: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 is specified, t\n-0002c650: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2074 6572 6d69 he current termi\n-0002c660: 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 7970 6520 6973 nal. type is\n-0002c670: 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c printed.....Fil\n-0002c680: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002c690: 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ode: Command-lin\n-0002c6a0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 e commands, Nex\n-0002c6b0: 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f t: Networking co\n-0002c6c0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 mmands, Prev: G\n-0002c6d0: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c eneral commands,\n-0002c6e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a Up: Commands..\n-0002c6f0: 3137 2e34 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 17.4 Command-lin\n-0002c700: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d e commands.=====\n+0002b3c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 =====..Commands \n+0002b3d0: 7573 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 usable anywhere \n+0002b3e0: 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 in the menu and \n+0002b3f0: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c in the command-l\n+0002b400: 696e 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ine...* Menu:..*\n+0002b410: 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 serial:: \n+0002b420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n+0002b430: 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 et up a serial d\n+0002b440: 6576 6963 650a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c evice.* terminal\n+0002b450: 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _input:: \n+0002b460: 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 Manage inp\n+0002b470: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 ut terminals.* t\n+0002b480: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a erminal_output::\n+0002b490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e Man\n+0002b4a0: 6167 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 age output termi\n+0002b4b0: 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a nals.* terminfo:\n+0002b4c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002b4d0: 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7465 726d Define term\n+0002b4e0: 696e 616c 2074 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c inal type....Fil\n+0002b4f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002b500: 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 ode: serial, Ne\n+0002b510: 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 xt: terminal_inp\n+0002b520: 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c ut, Up: General\n+0002b530: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e commands..17.3.\n+0002b540: 3120 7365 7269 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1 serial.-------\n+0002b550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002b560: 616e 643a 2073 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 and: serial [--u\n+0002b570: 6e69 743d 756e 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 nit=unit] [--por\n+0002b580: 743d 706f 7274 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 t=port] [--speed\n+0002b590: 3d73 7065 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 =speed]. \n+0002b5a0: 2020 5b2d 2d77 6f72 643d 776f 7264 5d20 [--word=word] \n+0002b5b0: 5b2d 2d70 6172 6974 793d 7061 7269 7479 [--parity=parity\n+0002b5c0: 5d20 5b2d 2d73 746f 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a ] [--stop=stop].\n+0002b5d0: 2020 2020 2049 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 Initialize \n+0002b5e0: 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 652e a serial device.\n+0002b5f0: 2020 554e 4954 2069 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 UNIT is a numb\n+0002b600: 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 er in the range \n+0002b610: 302d 330a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 0-3. specify\n+0002b620: 696e 6720 7768 6963 6820 7365 7269 616c ing which serial\n+0002b630: 2070 6f72 7420 746f 2075 7365 3b20 6465 port to use; de\n+0002b640: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2030 2c20 7768 6963 fault is 0, whic\n+0002b650: 680a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e h. correspon\n+0002b660: 6473 2074 6f20 7468 6520 706f 7274 206f ds to the port o\n+0002b670: 6674 656e 2063 616c 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 ften called COM1\n+0002b680: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 504f 5254 2069 7320 ... PORT is \n+0002b690: 7468 6520 492f 4f20 706f 7274 2077 6865 the I/O port whe\n+0002b6a0: 7265 2074 6865 2055 4152 5420 6973 2074 re the UART is t\n+0002b6b0: 6f20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 206f 722c 2069 o be found or, i\n+0002b6c0: 6620 7072 6566 6978 6564 0a20 2020 2020 f prefixed. \n+0002b6d0: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 6d6d 696f 2ce2 8099 with ...mmio,...\n+0002b6e0: 2c20 7468 6520 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 , the MMIO addre\n+0002b6f0: 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 5541 5254 2e20 ss of the UART. \n+0002b700: 4966 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 7420 If specified it \n+0002b710: 7461 6b65 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 6365 takes. prece\n+0002b720: 6465 6e63 6520 6f76 6572 2055 4e49 542e dence over UNIT.\n+0002b730: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 .. Additiona\n+0002b740: 6c6c 792c 2061 6e20 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 lly, an MMIO add\n+0002b750: 7265 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 7375 6666 ress can be suff\n+0002b760: 6978 6564 2077 6974 683a 0a20 2020 2020 ixed with:. \n+0002b770: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e62 e280 9920 ... ....b... \n+0002b780: 666f 7220 6279 7465 7320 6163 6365 7373 for bytes access\n+0002b790: 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 0a20 2020 2020 (default). \n+0002b7a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e77 e280 9920 ... ....w... \n+0002b7b0: 666f 7220 3136 2d62 6974 2077 6f72 6420 for 16-bit word \n+0002b7c0: 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 access. .\n+0002b7d0: 80a2 20e2 8098 2e6c e280 9920 666f 7220 .. ....l... for \n+0002b7e0: 3332 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 32-bit long word\n+0002b7f0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 access or. \n+0002b800: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e71 e280 9920 ... ....q... \n+0002b810: 666f 7220 3634 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 for 64-bit long \n+0002b820: 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 long word access\n+0002b830: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2050 4f52 .. Also, POR\n+0002b840: 5420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6620 7468 6520 T can be of the \n+0002b850: 666f 726d 20e2 8098 7063 692c 5858 3a58 form ...pci,XX:X\n+0002b860: 582e 58e2 8099 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 X.X... to indica\n+0002b870: 7465 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2020 2020 te a serial. \n+0002b880: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6578 706f 7365 6420 device exposed \n+0002b890: 6f6e 2074 6865 2050 4349 2062 7573 2e0a on the PCI bus..\n+0002b8a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5350 4545 4420 6973 2074 . SPEED is t\n+0002b8b0: 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 he transmission \n+0002b8c0: 7370 6565 643b 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 speed; default i\n+0002b8d0: 7320 3936 3030 2e20 2057 4f52 4420 616e s 9600. WORD an\n+0002b8e0: 6420 5354 4f50 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 d STOP. are \n+0002b8f0: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6461 the number of da\n+0002b900: 7461 2062 6974 7320 616e 6420 7374 6f70 ta bits and stop\n+0002b910: 2062 6974 732e 2020 4461 7461 2062 6974 bits. Data bit\n+0002b920: 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 696e 0a20 2020 s must be in. \n+0002b930: 2020 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 352d 3820 the range 5-8 \n+0002b940: 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 7320 6d75 and stop bits mu\n+0002b950: 7374 2062 6520 3120 6f72 2032 2e20 2044 st be 1 or 2. D\n+0002b960: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3820 6461 7461 efault is 8 data\n+0002b970: 2062 6974 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f bits. and o\n+0002b980: 6e65 2073 746f 7020 6269 742e 2020 5041 ne stop bit. PA\n+0002b990: 5249 5459 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 20e2 RITY is one of .\n+0002b9a0: 8098 6e6f e280 992c 20e2 8098 6f64 64e2 ..no..., ...odd.\n+0002b9b0: 8099 2c20 e280 9865 7665 6ee2 8099 2061 .., ...even... a\n+0002b9c0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7473 nd. defaults\n+0002b9d0: 2074 6f20 e280 986e 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 to ...no...... \n+0002b9e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2070 The serial p\n+0002b9f0: 6f72 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 ort is not used \n+0002ba00: 6173 2061 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 as a communicati\n+0002ba10: 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e 656c 2075 6e6c 6573 on channel unles\n+0002ba20: 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7465 s the. ...te\n+0002ba30: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 rminal_input... \n+0002ba40: 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f or ...terminal_o\n+0002ba50: 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 utput... command\n+0002ba60: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a is used (*note.\n+0002ba70: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e terminal_in\n+0002ba80: 7075 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 put::, *note ter\n+0002ba90: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 292e minal_output::).\n+0002baa0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 652c 2076 616c .. Note, val\n+0002bab0: 6964 2050 4f52 5420 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 id PORT values, \n+0002bac0: 6578 636c 7564 696e 6720 494f 2070 6f72 excluding IO por\n+0002bad0: 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 732c 2063 616e t addresses, can\n+0002bae0: 2062 6520 666f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2062 be found. b\n+0002baf0: 7920 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7465 726d 696e y listing termin\n+0002bb00: 616c 7320 7769 7468 20e2 8098 7465 726d als with ...term\n+0002bb10: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2c20 inal_output..., \n+0002bb20: 7365 6c65 6374 696e 6720 616c 6c20 6e61 selecting all na\n+0002bb30: 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 6669 7865 mes. prefixe\n+0002bb40: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5fe2 d by ...serial_.\n+0002bb50: 8099 2061 6e64 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 .. and removing \n+0002bb60: 7468 6174 2070 7265 6669 782e 0a0a 2020 that prefix... \n+0002bb70: 2020 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 733a 0a20 2020 Examples:. \n+0002bb80: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d serial --\n+0002bb90: 706f 7274 3d30 7833 6638 202d 2d73 7065 port=0x3f8 --spe\n+0002bba0: 6564 3d39 3630 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed=9600. \n+0002bbb0: 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d serial --port=\n+0002bbc0: 6d6d 696f 2c66 6566 6230 3030 302e 6c20 mmio,fefb0000.l \n+0002bbd0: 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3131 3532 3030 0a20 --speed=115200. \n+0002bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 serial \n+0002bbf0: 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 6369 2c30 303a 3136 --port=pci,00:16\n+0002bc00: 2e33 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 .3 --speed=11520\n+0002bc10: 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 0.. See also\n+0002bc20: 202a 6e6f 7465 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 *note Serial te\n+0002bc30: 726d 696e 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c rminal::.....Fil\n+0002bc40: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002bc50: 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e ode: terminal_in\n+0002bc60: 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d put, Next: term\n+0002bc70: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 5072 inal_output, Pr\n+0002bc80: 6576 3a20 7365 7269 616c 2c20 2055 703a ev: serial, Up:\n+0002bc90: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n+0002bca0: 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3220 7465 726d 696e s..17.3.2 termin\n+0002bcb0: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al_input.-------\n+0002bcc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002bcd0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 -- Command: ter\n+0002bce0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 minal_input [--a\n+0002bcf0: 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 ppend|--remove] \n+0002bd00: 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 [terminal1] [ter\n+0002bd10: 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 minal2]. \n+0002bd20: 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 .... List \n+0002bd30: 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 2069 6e70 or select an inp\n+0002bd40: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 ut terminal... \n+0002bd50: 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d With no argum\n+0002bd60: 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 ents, list the a\n+0002bd70: 6374 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 ctive and availa\n+0002bd80: 626c 6520 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e ble input termin\n+0002bd90: 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 als... With \n+0002bda0: e280 982d 2d61 7070 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 ...--append..., \n+0002bdb0: 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 add the named te\n+0002bdc0: 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f 2074 6865 206c rminals to the l\n+0002bdd0: 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 6976 650a 2020 ist of active. \n+0002bde0: 2020 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 input termina\n+0002bdf0: 6c73 3b20 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 7365 ls; any of these\n+0002be00: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 may be used to \n+0002be10: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 696e 7075 7420 746f provide input to\n+0002be20: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 GRUB... Wit\n+0002be30: 6820 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 h ...--remove...\n+0002be40: 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d , remove the nam\n+0002be50: 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f ed terminals fro\n+0002be60: 6d20 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 m the active lis\n+0002be70: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f t... With no\n+0002be80: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c options but a l\n+0002be90: 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ist of terminal \n+0002bea0: 6e61 6d65 732c 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 names, make only\n+0002beb0: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 the listed. \n+0002bec0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 terminal names \n+0002bed0: 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a active.....File:\n+0002bee0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002bef0: 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 e: terminal_outp\n+0002bf00: 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 ut, Next: termi\n+0002bf10: 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 726d nfo, Prev: term\n+0002bf20: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a inal_input, Up:\n+0002bf30: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n+0002bf40: 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3320 7465 726d 696e s..17.3.3 termin\n+0002bf50: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al_output.------\n+0002bf60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002bf70: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 .. -- Command: t\n+0002bf80: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 205b erminal_output [\n+0002bf90: 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 --append|--remov\n+0002bfa0: 655d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b e] [terminal1] [\n+0002bfb0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 terminal2]. \n+0002bfc0: 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 .... Li\n+0002bfd0: 7374 206f 7220 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 st or select an \n+0002bfe0: 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e output terminal.\n+0002bff0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 .. With no a\n+0002c000: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 rguments, list t\n+0002c010: 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 he active and av\n+0002c020: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 ailable output t\n+0002c030: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 erminals... \n+0002c040: 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 With ...--append\n+0002c050: e280 992c 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d ..., add the nam\n+0002c060: 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 ed terminals to \n+0002c070: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 the list of acti\n+0002c080: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2074 ve. output t\n+0002c090: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616c 6c20 6f66 erminals; all of\n+0002c0a0: 2074 6865 7365 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6365 these will rece\n+0002c0b0: 6976 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2066 726f 6d20 ive output from \n+0002c0c0: 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 GRUB... With\n+0002c0d0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 992c ...--remove...,\n+0002c0e0: 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 remove the name\n+0002c0f0: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 6672 6f6d d terminals from\n+0002c100: 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 6c69 7374 the active list\n+0002c110: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 ... With no \n+0002c120: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6120 6c69 options but a li\n+0002c130: 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e st of terminal n\n+0002c140: 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 ames, make only \n+0002c150: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 the listed. \n+0002c160: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2061 terminal names a\n+0002c170: 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ctive.....File: \n+0002c180: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002c190: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 : terminfo, Pre\n+0002c1a0: 763a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 v: terminal_outp\n+0002c1b0: 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c ut, Up: General\n+0002c1c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e commands..17.3.\n+0002c1d0: 3420 7465 726d 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 terminfo.-----\n+0002c1e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002c1f0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 Command: terminf\n+0002c200: 6f20 5b2d 617c 2d75 7c2d 765d 205b 2d67 o [-a|-u|-v] [-g\n+0002c210: 2057 7848 5d20 5b74 6572 6d5d 205b 7479 WxH] [term] [ty\n+0002c220: 7065 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 pe]. Define \n+0002c230: 7468 6520 6361 7061 6269 6c69 7469 6573 the capabilities\n+0002c240: 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 of your termina\n+0002c250: 6c20 6279 2067 6976 696e 6720 7468 6520 l by giving the \n+0002c260: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 616e 0a20 2020 2020 name of an. \n+0002c270: 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 entry in the ter\n+0002c280: 6d69 6e66 6f20 6461 7461 6261 7365 2c20 minfo database, \n+0002c290: 7768 6963 6820 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f72 which should cor\n+0002c2a0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 726f 7567 686c 7920 respond roughly \n+0002c2b0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6120 e280 9854 4552 to. a ...TER\n+0002c2c0: 4de2 8099 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 M... environment\n+0002c2d0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 696e 2055 6e69 variable in Uni\n+0002c2e0: 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 7572 x... The cur\n+0002c2f0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 rently available\n+0002c300: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 7320 terminal types \n+0002c310: 6172 6520 e280 9876 7431 3030 e280 992c are ...vt100...,\n+0002c320: 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 ...vt100-color.\n+0002c330: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 ..,. ...ieee\n+0002c340: 3132 3735 e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 1275..., and ...\n+0002c350: 6475 6d62 e280 992e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 dumb.... If you\n+0002c360: 206e 6565 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7465 726d need other term\n+0002c370: 696e 616c 2074 7970 6573 2c20 706c 6561 inal types, plea\n+0002c380: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6163 7420 se. contact \n+0002c390: 7573 2074 6f20 6469 7363 7573 7320 7468 us to discuss th\n+0002c3a0: 6520 6265 7374 2077 6179 2074 6f20 696e e best way to in\n+0002c3b0: 636c 7564 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f clude support fo\n+0002c3c0: 7220 7468 6573 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 r these in. \n+0002c3d0: 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 GRUB... The \n+0002c3e0: e280 982d 61e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d61 ...-a... (...--a\n+0002c3f0: 7363 6969 e280 9929 2c20 e280 982d 75e2 scii...), ...-u.\n+0002c400: 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 .. (...--utf8...\n+0002c410: 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 ), and ...-v... \n+0002c420: 28e2 8098 2d2d 7669 7375 616c 2d75 7466 (...--visual-utf\n+0002c430: 38e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 8...). optio\n+0002c440: 6e73 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2068 6f77 206e ns control how n\n+0002c450: 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2074 6578 7420 6973 on-ASCII text is\n+0002c460: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e20 20e2 8098 displayed. ...\n+0002c470: 2d61 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 -a... specifies \n+0002c480: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 4153 4349 492d 6f6e an. ASCII-on\n+0002c490: 6c79 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b 20e2 8098 ly terminal; ...\n+0002c4a0: 2d75 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 -u... specifies \n+0002c4b0: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c6c 792d 6f72 6465 7265 logically-ordere\n+0002c4c0: 6420 5554 462d 383b 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 d UTF-8; and. \n+0002c4d0: 2020 e280 982d 76e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 ...-v... speci\n+0002c4e0: 6669 6573 2022 7669 7375 616c 6c79 2d6f fies \"visually-o\n+0002c4f0: 7264 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 2220 2869 rdered UTF-8\" (i\n+0002c500: 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 776f 7264 732c 2061 n other words, a\n+0002c510: 7272 616e 6765 640a 2020 2020 2073 7563 rranged. suc\n+0002c520: 6820 7468 6174 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 h that a termina\n+0002c530: 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2077 6974 686f l emulator witho\n+0002c540: 7574 2062 6964 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 616c ut bidirectional\n+0002c550: 2074 6578 7420 7375 7070 6f72 740a 2020 text support. \n+0002c560: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 will display \n+0002c570: 7269 6768 742d 746f 2d6c 6566 7420 7465 right-to-left te\n+0002c580: 7874 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 xt in the proper\n+0002c590: 206f 7264 6572 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 order; this is \n+0002c5a0: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2072 6561 6c6c 7920 not. really \n+0002c5b0: 7072 6f70 6572 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6275 proper UTF-8, bu\n+0002c5c0: 7420 6120 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 292e t a workaround).\n+0002c5d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d67 .. The ...-g\n+0002c5e0: e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 6765 6f6d 6574 ... (...--geomet\n+0002c5f0: 7279 e280 9929 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 ry...) can be us\n+0002c600: 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7465 ed to specify te\n+0002c610: 726d 696e 616c 2067 656f 6d65 7472 792e rminal geometry.\n+0002c620: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6e6f 206f 7074 .. If no opt\n+0002c630: 696f 6e20 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ion or terminal \n+0002c640: 7479 7065 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 type is specifie\n+0002c650: 642c 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2074 d, the current t\n+0002c660: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 7970 erminal. typ\n+0002c670: 6520 6973 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2e0a 0a1f e is printed....\n+0002c680: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002c690: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Node: Command\n+0002c6a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 -line commands, \n+0002c6b0: 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e Next: Networkin\n+0002c6c0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 g commands, Pre\n+0002c6d0: 763a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 v: General comma\n+0002c6e0: 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nds, Up: Comman\n+0002c6f0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds..17.4 Command\n+0002c700: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d -line commands.=\n 0002c710: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002c720: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 2063 6f6d =====..These com\n-0002c730: 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7573 6162 6c65 mands are usable\n-0002c740: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d in the command-\n-0002c750: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 line and in menu\n-0002c760: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2049 660a 796f entries. If.yo\n-0002c770: 7520 666f 7267 6574 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 u forget a comma\n-0002c780: 6e64 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7275 6e20 nd, you can run \n-0002c790: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 the command ...h\n-0002c7a0: 656c 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 elp... (*note he\n-0002c7b0: 6c70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a lp::)...* Menu:.\n-0002c7c0: 0a2a 205b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* [:: \n+0002c720: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 =========..These\n+0002c730: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7573 commands are us\n+0002c740: 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d able in the comm\n+0002c750: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 and-line and in \n+0002c760: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2049 menu entries. I\n+0002c770: 660a 796f 7520 666f 7267 6574 2061 2063 f.you forget a c\n+0002c780: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ommand, you can \n+0002c790: 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 run the command \n+0002c7a0: e280 9868 656c 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...help... (*not\n+0002c7b0: 6520 6865 6c70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 e help::)...* Me\n+0002c7c0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 205b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 nu:..* [:: \n 0002c7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c7e0: 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 Check file type\n-0002c7f0: 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 s and compare va\n-0002c800: 6c75 6573 0a2a 2061 6370 693a 3a20 2020 lues.* acpi:: \n-0002c810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c820: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4143 5049 2074 Load ACPI t\n-0002c830: 6162 6c65 730a 2a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 ables.* authenti\n-0002c840: 6361 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cate:: \n-0002c850: 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 Check whet\n-0002c860: 6865 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 696e 2075 her user is in u\n-0002c870: 7365 7220 6c69 7374 0a2a 2062 6163 6b67 ser list.* backg\n-0002c880: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 723a 3a20 2020 round_color:: \n-0002c890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 Set bac\n-0002c8a0: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f kground color fo\n-0002c8b0: 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 r active termina\n-0002c8c0: 6c0a 2a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 l.* background_i\n-0002c8d0: 6d61 6765 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mage:: \n-0002c8e0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e Load backgroun\n-0002c8f0: 6420 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 6163 7469 d image for acti\n-0002c900: 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2a20 6261 ve terminal.* ba\n-0002c910: 6472 616d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dram:: \n-0002c920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c74 Filt\n-0002c930: 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 2072 6567 696f er out bad regio\n-0002c940: 6e73 206f 6620 5241 4d0a 2a20 626c 6f63 ns of RAM.* bloc\n-0002c950: 6b6c 6973 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 klist:: \n-0002c960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 Print \n-0002c970: 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 0a2a 2062 a block list.* b\n-0002c980: 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot:: \n-0002c990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7461 Sta\n-0002c9a0: 7274 2075 7020 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 rt up your opera\n-0002c9b0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2a20 6361 ting system.* ca\n-0002c9c0: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-0002c9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 6f77 Show\n-0002c9e0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n-0002c9f0: 2061 2066 696c 650a 2a20 636c 6561 723a a file.* clear:\n-0002ca00: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002ca10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 Clear th\n-0002ca20: 6520 7363 7265 656e 0a2a 2063 6d6f 7363 e screen.* cmosc\n-0002ca30: 6c65 616e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lean:: \n-0002ca40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2062 Clear b\n-0002ca50: 6974 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 0a2a 2063 6d6f it in CMOS.* cmo\n-0002ca60: 7364 756d 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sdump:: \n-0002ca70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 756d 7020 Dump \n-0002ca80: 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 730a 2a20 CMOS contents.* \n-0002ca90: 636d 6f73 7465 7374 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 cmostest:: \n-0002caa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5465 Te\n-0002cab0: 7374 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 0a2a st bit in CMOS.*\n-0002cac0: 2063 6d70 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cmp:: \n-0002cad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n-0002cae0: 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 776f 2066 696c 6573 ompare two files\n-0002caf0: 0a2a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a20 .* configfile:: \n-0002cb00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cb10: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Load a configur\n-0002cb20: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2063 7075 ation file.* cpu\n-0002cb30: 6964 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id:: \n-0002cb40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b Check\n-0002cb50: 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 for CPU feature\n-0002cb60: 730a 2a20 6372 633a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 s.* crc:: \n+0002c7e0: 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 Check file \n+0002c7f0: 7479 7065 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 types and compar\n+0002c800: 6520 7661 6c75 6573 0a2a 2061 6370 693a e values.* acpi:\n+0002c810: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002c820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4143 Load AC\n+0002c830: 5049 2074 6162 6c65 730a 2a20 6175 7468 PI tables.* auth\n+0002c840: 656e 7469 6361 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 enticate:: \n+0002c850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 Check \n+0002c860: 7768 6574 6865 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 whether user is \n+0002c870: 696e 2075 7365 7220 6c69 7374 0a2a 2062 in user list.* b\n+0002c880: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 723a ackground_color:\n+0002c890: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 : Set\n+0002c8a0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f background colo\n+0002c8b0: 7220 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 r for active ter\n+0002c8c0: 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 minal.* backgrou\n+0002c8d0: 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 nd_image:: \n+0002c8e0: 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 6163 6b67 Load backg\n+0002c8f0: 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 round image for \n+0002c900: 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a active terminal.\n+0002c910: 2a20 6261 6472 616d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * badram:: \n+0002c920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002c930: 4669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 2072 Filter out bad r\n+0002c940: 6567 696f 6e73 206f 6620 5241 4d0a 2a20 egions of RAM.* \n+0002c950: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 743a 3a20 2020 2020 blocklist:: \n+0002c960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 Pr\n+0002c970: 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 int a block list\n+0002c980: 0a2a 2062 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* boot:: \n+0002c990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002c9a0: 2053 7461 7274 2075 7020 796f 7572 206f Start up your o\n+0002c9b0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a perating system.\n+0002c9c0: 2a20 6361 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * cat:: \n+0002c9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002c9e0: 5368 6f77 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 Show the content\n+0002c9f0: 7320 6f66 2061 2066 696c 650a 2a20 636c s of a file.* cl\n+0002ca00: 6561 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ear:: \n+0002ca10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436c 6561 Clea\n+0002ca20: 7220 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 0a2a 2063 r the screen.* c\n+0002ca30: 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 mosclean:: \n+0002ca40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6c65 Cle\n+0002ca50: 6172 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 0a2a ar bit in CMOS.*\n+0002ca60: 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 703a 3a20 2020 2020 cmosdump:: \n+0002ca70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n+0002ca80: 756d 7020 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 ump CMOS content\n+0002ca90: 730a 2a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 3a3a 2020 s.* cmostest:: \n+0002caa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cab0: 2020 5465 7374 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d Test bit in CM\n+0002cac0: 4f53 0a2a 2063 6d70 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 OS.* cmp:: \n+0002cad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cae0: 2020 2043 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 776f 2066 Compare two f\n+0002caf0: 696c 6573 0a2a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c iles.* configfil\n+0002cb00: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n+0002cb10: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 636f 6e66 Load a conf\n+0002cb20: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a iguration file.*\n+0002cb30: 2063 7075 6964 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 cpuid:: \n+0002cb40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n+0002cb50: 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 heck for CPU fea\n+0002cb60: 7475 7265 730a 2a20 6372 633a 3a20 2020 tures.* crc:: \n 0002cb70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cb80: 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 Compute or che\n-0002cb90: 636b 2043 5243 3332 2063 6865 636b 7375 ck CRC32 checksu\n-0002cba0: 6d73 0a2a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 ms.* cryptomount\n-0002cbb0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002cbc0: 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 2063 7279 7074 Mount a crypt\n-0002cbd0: 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a2a 2063 7574 6d65 o device.* cutme\n-0002cbe0: 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m:: \n-0002cbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 Remove \n-0002cc00: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 0a2a memory regions.*\n-0002cc10: 2064 6174 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 date:: \n-0002cc20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n-0002cc30: 6973 706c 6179 206f 7220 7365 7420 6375 isplay or set cu\n-0002cc40: 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 rrent date and t\n-0002cc50: 696d 650a 2a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 ime.* devicetree\n-0002cc60: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002cc70: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2064 6576 6963 Load a devic\n-0002cc80: 6520 7472 6565 2062 6c6f 620a 2a20 6469 e tree blob.* di\n-0002cc90: 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 strust:: \n-0002cca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f Remo\n-0002ccb0: 7665 2061 2070 7562 6b65 7920 6672 6f6d ve a pubkey from\n-0002ccc0: 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 trusted keys.* \n-0002ccd0: 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 drivemap:: \n-0002cce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 Ma\n-0002ccf0: 7020 6120 6472 6976 6520 746f 2061 6e6f p a drive to ano\n-0002cd00: 7468 6572 0a2a 2065 6368 6f3a 3a20 2020 ther.* echo:: \n-0002cd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cd20: 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2061 206c Display a l\n-0002cd30: 696e 6520 6f66 2074 6578 740a 2a20 6566 ine of text.* ef\n-0002cd40: 6974 6578 746d 6f64 653a 3a20 2020 2020 itextmode:: \n-0002cd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 742f Set/\n-0002cd60: 4765 7420 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 7420 Get text output \n-0002cd70: 6d6f 6465 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e0a mode resolution.\n-0002cd80: 2a20 6576 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * eval:: \n+0002cb80: 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 Compute or\n+0002cb90: 2063 6865 636b 2043 5243 3332 2063 6865 check CRC32 che\n+0002cba0: 636b 7375 6d73 0a2a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d cksums.* cryptom\n+0002cbb0: 6f75 6e74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ount:: \n+0002cbc0: 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 2063 Mount a c\n+0002cbd0: 7279 7074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a2a 2063 rypto device.* c\n+0002cbe0: 7574 6d65 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 utmem:: \n+0002cbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d Rem\n+0002cc00: 6f76 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f ove memory regio\n+0002cc10: 6e73 0a2a 2064 6174 653a 3a20 2020 2020 ns.* date:: \n+0002cc20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cc30: 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 206f 7220 7365 Display or se\n+0002cc40: 7420 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 t current date a\n+0002cc50: 6e64 2074 696d 650a 2a20 6465 7669 6365 nd time.* device\n+0002cc60: 7472 6565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tree:: \n+0002cc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2064 Load a d\n+0002cc80: 6576 6963 6520 7472 6565 2062 6c6f 620a evice tree blob.\n+0002cc90: 2a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2020 2020 * distrust:: \n+0002cca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002ccb0: 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 2070 7562 6b65 7920 Remove a pubkey \n+0002ccc0: 6672 6f6d 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 from trusted key\n+0002ccd0: 730a 2a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 2020 s.* drivemap:: \n+0002cce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002ccf0: 2020 4d61 7020 6120 6472 6976 6520 746f Map a drive to\n+0002cd00: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a2a 2065 6368 6f3a another.* echo:\n+0002cd10: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002cd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 Display\n+0002cd30: 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2074 6578 740a a line of text.\n+0002cd40: 2a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 653a 3a20 * efitextmode:: \n+0002cd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cd60: 5365 742f 4765 7420 7465 7874 206f 7574 Set/Get text out\n+0002cd70: 7075 7420 6d6f 6465 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 put mode resolut\n+0002cd80: 696f 6e0a 2a20 6576 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 ion.* eval:: \n 0002cd90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cda0: 4576 616c 7561 7465 2061 6772 756d 656e Evaluate agrumen\n-0002cdb0: 7473 2061 7320 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 ts as GRUB comma\n-0002cdc0: 6e64 730a 2a20 6578 706f 7274 3a3a 2020 nds.* export:: \n-0002cdd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cde0: 2020 2020 4578 706f 7274 2061 6e20 656e Export an en\n-0002cdf0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0002ce00: 6c65 0a2a 2066 616c 7365 3a3a 2020 2020 le.* false:: \n+0002cda0: 2020 2020 4576 616c 7561 7465 2061 6772 Evaluate agr\n+0002cdb0: 756d 656e 7473 2061 7320 4752 5542 2063 uments as GRUB c\n+0002cdc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a20 6578 706f 7274 ommands.* export\n+0002cdd0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002cde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4578 706f 7274 2061 Export a\n+0002cdf0: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n+0002ce00: 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2066 616c 7365 3a3a riable.* false::\n 0002ce10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002ce20: 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2075 Do nothing, u\n-0002ce30: 6e73 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 790a 2a20 nsuccessfully.* \n-0002ce40: 6677 7365 7475 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 fwsetup:: \n-0002ce50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n-0002ce60: 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6669 boot into the fi\n-0002ce70: 726d 7761 7265 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e rmware setup men\n-0002ce80: 750a 2a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 u.* gdbinfo:: \n-0002ce90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cea0: 2020 5072 6f76 6964 6520 696e 666f 2066 Provide info f\n-0002ceb0: 6f72 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2077 6974 or debugging wit\n-0002cec0: 6820 4744 420a 2a20 6765 7474 6578 743a h GDB.* gettext:\n-0002ced0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002cee0: 2020 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 Translate \n-0002cef0: 6120 7374 7269 6e67 0a2a 2067 7074 7379 a string.* gptsy\n-0002cf00: 6e63 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nc:: \n-0002cf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 696c 6c20 616e Fill an\n-0002cf20: 204d 4252 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 4750 MBR based on GP\n-0002cf30: 5420 656e 7472 6965 730a 2a20 6861 6c74 T entries.* halt\n-0002cf40: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002cf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 7574 2064 Shut d\n-0002cf60: 6f77 6e20 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 own your compute\n-0002cf70: 720a 2a20 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 r.* hashsum:: \n-0002cf80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cf90: 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 Compute or che\n-0002cfa0: 636b 2068 6173 6820 6368 6563 6b73 756d ck hash checksum\n-0002cfb0: 0a2a 2068 656c 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* help:: \n+0002ce20: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e Do nothin\n+0002ce30: 672c 2075 6e73 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c g, unsuccessfull\n+0002ce40: 790a 2a20 6677 7365 7475 703a 3a20 2020 y.* fwsetup:: \n+0002ce50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002ce60: 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 Reboot into th\n+0002ce70: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 6574 7570 e firmware setup\n+0002ce80: 206d 656e 750a 2a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f3a menu.* gdbinfo:\n+0002ce90: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002cea0: 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f76 6964 6520 696e Provide in\n+0002ceb0: 666f 2066 6f72 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 fo for debugging\n+0002cec0: 2077 6974 6820 4744 420a 2a20 6765 7474 with GDB.* gett\n+0002ced0: 6578 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ext:: \n+0002cee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c Transl\n+0002cef0: 6174 6520 6120 7374 7269 6e67 0a2a 2067 ate a string.* g\n+0002cf00: 7074 7379 6e63 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ptsync:: \n+0002cf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 696c Fil\n+0002cf20: 6c20 616e 204d 4252 2062 6173 6564 206f l an MBR based o\n+0002cf30: 6e20 4750 5420 656e 7472 6965 730a 2a20 n GPT entries.* \n+0002cf40: 6861 6c74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 halt:: \n+0002cf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 Sh\n+0002cf60: 7574 2064 6f77 6e20 796f 7572 2063 6f6d ut down your com\n+0002cf70: 7075 7465 720a 2a20 6861 7368 7375 6d3a puter.* hashsum:\n+0002cf80: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002cf90: 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 Compute or\n+0002cfa0: 2063 6865 636b 2068 6173 6820 6368 6563 check hash chec\n+0002cfb0: 6b73 756d 0a2a 2068 656c 703a 3a20 2020 ksum.* help:: \n 0002cfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cfd0: 2053 686f 7720 6865 6c70 206d 6573 7361 Show help messa\n-0002cfe0: 6765 730a 2a20 6865 7864 756d 703a 3a20 ges.* hexdump:: \n-0002cff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d000: 2020 2020 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2063 6f6e Show raw con\n-0002d010: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6520 tents of a file \n-0002d020: 6f72 206d 656d 6f72 790a 2a20 696e 736d or memory.* insm\n-0002d030: 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 od:: \n-0002d040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 Insert\n-0002d050: 2061 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 6b65 7973 a module.* keys\n-0002d060: 7461 7475 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tatus:: \n-0002d070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 Check \n-0002d080: 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 key modifier sta\n-0002d090: 7475 730a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 3a3a tus.* list_env::\n-0002d0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d0b0: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2076 6172 6961 626c List variabl\n-0002d0c0: 6573 2069 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e es in environmen\n-0002d0d0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f74 t block.* list_t\n-0002d0e0: 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rusted:: \n-0002d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2074 7275 List tru\n-0002d100: 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 sted public keys\n-0002d110: 0a2a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 .* load_env:: \n-0002d120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d130: 204c 6f61 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 Load variables \n-0002d140: 6672 6f6d 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 from environment\n-0002d150: 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e block.* loadfon\n-0002d160: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-0002d170: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 666f 6e74 Load font\n-0002d180: 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 files.* loopbac\n-0002d190: 6b3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 k:: \n-0002d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 6120 6465 Make a de\n-0002d1b0: 7669 6365 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6669 6c65 vice from a file\n-0002d1c0: 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 206c system image.* l\n-0002d1d0: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n-0002d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 Lis\n-0002d1f0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 6f72 2066 696c t devices or fil\n-0002d200: 6573 0a2a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 3a3a 2020 es.* lsfonts:: \n-0002d210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d220: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 List loaded f\n-0002d230: 6f6e 7473 0a2a 206c 736d 6f64 3a3a 2020 onts.* lsmod:: \n-0002d240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d250: 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c6f 6164 6564 Show loaded\n-0002d260: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 206d 6435 7375 modules.* md5su\n-0002d270: 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m:: \n-0002d280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 Compute\n-0002d290: 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 4d44 3520 6861 or check MD5 ha\n-0002d2a0: 7368 0a2a 206d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 sh.* module:: \n-0002d2b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d2c0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 Load module f\n-0002d2d0: 6f72 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 or multiboot ker\n-0002d2e0: 6e65 6c0a 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a nel.* multiboot:\n-0002d2f0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d300: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 206d 756c 7469 626f Load multibo\n-0002d310: 6f74 2063 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 206b 6572 ot compliant ker\n-0002d320: 6e65 6c0a 2a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b nel.* nativedisk\n-0002d330: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d340: 2020 2020 5377 6974 6368 2074 6f20 6e61 Switch to na\n-0002d350: 7469 7665 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 tive disk driver\n-0002d360: 730a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 s.* normal:: \n+0002cfd0: 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6865 6c70 206d Show help m\n+0002cfe0: 6573 7361 6765 730a 2a20 6865 7864 756d essages.* hexdum\n+0002cff0: 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p:: \n+0002d000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 6f77 2072 6177 Show raw\n+0002d010: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2061 2066 contents of a f\n+0002d020: 696c 6520 6f72 206d 656d 6f72 790a 2a20 ile or memory.* \n+0002d030: 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 insmod:: \n+0002d040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e In\n+0002d050: 7365 7274 2061 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 sert a module.* \n+0002d060: 6b65 7973 7461 7475 733a 3a20 2020 2020 keystatus:: \n+0002d070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 Ch\n+0002d080: 6563 6b20 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 eck key modifier\n+0002d090: 2073 7461 7475 730a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f65 status.* list_e\n+0002d0a0: 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nv:: \n+0002d0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2076 6172 List var\n+0002d0c0: 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 656e 7669 726f iables in enviro\n+0002d0d0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 2a20 6c69 nment block.* li\n+0002d0e0: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 st_trusted:: \n+0002d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+0002d100: 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 trusted public \n+0002d110: 6b65 7973 0a2a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a keys.* load_env:\n+0002d120: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d130: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7661 7269 6162 Load variab\n+0002d140: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e les from environ\n+0002d150: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a 206c 6f61 ment block.* loa\n+0002d160: 6466 6f6e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 dfont:: \n+0002d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n+0002d180: 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 206c 6f6f font files.* loo\n+0002d190: 7062 6163 6b3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pback:: \n+0002d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 Make \n+0002d1b0: 6120 6465 7669 6365 2066 726f 6d20 6120 a device from a \n+0002d1c0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 filesystem image\n+0002d1d0: 0a2a 206c 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* ls:: \n+0002d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d1f0: 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 6f72 List devices or\n+0002d200: 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 files.* lsfonts\n+0002d210: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d220: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6c6f 6164 List load\n+0002d230: 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 0a2a 206c 736d 6f64 ed fonts.* lsmod\n+0002d240: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c6f Show lo\n+0002d260: 6164 6564 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 206d aded modules.* m\n+0002d270: 6435 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d5sum:: \n+0002d280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d Com\n+0002d290: 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 4d44 pute or check MD\n+0002d2a0: 3520 6861 7368 0a2a 206d 6f64 756c 653a 5 hash.* module:\n+0002d2b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6d6f 6475 Load modu\n+0002d2d0: 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 le for multiboot\n+0002d2e0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 kernel.* multib\n+0002d2f0: 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot:: \n+0002d300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 206d 756c Load mul\n+0002d310: 7469 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 tiboot compliant\n+0002d320: 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2a20 6e61 7469 7665 kernel.* native\n+0002d330: 6469 736b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 disk:: \n+0002d340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5377 6974 6368 2074 Switch t\n+0002d350: 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 2064 6973 6b20 6472 o native disk dr\n+0002d360: 6976 6572 730a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a ivers.* normal::\n 0002d370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d380: 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d Enter normal m\n-0002d390: 6f64 650a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 ode.* normal_exi\n-0002d3a0: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-0002d3b0: 2020 2020 4578 6974 2066 726f 6d20 6e6f Exit from no\n-0002d3c0: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 7061 7274 rmal mode.* part\n-0002d3d0: 746f 6f6c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tool:: \n-0002d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 6469 6679 Modify\n-0002d3f0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n-0002d400: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 entries.* passw\n-0002d410: 6f72 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ord:: \n-0002d420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 2063 Set a c\n-0002d430: 6c65 6172 2d74 6578 7420 7061 7373 776f lear-text passwo\n-0002d440: 7264 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 rd.* password_pb\n-0002d450: 6b64 6632 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 kdf2:: \n-0002d460: 2020 2053 6574 2061 2068 6173 6865 6420 Set a hashed \n-0002d470: 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e password.* plain\n-0002d480: 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 mount:: \n-0002d490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204f 7065 6e20 6465 Open de\n-0002d4a0: 7669 6365 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2069 vice encrypted i\n-0002d4b0: 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 2070 n plain mode.* p\n-0002d4c0: 6c61 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lay:: \n-0002d4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6c61 Pla\n-0002d4e0: 7920 6120 7475 6e65 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 y a tune.* probe\n-0002d4f0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 Retriev\n-0002d510: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f0a 2a20 e device info.* \n-0002d520: 7264 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr:: \n-0002d530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n-0002d540: 6164 2076 616c 7565 7320 6672 6f6d 206d ad values from m\n-0002d550: 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 odel-specific re\n-0002d560: 6769 7374 6572 730a 2a20 7265 6164 3a3a gisters.* read::\n-0002d570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2075 7365 Read use\n-0002d590: 7220 696e 7075 740a 2a20 7265 626f 6f74 r input.* reboot\n-0002d5a0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2079 Reboot y\n-0002d5c0: 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 0a2a 2072 our computer.* r\n-0002d5d0: 6567 6578 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 egexp:: \n-0002d5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6573 Tes\n-0002d5f0: 7420 6966 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 t if regular exp\n-0002d600: 7265 7373 696f 6e20 6d61 7463 6865 7320 ression matches \n-0002d610: 7374 7269 6e67 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a3a string.* rmmod::\n-0002d620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 Remove a \n-0002d640: 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e module.* save_en\n-0002d650: 763a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 v:: \n-0002d660: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 7661 7269 Save vari\n-0002d670: 6162 6c65 7320 746f 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ables to environ\n-0002d680: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a 2073 6561 ment block.* sea\n-0002d690: 7263 683a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rch:: \n-0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 Searc\n-0002d6b0: 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c h devices by fil\n-0002d6c0: 652c 206c 6162 656c 2c20 6f72 2055 5549 e, label, or UUI\n-0002d6d0: 440a 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 793a 3a20 2020 D.* sendkey:: \n-0002d6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d6f0: 2020 456d 756c 6174 6520 6b65 7973 7472 Emulate keystr\n-0002d700: 6f6b 6573 0a2a 2073 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 okes.* set:: \n+0002d380: 2020 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d Enter norm\n+0002d390: 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c al mode.* normal\n+0002d3a0: 5f65 7869 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _exit:: \n+0002d3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4578 6974 2066 726f Exit fro\n+0002d3c0: 6d20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 m normal mode.* \n+0002d3d0: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 parttool:: \n+0002d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f Mo\n+0002d3f0: 6469 6679 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 dify partition t\n+0002d400: 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 2070 able entries.* p\n+0002d410: 6173 7377 6f72 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 assword:: \n+0002d420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n+0002d430: 2061 2063 6c65 6172 2d74 6578 7420 7061 a clear-text pa\n+0002d440: 7373 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ssword.* passwor\n+0002d450: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 d_pbkdf2:: \n+0002d460: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 2068 6173 Set a has\n+0002d470: 6865 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 hed password.* p\n+0002d480: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 lainmount:: \n+0002d490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204f 7065 Ope\n+0002d4a0: 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2065 6e63 7279 7074 n device encrypt\n+0002d4b0: 6564 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 6d6f 6465 ed in plain mode\n+0002d4c0: 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* play:: \n+0002d4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d4e0: 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 0a2a 2070 Play a tune.* p\n+0002d4f0: 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 robe:: \n+0002d500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 Ret\n+0002d510: 7269 6576 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 rieve device inf\n+0002d520: 6f0a 2a20 7264 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 o.* rdmsr:: \n+0002d530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d540: 2020 5265 6164 2076 616c 7565 7320 6672 Read values fr\n+0002d550: 6f6d 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 om model-specifi\n+0002d560: 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a 2a20 7265 c registers.* re\n+0002d570: 6164 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ad:: \n+0002d580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 Read\n+0002d590: 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 740a 2a20 7265 user input.* re\n+0002d5a0: 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot:: \n+0002d5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 626f Rebo\n+0002d5c0: 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 ot your computer\n+0002d5d0: 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a 3a20 2020 2020 .* regexp:: \n+0002d5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d5f0: 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 756c 6172 Test if regular\n+0002d600: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 6d61 7463 expression matc\n+0002d610: 6865 7320 7374 7269 6e67 0a2a 2072 6d6d hes string.* rmm\n+0002d620: 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 od:: \n+0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 Remov\n+0002d640: 6520 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2a 2073 6176 e a module.* sav\n+0002d650: 655f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e_env:: \n+0002d660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 Save \n+0002d670: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f 2065 6e76 variables to env\n+0002d680: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a ironment block.*\n+0002d690: 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 search:: \n+0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n+0002d6b0: 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 earch devices by\n+0002d6c0: 2066 696c 652c 206c 6162 656c 2c20 6f72 file, label, or\n+0002d6d0: 2055 5549 440a 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 793a UUID.* sendkey:\n+0002d6e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d6f0: 2020 2020 2020 456d 756c 6174 6520 6b65 Emulate ke\n+0002d700: 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 0a2a 2073 6574 3a3a ystrokes.* set::\n 0002d710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d720: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 Set an envi\n-0002d730: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0002d740: 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 .* sha1sum:: \n+0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 6e20 Set an \n+0002d730: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0002d740: 6162 6c65 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a3a able.* sha1sum::\n 0002d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d760: 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 Compute or chec\n-0002d770: 6b20 5348 4131 2068 6173 680a 2a20 7368 k SHA1 hash.* sh\n-0002d780: 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 a256sum:: \n-0002d790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 Comp\n-0002d7a0: 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 ute or check SHA\n-0002d7b0: 3235 3620 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 256 hash.* sha51\n-0002d7c0: 3273 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2sum:: \n-0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 Compute\n-0002d7e0: 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4135 3132 or check SHA512\n-0002d7f0: 2068 6173 680a 2a20 736c 6565 703a 3a20 hash.* sleep:: \n-0002d800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d810: 2020 2020 2020 5761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 Wait for a\n-0002d820: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 206e 756d 6265 specified numbe\n-0002d830: 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 0a2a 2073 r of seconds.* s\n-0002d840: 6d62 696f 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 mbios:: \n-0002d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 Ret\n-0002d860: 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 rieve SMBIOS inf\n-0002d870: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 ormation.* sourc\n-0002d880: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n-0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 Read a \n-0002d8a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-0002d8b0: 6c65 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 le in same conte\n-0002d8c0: 7874 0a2a 2074 6573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 xt.* test:: \n+0002d760: 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 Compute or \n+0002d770: 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4131 2068 6173 680a check SHA1 hash.\n+0002d780: 2a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 * sha256sum:: \n+0002d790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d7a0: 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b Compute or check\n+0002d7b0: 2053 4841 3235 3620 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 SHA256 hash.* s\n+0002d7c0: 6861 3531 3273 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 ha512sum:: \n+0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d Com\n+0002d7e0: 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 pute or check SH\n+0002d7f0: 4135 3132 2068 6173 680a 2a20 736c 6565 A512 hash.* slee\n+0002d800: 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p:: \n+0002d810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5761 6974 2066 Wait f\n+0002d820: 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 206e or a specified n\n+0002d830: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 umber of seconds\n+0002d840: 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f 733a 3a20 2020 2020 .* smbios:: \n+0002d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d860: 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 Retrieve SMBIOS\n+0002d870: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2073 information.* s\n+0002d880: 6f75 7263 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ource:: \n+0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 Rea\n+0002d8a0: 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f d a configuratio\n+0002d8b0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 n file in same c\n+0002d8c0: 6f6e 7465 7874 0a2a 2074 6573 743a 3a20 ontext.* test:: \n 0002d8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d8e0: 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 Check file ty\n-0002d8f0: 7065 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 pes and compare \n-0002d900: 7661 6c75 6573 0a2a 2074 7275 653a 3a20 values.* true:: \n-0002d910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d920: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e Do nothin\n-0002d930: 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 790a g, successfully.\n-0002d940: 2a20 7472 7573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * trust:: \n+0002d8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c Check fil\n+0002d8f0: 6520 7479 7065 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 e types and comp\n+0002d900: 6172 6520 7661 6c75 6573 0a2a 2074 7275 are values.* tru\n+0002d910: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n+0002d920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f Do no\n+0002d930: 7468 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 thing, successfu\n+0002d940: 6c6c 790a 2a20 7472 7573 743a 3a20 2020 lly.* trust:: \n 0002d950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d960: 4164 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2074 Add public key t\n-0002d970: 6f20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 o list of truste\n-0002d980: 6420 6b65 7973 0a2a 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a d keys.* unset::\n-0002d990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2061 6e20 Unset an \n-0002d9b0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0002d9c0: 6162 6c65 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 able.* verify_de\n-0002d9d0: 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 tached:: \n-0002d9e0: 2020 2020 2056 6572 6966 7920 6465 7461 Verify deta\n-0002d9f0: 6368 6564 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 ched digital sig\n-0002da00: 6e61 7475 7265 0a2a 2076 6964 656f 696e nature.* videoin\n-0002da10: 666f 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fo:: \n-0002da20: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 List avai\n-0002da30: 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 lable video mode\n-0002da40: 730a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 s.* wrmsr:: \n+0002d960: 2020 2020 4164 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b Add public k\n+0002d970: 6579 2074 6f20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7472 ey to list of tr\n+0002d980: 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 0a2a 2075 6e73 usted keys.* uns\n+0002d990: 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et:: \n+0002d9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 Unset\n+0002d9b0: 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 an environment \n+0002d9c0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 variable.* verif\n+0002d9d0: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 y_detached:: \n+0002d9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 6966 7920 Verify \n+0002d9f0: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2064 6967 6974 616c detached digital\n+0002da00: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 0a2a 2076 6964 signature.* vid\n+0002da10: 656f 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 eoinfo:: \n+0002da20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n+0002da30: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 available video \n+0002da40: 6d6f 6465 730a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 3a20 modes.* wrmsr:: \n 0002da50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002da60: 2020 5772 6974 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2074 Write values t\n-0002da70: 6f20 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 o model-specific\n-0002da80: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 registers....Fi\n-0002da90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002daa0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 Node: [, Next: \n-0002dab0: 6163 7069 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 acpi, Up: Comma\n-0002dac0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002dad0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 205b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ..17.4.1 [.-----\n-0002dae0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002daf0: 3a20 5b20 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 205d : [ expression ]\n-0002db00: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 . Alias for \n-0002db10: e280 9874 6573 7420 4558 5052 4553 5349 ...test EXPRESSI\n-0002db20: 4f4e e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 ON... (*note tes\n-0002db30: 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 t::).....File: g\n-0002db40: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002db50: 2061 6370 692c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6175 acpi, Next: au\n-0002db60: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 2050 7265 thenticate, Pre\n-0002db70: 763a 205b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 v: [, Up: Comma\n-0002db80: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002db90: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 2061 6370 690a 2d2d ..17.4.2 acpi.--\n-0002dba0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002dbb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 205b 2d31 ommand: acpi [-1\n-0002dbc0: 7c2d 325d 205b 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 653d |-2] [--exclude=\n-0002dbd0: 7461 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c 6f61 table1,...|--loa\n-0002dbe0: 642d 6f6e 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e d-only=table1,..\n-0002dbf0: 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d .]. [--\n-0002dc00: 6f65 6d69 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d oemid=id] [--oem\n-0002dc10: 7461 626c 653d 7461 626c 655d 205b 2d2d table=table] [--\n-0002dc20: 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 7265 763d 7265 765d oemtablerev=rev]\n-0002dc30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 . [--oe\n-0002dc40: 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 723d 6372 mtablecreator=cr\n-0002dc50: 6561 746f 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 eator] [--oemtab\n-0002dc60: 6c65 6372 6561 746f 7272 6576 3d72 6576 lecreatorrev=rev\n-0002dc70: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e ]. [--n\n-0002dc80: 6f2d 6562 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 o-ebda] filename\n-0002dc90: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6465 726e .... Modern\n-0002dca0: 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 7320 6e6f BIOS systems no\n-0002dcb0: 726d 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 rmally implement\n-0002dcc0: 2074 6865 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 436f the Advanced Co\n-0002dcd0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 nfiguration. \n-0002dce0: 2061 6e64 2050 6f77 6572 2049 6e74 6572 and Power Inter\n-0002dcf0: 6661 6365 2028 4143 5049 292c 2061 6e64 face (ACPI), and\n-0002dd00: 2064 6566 696e 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 define various \n-0002dd10: 7461 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6465 7363 tables that desc\n-0002dd20: 7269 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 696e ribe. the in\n-0002dd30: 7465 7266 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 terface between \n-0002dd40: 616e 2041 4350 492d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e an ACPI-complian\n-0002dd50: 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 t operating syst\n-0002dd60: 656d 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 em and the. \n-0002dd70: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 736f firmware. In so\n-0002dd80: 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7461 me cases, the ta\n-0002dd90: 626c 6573 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 bles provided by\n-0002dda0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 776f default only wo\n-0002ddb0: 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 6974 rk. well wit\n-0002ddc0: 6820 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 h certain operat\n-0002ddd0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 ing systems, and\n-0002dde0: 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206e 6563 6573 it may be neces\n-0002ddf0: 7361 7279 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6570 sary to. rep\n-0002de00: 6c61 6365 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 lace some of the\n-0002de10: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c m... Normall\n-0002de20: 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 y, this command \n-0002de30: 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 will replace the\n-0002de40: 2052 6f6f 7420 5379 7374 656d 2044 6573 Root System Des\n-0002de50: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 506f cription. Po\n-0002de60: 696e 7465 7220 2852 5344 5029 2069 6e20 inter (RSDP) in \n-0002de70: 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2042 494f the Extended BIO\n-0002de80: 5320 4461 7461 2041 7265 6120 746f 2070 S Data Area to p\n-0002de90: 6f69 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 770a oint to the new.\n-0002dea0: 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 732e 2020 4966 tables. If\n-0002deb0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 the ...--no-ebd\n-0002dec0: 61e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 a... option is u\n-0002ded0: 7365 642c 2074 6865 206e 6577 2074 6162 sed, the new tab\n-0002dee0: 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 les will be. \n-0002def0: 206b 6e6f 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 known only to G\n-0002df00: 5255 422c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2062 6520 RUB, but may be \n-0002df10: 7573 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2773 2045 used by GRUB's E\n-0002df20: 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 FI emulation... \n-0002df30: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f Note: The co\n-0002df40: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c mmand is not all\n-0002df50: 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f owed when lockdo\n-0002df60: 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 wn is enforced (\n-0002df70: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 *note. Lockd\n-0002df80: 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 own::). Otherwi\n-0002df90: 7365 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2063 se an attacker c\n-0002dfa0: 616e 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7420 7468 6520 an instruct the \n-0002dfb0: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 GRUB to load. \n-0002dfc0: 2020 616e 2053 5344 5420 7461 626c 6520 an SSDT table \n-0002dfd0: 746f 206f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2074 6865 to overwrite the\n-0002dfe0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e kernel lockdown\n-0002dff0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 configuration a\n-0002e000: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f nd. later lo\n-0002e010: 6164 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 2075 ad and execute u\n-0002e020: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f nsigned code....\n-0002e030: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002e040: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 , Node: authent\n-0002e050: 6963 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 icate, Next: ba\n-0002e060: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 ckground_color, \n-0002e070: 2050 7265 763a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 Prev: acpi, Up\n-0002e080: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002e090: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3320 ommands..17.4.3 \n-0002e0a0: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 0a2d 2d2d authenticate.---\n-0002e0b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e0c0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 .. -- Command: a\n-0002e0d0: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 6520 5b75 7365 uthenticate [use\n-0002e0e0: 726c 6973 745d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 rlist]. Chec\n-0002e0f0: 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 7573 6572 2069 k whether user i\n-0002e100: 7320 696e 2055 5345 524c 4953 5420 6f72 s in USERLIST or\n-0002e110: 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2076 listed in the v\n-0002e120: 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 2076 6172 alue of. var\n-0002e130: 6961 626c 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 iable ...superus\n-0002e140: 6572 73e2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 202a 6e6f ers.... See *no\n-0002e150: 7465 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733a 3a20 te superusers:: \n-0002e160: 666f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 7573 6572 206c for valid user l\n-0002e170: 6973 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 742e ist. format.\n-0002e180: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 If ...superuse\n-0002e190: 7273 e280 9920 6973 2065 6d70 7479 2c20 rs... is empty, \n-0002e1a0: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 this command ret\n-0002e1b0: 7572 6e73 2074 7275 652e 0a20 2020 2020 urns true.. \n-0002e1c0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a *Note Security::\n-0002e1d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002e1e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 info, Node: bac\n-0002e1f0: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 kground_color, \n-0002e200: 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Next: background\n-0002e210: 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 _image, Prev: a\n-0002e220: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 5570 uthenticate, Up\n-0002e230: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002e240: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3420 ommands..17.4.4 \n-0002e250: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 background_color\n-0002e260: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002e270: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002e280: 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e mmand: backgroun\n-0002e290: 645f 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 d_color color. \n-0002e2a0: 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e Set backgroun\n-0002e2b0: 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 6163 7469 d color for acti\n-0002e2c0: 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 466f ve terminal. Fo\n-0002e2d0: 7220 7661 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 r valid color. \n-0002e2e0: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e specification\n-0002e2f0: 7320 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6c6f s see *note Colo\n-0002e300: 7273 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 rs: Theme file f\n-0002e310: 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 ormat. Backgrou\n-0002e320: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 6361 nd. color ca\n-0002e330: 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c n be changed onl\n-0002e340: 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 y when using ...\n-0002e350: 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2066 6f72 2074 gfxterm... for t\n-0002e360: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a erminal output..\n-0002e370: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n-0002e380: 6e64 2073 6574 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 nd sets color of\n-0002e390: 2065 6d70 7479 2061 7265 6173 2077 6974 empty areas wit\n-0002e3a0: 686f 7574 2074 6578 742e 2020 5465 7874 hout text. Text\n-0002e3b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 . background\n-0002e3c0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f color is contro\n-0002e3d0: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d lled by environm\n-0002e3e0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2020 ent variables. \n-0002e3f0: 2020 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c COLOR_NORMAL,\n-0002e400: 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 COLOR_HIGHLIGHT\n-0002e410: 2c20 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 , MENU_COLOR_NOR\n-0002e420: 4d41 4c2c 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 MAL,. MENU_C\n-0002e430: 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2e20 OLOR_HIGHLIGHT. \n-0002e440: 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 *Note Special e\n-0002e450: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-0002e460: 626c 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a bles::.....File:\n-0002e470: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002e480: 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d e: background_im\n-0002e490: 6167 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 6472 age, Next: badr\n-0002e4a0: 616d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 am, Prev: backg\n-0002e4b0: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 round_color, Up\n-0002e4c0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002e4d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3520 ommands..17.4.5 \n-0002e4e0: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 background_image\n-0002e4f0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002e500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002e510: 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e mmand: backgroun\n-0002e520: 645f 696d 6167 6520 5b5b 2d2d 6d6f 6465 d_image [[--mode\n-0002e530: 2073 7472 6574 6368 7c6e 6f72 6d61 6c5d stretch|normal]\n-0002e540: 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 file]. Load\n-0002e550: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 background imag\n-0002e560: 6520 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 e for active ter\n-0002e570: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e minal from FILE.\n-0002e580: 2020 496d 6167 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 Image is. \n-0002e590: 7374 7265 7463 6865 6420 746f 2066 696c stretched to fil\n-0002e5a0: 6c20 7570 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 7265 l up entire scre\n-0002e5b0: 656e 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e en unless option\n-0002e5c0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 e280 ...--mode... ..\n-0002e5d0: 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .normal.... \n-0002e5e0: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2057 6974 686f is given. Witho\n-0002e5f0: 7574 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2072 656d ut arguments rem\n-0002e600: 6f76 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6c6f ove currently lo\n-0002e610: 6164 6564 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a aded background.\n-0002e620: 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2042 6163 image. Bac\n-0002e630: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 6361 kground image ca\n-0002e640: 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c n be changed onl\n-0002e650: 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 y when using ...\n-0002e660: 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 gfxterm.... \n-0002e670: 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 for terminal out\n-0002e680: 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 put.....File: gr\n-0002e690: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002e6a0: 6261 6472 616d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 badram, Next: b\n-0002e6b0: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a locklist, Prev:\n-0002e6c0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 background_imag\n-0002e6d0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n-0002e6e0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0002e6f0: 372e 342e 3620 6261 6472 616d 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.6 badram.---\n-0002e700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002e710: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6164 7261 6d20 Command: badram \n-0002e720: 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 722c addr,mask[,addr,\n-0002e730: 6d61 736b 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4669 mask...]. Fi\n-0002e740: 6c74 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 2052 414d lter out bad RAM\n-0002e750: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n-0002e760: 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 mand notifies th\n-0002e770: 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 e memory manager\n-0002e780: 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 that specified \n-0002e790: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 regions of. \n-0002e7a0: 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 RAM ought to be \n-0002e7b0: 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2028 7573 filtered out (us\n-0002e7c0: 7561 6c6c 792c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 ually, because t\n-0002e7d0: 6865 7927 7265 2064 616d 6167 6564 292e hey're damaged).\n-0002e7e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 . This remai\n-0002e7f0: 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 ns in effect aft\n-0002e800: 6572 2061 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 er a payload ker\n-0002e810: 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 nel has been loa\n-0002e820: 6465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 ded by. GRUB\n-0002e830: 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 , as long as the\n-0002e840: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f loaded kernel o\n-0002e850: 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 btains its memor\n-0002e860: 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 y map from. \n-0002e870: 4752 5542 2e20 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 GRUB. Kernels t\n-0002e880: 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 hat support this\n-0002e890: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 204c 696e 7578 2c20 include Linux, \n-0002e8a0: 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 650a 2020 GNU Mach, the. \n-0002e8b0: 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 kernel of Fre\n-0002e8c0: 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f eBSD and Multibo\n-0002e8d0: 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 ot kernels in ge\n-0002e8e0: 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 796e neral... Syn\n-0002e8f0: 7461 7820 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 tax is the same \n-0002e900: 6173 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 as provided by t\n-0002e910: 6865 204d 656d 7465 7374 3836 2b20 7574 he Memtest86+ ut\n-0002e920: 696c 6974 790a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 ility. (http\n-0002e930: 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e6d 656d 7465 7374 2e6f ://www.memtest.o\n-0002e940: 7267 2f29 3a20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 rg/): a list of \n-0002e950: 6164 6472 6573 732f 6d61 736b 2070 6169 address/mask pai\n-0002e960: 7273 2e20 2047 6976 656e 2061 0a20 2020 rs. Given a. \n-0002e970: 2020 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 2061 page-aligned a\n-0002e980: 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 2062 6173 ddress and a bas\n-0002e990: 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 2f20 6d61 736b e address / mask\n-0002e9a0: 2070 6169 722c 2069 6620 616c 6c20 7468 pair, if all th\n-0002e9b0: 650a 2020 2020 2062 6974 7320 6f66 2074 e. bits of t\n-0002e9c0: 6865 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 he page-aligned \n-0002e9d0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 address that are\n-0002e9e0: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 enabled by the \n-0002e9f0: 6d61 736b 206d 6174 6368 0a20 2020 2020 mask match. \n-0002ea00: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 6164 with the base ad\n-0002ea10: 6472 6573 732c 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 dress, it means \n-0002ea20: 7468 6973 2070 6167 6520 6973 2074 6f20 this page is to \n-0002ea30: 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 642e 2020 5468 be filtered. Th\n-0002ea40: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6e74 6178 206d is. syntax m\n-0002ea50: 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7379 2074 6f20 akes it easy to \n-0002ea60: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 7474 6572 represent patter\n-0002ea70: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 ns that are ofte\n-0002ea80: 6e20 7265 7375 6c74 206f 660a 2020 2020 n result of. \n-0002ea90: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6461 6d61 6765 2c20 memory damage, \n-0002eaa0: 6475 6520 746f 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 due to physical \n-0002eab0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 distribution of \n-0002eac0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 656c 6c73 2e0a 0a20 memory cells... \n-0002ead0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 The command \n-0002eae0: 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 is similar to ..\n-0002eaf0: 9863 7574 6d65 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 .cutmem... comma\n-0002eb00: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 nd... Note: \n-0002eb10: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e The command is n\n-0002eb20: 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 ot allowed when \n-0002eb30: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f lockdown is enfo\n-0002eb40: 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 rced (*note. \n-0002eb50: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 Lockdown::). T\n-0002eb60: 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d his prevents rem\n-0002eb70: 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 oving EFI memory\n-0002eb80: 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 regions to. \n-0002eb90: 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 potentially sub\n-0002eba0: 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 vert the securit\n-0002ebb0: 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f y mechanisms pro\n-0002ebc0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 vided by the UEF\n-0002ebd0: 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f I. secure bo\n-0002ebe0: 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ot.....File: gru\n-0002ebf0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 b.info, Node: b\n-0002ec00: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a locklist, Next:\n-0002ec10: 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 boot, Prev: ba\n-0002ec20: 6472 616d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 dram, Up: Comma\n-0002ec30: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002ec40: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 ..17.4.7 blockli\n-0002ec50: 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d st.-------------\n-0002ec60: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002ec70: 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 6c65 : blocklist file\n-0002ec80: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c . Print a bl\n-0002ec90: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ock list (*note \n-0002eca0: 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 Block list synta\n-0002ecb0: 783a 3a29 2066 6f72 2046 494c 452e 0a0a x::) for FILE...\n-0002ecc0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002ecd0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 o, Node: boot, \n-0002ece0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6174 2c20 2050 7265 Next: cat, Pre\n-0002ecf0: 763a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 v: blocklist, U\n-0002ed00: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0002ed10: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 commands..17.4.8\n-0002ed20: 2062 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d boot.----------\n-0002ed30: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002ed40: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 boot. Boot t\n-0002ed50: 6865 204f 5320 6f72 2063 6861 696e 2d6c he OS or chain-l\n-0002ed60: 6f61 6465 7220 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 oader which has \n-0002ed70: 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4f6e been loaded. On\n-0002ed80: 6c79 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 0a20 2020 ly necessary. \n-0002ed90: 2020 6966 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 if running the\n-0002eda0: 2066 756c 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 fully interacti\n-0002edb0: 7665 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 ve command-line \n-0002edc0: 2869 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 7420 (it is implicit \n-0002edd0: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 6420 at. the end \n-0002ede0: 6f66 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7929 of a menu entry)\n-0002edf0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002ee00: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6174 info, Node: cat\n-0002ee10: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 , Next: clear, \n-0002ee20: 2050 7265 763a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 Prev: boot, Up\n-0002ee30: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002ee40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3920 ommands..17.4.9 \n-0002ee50: 6361 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a cat.----------..\n-0002ee60: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6174 -- Command: cat\n-0002ee70: 205b 2d2d 646f 735d 2066 696c 650a 2020 [--dos] file. \n-0002ee80: 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2063 Display the c\n-0002ee90: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 ontents of the f\n-0002eea0: 696c 6520 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ile FILE. This \n-0002eeb0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 command may be u\n-0002eec0: 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7265 seful. to re\n-0002eed0: 6d69 6e64 2079 6f75 206f 6620 796f 7572 mind you of your\n-0002eee0: 204f 5327 7320 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 OS's root parti\n-0002eef0: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion:.. \n-0002ef00: 2067 7275 623e 2063 6174 202f 6574 632f grub> cat /etc/\n-0002ef10: 6673 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 fstab.. If t\n-0002ef20: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 646f 73e2 8099 206f he ...--dos... o\n-0002ef30: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 ption is used, t\n-0002ef40: 6865 6e20 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 hen carriage ret\n-0002ef50: 7572 6e20 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 urn / new line. \n-0002ef60: 2020 2020 7061 6972 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 pairs will b\n-0002ef70: 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 e displayed as a\n-0002ef80: 2073 696d 706c 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 simple new line\n-0002ef90: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 . Otherwise, th\n-0002efa0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 e. carriage \n-0002efb0: 7265 7475 726e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 return will be d\n-0002efc0: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f isplayed as a co\n-0002efd0: 6e74 726f 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 ntrol character \n-0002efe0: 28e2 8098 3c64 3ee2 8099 2920 746f 0a20 (......) to. \n-0002eff0: 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 6561 7369 make it easi\n-0002f000: 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7768 656e 2062 er to see when b\n-0002f010: 6f6f 7420 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 oot problems are\n-0002f020: 2063 6175 7365 6420 6279 2061 2066 696c caused by a fil\n-0002f030: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 e. formatted\n-0002f040: 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 using DOS-style\n-0002f050: 206c 696e 6520 656e 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a line endings...\n-0002f060: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 20e2 8098 6361 Note: ...ca\n-0002f070: 74e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 t... can be used\n-0002f080: 2074 6f20 7669 6577 2074 6865 2063 6f6e to view the con\n-0002f090: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6576 6963 6573 tents of devices\n-0002f0a0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 using the. \n-0002f0b0: 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 block list synta\n-0002f0c0: 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c x (*note Block l\n-0002f0d0: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 ist syntax::). \n-0002f0e0: 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 6973 206e However, it is n\n-0002f0f0: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7669 7365 6420 ot. advised \n-0002f100: 746f 2076 6965 7720 6269 6e61 7279 2064 to view binary d\n-0002f110: 6174 6120 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 ata because it w\n-0002f120: 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2064 6563 6f64 ill try to decod\n-0002f130: 6520 5554 462d 380a 2020 2020 2073 7472 e UTF-8. str\n-0002f140: 696e 6773 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 ings, which can \n-0002f150: 6c65 6164 2074 6f20 736f 6d65 2062 7974 lead to some byt\n-0002f160: 6573 206d 6973 7369 6e67 206f 7220 6164 es missing or ad\n-0002f170: 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ded in the. \n-0002f180: 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 output. Instead\n-0002f190: 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 9868 6578 , use the ...hex\n-0002f1a0: 6475 6d70 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 dump... command \n-0002f1b0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a3a (*note hexdump::\n-0002f1c0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-0002f1d0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c .info, Node: cl\n-0002f1e0: 6561 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 ear, Next: cmos\n-0002f1f0: 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6361 clean, Prev: ca\n-0002f200: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-0002f210: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0002f220: 372e 342e 3130 2063 6c65 6172 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.10 clear.---\n-0002f230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002f240: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6c65 6172 0a20 Command: clear. \n-0002f250: 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 7363 Clear the sc\n-0002f260: 7265 656e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 reen.....File: g\n-0002f270: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002f280: 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 204e 6578 cmosclean, Nex\n-0002f290: 743a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5072 t: cmosdump, Pr\n-0002f2a0: 6576 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: clear, Up: \n-0002f2b0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002f2c0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3131 2063 mands..17.4.11 c\n-0002f2d0: 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mosclean.-------\n-0002f2e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002f2f0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 Command: cmoscle\n-0002f300: 616e 2062 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 an byte:bit. \n-0002f310: 2043 6c65 6172 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 Clear value of \n-0002f320: 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c bit in CMOS at l\n-0002f330: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 ocation BYTE:BIT\n-0002f340: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n-0002f350: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c is. availabl\n-0002f360: 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f e only on platfo\n-0002f370: 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 rms that support\n-0002f380: 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 CMOS.....File: \n-0002f390: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002f3a0: 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 : cmosdump, Nex\n-0002f3b0: 743a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 5072 t: cmostest, Pr\n-0002f3c0: 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 ev: cmosclean, \n-0002f3d0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002f3e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002f3f0: 3132 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 12 cmosdump.----\n-0002f400: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002f410: 2d20 4475 6d70 3a20 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e - Dump: CMOS con\n-0002f420: 7465 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2044 756d 7020 tents. Dump \n-0002f430: 6675 6c6c 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e full CMOS conten\n-0002f440: 7473 2061 7320 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 ts as hexadecima\n-0002f450: 6c20 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 l values. This \n-0002f460: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 command is. \n-0002f470: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f available only o\n-0002f480: 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 n platforms that\n-0002f490: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a support CMOS...\n-0002f4a0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002f4b0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 o, Node: cmoste\n-0002f4c0: 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d70 2c20 st, Next: cmp, \n-0002f4d0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c Prev: cmosdump,\n-0002f4e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002f4f0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0002f500: 342e 3133 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 4.13 cmostest.--\n-0002f510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002f520: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f -- Command: cmo\n-0002f530: 7374 6573 7420 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 stest byte:bit. \n-0002f540: 2020 2020 5465 7374 2076 616c 7565 206f Test value o\n-0002f550: 6620 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 f bit in CMOS at\n-0002f560: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 location BYTE:B\n-0002f570: 4954 2e20 2045 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 IT. Exit status\n-0002f580: 2069 730a 2020 2020 207a 6572 6f20 6966 is. zero if\n-0002f590: 2062 6974 2069 7320 7365 742c 206e 6f6e bit is set, non\n-0002f5a0: 207a 6572 6f20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e zero otherwise.\n-0002f5b0: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 This command i\n-0002f5c0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 s available. \n-0002f5d0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 only on platfor\n-0002f5e0: 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ms that support \n-0002f5f0: 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 CMOS.....File: g\n-0002f600: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002f610: 2063 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e cmp, Next: con\n-0002f620: 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 figfile, Prev: \n-0002f630: 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 cmostest, Up: C\n-0002f640: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0002f650: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3420 636d ands..17.4.14 cm\n-0002f660: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 p.-----------.. \n-0002f670: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 7020 -- Command: cmp \n-0002f680: 5b2d 765d 2066 696c 6531 2066 696c 6532 [-v] file1 file2\n-0002f690: 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 . Compare th\n-0002f6a0: 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4531 2077 6974 e file FILE1 wit\n-0002f6b0: 6820 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4532 h the file FILE2\n-0002f6c0: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6579 2061 7265 2063 . If they are c\n-0002f6d0: 6f6d 706c 6574 656c 790a 2020 2020 2069 ompletely. i\n-0002f6e0: 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 dentical, ...$?.\n-0002f6f0: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 .. will be set t\n-0002f700: 6f20 302e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c o 0. Otherwise,\n-0002f710: 2069 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6172 if the files ar\n-0002f720: 6520 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 e not. ident\n-0002f730: 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 ical, ...$?... w\n-0002f740: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 ill be set to a \n-0002f750: 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a nonzero value...\n-0002f760: 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 By default \n-0002f770: 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 nothing will be \n-0002f780: 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 output. If the \n-0002f790: e280 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 ...-v... is used\n-0002f7a0: 2c20 7665 7262 6f73 650a 2020 2020 206d , verbose. m\n-0002f7b0: 6f64 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 ode is enabled. \n-0002f7c0: 2049 6e20 7468 6973 206d 6f64 6520 7768 In this mode wh\n-0002f7d0: 656e 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 en when the file\n-0002f7e0: 7320 6469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 s differ in size\n-0002f7f0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 ,. print the\n-0002f800: 2073 697a 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 sizes like this\n-0002f810: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 :.. Dif\n-0002f820: 6665 7220 696e 2073 697a 653a 2030 7831 fer in size: 0x1\n-0002f830: 3233 3420 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7834 3332 234 [foo], 0x432\n-0002f840: 3120 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 1 [bar].. If\n-0002f850: 2074 6865 2073 697a 6573 2061 7265 2065 the sizes are e\n-0002f860: 7175 616c 2062 7574 2074 6865 2062 7974 qual but the byt\n-0002f870: 6573 2061 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 7420 es at an offset \n-0002f880: 6469 6666 6572 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 differ, then. \n-0002f890: 2020 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 print the byte\n-0002f8a0: 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 s like this:.. \n-0002f8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 2061 Differ a\n-0002f8c0: 7420 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 2037 3737 t the offset 777\n-0002f8d0: 3a20 3078 6265 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 : 0xbe [foo], 0x\n-0002f8e0: 6566 205b 6261 725d 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ef [bar]....File\n-0002f8f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002f900: 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 de: configfile, \n-0002f910: 204e 6578 743a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2050 Next: cpuid, P\n-0002f920: 7265 763a 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 rev: cmp, Up: C\n-0002f930: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0002f940: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3520 636f ands..17.4.15 co\n-0002f950: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nfigfile.-------\n-0002f960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002f970: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 Command: config\n-0002f980: 6669 6c65 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c file file. L\n-0002f990: 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 636f oad FILE as a co\n-0002f9a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-0002f9b0: 2e20 2049 6620 4649 4c45 2064 6566 696e . If FILE defin\n-0002f9c0: 6573 2061 6e79 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 es any menu. \n-0002f9d0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 7468 656e 2073 entries, then s\n-0002f9e0: 686f 7720 6120 6d65 6e75 2063 6f6e 7461 how a menu conta\n-0002f9f0: 696e 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 6d6d 6564 ining them immed\n-0002fa00: 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 iately. Any. \n-0002fa10: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 environment va\n-0002fa20: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d riable changes m\n-0002fa30: 6164 6520 6279 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ade by the comma\n-0002fa40: 6e64 7320 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c nds in FILE will\n-0002fa50: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2070 7265 not. be pre\n-0002fa60: 7365 7276 6564 2061 6674 6572 20e2 8098 served after ...\n-0002fa70: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 7265 configfile... re\n-0002fa80: 7475 726e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 turns.....File: \n-0002fa90: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002faa0: 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : cpuid, Next: \n-0002fab0: 6372 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 crc, Prev: conf\n-0002fac0: 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d igfile, Up: Com\n-0002fad0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002fae0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3620 6370 7569 ds..17.4.16 cpui\n-0002faf0: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a d.-------------.\n-0002fb00: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 . -- Command: cp\n-0002fb10: 7569 6420 5b2d 6c5d 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 uid [-l] [-p]. \n-0002fb20: 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2043 5055 Check for CPU\n-0002fb30: 2066 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 5468 6973 features. This\n-0002fb40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 command is only\n-0002fb50: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 available on x8\n-0002fb60: 360a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 6. systems..\n-0002fb70: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 . With the .\n-0002fb80: 8098 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 ..-l... option, \n-0002fb90: 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 return true if t\n-0002fba0: 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 he CPU supports \n-0002fbb0: 6c6f 6e67 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2028 long mode. (\n-0002fbc0: 3634 2d62 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 64-bit)... W\n-0002fbd0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 ith the ...-p...\n-0002fbe0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 option, return \n-0002fbf0: 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 true if the CPU \n-0002fc00: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2050 6879 7369 6361 supports Physica\n-0002fc10: 6c0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2045 l. Address E\n-0002fc20: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 2e0a xtension (PAE)..\n-0002fc30: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 . If invoked\n-0002fc40: 2077 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 without options\n-0002fc50: 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 , this command c\n-0002fc60: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 6176 6573 urrently behaves\n-0002fc70: 2061 7320 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 2068 as if it. h\n-0002fc80: 6164 2062 6565 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 6420 ad been invoked \n-0002fc90: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 992e 2020 with ...-l.... \n-0002fca0: 5468 6973 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 6520 This may change \n-0002fcb0: 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a in the future...\n-0002fcc0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002fcd0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 632c 2020 o, Node: crc, \n-0002fce0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e Next: cryptomoun\n-0002fcf0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6370 7569 642c t, Prev: cpuid,\n-0002fd00: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002fd10: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0002fd20: 342e 3137 2063 7263 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.17 crc.-------\n-0002fd30: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002fd40: 643a 2063 7263 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 d: crc arg .... \n-0002fd50: 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 Alias for ..\n-0002fd60: 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 .hashsum --hash \n-0002fd70: 6372 6333 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 crc32 arg ......\n-0002fd80: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 . See command .\n-0002fd90: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ..hashsum.... \n-0002fda0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d (*note hashsum\n-0002fdb0: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 ::) for full des\n-0002fdc0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cription.....Fil\n-0002fdd0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002fde0: 6f64 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 ode: cryptomount\n-0002fdf0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c , Next: cutmem,\n-0002fe00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5570 Prev: crc, Up\n-0002fe10: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002fe20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3138 ommands..17.4.18\n-0002fe30: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d cryptomount.---\n-0002fe40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002fe50: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n-0002fe60: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 205b 205b 2d70 ryptomount [ [-p\n-0002fe70: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d 207c 205b 2d6b password] | [-k\n-0002fe80: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 205b 2d4f 206b 6579 keyfile [-O key\n-0002fe90: 6f66 6673 6574 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 offset]. \n-0002fea0: 2020 5b2d 5320 6b65 7973 697a 655d 205d [-S keysize] ]\n-0002feb0: 205d 205b 2d48 2066 696c 655d 2064 6576 ] [-H file] dev\n-0002fec0: 6963 657c 2d75 2075 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d ice|-u uuid|-a|-\n-0002fed0: 620a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 b. Setup acc\n-0002fee0: 6573 7320 746f 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 ess to encrypted\n-0002fef0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4120 7061 7373 device. A pass\n-0002ff00: 7068 7261 7365 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 phrase will be r\n-0002ff10: 6571 7565 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e equested. in\n-0002ff20: 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 teractively, if \n-0002ff30: 6e65 6974 6865 7220 7468 6520 e280 982d neither the ...-\n-0002ff40: 70e2 8099 206e 6f72 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 p... nor ...-k..\n-0002ff50: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6769 . options are gi\n-0002ff60: 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 206f ven. The. o\n-0002ff70: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 2063 ption ...-p... c\n-0002ff80: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 an be used to su\n-0002ff90: 7070 6c79 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 pply a passphras\n-0002ffa0: 6520 2875 7365 6675 6c20 666f 720a 2020 e (useful for. \n-0002ffb0: 2020 2073 6372 6970 7473 292e 2020 416c scripts). Al\n-0002ffc0: 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 7920 7468 6520 ternatively the \n-0002ffd0: e280 982d 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ...-k... option \n-0002ffe0: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 can be used to s\n-0002fff0: 7570 706c 7920 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 upply a. key\n-00030000: 6669 6c65 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e file with option\n-00030010: 7320 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 s ...-O... and .\n-00030020: 8098 2d53 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c ..-S... optional\n-00030030: 6c79 2073 7570 706c 7969 6e67 2074 6865 ly supplying the\n-00030040: 206f 6666 7365 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 offset. and\n-00030050: 2073 697a 652c 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 size, respectiv\n-00030060: 656c 792c 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 ely, of the key \n-00030070: 6461 7461 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 data in the give\n-00030080: 6e20 6b65 7920 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 n key file. The\n-00030090: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 48e2 8099 206f . ...-H... o\n-000300a0: 7074 696f 6e73 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 ptions can be us\n-000300b0: 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2063 7279 ed to supply cry\n-000300c0: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 ptomount backend\n-000300d0: 7320 7769 7468 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 s with an. a\n-000300e0: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2068 6561 6465 lternative heade\n-000300f0: 7220 6669 6c65 2028 616b 6120 6465 7461 r file (aka deta\n-00030100: 6368 6564 2068 6561 6465 7229 2e20 204e ched header). N\n-00030110: 6f74 2061 6c6c 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 730a ot all backends.\n-00030120: 2020 2020 2068 6176 6520 6865 6164 6572 have header\n-00030130: 7320 6e6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c s nor support al\n-00030140: 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6865 6164 6572 ternative header\n-00030150: 2066 696c 6573 2028 6375 7272 656e 746c files (currentl\n-00030160: 7920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 4c55 4b53 y only. LUKS\n-00030170: 3120 616e 6420 4c55 4b53 3220 7375 7070 1 and LUKS2 supp\n-00030180: 6f72 7420 7468 656d 292e 2020 4172 6775 ort them). Argu\n-00030190: 6d65 6e74 2044 4556 4943 4520 636f 6e66 ment DEVICE conf\n-000301a0: 6967 7572 6573 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a igures specific.\n-000301b0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 6220 6465 7669 6365 grub device\n-000301c0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 (*note Naming c\n-000301d0: 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 3b20 6f70 onvention::); op\n-000301e0: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 5555 tion ...-u... UU\n-000301f0: 4944 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ID. configur\n-00030200: 6573 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 2073 es device with s\n-00030210: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2055 5549 443b 206f pecified UUID; o\n-00030220: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2063 ption ...-a... c\n-00030230: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c0a 2020 onfigures all. \n-00030240: 2020 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 656e 6372 detected encr\n-00030250: 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 733b 206f ypted devices; o\n-00030260: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 62e2 8099 2063 ption ...-b... c\n-00030270: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c20 6765 onfigures all ge\n-00030280: 6c69 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 li. containe\n-00030290: 7273 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 6f6f rs that have boo\n-000302a0: 7420 666c 6167 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 t flag set... \n-000302b0: 2020 4465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6e6f Devices are no\n-000302c0: 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2062 6520 t allowed to be \n-000302d0: 6769 7665 6e20 6173 206b 6579 2066 696c given as key fil\n-000302e0: 6573 206e 6f72 2061 7320 6465 7461 6368 es nor as detach\n-000302f0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6865 6164 6572 2066 ed. header f\n-00030300: 696c 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 iles. However, \n-00030310: 7468 6973 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e20 this limitation \n-00030320: 6361 6e20 6265 2077 6f72 6b65 6420 6172 can be worked ar\n-00030330: 6f75 6e64 2062 790a 2020 2020 2075 7369 ound by. usi\n-00030340: 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e ng blocklist syn\n-00030350: 7461 782e 2020 536f 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 tax. So for ins\n-00030360: 7461 6e63 652c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c67 tance, ...(hd1,g\n-00030370: 7074 3229 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 pt2)... can not \n-00030380: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 2c20 6275 be. used, bu\n-00030390: 7420 e280 9828 6864 312c 6770 7432 2930 t ...(hd1,gpt2)0\n-000303a0: 2be2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6163 6869 6576 +... will achiev\n-000303b0: 6520 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 7265 e the desired re\n-000303c0: 7375 6c74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 sult... GRUB\n-000303d0: 2073 7570 6f72 7473 2064 6576 6963 6573 suports devices\n-000303e0: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2075 7369 6e67 encrypted using\n-000303f0: 204c 554b 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 LUKS, LUKS2 and\n-00030400: 2067 656c 692e 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 geli. Note. \n-00030410: 2020 7468 6174 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 that necessary\n-00030420: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 4c55 4b53 2c20 modules (LUKS, \n-00030430: 4c55 4b53 3220 616e 6420 4745 4c49 2920 LUKS2 and GELI) \n-00030440: 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 have to be loade\n-00030450: 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 d. manually \n-00030460: 6265 666f 7265 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d before this comm\n-00030470: 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642e and can be used.\n-00030480: 2020 466f 7220 4c55 4b53 3220 6f6e 6c79 For LUKS2 only\n-00030490: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5042 4b44 4632 the. PBKDF2\n-000304a0: 206b 6579 2064 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 key derivation \n-000304b0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 7070 function is supp\n-000304c0: 6f72 7465 642c 2061 7320 4172 676f 6e32 orted, as Argon2\n-000304d0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 740a 2020 2020 is not yet. \n-000304e0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 supported... \n-000304f0: 2020 5375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2064 Successfully d\n-00030500: 6563 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 ecrypted disks a\n-00030510: 7265 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 2863 7279 re named as (cry\n-00030520: 7074 6f58 2920 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 ptoX) and have. \n-00030530: 2020 2020 696e 6372 6561 7369 6e67 206e increasing n\n-00030540: 756d 6572 6174 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 umeration suffix\n-00030550: 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 6e65 7720 6465 for each new de\n-00030560: 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 crypted disk. I\n-00030570: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 f the. encry\n-00030580: 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b20 686f 7374 7320 pted disk hosts \n-00030590: 736f 6d65 2068 6967 6865 7220 6c65 7665 some higher leve\n-000305a0: 6c20 6f66 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e l of abstraction\n-000305b0: 2028 6c69 6b65 204c 564d 3220 6f72 0a20 (like LVM2 or. \n-000305c0: 2020 2020 4d44 5241 4944 2920 6974 2077 MDRAID) it w\n-000305d0: 696c 6c20 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 2075 ill be created u\n-000305e0: 6e64 6572 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 nder a separate \n-000305f0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 7061 6365 device namespace\n-00030600: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f in. additio\n-00030610: 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2063 7279 7074 6f64 n to the cryptod\n-00030620: 6973 6b20 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 652e 0a0a isk namespace...\n-00030630: 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 Support for\n-00030640: 2070 6c61 696e 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f plain encryptio\n-00030650: 6e20 6d6f 6465 2028 706c 6169 6e20 646d n mode (plain dm\n-00030660: 2d63 7279 7074 2920 6973 2070 726f 7669 -crypt) is provi\n-00030670: 6465 6420 7669 610a 2020 2020 2073 6570 ded via. sep\n-00030680: 6172 6174 6520 e280 982a 6e6f 7465 2070 arate ...*note p\n-00030690: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3ae2 8099 2063 lainmount::... c\n-000306a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ommand.....File:\n-000306b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000306c0: 653a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 e: cutmem, Next\n-000306d0: 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 : date, Prev: c\n-000306e0: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a ryptomount, Up:\n-000306f0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00030700: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3920 mmands..17.4.19 \n-00030710: 6375 746d 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cutmem.---------\n-00030720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00030730: 6e64 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2066 726f 6d5b nd: cutmem from[\n-00030740: 4b7c 4d7c 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d K|M|G] to[K|M|G]\n-00030750: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 . Remove any\n-00030760: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 memory regions \n-00030770: 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 616e in specified ran\n-00030780: 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 ge... This c\n-00030790: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 ommand notifies \n-000307a0: 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 the memory manag\n-000307b0: 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 er that specifie\n-000307c0: 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 d regions of. \n-000307d0: 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 RAM ought to b\n-000307e0: 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2e20 e filtered out. \n-000307f0: 2054 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e This remains in\n-00030800: 2065 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 610a effect after a.\n-00030810: 2020 2020 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 payload ker\n-00030820: 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 nel has been loa\n-00030830: 6465 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 ded by GRUB, as \n-00030840: 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 long as the load\n-00030850: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f ed. kernel o\n-00030860: 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 btains its memor\n-00030870: 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e y map from GRUB.\n-00030880: 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 Kernels that su\n-00030890: 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 pport this. \n-000308a0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 include Linux, G\n-000308b0: 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b 6572 NU Mach, the ker\n-000308c0: 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 nel of FreeBSD a\n-000308d0: 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 nd Multiboot. \n-000308e0: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e kernels in gen\n-000308f0: 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 eral... The \n-00030900: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c command is simil\n-00030910: 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9862 6164 7261 6de2 ar to ...badram.\n-00030920: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 .. command... \n-00030930: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d Note: The comm\n-00030940: 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 and is not allow\n-00030950: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e ed when lockdown\n-00030960: 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e is enforced (*n\n-00030970: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ote. Lockdow\n-00030980: 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 n::). This prev\n-00030990: 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 ents removing EF\n-000309a0: 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 I memory regions\n-000309b0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 to. potenti\n-000309c0: 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 ally subvert the\n-000309d0: 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e security mechan\n-000309e0: 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 isms provided by\n-000309f0: 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 the UEFI. s\n-00030a00: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ecure boot.....F\n-00030a10: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00030a20: 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6174 652c 2020 4e65 Node: date, Ne\n-00030a30: 7874 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 xt: devicetree, \n-00030a40: 2050 7265 763a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 Prev: cutmem, \n-00030a50: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00030a60: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00030a70: 3230 2064 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 20 date.--------\n-00030a80: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00030a90: 643a 2064 6174 6520 5b5b 7965 6172 2d5d d: date [[year-]\n-00030aa0: 6d6f 6e74 682d 6461 795d 205b 686f 7572 month-day] [hour\n-00030ab0: 3a6d 696e 7574 655b 3a73 6563 6f6e 645d :minute[:second]\n-00030ac0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 ]. With no a\n-00030ad0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 rguments, print \n-00030ae0: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 the current date\n-00030af0: 2061 6e64 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 and time... \n-00030b00: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7461 6b65 Otherwise, take\n-00030b10: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 the current dat\n-00030b20: 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 2c20 6368 616e e and time, chan\n-00030b30: 6765 2061 6e79 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a ge any elements.\n-00030b40: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 specified a\n-00030b50: 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 s arguments, and\n-00030b60: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 set the result \n-00030b70: 6173 2074 6865 206e 6577 2064 6174 6520 as the new date \n-00030b80: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 696d 652e 2020 and. time. \n-00030b90: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2027 6461 For example, 'da\n-00030ba0: 7465 2030 312d 3031 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 te 01-01' will s\n-00030bb0: 6574 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206d et the current m\n-00030bc0: 6f6e 7468 2061 6e64 2064 6179 0a20 2020 onth and day. \n-00030bd0: 2020 746f 204a 616e 7561 7279 2031 2c20 to January 1, \n-00030be0: 6275 7420 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6520 7965 but leave the ye\n-00030bf0: 6172 2c20 686f 7572 2c20 6d69 6e75 7465 ar, hour, minute\n-00030c00: 2c20 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 , and second. \n-00030c10: 2020 756e 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a0a 1f0a unchanged.....\n-00030c20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00030c30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 Node: devicetr\n-00030c40: 6565 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6973 7472 ee, Next: distr\n-00030c50: 7573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6461 7465 ust, Prev: date\n-00030c60: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00030c70: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00030c80: 2e34 2e32 3120 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 .4.21 devicetree\n-00030c90: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00030ca0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00030cb0: 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2066 696c : devicetree fil\n-00030cc0: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 e. Load a de\n-00030cd0: 7669 6365 2074 7265 6520 626c 6f62 2028 vice tree blob (\n-00030ce0: 2e64 7462 2920 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c .dtb) from a fil\n-00030cf0: 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c 6174 esystem, for lat\n-00030d00: 6572 2075 7365 2062 790a 2020 2020 2061 er use by. a\n-00030d10: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 Linux kernel. \n-00030d20: 446f 6573 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d Does not perform\n-00030d30: 206d 6572 6769 6e67 2077 6974 6820 616e merging with an\n-00030d40: 7920 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 650a 2020 y device tree. \n-00030d50: 2020 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 6279 2066 supplied by f\n-00030d60: 6972 6d77 6172 652c 2062 7574 2072 6174 irmware, but rat\n-00030d70: 6865 7220 7265 706c 6163 6573 2069 7420 her replaces it \n-00030d80: 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 completely... \n-00030d90: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d Note: The comm\n-00030da0: 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 and is not allow\n-00030db0: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e ed when lockdown\n-00030dc0: 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e is enforced (*n\n-00030dd0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ote. Lockdow\n-00030de0: 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 n::). This is d\n-00030df0: 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 one to prevent s\n-00030e00: 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 ubverting variou\n-00030e10: 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 s security. \n-00030e20: 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 mechanisms.....F\n-00030e30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00030e40: 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c Node: distrust,\n-00030e50: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 Next: drivemap\n-00030e60: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6576 6963 6574 , Prev: devicet\n-00030e70: 7265 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ree, Up: Comman\n-00030e80: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00030e90: 0a31 372e 342e 3232 2064 6973 7472 7573 .17.4.22 distrus\n-00030ea0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-00030eb0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00030ec0: 2064 6973 7472 7573 7420 7075 626b 6579 distrust pubkey\n-00030ed0: 5f69 640a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 _id. Remove \n-00030ee0: 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2050 5542 4b45 public key PUBKE\n-00030ef0: 595f 4944 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 Y_ID from GRUB's\n-00030f00: 206b 6579 7269 6e67 206f 6620 7472 7573 keyring of trus\n-00030f10: 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 ted keys.. P\n-00030f20: 5542 4b45 595f 4944 2069 7320 7468 6520 UBKEY_ID is the \n-00030f30: 6c61 7374 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 last four bytes \n-00030f40: 2865 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d (eight hexadecim\n-00030f50: 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 206f 6620 7468 al digits) of th\n-00030f60: 650a 2020 2020 2047 5047 2076 3420 6b65 e. GPG v4 ke\n-00030f70: 7920 6964 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 y id, which is a\n-00030f80: 6c73 6f20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 206f lso the output o\n-00030f90: 6620 e280 986c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 f ...list_truste\n-00030fa0: 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 d... (*note. \n-00030fb0: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a29 list_trusted::)\n-00030fc0: 2e20 204f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 4752 . Outside of GR\n-00030fd0: 5542 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6964 2063 UB, the key id c\n-00030fe0: 616e 2062 6520 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2075 an be obtained u\n-00030ff0: 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7067 sing. ...gpg\n-00031000: 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 --fingerprint..\n-00031010: 9929 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 .). These keys \n-00031020: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 are used to vali\n-00031030: 6461 7465 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a date signatures.\n-00031040: 2020 2020 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f when enviro\n-00031050: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n-00031060: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n-00031070: 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 es... is set to \n-00031080: e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 ...enforce.... \n-00031090: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f (*note check_\n-000310a0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2061 signatures::), a\n-000310b0: 6e64 2062 7920 736f 6d65 2069 6e76 6f63 nd by some invoc\n-000310c0: 6174 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 ations of. .\n-000310d0: 8098 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 ..verify_detache\n-000310e0: 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 d... (*note veri\n-000310f0: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 fy_detached::). \n-00031100: 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 *Note Using dig\n-00031110: 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 ital. signat\n-00031120: 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ures::, for more\n-00031130: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f information....\n-00031140: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00031150: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 , Node: drivema\n-00031160: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 p, Next: echo, \n-00031170: 2050 7265 763a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c Prev: distrust,\n-00031180: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00031190: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-000311a0: 342e 3233 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2d2d 4.23 drivemap.--\n-000311b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-000311c0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 7269 -- Command: dri\n-000311d0: 7665 6d61 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c 5b2d 735d vemap -l|-r|[-s]\n-000311e0: 2066 726f 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 746f 5f64 from_drive to_d\n-000311f0: 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 6f75 rive. Withou\n-00031200: 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 206d 6170 2074 t options, map t\n-00031210: 6865 2064 7269 7665 2046 524f 4d5f 4452 he drive FROM_DR\n-00031220: 4956 4520 746f 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 IVE to the drive\n-00031230: 2054 4f5f 4452 4956 452e 0a20 2020 2020 TO_DRIVE.. \n-00031240: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e65 6365 7373 6172 This is necessar\n-00031250: 7920 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2063 6861 696e y when you chain\n-00031260: 2d6c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 -load some opera\n-00031270: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7375 ting systems, su\n-00031280: 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6173 2044 4f53 2c20 ch. as DOS, \n-00031290: 6966 2073 7563 6820 616e 204f 5320 7265 if such an OS re\n-000312a0: 7369 6465 7320 6174 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 sides at a non-f\n-000312b0: 6972 7374 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2046 6f72 irst drive. For\n-000312c0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 . convenienc\n-000312d0: 652c 2061 6e79 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e e, any partition\n-000312e0: 2073 7566 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 suffix on the d\n-000312f0: 7269 7665 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642c rive is ignored,\n-00031300: 2073 6f20 796f 750a 2020 2020 2063 616e so you. can\n-00031310: 2073 6166 656c 7920 7573 6520 247b 726f safely use ${ro\n-00031320: 6f74 7d20 6173 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 ot} as a drive s\n-00031330: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 pecification... \n-00031340: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 With the ...\n-00031350: 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 -s... option, pe\n-00031360: 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7265 7665 7273 rform the revers\n-00031370: 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6720 6173 2077 656c e mapping as wel\n-00031380: 6c2c 2073 7761 7070 696e 670a 2020 2020 l, swapping. \n-00031390: 2074 6865 2074 776f 2064 7269 7665 732e the two drives.\n-000313a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 .. With the \n-000313b0: e280 982d 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c ...-l... option,\n-000313c0: 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e list the curren\n-000313d0: 7420 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 t mappings... \n-000313e0: 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d72 With the ...-r\n-000313f0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 ... option, rese\n-00031400: 7420 616c 6c20 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2074 t all mappings t\n-00031410: 6f20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 o the default va\n-00031420: 6c75 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 lues... For \n-00031430: 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 example:.. \n-00031440: 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 drivemap -s \n-00031450: 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 (hd0) (hd1).. \n-00031460: 2020 4e4f 5445 3a20 4f6e 6c79 2061 7661 NOTE: Only ava\n-00031470: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6933 3836 2d70 ilable on i386-p\n-00031480: 632e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 c.....File: grub\n-00031490: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 .info, Node: ec\n-000314a0: 686f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 6669 7465 ho, Next: efite\n-000314b0: 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 xtmode, Prev: d\n-000314c0: 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f rivemap, Up: Co\n-000314d0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-000314e0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3234 2065 6368 nds..17.4.24 ech\n-000314f0: 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a o.------------..\n-00031500: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6368 -- Command: ech\n-00031510: 6f20 5b2d 6e5d 205b 2d65 5d20 7374 7269 o [-n] [-e] stri\n-00031520: 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 ng .... Disp\n-00031530: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 lay the requeste\n-00031540: 6420 7465 7874 2061 6e64 2c20 756e 6c65 d text and, unle\n-00031550: 7373 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 9920 ss the ...-n... \n-00031560: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 option is used, \n-00031570: 610a 2020 2020 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 a. trailing \n-00031580: 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 new line. If th\n-00031590: 6572 6520 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e ere is more than\n-000315a0: 206f 6e65 2073 7472 696e 672c 2074 6865 one string, the\n-000315b0: 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 y are. separ\n-000315c0: 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2069 ated by spaces i\n-000315d0: 6e20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2041 n the output. A\n-000315e0: 7320 7573 7561 6c20 696e 2047 5255 4220 s usual in GRUB \n-000315f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c0a 2020 2020 2076 commands,. v\n-00031600: 6172 6961 626c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 ariables may be \n-00031610: 7375 6273 7469 7475 7465 6420 7573 696e substituted usin\n-00031620: 6720 e280 9824 7b76 6172 7de2 8099 2e0a g ...${var}.....\n-00031630: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 65e2 . The ...-e.\n-00031640: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 .. option enable\n-00031650: 7320 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e s interpretation\n-00031660: 206f 6620 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 of backslash es\n-00031670: 6361 7065 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 capes. The. \n-00031680: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6571 7565 following seque\n-00031690: 6e63 6573 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 nces are recogni\n-000316a0: 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c5c sed:.. ...\\\\\n-000316b0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 .... ba\n-000316c0: 636b 736c 6173 680a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ckslash.. ..\n-000316d0: 985c 61e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .\\a.... \n-000316e0: 2061 6c65 7274 2028 4245 4c29 0a0a 2020 alert (BEL).. \n-000316f0: 2020 20e2 8098 5c63 e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\c.... \n-00031700: 2020 2020 2020 7375 7070 7265 7373 2074 suppress t\n-00031710: 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 railing new line\n-00031720: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c66 e280 990a .. ...\\f....\n-00031730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 2066 form f\n-00031740: 6565 640a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 6ee2 eed.. ...\\n.\n-00031750: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 ... new\n-00031760: 206c 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c line.. ...\\\n-00031770: 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 r.... c\n-00031780: 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 0a0a arriage return..\n-00031790: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c74 e280 990a 2020 ...\\t.... \n-000317a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 horizont\n-000317b0: 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 al tab.. ...\n-000317c0: 5c76 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\v.... \n-000317d0: 7665 7274 6963 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 vertical tab.. \n-000317e0: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 696e 7465 7270 7265 When interpre\n-000317f0: 7469 6e67 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 ting backslash e\n-00031800: 7363 6170 6573 2c20 6261 636b 736c 6173 scapes, backslas\n-00031810: 6820 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 616e h followed by an\n-00031820: 790a 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2063 6861 y. other cha\n-00031830: 7261 6374 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e racter will prin\n-00031840: 7420 7468 6174 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 t that character\n-00031850: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00031860: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 info, Node: efi\n-00031870: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a textmode, Next:\n-00031880: 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6563 eval, Prev: ec\n-00031890: 686f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ho, Up: Command\n-000318a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-000318b0: 3137 2e34 2e32 3520 6566 6974 6578 746d 17.4.25 efitextm\n-000318c0: 6f64 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ode.------------\n-000318d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-000318e0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 mand: efitextmod\n-000318f0: 6520 5b6d 696e 207c 206d 6178 207c 203c e [min | max | <\n-00031900: 6d6f 6465 5f6e 756d 3e20 7c20 3c63 6f6c mode_num> | ]. \n-00031920: 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 206e When used with n\n-00031930: 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6469 7370 o arguments disp\n-00031940: 6c61 7973 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 lays all availab\n-00031950: 6c65 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 le text output. \n-00031960: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6520 modes. The \n-00031970: 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 2064 6574 6572 6d69 set mode determi\n-00031980: 6e65 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 nes the columns \n-00031990: 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 and rows of the \n-000319a0: 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 text. displa\n-000319b0: 7920 7768 656e 2069 6e20 7465 7874 206d y when in text m\n-000319c0: 6f64 652e 2020 416e 2061 7374 6572 6973 ode. An asteris\n-000319d0: 6b2c 20e2 8098 2ae2 8099 2c20 7769 6c6c k, ...*..., will\n-000319e0: 2062 6520 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f be at the end o\n-000319f0: 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 f. the line \n-00031a00: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 of the currently\n-00031a10: 2073 6574 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 set mode... \n-00031a20: 2049 6620 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 If given a sing\n-00031a30: 6c65 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 6974 le parameter, it\n-00031a40: 206d 7573 7420 6265 20e2 8098 6d69 6ee2 must be ...min.\n-00031a50: 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6178 e280 992c 206f .., ...max..., o\n-00031a60: 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 r a mode. nu\n-00031a70: 6d62 6572 2067 6976 656e 2062 7920 7468 mber given by th\n-00031a80: 6520 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7768 656e 2072 e listing when r\n-00031a90: 756e 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d un with no argum\n-00031aa0: 656e 7473 2e20 2054 6865 7365 0a20 2020 ents. These. \n-00031ab0: 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7365 7420 arguments set \n-00031ac0: 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 2074 6f20 7468 6520 the mode to the \n-00031ad0: 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 206d 6178 696d 756d minimum, maximum\n-00031ae0: 2c20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 , and particular\n-00031af0: 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7065 mode. respe\n-00031b00: 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f ctively... O\n-00031b10: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f therwise, the co\n-00031b20: 6d6d 616e 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 mmand must be gi\n-00031b30: 7665 6e20 7477 6f20 6e75 6d65 7269 6361 ven two numerica\n-00031b40: 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 l arguments. \n-00031b50: 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 specifying the \n-00031b60: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n-00031b70: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 of the desired \n-00031b80: 6d6f 6465 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e mode. Specifyin\n-00031b90: 6720 610a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 g a. columns\n-00031ba0: 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 636f 6d62 696e and rows combin\n-00031bb0: 6174 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2063 6f72 7265 ation that corre\n-00031bc0: 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 6e6f 2073 7570 sponds to no sup\n-00031bd0: 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 652c 0a20 2020 ported mode,. \n-00031be0: 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6572 will return er\n-00031bf0: 726f 722c 2062 7574 206f 7468 6572 7769 ror, but otherwi\n-00031c00: 7365 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 se have no effec\n-00031c10: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 t... By defa\n-00031c20: 756c 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7374 ult GRUB will st\n-00031c30: 6172 7420 696e 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 art in whatever \n-00031c40: 6d6f 6465 2074 6865 2045 4649 2066 6972 mode the EFI fir\n-00031c50: 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 mware. defau\n-00031c60: 6c74 7320 746f 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2061 lts to. There a\n-00031c70: 7265 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 206b 6e6f re firmwares kno\n-00031c80: 776e 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7570 2074 6865 wn to set up the\n-00031c90: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6f64 650a 2020 default mode. \n-00031ca0: 2020 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 206f 7574 such that out\n-00031cb0: 7075 7420 6265 6861 7665 7320 7374 7261 put behaves stra\n-00031cc0: 6e67 656c 792c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 ngely, for examp\n-00031cd0: 6c65 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 696e le the cursor in\n-00031ce0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 the. GRUB s\n-00031cf0: 6865 6c6c 206e 6576 6572 2072 6561 6368 hell never reach\n-00031d00: 6573 2074 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 6f66 es the bottom of\n-00031d10: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 2c20 the screen or, \n-00031d20: 7768 656e 2074 7970 696e 670a 2020 2020 when typing. \n-00031d30: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6174 2074 characters at t\n-00031d40: 6865 2070 726f 6d70 742c 2063 6861 7261 he prompt, chara\n-00031d50: 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 cters from previ\n-00031d60: 6f75 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6f75 7470 ous command outp\n-00031d70: 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6f76 6572 ut. are over\n-00031d80: 7772 6974 7465 6e2e 2020 5365 7474 696e written. Settin\n-00031d90: 6720 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 206d 6179 2066 g the mode may f\n-00031da0: 6978 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 ix this... T\n-00031db0: 6865 2045 4649 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 he EFI specifica\n-00031dc0: 7469 6f6e 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 206d tion says that m\n-00031dd0: 6f64 6520 3020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6176 ode 0 must be av\n-00031de0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 616e 6420 6861 7665 ailable and have\n-00031df0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e . columns an\n-00031e00: 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 d rows of 80 and\n-00031e10: 2032 3520 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 25 respectively\n-00031e20: 2e20 204d 6f64 6520 3120 6d61 7920 6265 . Mode 1 may be\n-00031e30: 2064 6566 696e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 616e defined. an\n-00031e40: 6420 6966 2073 6f20 6d75 7374 2068 6176 d if so must hav\n-00031e50: 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f e columns and ro\n-00031e60: 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2035 3020 ws of 80 and 50 \n-00031e70: 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 2020 respectively.. \n-00031e80: 2020 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 Any other mod\n-00031e90: 6573 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 es may have colu\n-00031ea0: 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2061 7262 mns and rows arb\n-00031eb0: 6974 7261 7269 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6564 itrarily defined\n-00031ec0: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 by. the fir\n-00031ed0: 6d77 6172 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 mware. This mea\n-00031ee0: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6120 6d6f 6465 2077 ns that a mode w\n-00031ef0: 6974 6820 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 ith columns and \n-00031f00: 726f 7773 206f 6620 3130 300a 2020 2020 rows of 100. \n-00031f10: 2061 6e64 2033 3120 6f6e 206f 6e65 2066 and 31 on one f\n-00031f20: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 irmware may be a\n-00031f30: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 different mode \n-00031f40: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 number on a. \n-00031f50: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 different firmw\n-00031f60: 6172 6520 6f72 206e 6f74 2065 7869 7374 are or not exist\n-00031f70: 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 at all. Likewi\n-00031f80: 7365 2c20 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 se, mode number \n-00031f90: 3220 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6520 6669 2 on. one fi\n-00031fa0: 726d 7761 7265 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 rmware may have \n-00031fb0: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6e75 6d62 a different numb\n-00031fc0: 6572 206f 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e er of columns an\n-00031fd0: 6420 726f 7773 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 d rows than. \n-00031fe0: 206d 6f64 6520 3220 6f6e 2061 2064 6966 mode 2 on a dif\n-00031ff0: 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e ferent firmware.\n-00032000: 2020 536f 206f 6e65 2073 686f 756c 6420 So one should \n-00032010: 6e6f 7420 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 610a 2020 not rely on a. \n-00032020: 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f particular mo\n-00032030: 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f72 2061 206d de number or a m\n-00032040: 6f64 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e ode of a certain\n-00032050: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d number of colum\n-00032060: 6e73 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 726f 7773 ns and. rows\n-00032070: 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 6c6c existing on all\n-00032080: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 2c20 6578 6365 firmwares, exce\n-00032090: 7074 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 6520 302e 0a0a pt for mode 0...\n-000320a0: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 7320 Note: This \n-000320b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 command is only \n-000320c0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2045 4649 available on EFI\n-000320d0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 6e64 2069 platforms and i\n-000320e0: 730a 2020 2020 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 s. similar t\n-000320f0: 6f20 4546 4920 7368 656c 6c20 226d 6f64 o EFI shell \"mod\n-00032100: 6522 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e\" command.....F\n-00032110: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00032120: 204e 6f64 653a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 4e65 Node: eval, Ne\n-00032130: 7874 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2050 7265 xt: export, Pre\n-00032140: 763a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 v: efitextmode, \n-00032150: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00032160: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00032170: 2e32 3620 6576 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .26 eval.-------\n-00032180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00032190: 6e64 3a20 6576 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 nd: eval string \n-000321a0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6361 7465 .... Concate\n-000321b0: 6e61 7465 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 nate arguments t\n-000321c0: 6f67 6574 6865 7220 7573 696e 6720 7369 ogether using si\n-000321d0: 6e67 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2061 7320 7365 ngle space as se\n-000321e0: 7061 7261 746f 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 parator and. \n-000321f0: 2065 7661 6c75 6174 6520 7265 7375 6c74 evaluate result\n-00032200: 2061 7320 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 as sequence of \n-00032210: 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a GRUB commands...\n-00032220: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00032230: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 o, Node: export\n-00032240: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 , Next: false, \n-00032250: 2050 7265 763a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5570 Prev: eval, Up\n-00032260: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00032270: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3237 ommands..17.4.27\n-00032280: 2065 7870 6f72 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d export.--------\n-00032290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-000322a0: 616e 643a 2065 7870 6f72 7420 656e 7676 and: export envv\n-000322b0: 6172 0a20 2020 2020 4578 706f 7274 2074 ar. Export t\n-000322c0: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 he environment v\n-000322d0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e20 ariable ENVVAR. \n-000322e0: 2045 7870 6f72 7465 6420 7661 7269 6162 Exported variab\n-000322f0: 6c65 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2076 6973 les are. vis\n-00032300: 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 6273 6964 6961 ible to subsidia\n-00032310: 7279 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ry configuration\n-00032320: 2066 696c 6573 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 files loaded us\n-00032330: 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 ing. ...conf\n-00032340: 6967 6669 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 igfile........Fi\n-00032350: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00032360: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 4e65 Node: false, Ne\n-00032370: 7874 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5072 xt: fwsetup, Pr\n-00032380: 6576 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2055 703a ev: export, Up:\n-00032390: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-000323a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3820 mmands..17.4.28 \n-000323b0: 6661 6c73 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d false.----------\n-000323c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-000323d0: 3a20 6661 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 : false. Do \n-000323e0: 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2075 6e73 7563 6365 nothing, unsucce\n-000323f0: 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 ssfully. This i\n-00032400: 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 s mainly useful \n-00032410: 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 in control. \n-00032420: 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 constructs such \n-00032430: 6173 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 as ...if... and \n-00032440: e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ...while... (*no\n-00032450: 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 te Shell-like sc\n-00032460: 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ripting::).....F\n-00032470: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00032480: 204e 6f64 653a 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 Node: fwsetup, \n-00032490: 204e 6578 743a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 Next: gdbinfo, \n-000324a0: 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2055 Prev: false, U\n-000324b0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000324c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n-000324d0: 3920 6677 7365 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 fwsetup.------\n-000324e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-000324f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6677 7365 7475 7020 ommand: fwsetup \n-00032500: 5b2d 2d69 732d 7375 7070 6f72 7465 645d [--is-supported]\n-00032510: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 . Reboot int\n-00032520: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 o the firmware s\n-00032530: 6574 7570 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 20e2 etup menu. If .\n-00032540: 8098 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 706f 7274 6564 ..--is-supported\n-00032550: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 ... option is. \n-00032560: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 696e specified, in\n-00032570: 7374 6561 6420 6368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 stead check whet\n-00032580: 6865 7220 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 her the firmware\n-00032590: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6120 7365 7475 supports a setu\n-000325a0: 7020 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 p menu. and \n-000325b0: 6578 6974 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c exit successfull\n-000325c0: 7920 6966 2073 6f2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 y if so.....File\n-000325d0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000325e0: 6465 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 de: gdbinfo, Ne\n-000325f0: 7874 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5072 xt: gettext, Pr\n-00032600: 6576 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5570 ev: fwsetup, Up\n-00032610: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00032620: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3330 ommands..17.4.30\n-00032630: 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gdbinfo.-------\n-00032640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00032650: 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a20 mmand: gdbinfo. \n-00032660: 2020 2020 4f75 7470 7574 2074 6578 7420 Output text \n-00032670: 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 to be used as a \n-00032680: 4744 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 666f 7220 GDB command for \n-00032690: 6120 4744 4220 7365 7373 696f 6e20 7573 a GDB session us\n-000326a0: 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2067 6462 ing the. gdb\n-000326b0: 5f67 7275 6220 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 _grub script and\n-000326c0: 2061 7474 6163 6865 6420 746f 2061 2072 attached to a r\n-000326d0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 unning GRUB inst\n-000326e0: 616e 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2047 4442 0a20 ance. The GDB. \n-000326f0: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7468 6174 command that\n-00032700: 2069 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2077 696c 6c20 is output will \n-00032710: 7465 6c6c 2047 4442 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 tell GDB how to \n-00032720: 6c6f 6164 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2073 load debugging s\n-00032730: 796d 626f 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 ymbols. to t\n-00032740: 6865 6972 2070 726f 7065 7220 7275 6e74 heir proper runt\n-00032750: 696d 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 4375 ime address. Cu\n-00032760: 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6973 2069 7320 rrently this is \n-00032770: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 only available. \n-00032780: 2020 2020 666f 7220 4546 4920 706c 6174 for EFI plat\n-00032790: 666f 726d 732e 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 forms. See the \n-000327a0: 4465 6275 6767 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 Debugging in the\n-000327b0: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 0a20 2020 2020 developer. \n-000327c0: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f documentation fo\n-000327d0: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 r more informati\n-000327e0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-000327f0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 b.info, Node: g\n-00032800: 6574 7465 7874 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 ettext, Next: g\n-00032810: 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 ptsync, Prev: g\n-00032820: 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d dbinfo, Up: Com\n-00032830: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00032840: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3120 6765 7474 ds..17.4.31 gett\n-00032850: 6578 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ext.------------\n-00032860: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00032870: 3a20 6765 7474 6578 7420 7374 7269 6e67 : gettext string\n-00032880: 0a20 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 . Translate \n-00032890: 5354 5249 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 STRING into the \n-000328a0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 current language\n-000328b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 ... The curr\n-000328c0: 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 ent language cod\n-000328d0: 6520 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 e is stored in t\n-000328e0: 6865 20e2 8098 6c61 6e67 e280 9920 7661 he ...lang... va\n-000328f0: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 riable in. G\n-00032900: 5255 4227 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e RUB's environmen\n-00032910: 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 616e 673a 3a29 t (*note lang::)\n-00032920: 2e20 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 . Translation f\n-00032930: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 iles in MO forma\n-00032940: 740a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 t. are read \n-00032950: 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 from ...locale_d\n-00032960: 6972 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 ir... (*note loc\n-00032970: 616c 655f 6469 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 ale_dir::), usua\n-00032980: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f lly. .../boo\n-00032990: 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 t/grub/locale...\n-000329a0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000329b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 info, Node: gpt\n-000329c0: 7379 6e63 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 616c sync, Next: hal\n-000329d0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6765 7474 6578 t, Prev: gettex\n-000329e0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-000329f0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00032a00: 372e 342e 3332 2067 7074 7379 6e63 0a2d 7.4.32 gptsync.-\n-00032a10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00032a20: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 7074 -- Command: gpt\n-00032a30: 7379 6e63 2064 6576 6963 6520 5b70 6172 sync device [par\n-00032a40: 7469 7469 6f6e 5b2b 2f2d 5b74 7970 655d tition[+/-[type]\n-00032a50: 5d5d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 736b ]] .... Disk\n-00032a60: 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4755 4944 s using the GUID\n-00032a70: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 Partition Table\n-00032a80: 2028 4750 5429 2061 6c73 6f20 6861 7665 (GPT) also have\n-00032a90: 2061 206c 6567 6163 790a 2020 2020 204d a legacy. M\n-00032aa0: 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 aster Boot Recor\n-00032ab0: 6420 284d 4252 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f d (MBR) partitio\n-00032ac0: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 n table for comp\n-00032ad0: 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 2074 atibility with t\n-00032ae0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 he. BIOS and\n-00032af0: 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 6f70 6572 with older oper\n-00032b00: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 ating systems. \n-00032b10: 5468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d 4252 2063 The legacy MBR c\n-00032b20: 616e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2072 6570 an only. rep\n-00032b30: 7265 7365 6e74 2061 206c 696d 6974 6564 resent a limited\n-00032b40: 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2047 5054 2070 subset of GPT p\n-00032b50: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 7269 6573 artition entries\n-00032b60: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n-00032b70: 6d61 6e64 2070 6f70 756c 6174 6573 2074 mand populates t\n-00032b80: 6865 206c 6567 6163 7920 4d42 5220 7769 he legacy MBR wi\n-00032b90: 7468 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 th the specified\n-00032ba0: 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 PARTITION. \n-00032bb0: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2044 4556 4943 entries on DEVIC\n-00032bc0: 452e 2020 5570 2074 6f20 7468 7265 6520 E. Up to three \n-00032bd0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 partitions may b\n-00032be0: 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5459 e used... TY\n-00032bf0: 5045 2069 7320 616e 204d 4252 2070 6172 PE is an MBR par\n-00032c00: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 tition type code\n-00032c10: 3b20 7072 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 ; prefix with ..\n-00032c20: 9830 78e2 8099 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 .0x... if you wa\n-00032c30: 6e74 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 nt to. enter\n-00032c40: 2074 6869 7320 696e 2068 6578 6164 6563 this in hexadec\n-00032c50: 696d 616c 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6570 6172 imal. The separ\n-00032c60: 6174 6f72 2062 6574 7765 656e 2050 4152 ator between PAR\n-00032c70: 5449 5449 4f4e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 TITION and. \n-00032c80: 5459 5045 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 982b TYPE may be ...+\n-00032c90: e280 9920 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 ... to make the \n-00032ca0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6163 7469 7665 partition active\n-00032cb0: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2074 6f20 , or ...-... to \n-00032cc0: 6d61 6b65 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e61 make it. ina\n-00032cd0: 6374 6976 653b 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 ctive; only one \n-00032ce0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 partition may be\n-00032cf0: 2061 6374 6976 652e 2020 4966 2062 6f74 active. If bot\n-00032d00: 6820 7468 6520 7365 7061 7261 746f 720a h the separator.\n-00032d10: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 7970 6520 6172 and type ar\n-00032d20: 6520 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 e omitted, then \n-00032d30: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 the partition wi\n-00032d40: 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 6163 7469 7665 2e0a ll be inactive..\n-00032d50: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00032d60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 616c 742c fo, Node: halt,\n-00032d70: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d2c Next: hashsum,\n-00032d80: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c Prev: gptsync,\n-00032d90: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00032da0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00032db0: 342e 3333 2068 616c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.33 halt.------\n-00032dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00032dd0: 616e 643a 2068 616c 7420 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d and: halt [--no-\n-00032de0: 6170 6d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f apm]. The co\n-00032df0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6861 6c74 7320 7468 6520 mmand halts the \n-00032e00: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 computer. On th\n-00032e10: 6520 6933 3836 2d70 6320 7461 7267 6574 e i386-pc target\n-00032e20: 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d , the. ...--\n-00032e30: 6e6f 2d61 706d e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e no-apm... option\n-00032e40: 2c20 6f72 2073 686f 7274 20e2 8098 2d6e , or short ...-n\n-00032e50: e280 992c 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 ..., is specifie\n-00032e60: 642c 206e 6f20 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 d, no APM BIOS c\n-00032e70: 616c 6c20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7266 all is. perf\n-00032e80: 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 ormed. Otherwis\n-00032e90: 652c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 e, the computer \n-00032ea0: 6973 2073 6875 7420 646f 776e 2075 7369 is shut down usi\n-00032eb0: 6e67 2041 504d 206f 6e20 7468 6174 0a20 ng APM on that. \n-00032ec0: 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 target.....F\n-00032ed0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00032ee0: 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 Node: hashsum, \n-00032ef0: 204e 6578 743a 2068 656c 702c 2020 5072 Next: help, Pr\n-00032f00: 6576 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: halt, Up: C\n-00032f10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00032f20: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3420 6861 ands..17.4.34 ha\n-00032f30: 7368 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d shsum.----------\n-00032f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00032f50: 6e64 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 nd: hashsum --ha\n-00032f60: 7368 2068 6173 6820 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 sh hash --keep-g\n-00032f70: 6f69 6e67 202d 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 oing --uncompres\n-00032f80: 7320 2d2d 6368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 s --check file. \n-00032f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7072 6566 [--pref\n-00032fa0: 6978 2064 6972 5d7c 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e ix dir]|file ...\n-00032fb0: 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 . Compute or\n-00032fc0: 2076 6572 6966 7920 6669 6c65 2068 6173 verify file has\n-00032fd0: 6865 732e 2020 4861 7368 2074 7970 6520 hes. Hash type \n-00032fe0: 6973 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7769 7468 is selected with\n-00032ff0: 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 option. ...\n-00033000: 2d2d 6861 7368 e280 992e 2020 5375 7070 --hash.... Supp\n-00033010: 6f72 7465 6420 6861 7368 6573 2061 7265 orted hashes are\n-00033020: 3a20 e280 9861 646c 6572 3332 e280 992c : ...adler32...,\n-00033030: 20e2 8098 6372 6336 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 ...crc64..., ..\n-00033040: 9863 7263 3332 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 .crc32...,. \n-00033050: e280 9863 7263 3332 7266 6331 3531 30e2 ...crc32rfc1510.\n-00033060: 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3234 7266 6332 .., ...crc24rfc2\n-00033070: 3434 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6434 e280 440..., ...md4..\n-00033080: 992c 20e2 8098 6d64 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 ., ...md5..., ..\n-00033090: 9872 6970 656d 6431 3630 e280 992c 20e2 .ripemd160..., .\n-000330a0: 8098 7368 6131 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 ..sha1...,. \n-000330b0: e280 9873 6861 3232 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 ...sha224..., ..\n-000330c0: 9873 6861 3235 36e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 .sha256..., ...s\n-000330d0: 6861 3531 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 ha512..., ...sha\n-000330e0: 3338 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 384..., ...tiger\n-000330f0: 3139 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 192..., ...tiger\n-00033100: e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 6967 ...,. ...tig\n-00033110: 6572 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9877 6869 726c er2..., ...whirl\n-00033120: 706f 6f6c e280 992e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e pool.... Option\n-00033130: 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 ...--uncompress\n-00033140: e280 9920 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6573 ... uncompresses\n-00033150: 2066 696c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6265 666f files. befo\n-00033160: 7265 2063 6f6d 7075 7469 6e67 2068 6173 re computing has\n-00033170: 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6c69 h... When li\n-00033180: 7374 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7320 6973 2067 st of files is g\n-00033190: 6976 656e 2c20 6861 7368 206f 6620 6561 iven, hash of ea\n-000331a0: 6368 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f6d 7075 ch file is compu\n-000331b0: 7465 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 7269 ted and. pri\n-000331c0: 6e74 6564 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 nted, followed b\n-000331d0: 7920 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2065 6163 y file name, eac\n-000331e0: 6820 6669 6c65 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7720 h file on a new \n-000331f0: 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e line... When\n-00033200: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d63 6865 option ...--che\n-00033210: 636b e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 ck... is given, \n-00033220: 6974 2070 6f69 6e74 7320 746f 2061 2066 it points to a f\n-00033230: 696c 6520 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ile that contain\n-00033240: 730a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2048 s. list of H\n-00033250: 4153 4820 4e41 4d45 2070 6169 7273 2069 ASH NAME pairs i\n-00033260: 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 n the same forma\n-00033270: 7420 6173 2075 7365 6420 6279 2055 4e49 t as used by UNI\n-00033280: 5820 e280 986d 6435 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 X ...md5sum.... \n-00033290: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 4f70 command. Op\n-000332a0: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 tion ...--prefix\n-000332b0: e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 ... may be used \n-000332c0: 746f 2067 6976 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 to give director\n-000332d0: 7920 7768 6572 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c y where. fil\n-000332e0: 6573 2061 7265 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2e20 es are located. \n-000332f0: 2048 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 Hash verificati\n-00033300: 6f6e 2073 746f 7073 2061 6674 6572 2074 on stops after t\n-00033310: 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 he first. mi\n-00033320: 736d 6174 6368 2077 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 smatch was found\n-00033330: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 unless option .\n-00033340: 8098 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 e280 ..--keep-going..\n-00033350: 9920 7761 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 . was given. Th\n-00033360: 650a 2020 2020 2065 7869 7420 636f 6465 e. exit code\n-00033370: 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 ...$?... is set\n-00033380: 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2068 6173 6820 7665 to 0 if hash ve\n-00033390: 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 rification is su\n-000333a0: 6363 6573 7366 756c 2e20 2049 660a 2020 ccessful. If. \n-000333b0: 2020 2069 7420 6661 696c 732c 20e2 8098 it fails, ...\n-000333c0: 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 $?... is set to \n-000333d0: 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e a nonzero value.\n-000333e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000333f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 nfo, Node: help\n-00033400: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 , Next: hexdump\n-00033410: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6173 6873 756d , Prev: hashsum\n-00033420: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00033430: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00033440: 2e34 2e33 3520 6865 6c70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.35 help.-----\n-00033450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00033460: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 6c70 205b 7061 7474 mand: help [patt\n-00033470: 6572 6e20 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4469 ern ...]. Di\n-00033480: 7370 6c61 7920 6865 6c70 6675 6c20 696e splay helpful in\n-00033490: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 formation about \n-000334a0: 6275 696c 7469 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 builtin commands\n-000334b0: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 . If you do not\n-000334c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7920 5041 . specify PA\n-000334d0: 5454 4552 4e2c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d TTERN, this comm\n-000334e0: 616e 6420 7368 6f77 7320 7368 6f72 7420 and shows short \n-000334f0: 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e73 206f 6620 descriptions of \n-00033500: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 all. availab\n-00033510: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 le commands... \n-00033520: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 If you specif\n-00033530: 7920 616e 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2c20 y any PATTERNS, \n-00033540: 6974 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 6c6f 6e67 it displays long\n-00033550: 6572 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 er information a\n-00033560: 626f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6561 6368 206f bout. each o\n-00033570: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 f the commands w\n-00033580: 686f 7365 206e 616d 6573 2062 6567 696e hose names begin\n-00033590: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6f73 6520 5041 5454 with those PATT\n-000335a0: 4552 4e53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ERNS.....File: g\n-000335b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000335c0: 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a hexdump, Next:\n-000335d0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 insmod, Prev: \n-000335e0: 6865 6c70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 help, Up: Comma\n-000335f0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00033600: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3620 6865 7864 756d ..17.4.36 hexdum\n-00033610: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n-00033620: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00033630: 6865 7864 756d 7020 5b2d 2d73 6b69 7020 hexdump [--skip \n-00033640: 6f66 6673 6574 5d20 5b2d 2d6c 656e 6774 offset] [--lengt\n-00033650: 6820 6c65 6e5d 2046 494c 455f 4f52 5f44 h len] FILE_OR_D\n-00033660: 4556 4943 450a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 EVICE. Show \n-00033670: 7261 7720 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 raw contents of \n-00033680: 6120 6669 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 a file or memory\n-00033690: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 . When option .\n-000336a0: 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 9920 6973 0a20 ..--skip... is. \n-000336b0: 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 20e2 8098 6f66 given, ...of\n-000336c0: 6673 6574 e280 9920 6e75 6d62 6572 206f fset... number o\n-000336d0: 6620 6279 7465 7320 6172 6520 736b 6970 f bytes are skip\n-000336e0: 7065 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 ped from the sta\n-000336f0: 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 rt of the. d\n-00033700: 6576 6963 6520 6f72 2066 696c 6520 6769 evice or file gi\n-00033710: 7665 6e2e 2020 416e 6420 e280 982d 2d6c ven. And ...--l\n-00033720: 656e 6774 68e2 8099 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 ength... allows \n-00033730: 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 206d 6178 specifying a max\n-00033740: 696d 756d 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 imum. number\n-00033750: 206f 6620 6279 7465 7320 746f 2062 6520 of bytes to be \n-00033760: 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 shown... If \n-00033770: 6769 7665 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 given the specia\n-00033780: 6c20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 20e2 l device named .\n-00033790: 8098 286d 656d 29e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e ..(mem)..., then\n-000337a0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 the ...offset..\n-000337b0: 9920 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 . given. to \n-000337c0: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 7320 ...--skip... is \n-000337d0: 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2074 6865 2061 treated as the a\n-000337e0: 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6d6f ddress of a memo\n-000337f0: 7279 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2064 ry location to d\n-00033800: 756d 700a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a ump. from...\n-00033810: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00033820: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 o, Node: insmod\n-00033830: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206b 6579 7374 6174 , Next: keystat\n-00033840: 7573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6578 6475 us, Prev: hexdu\n-00033850: 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 mp, Up: Command\n-00033860: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00033870: 3137 2e34 2e33 3720 696e 736d 6f64 0a2d 17.4.37 insmod.-\n-00033880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00033890: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 736d -- Command: insm\n-000338a0: 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 2049 od module. I\n-000338b0: 6e73 6572 7420 7468 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 nsert the dynami\n-000338c0: 6320 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6361 c GRUB module ca\n-000338d0: 6c6c 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a lled MODULE.....\n-000338e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000338f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 Node: keystatu\n-00033900: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 s, Next: list_e\n-00033910: 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f nv, Prev: insmo\n-00033920: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d d, Up: Command-\n-00033930: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00033940: 372e 342e 3338 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 7.4.38 keystatus\n-00033950: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00033960: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00033970: 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 205b 2d2d 7368 keystatus [--sh\n-00033980: 6966 745d 205b 2d2d 6374 726c 5d20 5b2d ift] [--ctrl] [-\n-00033990: 2d61 6c74 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 -alt]. Retur\n-000339a0: 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 5368 n true if the Sh\n-000339b0: 6966 742c 2043 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2c20 6f72 ift, Control, or\n-000339c0: 2041 6c74 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 6b65 Alt modifier ke\n-000339d0: 7973 2061 7265 2068 656c 640a 2020 2020 ys are held. \n-000339e0: 2064 6f77 6e2c 2061 7320 7265 7175 6573 down, as reques\n-000339f0: 7465 6420 6279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 ted by options. \n-00033a00: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 This is useful \n-00033a10: 696e 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 746f in scripting, to\n-00033a20: 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 736f 6d65 . allow some\n-00033a30: 2075 7365 7220 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6f76 user control ov\n-00033a40: 6572 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 2077 6974 er behaviour wit\n-00033a50: 686f 7574 2068 6176 696e 6720 746f 2077 hout having to w\n-00033a60: 6169 7420 666f 7220 610a 2020 2020 206b ait for a. k\n-00033a70: 6579 7072 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 eypress... C\n-00033a80: 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 hecking key modi\n-00033a90: 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 206f fier status is o\n-00033aa0: 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e nly supported on\n-00033ab0: 2073 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e some platforms.\n-00033ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 . If invoked\n-00033ad0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 206f 7074 without any opt\n-00033ae0: 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986b 6579 ions, the ...key\n-00033af0: 7374 6174 7573 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e status... comman\n-00033b00: 6420 7265 7475 726e 730a 2020 2020 2074 d returns. t\n-00033b10: 7275 6520 6966 2061 6e64 206f 6e6c 7920 rue if and only \n-00033b20: 6966 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 if checking key \n-00033b30: 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 modifier status \n-00033b40: 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a1f is supported....\n-00033b50: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00033b60: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e , Node: list_en\n-00033b70: 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 v, Next: list_t\n-00033b80: 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206b rusted, Prev: k\n-00033b90: 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 eystatus, Up: C\n-00033ba0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00033bb0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3920 6c69 ands..17.4.39 li\n-00033bc0: 7374 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d st_env.---------\n-00033bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00033be0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 205b mand: list_env [\n-00033bf0: 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 --file file]. \n-00033c00: 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 List all varia\n-00033c10: 626c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656e 7669 bles in the envi\n-00033c20: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 ronment block fi\n-00033c30: 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 le. *Note. \n-00033c40: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 Environment bloc\n-00033c50: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 k::... The .\n-00033c60: 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 ..--file... opti\n-00033c70: 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 on overrides the\n-00033c80: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f default locatio\n-00033c90: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e n of the. en\n-00033ca0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e vironment block.\n-00033cb0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00033cc0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 nfo, Node: list\n-00033cd0: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a _trusted, Next:\n-00033ce0: 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 load_env, Prev\n-00033cf0: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a : list_env, Up:\n-00033d00: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00033d10: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3020 mmands..17.4.40 \n-00033d20: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d list_trusted.---\n-00033d30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00033d40: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00033d50: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a20 2020 list_trusted. \n-00033d60: 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 List all publi\n-00033d70: 6320 6b65 7973 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 c keys trusted b\n-00033d80: 7920 4752 5542 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 y GRUB for valid\n-00033d90: 6174 696e 6720 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 ating signatures\n-00033da0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7574 7075 .. The outpu\n-00033db0: 7420 6973 2069 6e20 4750 4727 7320 7634 t is in GPG's v4\n-00033dc0: 206b 6579 2066 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 key fingerprint\n-00033dd0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 format (i.e., t\n-00033de0: 6865 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 206f he output. o\n-00033df0: 6620 e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 f ...gpg --finge\n-00033e00: 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 rprint...). The\n-00033e10: 206c 6561 7374 2073 6967 6e69 6669 6361 least significa\n-00033e20: 6e74 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 286c nt four bytes (l\n-00033e30: 6173 740a 2020 2020 2065 6967 6874 2068 ast. eight h\n-00033e40: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 exadecimal digit\n-00033e50: 7329 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 s) can be used a\n-00033e60: 7320 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f s an argument to\n-00033e70: 20e2 8098 6469 7374 7275 7374 e280 990a ...distrust....\n-00033e80: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 (*note dist\n-00033e90: 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 rust::). *Note \n-00033ea0: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n-00033eb0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 gnatures::, for \n-00033ec0: 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d more. inform\n-00033ed0: 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7573 6573 ation about uses\n-00033ee0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 206b 6579 732e for these keys.\n-00033ef0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00033f00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 nfo, Node: load\n-00033f10: 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 _env, Next: loa\n-00033f20: 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 dfont, Prev: li\n-00033f30: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2055 703a st_trusted, Up:\n-00033f40: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00033f50: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3120 mmands..17.4.41 \n-00033f60: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d load_env.-------\n-00033f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00033f80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 ommand: load_env\n-00033f90: 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 205b [--file file] [\n-00033fa0: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d0a 2020 2020 --skip-sig]. \n-00033fb0: 2020 2020 2020 5b77 6869 7465 6c69 7374 [whitelist\n-00033fc0: 6564 5f76 6172 6961 626c 655f 6e61 6d65 ed_variable_name\n-00033fd0: 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 ] .... Load \n-00033fe0: 616c 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 all variables fr\n-00033ff0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 om the environme\n-00034000: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 6520 696e nt block file in\n-00034010: 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 to the. envi\n-00034020: 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 ronment. *Note \n-00034030: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 Environment bloc\n-00034040: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 k::... The .\n-00034050: 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 ..--file... opti\n-00034060: 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 on overrides the\n-00034070: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f default locatio\n-00034080: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e n of the. en\n-00034090: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e vironment block.\n-000340a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d .. The ...--\n-000340b0: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 skip-sig... opti\n-000340c0: 6f6e 2073 6b69 7073 2073 6967 6e61 7475 on skips signatu\n-000340d0: 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 6576 656e re checking even\n-000340e0: 2077 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 when the. v\n-000340f0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d alue of environm\n-00034100: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n-00034110: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-00034120: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 ... is set to. \n-00034130: 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 ...enforce...\n-00034140: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 (*note check_si\n-00034150: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 gnatures::)... \n-00034160: 2020 2049 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 If one or mor\n-00034170: 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 e variable names\n-00034180: 2061 7265 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6173 are provided as\n-00034190: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7468 6579 arguments, they\n-000341a0: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7270 are. interp\n-000341b0: 7265 7465 6420 6173 2061 2077 6869 7465 reted as a white\n-000341c0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7661 7269 6162 6c65 list of variable\n-000341d0: 7320 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 s to load from t\n-000341e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d he. environm\n-000341f0: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 ent block file. \n-00034200: 2056 6172 6961 626c 6573 2073 6574 2069 Variables set i\n-00034210: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2062 7574 206e n the file but n\n-00034220: 6f74 2070 7265 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 ot present. \n-00034230: 696e 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 in the whitelist\n-00034240: 2061 7265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 are ignored... \n-00034250: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 The ...--ski\n-00034260: 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 p-sig... option \n-00034270: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2077 should be used w\n-00034280: 6974 6820 6361 7265 2c20 616e 6420 7368 ith care, and sh\n-00034290: 6f75 6c64 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 ould always. \n-000342a0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 636f 6e63 be used in conc\n-000342b0: 6572 7420 7769 7468 2061 2077 6869 7465 ert with a white\n-000342c0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 6365 7074 6162 list of acceptab\n-000342d0: 6c65 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 686f le variables who\n-000342e0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6573 2073 se. values s\n-000342f0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 6574 2e20 2046 hould be set. F\n-00034300: 6169 6c75 7265 2074 6f20 656d 706c 6f79 ailure to employ\n-00034310: 2061 2063 6172 6566 756c 6c79 2063 6f6e a carefully con\n-00034320: 7374 7275 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7768 structed. wh\n-00034330: 6974 656c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 7265 itelist could re\n-00034340: 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 sult in reading \n-00034350: 6120 6d61 6c69 6369 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 a malicious valu\n-00034360: 6520 696e 746f 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a e into critical.\n-00034370: 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 environment\n-00034380: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 variables from \n-00034390: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 the file, such a\n-000343a0: 7320 7365 7474 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 s setting. .\n-000343b0: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n-000343c0: 6573 3d6e 6fe2 8099 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 es=no..., modify\n-000343d0: 696e 6720 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 ing ...prefix...\n-000343e0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 616e to boot from an\n-000343f0: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6578 7065 6374 6564 . unexpected\n-00034400: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f72 206e 6f74 location or not\n-00034410: 2061 7420 616c 6c2c 2065 7463 2e0a 0a20 at all, etc... \n-00034420: 2020 2020 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 When used wi\n-00034430: 7468 2063 6172 652c 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b th care, ...--sk\n-00034440: 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 ip-sig... and th\n-00034450: 6520 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 656e 6162 e whitelist enab\n-00034460: 6c65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 646d 696e le an. admin\n-00034470: 6973 7472 6174 6f72 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 istrator to conf\n-00034480: 6967 7572 6520 6120 7379 7374 656d 2074 igure a system t\n-00034490: 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 6e6c 7920 7369 676e o boot only sign\n-000344a0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ed. configur\n-000344b0: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 746f 2061 ations, but to a\n-000344c0: 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f llow the user to\n-000344d0: 2073 656c 6563 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6d6f select from amo\n-000344e0: 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c 650a 2020 2020 ng multiple. \n-000344f0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c configurations,\n-00034500: 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2022 and to enable \"\n-00034510: 6f6e 652d 7368 6f74 2220 626f 6f74 2061 one-shot\" boot a\n-00034520: 7474 656d 7074 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 ttempts and. \n-00034530: 2022 7361 7665 6465 6661 756c 7422 2062 \"savedefault\" b\n-00034540: 6568 6176 696f 722e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 ehavior. *Note \n-00034550: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n-00034560: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 gnatures::, for \n-00034570: 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d more. inform\n-00034580: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n-00034590: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000345a0: 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 : loadfont, Nex\n-000345b0: 743a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 t: loopback, Pr\n-000345c0: 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 ev: load_env, U\n-000345d0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000345e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n-000345f0: 3220 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 loadfont.-----\n-00034600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00034610: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f Command: loadfo\n-00034620: 6e74 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 nt file .... \n-00034630: 204c 6f61 6420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 Load specified \n-00034640: 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2055 6e6c font files. Unl\n-00034650: 6573 7320 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2070 6174 ess absolute pat\n-00034660: 686e 616d 6520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 hname is given, \n-00034670: 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7373 FILE. is ass\n-00034680: 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 6469 umed to be in di\n-00034690: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9824 7072 6566 rectory ...$pref\n-000346a0: 6978 2f66 6f6e 7473 e280 9920 7769 7468 ix/fonts... with\n-000346b0: 2073 7566 6669 7820 e280 982e 7066 32e2 suffix ....pf2.\n-000346c0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 ... appended\n-000346d0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 . *Note Fonts: \n-000346e0: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n-000346f0: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n-00034700: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f .info, Node: lo\n-00034710: 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c opback, Next: l\n-00034720: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f s, Prev: loadfo\n-00034730: 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nt, Up: Command\n-00034740: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00034750: 3137 2e34 2e34 3320 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 17.4.43 loopback\n-00034760: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00034770: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00034780: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 205b 2d64 5d20 5b2d loopback [-d] [-\n-00034790: 445d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 D] device file. \n-000347a0: 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2074 6865 2064 6576 Make the dev\n-000347b0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4445 5649 4345 ice named DEVICE\n-000347c0: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 correspond to t\n-000347d0: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 he contents of t\n-000347e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 he. filesyst\n-000347f0: 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 em image in FILE\n-00034800: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a . For example:.\n-00034810: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 . loopb\n-00034820: 6163 6b20 6c6f 6f70 3020 2f70 6174 682f ack loop0 /path/\n-00034830: 746f 2f69 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 to/image. \n-00034840: 2020 206c 7320 286c 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a ls (loop0)/..\n-00034850: 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 Specifying \n-00034860: 7468 6520 e280 982d 44e2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-D... opt\n-00034870: 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 206c ion allows the l\n-00034880: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 oopback file to \n-00034890: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 7061 7265 be. tranpare\n-000348a0: 6e74 6c79 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 ntly decompresse\n-000348b0: 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616e d if there is an\n-000348c0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2064 6563 appropriate dec\n-000348d0: 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 720a 2020 2020 206c ompressor. l\n-000348e0: 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 oaded... Wit\n-000348f0: 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 64e2 8099 206f h the ...-d... o\n-00034900: 7074 696f 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 6520 6120 ption, delete a \n-00034910: 6465 7669 6365 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c device previousl\n-00034920: 7920 6372 6561 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 y created using \n-00034930: 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e this. comman\n-00034940: 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 d.....File: grub\n-00034950: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .info, Node: ls\n-00034960: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 , Next: lsfonts\n-00034970: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 , Prev: loopbac\n-00034980: 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d k, Up: Command-\n-00034990: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-000349a0: 372e 342e 3434 206c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.44 ls.------\n-000349b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-000349c0: 643a 206c 7320 5b61 7267 202e 2e2e 5d0a d: ls [arg ...].\n-000349d0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 List device\n-000349e0: 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 s or files... \n-000349f0: 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 With no argume\n-00034a00: 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c 2064 nts, print all d\n-00034a10: 6576 6963 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 evices known to \n-00034a20: 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 GRUB... If t\n-00034a30: 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 he argument is a\n-00034a40: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2065 6e63 device name enc\n-00034a50: 6c6f 7365 6420 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 losed in parenth\n-00034a60: 6573 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 eses (*note. \n-00034a70: 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a Device syntax::\n-00034a80: 292c 2074 6865 6e20 7072 696e 7420 7468 ), then print th\n-00034a90: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 e name of the fi\n-00034aa0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206f 6620 7468 6174 lesystem of that\n-00034ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 . device... \n-00034ac0: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d If the argum\n-00034ad0: 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f ent is a directo\n-00034ae0: 7279 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 616e 2061 ry given as an a\n-00034af0: 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d bsolute file nam\n-00034b00: 650a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 e. (*note Fi\n-00034b10: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a le name syntax::\n-00034b20: 292c 2074 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 ), then list the\n-00034b30: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6861 contents of tha\n-00034b40: 740a 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 t. directory\n-00034b50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00034b60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 info, Node: lsf\n-00034b70: 6f6e 7473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 736d onts, Next: lsm\n-00034b80: 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 732c 2020 od, Prev: ls, \n-00034b90: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00034ba0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00034bb0: 3435 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 45 lsfonts.-----\n-00034bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00034bd0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 Command: lsfonts\n-00034be0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 . List loade\n-00034bf0: 6420 666f 6e74 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 d fonts.....File\n-00034c00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00034c10: 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 de: lsmod, Next\n-00034c20: 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a : md5sum, Prev:\n-00034c30: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 lsfonts, Up: C\n-00034c40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00034c50: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3620 6c73 ands..17.4.46 ls\n-00034c60: 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mod.------------\n-00034c70: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00034c80: 6c73 6d6f 640a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 lsmod. Show \n-00034c90: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6c6f 6164 6564 206d list of loaded m\n-00034ca0: 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a odules.....File:\n-00034cb0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00034cc0: 653a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 e: md5sum, Next\n-00034cd0: 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a : module, Prev:\n-00034ce0: 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d lsmod, Up: Com\n-00034cf0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00034d00: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3720 6d64 3573 ds..17.4.47 md5s\n-00034d10: 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d um.-------------\n-00034d20: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00034d30: 6d64 3573 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 md5sum arg .... \n-00034d40: 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 Alias for ..\n-00034d50: 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 .hashsum --hash \n-00034d60: 6d64 3520 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 md5 arg ....... \n-00034d70: 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 See command ...\n-00034d80: 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 hashsum.... \n-00034d90: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n-00034da0: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n-00034db0: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n-00034dc0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00034dd0: 653a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 e: module, Next\n-00034de0: 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 : multiboot, Pr\n-00034df0: 6576 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2055 703a ev: md5sum, Up:\n-00034e00: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00034e10: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3820 mmands..17.4.48 \n-00034e20: 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d module.---------\n-00034e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00034e40: 6e64 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f nd: module [--no\n-00034e50: 756e 7a69 705d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 unzip] file [arg\n-00034e60: 756d 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 uments]. Loa\n-00034e70: 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 206d d a module for m\n-00034e80: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ultiboot kernel \n-00034e90: 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 image. The rest\n-00034ea0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a of the line is.\n-00034eb0: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 passed verb\n-00034ec0: 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 atim as the modu\n-00034ed0: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e le command line.\n-00034ee0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00034ef0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 nfo, Node: mult\n-00034f00: 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e61 iboot, Next: na\n-00034f10: 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2050 7265 763a tivedisk, Prev:\n-00034f20: 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f module, Up: Co\n-00034f30: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00034f40: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3439 206d 756c nds..17.4.49 mul\n-00034f50: 7469 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tiboot.---------\n-00034f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00034f70: 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 mmand: multiboot\n-00034f80: 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c [--quirk-bad-kl\n-00034f90: 7564 6765 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 udge]. \n-00034fa0: 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 [--quirk-modules\n-00034fb0: 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 -after-kernel] f\n-00034fc0: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ile .... Loa\n-00034fd0: 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 d a multiboot ke\n-00034fe0: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 rnel image from \n-00034ff0: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 FILE. The rest \n-00035000: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 of the line is. \n-00035010: 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 passed verba\n-00035020: 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 tim as the ...ke\n-00035030: 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e rnel command-lin\n-00035040: 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 756c e.... Any modul\n-00035050: 6520 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 e must be. r\n-00035060: 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 eloaded after us\n-00035070: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ing this command\n-00035080: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a (*note module::\n-00035090: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 )... Some ke\n-000350a0: 726e 656c 7320 6861 7665 206b 6e6f 776e rnels have known\n-000350b0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 596f 7520 problems. You \n-000350c0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 need to specify \n-000350d0: 2d71 7569 726b 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 -quirk-* for. \n-000350e0: 2020 7468 6f73 652e 2020 2d71 7569 726b those. -quirk\n-000350f0: 2d62 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 6520 6973 2061 -bad-kludge is a\n-00035100: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2073 6565 6e20 696e problem seen in\n-00035110: 2073 6576 6572 616c 2070 726f 6475 6374 several product\n-00035120: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 6579 s. that they\n-00035130: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 include loading\n-00035140: 206b 6c75 6467 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 kludge informat\n-00035150: 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2069 6e76 616c 6964 ion with invalid\n-00035160: 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 454c data in. EL\n-00035170: 4620 6669 6c65 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7072 F file. GRUB pr\n-00035180: 696f 7220 746f 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 ior to 0.97 and \n-00035190: 736f 6d65 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6275 696c some custom buil\n-000351a0: 6473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2045 4c46 ds preferred ELF\n-000351b0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n-000351c0: 6e20 7768 696c 6520 302e 3937 2061 6e64 n while 0.97 and\n-000351d0: 2047 5255 4220 3220 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 GRUB 2 use klud\n-000351e0: 6765 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 ge. Use this op\n-000351f0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 676e tion to. ign\n-00035200: 6f72 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f ore kludge. Kno\n-00035210: 776e 2061 6666 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 wn affected syst\n-00035220: 656d 733a 206f 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 ems: old Solaris\n-00035230: 2c20 536b 794f 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 202d , SkyOS... -\n-00035240: 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 quirk-modules-af\n-00035250: 7465 722d 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 6e65 ter-kernel is ne\n-00035260: 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 eded for kernels\n-00035270: 2077 6869 6368 206c 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 which load at. \n-00035280: 2020 2020 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2068 relatively h\n-00035290: 6967 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 652e 672e igh address e.g.\n-000352a0: 2020 3136 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 16MiB mark and\n-000352b0: 2063 616e 2774 2063 6f70 6520 7769 7468 can't cope with\n-000352c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7374 . modules st\n-000352d0: 7566 6665 6420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d uffed between 1M\n-000352e0: 6942 206d 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6265 6769 iB mark and begi\n-000352f0: 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 nning of the ker\n-00035300: 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 nel.. Known \n-00035310: 6166 6674 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d afftected system\n-00035320: 733a 2056 4d57 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 s: VMWare.....Fi\n-00035330: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00035340: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b Node: nativedisk\n-00035350: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c , Next: normal,\n-00035360: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Prev: multiboo\n-00035370: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-00035380: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00035390: 372e 342e 3530 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 7.4.50 nativedis\n-000353a0: 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d k.--------------\n-000353b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-000353c0: 643a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2020 d: nativedisk. \n-000353d0: 2020 2053 7769 7463 6820 6672 6f6d 2066 Switch from f\n-000353e0: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 irmware disk dri\n-000353f0: 7665 7273 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 206f vers to native o\n-00035400: 6e65 732e 2020 5265 616c 6c79 2075 7365 nes. Really use\n-00035410: 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e ful. only on\n-00035420: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 platforms where\n-00035430: 2062 6f74 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 2061 both firmware a\n-00035440: 6e64 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b 2064 nd native disk d\n-00035450: 7269 7665 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 rives are. a\n-00035460: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2043 7572 7265 vailable. Curre\n-00035470: 6e74 6c79 2069 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 ntly i386-pc, i3\n-00035480: 3836 2d65 6669 2c20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 86-efi, i386-iee\n-00035490: 6531 3237 3520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2078 e1275 and. x\n-000354a0: 3836 5f36 342d 6566 692e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 86_64-efi.....Fi\n-000354b0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000354c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e Node: normal, N\n-000354d0: 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 ext: normal_exit\n-000354e0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6174 6976 6564 , Prev: natived\n-000354f0: 6973 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e isk, Up: Comman\n-00035500: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00035510: 0a31 372e 342e 3531 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a .17.4.51 normal.\n-00035520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00035530: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 -- Command: nor\n-00035540: 6d61 6c20 5b66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 mal [file]. \n-00035550: 456e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 Enter normal mod\n-00035560: 6520 616e 6420 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 e and display th\n-00035570: 6520 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 e GRUB menu... \n-00035580: 2020 2049 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 In normal mod\n-00035590: 652c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2066 696c e, commands, fil\n-000355a0: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c esystem modules,\n-000355b0: 2061 6e64 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 and cryptograph\n-000355c0: 790a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 y. modules a\n-000355d0: 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 re automatically\n-000355e0: 206c 6f61 6465 642c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 loaded, and the\n-000355f0: 2066 756c 6c20 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 full GRUB scrip\n-00035600: 7420 7061 7273 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 t parser. is\n-00035610: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 available. Oth\n-00035620: 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 2062 er modules may b\n-00035630: 6520 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 e explicitly loa\n-00035640: 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 ded using. .\n-00035650: 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ..insmod... (*no\n-00035660: 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 te insmod::)... \n-00035670: 2020 2020 4966 2061 2046 494c 4520 6973 If a FILE is\n-00035680: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6f6d given, then com\n-00035690: 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 mands will be re\n-000356a0: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6174 2066 696c ad from that fil\n-000356b0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 e.. Otherwis\n-000356c0: 652c 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 e, they will be \n-000356d0: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9824 7072 read from ...$pr\n-000356e0: 6566 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 efix/grub.cfg...\n-000356f0: 2069 6620 6974 2065 7869 7374 732e 0a0a if it exists...\n-00035700: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 ...normal..\n-00035710: 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2063 616c 6c65 6420 . may be called \n-00035720: 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d from within norm\n-00035730: 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 7265 6174 696e al mode, creatin\n-00035740: 6720 6120 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 g a nested. \n-00035750: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 4974 environment. It\n-00035760: 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 616c 2074 is more usual t\n-00035770: 6f20 7573 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 o use ...configf\n-00035780: 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ile... (*note. \n-00035790: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 configfile::)\n-000357a0: 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 for this.....Fi\n-000357b0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000357c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 Node: normal_exi\n-000357d0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7274 746f t, Next: partto\n-000357e0: 6f6c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 ol, Prev: norma\n-000357f0: 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d l, Up: Command-\n-00035800: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00035810: 372e 342e 3532 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 7.4.52 normal_ex\n-00035820: 6974 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d it.-------------\n-00035830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00035840: 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 and: normal_exit\n-00035850: 0a20 2020 2020 4578 6974 206e 6f72 6d61 . Exit norma\n-00035860: 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f l mode (*note no\n-00035870: 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 6869 rmal::). If thi\n-00035880: 7320 696e 7374 616e 6365 206f 6620 6e6f s instance of no\n-00035890: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2077 rmal mode. w\n-000358a0: 6173 206e 6f74 206e 6573 7465 6420 7769 as not nested wi\n-000358b0: 7468 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206f 6e65 thin another one\n-000358c0: 2c20 7468 656e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f , then return to\n-000358d0: 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f rescue mode....\n-000358e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000358f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f , Node: parttoo\n-00035900: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f l, Next: passwo\n-00035910: 7264 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 rd, Prev: norma\n-00035920: 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d l_exit, Up: Com\n-00035930: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00035940: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3320 7061 7274 ds..17.4.53 part\n-00035950: 746f 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tool.-----------\n-00035960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00035970: 6e64 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2070 6172 nd: parttool par\n-00035980: 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a tition commands.\n-00035990: 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7661 7269 6f75 Make variou\n-000359a0: 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 s modifications \n-000359b0: 746f 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 to partition tab\n-000359c0: 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 le entries... \n-000359d0: 2020 4561 6368 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 2069 Each COMMAND i\n-000359e0: 7320 6569 7468 6572 2061 2062 6f6f 6c65 s either a boole\n-000359f0: 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e20 7768 an option, in wh\n-00035a00: 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6d75 7374 ich case it must\n-00035a10: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 be. followe\n-00035a20: 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 206f d with ...+... o\n-00035a30: 7220 e280 982d e280 9920 2877 6974 6820 r ...-... (with \n-00035a40: 6e6f 2069 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 no intervening s\n-00035a50: 7061 6365 2920 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 pace) to enable \n-00035a60: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6520 or. disable \n-00035a70: 7468 6174 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 that option, or \n-00035a80: 656c 7365 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 6120 else it takes a \n-00035a90: 7661 6c75 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f72 value in the for\n-00035aa0: 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 434f 4d4d 414e m. ...COMMAN\n-00035ab0: 443d 5641 4c55 45e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 D=VALUE...... \n-00035ac0: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 20e2 8098 Currently, ...\n-00035ad0: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c e280 9920 6973 206f parttool... is o\n-00035ae0: 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 206f 6e20 444f nly useful on DO\n-00035af0: 5320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c S partition tabl\n-00035b00: 6573 2028 616c 736f 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e es (also. kn\n-00035b10: 6f77 6e20 6173 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f own as Master Bo\n-00035b20: 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 642c 206f 7220 4d42 ot Record, or MB\n-00035b30: 5229 2e20 4f6e 2074 6865 7365 2070 6172 R). On these par\n-00035b40: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 732c 0a20 tition tables,. \n-00035b50: 2020 2020 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e the followin\n-00035b60: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 g commands are a\n-00035b70: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 vailable:.. \n-00035b80: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 626f 6f6c ...boot... (bool\n-00035b90: 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 ean). W\n-00035ba0: 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 hen enabled, thi\n-00035bb0: 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 s makes the sele\n-00035bc0: 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 cted partition b\n-00035bd0: 6520 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 e the active. \n-00035be0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 (bootable\n-00035bf0: 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 ) partition on i\n-00035c00: 7473 2064 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 696e ts disk, clearin\n-00035c10: 6720 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2066 6c61 g the active fla\n-00035c20: 6720 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 g on. a\n-00035c30: 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2070 6172 7469 7469 ll other partiti\n-00035c40: 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 ons. This comma\n-00035c50: 6e64 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f nd is limited to\n-00035c60: 205f 7072 696d 6172 795f 0a20 2020 2020 _primary_. \n-00035c70: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e partitions.\n-00035c80: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7479 7065 e280 .. ...type..\n-00035c90: 9920 2876 616c 7565 290a 2020 2020 2020 . (value). \n-00035ca0: 2020 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2074 Change the t\n-00035cb0: 7970 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 ype of an existi\n-00035cc0: 6e67 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 ng partition. T\n-00035cd0: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206d 7573 7420 6265 he value must be\n-00035ce0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d a. num\n-00035cf0: 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 ber in the range\n-00035d00: 2030 2d30 7846 4620 2870 7265 6669 7820 0-0xFF (prefix \n-00035d10: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 746f with ...0x... to\n-00035d20: 2065 6e74 6572 2069 7420 696e 0a20 2020 enter it in. \n-00035d30: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d hexadecim\n-00035d40: 616c 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 al)... ...hi\n-00035d50: 6464 656e e280 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e dden... (boolean\n-00035d60: 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5768 656e ). When\n-00035d70: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 7468 6973 2068 enabled, this h\n-00035d80: 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 ides the selecte\n-00035d90: 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2073 d partition by s\n-00035da0: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 etting the. \n-00035db0: 2020 2020 20e2 809c 6869 6464 656e e280 ...hidden..\n-00035dc0: 9d20 6269 7420 696e 2069 7473 2070 6172 . bit in its par\n-00035dd0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 tition type code\n-00035de0: 3b20 7768 656e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 642c ; when disabled,\n-00035df0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e68 6964 . unhid\n-00035e00: 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 es the selected \n-00035e10: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2063 6c65 partition by cle\n-00035e20: 6172 696e 6720 7468 6973 2062 6974 2e20 aring this bit. \n-00035e30: 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 This is. \n-00035e40: 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2077 useful only w\n-00035e50: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 444f 5320 hen booting DOS \n-00035e60: 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2061 6e64 206d or Windows and m\n-00035e70: 756c 7469 706c 6520 7072 696d 6172 790a ultiple primary.\n-00035e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4641 5420 7061 FAT pa\n-00035e90: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2065 7869 7374 2069 rtitions exist i\n-00035ea0: 6e20 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2053 6565 n one disk. See\n-00035eb0: 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 also *note. \n-00035ec0: 2020 2020 2020 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 DOS/Window\n-00035ed0: 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 s::.....File: gr\n-00035ee0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00035ef0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a password, Next:\n-00035f00: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n-00035f10: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f , Prev: parttoo\n-00035f20: 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d l, Up: Command-\n-00035f30: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00035f40: 372e 342e 3534 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 7.4.54 password.\n-00035f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00035f60: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 .. -- Command: p\n-00035f70: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 2063 6c65 assword user cle\n-00035f80: 6172 2d70 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2020 2020 ar-password. \n-00035f90: 2044 6566 696e 6520 6120 7573 6572 206e Define a user n\n-00035fa0: 616d 6564 2055 5345 5220 7769 7468 2070 amed USER with p\n-00035fb0: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 434c 4541 522d 5041 assword CLEAR-PA\n-00035fc0: 5353 574f 5244 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 SSWORD. *Note. \n-00035fd0: 2020 2020 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a Security::..\n-00035fe0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00035ff0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 fo, Node: passw\n-00036000: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 ord_pbkdf2, Nex\n-00036010: 743a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 t: plainmount, \n-00036020: 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 Prev: password, \n-00036030: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00036040: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00036050: 2e35 3520 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b .55 password_pbk\n-00036060: 6466 320a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d df2.------------\n-00036070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00036080: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f Command: passwo\n-00036090: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 3220 7573 6572 2068 rd_pbkdf2 user h\n-000360a0: 6173 6865 642d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 ashed-password. \n-000360b0: 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 Define a use\n-000360c0: 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 r named USER wit\n-000360d0: 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6820 h password hash \n-000360e0: 4841 5348 4544 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e HASHED-PASSWORD.\n-000360f0: 2020 5573 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 Use. ...gr\n-00036100: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00036110: 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 f2... (*note Inv\n-00036120: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking grub-mkpas\n-00036130: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f swd-pbkdf2::) to\n-00036140: 0a20 2020 2020 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 . generate p\n-00036150: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e20 assword hashes. \n-00036160: 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a *Note Security:\n-00036170: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00036180: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c .info, Node: pl\n-00036190: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a ainmount, Next:\n-000361a0: 2070 6c61 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 play, Prev: pa\n-000361b0: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 ssword_pbkdf2, \n-000361c0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-000361d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000361e0: 3536 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 56 plainmount.--\n-000361f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00036200: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 .. -- Command: p\n-00036210: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 lainmount device\n-00036220: 202d 6320 6369 7068 6572 202d 7320 6b65 -c cipher -s ke\n-00036230: 7920 7369 7a65 205b 2d68 2068 6173 685d y size [-h hash]\n-00036240: 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 . [...-S... \n-00036250: 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 655d 205b e280 sector size] [..\n-00036260: 982d 70e2 8099 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d .-p... password]\n-00036270: 205b e280 982d 75e2 8099 2075 7569 645d [...-u... uuid]\n-00036280: 205b 5be2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 6b65 7966 [[...-d... keyf\n-00036290: 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d4f ile]. [...-O\n-000362a0: e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6f66 6673 ... keyfile offs\n-000362b0: 6574 5d5d 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 et]].. Setup\n-000362c0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 access to the e\n-000362d0: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 ncrypted device \n-000362e0: 696e 2070 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 in plain mode. \n-000362f0: 4f66 6673 6574 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 Offset of the. \n-00036300: 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6174 encrypted dat\n-00036310: 6120 6174 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 a at the device \n-00036320: 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 is specified in \n-00036330: 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2035 3132 2062 7974 terms of 512 byt\n-00036340: 650a 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 2075 e. sectors u\n-00036350: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 sing the blockli\n-00036360: 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 6c6f st syntax and lo\n-00036370: 6f70 6261 636b 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 opback device. \n-00036380: 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 The. followi\n-00036390: 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 686f 7773 ng example shows\n-000363a0: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 how to specify \n-000363b0: 314d 6942 206f 6666 7365 743a 0a0a 2020 1MiB offset:.. \n-000363c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b loopback\n-000363d0: 206e 6f64 6520 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 node (hd0,gpt1)\n-000363e0: 3230 3438 2b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048+. \n-000363f0: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 206e 6f64 6520 plainmount node \n-00036400: 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 ..... The ..\n-00036410: 9870 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2063 .plainmount... c\n-00036420: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 ommand can be us\n-00036430: 6564 2074 6f20 6f70 656e 204c 554b 5320 ed to open LUKS \n-00036440: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 encrypted volume\n-00036450: 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2069 7473 206d 6173 . if its mas\n-00036460: 7465 7220 6b65 7920 616e 6420 7061 7261 ter key and para\n-00036470: 6d65 7465 7273 2028 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 meters (key size\n-00036480: 2c20 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6f66 6673 6574 , cipher, offset\n-00036490: 2c20 6574 6329 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 , etc). are \n-000364a0: 6b6e 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 known... The\n-000364b0: 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2077 6179 7320 re are two ways \n-000364c0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2070 6173 to specify a pas\n-000364d0: 7377 6f72 643a 2061 206b 6579 6669 6c65 sword: a keyfile\n-000364e0: 2061 6e64 2061 2073 6563 7265 740a 2020 and a secret. \n-000364f0: 2020 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 2020 passphrase. \n-00036500: 5468 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7061 7468 The keyfile path\n-00036510: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2068 6173 2068 parameter has h\n-00036520: 6967 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7479 2074 igher priority t\n-00036530: 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6563 han. the sec\n-00036540: 7265 7420 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2070 ret passphrase p\n-00036550: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2061 6e64 2069 7320 arameter and is \n-00036560: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 specified with t\n-00036570: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 he option. .\n-00036580: 8098 2d64 e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 776f ..-d.... Passwo\n-00036590: 7264 2064 6174 6120 6f62 7461 696e 6564 rd data obtained\n-000365a0: 2066 726f 6d20 6b65 7966 696c 6573 2069 from keyfiles i\n-000365b0: 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7368 6564 2061 6e64 s not hashed and\n-000365c0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 6469 is. used di\n-000365d0: 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7320 6120 6369 7068 rectly as a ciph\n-000365e0: 6572 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 er key. An opti\n-000365f0: 6f6e 616c 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2070 onal offset of p\n-00036600: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 0a20 2020 assword data. \n-00036610: 2020 696e 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 in the keyfile\n-00036620: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n-00036630: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f d with the optio\n-00036640: 6e20 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206f 7220 6469 n ...-O... or di\n-00036650: 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 rectly. with\n-00036660: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d the option ...-\n-00036670: 64e2 8099 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 626c d... and GRUB bl\n-00036680: 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 ocklist syntax, \n-00036690: 6966 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2064 if the keyfile d\n-000366a0: 6174 610a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2062 6520 ata. can be \n-000366b0: 6163 6365 7373 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6120 accessed from a \n-000366c0: 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2069 7320 3531 device and is 51\n-000366d0: 3220 6279 7465 2061 6c69 676e 6564 2e20 2 byte aligned. \n-000366e0: 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 The. follow\n-000366f0: 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 7368 6f77 ing example show\n-00036700: 7320 626f 7468 206d 6574 686f 6473 2074 s both methods t\n-00036710: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7061 7373 776f o specify passwo\n-00036720: 7264 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 rd data in. \n-00036730: 7468 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6174 206f the keyfile at o\n-00036740: 6666 7365 7420 314d 6942 3a0a 0a20 2020 ffset 1MiB:.. \n-00036750: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e plainmoun\n-00036760: 7420 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 2932 t -d (hd0,gpt1)2\n-00036770: 3034 382b 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 048+ .... \n-00036780: 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 plainmount -d\n-00036790: 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 292b 202d 4f20 (hd0,gpt1)+ -O \n-000367a0: 3130 3438 3537 3620 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 1048576 ..... \n-000367b0: 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 If no keyfile \n-000367c0: 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6865 is specified the\n-000367d0: 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 n the password i\n-000367e0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 2073 7472 s set to the str\n-000367f0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 ing. specifi\n-00036800: 6564 2062 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 ed by option ...\n-00036810: 2d70 e280 9920 6f72 2069 7320 7265 7175 -p... or is requ\n-00036820: 6573 7465 6420 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 ested interactiv\n-00036830: 656c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ely from the. \n-00036840: 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 496e 2062 console. In b\n-00036850: 6f74 6820 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 7072 oth cases the pr\n-00036860: 6f76 6964 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 ovided password \n-00036870: 6973 2068 6173 6865 6420 7769 7468 2074 is hashed with t\n-00036880: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 616c 676f 7269 7468 he. algorith\n-00036890: 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 2074 m specified by t\n-000368a0: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 68e2 he option ...-h.\n-000368b0: 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e ... This option\n-000368c0: 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 790a 2020 is mandatory. \n-000368d0: 2020 2069 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 6c65 if no keyfile\n-000368e0: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2062 is specified, b\n-000368f0: 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6574 ut it can be set\n-00036900: 2074 6f20 e280 9870 6c61 696e e280 9920 to ...plain... \n-00036910: 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 which. means\n-00036920: 2074 6861 7420 6e6f 2068 6173 6869 6e67 that no hashing\n-00036930: 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2061 6e64 2073 7563 is done and suc\n-00036940: 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7573 h password is us\n-00036950: 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 0a20 ed directly as. \n-00036960: 2020 2020 6120 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 a key... \n-00036970: 2043 6970 6865 7220 e280 982d 63e2 8099 Cipher ...-c...\n-00036980: 2061 6e64 206b 6579 7369 7a65 20e2 8098 and keysize ...\n-00036990: 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 -s... options sp\n-000369a0: 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 6369 7068 6572 ecify the cipher\n-000369b0: 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 0a20 2020 2020 algorithm. \n-000369c0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 and the key size\n-000369d0: 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 616e respectively an\n-000369e0: 6420 6172 6520 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 d are mandatory \n-000369f0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4369 7068 6572 options. Cipher\n-00036a00: 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7370 . must be sp\n-00036a10: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 ecified with the\n-00036a20: 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 mode separated \n-00036a30: 6279 2061 2064 6173 6820 2866 6f72 2065 by a dash (for e\n-00036a40: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 xample,. ...\n-00036a50: 6165 732d 7874 732d 706c 6169 6e36 34e2 aes-xts-plain64.\n-00036a60: 8099 292e 2020 4b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f ..). Key size o\n-00036a70: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 ption ...-s... i\n-00036a80: 7320 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f s the key size o\n-00036a90: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6970 6865 f the. ciphe\n-00036aa0: 7220 696e 2062 6974 732c 206e 6f74 2074 r in bits, not t\n-00036ab0: 6f20 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 7769 o be confused wi\n-00036ac0: 7468 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 th the offset of\n-00036ad0: 2074 6865 206b 6579 2064 6174 610a 2020 the key data. \n-00036ae0: 2020 2069 6e20 6120 6b65 7966 696c 6520 in a keyfile \n-00036af0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 specified with t\n-00036b00: 6865 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6f70 7469 he ...-O... opti\n-00036b10: 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6d75 7374 206e 6f74 on. It must not\n-00036b20: 2065 7863 6565 640a 2020 2020 2031 3032 exceed. 102\n-00036b30: 3420 6269 7473 2c20 736f 2061 2033 3220 4 bits, so a 32 \n-00036b40: 6279 7465 206b 6579 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 byte key would b\n-00036b50: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2032 e specified as 2\n-00036b60: 3536 2062 6974 730a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 56 bits.. Th\n-00036b70: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d e optional param\n-00036b80: 6574 6572 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7370 eter ...-S... sp\n-00036b90: 6563 6966 6965 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 ecifies encrypte\n-00036ba0: 6420 6465 7669 6365 2073 6563 746f 7220 d device sector \n-00036bb0: 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6d75 size.. It mu\n-00036bc0: 7374 2062 6520 6174 206c 6561 7374 2035 st be at least 5\n-00036bd0: 3132 2062 7974 6573 206c 6f6e 6720 2864 12 bytes long (d\n-00036be0: 6566 6175 6c74 2076 616c 7565 2920 616e efault value) an\n-00036bf0: 6420 6120 706f 7765 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 d a power of. \n-00036c00: 2020 322e 2020 2831 2920 2028 2a6e 6f74 2. (1) (*not\n-00036c10: 6520 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f e plainmount-Foo\n-00036c20: 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2044 6973 tnote-1::). Dis\n-00036c30: 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 6973 k sector size is\n-00036c40: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 . configured\n-00036c50: 2077 6865 6e20 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2074 when creating t\n-00036c60: 6865 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2076 6f6c he encrypted vol\n-00036c70: 756d 652e 2020 4174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 ume. Attempting\n-00036c80: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2064 6563 7279 7074 to. decrypt\n-00036c90: 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 volumes with a \n-00036ca0: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7365 6374 6f72 different sector\n-00036cb0: 2073 697a 6520 7468 616e 2069 7420 7761 size than it wa\n-00036cc0: 7320 6372 6561 7465 640a 2020 2020 2077 s created. w\n-00036cd0: 6974 6820 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2072 6573 ith will not res\n-00036ce0: 756c 7420 696e 2061 6e20 6572 726f 722c ult in an error,\n-00036cf0: 2062 7574 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6372 7970 but will decryp\n-00036d00: 7420 746f 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6279 7465 t to random byte\n-00036d10: 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6875 7320 s. and thus \n-00036d20: 7072 6576 656e 7420 6163 6365 7373 696e prevent accessin\n-00036d30: 6720 7468 6520 766f 6c75 6d65 2028 696e g the volume (in\n-00036d40: 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 some cases the \n-00036d50: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 filesystem. \n-00036d60: 6472 6976 6572 2063 616e 2064 6574 6563 driver can detec\n-00036d70: 7420 7468 6520 7072 6573 656e 6365 206f t the presence o\n-00036d80: 6620 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 f a filesystem, \n-00036d90: 6275 7420 6e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 but nevertheless\n-00036da0: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6566 7573 . will refus\n-00036db0: 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7429 2e0a e to mount it)..\n-00036dc0: 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 . By default\n-00036dd0: 206e 6577 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 new plainmount \n-00036de0: 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 devices will be \n-00036df0: 6769 7665 6e20 6120 5555 4944 2073 7461 given a UUID sta\n-00036e00: 7274 696e 670a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 rting. with \n-00036e10: 2731 3039 6665 6138 342d 6136 6237 2d33 '109fea84-a6b7-3\n-00036e20: 3461 382d 3462 6431 2d31 6335 3036 3330 4a8-4bd1-1c50630\n-00036e30: 3561 3430 3127 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 5a401' where the\n-00036e40: 206c 6173 7420 6469 6769 7473 0a20 2020 last digits. \n-00036e50: 2020 6172 6520 696e 6372 656d 656e 7465 are incremente\n-00036e60: 6420 6279 206f 6e65 2066 6f72 2065 6163 d by one for eac\n-00036e70: 6820 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 6564 2064 h plainmounted d\n-00036e80: 6576 6963 6520 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 evice beyond the\n-00036e90: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 7570 2074 . first up t\n-00036ea0: 6f20 325e 3130 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a o 2^10 devices..\n-00036eb0: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6c20 656e 6372 7970 . All encryp\n-00036ec0: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 tion arguments (\n-00036ed0: 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6861 7368 2c20 6b65 cipher, hash, ke\n-00036ee0: 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6469 736b 206f 6666 y size, disk off\n-00036ef0: 7365 7420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2064 6973 set and. dis\n-00036f00: 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6529 206d k sector size) m\n-00036f10: 7573 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 7061 ust match the pa\n-00036f20: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2075 7365 6420 746f rameters used to\n-00036f30: 2063 7265 6174 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 create the. \n-00036f40: 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4966 2061 6e79 volume. If any\n-00036f50: 206f 6620 7468 656d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f of them does no\n-00036f60: 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 6163 7475 t match the actu\n-00036f70: 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2075 7365 al arguments use\n-00036f80: 640a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 d. during th\n-00036f90: 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c20 656e 6372 7970 e initial encryp\n-00036fa0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 tion, plainmount\n-00036fb0: 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2076 6972 will create vir\n-00036fc0: 7475 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 tual. device\n-00036fd0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6761 7262 6167 with the garbag\n-00036fe0: 6520 6461 7461 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 e data and GRUB \n-00036ff0: 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6f72 7420 756e 6b6e will report unkn\n-00037000: 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 own. filesys\n-00037010: 7465 6d20 666f 7220 7375 6368 2064 6576 tem for such dev\n-00037020: 6963 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ice.....File: gr\n-00037030: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00037040: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e plainmount-Footn\n-00037050: 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2070 6c61 696e otes, Up: plain\n-00037060: 6d6f 756e 740a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 mount.. (1) Cu\n-00037070: 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 rrent implementa\n-00037080: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6372 7970 7473 6574 tion of cryptset\n-00037090: 7570 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6f6e 6c79 up supports only\n-000370a0: 0a35 3132 2f31 3032 342f 3230 3438 2f34 .512/1024/2048/4\n-000370b0: 3039 3620 6279 7465 2073 6563 746f 7273 096 byte sectors\n-000370c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000370d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 nfo, Node: play\n-000370e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 , Next: probe, \n-000370f0: 2050 7265 763a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e Prev: plainmoun\n-00037100: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-00037110: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00037120: 372e 342e 3537 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.57 play.----\n-00037130: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00037140: 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 mmand: play file\n-00037150: 207c 2074 656d 706f 205b 7069 7463 6831 | tempo [pitch1\n-00037160: 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 duration1] [pit\n-00037170: 6368 3220 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 325d 202e ch2 duration2] .\n-00037180: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6179 7320 6120 ... Plays a \n-00037190: 7475 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 tune.. If th\n-000371a0: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 e argument is a \n-000371b0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 file name (*note\n-000371c0: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n-000371d0: 783a 3a29 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 x::), play the. \n-000371e0: 2020 2020 7475 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 6465 tune recorde\n-000371f0: 6420 696e 2069 742e 2020 5468 6520 6669 d in it. The fi\n-00037200: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 2066 6972 le format is fir\n-00037210: 7374 2074 6865 2074 656d 706f 2061 7320 st the tempo as \n-00037220: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 an. unsigned\n-00037230: 2033 3262 6974 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 32bit little-en\n-00037240: 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 dian number, the\n-00037250: 6e20 7061 6972 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 n pairs of unsig\n-00037260: 6e65 6420 3136 6269 740a 2020 2020 206c ned 16bit. l\n-00037270: 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d ittle-endian num\n-00037280: 6265 7273 2066 6f72 2070 6974 6368 2061 bers for pitch a\n-00037290: 6e64 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7061 6972 nd duration pair\n-000372a0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 s... If the \n-000372b0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6120 arguments are a \n-000372c0: 7365 7269 6573 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 series of number\n-000372d0: 732c 2070 6c61 7920 7468 6520 696e 6c69 s, play the inli\n-000372e0: 6e65 2074 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 ne tune... T\n-000372f0: 6865 2074 656d 706f 2069 7320 7468 6520 he tempo is the \n-00037300: 6261 7365 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 base for all not\n-00037310: 6520 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 e durations. 60\n-00037320: 2067 6976 6573 2061 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e gives a 1-secon\n-00037330: 640a 2020 2020 2062 6173 652c 2031 3230 d. base, 120\n-00037340: 2067 6976 6573 2061 2068 616c 662d 7365 gives a half-se\n-00037350: 636f 6e64 2062 6173 652c 2065 7463 2e20 cond base, etc. \n-00037360: 2050 6974 6368 6573 2061 7265 2048 7a2e Pitches are Hz.\n-00037370: 2020 5365 740a 2020 2020 2070 6974 6368 Set. pitch\n-00037380: 2074 6f20 3020 746f 2070 726f 6475 6365 to 0 to produce\n-00037390: 2061 2072 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 a rest.....File\n-000373a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000373b0: 6465 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 de: probe, Next\n-000373c0: 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : rdmsr, Prev: \n-000373d0: 706c 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 play, Up: Comma\n-000373e0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-000373f0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3820 7072 6f62 650a ..17.4.58 probe.\n-00037400: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00037410: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7072 6f62 -- Command: prob\n-00037420: 6520 5b2d 2d73 6574 2076 6172 5d0a 2020 e [--set var]. \n-00037430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6472 6976 6572 --driver\n-00037440: 7c2d 2d70 6172 746d 6170 7c2d 2d66 737c |--partmap|--fs|\n-00037450: 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 647c 2d2d 6c61 6265 --fs-uuid|--labe\n-00037460: 6c7c 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 6420 6465 l|--part-uuid de\n-00037470: 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 vice. Retrie\n-00037480: 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d ve device inform\n-00037490: 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f ation. If optio\n-000374a0: 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 n ...--set... is\n-000374b0: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6173 7369 676e 0a20 given, assign. \n-000374c0: 2020 2020 7265 7375 6c74 2074 6f20 7661 result to va\n-000374d0: 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2c20 6f74 6865 riable VAR, othe\n-000374e0: 7277 6973 6520 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f rwise print info\n-000374f0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 rmation on the s\n-00037500: 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 creen... The\n-00037510: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 6172 option ...--par\n-00037520: 742d 7575 6964 e280 9920 6973 2063 7572 t-uuid... is cur\n-00037530: 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 696d 706c rently only impl\n-00037540: 656d 656e 7465 6420 666f 7220 4d53 444f emented for MSDO\n-00037550: 530a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2047 5054 2066 S. and GPT f\n-00037560: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e0a ormatted disks..\n-00037570: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00037580: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 646d 7372 fo, Node: rdmsr\n-00037590: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6561 642c 2020 , Next: read, \n-000375a0: 5072 6576 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 Prev: probe, Up\n-000375b0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-000375c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3539 ommands..17.4.59\n-000375d0: 2072 646d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rdmsr.---------\n-000375e0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-000375f0: 643a 3a20 7264 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 d:: rdmsr 0xADDR\n-00037600: 205b 2d76 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a 2020 [-v VARNAME]. \n-00037610: 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d Read a model-\n-00037620: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 specific registe\n-00037630: 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 7841 r at address 0xA\n-00037640: 4444 522e 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 DDR. If the para\n-00037650: 6d65 7465 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 meter. ...-v\n-00037660: e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6420 616e 6420 ... is used and \n-00037670: 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 an environment v\n-00037680: 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 524e 414d 4520 ariable VARNAME \n-00037690: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 is given, set th\n-000376a0: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d at. environm\n-000376b0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 ent variable to \n-000376c0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2077 the value that w\n-000376d0: 6173 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 as read... P\n-000376e0: 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 lease note that \n-000376f0: 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 on SMP systems, \n-00037700: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 204d reading from a M\n-00037710: 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 610a 2020 SR that has a. \n-00037720: 2020 2073 636f 7065 2070 6572 2068 6172 scope per har\n-00037730: 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d dware thread, im\n-00037740: 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 plies that the v\n-00037750: 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2072 6574 alue that is ret\n-00037760: 7572 6e65 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 urned. only \n-00037770: 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 applies to the p\n-00037780: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f articular cpu/co\n-00037790: 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 re/thread that r\n-000377a0: 756e 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d uns the. com\n-000377b0: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f mand... Also\n-000377c0: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 , if you specify\n-000377d0: 2061 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 a reserved or u\n-000377e0: 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 nimplemented MSR\n-000377f0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 address, it. \n-00037800: 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 will cause a g\n-00037810: 656e 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f eneral protectio\n-00037820: 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 n exception (whi\n-00037830: 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e ch is not curren\n-00037840: 746c 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 tly. being h\n-00037850: 616e 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 andled) and the \n-00037860: 7379 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f system will rebo\n-00037870: 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ot.....File: gru\n-00037880: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 b.info, Node: r\n-00037890: 6561 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 626f ead, Next: rebo\n-000378a0: 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 646d 7372 ot, Prev: rdmsr\n-000378b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-000378c0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-000378d0: 2e34 2e36 3020 7265 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.60 read.-----\n-000378e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-000378f0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6164 205b 2d73 5d20 mand: read [-s] \n-00037900: 5b76 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 [var]. Read \n-00037910: 6120 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 a line of input \n-00037920: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2075 7365 722e 2020 from the user. \n-00037930: 4966 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e If an environmen\n-00037940: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 t variable VAR. \n-00037950: 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 is given, se\n-00037960: 7420 7468 6174 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 t that environme\n-00037970: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 nt variable to t\n-00037980: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 he line of input\n-00037990: 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2077 6173 2072 that. was r\n-000379a0: 6561 642c 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 ead, with no ter\n-000379b0: 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 minating newline\n-000379c0: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 . If the parame\n-000379d0: 7465 7220 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 730a ter ...-s... is.\n-000379e0: 2020 2020 2075 7365 642c 2065 6e61 626c used, enabl\n-000379f0: 6520 7369 6c65 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 7768 e silent mode wh\n-00037a00: 6572 6520 696e 7075 7420 6973 206e 6f74 ere input is not\n-00037a10: 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a printed to the.\n-00037a20: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a terminal...\n-00037a30: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00037a40: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 o, Node: reboot\n-00037a50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6567 6578 702c , Next: regexp,\n-00037a60: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 2055 Prev: read, U\n-00037a70: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00037a80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n-00037a90: 3120 7265 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1 reboot.-------\n-00037aa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00037ab0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 mand: reboot. \n-00037ac0: 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f6d Reboot the com\n-00037ad0: 7075 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 puter.....File: \n-00037ae0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00037af0: 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 204e 6578 743a : regexp, Next:\n-00037b00: 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 rmmod, Prev: r\n-00037b10: 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d eboot, Up: Comm\n-00037b20: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00037b30: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3632 2072 6567 6578 s..17.4.62 regex\n-00037b40: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n-00037b50: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 .. -- Command: r\n-00037b60: 6567 6578 7020 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 6e75 egexp [--set [nu\n-00037b70: 6d62 6572 3a5d 7661 725d 2072 6567 6578 mber:]var] regex\n-00037b80: 7020 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5465 p string. Te\n-00037b90: 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 st if regular ex\n-00037ba0: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2052 4547 4558 5020 pression REGEXP \n-00037bb0: 6d61 7463 6865 7320 5354 5249 4e47 2e20 matches STRING. \n-00037bc0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 0a20 2020 2020 Supported. \n-00037bd0: 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 regular expressi\n-00037be0: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 504f 5349 582e 3220 ons are POSIX.2 \n-00037bf0: 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2052 6567 756c 6172 Extended Regular\n-00037c00: 2045 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 Expressions. I\n-00037c10: 660a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 f. option ..\n-00037c20: 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 .--set... is giv\n-00037c30: 656e 2c20 7374 6f72 6520 4e55 4d42 4552 en, store NUMBER\n-00037c40: 7468 206d 6174 6368 6564 2073 7562 6578 th matched subex\n-00037c50: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 pression in. \n-00037c60: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 variable VAR. \n-00037c70: 5375 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 Subexpressions a\n-00037c80: 7265 206e 756d 6265 7265 6420 696e 206f re numbered in o\n-00037c90: 7264 6572 206f 6620 7468 6569 720a 2020 rder of their. \n-00037ca0: 2020 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2070 6172 656e opening paren\n-00037cb0: 7468 6573 6573 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 theses starting \n-00037cc0: 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2e20 204e from ...1.... N\n-00037cd0: 554d 4245 5220 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 UMBER defaults t\n-00037ce0: 6f20 e280 9831 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 o ...1........Fi\n-00037cf0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00037d00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 Node: rmmod, Ne\n-00037d10: 7874 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 xt: save_env, P\n-00037d20: 7265 763a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5570 rev: regexp, Up\n-00037d30: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00037d40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3633 ommands..17.4.63\n-00037d50: 2072 6d6d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rmmod.---------\n-00037d60: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00037d70: 643a 2072 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a d: rmmod module.\n-00037d80: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f Remove a lo\n-00037d90: 6164 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a aded MODULE.....\n-00037da0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00037db0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 Node: save_env\n-00037dc0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6561 7263 682c , Next: search,\n-00037dd0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 Prev: rmmod, \n-00037de0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00037df0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00037e00: 3634 2073 6176 655f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 64 save_env.----\n-00037e10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00037e20: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6176 655f - Command: save_\n-00037e30: 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 env [--file file\n-00037e40: 5d20 7661 7220 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 ] var .... S\n-00037e50: 6176 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7661 ave the named va\n-00037e60: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 riables from the\n-00037e70: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 environment to \n-00037e80: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a the environment.\n-00037e90: 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e block file.\n-00037ea0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d *Note Environm\n-00037eb0: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 ent block::... \n-00037ec0: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 The ...--file\n-00037ed0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 ... option overr\n-00037ee0: 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ides the default\n-00037ef0: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 location of the\n-00037f00: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n-00037f10: 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 t block... T\n-00037f20: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c his command will\n-00037f30: 206f 7065 7261 7465 2073 7563 6365 7373 operate success\n-00037f40: 6675 6c6c 7920 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 fully even when \n-00037f50: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 environment. \n-00037f60: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 variable ...che\n-00037f70: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 ck_signatures...\n-00037f80: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e is set to ...en\n-00037f90: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a force... (*note.\n-00037fa0: 2020 2020 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 check_signa\n-00037fb0: 7475 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 tures::), since \n-00037fc0: 6974 2077 7269 7465 7320 746f 2064 6973 it writes to dis\n-00037fd0: 6b20 616e 6420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2061 k and does not a\n-00037fe0: 6c74 6572 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6265 lter the. be\n-00037ff0: 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 4752 5542 2062 havior of GRUB b\n-00038000: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 616e 7920 636f 6e74 ased on any cont\n-00038010: 656e 7473 206f 6620 6469 736b 2074 6861 ents of disk tha\n-00038020: 7420 6861 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7265 6164 t have been read\n-00038030: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6973 2070 6f73 .. It is pos\n-00038040: 7369 626c 6520 746f 206d 6f64 6966 7920 sible to modify \n-00038050: 6120 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e a digitally sign\n-00038060: 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 ed environment b\n-00038070: 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 lock file. f\n-00038080: 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2047 5255 4220 rom within GRUB \n-00038090: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 using this comma\n-000380a0: 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6974 nd, such that it\n-000380b0: 7320 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 7769 6c6c s signature will\n-000380c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 . no longer \n-000380d0: 6265 2076 616c 6964 206f 6e20 7375 6273 be valid on subs\n-000380e0: 6571 7565 6e74 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 2043 equent boots. C\n-000380f0: 6172 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7461 are should be ta\n-00038100: 6b65 6e20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 ken in. such\n-00038110: 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 636f 6e66 6967 advanced config\n-00038120: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 urations to avoi\n-00038130: 6420 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7468 6520 d rendering the \n-00038140: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 756e 626f system. unbo\n-00038150: 6f74 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 otable. *Note U\n-00038160: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n-00038170: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d natures::, for m\n-00038180: 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 ore. informa\n-00038190: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-000381a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000381b0: 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 search, Next: \n-000381c0: 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 sendkey, Prev: \n-000381d0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 save_env, Up: C\n-000381e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000381f0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3520 7365 ands..17.4.65 se\n-00038200: 6172 6368 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d arch.-----------\n-00038210: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00038220: 3a20 7365 6172 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 : search [--file\n-00038230: 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 |--label|--fs-uu\n-00038240: 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 7661 725d id] [--set [var]\n-00038250: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e ]. [--n\n-00038260: 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 7c2d 2d65 6669 6469 o-floppy|--efidi\n-00038270: 736b 2d6f 6e6c 795d 206e 616d 650a 2020 sk-only] name. \n-00038280: 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 Search device\n-00038290: 7320 6279 2066 696c 6520 28e2 8098 2d66 s by file (...-f\n-000382a0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 ..., ...--file..\n-000382b0: 9929 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c .), filesystem l\n-000382c0: 6162 656c 2028 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 2c0a abel (...-l...,.\n-000382d0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 ...--label.\n-000382e0: 8099 292c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ..), or filesyst\n-000382f0: 656d 2055 5549 4420 28e2 8098 2d75 e280 em UUID (...-u..\n-00038300: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 ., ...--fs-uuid.\n-00038310: 8099 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 ..)... If th\n-00038320: 6520 28e2 8098 2d73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 e (...-s..., ...\n-00038330: 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e --set...) option\n-00038340: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6669 is used, the fi\n-00038350: 7273 7420 6465 7669 6365 2066 6f75 6e64 rst device found\n-00038360: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2061 7320 is. set as \n-00038370: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 the value of env\n-00038380: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00038390: 6520 5641 522e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 e VAR. The defa\n-000383a0: 756c 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 ult variable. \n-000383b0: 2020 6973 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 992e is ...root....\n-000383c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d .. The (...-\n-000383d0: 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 666c n..., ...--no-fl\n-000383e0: 6f70 7079 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 oppy...) option \n-000383f0: 7072 6576 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 prevents searchi\n-00038400: 6e67 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 7669 6365 ng floppy device\n-00038410: 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 6361 s,. which ca\n-00038420: 6e20 6265 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 n be slow... \n-00038430: 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d 2d65 6669 6469 The (...--efidi\n-00038440: 736b 2d6f 6e6c 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 sk-only...) opti\n-00038450: 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7365 6172 on prevents sear\n-00038460: 6368 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 ching any other \n-00038470: 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 devices. the\n-00038480: 6e20 4546 4920 6469 736b 732e 2020 5468 n EFI disks. Th\n-00038490: 6973 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 is is typically \n-000384a0: 7573 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c used when chainl\n-000384b0: 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f 6361 6c0a oading to local.\n-000384c0: 2020 2020 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 EFI partiti\n-000384d0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 on... The ..\n-000384e0: 9873 6561 7263 682e 6669 6c65 e280 992c .search.file...,\n-000384f0: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f 6c61 ...search.fs_la\n-00038500: 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 bel..., and ...s\n-00038510: 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 earch.fs_uuid...\n-00038520: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2061 commands. a\n-00038530: 7265 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 re aliases for .\n-00038540: 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d66 696c 65e2 ..search --file.\n-00038550: 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d .., ...search --\n-00038560: 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 label..., and ..\n-00038570: 9873 6561 7263 680a 2020 2020 202d 2d66 .search. --f\n-00038580: 732d 7575 6964 e280 9920 7265 7370 6563 s-uuid... respec\n-00038590: 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c tively... Al\n-000385a0: 736f 2068 696e 7473 2061 7320 746f 2077 so hints as to w\n-000385b0: 6869 6368 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7920 hich device may \n-000385c0: 6265 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 be the most like\n-000385d0: 6c79 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 7468 ly to contain th\n-000385e0: 650a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7365 6172 e. item sear\n-000385f0: 6368 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6179 2062 6520 ched for may be \n-00038600: 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 28e2 given via the (.\n-00038610: 8098 2d68 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 ..-h..., ...--hi\n-00038620: 6e74 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 nt...) option wi\n-00038630: 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6465 7669 6365 th. a device\n-00038640: 206e 616d 6520 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 name as an argu\n-00038650: 6d65 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 ment. If the ar\n-00038660: 6775 6d65 6e74 2065 6e64 7320 7769 7468 gument ends with\n-00038670: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 a comma,. t\n-00038680: 6865 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f hen partitions o\n-00038690: 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 7265 n the device are\n-000386a0: 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 6172 6368 6564 2e20 also searched. \n-000386b0: 2046 7572 7468 6572 6d6f 7265 2c0a 2020 Furthermore,. \n-000386c0: 2020 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7370 6563 platform spec\n-000386d0: 6966 6963 2068 696e 7473 206d 6179 2062 ific hints may b\n-000386e0: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 e given via the \n-000386f0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 options. ...\n-00038700: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d69 6565 6531 3237 35e2 --hint-ieee1275.\n-00038710: 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6269 .., ...--hint-bi\n-00038720: 6f73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 os..., ...--hint\n-00038730: 2d62 6172 656d 6574 616c e280 992c 20e2 -baremetal..., .\n-00038740: 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d65 6669 e280 992c ..--hint-efi...,\n-00038750: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d68 . and ...--h\n-00038760: 696e 742d 6172 63e2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 int-arc.... Whe\n-00038770: 6e20 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 n specified, the\n-00038780: 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 se options take \n-00038790: 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 an argument. \n-000387a0: 2061 6e64 206f 7065 7261 7465 206c 696b and operate lik\n-000387b0: 6520 e280 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2c20 e ...--hint..., \n-000387c0: 6275 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 but only on the \n-000387d0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 706c 6174 666f specified platfo\n-000387e0: 726d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 rm.....File: gru\n-000387f0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-00038800: 656e 646b 6579 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 endkey, Next: s\n-00038810: 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6561 7263 et, Prev: searc\n-00038820: 682c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d h, Up: Command-\n-00038830: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00038840: 372e 342e 3636 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 7.4.66 sendkey.-\n-00038850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00038860: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 656e -- Command: sen\n-00038870: 646b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b dkey. [\n-00038880: 2d2d 6e75 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 --num|--caps|--s\n-00038890: 6372 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 7c2d croll|--insert|-\n-000388a0: 2d70 6175 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 -pause|--left-sh\n-000388b0: 6966 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 7368 6966 ift|--right-shif\n-000388c0: 747c 2d2d 7379 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b t|--sysrq|--numk\n-000388d0: 6579 7c2d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 ey|--capskey|--s\n-000388e0: 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 crollkey|--inser\n-000388f0: 746b 6579 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 616c 747c tkey|--left-alt|\n-00038900: 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 --right-alt|--le\n-00038910: 6674 2d63 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d ft-ctrl|--right-\n-00038920: 6374 726c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f ctrl. o\n-00038930: 6e7c 6f66 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 n|off]... [no-le\n-00038940: 645d 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 d] keystroke. \n-00038950: 2020 496e 7365 7274 206b 6579 7374 726f Insert keystro\n-00038960: 6b65 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 206b 6579 kes into the key\n-00038970: 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2077 6865 board buffer whe\n-00038980: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 536f 6d65 n booting. Some\n-00038990: 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 6f70 times. an op\n-000389a0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f erating system o\n-000389b0: 7220 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 626f r chainloaded bo\n-000389c0: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7265 7175 6972 ot loader requir\n-000389d0: 6573 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 es particular. \n-000389e0: 2020 206b 6579 7320 746f 2062 6520 7072 keys to be pr\n-000389f0: 6573 7365 643a 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 essed: for examp\n-00038a00: 6c65 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 6e65 le, one might ne\n-00038a10: 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6573 7320 610a 2020 ed to press a. \n-00038a20: 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6b65 particular ke\n-00038a30: 7920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2022 7361 6665 y to enter \"safe\n-00038a40: 206d 6f64 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 mode\", or when \n-00038a50: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f chainloading ano\n-00038a60: 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c ther. boot l\n-00038a70: 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 oader one might \n-00038a80: 7365 6e64 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 send keystrokes \n-00038a90: 746f 2069 7420 746f 206e 6176 6967 6174 to it to navigat\n-00038aa0: 6520 6974 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 e its menu... \n-00038ab0: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6973 2063 6f6d Note: This com\n-00038ac0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c mand is currentl\n-00038ad0: 7920 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 y only available\n-00038ae0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 630a on the i386-pc.\n-00038af0: 2020 2020 2074 6172 6765 742e 0a0a 2020 target... \n-00038b00: 2020 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 You may provi\n-00038b10: 6465 2075 7020 746f 2031 3620 6b65 7973 de up to 16 keys\n-00038b20: 7472 6f6b 6573 2028 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 trokes (the leng\n-00038b30: 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 0a20 th of the BIOS. \n-00038b40: 2020 2020 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 keyboard buf\n-00038b50: 6665 7229 2e20 204b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 fer). Keystroke\n-00038b60: 206e 616d 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 7570 names may be up\n-00038b70: 7065 722d 6361 7365 206f 7220 6c6f 7765 per-case or lowe\n-00038b80: 722d 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7474 r-case. lett\n-00038b90: 6572 732c 2064 6967 6974 732c 206f 7220 ers, digits, or \n-00038ba0: 7461 6b65 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 taken from the f\n-00038bb0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a ollowing table:.\n-00038bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d65 2020 2020 2020 . Name \n+0002da60: 2020 2020 2020 5772 6974 6520 7661 6c75 Write valu\n+0002da70: 6573 2074 6f20 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 es to model-spec\n+0002da80: 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a0a ific registers..\n+0002da90: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002daa0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b2c 2020 4e65 o, Node: [, Ne\n+0002dab0: 7874 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 2055 703a 2043 xt: acpi, Up: C\n+0002dac0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002dad0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 205b 0a2d ands..17.4.1 [.-\n+0002dae0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002daf0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 5b20 6578 7072 6573 7369 mand: [ expressi\n+0002db00: 6f6e 205d 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 on ]. Alias \n+0002db10: 666f 7220 e280 9874 6573 7420 4558 5052 for ...test EXPR\n+0002db20: 4553 5349 4f4e e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 ESSION... (*note\n+0002db30: 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c test::).....Fil\n+0002db40: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002db50: 6f64 653a 2061 6370 692c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: acpi, Next\n+0002db60: 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 : authenticate, \n+0002db70: 2050 7265 763a 205b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 Prev: [, Up: C\n+0002db80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002db90: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 2061 6370 ands..17.4.2 acp\n+0002dba0: 690a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 i.-----------.. \n+0002dbb0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 -- Command: acpi\n+0002dbc0: 205b 2d31 7c2d 325d 205b 2d2d 6578 636c [-1|-2] [--excl\n+0002dbd0: 7564 653d 7461 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d ude=table1,...|-\n+0002dbe0: 2d6c 6f61 642d 6f6e 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 -load-only=table\n+0002dbf0: 312c 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 1,...]. \n+0002dc00: 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d69 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d [--oemid=id] [-\n+0002dc10: 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 653d 7461 626c 655d -oemtable=table]\n+0002dc20: 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 7265 763d [--oemtablerev=\n+0002dc30: 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b rev]. [\n+0002dc40: 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f --oemtablecreato\n+0002dc50: 723d 6372 6561 746f 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 r=creator] [--oe\n+0002dc60: 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 7272 6576 mtablecreatorrev\n+0002dc70: 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 =rev]. \n+0002dc80: 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 [--no-ebda] file\n+0002dc90: 6e61 6d65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f name .... Mo\n+0002dca0: 6465 726e 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d dern BIOS system\n+0002dcb0: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 s normally imple\n+0002dcc0: 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 2041 6476 616e 6365 ment the Advance\n+0002dcd0: 6420 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a d Configuration.\n+0002dce0: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2050 6f77 6572 2049 and Power I\n+0002dcf0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2028 4143 5049 292c nterface (ACPI),\n+0002dd00: 2061 6e64 2064 6566 696e 6520 7661 7269 and define vari\n+0002dd10: 6f75 7320 7461 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 ous tables that \n+0002dd20: 6465 7363 7269 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 describe. th\n+0002dd30: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6265 7477 e interface betw\n+0002dd40: 6565 6e20 616e 2041 4350 492d 636f 6d70 een an ACPI-comp\n+0002dd50: 6c69 616e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 liant operating \n+0002dd60: 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 system and the. \n+0002dd70: 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 firmware. I\n+0002dd80: 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 n some cases, th\n+0002dd90: 6520 7461 626c 6573 2070 726f 7669 6465 e tables provide\n+0002dda0: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c d by default onl\n+0002ddb0: 7920 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7765 6c6c y work. well\n+0002ddc0: 2077 6974 6820 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 with certain op\n+0002ddd0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c erating systems,\n+0002dde0: 2061 6e64 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206e and it may be n\n+0002ddf0: 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 ecessary to. \n+0002de00: 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 replace some of\n+0002de10: 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 them... Nor\n+0002de20: 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d mally, this comm\n+0002de30: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 and will replace\n+0002de40: 2074 6865 2052 6f6f 7420 5379 7374 656d the Root System\n+0002de50: 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 Description. \n+0002de60: 2020 506f 696e 7465 7220 2852 5344 5029 Pointer (RSDP)\n+0002de70: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e64 6564 in the Extended\n+0002de80: 2042 494f 5320 4461 7461 2041 7265 6120 BIOS Data Area \n+0002de90: 746f 2070 6f69 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 to point to the \n+0002dea0: 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 732e new. tables.\n+0002deb0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f If the ...--no\n+0002dec0: 2d65 6264 61e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 -ebda... option \n+0002ded0: 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 206e 6577 is used, the new\n+0002dee0: 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a tables will be.\n+0002def0: 2020 2020 206b 6e6f 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 known only \n+0002df00: 746f 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 206d 6179 to GRUB, but may\n+0002df10: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 be used by GRUB\n+0002df20: 2773 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 's EFI emulation\n+0002df30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 ... Note: Th\n+0002df40: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 e command is not\n+0002df50: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f allowed when lo\n+0002df60: 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 ckdown is enforc\n+0002df70: 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c ed (*note. L\n+0002df80: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 ockdown::). Oth\n+0002df90: 6572 7769 7365 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b erwise an attack\n+0002dfa0: 6572 2063 616e 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7420 er can instruct \n+0002dfb0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 the GRUB to load\n+0002dfc0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 2053 5344 5420 7461 . an SSDT ta\n+0002dfd0: 626c 6520 746f 206f 7665 7277 7269 7465 ble to overwrite\n+0002dfe0: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b the kernel lock\n+0002dff0: 646f 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 down configurati\n+0002e000: 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7465 on and. late\n+0002e010: 7220 6c6f 6164 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 r load and execu\n+0002e020: 7465 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 te unsigned code\n+0002e030: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002e040: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 7574 info, Node: aut\n+0002e050: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 henticate, Next\n+0002e060: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c : background_col\n+0002e070: 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 6370 692c or, Prev: acpi,\n+0002e080: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002e090: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002e0a0: 342e 3320 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 4.3 authenticate\n+0002e0b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002e0c0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002e0d0: 643a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 6520 d: authenticate \n+0002e0e0: 5b75 7365 726c 6973 745d 0a20 2020 2020 [userlist]. \n+0002e0f0: 4368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 7573 Check whether us\n+0002e100: 6572 2069 7320 696e 2055 5345 524c 4953 er is in USERLIS\n+0002e110: 5420 6f72 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 2074 T or listed in t\n+0002e120: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 he value of. \n+0002e130: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9873 7570 variable ...sup\n+0002e140: 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 erusers.... See\n+0002e150: 202a 6e6f 7465 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 *note superuser\n+0002e160: 733a 3a20 666f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 7573 s:: for valid us\n+0002e170: 6572 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 er list. for\n+0002e180: 6d61 742e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7375 7065 mat. If ...supe\n+0002e190: 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 2065 6d70 rusers... is emp\n+0002e1a0: 7479 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ty, this command\n+0002e1b0: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 7275 652e 0a20 returns true.. \n+0002e1c0: 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 *Note Securi\n+0002e1d0: 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ty::.....File: g\n+0002e1e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002e1f0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f background_colo\n+0002e200: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 r, Next: backgr\n+0002e210: 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 2050 7265 ound_image, Pre\n+0002e220: 763a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c v: authenticate,\n+0002e230: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002e240: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002e250: 342e 3420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 4.4 background_c\n+0002e260: 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d olor.-----------\n+0002e270: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002e280: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 - Command: backg\n+0002e290: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f round_color colo\n+0002e2a0: 720a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 r. Set backg\n+0002e2b0: 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 round color for \n+0002e2c0: 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e active terminal.\n+0002e2d0: 2020 466f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f For valid colo\n+0002e2e0: 720a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 r. specifica\n+0002e2f0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 tions see *note \n+0002e300: 436f 6c6f 7273 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 Colors: Theme fi\n+0002e310: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4261 636b le format. Back\n+0002e320: 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f ground. colo\n+0002e330: 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 r can be changed\n+0002e340: 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 only when using\n+0002e350: 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2066 ...gfxterm... f\n+0002e360: 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 or terminal outp\n+0002e370: 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 ut... This c\n+0002e380: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6574 7320 636f 6c6f ommand sets colo\n+0002e390: 7220 6f66 2065 6d70 7479 2061 7265 6173 r of empty areas\n+0002e3a0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6578 742e 2020 without text. \n+0002e3b0: 5465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 Text. backgr\n+0002e3c0: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 7320 636f ound color is co\n+0002e3d0: 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 656e 7669 ntrolled by envi\n+0002e3e0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0002e3f0: 730a 2020 2020 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 s. COLOR_NOR\n+0002e400: 4d41 4c2c 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c MAL, COLOR_HIGHL\n+0002e410: 4947 4854 2c20 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 IGHT, MENU_COLOR\n+0002e420: 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 _NORMAL,. ME\n+0002e430: 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 NU_COLOR_HIGHLIG\n+0002e440: 4854 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 7065 6369 HT. *Note Speci\n+0002e450: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+0002e460: 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ariables::.....F\n+0002e470: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002e480: 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e Node: backgroun\n+0002e490: 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 d_image, Next: \n+0002e4a0: 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 badram, Prev: b\n+0002e4b0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c ackground_color,\n+0002e4c0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002e4d0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002e4e0: 342e 3520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 4.5 background_i\n+0002e4f0: 6d61 6765 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mage.-----------\n+0002e500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002e510: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 - Command: backg\n+0002e520: 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 6520 5b5b 2d2d round_image [[--\n+0002e530: 6d6f 6465 2073 7472 6574 6368 7c6e 6f72 mode stretch|nor\n+0002e540: 6d61 6c5d 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 mal] file]. \n+0002e550: 4c6f 6164 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 Load background \n+0002e560: 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 image for active\n+0002e570: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6672 6f6d 2046 terminal from F\n+0002e580: 494c 452e 2020 496d 6167 6520 6973 0a20 ILE. Image is. \n+0002e590: 2020 2020 7374 7265 7463 6865 6420 746f stretched to\n+0002e5a0: 2066 696c 6c20 7570 2065 6e74 6972 6520 fill up entire \n+0002e5b0: 7363 7265 656e 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 screen unless op\n+0002e5c0: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6465 e280 tion ...--mode..\n+0002e5d0: 9920 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 0a20 . ...normal.... \n+0002e5e0: 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2057 is given. W\n+0002e5f0: 6974 686f 7574 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ithout arguments\n+0002e600: 2072 656d 6f76 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c remove currentl\n+0002e610: 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6163 6b67 726f y loaded backgro\n+0002e620: 756e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 und. image. \n+0002e630: 2042 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 Background imag\n+0002e640: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 e can be changed\n+0002e650: 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 only when using\n+0002e660: 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a20 ...gfxterm.... \n+0002e670: 2020 2020 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c for terminal\n+0002e680: 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 output.....File\n+0002e690: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002e6a0: 6465 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 204e 6578 de: badram, Nex\n+0002e6b0: 743a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2050 t: blocklist, P\n+0002e6c0: 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f rev: background_\n+0002e6d0: 696d 6167 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d image, Up: Comm\n+0002e6e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002e6f0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3620 6261 6472 616d s..17.4.6 badram\n+0002e700: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n+0002e710: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6164 -- Command: bad\n+0002e720: 7261 6d20 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 ram addr,mask[,a\n+0002e730: 6464 722c 6d61 736b 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 ddr,mask...]. \n+0002e740: 2020 4669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 Filter out bad\n+0002e750: 2052 414d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 RAM... This\n+0002e760: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 command notifie\n+0002e770: 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e s the memory man\n+0002e780: 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 ager that specif\n+0002e790: 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 ied regions of. \n+0002e7a0: 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f RAM ought to\n+0002e7b0: 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 be filtered out\n+0002e7c0: 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2062 6563 6175 (usually, becau\n+0002e7d0: 7365 2074 6865 7927 7265 2064 616d 6167 se they're damag\n+0002e7e0: 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2072 ed).. This r\n+0002e7f0: 656d 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 emains in effect\n+0002e800: 2061 6674 6572 2061 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 after a payload\n+0002e810: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e kernel has been\n+0002e820: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 loaded by. \n+0002e830: 4752 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 GRUB, as long as\n+0002e840: 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6b65 726e the loaded kern\n+0002e850: 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d el obtains its m\n+0002e860: 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 emory map from. \n+0002e870: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e20 204b 6572 6e65 GRUB. Kerne\n+0002e880: 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ls that support \n+0002e890: 7468 6973 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 204c 696e this include Lin\n+0002e8a0: 7578 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 ux, GNU Mach, th\n+0002e8b0: 650a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 e. kernel of\n+0002e8c0: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c FreeBSD and Mul\n+0002e8d0: 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 tiboot kernels i\n+0002e8e0: 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 n general... \n+0002e8f0: 2053 796e 7461 7820 6973 2074 6865 2073 Syntax is the s\n+0002e900: 616d 6520 6173 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 ame as provided \n+0002e910: 6279 2074 6865 204d 656d 7465 7374 3836 by the Memtest86\n+0002e920: 2b20 7574 696c 6974 790a 2020 2020 2028 + utility. (\n+0002e930: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e6d 656d 7465 http://www.memte\n+0002e940: 7374 2e6f 7267 2f29 3a20 6120 6c69 7374 st.org/): a list\n+0002e950: 206f 6620 6164 6472 6573 732f 6d61 736b of address/mask\n+0002e960: 2070 6169 7273 2e20 2047 6976 656e 2061 pairs. Given a\n+0002e970: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e . page-align\n+0002e980: 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 ed address and a\n+0002e990: 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 2f20 base address / \n+0002e9a0: 6d61 736b 2070 6169 722c 2069 6620 616c mask pair, if al\n+0002e9b0: 6c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6974 7320 l the. bits \n+0002e9c0: 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 of the page-alig\n+0002e9d0: 6e65 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6174 ned address that\n+0002e9e0: 2061 7265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 are enabled by \n+0002e9f0: 7468 6520 6d61 736b 206d 6174 6368 0a20 the mask match. \n+0002ea00: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 6173 with the bas\n+0002ea10: 6520 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 7420 6d65 e address, it me\n+0002ea20: 616e 7320 7468 6973 2070 6167 6520 6973 ans this page is\n+0002ea30: 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 642e to be filtered.\n+0002ea40: 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6e74 This. synt\n+0002ea50: 6178 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7379 ax makes it easy\n+0002ea60: 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 to represent pa\n+0002ea70: 7474 6572 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 tterns that are \n+0002ea80: 6f66 7465 6e20 7265 7375 6c74 206f 660a often result of.\n+0002ea90: 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6461 6d61 memory dama\n+0002eaa0: 6765 2c20 6475 6520 746f 2070 6879 7369 ge, due to physi\n+0002eab0: 6361 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e cal distribution\n+0002eac0: 206f 6620 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 656c 6c73 of memory cells\n+0002ead0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d ... The comm\n+0002eae0: 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 and is similar t\n+0002eaf0: 6f20 e280 9863 7574 6d65 6de2 8099 2063 o ...cutmem... c\n+0002eb00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f ommand... No\n+0002eb10: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n+0002eb20: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n+0002eb30: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n+0002eb40: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n+0002eb50: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n+0002eb60: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 . This prevents\n+0002eb70: 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 removing EFI me\n+0002eb80: 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a mory regions to.\n+0002eb90: 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 potentially\n+0002eba0: 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 subvert the sec\n+0002ebb0: 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 urity mechanisms\n+0002ebc0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 provided by the\n+0002ebd0: 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 UEFI. secur\n+0002ebe0: 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a e boot.....File:\n+0002ebf0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002ec00: 653a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 204e e: blocklist, N\n+0002ec10: 6578 743a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 ext: boot, Prev\n+0002ec20: 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : badram, Up: C\n+0002ec30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002ec40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 2062 6c6f ands..17.4.7 blo\n+0002ec50: 636b 6c69 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cklist.---------\n+0002ec60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002ec70: 6d61 6e64 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 mand: blocklist \n+0002ec80: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 file. Print \n+0002ec90: 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e a block list (*n\n+0002eca0: 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 ote Block list s\n+0002ecb0: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2066 6f72 2046 494c yntax::) for FIL\n+0002ecc0: 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 E.....File: grub\n+0002ecd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f .info, Node: bo\n+0002ece0: 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6174 2c20 ot, Next: cat, \n+0002ecf0: 2050 7265 763a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 Prev: blocklist\n+0002ed00: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002ed10: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0002ed20: 2e34 2e38 2062 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.8 boot.------\n+0002ed30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002ed40: 6e64 3a20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 426f nd: boot. Bo\n+0002ed50: 6f74 2074 6865 204f 5320 6f72 2063 6861 ot the OS or cha\n+0002ed60: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 7220 7768 6963 6820 in-loader which \n+0002ed70: 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 642e has been loaded.\n+0002ed80: 2020 4f6e 6c79 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 Only necessary\n+0002ed90: 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 . if running\n+0002eda0: 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 the fully inter\n+0002edb0: 6163 7469 7665 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c active command-l\n+0002edc0: 696e 6520 2869 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c69 ine (it is impli\n+0002edd0: 6369 7420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 cit at. the \n+0002ede0: 656e 6420 6f66 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e end of a menu en\n+0002edf0: 7472 7929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 try).....File: g\n+0002ee00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002ee10: 2063 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6c65 cat, Next: cle\n+0002ee20: 6172 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6f6f 742c ar, Prev: boot,\n+0002ee30: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002ee40: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002ee50: 342e 3920 6361 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.9 cat.--------\n+0002ee60: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002ee70: 2063 6174 205b 2d2d 646f 735d 2066 696c cat [--dos] fil\n+0002ee80: 650a 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 e. Display t\n+0002ee90: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 he contents of t\n+0002eea0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 he file FILE. T\n+0002eeb0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d61 7920 his command may \n+0002eec0: 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 be useful. t\n+0002eed0: 6f20 7265 6d69 6e64 2079 6f75 206f 6620 o remind you of \n+0002eee0: 796f 7572 204f 5327 7320 726f 6f74 2070 your OS's root p\n+0002eef0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 artition:.. \n+0002ef00: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2063 6174 202f grub> cat /\n+0002ef10: 6574 632f 6673 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 etc/fstab.. \n+0002ef20: 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 646f 73e2 If the ...--dos.\n+0002ef30: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 .. option is use\n+0002ef40: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 6361 7272 6961 6765 d, then carriage\n+0002ef50: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 return / new li\n+0002ef60: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6972 7320 7769 ne. pairs wi\n+0002ef70: 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 ll be displayed \n+0002ef80: 6173 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6e65 7720 as a simple new \n+0002ef90: 6c69 6e65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 line. Otherwise\n+0002efa0: 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 , the. carri\n+0002efb0: 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 2077 696c 6c20 age return will \n+0002efc0: 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2061 7320 be displayed as \n+0002efd0: 6120 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6368 6172 6163 a control charac\n+0002efe0: 7465 7220 28e2 8098 3c64 3ee2 8099 2920 ter (......) \n+0002eff0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 to. make it \n+0002f000: 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7768 easier to see wh\n+0002f010: 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 en boot problems\n+0002f020: 2061 7265 2063 6175 7365 6420 6279 2061 are caused by a\n+0002f030: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 file. forma\n+0002f040: 7474 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4f53 2d73 tted using DOS-s\n+0002f050: 7479 6c65 206c 696e 6520 656e 6469 6e67 tyle line ending\n+0002f060: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 20e2 s... Note: .\n+0002f070: 8098 6361 74e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 ..cat... can be \n+0002f080: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7669 6577 2074 6865 used to view the\n+0002f090: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6576 contents of dev\n+0002f0a0: 6963 6573 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 ices using the. \n+0002f0b0: 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 block list s\n+0002f0c0: 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f yntax (*note Blo\n+0002f0d0: 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a ck list syntax::\n+0002f0e0: 292e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 ). However, it \n+0002f0f0: 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7669 is not. advi\n+0002f100: 7365 6420 746f 2076 6965 7720 6269 6e61 sed to view bina\n+0002f110: 7279 2064 6174 6120 6265 6361 7573 6520 ry data because \n+0002f120: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2064 it will try to d\n+0002f130: 6563 6f64 6520 5554 462d 380a 2020 2020 ecode UTF-8. \n+0002f140: 2073 7472 696e 6773 2c20 7768 6963 6820 strings, which \n+0002f150: 6361 6e20 6c65 6164 2074 6f20 736f 6d65 can lead to some\n+0002f160: 2062 7974 6573 206d 6973 7369 6e67 206f bytes missing o\n+0002f170: 7220 6164 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 r added in the. \n+0002f180: 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6e73 output. Ins\n+0002f190: 7465 6164 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 tead, use the ..\n+0002f1a0: 9868 6578 6475 6d70 e280 9920 636f 6d6d .hexdump... comm\n+0002f1b0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6578 6475 and (*note hexdu\n+0002f1c0: 6d70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 mp::).....File: \n+0002f1d0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002f1e0: 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : clear, Next: \n+0002f1f0: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 cmosclean, Prev\n+0002f200: 3a20 6361 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d : cat, Up: Comm\n+0002f210: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002f220: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3130 2063 6c65 6172 s..17.4.10 clear\n+0002f230: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n+0002f240: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6c65 -- Command: cle\n+0002f250: 6172 0a20 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 ar. Clear th\n+0002f260: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e screen.....Fil\n+0002f270: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002f280: 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 ode: cmosclean, \n+0002f290: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c Next: cmosdump,\n+0002f2a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 Prev: clear, \n+0002f2b0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002f2c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0002f2d0: 3131 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 11 cmosclean.---\n+0002f2e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002f2f0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f -- Command: cmo\n+0002f300: 7363 6c65 616e 2062 7974 653a 6269 740a sclean byte:bit.\n+0002f310: 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2076 616c 7565 Clear value\n+0002f320: 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 of bit in CMOS \n+0002f330: 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 at location BYTE\n+0002f340: 3a42 4954 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d :BIT. This comm\n+0002f350: 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 and is. avai\n+0002f360: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c lable only on pl\n+0002f370: 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 atforms that sup\n+0002f380: 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 port CMOS.....Fi\n+0002f390: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002f3a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 Node: cmosdump, \n+0002f3b0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c Next: cmostest,\n+0002f3c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 Prev: cmosclea\n+0002f3d0: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d n, Up: Command-\n+0002f3e0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0002f3f0: 372e 342e 3132 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 700a 7.4.12 cmosdump.\n+0002f400: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002f410: 0a0a 202d 2d20 4475 6d70 3a20 434d 4f53 .. -- Dump: CMOS\n+0002f420: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2044 contents. D\n+0002f430: 756d 7020 6675 6c6c 2043 4d4f 5320 636f ump full CMOS co\n+0002f440: 6e74 656e 7473 2061 7320 6865 7861 6465 ntents as hexade\n+0002f450: 6369 6d61 6c20 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2054 cimal values. T\n+0002f460: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 his command is. \n+0002f470: 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e available on\n+0002f480: 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 ly on platforms \n+0002f490: 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f that support CMO\n+0002f4a0: 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 S.....File: grub\n+0002f4b0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .info, Node: cm\n+0002f4c0: 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 ostest, Next: c\n+0002f4d0: 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7364 mp, Prev: cmosd\n+0002f4e0: 756d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ump, Up: Comman\n+0002f4f0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0002f500: 0a31 372e 342e 3133 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 .17.4.13 cmostes\n+0002f510: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+0002f520: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002f530: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 7420 6279 7465 3a62 cmostest byte:b\n+0002f540: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2076 616c it. Test val\n+0002f550: 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f ue of bit in CMO\n+0002f560: 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 S at location BY\n+0002f570: 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2045 7869 7420 7374 TE:BIT. Exit st\n+0002f580: 6174 7573 2069 730a 2020 2020 207a 6572 atus is. zer\n+0002f590: 6f20 6966 2062 6974 2069 7320 7365 742c o if bit is set,\n+0002f5a0: 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 6f74 6865 7277 non zero otherw\n+0002f5b0: 6973 652e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 ise. This comma\n+0002f5c0: 6e64 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 650a nd is available.\n+0002f5d0: 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 only on pla\n+0002f5e0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 tforms that supp\n+0002f5f0: 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ort CMOS.....Fil\n+0002f600: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002f610: 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a ode: cmp, Next:\n+0002f620: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 5072 configfile, Pr\n+0002f630: 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 2055 ev: cmostest, U\n+0002f640: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002f650: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 commands..17.4.1\n+0002f660: 3420 636d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 cmp.----------\n+0002f670: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002f680: 636d 7020 5b2d 765d 2066 696c 6531 2066 cmp [-v] file1 f\n+0002f690: 696c 6532 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 6172 ile2. Compar\n+0002f6a0: 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4531 e the file FILE1\n+0002f6b0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 with the file F\n+0002f6c0: 494c 4532 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6579 2061 ILE2. If they a\n+0002f6d0: 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c 790a 2020 re completely. \n+0002f6e0: 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 identical, ..\n+0002f6f0: 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 .$?... will be s\n+0002f700: 6574 2074 6f20 302e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 et to 0. Otherw\n+0002f710: 6973 652c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ise, if the file\n+0002f720: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2069 s are not. i\n+0002f730: 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 dentical, ...$?.\n+0002f740: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 .. will be set t\n+0002f750: 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 o a nonzero valu\n+0002f760: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 e... By defa\n+0002f770: 756c 7420 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7769 6c6c ult nothing will\n+0002f780: 2062 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6620 be output. If \n+0002f790: 7468 6520 e280 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 the ...-v... is \n+0002f7a0: 7573 6564 2c20 7665 7262 6f73 650a 2020 used, verbose. \n+0002f7b0: 2020 206d 6f64 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c mode is enabl\n+0002f7c0: 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 206d 6f64 ed. In this mod\n+0002f7d0: 6520 7768 656e 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 e when when the \n+0002f7e0: 6669 6c65 7320 6469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 files differ in \n+0002f7f0: 7369 7a65 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 size,. print\n+0002f800: 2074 6865 2073 697a 6573 206c 696b 6520 the sizes like \n+0002f810: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0002f820: 2044 6966 6665 7220 696e 2073 697a 653a Differ in size:\n+0002f830: 2030 7831 3233 3420 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 0x1234 [foo], 0\n+0002f840: 7834 3332 3120 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 x4321 [bar].. \n+0002f850: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2073 697a 6573 2061 If the sizes a\n+0002f860: 7265 2065 7175 616c 2062 7574 2074 6865 re equal but the\n+0002f870: 2062 7974 6573 2061 7420 616e 206f 6666 bytes at an off\n+0002f880: 7365 7420 6469 6666 6572 2c20 7468 656e set differ, then\n+0002f890: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 . print the \n+0002f8a0: 6279 7465 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a bytes like this:\n+0002f8b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 .. Diff\n+0002f8c0: 6572 2061 7420 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 er at the offset\n+0002f8d0: 2037 3737 3a20 3078 6265 205b 666f 6f5d 777: 0xbe [foo]\n+0002f8e0: 2c20 3078 6566 205b 6261 725d 0a0a 1f0a , 0xef [bar]....\n+0002f8f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002f900: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 Node: configfi\n+0002f910: 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7075 6964 le, Next: cpuid\n+0002f920: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 , Prev: cmp, U\n+0002f930: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002f940: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 commands..17.4.1\n+0002f950: 3520 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 5 configfile.---\n+0002f960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0002f970: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636f . -- Command: co\n+0002f980: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2066 696c 650a 2020 nfigfile file. \n+0002f990: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 Load FILE as \n+0002f9a0: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n+0002f9b0: 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 4649 4c45 2064 file. If FILE d\n+0002f9c0: 6566 696e 6573 2061 6e79 206d 656e 750a efines any menu.\n+0002f9d0: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 7468 entries, th\n+0002f9e0: 656e 2073 686f 7720 6120 6d65 6e75 2063 en show a menu c\n+0002f9f0: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 ontaining them i\n+0002fa00: 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 2041 6e79 mmediately. Any\n+0002fa10: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n+0002fa20: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 t variable chang\n+0002fa30: 6573 206d 6164 6520 6279 2074 6865 2063 es made by the c\n+0002fa40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2046 494c 4520 ommands in FILE \n+0002fa50: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 will not. be\n+0002fa60: 2070 7265 7365 7276 6564 2061 6674 6572 preserved after\n+0002fa70: 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 ...configfile..\n+0002fa80: 9920 7265 7475 726e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 . returns.....Fi\n+0002fa90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002faa0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 4e65 Node: cpuid, Ne\n+0002fab0: 7874 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 xt: crc, Prev: \n+0002fac0: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a configfile, Up:\n+0002fad0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0002fae0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3620 mmands..17.4.16 \n+0002faf0: 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cpuid.----------\n+0002fb00: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002fb10: 3a20 6370 7569 6420 5b2d 6c5d 205b 2d70 : cpuid [-l] [-p\n+0002fb20: 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 6f72 ]. Check for\n+0002fb30: 2043 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 CPU features. \n+0002fb40: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n+0002fb50: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n+0002fb60: 6e20 7838 360a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 n x86. syste\n+0002fb70: 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 ms... With t\n+0002fb80: 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 7469 he ...-l... opti\n+0002fb90: 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 on, return true \n+0002fba0: 6966 2074 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f if the CPU suppo\n+0002fbb0: 7274 7320 6c6f 6e67 206d 6f64 650a 2020 rts long mode. \n+0002fbc0: 2020 2028 3634 2d62 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 (64-bit)... \n+0002fbd0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d With the ...-\n+0002fbe0: 70e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 p... option, ret\n+0002fbf0: 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 urn true if the \n+0002fc00: 4350 5520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2050 6879 CPU supports Phy\n+0002fc10: 7369 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 sical. Addre\n+0002fc20: 7373 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 ss Extension (PA\n+0002fc30: 4529 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 E)... If inv\n+0002fc40: 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 oked without opt\n+0002fc50: 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 ions, this comma\n+0002fc60: 6e64 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 nd currently beh\n+0002fc70: 6176 6573 2061 7320 6966 2069 740a 2020 aves as if it. \n+0002fc80: 2020 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e20 696e 766f had been invo\n+0002fc90: 6b65 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 ked with ...-l..\n+0002fca0: 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 2063 6861 .. This may cha\n+0002fcb0: 6e67 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 nge in the futur\n+0002fcc0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n+0002fcd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 .info, Node: cr\n+0002fce0: 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 7970 746f c, Next: crypto\n+0002fcf0: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6370 mount, Prev: cp\n+0002fd00: 7569 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e uid, Up: Comman\n+0002fd10: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0002fd20: 0a31 372e 342e 3137 2063 7263 0a2d 2d2d .17.4.17 crc.---\n+0002fd30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002fd40: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7263 2061 7267 202e mmand: crc arg .\n+0002fd50: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f ... Alias fo\n+0002fd60: 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 r ...hashsum --h\n+0002fd70: 6173 6820 6372 6333 3220 6172 6720 2e2e ash crc32 arg ..\n+0002fd80: 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..... See comma\n+0002fd90: 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 nd ...hashsum...\n+0002fda0: 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 . (*note has\n+0002fdb0: 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c hsum::) for full\n+0002fdc0: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f description....\n+0002fdd0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002fde0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d , Node: cryptom\n+0002fdf0: 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7574 ount, Next: cut\n+0002fe00: 6d65 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6372 632c mem, Prev: crc,\n+0002fe10: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002fe20: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002fe30: 342e 3138 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 4.18 cryptomount\n+0002fe40: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002fe50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002fe60: 643a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 205b d: cryptomount [\n+0002fe70: 205b 2d70 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d 207c [-p password] |\n+0002fe80: 205b 2d6b 206b 6579 6669 6c65 205b 2d4f [-k keyfile [-O\n+0002fe90: 206b 6579 6f66 6673 6574 5d0a 2020 2020 keyoffset]. \n+0002fea0: 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 5320 6b65 7973 697a [-S keysiz\n+0002feb0: 655d 205d 205d 205b 2d48 2066 696c 655d e] ] ] [-H file]\n+0002fec0: 2064 6576 6963 657c 2d75 2075 7569 647c device|-u uuid|\n+0002fed0: 2d61 7c2d 620a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 -a|-b. Setup\n+0002fee0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2065 6e63 7279 access to encry\n+0002fef0: 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4120 pted device. A \n+0002ff00: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2077 696c 6c20 passphrase will \n+0002ff10: 6265 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 0a20 2020 be requested. \n+0002ff20: 2020 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c 792c interactively,\n+0002ff30: 2069 6620 6e65 6974 6865 7220 7468 6520 if neither the \n+0002ff40: e280 982d 70e2 8099 206e 6f72 20e2 8098 ...-p... nor ...\n+0002ff50: 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 -k... options ar\n+0002ff60: 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 e given. The. \n+0002ff70: 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 option ...-p.\n+0002ff80: 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 .. can be used t\n+0002ff90: 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2061 2070 6173 7370 o supply a passp\n+0002ffa0: 6872 6173 6520 2875 7365 6675 6c20 666f hrase (useful fo\n+0002ffb0: 720a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 7473 292e r. scripts).\n+0002ffc0: 2020 416c 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 7920 Alternatively \n+0002ffd0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 6be2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-k... opt\n+0002ffe0: 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ion can be used \n+0002fff0: 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 610a 2020 2020 to supply a. \n+00030000: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2077 6974 6820 6f70 keyfile with op\n+00030010: 7469 6f6e 7320 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 2061 tions ...-O... a\n+00030020: 6e64 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 6f70 7469 nd ...-S... opti\n+00030030: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2073 7570 706c 7969 6e67 onally supplying\n+00030040: 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 740a 2020 2020 the offset. \n+00030050: 2061 6e64 2073 697a 652c 2072 6573 7065 and size, respe\n+00030060: 6374 6976 656c 792c 206f 6620 7468 6520 ctively, of the \n+00030070: 6b65 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 7468 6520 key data in the \n+00030080: 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 7920 6669 6c65 2e20 given key file. \n+00030090: 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 48e2 The. ...-H.\n+000300a0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2063 616e 2062 .. options can b\n+000300b0: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 e used to supply\n+000300c0: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2062 6163 cryptomount bac\n+000300d0: 6b65 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 6e0a 2020 kends with an. \n+000300e0: 2020 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2068 alternative h\n+000300f0: 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 2028 616b 6120 eader file (aka \n+00030100: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2068 6561 6465 7229 detached header)\n+00030110: 2e20 204e 6f74 2061 6c6c 2062 6163 6b65 . Not all backe\n+00030120: 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2068 6176 6520 6865 nds. have he\n+00030130: 6164 6572 7320 6e6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 aders nor suppor\n+00030140: 7420 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6865 t alternative he\n+00030150: 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 2028 6375 7272 ader files (curr\n+00030160: 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 ently only. \n+00030170: 4c55 4b53 3120 616e 6420 4c55 4b53 3220 LUKS1 and LUKS2 \n+00030180: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656d 292e 2020 support them). \n+00030190: 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 2044 4556 4943 4520 Argument DEVICE \n+000301a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2073 7065 6369 configures speci\n+000301b0: 6669 630a 2020 2020 2067 7275 6220 6465 fic. grub de\n+000301c0: 7669 6365 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4e61 6d69 vice (*note Nami\n+000301d0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 ng convention::)\n+000301e0: 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 ; option ...-u..\n+000301f0: 9920 5555 4944 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 . UUID. conf\n+00030200: 6967 7572 6573 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 igures device wi\n+00030210: 7468 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2055 5549 th specified UUI\n+00030220: 443b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 61e2 D; option ...-a.\n+00030230: 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c .. configures al\n+00030240: 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 l. detected \n+00030250: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 encrypted device\n+00030260: 733b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 62e2 s; option ...-b.\n+00030270: 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c .. configures al\n+00030280: 6c20 6765 6c69 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 l geli. cont\n+00030290: 6169 6e65 7273 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 ainers that have\n+000302a0: 2062 6f6f 7420 666c 6167 2073 6574 2e0a boot flag set..\n+000302b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 7320 6172 . Devices ar\n+000302c0: 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f e not allowed to\n+000302d0: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6173 206b 6579 be given as key\n+000302e0: 2066 696c 6573 206e 6f72 2061 7320 6465 files nor as de\n+000302f0: 7461 6368 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6865 6164 tached. head\n+00030300: 6572 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 er files. Howev\n+00030310: 6572 2c20 7468 6973 206c 696d 6974 6174 er, this limitat\n+00030320: 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2077 6f72 6b65 ion can be worke\n+00030330: 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 2062 790a 2020 2020 d around by. \n+00030340: 2075 7369 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 using blocklist\n+00030350: 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 536f 2066 6f72 syntax. So for\n+00030360: 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 20e2 8098 2868 instance, ...(h\n+00030370: 6431 2c67 7074 3229 e280 9920 6361 6e20 d1,gpt2)... can \n+00030380: 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 not be. used\n+00030390: 2c20 6275 7420 e280 9828 6864 312c 6770 , but ...(hd1,gp\n+000303a0: 7432 2930 2be2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6163 t2)0+... will ac\n+000303b0: 6869 6576 6520 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 hieve the desire\n+000303c0: 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 d result... \n+000303d0: 4752 5542 2073 7570 6f72 7473 2064 6576 GRUB suports dev\n+000303e0: 6963 6573 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2075 ices encrypted u\n+000303f0: 7369 6e67 204c 554b 532c 204c 554b 5332 sing LUKS, LUKS2\n+00030400: 2061 6e64 2067 656c 692e 2020 4e6f 7465 and geli. Note\n+00030410: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 206e 6563 6573 . that neces\n+00030420: 7361 7279 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 4c55 sary modules (LU\n+00030430: 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 616e 6420 4745 KS, LUKS2 and GE\n+00030440: 4c49 2920 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6265 206c LI) have to be l\n+00030450: 6f61 6465 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7561 oaded. manua\n+00030460: 6c6c 7920 6265 666f 7265 2074 6869 7320 lly before this \n+00030470: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 command can be u\n+00030480: 7365 642e 2020 466f 7220 4c55 4b53 3220 sed. For LUKS2 \n+00030490: 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5042 only the. PB\n+000304a0: 4b44 4632 206b 6579 2064 6572 6976 6174 KDF2 key derivat\n+000304b0: 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 ion function is \n+000304c0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642c 2061 7320 4172 supported, as Ar\n+000304d0: 676f 6e32 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 740a gon2 is not yet.\n+000304e0: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a supported..\n+000304f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5375 6363 6573 7366 756c . Successful\n+00030500: 6c79 2064 6563 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 ly decrypted dis\n+00030510: 6b73 2061 7265 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 ks are named as \n+00030520: 2863 7279 7074 6f58 2920 616e 6420 6861 (cryptoX) and ha\n+00030530: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6372 6561 7369 ve. increasi\n+00030540: 6e67 206e 756d 6572 6174 696f 6e20 7375 ng numeration su\n+00030550: 6666 6978 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 6e65 ffix for each ne\n+00030560: 7720 6465 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b w decrypted disk\n+00030570: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 . If the. e\n+00030580: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b20 686f ncrypted disk ho\n+00030590: 7374 7320 736f 6d65 2068 6967 6865 7220 sts some higher \n+000305a0: 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2061 6273 7472 6163 level of abstrac\n+000305b0: 7469 6f6e 2028 6c69 6b65 204c 564d 3220 tion (like LVM2 \n+000305c0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4d44 5241 4944 2920 or. MDRAID) \n+000305d0: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 7265 6174 it will be creat\n+000305e0: 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2073 6570 6172 ed under a separ\n+000305f0: 6174 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 ate device names\n+00030600: 7061 6365 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6464 pace in. add\n+00030610: 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2063 7279 ition to the cry\n+00030620: 7074 6f64 6973 6b20 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 ptodisk namespac\n+00030630: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 e... Support\n+00030640: 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2065 6e63 7279 for plain encry\n+00030650: 7074 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2028 706c 6169 ption mode (plai\n+00030660: 6e20 646d 2d63 7279 7074 2920 6973 2070 n dm-crypt) is p\n+00030670: 726f 7669 6465 6420 7669 610a 2020 2020 rovided via. \n+00030680: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 e280 982a 6e6f separate ...*no\n+00030690: 7465 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3ae2 te plainmount::.\n+000306a0: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 .. command.....F\n+000306b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000306c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 Node: cutmem, \n+000306d0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2050 7265 Next: date, Pre\n+000306e0: 763a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 v: cryptomount, \n+000306f0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00030700: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00030710: 2e31 3920 6375 746d 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .19 cutmem.-----\n+00030720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00030730: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2066 ommand: cutmem f\n+00030740: 726f 6d5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c rom[K|M|G] to[K|\n+00030750: 4d7c 475d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 M|G]. Remove\n+00030760: 2061 6e79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 any memory regi\n+00030770: 6f6e 7320 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 ons in specified\n+00030780: 2072 616e 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 range... Th\n+00030790: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 is command notif\n+000307a0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d ies the memory m\n+000307b0: 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 anager that spec\n+000307c0: 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 ified regions of\n+000307d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 . RAM ought \n+000307e0: 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f to be filtered o\n+000307f0: 7574 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e ut. This remain\n+00030800: 7320 696e 2065 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 s in effect afte\n+00030810: 7220 610a 2020 2020 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 r a. payload\n+00030820: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e kernel has been\n+00030830: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c loaded by GRUB,\n+00030840: 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 as long as the \n+00030850: 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e loaded. kern\n+00030860: 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d el obtains its m\n+00030870: 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 emory map from G\n+00030880: 5255 422e 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 RUB. Kernels tha\n+00030890: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 0a20 t support this. \n+000308a0: 2020 2020 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 include Linu\n+000308b0: 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 x, GNU Mach, the\n+000308c0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 kernel of FreeB\n+000308d0: 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 SD and Multiboot\n+000308e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e . kernels in\n+000308f0: 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 general... \n+00030900: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 The command is s\n+00030910: 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9862 6164 imilar to ...bad\n+00030920: 7261 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a ram... command..\n+00030930: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 . Note: The \n+00030940: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 command is not a\n+00030950: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b llowed when lock\n+00030960: 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 down is enforced\n+00030970: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 (*note. Loc\n+00030980: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 kdown::). This \n+00030990: 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e prevents removin\n+000309a0: 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 g EFI memory reg\n+000309b0: 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 ions to. pot\n+000309c0: 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 entially subvert\n+000309d0: 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 the security me\n+000309e0: 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 chanisms provide\n+000309f0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 d by the UEFI. \n+00030a00: 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a secure boot..\n+00030a10: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00030a20: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6174 652c fo, Node: date,\n+00030a30: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 Next: devicetr\n+00030a40: 6565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7574 6d65 ee, Prev: cutme\n+00030a50: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d m, Up: Command-\n+00030a60: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00030a70: 372e 342e 3230 2064 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.20 date.----\n+00030a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00030a90: 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6174 6520 5b5b 7965 mmand: date [[ye\n+00030aa0: 6172 2d5d 6d6f 6e74 682d 6461 795d 205b ar-]month-day] [\n+00030ab0: 686f 7572 3a6d 696e 7574 655b 3a73 6563 hour:minute[:sec\n+00030ac0: 6f6e 645d 5d0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ond]]. With \n+00030ad0: 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 no arguments, pr\n+00030ae0: 696e 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 int the current \n+00030af0: 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d 652e 0a0a date and time...\n+00030b00: 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 Otherwise, \n+00030b10: 7461 6b65 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 take the current\n+00030b20: 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 2c20 date and time, \n+00030b30: 6368 616e 6765 2061 6e79 2065 6c65 6d65 change any eleme\n+00030b40: 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 nts. specifi\n+00030b50: 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c ed as arguments,\n+00030b60: 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 and set the res\n+00030b70: 756c 7420 6173 2074 6865 206e 6577 2064 ult as the new d\n+00030b80: 6174 6520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 696d ate and. tim\n+00030b90: 652e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c e. For example,\n+00030ba0: 2027 6461 7465 2030 312d 3031 2720 7769 'date 01-01' wi\n+00030bb0: 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 ll set the curre\n+00030bc0: 6e74 206d 6f6e 7468 2061 6e64 2064 6179 nt month and day\n+00030bd0: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 204a 616e 7561 7279 . to January\n+00030be0: 2031 2c20 6275 7420 6c65 6176 6520 7468 1, but leave th\n+00030bf0: 6520 7965 6172 2c20 686f 7572 2c20 6d69 e year, hour, mi\n+00030c00: 6e75 7465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 nute, and second\n+00030c10: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6368 616e 6765 642e . unchanged.\n+00030c20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00030c30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 7669 nfo, Node: devi\n+00030c40: 6365 7472 6565 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 cetree, Next: d\n+00030c50: 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 istrust, Prev: \n+00030c60: 6461 7465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 date, Up: Comma\n+00030c70: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00030c80: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3120 6465 7669 6365 ..17.4.21 device\n+00030c90: 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tree.-----------\n+00030ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00030cb0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 mand: devicetree\n+00030cc0: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 file. Load \n+00030cd0: 6120 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 6520 626c a device tree bl\n+00030ce0: 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 2920 6672 6f6d 2061 ob (.dtb) from a\n+00030cf0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 filesystem, for\n+00030d00: 206c 6174 6572 2075 7365 2062 790a 2020 later use by. \n+00030d10: 2020 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 a Linux kerne\n+00030d20: 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 206e 6f74 2070 6572 l. Does not per\n+00030d30: 666f 726d 206d 6572 6769 6e67 2077 6974 form merging wit\n+00030d40: 6820 616e 7920 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 h any device tre\n+00030d50: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 e. supplied \n+00030d60: 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 2062 7574 by firmware, but\n+00030d70: 2072 6174 6865 7220 7265 706c 6163 6573 rather replaces\n+00030d80: 2069 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 2e0a it completely..\n+00030d90: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 . Note: The \n+00030da0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 command is not a\n+00030db0: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b llowed when lock\n+00030dc0: 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 down is enforced\n+00030dd0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 (*note. Loc\n+00030de0: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 kdown::). This \n+00030df0: 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 is done to preve\n+00030e00: 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 nt subverting va\n+00030e10: 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 rious security. \n+00030e20: 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a mechanisms..\n+00030e30: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00030e40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6973 7472 fo, Node: distr\n+00030e50: 7573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6472 6976 ust, Next: driv\n+00030e60: 656d 6170 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6576 emap, Prev: dev\n+00030e70: 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f icetree, Up: Co\n+00030e80: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00030e90: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3232 2064 6973 nds..17.4.22 dis\n+00030ea0: 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d trust.----------\n+00030eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00030ec0: 616e 643a 2064 6973 7472 7573 7420 7075 and: distrust pu\n+00030ed0: 626b 6579 5f69 640a 2020 2020 2052 656d bkey_id. Rem\n+00030ee0: 6f76 6520 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2050 ove public key P\n+00030ef0: 5542 4b45 595f 4944 2066 726f 6d20 4752 UBKEY_ID from GR\n+00030f00: 5542 2773 206b 6579 7269 6e67 206f 6620 UB's keyring of \n+00030f10: 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a 2020 trusted keys.. \n+00030f20: 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 2069 7320 PUBKEY_ID is \n+00030f30: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2066 6f75 7220 6279 the last four by\n+00030f40: 7465 7320 2865 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 tes (eight hexad\n+00030f50: 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 206f ecimal digits) o\n+00030f60: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 5047 2076 f the. GPG v\n+00030f70: 3420 6b65 7920 6964 2c20 7768 6963 6820 4 key id, which \n+00030f80: 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 is also the outp\n+00030f90: 7574 206f 6620 e280 986c 6973 745f 7472 ut of ...list_tr\n+00030fa0: 7573 7465 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a usted... (*note.\n+00030fb0: 2020 2020 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 list_truste\n+00030fc0: 643a 3a29 2e20 204f 7574 7369 6465 206f d::). Outside o\n+00030fd0: 6620 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 7920 f GRUB, the key \n+00030fe0: 6964 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f62 7461 696e id can be obtain\n+00030ff0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ed using. ..\n+00031000: 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 .gpg --fingerpri\n+00031010: 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b nt...). These k\n+00031020: 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 eys are used to \n+00031030: 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2073 6967 6e61 7475 validate signatu\n+00031040: 7265 730a 2020 2020 2077 6865 6e20 656e res. when en\n+00031050: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00031060: 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e le ...check_sign\n+00031070: 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 atures... is set\n+00031080: 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 to ...enforce..\n+00031090: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 .. (*note ch\n+000310a0: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a eck_signatures::\n+000310b0: 292c 2061 6e64 2062 7920 736f 6d65 2069 ), and by some i\n+000310c0: 6e76 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 nvocations of. \n+000310d0: 2020 20e2 8098 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 ...verify_det\n+000310e0: 6163 6865 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ached... (*note \n+000310f0: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a verify_detached:\n+00031100: 3a29 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 :). *Note Using\n+00031110: 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 digital. si\n+00031120: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 gnatures::, for \n+00031130: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n+00031140: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00031150: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 7269 info, Node: dri\n+00031160: 7665 6d61 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6563 vemap, Next: ec\n+00031170: 686f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6973 7472 ho, Prev: distr\n+00031180: 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ust, Up: Comman\n+00031190: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+000311a0: 0a31 372e 342e 3233 2064 7269 7665 6d61 .17.4.23 drivema\n+000311b0: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n+000311c0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+000311d0: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c drivemap -l|-r|\n+000311e0: 5b2d 735d 2066 726f 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 [-s] from_drive \n+000311f0: 746f 5f64 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 5769 to_drive. Wi\n+00031200: 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 206d thout options, m\n+00031210: 6170 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2046 524f ap the drive FRO\n+00031220: 4d5f 4452 4956 4520 746f 2074 6865 2064 M_DRIVE to the d\n+00031230: 7269 7665 2054 4f5f 4452 4956 452e 0a20 rive TO_DRIVE.. \n+00031240: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e65 6365 This is nece\n+00031250: 7373 6172 7920 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2063 ssary when you c\n+00031260: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 206f hain-load some o\n+00031270: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+00031280: 2c20 7375 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6173 2044 , such. as D\n+00031290: 4f53 2c20 6966 2073 7563 6820 616e 204f OS, if such an O\n+000312a0: 5320 7265 7369 6465 7320 6174 2061 206e S resides at a n\n+000312b0: 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2064 7269 7665 2e20 on-first drive. \n+000312c0: 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 656e For. conven\n+000312d0: 6965 6e63 652c 2061 6e79 2070 6172 7469 ience, any parti\n+000312e0: 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 tion suffix on t\n+000312f0: 6865 2064 7269 7665 2069 7320 6967 6e6f he drive is igno\n+00031300: 7265 642c 2073 6f20 796f 750a 2020 2020 red, so you. \n+00031310: 2063 616e 2073 6166 656c 7920 7573 6520 can safely use \n+00031320: 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 6173 2061 2064 7269 ${root} as a dri\n+00031330: 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ve specification\n+00031340: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 ... With the\n+00031350: 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-s... option\n+00031360: 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7265 , perform the re\n+00031370: 7665 7273 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6720 6173 verse mapping as\n+00031380: 2077 656c 6c2c 2073 7761 7070 696e 670a well, swapping.\n+00031390: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 776f 2064 7269 the two dri\n+000313a0: 7665 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ves... With \n+000313b0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-l... opt\n+000313c0: 696f 6e2c 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 6375 ion, list the cu\n+000313d0: 7272 656e 7420 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2e0a rrent mappings..\n+000313e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 . With the .\n+000313f0: 8098 2d72 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 ..-r... option, \n+00031400: 7265 7365 7420 616c 6c20 6d61 7070 696e reset all mappin\n+00031410: 6773 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c gs to the defaul\n+00031420: 7420 7661 6c75 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 t values... \n+00031430: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 For example:.. \n+00031440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 drivemap\n+00031450: 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a -s (hd0) (hd1).\n+00031460: 0a20 2020 2020 4e4f 5445 3a20 4f6e 6c79 . NOTE: Only\n+00031470: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6933 available on i3\n+00031480: 3836 2d70 632e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 86-pc.....File: \n+00031490: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000314a0: 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 : echo, Next: e\n+000314b0: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 fitextmode, Pre\n+000314c0: 763a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 5570 v: drivemap, Up\n+000314d0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+000314e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3234 ommands..17.4.24\n+000314f0: 2065 6368 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d echo.----------\n+00031500: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00031510: 2065 6368 6f20 5b2d 6e5d 205b 2d65 5d20 echo [-n] [-e] \n+00031520: 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 string .... \n+00031530: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 7175 Display the requ\n+00031540: 6573 7465 6420 7465 7874 2061 6e64 2c20 ested text and, \n+00031550: 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6e unless the ...-n\n+00031560: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 ... option is us\n+00031570: 6564 2c20 610a 2020 2020 2074 7261 696c ed, a. trail\n+00031580: 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 ing new line. I\n+00031590: 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 206d 6f72 6520 f there is more \n+000315a0: 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 7472 696e 672c than one string,\n+000315b0: 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 they are. s\n+000315c0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 eparated by spac\n+000315d0: 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 es in the output\n+000315e0: 2e20 2041 7320 7573 7561 6c20 696e 2047 . As usual in G\n+000315f0: 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c0a 2020 RUB commands,. \n+00031600: 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 206d 6179 variables may\n+00031610: 2062 6520 7375 6273 7469 7475 7465 6420 be substituted \n+00031620: 7573 696e 6720 e280 9824 7b76 6172 7de2 using ...${var}.\n+00031630: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 ..... The ..\n+00031640: 982d 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 656e .-e... option en\n+00031650: 6162 6c65 7320 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 ables interpreta\n+00031660: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6261 636b 736c 6173 tion of backslas\n+00031670: 6820 6573 6361 7065 732e 2020 5468 650a h escapes. The.\n+00031680: 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 following s\n+00031690: 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2061 7265 2072 6563 equences are rec\n+000316a0: 6f67 6e69 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 ognised:.. .\n+000316b0: 8098 5c5c e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\\\.... \n+000316c0: 2020 6261 636b 736c 6173 680a 0a20 2020 backslash.. \n+000316d0: 2020 e280 985c 61e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ...\\a.... \n+000316e0: 2020 2020 2061 6c65 7274 2028 4245 4c29 alert (BEL)\n+000316f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c63 e280 990a .. ...\\c....\n+00031700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 7070 7265 suppre\n+00031710: 7373 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 ss trailing new \n+00031720: 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c66 line.. ...\\f\n+00031730: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f .... fo\n+00031740: 726d 2066 6565 640a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 rm feed.. ..\n+00031750: 985c 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .\\n.... \n+00031760: 206e 6577 206c 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 new line.. \n+00031770: e280 985c 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ...\\r.... \n+00031780: 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 carriage retu\n+00031790: 726e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c74 e280 rn.. ...\\t..\n+000317a0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 686f 7269 .. hori\n+000317b0: 7a6f 6e74 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 zontal tab.. \n+000317c0: 20e2 8098 5c76 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\v.... \n+000317d0: 2020 2020 7665 7274 6963 616c 2074 6162 vertical tab\n+000317e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 696e 7465 .. When inte\n+000317f0: 7270 7265 7469 6e67 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 rpreting backsla\n+00031800: 7368 2065 7363 6170 6573 2c20 6261 636b sh escapes, back\n+00031810: 736c 6173 6820 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 slash followed b\n+00031820: 7920 616e 790a 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 y any. other\n+00031830: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2077 696c 6c20 character will \n+00031840: 7072 696e 7420 7468 6174 2063 6861 7261 print that chara\n+00031850: 6374 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 cter.....File: g\n+00031860: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00031870: 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e efitextmode, N\n+00031880: 6578 743a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 ext: eval, Prev\n+00031890: 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : echo, Up: Com\n+000318a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+000318b0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3520 6566 6974 ds..17.4.25 efit\n+000318c0: 6578 746d 6f64 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d extmode.--------\n+000318d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+000318e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6566 6974 6578 Command: efitex\n+000318f0: 746d 6f64 6520 5b6d 696e 207c 206d 6178 tmode [min | max\n+00031900: 207c 203c 6d6f 6465 5f6e 756d 3e20 7c20 | | \n+00031910: 3c63 6f6c 733e 203c 726f 7773 3e5d 0a20 ]. \n+00031920: 2020 2020 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 When used wi\n+00031930: 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 th no arguments \n+00031940: 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 displays all ava\n+00031950: 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 ilable text outp\n+00031960: 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 ut. modes. \n+00031970: 5468 6520 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 2064 6574 The set mode det\n+00031980: 6572 6d69 6e65 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c75 ermines the colu\n+00031990: 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 mns and rows of \n+000319a0: 7468 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6469 the text. di\n+000319b0: 7370 6c61 7920 7768 656e 2069 6e20 7465 splay when in te\n+000319c0: 7874 206d 6f64 652e 2020 416e 2061 7374 xt mode. An ast\n+000319d0: 6572 6973 6b2c 20e2 8098 2ae2 8099 2c20 erisk, ...*..., \n+000319e0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6174 2074 6865 2065 will be at the e\n+000319f0: 6e64 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c nd of. the l\n+00031a00: 696e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 ine of the curre\n+00031a10: 6e74 6c79 2073 6574 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a ntly set mode...\n+00031a20: 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 6e20 6120 If given a \n+00031a30: 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 single parameter\n+00031a40: 2c20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 20e2 8098 , it must be ...\n+00031a50: 6d69 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6178 e280 min..., ...max..\n+00031a60: 992c 206f 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 ., or a mode. \n+00031a70: 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2067 6976 656e 2062 number given b\n+00031a80: 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7768 y the listing wh\n+00031a90: 656e 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 en run with no a\n+00031aa0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e20 2054 6865 7365 rguments. These\n+00031ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 . arguments \n+00031ac0: 7365 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 2074 6f20 set the mode to \n+00031ad0: 7468 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 206d 6178 the minimum, max\n+00031ae0: 696d 756d 2c20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6963 imum, and partic\n+00031af0: 756c 6172 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2072 ular mode. r\n+00031b00: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 espectively... \n+00031b10: 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 Otherwise, th\n+00031b20: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d75 7374 2062 e command must b\n+00031b30: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7477 6f20 6e75 6d65 e given two nume\n+00031b40: 7269 6361 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a rical arguments.\n+00031b50: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 specifying \n+00031b60: 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 the columns and \n+00031b70: 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 7369 rows of the desi\n+00031b80: 7265 6420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2053 7065 6369 red mode. Speci\n+00031b90: 6679 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c fying a. col\n+00031ba0: 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 636f umns and rows co\n+00031bb0: 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2063 mbination that c\n+00031bc0: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 6e6f orresponds to no\n+00031bd0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 652c supported mode,\n+00031be0: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6574 7572 . will retur\n+00031bf0: 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 206f 7468 n error, but oth\n+00031c00: 6572 7769 7365 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 erwise have no e\n+00031c10: 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 ffect... By \n+00031c20: 6465 6661 756c 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c default GRUB wil\n+00031c30: 6c20 7374 6172 7420 696e 2077 6861 7465 l start in whate\n+00031c40: 7665 7220 6d6f 6465 2074 6865 2045 4649 ver mode the EFI\n+00031c50: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 2064 firmware. d\n+00031c60: 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2e20 2054 6865 efaults to. The\n+00031c70: 7265 2061 7265 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 re are firmwares\n+00031c80: 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7570 known to set up\n+00031c90: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6f64 the default mod\n+00031ca0: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 e. such that\n+00031cb0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6265 6861 7665 7320 output behaves \n+00031cc0: 7374 7261 6e67 656c 792c 2066 6f72 2065 strangely, for e\n+00031cd0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f xample the curso\n+00031ce0: 7220 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4752 r in the. GR\n+00031cf0: 5542 2073 6865 6c6c 206e 6576 6572 2072 UB shell never r\n+00031d00: 6561 6368 6573 2074 6865 2062 6f74 746f eaches the botto\n+00031d10: 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 m of the screen \n+00031d20: 6f72 2c20 7768 656e 2074 7970 696e 670a or, when typing.\n+00031d30: 2020 2020 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 characters \n+00031d40: 6174 2074 6865 2070 726f 6d70 742c 2063 at the prompt, c\n+00031d50: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 haracters from p\n+00031d60: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 revious command \n+00031d70: 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 output. are \n+00031d80: 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e2e 2020 5365 overwritten. Se\n+00031d90: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 206d tting the mode m\n+00031da0: 6179 2066 6978 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 ay fix this... \n+00031db0: 2020 2054 6865 2045 4649 2073 7065 6369 The EFI speci\n+00031dc0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 6179 7320 7468 fication says th\n+00031dd0: 6174 206d 6f64 6520 3020 6d75 7374 2062 at mode 0 must b\n+00031de0: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 616e 6420 e available and \n+00031df0: 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e have. column\n+00031e00: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 s and rows of 80\n+00031e10: 2061 6e64 2032 3520 7265 7370 6563 7469 and 25 respecti\n+00031e20: 7665 6c79 2e20 204d 6f64 6520 3120 6d61 vely. Mode 1 ma\n+00031e30: 7920 6265 2064 6566 696e 6564 0a20 2020 y be defined. \n+00031e40: 2020 616e 6420 6966 2073 6f20 6d75 7374 and if so must\n+00031e50: 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e have columns an\n+00031e60: 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 d rows of 80 and\n+00031e70: 2035 3020 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 50 respectively\n+00031e80: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 .. Any other\n+00031e90: 206d 6f64 6573 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 modes may have \n+00031ea0: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n+00031eb0: 2061 7262 6974 7261 7269 6c79 2064 6566 arbitrarily def\n+00031ec0: 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ined by. the\n+00031ed0: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 5468 6973 firmware. This\n+00031ee0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6120 6d6f means that a mo\n+00031ef0: 6465 2077 6974 6820 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 de with columns \n+00031f00: 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3130 300a and rows of 100.\n+00031f10: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2033 3120 6f6e 206f and 31 on o\n+00031f20: 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 7920 ne firmware may \n+00031f30: 6265 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d be a different m\n+00031f40: 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6e20 610a ode number on a.\n+00031f50: 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 different f\n+00031f60: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6f72 206e 6f74 2065 irmware or not e\n+00031f70: 7869 7374 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 2020 4c69 xist at all. Li\n+00031f80: 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 6d6f 6465 206e 756d kewise, mode num\n+00031f90: 6265 7220 3220 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e ber 2 on. on\n+00031fa0: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 206d 6179 2068 e firmware may h\n+00031fb0: 6176 6520 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 ave a different \n+00031fc0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e number of column\n+00031fd0: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2074 6861 6e0a s and rows than.\n+00031fe0: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 3220 6f6e 2061 mode 2 on a\n+00031ff0: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 different firmw\n+00032000: 6172 652e 2020 536f 206f 6e65 2073 686f are. So one sho\n+00032010: 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 uld not rely on \n+00032020: 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 a. particula\n+00032030: 7220 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f72 r mode number or\n+00032040: 2061 206d 6f64 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6572 a mode of a cer\n+00032050: 7461 696e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 tain number of c\n+00032060: 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 olumns and. \n+00032070: 726f 7773 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6f6e rows existing on\n+00032080: 2061 6c6c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 2c20 all firmwares, \n+00032090: 6578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 6520 except for mode \n+000320a0: 302e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 0... Note: T\n+000320b0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f his command is o\n+000320c0: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n+000320d0: 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 EFI platforms a\n+000320e0: 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 696d 696c nd is. simil\n+000320f0: 6172 2074 6f20 4546 4920 7368 656c 6c20 ar to EFI shell \n+00032100: 226d 6f64 6522 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a \"mode\" command..\n+00032110: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00032120: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 7661 6c2c fo, Node: eval,\n+00032130: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 Next: export, \n+00032140: 2050 7265 763a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f Prev: efitextmo\n+00032150: 6465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 de, Up: Command\n+00032160: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00032170: 3137 2e34 2e32 3620 6576 616c 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.26 eval.---\n+00032180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00032190: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6576 616c 2073 7472 ommand: eval str\n+000321a0: 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6e ing .... Con\n+000321b0: 6361 7465 6e61 7465 2061 7267 756d 656e catenate argumen\n+000321c0: 7473 2074 6f67 6574 6865 7220 7573 696e ts together usin\n+000321d0: 6720 7369 6e67 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2061 g single space a\n+000321e0: 7320 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 616e 640a s separator and.\n+000321f0: 2020 2020 2065 7661 6c75 6174 6520 7265 evaluate re\n+00032200: 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7365 7175 656e 6365 sult as sequence\n+00032210: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 of GRUB command\n+00032220: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00032230: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 .info, Node: ex\n+00032240: 706f 7274 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c port, Next: fal\n+00032250: 7365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 7661 6c2c se, Prev: eval,\n+00032260: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00032270: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00032280: 342e 3237 2065 7870 6f72 740a 2d2d 2d2d 4.27 export.----\n+00032290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+000322a0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7870 6f72 7420 Command: export \n+000322b0: 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 2020 4578 706f envvar. Expo\n+000322c0: 7274 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 rt the environme\n+000322d0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 nt variable ENVV\n+000322e0: 4152 2e20 2045 7870 6f72 7465 6420 7661 AR. Exported va\n+000322f0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 riables are. \n+00032300: 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 6273 visible to subs\n+00032310: 6964 6961 7279 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 idiary configura\n+00032320: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 206c 6f61 6465 tion files loade\n+00032330: 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 d using. ...\n+00032340: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a configfile......\n+00032350: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00032360: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 652c o, Node: false,\n+00032370: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c Next: fwsetup,\n+00032380: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 Prev: export, \n+00032390: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000323a0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+000323b0: 2e32 3820 6661 6c73 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .28 false.------\n+000323c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+000323d0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6661 6c73 650a 2020 2020 mand: false. \n+000323e0: 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2075 6e73 Do nothing, uns\n+000323f0: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 uccessfully. Th\n+00032400: 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 is is mainly use\n+00032410: 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 ful in control. \n+00032420: 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 constructs s\n+00032430: 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 uch as ...if... \n+00032440: 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 and ...while... \n+00032450: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b (*note Shell-lik\n+00032460: 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a e scripting::)..\n+00032470: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00032480: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 7773 6574 fo, Node: fwset\n+00032490: 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6462 696e up, Next: gdbin\n+000324a0: 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c 7365 fo, Prev: false\n+000324b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+000324c0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+000324d0: 2e34 2e32 3920 6677 7365 7475 700a 2d2d .4.29 fwsetup.--\n+000324e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+000324f0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6677 7365 -- Command: fwse\n+00032500: 7475 7020 5b2d 2d69 732d 7375 7070 6f72 tup [--is-suppor\n+00032510: 7465 645d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 ted]. Reboot\n+00032520: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 into the firmwa\n+00032530: 7265 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e 752e 2020 re setup menu. \n+00032540: 4966 20e2 8098 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 706f If ...--is-suppo\n+00032550: 7274 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 rted... option i\n+00032560: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 s. specified\n+00032570: 2c20 696e 7374 6561 6420 6368 6563 6b20 , instead check \n+00032580: 7768 6574 6865 7220 7468 6520 6669 726d whether the firm\n+00032590: 7761 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6120 ware supports a \n+000325a0: 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 setup menu. \n+000325b0: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2073 7563 6365 7373 and exit success\n+000325c0: 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f2e 0a0a 1f0a fully if so.....\n+000325d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000325e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c Node: gdbinfo,\n+000325f0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c Next: gettext,\n+00032600: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c Prev: fwsetup,\n+00032610: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00032620: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00032630: 342e 3330 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 4.30 gdbinfo.---\n+00032640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00032650: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 6462 696e - Command: gdbin\n+00032660: 666f 0a20 2020 2020 4f75 7470 7574 2074 fo. Output t\n+00032670: 6578 7420 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 ext to be used a\n+00032680: 7320 6120 4744 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 s a GDB command \n+00032690: 666f 7220 6120 4744 4220 7365 7373 696f for a GDB sessio\n+000326a0: 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 n using the. \n+000326b0: 2067 6462 5f67 7275 6220 7363 7269 7074 gdb_grub script\n+000326c0: 2061 6e64 2061 7474 6163 6865 6420 746f and attached to\n+000326d0: 2061 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 a running GRUB \n+000326e0: 696e 7374 616e 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2047 instance. The G\n+000326f0: 4442 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 DB. command \n+00032700: 7468 6174 2069 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2077 that is output w\n+00032710: 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 2047 4442 2068 6f77 ill tell GDB how\n+00032720: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2064 6562 7567 6769 to load debuggi\n+00032730: 6e67 2073 796d 626f 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 ng symbols. \n+00032740: 746f 2074 6865 6972 2070 726f 7065 7220 to their proper \n+00032750: 7275 6e74 696d 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e runtime address.\n+00032760: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6973 Currently this\n+00032770: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n+00032780: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 4546 4920 le. for EFI \n+00032790: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5365 6520 platforms. See \n+000327a0: 7468 6520 4465 6275 6767 696e 6720 696e the Debugging in\n+000327b0: 2074 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 0a20 the developer. \n+000327c0: 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f documentatio\n+000327d0: 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 n for more infor\n+000327e0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mation.....File:\n+000327f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00032800: 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 204e 6578 e: gettext, Nex\n+00032810: 743a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2050 7265 t: gptsync, Pre\n+00032820: 763a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a v: gdbinfo, Up:\n+00032830: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00032840: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3120 mmands..17.4.31 \n+00032850: 6765 7474 6578 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gettext.--------\n+00032860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00032870: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6765 7474 6578 7420 7374 mand: gettext st\n+00032880: 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c ring. Transl\n+00032890: 6174 6520 5354 5249 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 ate STRING into \n+000328a0: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 the current lang\n+000328b0: 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 uage... The \n+000328c0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 current language\n+000328d0: 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 code is stored \n+000328e0: 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c61 6e67 e280 in the ...lang..\n+000328f0: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 . variable in. \n+00032900: 2020 2047 5255 4227 7320 656e 7669 726f GRUB's enviro\n+00032910: 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 616e nment (*note lan\n+00032920: 673a 3a29 2e20 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 g::). Translati\n+00032930: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 on files in MO f\n+00032940: 6f72 6d61 740a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2072 ormat. are r\n+00032950: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6c6f 6361 ead from ...loca\n+00032960: 6c65 5f64 6972 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 le_dir... (*note\n+00032970: 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 723a 3a29 2c20 locale_dir::), \n+00032980: 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 usually. ...\n+00032990: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c /boot/grub/local\n+000329a0: 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 e........File: g\n+000329b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000329c0: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 204e 6578 743a gptsync, Next:\n+000329d0: 2068 616c 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6765 halt, Prev: ge\n+000329e0: 7474 6578 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ttext, Up: Comm\n+000329f0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00032a00: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3332 2067 7074 7379 s..17.4.32 gptsy\n+00032a10: 6e63 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nc.-------------\n+00032a20: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00032a30: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2064 6576 6963 6520 gptsync device \n+00032a40: 5b70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 5b2b 2f2d 5b74 [partition[+/-[t\n+00032a50: 7970 655d 5d5d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 ype]]] .... \n+00032a60: 4469 736b 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 Disks using the \n+00032a70: 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 GUID Partition T\n+00032a80: 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2061 6c73 6f20 able (GPT) also \n+00032a90: 6861 7665 2061 206c 6567 6163 790a 2020 have a legacy. \n+00032aa0: 2020 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 Master Boot R\n+00032ab0: 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 7061 7274 ecord (MBR) part\n+00032ac0: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 ition table for \n+00032ad0: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 compatibility wi\n+00032ae0: 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4249 4f53 th the. BIOS\n+00032af0: 2061 6e64 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 and with older \n+00032b00: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00032b10: 732e 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d s. The legacy M\n+00032b20: 4252 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 BR can only. \n+00032b30: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2061 206c 696d represent a lim\n+00032b40: 6974 6564 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2047 ited subset of G\n+00032b50: 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 PT partition ent\n+00032b60: 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 ries... This\n+00032b70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2070 6f70 756c 6174 command populat\n+00032b80: 6573 2074 6865 206c 6567 6163 7920 4d42 es the legacy MB\n+00032b90: 5220 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 R with the speci\n+00032ba0: 6669 6564 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 0a20 fied PARTITION. \n+00032bb0: 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2044 entries on D\n+00032bc0: 4556 4943 452e 2020 5570 2074 6f20 7468 EVICE. Up to th\n+00032bd0: 7265 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206d ree partitions m\n+00032be0: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 ay be used... \n+00032bf0: 2020 5459 5045 2069 7320 616e 204d 4252 TYPE is an MBR\n+00032c00: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 partition type \n+00032c10: 636f 6465 3b20 7072 6566 6978 2077 6974 code; prefix wit\n+00032c20: 6820 e280 9830 78e2 8099 2069 6620 796f h ...0x... if yo\n+00032c30: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 u want to. e\n+00032c40: 6e74 6572 2074 6869 7320 696e 2068 6578 nter this in hex\n+00032c50: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2e20 2054 6865 2073 adecimal. The s\n+00032c60: 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2062 6574 7765 656e eparator between\n+00032c70: 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 2061 6e64 0a20 PARTITION and. \n+00032c80: 2020 2020 5459 5045 206d 6179 2062 6520 TYPE may be \n+00032c90: e280 982b e280 9920 746f 206d 616b 6520 ...+... to make \n+00032ca0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6163 the partition ac\n+00032cb0: 7469 7665 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 tive, or ...-...\n+00032cc0: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 740a 2020 2020 to make it. \n+00032cd0: 2069 6e61 6374 6976 653b 206f 6e6c 7920 inactive; only \n+00032ce0: 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 one partition ma\n+00032cf0: 7920 6265 2061 6374 6976 652e 2020 4966 y be active. If\n+00032d00: 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 7365 7061 7261 both the separa\n+00032d10: 746f 720a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 7970 tor. and typ\n+00032d20: 6520 6172 6520 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 e are omitted, t\n+00032d30: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f hen the partitio\n+00032d40: 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 6163 7469 n will be inacti\n+00032d50: 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ve.....File: gru\n+00032d60: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 b.info, Node: h\n+00032d70: 616c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6861 7368 alt, Next: hash\n+00032d80: 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6770 7473 sum, Prev: gpts\n+00032d90: 796e 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ync, Up: Comman\n+00032da0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00032db0: 0a31 372e 342e 3333 2068 616c 740a 2d2d .17.4.33 halt.--\n+00032dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00032dd0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 616c 7420 5b2d Command: halt [-\n+00032de0: 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 -no-apm]. Th\n+00032df0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6861 6c74 7320 e command halts \n+00032e00: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e20 204f the computer. O\n+00032e10: 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 6320 7461 n the i386-pc ta\n+00032e20: 7267 6574 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 rget, the. .\n+00032e30: 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d e280 9920 6f70 ..--no-apm... op\n+00032e40: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2073 686f 7274 20e2 tion, or short .\n+00032e50: 8098 2d6e e280 992c 2069 7320 7370 6563 ..-n..., is spec\n+00032e60: 6966 6965 642c 206e 6f20 4150 4d20 4249 ified, no APM BI\n+00032e70: 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 OS call is. \n+00032e80: 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 4f74 6865 performed. Othe\n+00032e90: 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 rwise, the compu\n+00032ea0: 7465 7220 6973 2073 6875 7420 646f 776e ter is shut down\n+00032eb0: 2075 7369 6e67 2041 504d 206f 6e20 7468 using APM on th\n+00032ec0: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 2e0a at. target..\n+00032ed0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00032ee0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6173 6873 fo, Node: hashs\n+00032ef0: 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 656c 702c um, Next: help,\n+00032f00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2055 Prev: halt, U\n+00032f10: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00032f20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n+00032f30: 3420 6861 7368 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 hashsum.------\n+00032f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00032f50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d20 ommand: hashsum \n+00032f60: 2d2d 6861 7368 2068 6173 6820 2d2d 6b65 --hash hash --ke\n+00032f70: 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 202d 2d75 6e63 6f6d ep-going --uncom\n+00032f80: 7072 6573 7320 2d2d 6368 6563 6b20 6669 press --check fi\n+00032f90: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d le. [--\n+00032fa0: 7072 6566 6978 2064 6972 5d7c 6669 6c65 prefix dir]|file\n+00032fb0: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 .... Comput\n+00032fc0: 6520 6f72 2076 6572 6966 7920 6669 6c65 e or verify file\n+00032fd0: 2068 6173 6865 732e 2020 4861 7368 2074 hashes. Hash t\n+00032fe0: 7970 6520 6973 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 ype is selected \n+00032ff0: 7769 7468 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 with option. \n+00033000: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 7368 e280 992e 2020 ...--hash.... \n+00033010: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6861 7368 6573 Supported hashes\n+00033020: 2061 7265 3a20 e280 9861 646c 6572 3332 are: ...adler32\n+00033030: e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6336 34e2 8099 ..., ...crc64...\n+00033040: 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3332 e280 992c 0a20 , ...crc32...,. \n+00033050: 2020 2020 e280 9863 7263 3332 7266 6331 ...crc32rfc1\n+00033060: 3531 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3234 510..., ...crc24\n+00033070: 7266 6332 3434 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d rfc2440..., ...m\n+00033080: 6434 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d64 35e2 8099 d4..., ...md5...\n+00033090: 2c20 e280 9872 6970 656d 6431 3630 e280 , ...ripemd160..\n+000330a0: 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6131 e280 992c 0a20 ., ...sha1...,. \n+000330b0: 2020 2020 e280 9873 6861 3232 34e2 8099 ...sha224...\n+000330c0: 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3235 36e2 8099 2c20 , ...sha256..., \n+000330d0: e280 9873 6861 3531 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 ...sha512..., ..\n+000330e0: 9873 6861 3338 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 .sha384..., ...t\n+000330f0: 6967 6572 3139 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 iger192..., ...t\n+00033100: 6967 6572 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 iger...,. ..\n+00033110: 9874 6967 6572 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9877 .tiger2..., ...w\n+00033120: 6869 726c 706f 6f6c e280 992e 2020 4f70 hirlpool.... Op\n+00033130: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 tion ...--uncomp\n+00033140: 7265 7373 e280 9920 756e 636f 6d70 7265 ress... uncompre\n+00033150: 7373 6573 2066 696c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 sses files. \n+00033160: 6265 666f 7265 2063 6f6d 7075 7469 6e67 before computing\n+00033170: 2068 6173 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 hash... Whe\n+00033180: 6e20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7320 n list of files \n+00033190: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6861 7368 206f is given, hash o\n+000331a0: 6620 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 f each file is c\n+000331b0: 6f6d 7075 7465 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 omputed and. \n+000331c0: 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 printed, follow\n+000331d0: 6564 2062 7920 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c ed by file name,\n+000331e0: 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 206f 6e20 6120 each file on a \n+000331f0: 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 new line... \n+00033200: 5768 656e 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d When option ...-\n+00033210: 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 -check... is giv\n+00033220: 656e 2c20 6974 2070 6f69 6e74 7320 746f en, it points to\n+00033230: 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2063 6f6e a file that con\n+00033240: 7461 696e 730a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 tains. list \n+00033250: 6f66 2048 4153 4820 4e41 4d45 2070 6169 of HASH NAME pai\n+00033260: 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 rs in the same f\n+00033270: 6f72 6d61 7420 6173 2075 7365 6420 6279 ormat as used by\n+00033280: 2055 4e49 5820 e280 986d 6435 7375 6de2 UNIX ...md5sum.\n+00033290: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e ... command.\n+000332a0: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7072 Option ...--pr\n+000332b0: 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2075 efix... may be u\n+000332c0: 7365 6420 746f 2067 6976 6520 6469 7265 sed to give dire\n+000332d0: 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 650a 2020 2020 ctory where. \n+000332e0: 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 206c 6f63 6174 files are locat\n+000332f0: 6564 2e20 2048 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 ed. Hash verifi\n+00033300: 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 746f 7073 2061 6674 cation stops aft\n+00033310: 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 er the first. \n+00033320: 2020 6d69 736d 6174 6368 2077 6173 2066 mismatch was f\n+00033330: 6f75 6e64 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 ound unless opti\n+00033340: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 on ...--keep-goi\n+00033350: 6e67 e280 9920 7761 7320 6769 7665 6e2e ng... was given.\n+00033360: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2065 7869 7420 The. exit \n+00033370: 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 code ...$?... is\n+00033380: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2068 6173 set to 0 if has\n+00033390: 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 h verification i\n+000333a0: 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2e20 2049 s successful. I\n+000333b0: 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 6661 696c 732c f. it fails,\n+000333c0: 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 ...$?... is set\n+000333d0: 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 to a nonzero va\n+000333e0: 6c75 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 lue.....File: gr\n+000333f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00033400: 6865 6c70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 6578 help, Next: hex\n+00033410: 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6173 dump, Prev: has\n+00033420: 6873 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 hsum, Up: Comma\n+00033430: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00033440: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3520 6865 6c70 0a2d ..17.4.35 help.-\n+00033450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00033460: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 6c70 205b Command: help [\n+00033470: 7061 7474 6572 6e20 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 pattern ...]. \n+00033480: 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6865 6c70 6675 Display helpfu\n+00033490: 6c20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 l information ab\n+000334a0: 6f75 7420 6275 696c 7469 6e20 636f 6d6d out builtin comm\n+000334b0: 616e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f ands. If you do\n+000334c0: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 not. specif\n+000334d0: 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e2c 2074 6869 7320 y PATTERN, this \n+000334e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f77 7320 7368 command shows sh\n+000334f0: 6f72 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e73 ort descriptions\n+00033500: 206f 6620 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2061 7661 of all. ava\n+00033510: 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e ilable commands.\n+00033520: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 .. If you sp\n+00033530: 6563 6966 7920 616e 7920 5041 5454 4552 ecify any PATTER\n+00033540: 4e53 2c20 6974 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 NS, it displays \n+00033550: 6c6f 6e67 6572 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 longer informati\n+00033560: 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6561 on about. ea\n+00033570: 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ch of the comman\n+00033580: 6473 2077 686f 7365 206e 616d 6573 2062 ds whose names b\n+00033590: 6567 696e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6f73 6520 egin with those \n+000335a0: 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c PATTERNS.....Fil\n+000335b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000335c0: 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 204e ode: hexdump, N\n+000335d0: 6578 743a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 ext: insmod, Pr\n+000335e0: 6576 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: help, Up: C\n+000335f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00033600: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3620 6865 ands..17.4.36 he\n+00033610: 7864 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xdump.----------\n+00033620: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00033630: 6e64 3a20 6865 7864 756d 7020 5b2d 2d73 nd: hexdump [--s\n+00033640: 6b69 7020 6f66 6673 6574 5d20 5b2d 2d6c kip offset] [--l\n+00033650: 656e 6774 6820 6c65 6e5d 2046 494c 455f ength len] FILE_\n+00033660: 4f52 5f44 4556 4943 450a 2020 2020 2053 OR_DEVICE. S\n+00033670: 686f 7720 7261 7720 636f 6e74 656e 7473 how raw contents\n+00033680: 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 of a file or me\n+00033690: 6d6f 7279 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 mory. When opti\n+000336a0: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 9920 on ...--skip... \n+000336b0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 20e2 is. given, .\n+000336c0: 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 6e75 6d62 ..offset... numb\n+000336d0: 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 7320 6172 6520 er of bytes are \n+000336e0: 736b 6970 7065 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 skipped from the\n+000336f0: 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 start of the. \n+00033700: 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 2066 696c device or fil\n+00033710: 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 416e 6420 e280 e given. And ..\n+00033720: 982d 2d6c 656e 6774 68e2 8099 2061 6c6c .--length... all\n+00033730: 6f77 7320 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 ows specifying a\n+00033740: 206d 6178 696d 756d 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 maximum. nu\n+00033750: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 7320 746f mber of bytes to\n+00033760: 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 be shown... \n+00033770: 2049 6620 6769 7665 6e20 7468 6520 7370 If given the sp\n+00033780: 6563 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d ecial device nam\n+00033790: 6564 20e2 8098 286d 656d 29e2 8099 2c20 ed ...(mem)..., \n+000337a0: 7468 656e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 then the ...offs\n+000337b0: 6574 e280 9920 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 et... given. \n+000337c0: 2074 6f20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 to ...--skip...\n+000337d0: 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2074 is treated as t\n+000337e0: 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 6120 he address of a \n+000337f0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 memory location \n+00033800: 746f 2064 756d 700a 2020 2020 2066 726f to dump. fro\n+00033810: 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 m.....File: grub\n+00033820: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e .info, Node: in\n+00033830: 736d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206b 6579 smod, Next: key\n+00033840: 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 status, Prev: h\n+00033850: 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d exdump, Up: Com\n+00033860: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00033870: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3720 696e 736d ds..17.4.37 insm\n+00033880: 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d od.-------------\n+00033890: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+000338a0: 696e 736d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 insmod module. \n+000338b0: 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 7468 6520 6479 Insert the dy\n+000338c0: 6e61 6d69 6320 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c namic GRUB modul\n+000338d0: 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e e called MODULE.\n+000338e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000338f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 nfo, Node: keys\n+00033900: 7461 7475 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 tatus, Next: li\n+00033910: 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 st_env, Prev: i\n+00033920: 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d nsmod, Up: Comm\n+00033930: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00033940: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3338 206b 6579 7374 s..17.4.38 keyst\n+00033950: 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d atus.-----------\n+00033960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00033970: 616e 643a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 205b and: keystatus [\n+00033980: 2d2d 7368 6966 745d 205b 2d2d 6374 726c --shift] [--ctrl\n+00033990: 5d20 5b2d 2d61 6c74 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 ] [--alt]. R\n+000339a0: 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 eturn true if th\n+000339b0: 6520 5368 6966 742c 2043 6f6e 7472 6f6c e Shift, Control\n+000339c0: 2c20 6f72 2041 6c74 206d 6f64 6966 6965 , or Alt modifie\n+000339d0: 7220 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2068 656c 640a r keys are held.\n+000339e0: 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e2c 2061 7320 7265 down, as re\n+000339f0: 7175 6573 7465 6420 6279 206f 7074 696f quested by optio\n+00033a00: 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7365 ns. This is use\n+00033a10: 6675 6c20 696e 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 ful in scripting\n+00033a20: 2c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 , to. allow \n+00033a30: 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7220 636f 6e74 726f some user contro\n+00033a40: 6c20 6f76 6572 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 l over behaviour\n+00033a50: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2068 6176 696e 6720 without having \n+00033a60: 746f 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 610a 2020 to wait for a. \n+00033a70: 2020 206b 6579 7072 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 keypress... \n+00033a80: 2020 2043 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 Checking key \n+00033a90: 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 modifier status \n+00033aa0: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 is only supporte\n+00033ab0: 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f d on some platfo\n+00033ac0: 726d 732e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 rms.. If inv\n+00033ad0: 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 oked without any\n+00033ae0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 6520 e280 options, the ..\n+00033af0: 986b 6579 7374 6174 7573 e280 9920 636f .keystatus... co\n+00033b00: 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 730a 2020 mmand returns. \n+00033b10: 2020 2074 7275 6520 6966 2061 6e64 206f true if and o\n+00033b20: 6e6c 7920 6966 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 nly if checking \n+00033b30: 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 key modifier sta\n+00033b40: 7475 7320 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 tus is supported\n+00033b50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00033b60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 info, Node: lis\n+00033b70: 745f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 t_env, Next: li\n+00033b80: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2050 7265 st_trusted, Pre\n+00033b90: 763a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2055 v: keystatus, U\n+00033ba0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00033bb0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n+00033bc0: 3920 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 list_env.-----\n+00033bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00033be0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 Command: list_e\n+00033bf0: 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d nv [--file file]\n+00033c00: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2076 . List all v\n+00033c10: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ariables in the \n+00033c20: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n+00033c30: 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 k file. *Note. \n+00033c40: 2020 2020 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 Environment \n+00033c50: 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 block::... T\n+00033c60: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 he ...--file... \n+00033c70: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 option overrides\n+00033c80: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 the default loc\n+00033c90: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ation of the. \n+00033ca0: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c environment bl\n+00033cb0: 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ock.....File: gr\n+00033cc0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00033cd0: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 204e list_trusted, N\n+00033ce0: 6578 743a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 ext: load_env, \n+00033cf0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 Prev: list_env, \n+00033d00: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00033d10: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00033d20: 2e34 3020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 .40 list_trusted\n+00033d30: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00033d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00033d50: 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 nd: list_trusted\n+00033d60: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 . List all p\n+00033d70: 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2074 7275 7374 ublic keys trust\n+00033d80: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2066 6f72 2076 ed by GRUB for v\n+00033d90: 616c 6964 6174 696e 6720 7369 676e 6174 alidating signat\n+00033da0: 7572 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f ures.. The o\n+00033db0: 7574 7075 7420 6973 2069 6e20 4750 4727 utput is in GPG'\n+00033dc0: 7320 7634 206b 6579 2066 696e 6765 7270 s v4 key fingerp\n+00033dd0: 7269 6e74 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 rint format (i.e\n+00033de0: 2e2c 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 ., the output. \n+00033df0: 2020 206f 6620 e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 of ...gpg --f\n+00033e00: 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 ingerprint...). \n+00033e10: 2054 6865 206c 6561 7374 2073 6967 6e69 The least signi\n+00033e20: 6669 6361 6e74 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 ficant four byte\n+00033e30: 7320 286c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2065 6967 s (last. eig\n+00033e40: 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 ht hexadecimal d\n+00033e50: 6967 6974 7329 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 igits) can be us\n+00033e60: 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e ed as an argumen\n+00033e70: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6469 7374 7275 7374 t to ...distrust\n+00033e80: e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... (*note \n+00033e90: 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e distrust::). *N\n+00033ea0: 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 ote Using digita\n+00033eb0: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 l signatures::, \n+00033ec0: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e for more. in\n+00033ed0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 formation about \n+00033ee0: 7573 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 206b uses for these k\n+00033ef0: 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 eys.....File: gr\n+00033f00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00033f10: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a load_env, Next:\n+00033f20: 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 loadfont, Prev\n+00033f30: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 : list_trusted, \n+00033f40: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00033f50: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00033f60: 2e34 3120 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d .41 load_env.---\n+00033f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00033f80: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 -- Command: load\n+00033f90: 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c _env [--file fil\n+00033fa0: 655d 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d0a e] [--skip-sig].\n+00033fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b77 6869 7465 [white\n+00033fc0: 6c69 7374 6564 5f76 6172 6961 626c 655f listed_variable_\n+00033fd0: 6e61 6d65 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c name] .... L\n+00033fe0: 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 oad all variable\n+00033ff0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 s from the envir\n+00034000: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c onment block fil\n+00034010: 6520 696e 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e into the. \n+00034020: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 2a4e environment. *N\n+00034030: 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ote Environment \n+00034040: 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 block::... T\n+00034050: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 he ...--file... \n+00034060: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 option overrides\n+00034070: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 the default loc\n+00034080: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ation of the. \n+00034090: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c environment bl\n+000340a0: 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 ock... The .\n+000340b0: 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 ..--skip-sig... \n+000340c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 6b69 7073 2073 6967 option skips sig\n+000340d0: 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 nature checking \n+000340e0: 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 even when the. \n+000340f0: 2020 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 value of envi\n+00034100: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00034110: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n+00034120: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ures... is set t\n+00034130: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 o. ...enforc\n+00034140: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 e... (*note chec\n+00034150: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292e k_signatures::).\n+00034160: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 .. If one or\n+00034170: 206d 6f72 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e more variable n\n+00034180: 616d 6573 2061 7265 2070 726f 7669 6465 ames are provide\n+00034190: 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 d as arguments, \n+000341a0: 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e they are. in\n+000341b0: 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 2061 2077 terpreted as a w\n+000341c0: 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7661 7269 hitelist of vari\n+000341d0: 6162 6c65 7320 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6672 ables to load fr\n+000341e0: 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 om the. envi\n+000341f0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 ronment block fi\n+00034200: 6c65 2e20 2056 6172 6961 626c 6573 2073 le. Variables s\n+00034210: 6574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2062 et in the file b\n+00034220: 7574 206e 6f74 2070 7265 7365 6e74 0a20 ut not present. \n+00034230: 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 in the white\n+00034240: 6c69 7374 2061 7265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 list are ignored\n+00034250: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n+00034260: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 -skip-sig... opt\n+00034270: 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 ion should be us\n+00034280: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 2c20 616e ed with care, an\n+00034290: 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c77 6179 730a d should always.\n+000342a0: 2020 2020 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 be used in \n+000342b0: 636f 6e63 6572 7420 7769 7468 2061 2077 concert with a w\n+000342c0: 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 6365 hitelist of acce\n+000342d0: 7074 6162 6c65 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 ptable variables\n+000342e0: 2077 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 whose. valu\n+000342f0: 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 6574 es should be set\n+00034300: 2e20 2046 6169 6c75 7265 2074 6f20 656d . Failure to em\n+00034310: 706c 6f79 2061 2063 6172 6566 756c 6c79 ploy a carefully\n+00034320: 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 0a20 2020 constructed. \n+00034330: 2020 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 636f 756c whitelist coul\n+00034340: 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 7265 6164 d result in read\n+00034350: 696e 6720 6120 6d61 6c69 6369 6f75 7320 ing a malicious \n+00034360: 7661 6c75 6520 696e 746f 2063 7269 7469 value into criti\n+00034370: 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e cal. environ\n+00034380: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 ment variables f\n+00034390: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 7375 rom the file, su\n+000343a0: 6368 2061 7320 7365 7474 696e 670a 2020 ch as setting. \n+000343b0: 2020 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e ...check_sign\n+000343c0: 6174 7572 6573 3d6e 6fe2 8099 2c20 6d6f atures=no..., mo\n+000343d0: 6469 6679 696e 6720 e280 9870 7265 6669 difying ...prefi\n+000343e0: 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f x... to boot fro\n+000343f0: 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6578 7065 m an. unexpe\n+00034400: 6374 6564 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f72 cted location or\n+00034410: 206e 6f74 2061 7420 616c 6c2c 2065 7463 not at all, etc\n+00034420: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2075 7365 ... When use\n+00034430: 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c 20e2 8098 d with care, ...\n+00034440: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 616e --skip-sig... an\n+00034450: 6420 7468 6520 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 d the whitelist \n+00034460: 656e 6162 6c65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 enable an. a\n+00034470: 646d 696e 6973 7472 6174 6f72 2074 6f20 dministrator to \n+00034480: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 6120 7379 7374 configure a syst\n+00034490: 656d 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 6e6c 7920 em to boot only \n+000344a0: 7369 676e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 signed. conf\n+000344b0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 igurations, but \n+000344c0: 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2075 7365 to allow the use\n+000344d0: 7220 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 6672 6f6d r to select from\n+000344e0: 2061 6d6f 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c 650a among multiple.\n+000344f0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 configurati\n+00034500: 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 656e 6162 ons, and to enab\n+00034510: 6c65 2022 6f6e 652d 7368 6f74 2220 626f le \"one-shot\" bo\n+00034520: 6f74 2061 7474 656d 7074 7320 616e 640a ot attempts and.\n+00034530: 2020 2020 2022 7361 7665 6465 6661 756c \"savedefaul\n+00034540: 7422 2062 6568 6176 696f 722e 2020 2a4e t\" behavior. *N\n+00034550: 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 ote Using digita\n+00034560: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 l signatures::, \n+00034570: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e for more. in\n+00034580: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n+00034590: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000345a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 Node: loadfont, \n+000345b0: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c Next: loopback,\n+000345c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 Prev: load_env\n+000345d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+000345e0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+000345f0: 2e34 2e34 3220 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 0a2d .4.42 loadfont.-\n+00034600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00034610: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f . -- Command: lo\n+00034620: 6164 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a adfont file ....\n+00034630: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7370 6563 6966 Load specif\n+00034640: 6965 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2e20 ied font files. \n+00034650: 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 6162 736f 6c75 7465 Unless absolute\n+00034660: 2070 6174 686e 616d 6520 6973 2067 6976 pathname is giv\n+00034670: 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 6973 en, FILE. is\n+00034680: 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2069 assumed to be i\n+00034690: 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9824 n directory ...$\n+000346a0: 7072 6566 6978 2f66 6f6e 7473 e280 9920 prefix/fonts... \n+000346b0: 7769 7468 2073 7566 6669 7820 e280 982e with suffix ....\n+000346c0: 7066 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 pf2.... appe\n+000346d0: 6e64 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e nded. *Note Fon\n+000346e0: 7473 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 ts: Theme file f\n+000346f0: 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ormat.....File: \n+00034700: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00034710: 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 : loopback, Nex\n+00034720: 743a 206c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f t: ls, Prev: lo\n+00034730: 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d adfont, Up: Com\n+00034740: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00034750: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3320 6c6f 6f70 ds..17.4.43 loop\n+00034760: 6261 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d back.-----------\n+00034770: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00034780: 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 205b 2d64 nd: loopback [-d\n+00034790: 5d20 5b2d 445d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 ] [-D] device fi\n+000347a0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2074 6865 le. Make the\n+000347b0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4445 device named DE\n+000347c0: 5649 4345 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 VICE correspond \n+000347d0: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 to the contents \n+000347e0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 of the. file\n+000347f0: 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 system image in \n+00034800: 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 FILE. For examp\n+00034810: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c le:.. l\n+00034820: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6c6f 6f70 3020 2f70 oopback loop0 /p\n+00034830: 6174 682f 746f 2f69 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 ath/to/image. \n+00034840: 2020 2020 2020 206c 7320 286c 6f6f 7030 ls (loop0\n+00034850: 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6679 )/.. Specify\n+00034860: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 44e2 8099 ing the ...-D...\n+00034870: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 option allows t\n+00034880: 6865 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6669 6c65 he loopback file\n+00034890: 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e to be. tran\n+000348a0: 7061 7265 6e74 6c79 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 parently decompr\n+000348b0: 6573 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2069 essed if there i\n+000348c0: 7320 616e 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 s an appropriate\n+000348d0: 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 720a 2020 decompressor. \n+000348e0: 2020 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 loaded... \n+000348f0: 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 64e2 With the ...-d.\n+00034900: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 .. option, delet\n+00034910: 6520 6120 6465 7669 6365 2070 7265 7669 e a device previ\n+00034920: 6f75 736c 7920 6372 6561 7465 6420 7573 ously created us\n+00034930: 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f ing this. co\n+00034940: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 mmand.....File: \n+00034950: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00034960: 3a20 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 7366 : ls, Next: lsf\n+00034970: 6f6e 7473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f6f onts, Prev: loo\n+00034980: 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d pback, Up: Comm\n+00034990: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+000349a0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3434 206c 730a 2d2d s..17.4.44 ls.--\n+000349b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+000349c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7320 5b61 7267 202e mmand: ls [arg .\n+000349d0: 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 ..]. List de\n+000349e0: 7669 6365 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6573 2e0a vices or files..\n+000349f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 . With no ar\n+00034a00: 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 guments, print a\n+00034a10: 6c6c 2064 6576 6963 6573 206b 6e6f 776e ll devices known\n+00034a20: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 to GRUB... \n+00034a30: 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 If the argument \n+00034a40: 6973 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 is a device name\n+00034a50: 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 696e 2070 6172 enclosed in par\n+00034a60: 656e 7468 6573 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a entheses (*note.\n+00034a70: 2020 2020 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 Device synt\n+00034a80: 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 7072 696e ax::), then prin\n+00034a90: 7420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 t the name of th\n+00034aa0: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206f 6620 e filesystem of \n+00034ab0: 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 that. device\n+00034ac0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 ... If the a\n+00034ad0: 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 6972 rgument is a dir\n+00034ae0: 6563 746f 7279 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 ectory given as \n+00034af0: 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 an absolute file\n+00034b00: 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 name. (*not\n+00034b10: 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 e File name synt\n+00034b20: 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 ax::), then list\n+00034b30: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+00034b40: 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 that. direc\n+00034b50: 746f 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tory.....File: g\n+00034b60: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00034b70: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 204e 6578 743a lsfonts, Next:\n+00034b80: 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c lsmod, Prev: l\n+00034b90: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d s, Up: Command-\n+00034ba0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00034bb0: 372e 342e 3435 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a2d 7.4.45 lsfonts.-\n+00034bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00034bd0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7366 -- Command: lsf\n+00034be0: 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206c onts. List l\n+00034bf0: 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732e 0a0a 1f0a oaded fonts.....\n+00034c00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00034c10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 Node: lsmod, \n+00034c20: 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2050 Next: md5sum, P\n+00034c30: 7265 763a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2055 rev: lsfonts, U\n+00034c40: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00034c50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n+00034c60: 3620 6c73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 lsmod.--------\n+00034c70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00034c80: 6e64 3a20 6c73 6d6f 640a 2020 2020 2053 nd: lsmod. S\n+00034c90: 686f 7720 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6c6f 6164 how list of load\n+00034ca0: 6564 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ed modules.....F\n+00034cb0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00034cc0: 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 Node: md5sum, \n+00034cd0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 Next: module, P\n+00034ce0: 7265 763a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a rev: lsmod, Up:\n+00034cf0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00034d00: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3720 mmands..17.4.47 \n+00034d10: 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d md5sum.---------\n+00034d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00034d30: 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2061 7267 202e nd: md5sum arg .\n+00034d40: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f ... Alias fo\n+00034d50: 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 r ...hashsum --h\n+00034d60: 6173 6820 6d64 3520 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 ash md5 arg ....\n+00034d70: 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ... See command\n+00034d80: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 ...hashsum.... \n+00034d90: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 (*note hashs\n+00034da0: 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 um::) for full d\n+00034db0: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 escription.....F\n+00034dc0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00034dd0: 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 Node: module, \n+00034de0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c Next: multiboot,\n+00034df0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 Prev: md5sum, \n+00034e00: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00034e10: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00034e20: 2e34 3820 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .48 module.-----\n+00034e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00034e40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b ommand: module [\n+00034e50: 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 696c 6520 --nounzip] file \n+00034e60: 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 [arguments]. \n+00034e70: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 Load a module f\n+00034e80: 6f72 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 or multiboot ker\n+00034e90: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 nel image. The \n+00034ea0: 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 rest of the line\n+00034eb0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 is. passed \n+00034ec0: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 verbatim as the \n+00034ed0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c module command l\n+00034ee0: 696e 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ine.....File: gr\n+00034ef0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00034f00: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 multiboot, Next\n+00034f10: 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2050 : nativedisk, P\n+00034f20: 7265 763a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5570 rev: module, Up\n+00034f30: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00034f40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3439 ommands..17.4.49\n+00034f50: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d multiboot.-----\n+00034f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00034f70: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 756c 7469 - Command: multi\n+00034f80: 626f 6f74 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 boot [--quirk-ba\n+00034f90: 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 d-kludge]. \n+00034fa0: 2020 2020 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 [--quirk-mod\n+00034fb0: 756c 6573 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 ules-after-kerne\n+00034fc0: 6c5d 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 l] file .... \n+00034fd0: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Load a multiboo\n+00034fe0: 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 t kernel image f\n+00034ff0: 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 rom FILE. The r\n+00035000: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 est of the line \n+00035010: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 is. passed v\n+00035020: 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 erbatim as the .\n+00035030: 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ..kernel command\n+00035040: 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206d -line.... Any m\n+00035050: 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 odule must be. \n+00035060: 2020 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 reloaded afte\n+00035070: 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d r using this com\n+00035080: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d6f 6475 mand (*note modu\n+00035090: 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d le::)... Som\n+000350a0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6861 7665 206b e kernels have k\n+000350b0: 6e6f 776e 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 nown problems. \n+000350c0: 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 You need to spec\n+000350d0: 6966 7920 2d71 7569 726b 2d2a 2066 6f72 ify -quirk-* for\n+000350e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6f73 652e 2020 2d71 . those. -q\n+000350f0: 7569 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 6520 uirk-bad-kludge \n+00035100: 6973 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2073 6565 is a problem see\n+00035110: 6e20 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2070 726f n in several pro\n+00035120: 6475 6374 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 ducts. that \n+00035130: 7468 6579 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206c 6f61 they include loa\n+00035140: 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 6467 6520 696e 666f ding kludge info\n+00035150: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2069 6e76 rmation with inv\n+00035160: 616c 6964 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 alid data in. \n+00035170: 2020 454c 4620 6669 6c65 2e20 2047 5255 ELF file. GRU\n+00035180: 4220 7072 696f 7220 746f 2030 2e39 3720 B prior to 0.97 \n+00035190: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 2063 7573 746f 6d20 and some custom \n+000351a0: 6275 696c 6473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 builds preferred\n+000351b0: 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d ELF. inform\n+000351c0: 6174 696f 6e20 7768 696c 6520 302e 3937 ation while 0.97\n+000351d0: 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 3220 7573 6520 and GRUB 2 use \n+000351e0: 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6869 kludge. Use thi\n+000351f0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 s option to. \n+00035200: 2069 676e 6f72 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 ignore kludge. \n+00035210: 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 6563 7465 6420 Known affected \n+00035220: 7379 7374 656d 733a 206f 6c64 2053 6f6c systems: old Sol\n+00035230: 6172 6973 2c20 536b 794f 532e 0a0a 2020 aris, SkyOS... \n+00035240: 2020 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 -quirk-module\n+00035250: 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 726e 656c 2069 s-after-kernel i\n+00035260: 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206b 6572 s needed for ker\n+00035270: 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 6368 206c 6f61 6420 nels which load \n+00035280: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c61 7469 7665 at. relative\n+00035290: 6c79 2068 6967 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 ly high address \n+000352a0: 652e 672e 2020 3136 4d69 4220 6d61 726b e.g. 16MiB mark\n+000352b0: 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2774 2063 6f70 6520 and can't cope \n+000352c0: 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 with. module\n+000352d0: 7320 7374 7566 6665 6420 6265 7477 6565 s stuffed betwee\n+000352e0: 6e20 314d 6942 206d 6172 6b20 616e 6420 n 1MiB mark and \n+000352f0: 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 beginning of the\n+00035300: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 4b6e kernel.. Kn\n+00035310: 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 6563 7465 6420 7379 own afftected sy\n+00035320: 7374 656d 733a 2056 4d57 6172 652e 0a0a stems: VMWare...\n+00035330: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00035340: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 o, Node: native\n+00035350: 6469 736b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 disk, Next: nor\n+00035360: 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d75 6c74 mal, Prev: mult\n+00035370: 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d iboot, Up: Comm\n+00035380: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00035390: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3530 206e 6174 6976 s..17.4.50 nativ\n+000353a0: 6564 6973 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d edisk.----------\n+000353b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+000353c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 mmand: nativedis\n+000353d0: 6b0a 2020 2020 2053 7769 7463 6820 6672 k. Switch fr\n+000353e0: 6f6d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6469 736b om firmware disk\n+000353f0: 2064 7269 7665 7273 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 drivers to nati\n+00035400: 7665 206f 6e65 732e 2020 5265 616c 6c79 ve ones. Really\n+00035410: 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c useful. onl\n+00035420: 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 y on platforms w\n+00035430: 6865 7265 2062 6f74 6820 6669 726d 7761 here both firmwa\n+00035440: 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 re and native di\n+00035450: 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 650a 2020 sk drives are. \n+00035460: 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2043 available. C\n+00035470: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 3338 362d 7063 urrently i386-pc\n+00035480: 2c20 6933 3836 2d65 6669 2c20 6933 3836 , i386-efi, i386\n+00035490: 2d69 6565 6531 3237 3520 616e 640a 2020 -ieee1275 and. \n+000354a0: 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 692e 0a0a x86_64-efi...\n+000354b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000354c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c o, Node: normal\n+000354d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f , Next: normal_\n+000354e0: 6578 6974 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6174 exit, Prev: nat\n+000354f0: 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ivedisk, Up: Co\n+00035500: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00035510: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3531 206e 6f72 nds..17.4.51 nor\n+00035520: 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mal.------------\n+00035530: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00035540: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 5b66 696c 655d 0a20 normal [file]. \n+00035550: 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c Enter normal\n+00035560: 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6469 7370 6c61 mode and displa\n+00035570: 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e y the GRUB menu.\n+00035580: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c .. In normal\n+00035590: 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c mode, commands,\n+000355a0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 filesystem modu\n+000355b0: 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2063 7279 7074 6f67 les, and cryptog\n+000355c0: 7261 7068 790a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c raphy. modul\n+000355d0: 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 es are automatic\n+000355e0: 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 642c 2061 6e64 ally loaded, and\n+000355f0: 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 4752 5542 2073 the full GRUB s\n+00035600: 6372 6970 7420 7061 7273 6572 0a20 2020 cript parser. \n+00035610: 2020 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 is available. \n+00035620: 204f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d Other modules m\n+00035630: 6179 2062 6520 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 ay be explicitly\n+00035640: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 loaded using. \n+00035650: 2020 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 ...insmod... \n+00035660: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 (*note insmod::)\n+00035670: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2046 494c ... If a FIL\n+00035680: 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e E is given, then\n+00035690: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 commands will b\n+000356a0: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6174 e read from that\n+000356b0: 2066 696c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 file.. Othe\n+000356c0: 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c rwise, they will\n+000356d0: 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 be read from ..\n+000356e0: 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 .$prefix/grub.cf\n+000356f0: 67e2 8099 2069 6620 6974 2065 7869 7374 g... if it exist\n+00035700: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d s... ...norm\n+00035710: 616c e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2063 616c al... may be cal\n+00035720: 6c65 6420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 led from within \n+00035730: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 7265 normal mode, cre\n+00035740: 6174 696e 6720 6120 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 ating a nested. \n+00035750: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e environment.\n+00035760: 2020 4974 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 It is more usu\n+00035770: 616c 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 9863 6f6e al to use ...con\n+00035780: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 figfile... (*not\n+00035790: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c e. configfil\n+000357a0: 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a e::) for this...\n+000357b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000357c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c o, Node: normal\n+000357d0: 5f65 7869 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 _exit, Next: pa\n+000357e0: 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e rttool, Prev: n\n+000357f0: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ormal, Up: Comm\n+00035800: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00035810: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3532 206e 6f72 6d61 s..17.4.52 norma\n+00035820: 6c5f 6578 6974 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l_exit.---------\n+00035830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00035840: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f Command: normal_\n+00035850: 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 4578 6974 206e exit. Exit n\n+00035860: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 ormal mode (*not\n+00035870: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 e normal::). If\n+00035880: 2074 6869 7320 696e 7374 616e 6365 206f this instance o\n+00035890: 6620 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2020 f normal mode. \n+000358a0: 2020 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206e 6573 7465 was not neste\n+000358b0: 6420 7769 7468 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 d within another\n+000358c0: 206f 6e65 2c20 7468 656e 2072 6574 7572 one, then retur\n+000358d0: 6e20 746f 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 n to rescue mode\n+000358e0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000358f0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 info, Node: par\n+00035900: 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 ttool, Next: pa\n+00035910: 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e ssword, Prev: n\n+00035920: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2055 703a ormal_exit, Up:\n+00035930: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00035940: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3320 mmands..17.4.53 \n+00035950: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d parttool.-------\n+00035960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00035970: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c ommand: parttool\n+00035980: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 partition comma\n+00035990: 6e64 730a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7661 nds. Make va\n+000359a0: 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 rious modificati\n+000359b0: 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ons to partition\n+000359c0: 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a table entries..\n+000359d0: 0a20 2020 2020 4561 6368 2043 4f4d 4d41 . Each COMMA\n+000359e0: 4e44 2069 7320 6569 7468 6572 2061 2062 ND is either a b\n+000359f0: 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 oolean option, i\n+00035a00: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 n which case it \n+00035a10: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c must be. fol\n+00035a20: 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2be2 lowed with ...+.\n+00035a30: 8099 206f 7220 e280 982d e280 9920 2877 .. or ...-... (w\n+00035a40: 6974 6820 6e6f 2069 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 ith no interveni\n+00035a50: 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2920 746f 2065 6e61 ng space) to ena\n+00035a60: 626c 6520 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 ble or. disa\n+00035a70: 626c 6520 7468 6174 206f 7074 696f 6e2c ble that option,\n+00035a80: 206f 7220 656c 7365 2069 7420 7461 6b65 or else it take\n+00035a90: 7320 6120 7661 6c75 6520 696e 2074 6865 s a value in the\n+00035aa0: 2066 6f72 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 434f form. ...CO\n+00035ab0: 4d4d 414e 443d 5641 4c55 45e2 8099 2e0a MMAND=VALUE.....\n+00035ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c . Currently,\n+00035ad0: 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c e280 9920 ...parttool... \n+00035ae0: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 206f is only useful o\n+00035af0: 6e20 444f 5320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 n DOS partition \n+00035b00: 7461 626c 6573 2028 616c 736f 0a20 2020 tables (also. \n+00035b10: 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6173 204d 6173 7465 known as Maste\n+00035b20: 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 642c 206f r Boot Record, o\n+00035b30: 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 4f6e 2074 6865 7365 r MBR). On these\n+00035b40: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n+00035b50: 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 666f 6c6c s,. the foll\n+00035b60: 6f77 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 owing commands a\n+00035b70: 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 re available:.. \n+00035b80: 2020 2020 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 ...boot... (\n+00035b90: 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 boolean). \n+00035ba0: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c When enabled,\n+00035bb0: 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 this makes the \n+00035bc0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 selected partiti\n+00035bd0: 6f6e 2062 6520 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 on be the active\n+00035be0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 626f 6f74 . (boot\n+00035bf0: 6162 6c65 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 able) partition \n+00035c00: 6f6e 2069 7473 2064 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 on its disk, cle\n+00035c10: 6172 696e 6720 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 aring the active\n+00035c20: 2066 6c61 6720 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 flag on. \n+00035c30: 2020 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2070 6172 all other par\n+00035c40: 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 titions. This c\n+00035c50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 ommand is limite\n+00035c60: 6420 746f 205f 7072 696d 6172 795f 0a20 d to _primary_. \n+00035c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 partiti\n+00035c80: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7479 ons... ...ty\n+00035c90: 7065 e280 9920 2876 616c 7565 290a 2020 pe... (value). \n+00035ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 Change t\n+00035cb0: 6865 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 he type of an ex\n+00035cc0: 6973 7469 6e67 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e isting partition\n+00035cd0: 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 206d 7573 . The value mus\n+00035ce0: 7420 6265 2061 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t be a. \n+00035cf0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 number in the r\n+00035d00: 616e 6765 2030 2d30 7846 4620 2870 7265 ange 0-0xFF (pre\n+00035d10: 6669 7820 7769 7468 20e2 8098 3078 e280 fix with ...0x..\n+00035d20: 9920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2069 7420 696e . to enter it in\n+00035d30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 . hexad\n+00035d40: 6563 696d 616c 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 ecimal)... .\n+00035d50: 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 2862 6f6f ..hidden... (boo\n+00035d60: 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lean). \n+00035d70: 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 7468 When enabled, th\n+00035d80: 6973 2068 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c is hides the sel\n+00035d90: 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ected partition \n+00035da0: 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 by setting the. \n+00035db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 809c 6869 6464 ...hidd\n+00035dc0: 656e e280 9d20 6269 7420 696e 2069 7473 en... bit in its\n+00035dd0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 partition type \n+00035de0: 636f 6465 3b20 7768 656e 2064 6973 6162 code; when disab\n+00035df0: 6c65 642c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 led,. u\n+00035e00: 6e68 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 nhides the selec\n+00035e10: 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 ted partition by\n+00035e20: 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 6973 2062 clearing this b\n+00035e30: 6974 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 it. This is. \n+00035e40: 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e useful on\n+00035e50: 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 ly when booting \n+00035e60: 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2061 DOS or Windows a\n+00035e70: 6e64 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7072 696d nd multiple prim\n+00035e80: 6172 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4641 ary. FA\n+00035e90: 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2065 7869 T partitions exi\n+00035ea0: 7374 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2e20 st in one disk. \n+00035eb0: 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a See also *note.\n+00035ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 444f 532f 5769 DOS/Wi\n+00035ed0: 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ndows::.....File\n+00035ee0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00035ef0: 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 204e de: password, N\n+00035f00: 6578 743a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 ext: password_pb\n+00035f10: 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6172 kdf2, Prev: par\n+00035f20: 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ttool, Up: Comm\n+00035f30: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00035f40: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3534 2070 6173 7377 s..17.4.54 passw\n+00035f50: 6f72 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ord.------------\n+00035f60: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00035f70: 643a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 d: password user\n+00035f80: 2063 6c65 6172 2d70 6173 7377 6f72 640a clear-password.\n+00035f90: 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 6120 7573 Define a us\n+00035fa0: 6572 206e 616d 6564 2055 5345 5220 7769 er named USER wi\n+00035fb0: 7468 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 434c 4541 th password CLEA\n+00035fc0: 522d 5041 5353 574f 5244 2e20 202a 4e6f R-PASSWORD. *No\n+00035fd0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6375 7269 7479 te. Security\n+00035fe0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+00035ff0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n+00036000: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 assword_pbkdf2, \n+00036010: 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e Next: plainmoun\n+00036020: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f t, Prev: passwo\n+00036030: 7264 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 rd, Up: Command\n+00036040: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00036050: 3137 2e34 2e35 3520 7061 7373 776f 7264 17.4.55 password\n+00036060: 5f70 626b 6466 320a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _pbkdf2.--------\n+00036070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00036080: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 . -- Command: pa\n+00036090: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 3220 7573 ssword_pbkdf2 us\n+000360a0: 6572 2068 6173 6865 642d 7061 7373 776f er hashed-passwo\n+000360b0: 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 rd. Define a\n+000360c0: 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 user named USER\n+000360d0: 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 with password h\n+000360e0: 6173 6820 4841 5348 4544 2d50 4153 5357 ash HASHED-PASSW\n+000360f0: 4f52 442e 2020 5573 650a 2020 2020 20e2 ORD. Use. .\n+00036100: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d ..grub-mkpasswd-\n+00036110: 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 pbkdf2... (*note\n+00036120: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00036130: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a kpasswd-pbkdf2::\n+00036140: 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6765 6e65 7261 ) to. genera\n+00036150: 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 te password hash\n+00036160: 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 es. *Note Secur\n+00036170: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ity::.....File: \n+00036180: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00036190: 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e : plainmount, N\n+000361a0: 6578 743a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 5072 6576 ext: play, Prev\n+000361b0: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 : password_pbkdf\n+000361c0: 322c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 2, Up: Command-\n+000361d0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+000361e0: 372e 342e 3536 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7.4.56 plainmoun\n+000361f0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+00036200: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00036210: 643a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 d: plainmount de\n+00036220: 7669 6365 202d 6320 6369 7068 6572 202d vice -c cipher -\n+00036230: 7320 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 205b 2d68 2068 s key size [-h h\n+00036240: 6173 685d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d53 ash]. [...-S\n+00036250: e280 9920 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 655d ... sector size]\n+00036260: 205b e280 982d 70e2 8099 2070 6173 7377 [...-p... passw\n+00036270: 6f72 645d 205b e280 982d 75e2 8099 2075 ord] [...-u... u\n+00036280: 7569 645d 205b 5be2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 uid] [[...-d... \n+00036290: 6b65 7966 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 keyfile]. [.\n+000362a0: 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c 6520 ..-O... keyfile \n+000362b0: 6f66 6673 6574 5d5d 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 offset]].. S\n+000362c0: 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2074 etup access to t\n+000362d0: 6865 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 he encrypted dev\n+000362e0: 6963 6520 696e 2070 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 ice in plain mod\n+000362f0: 652e 2020 4f66 6673 6574 206f 6620 7468 e. Offset of th\n+00036300: 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 e. encrypted\n+00036310: 2064 6174 6120 6174 2074 6865 2064 6576 data at the dev\n+00036320: 6963 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 ice is specified\n+00036330: 2069 6e20 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2035 3132 in terms of 512\n+00036340: 2062 7974 650a 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f byte. secto\n+00036350: 7273 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6c6f rs using the blo\n+00036360: 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e cklist syntax an\n+00036370: 6420 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2064 6576 6963 d loopback devic\n+00036380: 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c e. The. fol\n+00036390: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 lowing example s\n+000363a0: 686f 7773 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 hows how to spec\n+000363b0: 6966 7920 314d 6942 206f 6666 7365 743a ify 1MiB offset:\n+000363c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 .. loop\n+000363d0: 6261 636b 206e 6f64 6520 2868 6430 2c67 back node (hd0,g\n+000363e0: 7074 3129 3230 3438 2b0a 2020 2020 2020 pt1)2048+. \n+000363f0: 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 206e plainmount n\n+00036400: 6f64 6520 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ode ..... Th\n+00036410: 6520 e280 9870 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 74e2 e ...plainmount.\n+00036420: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 .. command can b\n+00036430: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6f70 656e 204c e used to open L\n+00036440: 554b 5320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 766f UKS encrypted vo\n+00036450: 6c75 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2069 7473 lume. if its\n+00036460: 206d 6173 7465 7220 6b65 7920 616e 6420 master key and \n+00036470: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2028 6b65 7920 parameters (key \n+00036480: 7369 7a65 2c20 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6f66 size, cipher, of\n+00036490: 6673 6574 2c20 6574 6329 0a20 2020 2020 fset, etc). \n+000364a0: 6172 6520 6b6e 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 are known... \n+000364b0: 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2077 There are two w\n+000364c0: 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 ays to specify a\n+000364d0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2061 206b 6579 password: a key\n+000364e0: 6669 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 2073 6563 7265 file and a secre\n+000364f0: 740a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 t. passphras\n+00036500: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 e. The keyfile \n+00036510: 7061 7468 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2068 path parameter h\n+00036520: 6173 2068 6967 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 as higher priori\n+00036530: 7479 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ty than. the\n+00036540: 2073 6563 7265 7420 7061 7373 7068 7261 secret passphra\n+00036550: 7365 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2061 6e64 se parameter and\n+00036560: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 is specified wi\n+00036570: 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 th the option. \n+00036580: 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 992e 2020 5061 ...-d.... Pa\n+00036590: 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 6f62 7461 ssword data obta\n+000365a0: 696e 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6b65 7966 696c ined from keyfil\n+000365b0: 6573 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7368 6564 es is not hashed\n+000365c0: 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 and is. use\n+000365d0: 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7320 6120 d directly as a \n+000365e0: 6369 7068 6572 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 cipher key. An \n+000365f0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 6666 7365 7420 optional offset \n+00036600: 6f66 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 of password data\n+00036610: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 206b 6579 . in the key\n+00036620: 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 file can be spec\n+00036630: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f ified with the o\n+00036640: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206f ption ...-O... o\n+00036650: 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 r directly. \n+00036660: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 with the option \n+00036670: e280 982d 64e2 8099 2061 6e64 2047 5255 ...-d... and GRU\n+00036680: 4220 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 B blocklist synt\n+00036690: 6178 2c20 6966 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 ax, if the keyfi\n+000366a0: 6c65 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2063 616e le data. can\n+000366b0: 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6564 2066 726f be accessed fro\n+000366c0: 6d20 6120 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2069 m a device and i\n+000366d0: 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 2061 6c69 676e s 512 byte align\n+000366e0: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f ed. The. fo\n+000366f0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 llowing example \n+00036700: 7368 6f77 7320 626f 7468 206d 6574 686f shows both metho\n+00036710: 6473 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7061 ds to specify pa\n+00036720: 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 ssword data in. \n+00036730: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 the keyfile \n+00036740: 6174 206f 6666 7365 7420 314d 6942 3a0a at offset 1MiB:.\n+00036750: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e . plain\n+00036760: 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 mount -d (hd0,gp\n+00036770: 7431 2932 3034 382b 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 t1)2048+ .... \n+00036780: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e plainmoun\n+00036790: 7420 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 292b t -d (hd0,gpt1)+\n+000367a0: 202d 4f20 3130 3438 3537 3620 2e2e 2e0a -O 1048576 ....\n+000367b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 . If no keyf\n+000367c0: 696c 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 ile is specified\n+000367d0: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f then the passwo\n+000367e0: 7264 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 rd is set to the\n+000367f0: 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2073 7065 string. spe\n+00036800: 6369 6669 6564 2062 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e cified by option\n+00036810: 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6f72 2069 7320 ...-p... or is \n+00036820: 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 696e 7465 7261 requested intera\n+00036830: 6374 6976 656c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 ctively from the\n+00036840: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 . console. \n+00036850: 496e 2062 6f74 6820 6361 7365 7320 7468 In both cases th\n+00036860: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2070 6173 7377 e provided passw\n+00036870: 6f72 6420 6973 2068 6173 6865 6420 7769 ord is hashed wi\n+00036880: 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 616c 676f th the. algo\n+00036890: 7269 7468 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 rithm specified \n+000368a0: 6279 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 by the option ..\n+000368b0: 982d 68e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 .-h.... This op\n+000368c0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 tion is mandator\n+000368d0: 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 y. if no key\n+000368e0: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 file is specifie\n+000368f0: 642c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 d, but it can be\n+00036900: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9870 6c61 696e set to ...plain\n+00036910: e280 9920 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 206d ... which. m\n+00036920: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6e6f 2068 6173 eans that no has\n+00036930: 6869 6e67 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2061 6e64 hing is done and\n+00036940: 2073 7563 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 such password i\n+00036950: 7320 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 s used directly \n+00036960: 6173 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6b65 792e 0a0a as. a key...\n+00036970: 2020 2020 2043 6970 6865 7220 e280 982d Cipher ...-\n+00036980: 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 206b 6579 7369 7a65 c... and keysize\n+00036990: 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-s... option\n+000369a0: 7320 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 6369 s specify the ci\n+000369b0: 7068 6572 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 0a20 pher algorithm. \n+000369c0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 6b65 7920 and the key \n+000369d0: 7369 7a65 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c size respectivel\n+000369e0: 7920 616e 6420 6172 6520 6d61 6e64 6174 y and are mandat\n+000369f0: 6f72 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4369 ory options. Ci\n+00036a00: 7068 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 7374 2062 pher. must b\n+00036a10: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 e specified with\n+00036a20: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7061 7261 the mode separa\n+00036a30: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2064 6173 6820 2866 ted by a dash (f\n+00036a40: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 or example,. \n+00036a50: 20e2 8098 6165 732d 7874 732d 706c 6169 ...aes-xts-plai\n+00036a60: 6e36 34e2 8099 292e 2020 4b65 7920 7369 n64...). Key si\n+00036a70: 7a65 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 73e2 ze option ...-s.\n+00036a80: 8099 2069 7320 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 .. is the key si\n+00036a90: 7a65 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 ze of the. c\n+00036aa0: 6970 6865 7220 696e 2062 6974 732c 206e ipher in bits, n\n+00036ab0: 6f74 2074 6f20 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 ot to be confuse\n+00036ac0: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 d with the offse\n+00036ad0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6579 2064 6174 t of the key dat\n+00036ae0: 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6120 6b65 7966 a. in a keyf\n+00036af0: 696c 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 ile specified wi\n+00036b00: 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 th the ...-O... \n+00036b10: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6d75 7374 option. It must\n+00036b20: 206e 6f74 2065 7863 6565 640a 2020 2020 not exceed. \n+00036b30: 2031 3032 3420 6269 7473 2c20 736f 2061 1024 bits, so a\n+00036b40: 2033 3220 6279 7465 206b 6579 2077 6f75 32 byte key wou\n+00036b50: 6c64 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 ld be specified \n+00036b60: 6173 2032 3536 2062 6974 730a 0a20 2020 as 256 bits.. \n+00036b70: 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 The optional p\n+00036b80: 6172 616d 6574 6572 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 arameter ...-S..\n+00036b90: 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 656e 6372 . specifies encr\n+00036ba0: 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2073 6563 ypted device sec\n+00036bb0: 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 tor size.. I\n+00036bc0: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6174 206c 6561 t must be at lea\n+00036bd0: 7374 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 206c 6f6e st 512 bytes lon\n+00036be0: 6720 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2076 616c 7565 g (default value\n+00036bf0: 2920 616e 6420 6120 706f 7765 7220 6f66 ) and a power of\n+00036c00: 0a20 2020 2020 322e 2020 2831 2920 2028 . 2. (1) (\n+00036c10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 *note plainmount\n+00036c20: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 -Footnote-1::). \n+00036c30: 2044 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a Disk sector siz\n+00036c40: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 e is. config\n+00036c50: 7572 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6372 6561 7469 ured when creati\n+00036c60: 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 ng the encrypted\n+00036c70: 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4174 7465 6d70 volume. Attemp\n+00036c80: 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2064 6563 ting to. dec\n+00036c90: 7279 7074 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2077 6974 rypt volumes wit\n+00036ca0: 6820 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7365 h a different se\n+00036cb0: 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 7468 616e 2069 ctor size than i\n+00036cc0: 7420 7761 7320 6372 6561 7465 640a 2020 t was created. \n+00036cd0: 2020 2077 6974 6820 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 with will not\n+00036ce0: 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e 2061 6e20 6572 result in an er\n+00036cf0: 726f 722c 2062 7574 2077 696c 6c20 6465 ror, but will de\n+00036d00: 6372 7970 7420 746f 2072 616e 646f 6d20 crypt to random \n+00036d10: 6279 7465 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 bytes. and t\n+00036d20: 6875 7320 7072 6576 656e 7420 6163 6365 hus prevent acce\n+00036d30: 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 766f 6c75 6d65 ssing the volume\n+00036d40: 2028 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 (in some cases \n+00036d50: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 the filesystem. \n+00036d60: 2020 2020 6472 6976 6572 2063 616e 2064 driver can d\n+00036d70: 6574 6563 7420 7468 6520 7072 6573 656e etect the presen\n+00036d80: 6365 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ce of a filesyst\n+00036d90: 656d 2c20 6275 7420 6e65 7665 7274 6865 em, but neverthe\n+00036da0: 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 less. will r\n+00036db0: 6566 7573 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 efuse to mount i\n+00036dc0: 7429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 t)... By def\n+00036dd0: 6175 6c74 206e 6577 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f ault new plainmo\n+00036de0: 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 6c6c unt devices will\n+00036df0: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 5555 4944 be given a UUID\n+00036e00: 2073 7461 7274 696e 670a 2020 2020 2077 starting. w\n+00036e10: 6974 6820 2731 3039 6665 6138 342d 6136 ith '109fea84-a6\n+00036e20: 6237 2d33 3461 382d 3462 6431 2d31 6335 b7-34a8-4bd1-1c5\n+00036e30: 3036 3330 3561 3430 3127 2077 6865 7265 06305a401' where\n+00036e40: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 6469 6769 7473 the last digits\n+00036e50: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 696e 6372 656d . are increm\n+00036e60: 656e 7465 6420 6279 206f 6e65 2066 6f72 ented by one for\n+00036e70: 2065 6163 6820 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 each plainmount\n+00036e80: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 6265 796f 6e64 ed device beyond\n+00036e90: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 the. first \n+00036ea0: 7570 2074 6f20 325e 3130 2064 6576 6963 up to 2^10 devic\n+00036eb0: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6c20 656e es... All en\n+00036ec0: 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e cryption argumen\n+00036ed0: 7473 2028 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6861 7368 ts (cipher, hash\n+00036ee0: 2c20 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6469 736b , key size, disk\n+00036ef0: 206f 6666 7365 7420 616e 640a 2020 2020 offset and. \n+00036f00: 2064 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a disk sector siz\n+00036f10: 6529 206d 7573 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 e) must match th\n+00036f20: 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2075 7365 e parameters use\n+00036f30: 6420 746f 2063 7265 6174 6520 7468 650a d to create the.\n+00036f40: 2020 2020 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4966 volume. If\n+00036f50: 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 656d 2064 6f65 any of them doe\n+00036f60: 7320 6e6f 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 s not match the \n+00036f70: 6163 7475 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 actual arguments\n+00036f80: 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e used. durin\n+00036f90: 6720 7468 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c20 656e g the initial en\n+00036fa0: 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2c20 706c 6169 6e6d cryption, plainm\n+00036fb0: 6f75 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 ount will create\n+00036fc0: 2076 6972 7475 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 virtual. de\n+00036fd0: 7669 6365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6761 vice with the ga\n+00036fe0: 7262 6167 6520 6461 7461 2061 6e64 2047 rbage data and G\n+00036ff0: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6f72 7420 RUB will report \n+00037000: 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2066 696c unknown. fil\n+00037010: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 666f 7220 7375 6368 esystem for such\n+00037020: 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 device.....File\n+00037030: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00037040: 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 de: plainmount-F\n+00037050: 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2070 ootnotes, Up: p\n+00037060: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 0a20 2020 2831 lainmount.. (1\n+00037070: 2920 4375 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d ) Current implem\n+00037080: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6372 7970 entation of cryp\n+00037090: 7473 6574 7570 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 tsetup supports \n+000370a0: 6f6e 6c79 0a35 3132 2f31 3032 342f 3230 only.512/1024/20\n+000370b0: 3438 2f34 3039 3620 6279 7465 2073 6563 48/4096 byte sec\n+000370c0: 746f 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 tors....File: gr\n+000370d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000370e0: 706c 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 726f play, Next: pro\n+000370f0: 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6c61 696e be, Prev: plain\n+00037100: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d mount, Up: Comm\n+00037110: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00037120: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3537 2070 6c61 790a s..17.4.57 play.\n+00037130: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00037140: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 7920 - Command: play \n+00037150: 6669 6c65 207c 2074 656d 706f 205b 7069 file | tempo [pi\n+00037160: 7463 6831 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 tch1 duration1] \n+00037170: 5b70 6974 6368 3220 6475 7261 7469 6f6e [pitch2 duration\n+00037180: 325d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6179 2] .... Play\n+00037190: 7320 6120 7475 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 s a tune.. I\n+000371a0: 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 f the argument i\n+000371b0: 7320 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a s a file name (*\n+000371c0: 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 note File name s\n+000371d0: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 706c 6179 2074 yntax::), play t\n+000371e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7475 6e65 2072 6563 he. tune rec\n+000371f0: 6f72 6465 6420 696e 2069 742e 2020 5468 orded in it. Th\n+00037200: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 e file format is\n+00037210: 2066 6972 7374 2074 6865 2074 656d 706f first the tempo\n+00037220: 2061 7320 616e 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7369 as an. unsi\n+00037230: 676e 6564 2033 3262 6974 206c 6974 746c gned 32bit littl\n+00037240: 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 722c e-endian number,\n+00037250: 2074 6865 6e20 7061 6972 7320 6f66 2075 then pairs of u\n+00037260: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 3136 6269 740a 2020 nsigned 16bit. \n+00037270: 2020 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e little-endian\n+00037280: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2066 6f72 2070 6974 numbers for pit\n+00037290: 6368 2061 6e64 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e20 ch and duration \n+000372a0: 7061 6972 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 pairs... If \n+000372b0: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 the arguments ar\n+000372c0: 6520 6120 7365 7269 6573 206f 6620 6e75 e a series of nu\n+000372d0: 6d62 6572 732c 2070 6c61 7920 7468 6520 mbers, play the \n+000372e0: 696e 6c69 6e65 2074 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 inline tune... \n+000372f0: 2020 2054 6865 2074 656d 706f 2069 7320 The tempo is \n+00037300: 7468 6520 6261 7365 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c the base for all\n+00037310: 206e 6f74 6520 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 732e note durations.\n+00037320: 2020 3630 2067 6976 6573 2061 2031 2d73 60 gives a 1-s\n+00037330: 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2062 6173 652c econd. base,\n+00037340: 2031 3230 2067 6976 6573 2061 2068 616c 120 gives a hal\n+00037350: 662d 7365 636f 6e64 2062 6173 652c 2065 f-second base, e\n+00037360: 7463 2e20 2050 6974 6368 6573 2061 7265 tc. Pitches are\n+00037370: 2048 7a2e 2020 5365 740a 2020 2020 2070 Hz. Set. p\n+00037380: 6974 6368 2074 6f20 3020 746f 2070 726f itch to 0 to pro\n+00037390: 6475 6365 2061 2072 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a duce a rest.....\n+000373a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000373b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 Node: probe, \n+000373c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5072 Next: rdmsr, Pr\n+000373d0: 6576 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: play, Up: C\n+000373e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+000373f0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3820 7072 ands..17.4.58 pr\n+00037400: 6f62 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d obe.------------\n+00037410: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00037420: 7072 6f62 6520 5b2d 2d73 6574 2076 6172 probe [--set var\n+00037430: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6472 ]. --dr\n+00037440: 6976 6572 7c2d 2d70 6172 746d 6170 7c2d iver|--partmap|-\n+00037450: 2d66 737c 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 647c 2d2d -fs|--fs-uuid|--\n+00037460: 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 label|--part-uui\n+00037470: 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5265 d device. Re\n+00037480: 7472 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e trieve device in\n+00037490: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206f formation. If o\n+000374a0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 ption ...--set..\n+000374b0: 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6173 7369 . is given, assi\n+000374c0: 676e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7375 6c74 2074 gn. result t\n+000374d0: 6f20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2c20 o variable VAR, \n+000374e0: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 7072 696e 7420 otherwise print \n+000374f0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 information on t\n+00037500: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 he screen... \n+00037510: 2054 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d The option ...-\n+00037520: 2d70 6172 742d 7575 6964 e280 9920 6973 -part-uuid... is\n+00037530: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 currently only \n+00037540: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 666f 7220 implemented for \n+00037550: 4d53 444f 530a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2047 MSDOS. and G\n+00037560: 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 6973 PT formatted dis\n+00037570: 6b73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ks.....File: gru\n+00037580: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 b.info, Node: r\n+00037590: 646d 7372 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6561 dmsr, Next: rea\n+000375a0: 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 6f62 652c d, Prev: probe,\n+000375b0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+000375c0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+000375d0: 342e 3539 2072 646d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.59 rdmsr.-----\n+000375e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+000375f0: 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7264 6d73 7220 3078 mmand:: rdmsr 0x\n+00037600: 4144 4452 205b 2d76 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 ADDR [-v VARNAME\n+00037610: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6d6f ]. Read a mo\n+00037620: 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 del-specific reg\n+00037630: 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 ister at address\n+00037640: 2030 7841 4444 522e 2049 6620 7468 6520 0xADDR. If the \n+00037650: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 720a 2020 2020 20e2 parameter. .\n+00037660: 8098 2d76 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6420 ..-v... is used \n+00037670: 616e 6420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 and an environme\n+00037680: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 524e nt variable VARN\n+00037690: 414d 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 AME is given, se\n+000376a0: 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 t that. envi\n+000376b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+000376c0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 to the value th\n+000376d0: 6174 2077 6173 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 at was read... \n+000376e0: 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 Please note t\n+000376f0: 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 hat on SMP syste\n+00037700: 6d73 2c20 7265 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d ms, reading from\n+00037710: 2061 204d 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 a MSR that has \n+00037720: 610a 2020 2020 2073 636f 7065 2070 6572 a. scope per\n+00037730: 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 hardware thread\n+00037740: 2c20 696d 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 , implies that t\n+00037750: 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 he value that is\n+00037760: 2072 6574 7572 6e65 640a 2020 2020 206f returned. o\n+00037770: 6e6c 7920 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 nly applies to t\n+00037780: 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 he particular cp\n+00037790: 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 u/core/thread th\n+000377a0: 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 at runs the. \n+000377b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 command... \n+000377c0: 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 Also, if you spe\n+000377d0: 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 cify a reserved \n+000377e0: 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 or unimplemented\n+000377f0: 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 MSR address, it\n+00037800: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 . will cause\n+00037810: 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 a general prote\n+00037820: 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 ction exception \n+00037830: 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 (which is not cu\n+00037840: 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 rrently. bei\n+00037850: 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 ng handled) and \n+00037860: 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 the system will \n+00037870: 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a reboot.....File:\n+00037880: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00037890: 653a 2072 6561 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: read, Next: \n+000378a0: 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 reboot, Prev: r\n+000378b0: 646d 7372 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 dmsr, Up: Comma\n+000378c0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+000378d0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3020 7265 6164 0a2d ..17.4.60 read.-\n+000378e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+000378f0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6164 205b Command: read [\n+00037900: 2d73 5d20 5b76 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 -s] [var]. R\n+00037910: 6561 6420 6120 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e ead a line of in\n+00037920: 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2075 7365 put from the use\n+00037930: 722e 2020 4966 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f r. If an enviro\n+00037940: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 nment variable V\n+00037950: 4152 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e AR. is given\n+00037960: 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 2065 6e76 6972 , set that envir\n+00037970: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+00037980: 746f 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 to the line of i\n+00037990: 6e70 7574 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2077 nput that. w\n+000379a0: 6173 2072 6561 642c 2077 6974 6820 6e6f as read, with no\n+000379b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 206e 6577 terminating new\n+000379c0: 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 line. If the pa\n+000379d0: 7261 6d65 7465 7220 e280 982d 73e2 8099 rameter ...-s...\n+000379e0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 642c 2065 is. used, e\n+000379f0: 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6c65 6e74 206d 6f64 nable silent mod\n+00037a00: 6520 7768 6572 6520 696e 7075 7420 6973 e where input is\n+00037a10: 206e 6f74 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 not printed to \n+00037a20: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 the. termina\n+00037a30: 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 l.....File: grub\n+00037a40: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 .info, Node: re\n+00037a50: 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6567 boot, Next: reg\n+00037a60: 6578 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6164 exp, Prev: read\n+00037a70: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00037a80: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00037a90: 2e34 2e36 3120 7265 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d .4.61 reboot.---\n+00037aa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00037ab0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 Command: reboot\n+00037ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2074 6865 . Reboot the\n+00037ad0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 computer.....Fi\n+00037ae0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00037af0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 204e Node: regexp, N\n+00037b00: 6578 743a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 ext: rmmod, Pre\n+00037b10: 763a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 v: reboot, Up: \n+00037b20: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00037b30: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3632 2072 mands..17.4.62 r\n+00037b40: 6567 6578 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d egexp.----------\n+00037b50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00037b60: 643a 2072 6567 6578 7020 5b2d 2d73 6574 d: regexp [--set\n+00037b70: 205b 6e75 6d62 6572 3a5d 7661 725d 2072 [number:]var] r\n+00037b80: 6567 6578 7020 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 egexp string. \n+00037b90: 2020 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 Test if regula\n+00037ba0: 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2052 4547 r expression REG\n+00037bb0: 4558 5020 6d61 7463 6865 7320 5354 5249 EXP matches STRI\n+00037bc0: 4e47 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 0a20 NG. Supported. \n+00037bd0: 2020 2020 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 regular expr\n+00037be0: 6573 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 504f 5349 essions are POSI\n+00037bf0: 582e 3220 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2052 6567 X.2 Extended Reg\n+00037c00: 756c 6172 2045 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 ular Expressions\n+00037c10: 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f . If. optio\n+00037c20: 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 n ...--set... is\n+00037c30: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7374 6f72 6520 4e55 given, store NU\n+00037c40: 4d42 4552 7468 206d 6174 6368 6564 2073 MBERth matched s\n+00037c50: 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2069 6e0a ubexpression in.\n+00037c60: 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 variable VA\n+00037c70: 522e 2020 5375 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f R. Subexpressio\n+00037c80: 6e73 2061 7265 206e 756d 6265 7265 6420 ns are numbered \n+00037c90: 696e 206f 7264 6572 206f 6620 7468 6569 in order of thei\n+00037ca0: 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2070 r. opening p\n+00037cb0: 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 2073 7461 7274 arentheses start\n+00037cc0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 ing from ...1...\n+00037cd0: 2e20 204e 554d 4245 5220 6465 6661 756c . NUMBER defaul\n+00037ce0: 7473 2074 6f20 e280 9831 e280 992e 0a0a ts to ...1......\n+00037cf0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00037d00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c o, Node: rmmod,\n+00037d10: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 Next: save_env\n+00037d20: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6567 6578 702c , Prev: regexp,\n+00037d30: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00037d40: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00037d50: 342e 3633 2072 6d6d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.63 rmmod.-----\n+00037d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00037d70: 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 mmand: rmmod mod\n+00037d80: 756c 650a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 ule. Remove \n+00037d90: 6120 6c6f 6164 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e a loaded MODULE.\n+00037da0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00037db0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 7665 nfo, Node: save\n+00037dc0: 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6561 _env, Next: sea\n+00037dd0: 7263 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f rch, Prev: rmmo\n+00037de0: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d d, Up: Command-\n+00037df0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00037e00: 372e 342e 3634 2073 6176 655f 656e 760a 7.4.64 save_env.\n+00037e10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00037e20: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n+00037e30: 6176 655f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 ave_env [--file \n+00037e40: 6669 6c65 5d20 7661 7220 2e2e 2e0a 2020 file] var .... \n+00037e50: 2020 2053 6176 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 Save the name\n+00037e60: 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d d variables from\n+00037e70: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n+00037e80: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d to the environm\n+00037e90: 656e 740a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 ent. block f\n+00037ea0: 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 ile. *Note Envi\n+00037eb0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e ronment block::.\n+00037ec0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d .. The ...--\n+00037ed0: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f file... option o\n+00037ee0: 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 verrides the def\n+00037ef0: 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 ault location of\n+00037f00: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f the. enviro\n+00037f10: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 nment block... \n+00037f20: 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 This command \n+00037f30: 7769 6c6c 206f 7065 7261 7465 2073 7563 will operate suc\n+00037f40: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6576 656e 2077 cessfully even w\n+00037f50: 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a hen environment.\n+00037f60: 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 variable ..\n+00037f70: 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 .check_signature\n+00037f80: 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 s... is set to .\n+00037f90: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e ..enforce... (*n\n+00037fa0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6865 636b 5f73 ote. check_s\n+00037fb0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 7369 ignatures::), si\n+00037fc0: 6e63 6520 6974 2077 7269 7465 7320 746f nce it writes to\n+00037fd0: 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 646f 6573 206e disk and does n\n+00037fe0: 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ot alter the. \n+00037ff0: 2020 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 4752 behavior of GR\n+00038000: 5542 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 616e 7920 UB based on any \n+00038010: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6469 736b contents of disk\n+00038020: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 6565 6e20 that have been \n+00038030: 7265 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6973 read.. It is\n+00038040: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 206d 6f64 possible to mod\n+00038050: 6966 7920 6120 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 ify a digitally \n+00038060: 7369 676e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 signed environme\n+00038070: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 650a 2020 nt block file. \n+00038080: 2020 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2047 from within G\n+00038090: 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 RUB using this c\n+000380a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 2074 6861 ommand, such tha\n+000380b0: 7420 6974 7320 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 t its signature \n+000380c0: 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 206c 6f6e will. no lon\n+000380d0: 6765 7220 6265 2076 616c 6964 206f 6e20 ger be valid on \n+000380e0: 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 2062 6f6f 7473 subsequent boots\n+000380f0: 2e20 2043 6172 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 . Care should b\n+00038100: 6520 7461 6b65 6e20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e taken in. \n+00038110: 7375 6368 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 636f such advanced co\n+00038120: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 nfigurations to \n+00038130: 6176 6f69 6420 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 avoid rendering \n+00038140: 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 the system. \n+00038150: 756e 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f unbootable. *No\n+00038160: 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c te Using digital\n+00038170: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 signatures::, f\n+00038180: 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 or more. inf\n+00038190: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n+000381a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000381b0: 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 4e65 ode: search, Ne\n+000381c0: 7874 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5072 xt: sendkey, Pr\n+000381d0: 6576 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 ev: save_env, U\n+000381e0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+000381f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n+00038200: 3520 7365 6172 6368 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 5 search.-------\n+00038210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00038220: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 6172 6368 205b 2d2d mand: search [--\n+00038230: 6669 6c65 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 file|--label|--f\n+00038240: 732d 7575 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b s-uuid] [--set [\n+00038250: 7661 725d 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 var]]. \n+00038260: 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 7c2d 2d65 [--no-floppy|--e\n+00038270: 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 795d 206e 616d fidisk-only] nam\n+00038280: 650a 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 e. Search de\n+00038290: 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c 6520 28e2 vices by file (.\n+000382a0: 8098 2d66 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 ..-f..., ...--fi\n+000382b0: 6c65 e280 9929 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 le...), filesyst\n+000382c0: 656d 206c 6162 656c 2028 e280 982d 6ce2 em label (...-l.\n+000382d0: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c61 ..,. ...--la\n+000382e0: 6265 6ce2 8099 292c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 bel...), or file\n+000382f0: 7379 7374 656d 2055 5549 4420 28e2 8098 system UUID (...\n+00038300: 2d75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6673 2d75 -u..., ...--fs-u\n+00038310: 7569 64e2 8099 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 uid...)... I\n+00038320: 6620 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d73 e280 992c f the (...-s...,\n+00038330: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 ...--set...) op\n+00038340: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 tion is used, th\n+00038350: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6465 7669 6365 2066 e first device f\n+00038360: 6f75 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 ound is. set\n+00038370: 2061 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 as the value of\n+00038380: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00038390: 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5468 6520 iable VAR. The \n+000383a0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 default variable\n+000383b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 . is ...root\n+000383c0: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 ...... The (\n+000383d0: e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d6e ...-n..., ...--n\n+000383e0: 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 e280 9929 206f 7074 o-floppy...) opt\n+000383f0: 696f 6e20 7072 6576 656e 7473 2073 6561 ion prevents sea\n+00038400: 7263 6869 6e67 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 rching floppy de\n+00038410: 7669 6365 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 vices,. whic\n+00038420: 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a h can be slow...\n+00038430: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d 2d65 The (...--e\n+00038440: 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 79e2 8099 2920 fidisk-only...) \n+00038450: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 option prevents \n+00038460: 7365 6172 6368 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f74 searching any ot\n+00038470: 6865 7220 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 her devices. \n+00038480: 2074 6865 6e20 4546 4920 6469 736b 732e then EFI disks.\n+00038490: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 This is typica\n+000384a0: 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6368 lly used when ch\n+000384b0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f ainloading to lo\n+000384c0: 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2045 4649 2070 6172 cal. EFI par\n+000384d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 tition... Th\n+000384e0: 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e 6669 6c65 e ...search.file\n+000384f0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 ..., ...search.f\n+00038500: 735f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 s_label..., and \n+00038510: e280 9873 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 ...search.fs_uui\n+00038520: 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 d... commands. \n+00038530: 2020 2061 7265 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2066 are aliases f\n+00038540: 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d66 or ...search --f\n+00038550: 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 ile..., ...searc\n+00038560: 6820 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e h --label..., an\n+00038570: 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 680a 2020 2020 d ...search. \n+00038580: 202d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 e280 9920 7265 --fs-uuid... re\n+00038590: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 spectively... \n+000385a0: 2020 416c 736f 2068 696e 7473 2061 7320 Also hints as \n+000385b0: 746f 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 6963 6520 to which device \n+000385c0: 6d61 7920 6265 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 may be the most \n+000385d0: 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 likely to contai\n+000385e0: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 n the. item \n+000385f0: 7365 6172 6368 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6179 searched for may\n+00038600: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 be given via th\n+00038610: 6520 28e2 8098 2d68 e280 992c 20e2 8098 e (...-h..., ...\n+00038620: 2d2d 6869 6e74 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f --hint...) optio\n+00038630: 6e20 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6465 n with. a de\n+00038640: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6173 2061 6e20 vice name as an \n+00038650: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 7468 argument. If th\n+00038660: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2065 6e64 7320 e argument ends \n+00038670: 7769 7468 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 2c0a 2020 with a comma,. \n+00038680: 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f then partitio\n+00038690: 6e73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 ns on the device\n+000386a0: 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 6172 6368 are also search\n+000386b0: 6564 2e20 2046 7572 7468 6572 6d6f 7265 ed. Furthermore\n+000386c0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 ,. platform \n+000386d0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2068 696e 7473 206d specific hints m\n+000386e0: 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 ay be given via \n+000386f0: 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 the options. \n+00038700: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d69 6565 6531 ...--hint-ieee1\n+00038710: 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 275..., ...--hin\n+00038720: 742d 6269 6f73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d t-bios..., ...--\n+00038730: 6869 6e74 2d62 6172 656d 6574 616c e280 hint-baremetal..\n+00038740: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d65 6669 ., ...--hint-efi\n+00038750: e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 ...,. and ..\n+00038760: 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6172 63e2 8099 2e20 .--hint-arc.... \n+00038770: 2057 6865 6e20 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c When specified,\n+00038780: 2074 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 these options t\n+00038790: 616b 6520 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 740a ake an argument.\n+000387a0: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f 7065 7261 7465 and operate\n+000387b0: 206c 696b 6520 e280 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 like ...--hint.\n+000387c0: 8099 2c20 6275 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 .., but only on \n+000387d0: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 706c the specified pl\n+000387e0: 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a atform.....File:\n+000387f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00038800: 653a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 204e 6578 e: sendkey, Nex\n+00038810: 743a 2073 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 t: set, Prev: s\n+00038820: 6561 7263 682c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d earch, Up: Comm\n+00038830: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00038840: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3636 2073 656e 646b s..17.4.66 sendk\n+00038850: 6579 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ey.-------------\n+00038860: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00038870: 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n+00038880: 2020 205b 2d2d 6e75 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 [--num|--caps\n+00038890: 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 |--scroll|--inse\n+000388a0: 7274 7c2d 2d70 6175 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 rt|--pause|--lef\n+000388b0: 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d t-shift|--right-\n+000388c0: 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7379 7372 717c 2d2d shift|--sysrq|--\n+000388d0: 6e75 6d6b 6579 7c2d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 numkey|--capskey\n+000388e0: 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 |--scrollkey|--i\n+000388f0: 6e73 6572 746b 6579 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d nsertkey|--left-\n+00038900: 616c 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 616c 747c alt|--right-alt|\n+00038910: 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d63 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 --left-ctrl|--ri\n+00038920: 6768 742d 6374 726c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ght-ctrl. \n+00038930: 2020 206f 6e7c 6f66 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e on|off]... [n\n+00038940: 6f2d 6c65 645d 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 o-led] keystroke\n+00038950: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 206b 6579 . Insert key\n+00038960: 7374 726f 6b65 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 strokes into the\n+00038970: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 keyboard buffer\n+00038980: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 when booting. \n+00038990: 536f 6d65 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2061 Sometimes. a\n+000389a0: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n+000389b0: 656d 206f 7220 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 em or chainloade\n+000389c0: 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7265 d boot loader re\n+000389d0: 7175 6972 6573 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 quires particula\n+000389e0: 720a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 746f 2062 r. keys to b\n+000389f0: 6520 7072 6573 7365 643a 2066 6f72 2065 e pressed: for e\n+00038a00: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 xample, one migh\n+00038a10: 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6573 7320 t need to press \n+00038a20: 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 a. particula\n+00038a30: 7220 6b65 7920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2022 r key to enter \"\n+00038a40: 7361 6665 206d 6f64 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 safe mode\", or w\n+00038a50: 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 hen chainloading\n+00038a60: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 626f another. bo\n+00038a70: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 ot loader one mi\n+00038a80: 6768 7420 7365 6e64 206b 6579 7374 726f ght send keystro\n+00038a90: 6b65 7320 746f 2069 7420 746f 206e 6176 kes to it to nav\n+00038aa0: 6967 6174 6520 6974 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a igate its menu..\n+00038ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6973 . Note: This\n+00038ac0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6375 7272 command is curr\n+00038ad0: 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c ently only avail\n+00038ae0: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 able on the i386\n+00038af0: 2d70 630a 2020 2020 2074 6172 6765 742e -pc. target.\n+00038b00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2070 .. You may p\n+00038b10: 726f 7669 6465 2075 7020 746f 2031 3620 rovide up to 16 \n+00038b20: 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2028 7468 6520 keystrokes (the \n+00038b30: 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 4249 length of the BI\n+00038b40: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 OS. keyboard\n+00038b50: 2062 7566 6665 7229 2e20 204b 6579 7374 buffer). Keyst\n+00038b60: 726f 6b65 206e 616d 6573 206d 6179 2062 roke names may b\n+00038b70: 6520 7570 7065 722d 6361 7365 206f 7220 e upper-case or \n+00038b80: 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 lower-case. \n+00038b90: 6c65 7474 6572 732c 2064 6967 6974 732c letters, digits,\n+00038ba0: 206f 7220 7461 6b65 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 or taken from t\n+00038bb0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 he following tab\n+00038bc0: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d65 2020 le:.. Name \n 00038bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038be0: 2020 2020 4b65 790a 2020 2020 202d 2d2d Key. ---\n-00038bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00038be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4b65 790a 2020 2020 Key. \n+00038bf0: 202d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ---------------\n 00038c00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00038c10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00038c20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00038c30: 0a20 2020 2020 6573 6361 7065 2020 2020 . escape \n+00038c30: 2d2d 2d2d 0a20 2020 2020 6573 6361 7065 ----. escape\n 00038c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038c50: 2020 2020 4573 6361 7065 0a20 2020 2020 Escape. \n-00038c60: 6578 636c 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 exclam \n-00038c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 210a !.\n-00038c80: 2020 2020 2061 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 at \n+00038c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4573 6361 7065 0a20 Escape. \n+00038c60: 2020 2020 6578 636c 616d 2020 2020 2020 exclam \n+00038c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00038c80: 2020 210a 2020 2020 2061 7420 2020 2020 !. at \n 00038c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038ca0: 2020 2040 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 @. number\n-00038cb0: 7369 676e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sign \n-00038cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 230a 2020 2020 2064 #. d\n-00038cd0: 6f6c 6c61 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ollar \n-00038ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2024 0a20 $. \n-00038cf0: 2020 2020 7065 7263 656e 7420 2020 2020 percent \n+00038ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2040 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 @. nu\n+00038cb0: 6d62 6572 7369 676e 2020 2020 2020 2020 mbersign \n+00038cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 230a 2020 #. \n+00038cd0: 2020 2064 6f6c 6c61 7220 2020 2020 2020 dollar \n+00038ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00038cf0: 2024 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7263 656e 7420 $. percent \n 00038d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038d10: 2020 250a 2020 2020 2063 6172 6574 2020 %. caret \n-00038d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038d30: 2020 2020 2020 205e 0a20 2020 2020 616d ^. am\n-00038d40: 7065 7273 616e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 persand \n-00038d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 260a 2020 &. \n-00038d60: 2020 2061 7374 6572 6973 6b20 2020 2020 asterisk \n+00038d10: 2020 2020 2020 250a 2020 2020 2063 6172 %. car\n+00038d20: 6574 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et \n+00038d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 205e 0a20 2020 ^. \n+00038d40: 2020 616d 7065 7273 616e 6420 2020 2020 ampersand \n+00038d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00038d60: 260a 2020 2020 2061 7374 6572 6973 6b20 &. asterisk \n 00038d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038d80: 202a 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7265 6e6c 6566 *. parenlef\n-00038d90: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n-00038da0: 2020 2020 2020 280a 2020 2020 2070 6172 (. par\n-00038db0: 656e 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 enright \n-00038dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2029 0a20 2020 ). \n-00038dd0: 2020 6d69 6e75 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 minus \n+00038d80: 2020 2020 202a 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7265 *. pare\n+00038d90: 6e6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nleft \n+00038da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 280a 2020 2020 (. \n+00038db0: 2070 6172 656e 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 parenright \n+00038dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2029 )\n+00038dd0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 6e75 7320 2020 2020 . minus \n 00038de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038df0: 2d0a 2020 2020 2075 6e64 6572 7363 6f72 -. underscor\n-00038e00: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-00038e10: 2020 2020 205f 0a20 2020 2020 6571 7561 _. equa\n-00038e20: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l \n-00038e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3d0a 2020 2020 =. \n-00038e40: 2070 6c75 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 plus \n-00038e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202b +\n-00038e60: 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b 7370 6163 6520 . backspace \n-00038e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038e80: 2020 2020 4261 636b 7370 6163 650a 2020 Backspace. \n-00038e90: 2020 2074 6162 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tab \n+00038df0: 2020 2020 2d0a 2020 2020 2075 6e64 6572 -. under\n+00038e00: 7363 6f72 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 score \n+00038e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205f 0a20 2020 2020 _. \n+00038e20: 6571 7561 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 equal \n+00038e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3d0a =.\n+00038e40: 2020 2020 2070 6c75 7320 2020 2020 2020 plus \n+00038e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00038e60: 2020 202b 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b 7370 +. backsp\n+00038e70: 6163 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ace \n+00038e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4261 636b 7370 6163 Backspac\n+00038e90: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6162 2020 2020 2020 e. tab \n 00038ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038eb0: 2054 6162 0a20 2020 2020 6272 6163 6b65 Tab. bracke\n-00038ec0: 746c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tleft \n-00038ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b0a 2020 2020 2062 [. b\n-00038ee0: 7261 6365 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 raceleft \n-00038ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 {. \n-00038f00: 2020 2020 6272 6163 6b65 7472 6967 6874 bracketright\n-00038f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038f20: 2020 5d0a 2020 2020 2062 7261 6365 7269 ]. braceri\n-00038f30: 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ght \n-00038f40: 2020 2020 2020 207d 0a20 2020 2020 656e }. en\n-00038f50: 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ter \n-00038f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 7465 Ente\n-00038f70: 720a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2020 r. control \n-00038f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038f90: 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2072 press and r\n-00038fa0: 656c 6561 7365 2043 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 elease Control. \n-00038fb0: 2020 2020 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 2020 semicolon \n-00038fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038fd0: 2020 3b0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f6e 2020 ;. colon \n-00038fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038ff0: 2020 2020 2020 203a 0a20 2020 2020 7175 :. qu\n-00039000: 6f74 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ote \n-00039010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 270a 2020 '. \n-00039020: 2020 2064 6f75 626c 6571 756f 7465 2020 doublequote \n-00039030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039040: 2022 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b 7175 6f74 \". backquot\n-00039050: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-00039060: 2020 2020 2020 270a 2020 2020 2074 696c '. til\n-00039070: 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 de \n-00039080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 207e 0a20 2020 ~. \n-00039090: 2020 7368 6966 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 shift \n+00038eb0: 2020 2020 2054 6162 0a20 2020 2020 6272 Tab. br\n+00038ec0: 6163 6b65 746c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 acketleft \n+00038ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b0a 2020 [. \n+00038ee0: 2020 2062 7261 6365 6c65 6674 2020 2020 braceleft \n+00038ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00038f00: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 6272 6163 6b65 7472 {. bracketr\n+00038f10: 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ight \n+00038f20: 2020 2020 2020 5d0a 2020 2020 2062 7261 ]. bra\n+00038f30: 6365 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ceright \n+00038f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d 0a20 2020 }. \n+00038f50: 2020 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 enter \n+00038f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00038f70: 456e 7465 720a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7472 Enter. contr\n+00038f80: 6f6c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ol \n+00038f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 2061 press a\n+00038fa0: 6e64 2072 656c 6561 7365 2043 6f6e 7472 nd release Contr\n+00038fb0: 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f ol. semicolo\n+00038fc0: 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n \n+00038fd0: 2020 2020 2020 3b0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c ;. col\n+00038fe0: 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 on \n+00038ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203a 0a20 2020 :. \n+00039000: 2020 7175 6f74 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 quote \n+00039010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039020: 270a 2020 2020 2064 6f75 626c 6571 756f '. doublequo\n+00039030: 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te \n+00039040: 2020 2020 2022 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b \". back\n+00039050: 7175 6f74 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 quote \n+00039060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 270a 2020 2020 '. \n+00039070: 2074 696c 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tilde \n+00039080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 207e ~\n+00039090: 0a20 2020 2020 7368 6966 7420 2020 2020 . shift \n 000390a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000390b0: 7072 6573 7320 616e 6420 7265 6c65 6173 press and releas\n-000390c0: 6520 6c65 6674 2053 6869 6674 0a20 2020 e left Shift. \n-000390d0: 2020 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 2020 2020 backslash \n+000390b0: 2020 2020 7072 6573 7320 616e 6420 7265 press and re\n+000390c0: 6c65 6173 6520 6c65 6674 2053 6869 6674 lease left Shift\n+000390d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 . backslash \n 000390e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000390f0: 5c0a 2020 2020 2062 6172 2020 2020 2020 \\. bar \n+000390f0: 2020 2020 5c0a 2020 2020 2062 6172 2020 \\. bar \n 00039100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039110: 2020 2020 207c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d |. comm\n-00039120: 6120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 a \n-00039130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2c0a 2020 2020 ,. \n-00039140: 206c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 less \n-00039150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203c <\n-00039160: 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7269 6f64 2020 2020 . period \n+00039110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 207c 0a20 2020 2020 |. \n+00039120: 636f 6d6d 6120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 comma \n+00039130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2c0a ,.\n+00039140: 2020 2020 206c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 less \n+00039150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039160: 2020 203c 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7269 6f64 <. period\n 00039170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039180: 2020 2020 2e0a 2020 2020 2067 7265 6174 .. great\n-00039190: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-000391a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203e 0a20 2020 2020 >. \n-000391b0: 736c 6173 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 slash \n-000391c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f0a /.\n-000391d0: 2020 2020 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 2020 question \n-000391e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000391f0: 2020 203f 0a20 2020 2020 7273 6869 6674 ?. rshift\n-00039200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6573 7320 616e press an\n-00039220: 6420 7265 6c65 6173 6520 7269 6768 7420 d release right \n-00039230: 5368 6966 740a 2020 2020 2061 6c74 2020 Shift. alt \n-00039240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 2061 press a\n-00039260: 6e64 2072 656c 6561 7365 2041 6c74 0a20 nd release Alt. \n-00039270: 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 2020 2020 2020 space \n+00039180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e0a 2020 2020 2067 .. g\n+00039190: 7265 6174 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reater \n+000391a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203e 0a20 >. \n+000391b0: 2020 2020 736c 6173 6820 2020 2020 2020 slash \n+000391c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000391d0: 2020 2f0a 2020 2020 2071 7565 7374 696f /. questio\n+000391e0: 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n \n+000391f0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a20 2020 2020 7273 ?. rs\n+00039200: 6869 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hift \n+00039210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6573 pres\n+00039220: 7320 616e 6420 7265 6c65 6173 6520 7269 s and release ri\n+00039230: 6768 7420 5368 6966 740a 2020 2020 2061 ght Shift. a\n+00039240: 6c74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lt \n+00039250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 pre\n+00039260: 7373 2061 6e64 2072 656c 6561 7365 2041 ss and release A\n+00039270: 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 2020 lt. space \n 00039280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039290: 2020 7370 6163 6520 6261 720a 2020 2020 space bar. \n-000392a0: 2063 6170 736c 6f63 6b20 2020 2020 2020 capslock \n-000392b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n-000392c0: 6170 7320 4c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 4631 aps Lock. F1\n-000392d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000392e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 0a20 F1. \n-000392f0: 2020 2020 4632 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F2 \n+00039290: 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6261 720a space bar.\n+000392a0: 2020 2020 2063 6170 736c 6f63 6b20 2020 capslock \n+000392b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000392c0: 2020 2043 6170 7320 4c6f 636b 0a20 2020 Caps Lock. \n+000392d0: 2020 4631 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F1 \n+000392e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000392f0: 4631 0a20 2020 2020 4632 2020 2020 2020 F1. F2 \n 00039300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039310: 2020 4632 0a20 2020 2020 4633 2020 2020 F2. F3 \n+00039310: 2020 2020 2020 4632 0a20 2020 2020 4633 F2. F3\n 00039320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4633 0a20 2020 2020 F3. \n-00039340: 4634 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F4 \n-00039350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4634 F4\n-00039360: 0a20 2020 2020 4635 2020 2020 2020 2020 . F5 \n+00039330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4633 0a20 F3. \n+00039340: 2020 2020 4634 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F4 \n+00039350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039360: 2020 4634 0a20 2020 2020 4635 2020 2020 F4. F5 \n 00039370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039380: 2020 2020 4635 0a20 2020 2020 4636 2020 F5. F6 \n-00039390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000393a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4636 0a20 2020 F6. \n-000393b0: 2020 4637 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F7 \n+00039380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4635 0a20 2020 2020 F5. \n+00039390: 4636 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F6 \n+000393a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4636 F6\n+000393b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4637 2020 2020 2020 2020 . F7 \n 000393c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000393d0: 4637 0a20 2020 2020 4638 2020 2020 2020 F7. F8 \n+000393d0: 2020 2020 4637 0a20 2020 2020 4638 2020 F7. F8 \n 000393e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000393f0: 2020 2020 2020 4638 0a20 2020 2020 4639 F8. F9\n-00039400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4639 0a20 F9. \n-00039420: 2020 2020 4631 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F10 \n+000393f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4638 0a20 2020 F8. \n+00039400: 2020 4639 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F9 \n+00039410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039420: 4639 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3020 2020 2020 F9. F10 \n 00039430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039440: 2020 4631 300a 2020 2020 2046 3131 2020 F10. F11 \n-00039450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 3131 0a20 2020 F11. \n-00039470: 2020 4631 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F12 \n+00039440: 2020 2020 2020 4631 300a 2020 2020 2046 F10. F\n+00039450: 3131 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 11 \n+00039460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 3131 F11\n+00039470: 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3220 2020 2020 2020 . F12 \n 00039480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039490: 4631 320a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3120 2020 F12. num1 \n-000394a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2031 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 1 (numeri\n-000394c0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-000394d0: 756d 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um2 \n-000394e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 2028 2 (\n-000394f0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039500: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3320 2020 2020 2020 num3 \n+00039490: 2020 2020 4631 320a 2020 2020 206e 756d F12. num\n+000394a0: 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 1 \n+000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 2028 6e75 1 (nu\n+000394c0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+000394d0: 2020 206e 756d 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 num2 \n+000394e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000394f0: 2032 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 2 (numeric keyp\n+00039500: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3320 2020 ad). num3 \n 00039510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039520: 2020 2033 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 3 (numeric ke\n-00039530: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3420 ypad). num4 \n-00039540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 2028 6e75 6d65 4 (nume\n-00039560: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039570: 206e 756d 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num5 \n-00039580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2035 5\n-00039590: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-000395a0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3620 2020 2020 ). num6 \n+00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2033 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 3 (numeri\n+00039530: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039540: 756d 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um4 \n+00039550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 2028 4 (\n+00039560: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00039570: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3520 2020 2020 2020 num5 \n+00039580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039590: 2020 2035 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 5 (numeric ke\n+000395a0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3620 ypad). num6 \n 000395b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395c0: 2020 2020 2036 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6 (numeric \n-000395d0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-000395e0: 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7 \n-000395f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2037 2028 6e75 7 (nu\n-00039600: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00039610: 2020 206e 756d 3820 2020 2020 2020 2020 num8 \n+000395c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2036 2028 6e75 6d65 6 (nume\n+000395d0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+000395e0: 206e 756d 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num7 \n+000395f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2037 7\n+00039600: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039610: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3820 2020 2020 ). num8 \n 00039620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039630: 2038 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 8 (numeric keyp\n-00039640: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3920 2020 ad). num9 \n-00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039660: 2020 2020 2020 2039 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 9 (numeri\n-00039670: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00039680: 756d 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um0 \n-00039690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 2028 0 (\n-000396a0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-000396b0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 7065 7269 6f64 2020 numperiod \n-000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000396d0: 2020 202e 2020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b . (numeric k\n-000396e0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 eypad). nume\n-000396f0: 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nd \n-00039700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 6420 286e End (n\n-00039710: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039720: 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 numdown \n+00039630: 2020 2020 2038 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 8 (numeric \n+00039640: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00039650: 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 9 \n+00039660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2039 2028 6e75 9 (nu\n+00039670: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039680: 2020 206e 756d 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num0 \n+00039690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000396a0: 2030 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 0 (numeric keyp\n+000396b0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7065 7269 ad). numperi\n+000396c0: 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 od \n+000396d0: 2020 2020 2020 202e 2020 286e 756d 6572 . (numer\n+000396e0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+000396f0: 6e75 6d65 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 numend \n+00039700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e En\n+00039710: 6420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 d (numeric keypa\n+00039720: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 6f77 6e20 d). numdown \n 00039730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039740: 2020 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 Down (numeric \n-00039750: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00039760: 7067 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgdown \n-00039770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 Page \n-00039780: 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 Down (numeric ke\n-00039790: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6c65 ypad). numle\n-000397a0: 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ft \n-000397b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 7420 286e Left (n\n-000397c0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-000397d0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d63 656e 7465 7220 2020 numcenter \n-000397e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397f0: 2020 3520 7769 7468 204e 756d 204c 6f63 5 with Num Loc\n-00039800: 6b20 696e 6163 7469 7665 2028 6e75 6d65 k inactive (nume\n-00039810: 7269 630a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ric. \n+00039740: 2020 2020 2020 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 Down (nume\n+00039750: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+00039760: 206e 756d 7067 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 numpgdown \n+00039770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n+00039780: 6167 6520 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 age Down (numeri\n+00039790: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+000397a0: 756d 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 umleft \n+000397b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 Lef\n+000397c0: 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 t (numeric keypa\n+000397d0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d63 656e 7465 d). numcente\n+000397e0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+000397f0: 2020 2020 2020 3520 7769 7468 204e 756d 5 with Num\n+00039800: 204c 6f63 6b20 696e 6163 7469 7665 2028 Lock inactive (\n+00039810: 6e75 6d65 7269 630a 2020 2020 2020 2020 numeric. \n 00039820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039830: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 keypad). \n-00039840: 2020 2020 6e75 6d72 6967 6874 2020 2020 numright \n+00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6579 7061 keypa\n+00039840: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d72 6967 6874 d). numright\n 00039850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039860: 2020 5269 6768 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 Right (numeric\n-00039870: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-00039880: 6d68 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mhome \n-00039890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 Home\n-000398a0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-000398b0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7570 2020 2020 ). numup \n+00039860: 2020 2020 2020 5269 6768 7420 286e 756d Right (num\n+00039870: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00039880: 2020 6e75 6d68 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 2020 numhome \n+00039890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000398a0: 486f 6d65 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 Home (numeric ke\n+000398b0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7570 ypad). numup\n 000398c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000398d0: 2020 2020 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 Up (numeric\n-000398e0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-000398f0: 6d70 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mpgup \n-00039900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 Page\n-00039910: 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 Up (numeric key\n-00039920: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d69 6e73 pad). numins\n-00039930: 6572 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ert \n-00039940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2028 Insert (\n-00039950: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039960: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6465 6c65 7465 2020 numdelete \n-00039970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039980: 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 286e 756d 6572 Delete (numer\n-00039990: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-000399a0: 6e75 6d61 7374 6572 6973 6b20 2020 2020 numasterisk \n-000399b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 * \n-000399c0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-000399d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d6d 696e 7573 2020 . numminus \n-000399e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000399f0: 2020 2020 2d20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b - (numeric k\n-00039a00: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 eypad). nump\n-00039a10: 6c75 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lus \n-00039a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2b20 286e 756d + (num\n-00039a30: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00039a40: 2020 6e75 6d73 6c61 7368 2020 2020 2020 numslash \n+000398d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7020 286e 756d Up (num\n+000398e0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+000398f0: 2020 6e75 6d70 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 numpgup \n+00039900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039910: 5061 6765 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 Page Up (numeric\n+00039920: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039930: 6d69 6e73 6572 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 minsert \n+00039940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 Inse\n+00039950: 7274 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 rt (numeric keyp\n+00039960: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6465 6c65 ad). numdele\n+00039970: 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te \n+00039980: 2020 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 286e Delete (n\n+00039990: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+000399a0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d61 7374 6572 6973 6b20 numasterisk \n+000399b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000399c0: 2020 2a20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 * (numeric key\n+000399d0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d6d 696e pad). nummin\n+000399e0: 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 us \n+000399f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d20 286e 756d 6572 - (numer\n+00039a00: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+00039a10: 6e75 6d70 6c75 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 numplus \n+00039a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2b20 + \n+00039a30: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039a40: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d73 6c61 7368 2020 . numslash \n 00039a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a60: 2f20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 / (numeric keypa\n-00039a70: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e74 6572 d). numenter\n-00039a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a90: 2020 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 286e 756d Enter (num\n-00039aa0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00039ab0: 2020 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 delete \n+00039a60: 2020 2020 2f20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b / (numeric k\n+00039a70: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 eypad). nume\n+00039a80: 6e74 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nter \n+00039a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 Enter \n+00039aa0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 . delete \n 00039ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ad0: 4465 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7365 Delete. inse\n-00039ae0: 7274 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt \n-00039af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 Insert\n-00039b00: 0a20 2020 2020 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 . home \n+00039ad0: 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 Delete. \n+00039ae0: 696e 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 insert \n+00039af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e In\n+00039b00: 7365 7274 0a20 2020 2020 686f 6d65 2020 sert. home \n 00039b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b20: 2020 2020 486f 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 656e Home. en\n-00039b30: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d \n-00039b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 640a End.\n-00039b50: 2020 2020 2070 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 pgdown \n+00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 0a20 2020 Home. \n+00039b30: 2020 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 end \n+00039b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039b50: 456e 640a 2020 2020 2070 6764 6f77 6e20 End. pgdown \n 00039b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b70: 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e 0a20 2020 Page Down. \n-00039b80: 2020 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgup \n+00039b70: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e Page Down\n+00039b80: 0a20 2020 2020 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 . pgup \n 00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ba0: 5061 6765 2055 700a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 Page Up. dow\n-00039bb0: 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n \n-00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e0a Down.\n-00039bd0: 2020 2020 2075 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n+00039ba0: 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 700a 2020 2020 Page Up. \n+00039bb0: 2064 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 down \n+00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n+00039bd0: 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 7020 2020 2020 own. up \n 00039be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039bf0: 2020 2055 700a 2020 2020 206c 6566 7420 Up. left \n-00039c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 740a 2020 Left. \n-00039c20: 2020 2072 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 right \n+00039bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2055 700a 2020 2020 206c Up. l\n+00039c00: 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eft \n+00039c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 Lef\n+00039c20: 740a 2020 2020 2072 6967 6874 2020 2020 t. right \n 00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c40: 2052 6967 6874 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 7320 Right.. As \n-00039c50: 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b well as keystrok\n-00039c60: 6573 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b es, the ...sendk\n-00039c70: 6579 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7461 ey... command ta\n-00039c80: 6b65 7320 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 kes various opti\n-00039c90: 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6166 ons. that af\n-00039ca0: 6665 6374 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 fect the BIOS ke\n-00039cb0: 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c yboard status fl\n-00039cc0: 6167 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 ags. These opti\n-00039cd0: 6f6e 7320 7461 6b65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 ons take an. \n-00039ce0: 20e2 8098 6f6e e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 ...on... or ...\n-00039cf0: 6f66 66e2 8099 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 off... parameter\n-00039d00: 2c20 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6861 , specifying tha\n-00039d10: 7420 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 t the correspond\n-00039d20: 696e 6720 7374 6174 7573 0a20 2020 2020 ing status. \n-00039d30: 666c 6167 2062 6520 7365 7420 6f72 2075 flag be set or u\n-00039d40: 6e73 6574 3b20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2074 nset; omitting t\n-00039d50: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6120 he option for a \n-00039d60: 6769 7665 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 given status fla\n-00039d70: 670a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6c65 6176 g. will leav\n-00039d80: 6520 7468 6174 2066 6c61 6720 6174 2069 e that flag at i\n-00039d90: 7473 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2073 7461 7465 ts initial state\n-00039da0: 2061 7420 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 at boot. The .\n-00039db0: 8098 2d2d 6e75 6de2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 ..--num...,. \n-00039dc0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 e280 992c 20e2 ...--caps..., .\n-00039dd0: 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c e280 992c 2061 ..--scroll..., a\n-00039de0: 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 e280 nd ...--insert..\n-00039df0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 . options emulat\n-00039e00: 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 e setting the. \n-00039e10: 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 corresponding\n-00039e20: 206d 6f64 652c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 mode, while the\n-00039e30: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 e280 992c ...--numkey...,\n-00039e40: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 79e2 8099 ...--capskey...\n-00039e50: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f ,. ...--scro\n-00039e60: 6c6c 6b65 79e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 llkey..., and ..\n-00039e70: 982d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 e280 9920 .--insertkey... \n-00039e80: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 options emulate \n-00039e90: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 pressing and. \n-00039ea0: 2020 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f holding the co\n-00039eb0: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 6b65 792e rresponding key.\n-00039ec0: 2020 5468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7374 6174 The other stat\n-00039ed0: 7573 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 us flag options \n-00039ee0: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 656c 662d 6578 are. self-ex\n-00039ef0: 706c 616e 6174 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 planatory... \n-00039f00: 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d If the ...--no-\n-00039f10: 6c65 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 led... option is\n-00039f20: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 6520 7374 6174 given, the stat\n-00039f30: 7573 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 us flag options \n-00039f40: 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 206e will. have n\n-00039f50: 6f20 6566 6665 6374 206f 6e20 6b65 7962 o effect on keyb\n-00039f60: 6f61 7264 204c 4544 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 oard LEDs... \n-00039f70: 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b If the ...sendk\n-00039f80: 6579 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 ey... command is\n-00039f90: 2067 6976 656e 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 given multiple \n-00039fa0: 7469 6d65 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 times, then only\n-00039fb0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7374 2069 the. last i\n-00039fc0: 6e76 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6861 7320 616e nvocation has an\n-00039fd0: 7920 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 y effect... \n-00039fe0: 5369 6e63 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 Since ...sendkey\n-00039ff0: e280 9920 6d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 7320 ... manipulates \n-0003a000: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 the BIOS keyboar\n-0003a010: 6420 6275 6666 6572 2c20 6974 206d 6179 d buffer, it may\n-0003a020: 2063 6175 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 cause. hang\n-0003a030: 732c 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c20 6f72 206f s, reboots, or o\n-0003a040: 7468 6572 206d 6973 6265 6861 7669 6f75 ther misbehaviou\n-0003a050: 7220 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d r on some system\n-0003a060: 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 s. If the. \n-0003a070: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-0003a080: 206f 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 or boot loader \n-0003a090: 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 6166 7465 7220 that runs after \n-0003a0a0: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6974 7320 6f77 GRUB uses its ow\n-0003a0b0: 6e0a 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 n. keyboard \n-0003a0c0: 6472 6976 6572 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 driver rather th\n-0003a0d0: 616e 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 an the BIOS keyb\n-0003a0e0: 6f61 7264 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 oard functions, \n-0003a0f0: 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 656e then. ...sen\n-0003a100: 646b 6579 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 dkey... will hav\n-0003a110: 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 e no effect... \n-0003a120: 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 This command \n-0003a130: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c is only availabl\n-0003a140: 6520 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 e on PC BIOS sys\n-0003a150: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tems.....File: g\n-0003a160: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003a170: 2073 6574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 set, Next: sha\n-0003a180: 3173 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 656e 1sum, Prev: sen\n-0003a190: 646b 6579 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 dkey, Up: Comma\n-0003a1a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0003a1b0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3720 7365 740a 2d2d ..17.4.67 set.--\n-0003a1c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003a1d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 6e76 ommand: set [env\n-0003a1e0: 7661 723d 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 2020 var=value]. \n-0003a1f0: 5365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Set the environm\n-0003a200: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 ent variable ENV\n-0003a210: 5641 5220 746f 2056 414c 5545 2e20 2049 VAR to VALUE. I\n-0003a220: 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 206e f invoked with n\n-0003a230: 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 o. arguments\n-0003a240: 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 656e 7669 , print all envi\n-0003a250: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0003a260: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 2076 616c s with their val\n-0003a270: 7565 732e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2074 ues. For. t\n-0003a280: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 he list of envir\n-0003a290: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-0003a2a0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 currently used \n-0003a2b0: 6279 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2073 by GRUB itself s\n-0003a2c0: 6565 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7265 6c65 ee. the rele\n-0003a2d0: 7661 6e74 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 202a 6e6f vant section *no\n-0003a2e0: 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a te Environment::\n-0003a2f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003a300: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 info, Node: sha\n-0003a310: 3173 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 1sum, Next: sha\n-0003a320: 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 256sum, Prev: s\n-0003a330: 6574 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 et, Up: Command\n-0003a340: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0003a350: 3137 2e34 2e36 3820 7368 6131 7375 6d0a 17.4.68 sha1sum.\n-0003a360: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0003a370: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 . -- Command: sh\n-0003a380: 6131 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 a1sum arg .... \n-0003a390: 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 Alias for ...\n-0003a3a0: 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 hashsum --hash s\n-0003a3b0: 6861 3120 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 ha1 arg ....... \n-0003a3c0: 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 See command ...\n-0003a3d0: 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 hashsum.... \n-0003a3e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n-0003a3f0: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n-0003a400: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n-0003a410: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003a420: 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 204e e: sha256sum, N\n-0003a430: 6578 743a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 ext: sha512sum, \n-0003a440: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 Prev: sha1sum, \n-0003a450: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0003a460: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0003a470: 2e36 3920 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d0a 2d2d .69 sha256sum.--\n-0003a480: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0003a490: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 . -- Command: sh\n-0003a4a0: 6132 3536 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a a256sum arg ....\n-0003a4b0: 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 Alias for .\n-0003a4c0: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 ..hashsum --hash\n-0003a4d0: 2073 6861 3235 3620 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 sha256 arg ....\n-0003a4e0: 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ... See command\n-0003a4f0: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 ...hashsum.... \n-0003a500: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 (*note hashs\n-0003a510: 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 um::) for full d\n-0003a520: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 escription.....F\n-0003a530: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003a540: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d Node: sha512sum\n-0003a550: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 , Next: sleep, \n-0003a560: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d Prev: sha256sum\n-0003a570: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0003a580: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0003a590: 2e34 2e37 3020 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d0a .4.70 sha512sum.\n-0003a5a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003a5b0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003a5c0: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e sha512sum arg ..\n-0003a5d0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 .. Alias for\n-0003a5e0: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 ...hashsum --ha\n-0003a5f0: 7368 2073 6861 3531 3220 6172 6720 2e2e sh sha512 arg ..\n-0003a600: 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..... See comma\n-0003a610: 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 nd ...hashsum...\n-0003a620: 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 . (*note has\n-0003a630: 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c hsum::) for full\n-0003a640: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f description....\n-0003a650: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003a660: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 , Node: sleep, \n-0003a670: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 Next: smbios, \n-0003a680: 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c Prev: sha512sum,\n-0003a690: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0003a6a0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0003a6b0: 342e 3731 2073 6c65 6570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.71 sleep.-----\n-0003a6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003a6d0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6c65 6570 205b 2d2d mmand: sleep [--\n-0003a6e0: 7665 7262 6f73 655d 205b 2d2d 696e 7465 verbose] [--inte\n-0003a6f0: 7272 7570 7469 626c 655d 2063 6f75 6e74 rruptible] count\n-0003a700: 0a20 2020 2020 536c 6565 7020 666f 7220 . Sleep for \n-0003a710: 434f 554e 5420 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 COUNT seconds. \n-0003a720: 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d69 If option ...--i\n-0003a730: 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 e280 9920 nterruptible... \n-0003a740: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 is given,. a\n-0003a750: 6c6c 6f77 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c45 llow pressing , or hol\n-0003a770: 6469 6e67 2064 6f77 6e20 3c53 4849 4654 ding down to interrupt. \n-0003a790: 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 5769 7468 sleep. With\n-0003a7a0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 ...--verbose...\n-0003a7b0: 2073 686f 7720 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 show countdown \n-0003a7c0: 6f66 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 6563 of remaining sec\n-0003a7d0: 6f6e 6473 2e20 2045 7869 740a 2020 2020 onds. Exit. \n-0003a7e0: 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 code is set to \n-0003a7f0: 3020 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 0 if timeout exp\n-0003a800: 6972 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 3120 6966 ired and to 1 if\n-0003a810: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2077 6173 0a20 2020 timeout was. \n-0003a820: 2020 696e 7465 7272 7570 7465 6420 7573 interrupted us\n-0003a830: 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206d ing any of the m\n-0003a840: 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 206b 6579 732e 0a0a entioned keys...\n-0003a850: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003a860: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 o, Node: smbios\n-0003a870: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6f75 7263 652c , Next: source,\n-0003a880: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736c 6565 702c 2020 Prev: sleep, \n-0003a890: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0003a8a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0003a8b0: 3732 2073 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 72 smbios.------\n-0003a8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003a8d0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d mmand: smbios [-\n-0003a8e0: 2d74 7970 6520 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 -type TYPE] [--h\n-0003a8f0: 616e 646c 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d andle HANDLE] [-\n-0003a900: 2d6d 6174 6368 204d 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 -match MATCH]. \n-0003a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 (--get-b\n-0003a920: 7974 6520 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 yte | --get-word\n-0003a930: 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 207c | --get-dword |\n-0003a940: 202d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 207c 0a20 --get-qword |. \n-0003a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 --get-s\n-0003a960: 7472 696e 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 tring | --get-uu\n-0003a970: 6964 2920 4f46 4653 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 id) OFFSET [--se\n-0003a980: 7420 5641 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 t VARIABLE]. \n-0003a990: 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 Retrieve SMBIOS\n-0003a9a0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 information... \n-0003a9b0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6d62 696f The ...smbio\n-0003a9c0: 73e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 s... command ret\n-0003a9d0: 7572 6e73 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f urns the value o\n-0003a9e0: 6620 6120 6669 656c 6420 696e 2061 6e20 f a field in an \n-0003a9f0: 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 SMBIOS. stru\n-0003aa00: 6374 7572 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c cture. The foll\n-0003aa10: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 owing options de\n-0003aa20: 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7374 termine which st\n-0003aa30: 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ructure to. \n-0003aa40: 7365 6c65 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 select... \n-0003aa50: 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 ... Specifying \n-0003aa60: e280 982d 2d74 7970 65e2 8099 2077 696c ...--type... wil\n-0003aa70: 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 l select structu\n-0003aa80: 7265 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 res with a match\n-0003aa90: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5459 ing. TY\n-0003aaa0: 5045 2e20 2054 6865 2074 7970 6520 6361 PE. The type ca\n-0003aab0: 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 6572 n be any integer\n-0003aac0: 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2032 3535 2e0a from 0 to 255..\n-0003aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 ... Spec\n-0003aae0: 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 6e64 ifying ...--hand\n-0003aaf0: 6c65 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 le... will selec\n-0003ab00: 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 t structures wit\n-0003ab10: 6820 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 h a matching. \n-0003ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2048 414e 444c 452e 2020 HANDLE. \n-0003ab30: 5468 6520 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 616e 2062 The handle can b\n-0003ab40: 6520 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 e any integer fr\n-0003ab50: 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 3635 3533 352e 0a20 om 0 to 65535.. \n-0003ab60: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 ... Speci\n-0003ab70: 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d6d 6174 6368 fying ...--match\n-0003ab80: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 ... will select \n-0003ab90: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 structure number\n-0003aba0: 204d 4154 4348 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 MATCH in the. \n-0003abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 6564 filtered\n-0003abc0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7472 7563 7475 list of structu\n-0003abd0: 7265 733b 2065 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 736d res; e.g. ...sm\n-0003abe0: 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3420 2d2d bios --type 4 --\n-0003abf0: 6d61 7463 6820 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 match 2.... \n-0003ac00: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 will select\n-0003ac10: 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 5072 6f63 the second Proc\n-0003ac20: 6573 7320 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ess Information \n-0003ac30: 2854 7970 6520 3429 2073 7472 7563 7475 (Type 4) structu\n-0003ac40: 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 re.. Th\n-0003ac50: 6520 6c69 7374 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 e list is always\n-0003ac60: 206f 7264 6572 6564 2074 6865 2073 616d ordered the sam\n-0003ac70: 6520 6173 2074 6865 2068 6172 6477 6172 e as the hardwar\n-0003ac80: 6527 7320 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 e's SMBIOS. \n-0003ac90: 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 table. The\n-0003aca0: 206d 6174 6368 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 match number mu\n-0003acb0: 7374 2062 6520 6120 706f 7369 7469 7665 st be a positive\n-0003acc0: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e20 2049 660a 2020 integer. If. \n-0003acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7370 6563 6966 unspecif\n-0003ace0: 6965 642c 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206d ied, the first m\n-0003acf0: 6174 6368 696e 6720 7374 7275 6374 7572 atching structur\n-0003ad00: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 e will be select\n-0003ad10: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 ed... The re\n-0003ad20: 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 maining options \n-0003ad30: 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 determine which \n-0003ad40: 6669 656c 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 656c field in the sel\n-0003ad50: 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 ected SMBIOS. \n-0003ad60: 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f 2072 structure to r\n-0003ad70: 6574 7572 6e2e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 eturn. Only one\n-0003ad80: 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e of these option\n-0003ad90: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 s may be specifi\n-0003ada0: 6564 2061 740a 2020 2020 2061 2074 696d ed at. a tim\n-0003adb0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 e... ... \n-0003adc0: 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d When given ...--\n-0003add0: 6765 742d 6279 7465 e280 992c 2072 6574 get-byte..., ret\n-0003ade0: 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 urn the value of\n-0003adf0: 2074 6865 2062 7974 6520 6174 0a20 2020 the byte at. \n-0003ae00: 2020 2020 2020 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 OFFSET by\n-0003ae10: 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c tes into the sel\n-0003ae20: 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 ected SMBIOS str\n-0003ae30: 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c ucture. It will\n-0003ae40: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f be. fo\n-0003ae50: 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e rmatted as an un\n-0003ae60: 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 signed decimal i\n-0003ae70: 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nteger.. \n-0003ae80: e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 ... When given .\n-0003ae90: 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 e280 992c ..--get-word...,\n-0003aea0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 return the valu\n-0003aeb0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2874 e of the word (t\n-0003aec0: 776f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 wo. byt\n-0003aed0: 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 es) at OFFSET by\n-0003aee0: 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c tes into the sel\n-0003aef0: 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 ected SMBIOS str\n-0003af00: 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 ucture. It. \n-0003af10: 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f will be fo\n-0003af20: 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e rmatted as an un\n-0003af30: 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 signed decimal i\n-0003af40: 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nteger.. \n-0003af50: e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 ... When given .\n-0003af60: 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 ..--get-dword...\n-0003af70: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c , return the val\n-0003af80: 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 6477 6f72 6420 ue of the dword \n-0003af90: 2866 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (four. \n-0003afa0: 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 bytes) at OFFSET\n-0003afb0: 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 bytes into the \n-0003afc0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 selected SMBIOS \n-0003afd0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 structure. It. \n-0003afe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 will be\n-0003aff0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e formatted as an\n-0003b000: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 unsigned decima\n-0003b010: 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 l integer.. \n-0003b020: 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 ... When give\n-0003b030: 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 n ...--get-qword\n-0003b040: e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 ..., return the \n-0003b050: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2071 776f value of the qwo\n-0003b060: 7264 2028 6569 6768 740a 2020 2020 2020 rd (eight. \n-0003b070: 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 bytes) at OF\n-0003b080: 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 FSET bytes into \n-0003b090: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n-0003b0a0: 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 IOS structure. \n-0003b0b0: 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c It. wil\n-0003b0c0: 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 l be formatted a\n-0003b0d0: 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 s an unsigned de\n-0003b0e0: 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 cimal integer.. \n-0003b0f0: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 ... When \n-0003b100: 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d73 given ...--get-s\n-0003b110: 7472 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e tring..., return\n-0003b120: 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6720 7769 7468 the string with\n-0003b130: 2069 7473 2069 6e64 6578 0a20 2020 2020 its index. \n-0003b140: 2020 2020 2066 6f75 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 found at OF\n-0003b150: 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 FSET bytes into \n-0003b160: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n-0003b170: 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 IOS structure.. \n-0003b180: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 ... When \n-0003b190: 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d75 given ...--get-u\n-0003b1a0: 7569 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 uid..., return t\n-0003b1b0: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 he value of the \n-0003b1c0: 5555 4944 2028 7369 7874 6565 6e0a 2020 UUID (sixteen. \n-0003b1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 bytes) a\n-0003b1e0: 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 t OFFSET bytes i\n-0003b1f0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 nto the selected\n-0003b200: 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 SMBIOS structur\n-0003b210: 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. It. \n-0003b220: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 will be formatt\n-0003b230: 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 ed as lower-case\n-0003b240: 2068 7970 6865 6e61 7465 6420 6865 7861 hyphenated hexa\n-0003b250: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2c0a decimal digits,.\n-0003b260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 with t\n-0003b270: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6872 6565 2066 he first three f\n-0003b280: 6965 6c64 7320 6173 206c 6974 746c 652d ields as little-\n-0003b290: 656e 6469 616e 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 endian, and the \n-0003b2a0: 7265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 rest. p\n-0003b2b0: 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7974 652d 6279 2d62 rinted byte-by-b\n-0003b2c0: 7974 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 yte... The d\n-0003b2d0: 6566 6175 6c74 2061 6374 696f 6e20 6973 efault action is\n-0003b2e0: 2074 6f20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7661 to print the va\n-0003b2f0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6571 7565 lue of the reque\n-0003b300: 7374 6564 2066 6965 6c64 2074 6f0a 2020 sted field to. \n-0003b310: 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 the console, \n-0003b320: 6275 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e but a variable n\n-0003b330: 616d 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 ame can be speci\n-0003b340: 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d73 fied with ...--s\n-0003b350: 6574 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7374 et... to. st\n-0003b360: 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 696e ore the value in\n-0003b370: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2070 7269 6e74 696e stead of printin\n-0003b380: 6720 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 g it... For \n-0003b390: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 6869 7320 7769 example, this wi\n-0003b3a0: 6c6c 2073 746f 7265 2061 6e64 2074 6865 ll store and the\n-0003b3b0: 6e20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7379 n display the sy\n-0003b3c0: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 6661 stem. manufa\n-0003b3d0: 6374 7572 6572 2773 206e 616d 652e 0a0a cturer's name...\n-0003b3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736d 6269 6f73 smbios\n-0003b3f0: 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3120 2d2d 6765 742d --type 1 --get-\n-0003b400: 7374 7269 6e67 2034 202d 2d73 6574 2073 string 4 --set s\n-0003b410: 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 ystem_manufactur\n-0003b420: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 er. ech\n-0003b430: 6f20 2473 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 o $system_manufa\n-0003b440: 6374 7572 6572 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 cturer....File: \n-0003b450: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003b460: 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a : source, Next:\n-0003b470: 2074 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736d test, Prev: sm\n-0003b480: 6269 6f73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 bios, Up: Comma\n-0003b490: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0003b4a0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3320 736f 7572 6365 ..17.4.73 source\n-0003b4b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-0003b4c0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736f . -- Command: so\n-0003b4d0: 7572 6365 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 urce file. R\n-0003b4e0: 6561 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 636f ead FILE as a co\n-0003b4f0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-0003b500: 2c20 6173 2069 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 , as if its cont\n-0003b510: 656e 7473 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 ents had been. \n-0003b520: 2020 2069 6e63 6f72 706f 7261 7465 6420 incorporated \n-0003b530: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 directly into th\n-0003b540: 6520 736f 7572 6369 6e67 2066 696c 652e e sourcing file.\n-0003b550: 2020 556e 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 Unlike ...conf\n-0003b560: 6967 6669 6c65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 igfile.... (\n-0003b570: 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 *note configfile\n-0003b580: 3a3a 292c 2074 6869 7320 6578 6563 7574 ::), this execut\n-0003b590: 6573 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 es the contents \n-0003b5a0: 6f66 2046 494c 4520 7769 7468 6f75 740a of FILE without.\n-0003b5b0: 2020 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f changing co\n-0003b5c0: 6e74 6578 743a 2061 6e79 2065 6e76 6972 ntext: any envir\n-0003b5d0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-0003b5e0: 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7920 changes made by \n-0003b5f0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the. command\n-0003b600: 7320 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 s in FILE will b\n-0003b610: 6520 7072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6166 7465 e preserved afte\n-0003b620: 7220 e280 9873 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 2072 r ...source... r\n-0003b630: 6574 7572 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 7468 650a eturns, and the.\n-0003b640: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 7769 6c6c 206e menu will n\n-0003b650: 6f74 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e20 696d 6d65 ot be shown imme\n-0003b660: 6469 6174 656c 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 diately.....File\n-0003b670: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003b680: 6465 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: test, Next:\n-0003b690: 2074 7275 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736f true, Prev: so\n-0003b6a0: 7572 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 urce, Up: Comma\n-0003b6b0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0003b6c0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3420 7465 7374 0a2d ..17.4.74 test.-\n-0003b6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003b6e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 7374 2065 Command: test e\n-0003b6f0: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2045 xpression. E\n-0003b700: 7661 6c75 6174 6520 4558 5052 4553 5349 valuate EXPRESSI\n-0003b710: 4f4e 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7a65 ON and return ze\n-0003b720: 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 ro exit status i\n-0003b730: 6620 7265 7375 6c74 2069 7320 7472 7565 f result is true\n-0003b740: 2c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 ,. non zero \n-0003b750: 7374 6174 7573 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 status otherwise\n-0003b760: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 ... EXPRESSI\n-0003b770: 4f4e 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 3a0a 0a20 ON is one of:.. \n-0003b780: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983d STRING1 ...=\n-0003b790: 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 =... STRING2. \n-0003b7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e the strin\n-0003b7b0: 6773 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 gs are equal. \n-0003b7c0: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 9821 3de2 STRING1 ...!=.\n-0003b7d0: 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 .. STRING2. \n-0003b7e0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 the strings\n-0003b7f0: 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c 0a20 are not equal. \n-0003b800: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983c STRING1 ...<\n-0003b810: e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 ... STRING2. \n-0003b820: 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 STRING1 is\n-0003b830: 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c lexicographical\n-0003b840: 6c79 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 2053 5452 ly less than STR\n-0003b850: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 ING2. STRING\n-0003b860: 3120 e280 983c 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 1 ...<=... STRIN\n-0003b870: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 G2. STR\n-0003b880: 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 ING1 is lexicogr\n-0003b890: 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 7373 206f aphically less o\n-0003b8a0: 7220 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e 2053 5452 r equal than STR\n-0003b8b0: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 ING2. STRING\n-0003b8c0: 3120 e280 983e e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 1 ...>... STRING\n-0003b8d0: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 2. STRI\n-0003b8e0: 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 NG1 is lexicogra\n-0003b8f0: 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 6572 phically greater\n-0003b900: 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 than STRING2. \n-0003b910: 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3e3d STRING1 ...>=\n-0003b920: e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 ... STRING2. \n-0003b930: 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 STRING1 is\n-0003b940: 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c lexicographical\n-0003b950: 6c79 2067 7265 6174 6572 206f 7220 6571 ly greater or eq\n-0003b960: 7561 6c20 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 ual than STRING2\n-0003b970: 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 . INTEGER1 .\n-0003b980: 8098 2d65 71e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ..-eq... INTEGER\n-0003b990: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 2. INTE\n-0003b9a0: 4745 5231 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f GER1 is equal to\n-0003b9b0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 INTEGER2. I\n-0003b9c0: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6765 e280 NTEGER1 ...-ge..\n-0003b9d0: 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 . INTEGER2. \n-0003b9e0: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 INTEGER1 is\n-0003b9f0: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 greater than or\n-0003ba00: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 equal to INTEGE\n-0003ba10: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 R2. INTEGER1\n-0003ba20: 20e2 8098 2d67 74e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 ...-gt... INTEG\n-0003ba30: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e ER2. IN\n-0003ba40: 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 TEGER1 is greate\n-0003ba50: 7220 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a r than INTEGER2.\n-0003ba60: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 INTEGER1 ..\n-0003ba70: 982d 6c65 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 .-le... INTEGER2\n-0003ba80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 . INTEG\n-0003ba90: 4552 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e ER1 is less than\n-0003baa0: 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 or equal to INT\n-0003bab0: 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 EGER2. INTEG\n-0003bac0: 4552 3120 e280 982d 6c74 e280 9920 494e ER1 ...-lt... IN\n-0003bad0: 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 TEGER2. \n-0003bae0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206c 6573 INTEGER1 is les\n-0003baf0: 7320 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a s than INTEGER2.\n-0003bb00: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 INTEGER1 ..\n-0003bb10: 982d 6e65 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 .-ne... INTEGER2\n-0003bb20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 . INTEG\n-0003bb30: 4552 3120 6973 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c ER1 is not equal\n-0003bb40: 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 to INTEGER2. \n-0003bb50: 2020 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 5231 PREFIXINTEGER1\n-0003bb60: 20e2 8098 2d70 6774 e280 9920 5052 4546 ...-pgt... PREF\n-0003bb70: 4958 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 IXINTEGER2. \n-0003bb80: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 INTEGER1 is\n-0003bb90: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 494e greater than IN\n-0003bba0: 5445 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 TEGER2 after str\n-0003bbb0: 6970 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f ipping off commo\n-0003bbc0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d n. non-\n-0003bbd0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a numeric PREFIX..\n-0003bbe0: 2020 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 PREFIXINTEG\n-0003bbf0: 4552 3120 e280 982d 706c 74e2 8099 2050 ER1 ...-plt... P\n-0003bc00: 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 REFIXINTEGER2. \n-0003bc10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 INTEGER1\n-0003bc20: 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 494e is less than IN\n-0003bc30: 5445 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 TEGER2 after str\n-0003bc40: 6970 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f ipping off commo\n-0003bc50: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d n. non-\n-0003bc60: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a numeric PREFIX..\n-0003bc70: 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 20e2 8098 2d6e FILE1 ...-n\n-0003bc80: 74e2 8099 2046 494c 4532 0a20 2020 2020 t... FILE2. \n-0003bc90: 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 2069 7320 6e65 FILE1 is ne\n-0003bca0: 7765 7220 7468 616e 2046 494c 4532 2028 wer than FILE2 (\n-0003bcb0: 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d modification tim\n-0003bcc0: 6529 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a e). Optionally.\n-0003bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 numeri\n-0003bce0: 6320 4249 4153 206d 6179 2062 6520 6469 c BIAS may be di\n-0003bcf0: 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 rectly appended \n-0003bd00: 746f 20e2 8098 2d6e 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 to ...-nt... in \n-0003bd10: 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 which case. \n-0003bd20: 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 6464 6564 it is added\n-0003bd30: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6669 to the first fi\n-0003bd40: 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 le modification \n-0003bd50: 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 time.. FILE1\n-0003bd60: 20e2 8098 2d6f 74e2 8099 2046 494c 4532 ...-ot... FILE2\n-0003bd70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 . FILE1\n-0003bd80: 2069 7320 6f6c 6465 7220 7468 616e 2046 is older than F\n-0003bd90: 494c 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 ILE2 (modificati\n-0003bda0: 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 696f on time). Optio\n-0003bdb0: 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nally. \n-0003bdc0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d 6179 numeric BIAS may\n-0003bdd0: 2062 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7070 be directly app\n-0003bde0: 656e 6465 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6f 74e2 ended to ...-ot.\n-0003bdf0: 8099 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 .. in which case\n-0003be00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 . it is\n-0003be10: 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 added to the fi\n-0003be20: 7273 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 rst file modific\n-0003be30: 6174 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 ation time.. \n-0003be40: 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 ...-d... FILE. \n-0003be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 FILE ex\n-0003be60: 6973 7473 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6120 6469 ists and is a di\n-0003be70: 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 rectory. ...\n-0003be80: 2d65 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 -e... FILE. \n-0003be90: 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 FILE exists\n-0003bea0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 66e2 8099 2046 . ...-f... F\n-0003beb0: 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 ILE. FI\n-0003bec0: 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6973 LE exists and is\n-0003bed0: 206e 6f74 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 not a directory\n-0003bee0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2046 . ...-s... F\n-0003bef0: 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 ILE. FI\n-0003bf00: 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6861 LE exists and ha\n-0003bf10: 7320 6120 7369 7a65 2067 7265 6174 6572 s a size greater\n-0003bf20: 2074 6861 6e20 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 than zero. \n-0003bf30: e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2053 5452 494e 470a ...-n... STRING.\n-0003bf40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c65 the le\n-0003bf50: 6e67 7468 206f 6620 5354 5249 4e47 2069 ngth of STRING i\n-0003bf60: 7320 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 2053 s nonzero. S\n-0003bf70: 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 TRING. \n-0003bf80: 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 STRING is equiva\n-0003bf90: 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6e20 5354 lent to ...-n ST\n-0003bfa0: 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 RING.... ...\n-0003bfb0: 2d7a e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 -z... STRING. \n-0003bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 the lengt\n-0003bfd0: 6820 6f66 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 207a h of STRING is z\n-0003bfe0: 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 ero. ...(...\n-0003bff0: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 e280 9829 EXPRESSION ...)\n-0003c000: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4558 .... EX\n-0003c010: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 7472 7565 PRESSION is true\n-0003c020: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9821 e280 9920 4558 . ...!... EX\n-0003c030: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 PRESSION. \n-0003c040: 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 6973 EXPRESSION is\n-0003c050: 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 false. EXPR\n-0003c060: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 61e2 8099 ESSION1 ...-a...\n-0003c070: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 EXPRESSION2. \n-0003c080: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 5052 both EXPR\n-0003c090: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 5052 ESSION1 and EXPR\n-0003c0a0: 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 7565 ESSION2 are true\n-0003c0b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e . EXPRESSION\n-0003c0c0: 3120 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 1 EXPRESSION2. \n-0003c0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 5850 both EXP\n-0003c0e0: 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 5850 RESSION1 and EXP\n-0003c0f0: 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 7275 RESSION2 are tru\n-0003c100: 652e 2020 5468 6973 2073 796e 7461 7820 e. This syntax \n-0003c110: 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 is not. \n-0003c120: 2050 4f53 4958 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 POSIX-compliant\n-0003c130: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f and is not reco\n-0003c140: 6d6d 656e 6465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4558 mmended.. EX\n-0003c150: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 6fe2 PRESSION1 ...-o.\n-0003c160: 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 .. EXPRESSION2. \n-0003c170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 either \n-0003c180: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 EXPRESSION1 or E\n-0003c190: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2069 7320 7472 XPRESSION2 is tr\n-0003c1a0: 7565 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ue....File: grub\n-0003c1b0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 .info, Node: tr\n-0003c1c0: 7565 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 7374 ue, Next: trust\n-0003c1d0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6573 742c 2020 , Prev: test, \n-0003c1e0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0003c1f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0003c200: 3735 2074 7275 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 75 true.--------\n-0003c210: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003c220: 643a 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 d: true. Do \n-0003c230: 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 nothing, success\n-0003c240: 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 fully. This is \n-0003c250: 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e mainly useful in\n-0003c260: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f control. co\n-0003c270: 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 nstructs such as\n-0003c280: 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ...if... and ..\n-0003c290: 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 .while... (*note\n-0003c2a0: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n-0003c2b0: 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c pting::).....Fil\n-0003c2c0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003c2d0: 6f64 653a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 ode: trust, Nex\n-0003c2e0: 743a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: unset, Prev:\n-0003c2f0: 2074 7275 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d true, Up: Comm\n-0003c300: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0003c310: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3736 2074 7275 7374 s..17.4.76 trust\n-0003c320: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n-0003c330: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 -- Command: tru\n-0003c340: 7374 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 st [--skip-sig] \n-0003c350: 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 650a 2020 2020 pubkey_file. \n-0003c360: 2052 6561 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 Read public key\n-0003c370: 2066 726f 6d20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c from PUBKEY_FIL\n-0003c380: 4520 616e 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f20 E and add it to \n-0003c390: 4752 5542 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c20 GRUB's internal \n-0003c3a0: 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 7275 list. of tru\n-0003c3b0: 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 sted public keys\n-0003c3c0: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 . These keys ar\n-0003c3d0: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 e used to valida\n-0003c3e0: 7465 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 te digital. \n-0003c3f0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2077 6865 6e20 signatures when \n-0003c400: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0003c410: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 able ...check_si\n-0003c420: 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 gnatures... is s\n-0003c430: 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e et to. ...en\n-0003c440: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 force.... Note \n-0003c450: 7468 6174 2069 6620 e280 9863 6865 636b that if ...check\n-0003c460: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 _signatures... i\n-0003c470: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f s set to ...enfo\n-0003c480: 7263 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e rce.... when\n-0003c490: 20e2 8098 7472 7573 74e2 8099 2065 7865 ...trust... exe\n-0003c4a0: 6375 7465 732c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b cutes, then PUBK\n-0003c4b0: 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 EY_FILE must its\n-0003c4c0: 656c 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 790a elf be properly.\n-0003c4d0: 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 signed. Th\n-0003c4e0: 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 e ...--skip-sig.\n-0003c4f0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 .. option can be\n-0003c500: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 used to disable\n-0003c510: 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 652d . signature-\n-0003c520: 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7265 checking when re\n-0003c530: 6164 696e 6720 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c ading PUBKEY_FIL\n-0003c540: 4520 6974 7365 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 6973 E itself. It is\n-0003c550: 2065 7870 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 expected. t\n-0003c560: 6861 7420 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 hat ...--skip-si\n-0003c570: 67e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2066 g... is useful f\n-0003c580: 6f72 2074 6573 7469 6e67 2061 6e64 206d or testing and m\n-0003c590: 616e 7561 6c20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 anual booting. \n-0003c5a0: 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2055 7369 6e67 *Note. Using\n-0003c5b0: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n-0003c5c0: 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 res::, for more \n-0003c5d0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n-0003c5e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003c5f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 Node: unset, \n-0003c600: 4e65 7874 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 Next: verify_det\n-0003c610: 6163 6865 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7472 ached, Prev: tr\n-0003c620: 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ust, Up: Comman\n-0003c630: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0003c640: 0a31 372e 342e 3737 2075 6e73 6574 0a2d .17.4.77 unset.-\n-0003c650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003c660: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2075 6e73 6574 - Command: unset\n-0003c670: 2065 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 2055 6e73 envvar. Uns\n-0003c680: 6574 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 et the environme\n-0003c690: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 nt variable ENVV\n-0003c6a0: 4152 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 AR.....File: gru\n-0003c6b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 b.info, Node: v\n-0003c6c0: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 erify_detached, \n-0003c6d0: 204e 6578 743a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f Next: videoinfo\n-0003c6e0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 , Prev: unset, \n-0003c6f0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0003c700: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0003c710: 2e37 3820 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 .78 verify_detac\n-0003c720: 6865 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hed.------------\n-0003c730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003c740: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 7269 6679 Command: verify\n-0003c750: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 _detached [--ski\n-0003c760: 702d 7369 675d 2066 696c 6520 7369 676e p-sig] file sign\n-0003c770: 6174 7572 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 ature_file. \n-0003c780: 2020 2020 205b 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c [pubkey_fil\n-0003c790: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7269 6669 6573 e]. Verifies\n-0003c7a0: 2061 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 a GPG-style det\n-0003c7b0: 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 652c ached signature,\n-0003c7c0: 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e65 where the signe\n-0003c7d0: 6420 6669 6c65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2046 d file is. F\n-0003c7e0: 494c 452c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6967 ILE, and the sig\n-0003c7f0: 6e61 7475 7265 2069 7473 656c 6620 6973 nature itself is\n-0003c800: 2069 6e20 6669 6c65 2053 4947 4e41 5455 in file SIGNATU\n-0003c810: 5245 5f46 494c 452e 0a20 2020 2020 4f70 RE_FILE.. Op\n-0003c820: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 7370 6563 tionally, a spec\n-0003c830: 6966 6963 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 ific public key \n-0003c840: 746f 2075 7365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 to use can be sp\n-0003c850: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 ecified using. \n-0003c860: 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2e20 PUBKEY_FILE. \n-0003c870: 2057 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e When environmen\n-0003c880: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 t variable ...ch\n-0003c890: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n-0003c8a0: 9920 6973 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 746f . is set. to\n-0003c8b0: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 ...enforce..., \n-0003c8c0: 7468 656e 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 then PUBKEY_FILE\n-0003c8d0: 206d 7573 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 must itself be \n-0003c8e0: 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 properly signed \n-0003c8f0: 6279 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c72 6561 by an. alrea\n-0003c900: 6479 2d74 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 2e20 dy-trusted key. \n-0003c910: 2041 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2050 5542 An unsigned PUB\n-0003c920: 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2063 616e 2062 6520 KEY_FILE can be \n-0003c930: 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 loaded by. s\n-0003c940: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d73 pecifying ...--s\n-0003c950: 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 kip-sig.... If \n-0003c960: 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6973 206f PUBKEY_FILE is o\n-0003c970: 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7562 mitted, then pub\n-0003c980: 6c69 630a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 6672 lic. keys fr\n-0003c990: 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 7320 7472 7573 7465 om GRUB's truste\n-0003c9a0: 6420 6b65 7973 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 d keys (*note li\n-0003c9b0: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e st_trusted::, *n\n-0003c9c0: 6f74 6520 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 ote trust::,. \n-0003c9d0: 2020 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 and *note dist\n-0003c9e0: 7275 7374 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 7472 6965 rust::) are trie\n-0003c9f0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 636f d... Exit co\n-0003ca00: 6465 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 de ...$?... is s\n-0003ca10: 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 6865 2073 et to 0 if the s\n-0003ca20: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2076 616c 6964 6174 ignature validat\n-0003ca30: 6573 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e es successfully.\n-0003ca40: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 . If validat\n-0003ca50: 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2069 7420 6973 ion fails, it is\n-0003ca60: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 set to a non-ze\n-0003ca70: 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 ro value. *Note\n-0003ca80: 2055 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6769 Using. digi\n-0003ca90: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a tal signatures::\n-0003caa0: 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 , for more infor\n-0003cab0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mation.....File:\n-0003cac0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003cad0: 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: videoinfo, N\n-0003cae0: 6578 743a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 ext: wrmsr, Pre\n-0003caf0: 763a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 v: verify_detach\n-0003cb00: 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ed, Up: Command\n-0003cb10: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0003cb20: 3137 2e34 2e37 3920 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 17.4.79 videoinf\n-0003cb30: 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d o.--------------\n-0003cb40: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003cb50: 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f20 5b5b 5778 : videoinfo [[Wx\n-0003cb60: 485d 7844 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 H]xD]. List \n-0003cb70: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 available video \n-0003cb80: 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c modes. If resol\n-0003cb90: 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 ution is given, \n-0003cba0: 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 206d show only. m\n-0003cbb0: 6174 6368 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 732e 0a0a atching modes...\n-0003cbc0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003cbd0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 722c o, Node: wrmsr,\n-0003cbe0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 Prev: videoinf\n-0003cbf0: 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d o, Up: Command-\n-0003cc00: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0003cc10: 372e 342e 3830 2077 726d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.80 wrmsr.---\n-0003cc20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003cc30: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7772 6d73 7220 Command:: wrmsr \n-0003cc40: 3078 4144 4452 2030 7856 414c 5545 0a20 0xADDR 0xVALUE. \n-0003cc50: 2020 2020 5772 6974 6520 6120 3078 5641 Write a 0xVA\n-0003cc60: 4c55 4520 746f 2061 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 LUE to a model-s\n-0003cc70: 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 pecific register\n-0003cc80: 2061 7420 6164 6472 6573 7320 3078 4144 at address 0xAD\n-0003cc90: 4452 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 DR... Please\n-0003cca0: 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d note that on SM\n-0003ccb0: 5020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2077 7269 7469 P systems, writi\n-0003ccc0: 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 ng to a MSR that\n-0003ccd0: 2068 6173 2061 2073 636f 7065 0a20 2020 has a scope. \n-0003cce0: 2020 7065 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 per hardware t\n-0003ccf0: 6872 6561 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 hread, implies t\n-0003cd00: 6861 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 hat the value th\n-0003cd10: 6174 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6f6e at is written on\n-0003cd20: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6170 706c 6965 7320 ly. applies \n-0003cd30: 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 to the particula\n-0003cd40: 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 r cpu/core/threa\n-0003cd50: 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 6520 d that runs the \n-0003cd60: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 command... A\n-0003cd70: 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 lso, if you spec\n-0003cd80: 6966 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 6564 206f ify a reserved o\n-0003cd90: 7220 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 r unimplemented \n-0003cda0: 4d53 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 740a MSR address, it.\n-0003cdb0: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7573 6520 will cause \n-0003cdc0: 6120 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 a general protec\n-0003cdd0: 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 tion exception (\n-0003cde0: 7768 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 2063 7572 which is not cur\n-0003cdf0: 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e rently. bein\n-0003ce00: 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 2074 g handled) and t\n-0003ce10: 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 he system will r\n-0003ce20: 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 eboot... Not\n-0003ce30: 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 e: The command i\n-0003ce40: 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 s not allowed wh\n-0003ce50: 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 en lockdown is e\n-0003ce60: 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 nforced (*note. \n-0003ce70: 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e Lockdown::).\n-0003ce80: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 This is done t\n-0003ce90: 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 o prevent subver\n-0003cea0: 7469 6e67 2076 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 ting various sec\n-0003ceb0: 7572 6974 790a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 urity. mecha\n-0003cec0: 6e69 736d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 nisms.....File: \n-0003ced0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003cee0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003cef0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 556e mands, Next: Un\n-0003cf00: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 documented comma\n-0003cf10: 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d nds, Prev: Comm\n-0003cf20: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0003cf30: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 s, Up: Commands\n-0003cf40: 0a0a 3137 2e35 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e ..17.5 Networkin\n-0003cf50: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d g commands.=====\n+00039c40: 2020 2020 2052 6967 6874 0a0a 2020 2020 Right.. \n+00039c50: 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6b65 7973 As well as keys\n+00039c60: 7472 6f6b 6573 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9873 trokes, the ...s\n+00039c70: 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e endkey... comman\n+00039c80: 6420 7461 6b65 7320 7661 7269 6f75 7320 d takes various \n+00039c90: 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 options. tha\n+00039ca0: 7420 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 2042 494f t affect the BIO\n+00039cb0: 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7461 7475 S keyboard statu\n+00039cc0: 7320 666c 6167 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 s flags. These \n+00039cd0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7461 6b65 2061 6e0a options take an.\n+00039ce0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f6e e280 9920 6f72 ...on... or\n+00039cf0: 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2070 6172 616d ...off... param\n+00039d00: 6574 6572 2c20 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 eter, specifying\n+00039d10: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 that the corres\n+00039d20: 706f 6e64 696e 6720 7374 6174 7573 0a20 ponding status. \n+00039d30: 2020 2020 666c 6167 2062 6520 7365 7420 flag be set \n+00039d40: 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 3b20 6f6d 6974 7469 or unset; omitti\n+00039d50: 6e67 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 666f ng the option fo\n+00039d60: 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 7374 6174 7573 r a given status\n+00039d70: 2066 6c61 670a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 flag. will \n+00039d80: 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6174 2066 6c61 6720 leave that flag \n+00039d90: 6174 2069 7473 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2073 at its initial s\n+00039da0: 7461 7465 2061 7420 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 tate at boot. T\n+00039db0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 6de2 8099 2c0a he ...--num...,.\n+00039dc0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 e280 ...--caps..\n+00039dd0: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c e280 ., ...--scroll..\n+00039de0: 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 ., and ...--inse\n+00039df0: 7274 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d rt... options em\n+00039e00: 756c 6174 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 ulate setting th\n+00039e10: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e e. correspon\n+00039e20: 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 652c 2077 6869 6c65 ding mode, while\n+00039e30: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 the ...--numkey\n+00039e40: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 ..., ...--capske\n+00039e50: 79e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d y...,. ...--\n+00039e60: 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 79e2 8099 2c20 616e scrollkey..., an\n+00039e70: 6420 e280 982d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 d ...--insertkey\n+00039e80: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c ... options emul\n+00039e90: 6174 6520 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 6e64 ate pressing and\n+00039ea0: 0a20 2020 2020 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 . holding th\n+00039eb0: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e corresponding \n+00039ec0: 6b65 792e 2020 5468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 key. The other \n+00039ed0: 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 status flag opti\n+00039ee0: 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 656c ons are. sel\n+00039ef0: 662d 6578 706c 616e 6174 6f72 792e 0a0a f-explanatory...\n+00039f00: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d If the ...-\n+00039f10: 2d6e 6f2d 6c65 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f -no-led... optio\n+00039f20: 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 6520 n is given, the \n+00039f30: 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 status flag opti\n+00039f40: 6f6e 7320 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6861 ons will. ha\n+00039f50: 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 206f 6e20 ve no effect on \n+00039f60: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 204c 4544 732e 0a0a keyboard LEDs...\n+00039f70: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 9873 If the ...s\n+00039f80: 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e endkey... comman\n+00039f90: 6420 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 756c 7469 d is given multi\n+00039fa0: 706c 6520 7469 6d65 732c 2074 6865 6e20 ple times, then \n+00039fb0: 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 only the. la\n+00039fc0: 7374 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6861 st invocation ha\n+00039fd0: 7320 616e 7920 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 s any effect... \n+00039fe0: 2020 2020 5369 6e63 6520 e280 9873 656e Since ...sen\n+00039ff0: 646b 6579 e280 9920 6d61 6e69 7075 6c61 dkey... manipula\n+0003a000: 7465 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 tes the BIOS key\n+0003a010: 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2c20 6974 board buffer, it\n+0003a020: 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 0a20 2020 2020 may cause. \n+0003a030: 6861 6e67 732c 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c20 hangs, reboots, \n+0003a040: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 206d 6973 6265 6861 or other misbeha\n+0003a050: 7669 6f75 7220 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 viour on some sy\n+0003a060: 7374 656d 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 stems. If the. \n+0003a070: 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 operating sy\n+0003a080: 7374 656d 206f 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 stem or boot loa\n+0003a090: 6465 7220 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 6166 der that runs af\n+0003a0a0: 7465 7220 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6974 ter GRUB uses it\n+0003a0b0: 7320 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f s own. keybo\n+0003a0c0: 6172 6420 6472 6976 6572 2072 6174 6865 ard driver rathe\n+0003a0d0: 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 r than the BIOS \n+0003a0e0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2066 756e 6374 696f keyboard functio\n+0003a0f0: 6e73 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ns, then. ..\n+0003a100: 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 7769 6c6c .sendkey... will\n+0003a110: 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e have no effect.\n+0003a120: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n+0003a130: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 and is only avai\n+0003a140: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 lable on PC BIOS\n+0003a150: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c systems.....Fil\n+0003a160: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003a170: 6f64 653a 2073 6574 2c20 204e 6578 743a ode: set, Next:\n+0003a180: 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a sha1sum, Prev:\n+0003a190: 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2055 703a 2043 sendkey, Up: C\n+0003a1a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0003a1b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3720 7365 ands..17.4.67 se\n+0003a1c0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 t.-----------.. \n+0003a1d0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 -- Command: set \n+0003a1e0: 5b65 6e76 7661 723d 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 [envvar=value]. \n+0003a1f0: 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 Set the envi\n+0003a200: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0003a210: 2045 4e56 5641 5220 746f 2056 414c 5545 ENVVAR to VALUE\n+0003a220: 2e20 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 . If invoked wi\n+0003a230: 7468 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d th no. argum\n+0003a240: 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 ents, print all \n+0003a250: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0003a260: 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 ables with their\n+0003a270: 2076 616c 7565 732e 2020 466f 720a 2020 values. For. \n+0003a280: 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2065 the list of e\n+0003a290: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0003a2a0: 626c 6573 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 bles currently u\n+0003a2b0: 7365 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 sed by GRUB itse\n+0003a2c0: 6c66 2073 6565 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 lf see. the \n+0003a2d0: 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2073 6563 7469 6f6e relevant section\n+0003a2e0: 202a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 *note Environme\n+0003a2f0: 6e74 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nt::.....File: g\n+0003a300: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003a310: 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a sha1sum, Next:\n+0003a320: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2050 7265 sha256sum, Pre\n+0003a330: 763a 2073 6574 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d v: set, Up: Com\n+0003a340: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0003a350: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3820 7368 6131 ds..17.4.68 sha1\n+0003a360: 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sum.------------\n+0003a370: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003a380: 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e : sha1sum arg ..\n+0003a390: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 .. Alias for\n+0003a3a0: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 ...hashsum --ha\n+0003a3b0: 7368 2073 6861 3120 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 sh sha1 arg ....\n+0003a3c0: 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ... See command\n+0003a3d0: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 ...hashsum.... \n+0003a3e0: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 (*note hashs\n+0003a3f0: 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 um::) for full d\n+0003a400: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 escription.....F\n+0003a410: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003a420: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d Node: sha256sum\n+0003a430: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3531 3273 , Next: sha512s\n+0003a440: 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3173 um, Prev: sha1s\n+0003a450: 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 um, Up: Command\n+0003a460: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0003a470: 3137 2e34 2e36 3920 7368 6132 3536 7375 17.4.69 sha256su\n+0003a480: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n+0003a490: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003a4a0: 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d20 6172 6720 : sha256sum arg \n+0003a4b0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 .... Alias f\n+0003a4c0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d or ...hashsum --\n+0003a4d0: 6861 7368 2073 6861 3235 3620 6172 6720 hash sha256 arg \n+0003a4e0: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d ....... See com\n+0003a4f0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 mand ...hashsum.\n+0003a500: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 ... (*note h\n+0003a510: 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 ashsum::) for fu\n+0003a520: 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a ll description..\n+0003a530: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003a540: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3531 fo, Node: sha51\n+0003a550: 3273 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6c65 2sum, Next: sle\n+0003a560: 6570 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3235 ep, Prev: sha25\n+0003a570: 3673 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6sum, Up: Comma\n+0003a580: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0003a590: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3020 7368 6135 3132 ..17.4.70 sha512\n+0003a5a0: 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sum.------------\n+0003a5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003a5c0: 6e64 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d20 6172 nd: sha512sum ar\n+0003a5d0: 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 g .... Alias\n+0003a5e0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 for ...hashsum \n+0003a5f0: 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3531 3220 6172 --hash sha512 ar\n+0003a600: 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 g ....... See c\n+0003a610: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 ommand ...hashsu\n+0003a620: 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 m.... (*note\n+0003a630: 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 hashsum::) for \n+0003a640: 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e full description\n+0003a650: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003a660: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 info, Node: sle\n+0003a670: 6570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6d62 696f ep, Next: smbio\n+0003a680: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6135 3132 s, Prev: sha512\n+0003a690: 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e sum, Up: Comman\n+0003a6a0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0003a6b0: 0a31 372e 342e 3731 2073 6c65 6570 0a2d .17.4.71 sleep.-\n+0003a6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003a6d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6c65 6570 - Command: sleep\n+0003a6e0: 205b 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 655d 205b 2d2d [--verbose] [--\n+0003a6f0: 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 626c 655d 2063 interruptible] c\n+0003a700: 6f75 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 536c 6565 7020 ount. Sleep \n+0003a710: 666f 7220 434f 554e 5420 7365 636f 6e64 for COUNT second\n+0003a720: 732e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 s. If option ..\n+0003a730: 982d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 .--interruptible\n+0003a740: e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c0a 2020 ... is given,. \n+0003a750: 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 7265 7373 696e allow pressin\n+0003a760: 6720 3c45 5343 3e2c 203c 4634 3e20 6f72 g , or\n+0003a770: 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 2064 6f77 6e20 3c53 holding down to interru\n+0003a790: 7074 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 pt. sleep. \n+0003a7a0: 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 With ...--verbos\n+0003a7b0: 65e2 8099 2073 686f 7720 636f 756e 7464 e... show countd\n+0003a7c0: 6f77 6e20 6f66 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 own of remaining\n+0003a7d0: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 2045 7869 740a seconds. Exit.\n+0003a7e0: 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 6574 code is set\n+0003a7f0: 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 to 0 if timeout\n+0003a800: 2065 7870 6972 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 expired and to \n+0003a810: 3120 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 2077 6173 1 if timeout was\n+0003a820: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7272 7570 7465 . interrupte\n+0003a830: 6420 7573 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f66 2074 d using any of t\n+0003a840: 6865 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 206b 6579 he mentioned key\n+0003a850: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0003a860: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d .info, Node: sm\n+0003a870: 6269 6f73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6f75 bios, Next: sou\n+0003a880: 7263 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736c 6565 rce, Prev: slee\n+0003a890: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d p, Up: Command-\n+0003a8a0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0003a8b0: 372e 342e 3732 2073 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 7.4.72 smbios.--\n+0003a8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003a8d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6d62 696f - Command: smbio\n+0003a8e0: 7320 5b2d 2d74 7970 6520 5459 5045 5d20 s [--type TYPE] \n+0003a8f0: 5b2d 2d68 616e 646c 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 [--handle HANDLE\n+0003a900: 5d20 5b2d 2d6d 6174 6368 204d 4154 4348 ] [--match MATCH\n+0003a910: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282d 2d67 ]. (--g\n+0003a920: 6574 2d62 7974 6520 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d et-byte | --get-\n+0003a930: 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f word | --get-dwo\n+0003a940: 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 rd | --get-qword\n+0003a950: 207c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d67 |. --g\n+0003a960: 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 et-string | --ge\n+0003a970: 742d 7575 6964 2920 4f46 4653 4554 205b t-uuid) OFFSET [\n+0003a980: 2d2d 7365 7420 5641 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a --set VARIABLE].\n+0003a990: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d Retrieve SM\n+0003a9a0: 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e BIOS information\n+0003a9b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 ... The ...s\n+0003a9c0: 6d62 696f 73e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 mbios... command\n+0003a9d0: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 6865 2076 616c returns the val\n+0003a9e0: 7565 206f 6620 6120 6669 656c 6420 696e ue of a field in\n+0003a9f0: 2061 6e20 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 an SMBIOS. \n+0003aa00: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 5468 6520 structure. The \n+0003aa10: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n+0003aa20: 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 s determine whic\n+0003aa30: 6820 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f 0a20 h structure to. \n+0003aa40: 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 select... \n+0003aa50: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 ... Specify\n+0003aa60: 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d74 7970 65e2 8099 ing ...--type...\n+0003aa70: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 will select str\n+0003aa80: 7563 7475 7265 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d uctures with a m\n+0003aa90: 6174 6368 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 atching. \n+0003aaa0: 2020 5459 5045 2e20 2054 6865 2074 7970 TYPE. The typ\n+0003aab0: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 e can be any int\n+0003aac0: 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2032 eger from 0 to 2\n+0003aad0: 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 55.. ... \n+0003aae0: 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d Specifying ...--\n+0003aaf0: 6861 6e64 6c65 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 handle... will s\n+0003ab00: 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 elect structures\n+0003ab10: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 with a matching\n+0003ab20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 414e 444c . HANDL\n+0003ab30: 452e 2020 5468 6520 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 E. The handle c\n+0003ab40: 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 an be any intege\n+0003ab50: 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 3635 3533 r from 0 to 6553\n+0003ab60: 352e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 5.. ... S\n+0003ab70: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d6d pecifying ...--m\n+0003ab80: 6174 6368 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c atch... will sel\n+0003ab90: 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 6e75 ect structure nu\n+0003aba0: 6d62 6572 204d 4154 4348 2069 6e20 7468 mber MATCH in th\n+0003abb0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c74 e. filt\n+0003abc0: 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7472 ered list of str\n+0003abd0: 7563 7475 7265 733b 2065 2e67 2e20 20e2 uctures; e.g. .\n+0003abe0: 8098 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 ..smbios --type \n+0003abf0: 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 32e2 8099 0a20 4 --match 2.... \n+0003ac00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7365 will se\n+0003ac10: 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 lect the second \n+0003ac20: 5072 6f63 6573 7320 496e 666f 726d 6174 Process Informat\n+0003ac30: 696f 6e20 2854 7970 6520 3429 2073 7472 ion (Type 4) str\n+0003ac40: 7563 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ucture.. \n+0003ac50: 2020 5468 6520 6c69 7374 2069 7320 616c The list is al\n+0003ac60: 7761 7973 206f 7264 6572 6564 2074 6865 ways ordered the\n+0003ac70: 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 2068 6172 same as the har\n+0003ac80: 6477 6172 6527 7320 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 dware's SMBIOS. \n+0003ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 table. \n+0003aca0: 2054 6865 206d 6174 6368 206e 756d 6265 The match numbe\n+0003acb0: 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 706f 7369 r must be a posi\n+0003acc0: 7469 7665 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e20 2049 tive integer. I\n+0003acd0: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7370 f. unsp\n+0003ace0: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 2066 6972 ecified, the fir\n+0003acf0: 7374 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 7374 7275 st matching stru\n+0003ad00: 6374 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 cture will be se\n+0003ad10: 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 lected... Th\n+0003ad20: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e remaining opti\n+0003ad30: 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 ons determine wh\n+0003ad40: 6963 6820 6669 656c 6420 696e 2074 6865 ich field in the\n+0003ad50: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 selected SMBIOS\n+0003ad60: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 . structure \n+0003ad70: 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e2e 2020 4f6e 6c79 to return. Only\n+0003ad80: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 one of these op\n+0003ad90: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 tions may be spe\n+0003ada0: 6369 6669 6564 2061 740a 2020 2020 2061 cified at. a\n+0003adb0: 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 time... \n+0003adc0: e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 ... When given .\n+0003add0: 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 e280 992c ..--get-byte...,\n+0003ade0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 return the valu\n+0003adf0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2062 7974 6520 6174 e of the byte at\n+0003ae00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 204f 4646 5345 . OFFSE\n+0003ae10: 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 T bytes into the\n+0003ae20: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 selected SMBIOS\n+0003ae30: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 7420 structure. It \n+0003ae40: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n+0003ae50: 2020 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 formatted as a\n+0003ae60: 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d n unsigned decim\n+0003ae70: 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 al integer.. \n+0003ae80: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 ... When giv\n+0003ae90: 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 en ...--get-word\n+0003aea0: e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 ..., return the \n+0003aeb0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2077 6f72 value of the wor\n+0003aec0: 6420 2874 776f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d (two. \n+0003aed0: 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 bytes) at OFFSE\n+0003aee0: 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 T bytes into the\n+0003aef0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 selected SMBIOS\n+0003af00: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a structure. It.\n+0003af10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 will b\n+0003af20: 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 e formatted as a\n+0003af30: 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d n unsigned decim\n+0003af40: 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 al integer.. \n+0003af50: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 ... When giv\n+0003af60: 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 6f72 en ...--get-dwor\n+0003af70: 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 d..., return the\n+0003af80: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 6477 value of the dw\n+0003af90: 6f72 6420 2866 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2020 ord (four. \n+0003afa0: 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 bytes) at OF\n+0003afb0: 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 FSET bytes into \n+0003afc0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n+0003afd0: 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 IOS structure. \n+0003afe0: 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c It. wil\n+0003aff0: 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 l be formatted a\n+0003b000: 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 s an unsigned de\n+0003b010: 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 cimal integer.. \n+0003b020: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 ... When \n+0003b030: 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d71 given ...--get-q\n+0003b040: 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 word..., return \n+0003b050: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the value of the\n+0003b060: 2071 776f 7264 2028 6569 6768 740a 2020 qword (eight. \n+0003b070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 bytes) a\n+0003b080: 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 t OFFSET bytes i\n+0003b090: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 nto the selected\n+0003b0a0: 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 SMBIOS structur\n+0003b0b0: 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. It. \n+0003b0c0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 will be formatt\n+0003b0d0: 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 ed as an unsigne\n+0003b0e0: 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 d decimal intege\n+0003b0f0: 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 r.. ... W\n+0003b100: 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 hen given ...--g\n+0003b110: 6574 2d73 7472 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 7265 et-string..., re\n+0003b120: 7475 726e 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6720 turn the string \n+0003b130: 7769 7468 2069 7473 2069 6e64 6578 0a20 with its index. \n+0003b140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f75 6e64 2061 found a\n+0003b150: 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 t OFFSET bytes i\n+0003b160: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 nto the selected\n+0003b170: 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 SMBIOS structur\n+0003b180: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 e.. ... W\n+0003b190: 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 hen given ...--g\n+0003b1a0: 6574 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 et-uuid..., retu\n+0003b1b0: 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 rn the value of \n+0003b1c0: 7468 6520 5555 4944 2028 7369 7874 6565 the UUID (sixtee\n+0003b1d0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 n. byte\n+0003b1e0: 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 s) at OFFSET byt\n+0003b1f0: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 es into the sele\n+0003b200: 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 cted SMBIOS stru\n+0003b210: 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 cture. It. \n+0003b220: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 will be for\n+0003b230: 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 7765 722d matted as lower-\n+0003b240: 6361 7365 2068 7970 6865 6e61 7465 6420 case hyphenated \n+0003b250: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 hexadecimal digi\n+0003b260: 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 ts,. wi\n+0003b270: 7468 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6872 th the first thr\n+0003b280: 6565 2066 6965 6c64 7320 6173 206c 6974 ee fields as lit\n+0003b290: 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 2c20 616e 6420 tle-endian, and \n+0003b2a0: 7468 6520 7265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 the rest. \n+0003b2b0: 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7974 652d printed byte-\n+0003b2c0: 6279 2d62 7974 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 by-byte... T\n+0003b2d0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2061 6374 696f he default actio\n+0003b2e0: 6e20 6973 2074 6f20 7072 696e 7420 7468 n is to print th\n+0003b2f0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 e value of the r\n+0003b300: 6571 7565 7374 6564 2066 6965 6c64 2074 equested field t\n+0003b310: 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f o. the conso\n+0003b320: 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 le, but a variab\n+0003b330: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 le name can be s\n+0003b340: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 pecified with ..\n+0003b350: 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 .--set... to. \n+0003b360: 2020 7374 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7661 6c75 store the valu\n+0003b370: 6520 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2070 7269 e instead of pri\n+0003b380: 6e74 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 nting it... \n+0003b390: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 6869 For example, thi\n+0003b3a0: 7320 7769 6c6c 2073 746f 7265 2061 6e64 s will store and\n+0003b3b0: 2074 6865 6e20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 then display th\n+0003b3c0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 e system. ma\n+0003b3d0: 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 2773 206e 616d nufacturer's nam\n+0003b3e0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736d e... sm\n+0003b3f0: 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3120 2d2d bios --type 1 --\n+0003b400: 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 2034 202d 2d73 get-string 4 --s\n+0003b410: 6574 2073 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 et system_manufa\n+0003b420: 6374 7572 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cturer. \n+0003b430: 2065 6368 6f20 2473 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 echo $system_ma\n+0003b440: 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 0a0a 1f0a 4669 nufacturer....Fi\n+0003b450: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003b460: 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2c20 204e Node: source, N\n+0003b470: 6578 743a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 ext: test, Prev\n+0003b480: 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : smbios, Up: C\n+0003b490: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0003b4a0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3320 736f ands..17.4.73 so\n+0003b4b0: 7572 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d urce.-----------\n+0003b4c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003b4d0: 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2066 696c 650a 2020 : source file. \n+0003b4e0: 2020 2052 6561 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 Read FILE as \n+0003b4f0: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n+0003b500: 6669 6c65 2c20 6173 2069 6620 6974 7320 file, as if its \n+0003b510: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2068 6164 2062 6565 contents had bee\n+0003b520: 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 6f72 706f 7261 n. incorpora\n+0003b530: 7465 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 ted directly int\n+0003b540: 6f20 7468 6520 736f 7572 6369 6e67 2066 o the sourcing f\n+0003b550: 696c 652e 2020 556e 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 ile. Unlike ...\n+0003b560: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 990a 2020 configfile.... \n+0003b570: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 (*note config\n+0003b580: 6669 6c65 3a3a 292c 2074 6869 7320 6578 file::), this ex\n+0003b590: 6563 7574 6573 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 ecutes the conte\n+0003b5a0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2046 494c 4520 7769 7468 nts of FILE with\n+0003b5b0: 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e out. changin\n+0003b5c0: 6720 636f 6e74 6578 743a 2061 6e79 2065 g context: any e\n+0003b5d0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0003b5e0: 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 ble changes made\n+0003b5f0: 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d by the. com\n+0003b600: 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 mands in FILE wi\n+0003b610: 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 6573 6572 7665 6420 ll be preserved \n+0003b620: 6166 7465 7220 e280 9873 6f75 7263 65e2 after ...source.\n+0003b630: 8099 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 .. returns, and \n+0003b640: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 7769 the. menu wi\n+0003b650: 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e20 ll not be shown \n+0003b660: 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 0a0a 1f0a immediately.....\n+0003b670: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003b680: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 204e Node: test, N\n+0003b690: 6578 743a 2074 7275 652c 2020 5072 6576 ext: true, Prev\n+0003b6a0: 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : source, Up: C\n+0003b6b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0003b6c0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3420 7465 ands..17.4.74 te\n+0003b6d0: 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a st.------------.\n+0003b6e0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 . -- Command: te\n+0003b6f0: 7374 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 st expression. \n+0003b700: 2020 2045 7661 6c75 6174 6520 4558 5052 Evaluate EXPR\n+0003b710: 4553 5349 4f4e 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 ESSION and retur\n+0003b720: 6e20 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 n zero exit stat\n+0003b730: 7573 2069 6620 7265 7375 6c74 2069 7320 us if result is \n+0003b740: 7472 7565 2c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 207a true,. non z\n+0003b750: 6572 6f20 7374 6174 7573 206f 7468 6572 ero status other\n+0003b760: 7769 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 wise... EXPR\n+0003b770: 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 ESSION is one of\n+0003b780: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 :.. STRING1 \n+0003b790: e280 983d 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 ...==... STRING2\n+0003b7a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 . the s\n+0003b7b0: 7472 696e 6773 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c trings are equal\n+0003b7c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 . STRING1 ..\n+0003b7d0: 9821 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 .!=... STRING2. \n+0003b7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 the str\n+0003b7f0: 696e 6773 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2065 7175 ings are not equ\n+0003b800: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 al. STRING1 \n+0003b810: e280 983c e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a ...<... STRING2.\n+0003b820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 STRING\n+0003b830: 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 1 is lexicograph\n+0003b840: 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e ically less than\n+0003b850: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 STRING2. ST\n+0003b860: 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983c 3de2 8099 2053 RING1 ...<=... S\n+0003b870: 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 TRING2. \n+0003b880: 2053 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 STRING1 is lexi\n+0003b890: 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 cographically le\n+0003b8a0: 7373 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e ss or equal than\n+0003b8b0: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 STRING2. ST\n+0003b8c0: 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983e e280 9920 5354 RING1 ...>... ST\n+0003b8d0: 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 RING2. \n+0003b8e0: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 STRING1 is lexic\n+0003b8f0: 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 ographically gre\n+0003b900: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 ater than STRING\n+0003b910: 320a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 2. STRING1 .\n+0003b920: 8098 3e3d e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a ..>=... STRING2.\n+0003b930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 STRING\n+0003b940: 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 1 is lexicograph\n+0003b950: 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 6572 206f ically greater o\n+0003b960: 7220 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e 2053 5452 r equal than STR\n+0003b970: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 ING2. INTEGE\n+0003b980: 5231 20e2 8098 2d65 71e2 8099 2049 4e54 R1 ...-eq... INT\n+0003b990: 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 EGER2. \n+0003b9a0: 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6571 7561 INTEGER1 is equa\n+0003b9b0: 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 l to INTEGER2. \n+0003b9c0: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d INTEGER1 ...-\n+0003b9d0: 6765 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 ge... INTEGER2. \n+0003b9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n+0003b9f0: 3120 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 1 is greater tha\n+0003ba00: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e n or equal to IN\n+0003ba10: 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 TEGER2. INTE\n+0003ba20: 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d67 74e2 8099 2049 GER1 ...-gt... I\n+0003ba30: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTEGER2. \n+0003ba40: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 INTEGER1 is gr\n+0003ba50: 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 eater than INTEG\n+0003ba60: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ER2. INTEGER\n+0003ba70: 3120 e280 982d 6c65 e280 9920 494e 5445 1 ...-le... INTE\n+0003ba80: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 GER2. I\n+0003ba90: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 NTEGER1 is less \n+0003baa0: 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f than or equal to\n+0003bab0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 INTEGER2. I\n+0003bac0: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6c74 e280 NTEGER1 ...-lt..\n+0003bad0: 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 . INTEGER2. \n+0003bae0: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 INTEGER1 is\n+0003baf0: 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 less than INTEG\n+0003bb00: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ER2. INTEGER\n+0003bb10: 3120 e280 982d 6e65 e280 9920 494e 5445 1 ...-ne... INTE\n+0003bb20: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 GER2. I\n+0003bb30: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206e 6f74 2065 NTEGER1 is not e\n+0003bb40: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 qual to INTEGER2\n+0003bb50: 0a20 2020 2020 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 . PREFIXINTE\n+0003bb60: 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d70 6774 e280 9920 GER1 ...-pgt... \n+0003bb70: 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 PREFIXINTEGER2. \n+0003bb80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n+0003bb90: 3120 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 1 is greater tha\n+0003bba0: 6e20 494e 5445 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 n INTEGER2 after\n+0003bbb0: 2073 7472 6970 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 stripping off c\n+0003bbc0: 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ommon. \n+0003bbd0: 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 non-numeric PREF\n+0003bbe0: 4958 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 IX.. PREFIXI\n+0003bbf0: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 706c 74e2 NTEGER1 ...-plt.\n+0003bc00: 8099 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 .. PREFIXINTEGER\n+0003bc10: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 2. INTE\n+0003bc20: 4745 5231 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 GER1 is less tha\n+0003bc30: 6e20 494e 5445 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 n INTEGER2 after\n+0003bc40: 2073 7472 6970 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 stripping off c\n+0003bc50: 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ommon. \n+0003bc60: 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 non-numeric PREF\n+0003bc70: 4958 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 20e2 IX.. FILE1 .\n+0003bc80: 8098 2d6e 74e2 8099 2046 494c 4532 0a20 ..-nt... FILE2. \n+0003bc90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 2069 FILE1 i\n+0003bca0: 7320 6e65 7765 7220 7468 616e 2046 494c s newer than FIL\n+0003bcb0: 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e E2 (modification\n+0003bcc0: 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e61 time). Optiona\n+0003bcd0: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 lly. nu\n+0003bce0: 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d 6179 2062 meric BIAS may b\n+0003bcf0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7070 656e e directly appen\n+0003bd00: 6465 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6e 74e2 8099 ded to ...-nt...\n+0003bd10: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 in which case. \n+0003bd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 it is a\n+0003bd30: 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 dded to the firs\n+0003bd40: 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 t file modificat\n+0003bd50: 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 ion time.. F\n+0003bd60: 494c 4531 20e2 8098 2d6f 74e2 8099 2046 ILE1 ...-ot... F\n+0003bd70: 494c 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 ILE2. F\n+0003bd80: 494c 4531 2069 7320 6f6c 6465 7220 7468 ILE1 is older th\n+0003bd90: 616e 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 an FILE2 (modifi\n+0003bda0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f cation time). O\n+0003bdb0: 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 ptionally. \n+0003bdc0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 numeric BIAS\n+0003bdd0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 may be directly\n+0003bde0: 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 20e2 8098 appended to ...\n+0003bdf0: 2d6f 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 -ot... in which \n+0003be00: 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 case. i\n+0003be10: 7420 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 t is added to th\n+0003be20: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 e first file mod\n+0003be30: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a ification time..\n+0003be40: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 4649 ...-d... FI\n+0003be50: 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c LE. FIL\n+0003be60: 4520 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 2069 7320 E exists and is \n+0003be70: 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 a directory. \n+0003be80: 20e2 8098 2d65 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 ...-e... FILE. \n+0003be90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 FILE ex\n+0003bea0: 6973 7473 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 66e2 ists. ...-f.\n+0003beb0: 8099 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. FILE. \n+0003bec0: 2020 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e FILE exists an\n+0003bed0: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2064 6972 6563 d is not a direc\n+0003bee0: 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 73e2 tory. ...-s.\n+0003bef0: 8099 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. FILE. \n+0003bf00: 2020 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e FILE exists an\n+0003bf10: 6420 6861 7320 6120 7369 7a65 2067 7265 d has a size gre\n+0003bf20: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7a65 726f 0a20 ater than zero. \n+0003bf30: 2020 2020 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2053 5452 ...-n... STR\n+0003bf40: 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 ING. th\n+0003bf50: 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 5354 5249 e length of STRI\n+0003bf60: 4e47 2069 7320 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f0a 2020 NG is nonzero. \n+0003bf70: 2020 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 STRING. \n+0003bf80: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6571 STRING is eq\n+0003bf90: 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 e280 982d uivalent to ...-\n+0003bfa0: 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 n STRING.... \n+0003bfb0: 20e2 8098 2d7a e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 ...-z... STRING\n+0003bfc0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c . the l\n+0003bfd0: 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2053 5452 494e 4720 ength of STRING \n+0003bfe0: 6973 207a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 is zero. ...\n+0003bff0: 28e2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 (... EXPRESSION \n+0003c000: e280 9829 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...).... \n+0003c010: 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 EXPRESSION is \n+0003c020: 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9821 e280 true. ...!..\n+0003c030: 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 0a20 2020 . EXPRESSION. \n+0003c040: 2020 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f EXPRESSIO\n+0003c050: 4e20 6973 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 N is false. \n+0003c060: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d EXPRESSION1 ...-\n+0003c070: 61e2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 a... EXPRESSION2\n+0003c080: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 . both \n+0003c090: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 EXPRESSION1 and \n+0003c0a0: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 EXPRESSION2 are \n+0003c0b0: 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 true. EXPRES\n+0003c0c0: 5349 4f4e 3120 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e SION1 EXPRESSION\n+0003c0d0: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2. both\n+0003c0e0: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 EXPRESSION1 and\n+0003c0f0: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 EXPRESSION2 are\n+0003c100: 2074 7275 652e 2020 5468 6973 2073 796e true. This syn\n+0003c110: 7461 7820 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 tax is not. \n+0003c120: 2020 2020 2050 4f53 4958 2d63 6f6d 706c POSIX-compl\n+0003c130: 6961 6e74 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 iant and is not \n+0003c140: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 642e 0a20 2020 recommended.. \n+0003c150: 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 EXPRESSION1 ..\n+0003c160: 982d 6fe2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f .-o... EXPRESSIO\n+0003c170: 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6974 N2. eit\n+0003c180: 6865 7220 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 her EXPRESSION1 \n+0003c190: 6f72 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2069 or EXPRESSION2 i\n+0003c1a0: 7320 7472 7565 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 s true....File: \n+0003c1b0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003c1c0: 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 : true, Next: t\n+0003c1d0: 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6573 rust, Prev: tes\n+0003c1e0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n+0003c1f0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0003c200: 372e 342e 3735 2074 7275 650a 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.75 true.----\n+0003c210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003c220: 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 mmand: true. \n+0003c230: 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2073 7563 Do nothing, suc\n+0003c240: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 cessfully. This\n+0003c250: 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 is mainly usefu\n+0003c260: 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 l in control. \n+0003c270: 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 constructs suc\n+0003c280: 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e h as ...if... an\n+0003c290: 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a d ...while... (*\n+0003c2a0: 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 note Shell-like \n+0003c2b0: 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f scripting::)....\n+0003c2c0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003c2d0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 , Node: trust, \n+0003c2e0: 204e 6578 743a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2050 Next: unset, P\n+0003c2f0: 7265 763a 2074 7275 652c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: true, Up: \n+0003c300: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0003c310: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3736 2074 mands..17.4.76 t\n+0003c320: 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rust.-----------\n+0003c330: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003c340: 2074 7275 7374 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 trust [--skip-s\n+0003c350: 6967 5d20 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 650a ig] pubkey_file.\n+0003c360: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 7075 626c 6963 Read public\n+0003c370: 206b 6579 2066 726f 6d20 5055 424b 4559 key from PUBKEY\n+0003c380: 5f46 494c 4520 616e 6420 6164 6420 6974 _FILE and add it\n+0003c390: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2773 2069 6e74 6572 to GRUB's inter\n+0003c3a0: 6e61 6c20 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 nal list. of\n+0003c3b0: 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 trusted public \n+0003c3c0: 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 keys. These key\n+0003c3d0: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 s are used to va\n+0003c3e0: 6c69 6461 7465 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 lidate digital. \n+0003c3f0: 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2077 signatures w\n+0003c400: 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 hen environment \n+0003c410: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 variable ...chec\n+0003c420: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n+0003c430: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 is set to. .\n+0003c440: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 204e ..enforce.... N\n+0003c450: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 6620 e280 9863 ote that if ...c\n+0003c460: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 heck_signatures.\n+0003c470: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 .. is set to ...\n+0003c480: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 enforce.... \n+0003c490: 7768 656e 20e2 8098 7472 7573 74e2 8099 when ...trust...\n+0003c4a0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 732c 2074 6865 6e20 executes, then \n+0003c4b0: 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 PUBKEY_FILE must\n+0003c4c0: 2069 7473 656c 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 itself be prope\n+0003c4d0: 726c 790a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e65 642e rly. signed.\n+0003c4e0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d The ...--skip-\n+0003c4f0: 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 sig... option ca\n+0003c500: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2064 6973 n be used to dis\n+0003c510: 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 able. signat\n+0003c520: 7572 652d 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2077 6865 ure-checking whe\n+0003c530: 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 5055 424b 4559 n reading PUBKEY\n+0003c540: 5f46 494c 4520 6974 7365 6c66 2e20 2049 _FILE itself. I\n+0003c550: 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 640a 2020 t is expected. \n+0003c560: 2020 2074 6861 7420 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 that ...--ski\n+0003c570: 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 p-sig... is usef\n+0003c580: 756c 2066 6f72 2074 6573 7469 6e67 2061 ul for testing a\n+0003c590: 6e64 206d 616e 7561 6c20 626f 6f74 696e nd manual bootin\n+0003c5a0: 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2055 g. *Note. U\n+0003c5b0: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n+0003c5c0: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d natures::, for m\n+0003c5d0: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore information.\n+0003c5e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003c5f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 nfo, Node: unse\n+0003c600: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7665 7269 6679 t, Next: verify\n+0003c610: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 5072 6576 _detached, Prev\n+0003c620: 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : trust, Up: Co\n+0003c630: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0003c640: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3737 2075 6e73 nds..17.4.77 uns\n+0003c650: 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d et.-------------\n+0003c660: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2075 .. -- Command: u\n+0003c670: 6e73 6574 2065 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 nset envvar. \n+0003c680: 2055 6e73 6574 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 Unset the envir\n+0003c690: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+0003c6a0: 454e 5656 4152 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ENVVAR.....File:\n+0003c6b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003c6c0: 653a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 e: verify_detach\n+0003c6d0: 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2076 6964 656f ed, Next: video\n+0003c6e0: 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2075 6e73 info, Prev: uns\n+0003c6f0: 6574 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 et, Up: Command\n+0003c700: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0003c710: 3137 2e34 2e37 3820 7665 7269 6679 5f64 17.4.78 verify_d\n+0003c720: 6574 6163 6865 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d etached.--------\n+0003c730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003c740: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 . -- Command: ve\n+0003c750: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 5b2d rify_detached [-\n+0003c760: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d 2066 696c 6520 -skip-sig] file \n+0003c770: 7369 676e 6174 7572 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 signature_file. \n+0003c780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7075 626b 6579 [pubkey\n+0003c790: 5f66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7269 _file]. Veri\n+0003c7a0: 6669 6573 2061 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 fies a GPG-style\n+0003c7b0: 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 detached signat\n+0003c7c0: 7572 652c 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2073 ure, where the s\n+0003c7d0: 6967 6e65 6420 6669 6c65 2069 730a 2020 igned file is. \n+0003c7e0: 2020 2046 494c 452c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 FILE, and the\n+0003c7f0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2069 7473 656c signature itsel\n+0003c800: 6620 6973 2069 6e20 6669 6c65 2053 4947 f is in file SIG\n+0003c810: 4e41 5455 5245 5f46 494c 452e 0a20 2020 NATURE_FILE.. \n+0003c820: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 Optionally, a \n+0003c830: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2070 7562 6c69 6320 specific public \n+0003c840: 6b65 7920 746f 2075 7365 2063 616e 2062 key to use can b\n+0003c850: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e e specified usin\n+0003c860: 670a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 g. PUBKEY_FI\n+0003c870: 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f LE. When enviro\n+0003c880: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n+0003c890: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n+0003c8a0: 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 0a20 2020 es... is set. \n+0003c8b0: 2020 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 to ...enforce.\n+0003c8c0: 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2050 5542 4b45 595f .., then PUBKEY_\n+0003c8d0: 4649 4c45 206d 7573 7420 6974 7365 6c66 FILE must itself\n+0003c8e0: 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2073 6967 be properly sig\n+0003c8f0: 6e65 6420 6279 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 ned by an. a\n+0003c900: 6c72 6561 6479 2d74 7275 7374 6564 206b lready-trusted k\n+0003c910: 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 ey. An unsigned\n+0003c920: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2063 616e PUBKEY_FILE can\n+0003c930: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 be loaded by. \n+0003c940: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 specifying ..\n+0003c950: 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2e20 .--skip-sig.... \n+0003c960: 2049 6620 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 If PUBKEY_FILE \n+0003c970: 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e is omitted, then\n+0003c980: 2070 7562 6c69 630a 2020 2020 206b 6579 public. key\n+0003c990: 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 7320 7472 s from GRUB's tr\n+0003c9a0: 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2028 2a6e 6f74 usted keys (*not\n+0003c9b0: 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a e list_trusted::\n+0003c9c0: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7472 7573 743a 3a2c , *note trust::,\n+0003c9d0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 . and *note \n+0003c9e0: 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 distrust::) are \n+0003c9f0: 7472 6965 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 tried... Exi\n+0003ca00: 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 t code ...$?... \n+0003ca10: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 is set to 0 if t\n+0003ca20: 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2076 616c he signature val\n+0003ca30: 6964 6174 6573 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 idates successfu\n+0003ca40: 6c6c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2076 616c lly.. If val\n+0003ca50: 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2069 idation fails, i\n+0003ca60: 7420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f t is set to a no\n+0003ca70: 6e2d 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e20 202a n-zero value. *\n+0003ca80: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 Note Using. \n+0003ca90: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n+0003caa0: 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 es::, for more i\n+0003cab0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n+0003cac0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003cad0: 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f Node: videoinfo\n+0003cae0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 , Next: wrmsr, \n+0003caf0: 2050 7265 763a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 Prev: verify_de\n+0003cb00: 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d tached, Up: Com\n+0003cb10: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0003cb20: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3920 7669 6465 ds..17.4.79 vide\n+0003cb30: 6f69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oinfo.----------\n+0003cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003cb50: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f20 mand: videoinfo \n+0003cb60: 5b5b 5778 485d 7844 5d0a 2020 2020 204c [[WxH]xD]. L\n+0003cb70: 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 ist available vi\n+0003cb80: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 deo modes. If r\n+0003cb90: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 esolution is giv\n+0003cba0: 656e 2c20 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 en, show only. \n+0003cbb0: 2020 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 matching mode\n+0003cbc0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0003cbd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 .info, Node: wr\n+0003cbe0: 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7669 6465 msr, Prev: vide\n+0003cbf0: 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d oinfo, Up: Comm\n+0003cc00: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0003cc10: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3830 2077 726d 7372 s..17.4.80 wrmsr\n+0003cc20: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n+0003cc30: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7772 -- Command:: wr\n+0003cc40: 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 2030 7856 414c msr 0xADDR 0xVAL\n+0003cc50: 5545 0a20 2020 2020 5772 6974 6520 6120 UE. Write a \n+0003cc60: 3078 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2061 206d 6f64 0xVALUE to a mod\n+0003cc70: 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 el-specific regi\n+0003cc80: 7374 6572 2061 7420 6164 6472 6573 7320 ster at address \n+0003cc90: 3078 4144 4452 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 506c 0xADDR... Pl\n+0003cca0: 6561 7365 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f ease note that o\n+0003ccb0: 6e20 534d 5020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2077 n SMP systems, w\n+0003ccc0: 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 4d53 5220 riting to a MSR \n+0003ccd0: 7468 6174 2068 6173 2061 2073 636f 7065 that has a scope\n+0003cce0: 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7220 6861 7264 7761 . per hardwa\n+0003ccf0: 7265 2074 6872 6561 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 re thread, impli\n+0003cd00: 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 es that the valu\n+0003cd10: 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 e that is writte\n+0003cd20: 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6170 706c n only. appl\n+0003cd30: 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 ies to the parti\n+0003cd40: 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 cular cpu/core/t\n+0003cd50: 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 hread that runs \n+0003cd60: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 the command... \n+0003cd70: 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 Also, if you \n+0003cd80: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 specify a reserv\n+0003cd90: 6564 206f 7220 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e ed or unimplemen\n+0003cda0: 7465 6420 4d53 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c ted MSR address,\n+0003cdb0: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 it. will ca\n+0003cdc0: 7573 6520 6120 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 use a general pr\n+0003cdd0: 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 otection excepti\n+0003cde0: 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 on (which is not\n+0003cdf0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 currently. \n+0003ce00: 6265 696e 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 being handled) a\n+0003ce10: 6e64 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 nd the system wi\n+0003ce20: 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 ll reboot... \n+0003ce30: 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 Note: The comma\n+0003ce40: 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 nd is not allowe\n+0003ce50: 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 d when lockdown \n+0003ce60: 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f is enforced (*no\n+0003ce70: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e te. Lockdown\n+0003ce80: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f ::). This is do\n+0003ce90: 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 7375 ne to prevent su\n+0003cea0: 6276 6572 7469 6e67 2076 6172 696f 7573 bverting various\n+0003ceb0: 2073 6563 7572 6974 790a 2020 2020 206d security. m\n+0003cec0: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 echanisms.....Fi\n+0003ced0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003cee0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Node: Networking\n+0003cef0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 commands, Next\n+0003cf00: 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 : Undocumented c\n+0003cf10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ommands, Prev: \n+0003cf20: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0003cf30: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d mands, Up: Comm\n+0003cf40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 204e 6574 776f ands..17.5 Netwo\n+0003cf50: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d rking commands.=\n 0003cf60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003cf70: 3d3d 3d0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ===..* Menu:..* \n-0003cf80: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 net_add_addr:: \n-0003cf90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 Ad\n-0003cfa0: 6420 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6164 6472 d a network addr\n-0003cfb0: 6573 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e ess.* net_add_dn\n-0003cfc0: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n-0003cfd0: 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 444e 5320 7365 Add a DNS se\n-0003cfe0: 7276 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 rver.* net_add_r\n-0003cff0: 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oute:: \n-0003d000: 2020 2020 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 Add routing\n-0003d010: 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f entry.* net_boo\n-0003d020: 7470 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tp:: \n-0003d030: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 Perform a\n-0003d040: 2062 6f6f 7470 2f44 4843 5020 6175 746f bootp/DHCP auto\n-0003d050: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 configuration.* \n-0003d060: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 net_del_addr:: \n-0003d070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n-0003d080: 6d6f 7665 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 move IP address \n-0003d090: 6672 6f6d 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a from interface.*\n-0003d0a0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 net_del_dns:: \n-0003d0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n-0003d0c0: 656d 6f76 6520 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 emove a DNS serv\n-0003d0d0: 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 er.* net_del_rou\n-0003d0e0: 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te:: \n-0003d0f0: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 726f 7574 Remove a rout\n-0003d100: 6520 656e 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 e entry.* net_dh\n-0003d110: 6370 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cp:: \n-0003d120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 Perform \n-0003d130: 6120 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 a DHCP autoconfi\n-0003d140: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f67 guration.* net_g\n-0003d150: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 3a3a et_dhcp_option::\n-0003d160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 Retriev\n-0003d170: 6520 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a2a e DHCP options.*\n-0003d180: 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f net_ipv6_autoco\n-0003d190: 6e66 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 nf:: P\n-0003d1a0: 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 3620 6175 746f erform IPv6 auto\n-0003d1b0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 configuration.* \n-0003d1c0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 net_ls_addr:: \n-0003d1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 Li\n-0003d1e0: 7374 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 730a 2a20 st interfaces.* \n-0003d1f0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 3a3a 2020 net_ls_cards:: \n-0003d200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 Li\n-0003d210: 7374 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 st network cards\n-0003d220: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 3a20 .* net_ls_dns:: \n-0003d230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d240: 204c 6973 7420 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 List DNS server\n-0003d250: 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 s.* net_ls_route\n-0003d260: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n-0003d270: 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 List routing e\n-0003d280: 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c ntries.* net_nsl\n-0003d290: 6f6f 6b75 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ookup:: \n-0003d2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 Perform a\n-0003d2b0: 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2a20 6e65 DNS lookup.* ne\n-0003d2c0: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 3a3a 2020 2020 t_set_vlan:: \n-0003d2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n-0003d2e0: 766c 616e 2069 6420 6f6e 2061 6e20 696e vlan id on an in\n-0003d2f0: 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a terface....File:\n-0003d300: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003d310: 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c e: net_add_addr,\n-0003d320: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Next: net_add_\n-0003d330: 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 dns, Up: Networ\n-0003d340: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n-0003d350: 372e 352e 3120 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 7.5.1 net_add_ad\n-0003d360: 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dr.-------------\n-0003d370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003d380: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 and: net_add_add\n-0003d390: 7220 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 4341 5244 r INTERFACE CARD\n-0003d3a0: 2041 4444 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 436f ADDRESS. Co\n-0003d3b0: 6e66 6967 7572 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e nfigure addition\n-0003d3c0: 616c 206e 6574 776f 726b 2049 4e54 4552 al network INTER\n-0003d3d0: 4641 4345 2077 6974 6820 4144 4452 4553 FACE with ADDRES\n-0003d3e0: 5320 6f6e 2061 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 S on a network. \n-0003d3f0: 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 4444 5245 CARD. ADDRE\n-0003d400: 5353 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 SS can be either\n-0003d410: 2049 5020 696e 2064 6f74 7465 6420 6465 IP in dotted de\n-0003d420: 6369 6d61 6c20 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 cimal notation, \n-0003d430: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6d62 6f6c 6963 or. symbolic\n-0003d440: 206e 616d 6520 7768 6963 6820 6973 2072 name which is r\n-0003d450: 6573 6f6c 7665 6420 7573 696e 6720 444e esolved using DN\n-0003d460: 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 2049 6620 7375 S lookup. If su\n-0003d470: 6363 6573 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 ccessful,. t\n-0003d480: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 616c 736f his command also\n-0003d490: 2061 6464 7320 6c6f 6361 6c20 6c69 6e6b adds local link\n-0003d4a0: 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 2074 routing entry t\n-0003d4b0: 6f20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 o the default. \n-0003d4c0: 2020 2073 7562 6e65 7420 6f66 2041 4444 subnet of ADD\n-0003d4d0: 5245 5353 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2049 RESS with name I\n-0003d4e0: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 e280 983a 6c6f 6361 NTERFACE...:loca\n-0003d4f0: 6ce2 8099 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 4641 l... via INTERFA\n-0003d500: 4345 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 CE.....File: gru\n-0003d510: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003d520: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 et_add_dns, Nex\n-0003d530: 743a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 t: net_add_route\n-0003d540: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 , Prev: net_add\n-0003d550: 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 _addr, Up: Netw\n-0003d560: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003d570: 0a31 372e 352e 3220 6e65 745f 6164 645f .17.5.2 net_add_\n-0003d580: 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dns.------------\n-0003d590: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003d5a0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 and: net_add_dns\n-0003d5b0: 2053 4552 5645 520a 2020 2020 2052 6573 SERVER. Res\n-0003d5c0: 6f6c 7665 2053 4552 5645 5220 4950 2061 olve SERVER IP a\n-0003d5d0: 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2074 ddress and add t\n-0003d5e0: 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 444e o the list of DN\n-0003d5f0: 5320 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 S servers used. \n-0003d600: 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 during name \n-0003d610: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a lookup.....File:\n-0003d620: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003d630: 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 e: net_add_route\n-0003d640: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f , Next: net_boo\n-0003d650: 7470 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 tp, Prev: net_a\n-0003d660: 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 dd_dns, Up: Net\n-0003d670: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-0003d680: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e33 206e 6574 5f61 6464 ..17.5.3 net_add\n-0003d690: 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _route.---------\n-0003d6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003d6b0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 Command: net_ad\n-0003d6c0: 645f 726f 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d d_route SHORTNAM\n-0003d6d0: 4520 4950 5b2f 5052 4546 4958 5d20 5b49 E IP[/PREFIX] [I\n-0003d6e0: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 207c 2067 770a 2020 NTERFACE | gw. \n-0003d6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4741 5445 5741 595d GATEWAY]\n-0003d700: 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6420 726f 7574 6520 . Add route \n-0003d710: 746f 206e 6574 776f 726b 2077 6974 6820 to network with \n-0003d720: 6164 6472 6573 7320 4950 2061 7320 6d6f address IP as mo\n-0003d730: 6469 6669 6564 2062 7920 5052 4546 4958 dified by PREFIX\n-0003d740: 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 6569 7468 6572 via. either\n-0003d750: 206c 6f63 616c 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 local INTERFACE\n-0003d760: 206f 7220 4741 5445 5741 592e 2020 5052 or GATEWAY. PR\n-0003d770: 4546 4958 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c EFIX is optional\n-0003d780: 2061 6e64 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a 2020 and defaults. \n-0003d790: 2020 2074 6f20 3332 2066 6f72 2049 5076 to 32 for IPv\n-0003d7a0: 3420 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 3132 4 address and 12\n-0003d7b0: 3820 666f 7220 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 8 for IPv6 addre\n-0003d7c0: 7373 2e20 2052 6f75 7465 2069 730a 2020 ss. Route is. \n-0003d7d0: 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 identified by\n-0003d7e0: 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2077 6869 6368 SHORTNAME which\n-0003d7f0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n-0003d800: 7265 6d6f 7665 2069 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 remove it (*note\n-0003d810: 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f . net_del_ro\n-0003d820: 7574 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ute::).....File:\n-0003d830: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003d840: 653a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 204e e: net_bootp, N\n-0003d850: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 ext: net_del_add\n-0003d860: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 r, Prev: net_ad\n-0003d870: 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 d_route, Up: Ne\n-0003d880: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003d890: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3420 6e65 745f 626f s..17.5.4 net_bo\n-0003d8a0: 6f74 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d otp.------------\n-0003d8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003d8c0: 643a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 205b 4341 d: net_bootp [CA\n-0003d8d0: 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 RD]. Alias f\n-0003d8e0: 6f72 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2066 6f72 or net_dhcp, for\n-0003d8f0: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 compatibility w\n-0003d900: 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 4772 7562 2076 ith older Grub v\n-0003d910: 6572 7369 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ersions.. Wi\n-0003d920: 6c6c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 2073 ll perform the s\n-0003d930: 616d 6520 4448 4350 2068 616e 6473 6861 ame DHCP handsha\n-0003d940: 6b65 2077 6974 6820 706f 7465 6e74 6961 ke with potentia\n-0003d950: 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 l fallback to. \n-0003d960: 2020 2042 4f4f 5450 2061 7320 7468 6520 BOOTP as the \n-0003d970: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 net_dhcp command\n-0003d980: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 (*note net_dhcp\n-0003d990: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-0003d9a0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003d9b0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 204e net_del_addr, N\n-0003d9c0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 ext: net_del_dns\n-0003d9d0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f , Prev: net_boo\n-0003d9e0: 7470 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b tp, Up: Network\n-0003d9f0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n-0003da00: 2e35 2e35 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 .5.5 net_del_add\n-0003da10: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n-0003da20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003da30: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 nd: net_del_addr\n-0003da40: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 0a20 2020 2020 INTERFACE. \n-0003da50: 5265 6d6f 7665 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 Remove configure\n-0003da60: 6420 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 d INTERFACE with\n-0003da70: 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 6164 6472 associated addr\n-0003da80: 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ess.....File: gr\n-0003da90: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003daa0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 net_del_dns, Ne\n-0003dab0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 xt: net_del_rout\n-0003dac0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 e, Prev: net_de\n-0003dad0: 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 l_addr, Up: Net\n-0003dae0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-0003daf0: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e36 206e 6574 5f64 656c ..17.5.6 net_del\n-0003db00: 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _dns.-----------\n-0003db10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003db20: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e mand: net_del_dn\n-0003db30: 7320 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 2052 s ADDRESS. R\n-0003db40: 656d 6f76 6520 4144 4452 4553 5320 6672 emove ADDRESS fr\n-0003db50: 6f6d 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 om list of serve\n-0003db60: 7273 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e rs used during n\n-0003db70: 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ame lookup.....F\n-0003db80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003db90: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 Node: net_del_r\n-0003dba0: 6f75 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 oute, Next: net\n-0003dbb0: 5f64 6863 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 _dhcp, Prev: ne\n-0003dbc0: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 t_del_dns, Up: \n-0003dbd0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003dbe0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3720 6e65 745f nds..17.5.7 net_\n-0003dbf0: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d del_route.------\n-0003dc00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0003dc10: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n-0003dc20: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 484f 5254 _del_route SHORT\n-0003dc30: 4e41 4d45 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 NAME. Remove\n-0003dc40: 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6465 route entry ide\n-0003dc50: 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 ntified by SHORT\n-0003dc60: 4e41 4d45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 NAME.....File: g\n-0003dc70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003dc80: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 4e65 7874 net_dhcp, Next\n-0003dc90: 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f : net_get_dhcp_o\n-0003dca0: 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 ption, Prev: ne\n-0003dcb0: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 t_del_route, Up\n-0003dcc0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003dcd0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3820 6e65 mands..17.5.8 ne\n-0003dce0: 745f 6468 6370 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_dhcp.---------\n-0003dcf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003dd00: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 5b43 and: net_dhcp [C\n-0003dd10: 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 ARD]. Perfor\n-0003dd20: 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 m configuration \n-0003dd30: 6f66 2043 4152 4420 7573 696e 6720 4448 of CARD using DH\n-0003dd40: 4350 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4966 CP protocol. If\n-0003dd50: 206e 6f20 6361 7264 206e 616d 650a 2020 no card name. \n-0003dd60: 2020 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c is specified,\n-0003dd70: 2074 7279 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 try to configur\n-0003dd80: 6520 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 e all existing c\n-0003dd90: 6172 6473 2e20 2046 616c 6c73 2062 6163 ards. Falls bac\n-0003dda0: 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 424f k to. the BO\n-0003ddb0: 4f54 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 6966 OTP protocol, if\n-0003ddc0: 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 4966 2063 6f6e needed. If con\n-0003ddd0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 figuration was s\n-0003dde0: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 uccessful,. \n-0003ddf0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 206e interface with n\n-0003de00: 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 ame CARD...:dhcp\n-0003de10: e280 9920 616e 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ... and configur\n-0003de20: 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 6164 ed address is ad\n-0003de30: 6465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 ded to. CARD\n-0003de40: 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 . Additionally \n-0003de50: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 4448 the following DH\n-0003de60: 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2072 CP options are r\n-0003de70: 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 616e 640a 2020 ecognized and. \n-0003de80: 2020 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 3a0a 0a20 processed:.. \n-0003de90: 2020 2020 e280 9831 2028 5375 626e 6574 ...1 (Subnet\n-0003dea0: 204d 6173 6b29 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 Mask).... \n-0003deb0: 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 6361 6c63 Used to calc\n-0003dec0: 756c 6174 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f ulate network lo\n-0003ded0: 6361 6c20 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 cal routing entr\n-0003dee0: 7920 666f 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a y for interface.\n-0003def0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4341 5244 e280 CARD..\n-0003df00: 983a 6468 6370 e280 992e 0a20 2020 2020 .:dhcp..... \n-0003df10: e280 9833 2028 526f 7574 6572 29e2 8099 ...3 (Router)...\n-0003df20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 7320 . Adds \n-0003df30: 6465 6661 756c 7420 726f 7574 6520 656e default route en\n-0003df40: 7472 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 206e 616d try with the nam\n-0003df50: 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 3a64 e CARD...:dhcp:d\n-0003df60: 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 7669 610a 2020 efault... via. \n-0003df70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6761 7465 7761 7920 gateway \n-0003df80: 6672 6f6d 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e from DHCP option\n-0003df90: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e6c . Note that onl\n-0003dfa0: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7369 y option with si\n-0003dfb0: 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 ngle. r\n-0003dfc0: 6f75 7465 2069 7320 6163 6365 7074 6564 oute is accepted\n-0003dfd0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3620 2844 6f6d .. ...6 (Dom\n-0003dfe0: 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 2053 6572 7665 7229 ain Name Server)\n-0003dff0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 .... Ad\n-0003e000: 6473 2061 6c6c 2073 6572 7665 7273 2066 ds all servers f\n-0003e010: 726f 6d20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2076 616c 7565 rom option value\n-0003e020: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 to the list of \n-0003e030: 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 servers used. \n-0003e040: 2020 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 during na\n-0003e050: 6d65 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e2e 0a20 me resolution.. \n-0003e060: 2020 2020 e280 9831 3220 2848 6f73 7420 ...12 (Host \n-0003e070: 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Name).... \n-0003e080: 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Sets environm\n-0003e090: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n-0003e0a0: 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 net_......\n-0003e0b0: 5f64 6863 705f 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 _dhcp_hostname..\n-0003e0c0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 . (*note. \n-0003e0d0: 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 net__hostname::) t\n-0003e0f0: 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f o the value of o\n-0003e100: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 ption.. ...1\n-0003e110: 3520 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 29e2 5 (Domain Name).\n-0003e120: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 ... Set\n-0003e130: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n-0003e140: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 riable ...net_..\n-0003e150: 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f ...._dhcp_\n-0003e160: 646f 6d61 696e e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 domain... (*note\n-0003e170: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c . net_<\n-0003e180: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d 6169 INTERFACE>_domai\n-0003e190: 6e3a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 n::) to the valu\n-0003e1a0: 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e of option.. \n-0003e1b0: 2020 e280 9831 3720 2852 6f6f 7420 5061 ...17 (Root Pa\n-0003e1c0: 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 th).... \n-0003e1d0: 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Sets environmen\n-0003e1e0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 t variable ...ne\n-0003e1f0: 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 t_......_d\n-0003e200: 6863 705f 726f 6f74 7061 7468 e280 9920 hcp_rootpath... \n-0003e210: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*note. \n-0003e220: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-0003e230: 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 _rootpath::) to \n-0003e240: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 the value of opt\n-0003e250: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3820 ion.. ...18 \n-0003e260: 2845 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 5061 7468 (Extensions Path\n-0003e270: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ).... S\n-0003e280: 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ets environment \n-0003e290: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f variable ...net_\n-0003e2a0: e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 ......_dhc\n-0003e2b0: 705f 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 p_extensionspath\n-0003e2c0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a .... (*\n-0003e2d0: 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 note net__extensionsp\n-0003e2f0: 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 ath::) to the va\n-0003e300: 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lue of. \n-0003e310: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 option.. ..\n-0003e320: 9836 3620 2854 4654 5020 5365 7276 6572 .66 (TFTP Server\n-0003e330: 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 Name).... \n-0003e340: 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Sets environ\n-0003e350: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n-0003e360: 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 .net_.....\n-0003e370: 985f 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 ._dhcp_server_na\n-0003e380: 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 me.... \n-0003e390: 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 (*note net__dhcp_serv\n-0003e3b0: 6572 5f6e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 er_name::) to th\n-0003e3c0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e value of. \n-0003e3d0: 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 option.. \n-0003e3e0: 2020 e280 9836 3720 2846 696c 656e 616d ...67 (Filenam\n-0003e3f0: 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e).... \n-0003e400: 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Sets environment\n-0003e410: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 variable ...net\n-0003e420: 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 626f _......_bo\n-0003e430: 6f74 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ot_file... (*not\n-0003e440: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f e. net_\n-0003e450: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f 6f74 _boot\n-0003e460: 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 _file::) to the \n-0003e470: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e value of option.\n-0003e480: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003e490: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003e4a0: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c get_dhcp_option,\n-0003e4b0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 Next: net_ipv6\n-0003e4c0: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5072 6576 _autoconf, Prev\n-0003e4d0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2055 703a : net_dhcp, Up:\n-0003e4e0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-0003e4f0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e39 206e 6574 ands..17.5.9 net\n-0003e500: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n-0003e510: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0003e520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003e530: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 Command: net_ge\n-0003e540: 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e20 5641 t_dhcp_option VA\n-0003e550: 5220 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 4e55 4d42 R INTERFACE NUMB\n-0003e560: 4552 2054 5950 450a 2020 2020 2052 6571 ER TYPE. Req\n-0003e570: 7565 7374 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e uest DHCP option\n-0003e580: 204e 554d 4245 5220 6f66 2054 5950 4520 NUMBER of TYPE \n-0003e590: 7669 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e 2020 via INTERFACE. \n-0003e5a0: 5459 5045 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f6e 650a TYPE can be one.\n-0003e5b0: 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 9873 7472 696e of ...strin\n-0003e5c0: 67e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 g..., ...number.\n-0003e5d0: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6578 e280 992e .. or ...hex....\n-0003e5e0: 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2066 If option is f\n-0003e5f0: 6f75 6e64 2c20 6173 7369 676e 2069 7473 ound, assign its\n-0003e600: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2076 . value to v\n-0003e610: 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5661 ariable VAR. Va\n-0003e620: 6c75 6573 206f 6620 7479 7065 7320 e280 lues of types ..\n-0003e630: 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 .number... and .\n-0003e640: 8098 6865 78e2 8099 2061 7265 0a20 2020 ..hex... are. \n-0003e650: 2020 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 converted to s\n-0003e660: 7472 696e 6720 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 tring representa\n-0003e670: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-0003e680: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003e690: 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f net_ipv6_autoco\n-0003e6a0: 6e66 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c nf, Next: net_l\n-0003e6b0: 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e s_addr, Prev: n\n-0003e6c0: 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 et_get_dhcp_opti\n-0003e6d0: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b on, Up: Network\n-0003e6e0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n-0003e6f0: 2e35 2e31 3020 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 .5.10 net_ipv6_a\n-0003e700: 7574 6f63 6f6e 660a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d utoconf.--------\n+0003cf70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a =======..* Menu:\n+0003cf80: 0a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 ..* net_add_addr\n+0003cf90: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003cfa0: 2020 4164 6420 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 Add a network \n+0003cfb0: 6164 6472 6573 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 address.* net_ad\n+0003cfc0: 645f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_dns:: \n+0003cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 444e Add a DN\n+0003cfe0: 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 S server.* net_a\n+0003cff0: 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 dd_route:: \n+0003d000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2072 6f75 Add rou\n+0003d010: 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 ting entry.* net\n+0003d020: 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _bootp:: \n+0003d030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f Perfo\n+0003d040: 726d 2061 2062 6f6f 7470 2f44 4843 5020 rm a bootp/DHCP \n+0003d050: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f autoconfiguratio\n+0003d060: 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 n.* net_del_addr\n+0003d070: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d080: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2049 5020 6164 6472 Remove IP addr\n+0003d090: 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ess from interfa\n+0003d0a0: 6365 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 ce.* net_del_dns\n+0003d0b0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d0c0: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 444e 5320 Remove a DNS \n+0003d0d0: 7365 7276 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c server.* net_del\n+0003d0e0: 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _route:: \n+0003d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 Remove a \n+0003d100: 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 route entry.* ne\n+0003d110: 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_dhcp:: \n+0003d120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 Perf\n+0003d130: 6f72 6d20 6120 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 orm a DHCP autoc\n+0003d140: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e onfiguration.* n\n+0003d150: 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 et_get_dhcp_opti\n+0003d160: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 on:: Ret\n+0003d170: 7269 6576 6520 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f rieve DHCP optio\n+0003d180: 6e73 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 ns.* net_ipv6_au\n+0003d190: 746f 636f 6e66 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 toconf:: \n+0003d1a0: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 3620 Perform IPv6 \n+0003d1b0: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f autoconfiguratio\n+0003d1c0: 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a n.* net_ls_addr:\n+0003d1d0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0003d1e0: 2020 4c69 7374 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 List interface\n+0003d1f0: 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 s.* net_ls_cards\n+0003d200: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d210: 2020 4c69 7374 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 List network c\n+0003d220: 6172 6473 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e ards.* net_ls_dn\n+0003d230: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n+0003d240: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 444e 5320 7365 List DNS se\n+0003d250: 7276 6572 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 rvers.* net_ls_r\n+0003d260: 6f75 7465 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 outes:: \n+0003d270: 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 List routi\n+0003d280: 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 ng entries.* net\n+0003d290: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a 3a20 2020 2020 _nslookup:: \n+0003d2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f Perfo\n+0003d2b0: 726d 2061 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 700a rm a DNS lookup.\n+0003d2c0: 2a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 3a3a * net_set_vlan::\n+0003d2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003d2e0: 5365 7420 766c 616e 2069 6420 6f6e 2061 Set vlan id on a\n+0003d2f0: 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a1f 0a46 n interface....F\n+0003d300: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003d310: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 Node: net_add_a\n+0003d320: 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ddr, Next: net_\n+0003d330: 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 add_dns, Up: Ne\n+0003d340: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003d350: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3120 6e65 745f 6164 s..17.5.1 net_ad\n+0003d360: 645f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d_addr.---------\n+0003d370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003d380: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 Command: net_add\n+0003d390: 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 _addr INTERFACE \n+0003d3a0: 4341 5244 2041 4444 5245 5353 0a20 2020 CARD ADDRESS. \n+0003d3b0: 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 6164 6469 Configure addi\n+0003d3c0: 7469 6f6e 616c 206e 6574 776f 726b 2049 tional network I\n+0003d3d0: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2077 6974 6820 4144 NTERFACE with AD\n+0003d3e0: 4452 4553 5320 6f6e 2061 206e 6574 776f DRESS on a netwo\n+0003d3f0: 726b 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 rk. CARD. A\n+0003d400: 4444 5245 5353 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 DDRESS can be ei\n+0003d410: 7468 6572 2049 5020 696e 2064 6f74 7465 ther IP in dotte\n+0003d420: 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6e6f 7461 7469 d decimal notati\n+0003d430: 6f6e 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6d62 on, or. symb\n+0003d440: 6f6c 6963 206e 616d 6520 7768 6963 6820 olic name which \n+0003d450: 6973 2072 6573 6f6c 7665 6420 7573 696e is resolved usin\n+0003d460: 6720 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 2049 g DNS lookup. I\n+0003d470: 6620 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 f successful,. \n+0003d480: 2020 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 this command \n+0003d490: 616c 736f 2061 6464 7320 6c6f 6361 6c20 also adds local \n+0003d4a0: 6c69 6e6b 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 link routing ent\n+0003d4b0: 7279 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c ry to the defaul\n+0003d4c0: 740a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6e65 7420 6f66 t. subnet of\n+0003d4d0: 2041 4444 5245 5353 2077 6974 6820 6e61 ADDRESS with na\n+0003d4e0: 6d65 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 e280 983a me INTERFACE...:\n+0003d4f0: 6c6f 6361 6ce2 8099 2076 6961 2049 4e54 local... via INT\n+0003d500: 4552 4641 4345 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ERFACE.....File:\n+0003d510: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003d520: 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 e: net_add_dns, \n+0003d530: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 Next: net_add_r\n+0003d540: 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 oute, Prev: net\n+0003d550: 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 _add_addr, Up: \n+0003d560: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003d570: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3220 6e65 745f nds..17.5.2 net_\n+0003d580: 6164 645f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d add_dns.--------\n+0003d590: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003d5a0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 Command: net_add\n+0003d5b0: 5f64 6e73 2053 4552 5645 520a 2020 2020 _dns SERVER. \n+0003d5c0: 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2053 4552 5645 5220 Resolve SERVER \n+0003d5d0: 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 IP address and a\n+0003d5e0: 6464 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f dd to the list o\n+0003d5f0: 6620 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 f DNS servers us\n+0003d600: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 206e ed. during n\n+0003d610: 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ame lookup.....F\n+0003d620: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003d630: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 Node: net_add_r\n+0003d640: 6f75 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 oute, Next: net\n+0003d650: 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e _bootp, Prev: n\n+0003d660: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a et_add_dns, Up:\n+0003d670: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0003d680: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e33 206e 6574 ands..17.5.3 net\n+0003d690: 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d _add_route.-----\n+0003d6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003d6b0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003d6c0: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 6520 5348 4f52 t_add_route SHOR\n+0003d6d0: 544e 414d 4520 4950 5b2f 5052 4546 4958 TNAME IP[/PREFIX\n+0003d6e0: 5d20 5b49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 207c 2067 ] [INTERFACE | g\n+0003d6f0: 770a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4741 5445 w. GATE\n+0003d700: 5741 595d 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6420 726f WAY]. Add ro\n+0003d710: 7574 6520 746f 206e 6574 776f 726b 2077 ute to network w\n+0003d720: 6974 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 4950 2061 ith address IP a\n+0003d730: 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 2062 7920 5052 s modified by PR\n+0003d740: 4546 4958 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 6569 EFIX via. ei\n+0003d750: 7468 6572 206c 6f63 616c 2049 4e54 4552 ther local INTER\n+0003d760: 4641 4345 206f 7220 4741 5445 5741 592e FACE or GATEWAY.\n+0003d770: 2020 5052 4546 4958 2069 7320 6f70 7469 PREFIX is opti\n+0003d780: 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 6175 6c74 onal and default\n+0003d790: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 3332 2066 6f72 s. to 32 for\n+0003d7a0: 2049 5076 3420 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e IPv4 address an\n+0003d7b0: 6420 3132 3820 666f 7220 4950 7636 2061 d 128 for IPv6 a\n+0003d7c0: 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6f75 7465 2069 ddress. Route i\n+0003d7d0: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 s. identifie\n+0003d7e0: 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2077 d by SHORTNAME w\n+0003d7f0: 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 hich can be used\n+0003d800: 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 2069 7420 282a to remove it (*\n+0003d810: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 note. net_de\n+0003d820: 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 l_route::).....F\n+0003d830: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003d840: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 Node: net_bootp\n+0003d850: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Next: net_del\n+0003d860: 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 _addr, Prev: ne\n+0003d870: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 t_add_route, Up\n+0003d880: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+0003d890: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3420 6e65 mands..17.5.4 ne\n+0003d8a0: 745f 626f 6f74 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_bootp.--------\n+0003d8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003d8c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 mmand: net_bootp\n+0003d8d0: 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 [CARD]. Ali\n+0003d8e0: 6173 2066 6f72 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c as for net_dhcp,\n+0003d8f0: 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 for compatibili\n+0003d900: 7479 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 4772 ty with older Gr\n+0003d910: 7562 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 ub versions.. \n+0003d920: 2020 5769 6c6c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 Will perform t\n+0003d930: 6865 2073 616d 6520 4448 4350 2068 616e he same DHCP han\n+0003d940: 6473 6861 6b65 2077 6974 6820 706f 7465 dshake with pote\n+0003d950: 6e74 6961 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 ntial fallback t\n+0003d960: 6f0a 2020 2020 2042 4f4f 5450 2061 7320 o. BOOTP as \n+0003d970: 7468 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2063 6f6d the net_dhcp com\n+0003d980: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f mand (*note net_\n+0003d990: 6468 6370 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 dhcp::).....File\n+0003d9a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003d9b0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 de: net_del_addr\n+0003d9c0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Next: net_del\n+0003d9d0: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 _dns, Prev: net\n+0003d9e0: 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 _bootp, Up: Net\n+0003d9f0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+0003da00: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e35 206e 6574 5f64 656c ..17.5.5 net_del\n+0003da10: 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _addr.----------\n+0003da20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003da30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ommand: net_del_\n+0003da40: 6164 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 0a20 addr INTERFACE. \n+0003da50: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2063 6f6e 6669 Remove confi\n+0003da60: 6775 7265 6420 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 gured INTERFACE \n+0003da70: 7769 7468 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 with associated \n+0003da80: 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 address.....File\n+0003da90: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003daa0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c de: net_del_dns,\n+0003dab0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Next: net_del_\n+0003dac0: 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 route, Prev: ne\n+0003dad0: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a t_del_addr, Up:\n+0003dae0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0003daf0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e36 206e 6574 ands..17.5.6 net\n+0003db00: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _del_dns.-------\n+0003db10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003db20: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 Command: net_de\n+0003db30: 6c5f 646e 7320 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 l_dns ADDRESS. \n+0003db40: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4144 4452 4553 Remove ADDRES\n+0003db50: 5320 6672 6f6d 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 S from list of s\n+0003db60: 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 ervers used duri\n+0003db70: 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a ng name lookup..\n+0003db80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003db90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n+0003dba0: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a el_route, Next:\n+0003dbb0: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 5072 6576 net_dhcp, Prev\n+0003dbc0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 : net_del_dns, \n+0003dbd0: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+0003dbe0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3720 ommands..17.5.7 \n+0003dbf0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d net_del_route.--\n+0003dc00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003dc10: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003dc20: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 net_del_route S\n+0003dc30: 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 0a20 2020 2020 5265 HORTNAME. Re\n+0003dc40: 6d6f 7665 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 move route entry\n+0003dc50: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 identified by S\n+0003dc60: 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c HORTNAME.....Fil\n+0003dc70: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003dc80: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 ode: net_dhcp, \n+0003dc90: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 Next: net_get_dh\n+0003dca0: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 cp_option, Prev\n+0003dcb0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c : net_del_route,\n+0003dcc0: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003dcd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003dce0: 3820 6e65 745f 6468 6370 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 net_dhcp.-----\n+0003dcf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003dd00: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 Command: net_dhc\n+0003dd10: 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 p [CARD]. Pe\n+0003dd20: 7266 6f72 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 rform configurat\n+0003dd30: 696f 6e20 6f66 2043 4152 4420 7573 696e ion of CARD usin\n+0003dd40: 6720 4448 4350 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e g DHCP protocol.\n+0003dd50: 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 206e 616d If no card nam\n+0003dd60: 650a 2020 2020 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 e. is specif\n+0003dd70: 6965 642c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 ied, try to conf\n+0003dd80: 6967 7572 6520 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 igure all existi\n+0003dd90: 6e67 2063 6172 6473 2e20 2046 616c 6c73 ng cards. Falls\n+0003dda0: 2062 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 back to. th\n+0003ddb0: 6520 424f 4f54 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c e BOOTP protocol\n+0003ddc0: 2c20 6966 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 4966 , if needed. If\n+0003ddd0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2077 configuration w\n+0003dde0: 6173 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 as successful,. \n+0003ddf0: 2020 2020 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 interface wi\n+0003de00: 7468 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a th name CARD...:\n+0003de10: 6468 6370 e280 9920 616e 6420 636f 6e66 dhcp... and conf\n+0003de20: 6967 7572 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 igured address i\n+0003de30: 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 s added to. \n+0003de40: 4341 5244 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 CARD. Additiona\n+0003de50: 6c6c 7920 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e lly the followin\n+0003de60: 6720 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 g DHCP options a\n+0003de70: 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 616e re recognized an\n+0003de80: 640a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 d. processed\n+0003de90: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 2028 5375 :.. ...1 (Su\n+0003dea0: 626e 6574 204d 6173 6b29 e280 990a 2020 bnet Mask).... \n+0003deb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 Used to \n+0003dec0: 6361 6c63 756c 6174 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 calculate networ\n+0003ded0: 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 726f 7574 696e 6720 k local routing \n+0003dee0: 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 696e 7465 7266 entry for interf\n+0003def0: 6163 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4341 ace. CA\n+0003df00: 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 992e 0a20 RD...:dhcp..... \n+0003df10: 2020 2020 e280 9833 2028 526f 7574 6572 ...3 (Router\n+0003df20: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 ).... A\n+0003df30: 6464 7320 6465 6661 756c 7420 726f 7574 dds default rout\n+0003df40: 6520 656e 7472 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 e entry with the\n+0003df50: 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 name CARD...:dh\n+0003df60: 6370 3a64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 7669 cp:default... vi\n+0003df70: 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6761 7465 a. gate\n+0003df80: 7761 7920 6672 6f6d 2044 4843 5020 6f70 way from DHCP op\n+0003df90: 7469 6f6e 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 tion. Note that\n+0003dfa0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 only option wit\n+0003dfb0: 6820 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 h single. \n+0003dfc0: 2020 2072 6f75 7465 2069 7320 6163 6365 route is acce\n+0003dfd0: 7074 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3620 pted.. ...6 \n+0003dfe0: 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 2053 6572 (Domain Name Ser\n+0003dff0: 7665 7229 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ver).... \n+0003e000: 2020 4164 6473 2061 6c6c 2073 6572 7665 Adds all serve\n+0003e010: 7273 2066 726f 6d20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2076 rs from option v\n+0003e020: 616c 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 alue to the list\n+0003e030: 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 of servers used\n+0003e040: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e . durin\n+0003e050: 6720 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f g name resolutio\n+0003e060: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3220 2848 n.. ...12 (H\n+0003e070: 6f73 7420 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 ost Name).... \n+0003e080: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 Sets envi\n+0003e090: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0003e0a0: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 ...net_......_dhcp_hostna\n+0003e0c0: 6d65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 me... (*note. \n+0003e0d0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 net__hostname:\n+0003e0f0: 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 :) to the value \n+0003e100: 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 of option.. \n+0003e110: e280 9831 3520 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 ...15 (Domain Na\n+0003e120: 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 me).... \n+0003e130: 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Sets environmen\n+0003e140: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 t variable ...ne\n+0003e150: 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 t_......_d\n+0003e160: 6863 705f 646f 6d61 696e e280 9920 282a hcp_domain... (*\n+0003e170: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e note. n\n+0003e180: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+0003e190: 6f6d 6169 6e3a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 omain::) to the \n+0003e1a0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e value of option.\n+0003e1b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3720 2852 6f6f . ...17 (Roo\n+0003e1c0: 7420 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 t Path).... \n+0003e1d0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f Sets enviro\n+0003e1e0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n+0003e1f0: 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 ..net_....\n+0003e200: 8098 5f64 6863 705f 726f 6f74 7061 7468 .._dhcp_rootpath\n+0003e210: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ... (*note. \n+0003e220: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 net__rootpath::)\n+0003e240: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 to the value of\n+0003e250: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 option.. ..\n+0003e260: 9831 3820 2845 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 .18 (Extensions \n+0003e270: 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Path).... \n+0003e280: 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Sets environm\n+0003e290: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n+0003e2a0: 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 net_......\n+0003e2b0: 5f64 6863 705f 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 _dhcp_extensions\n+0003e2c0: 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 path.... \n+0003e2d0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e (*note net__extensi\n+0003e2f0: 6f6e 7370 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 onspath::) to th\n+0003e300: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e value of. \n+0003e310: 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 option.. \n+0003e320: 2020 e280 9836 3620 2854 4654 5020 5365 ...66 (TFTP Se\n+0003e330: 7276 6572 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 rver Name).... \n+0003e340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 Sets env\n+0003e350: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0003e360: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 e ...net_......_dhcp_serve\n+0003e380: 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 r_name.... \n+0003e390: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c (*note net_<\n+0003e3a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 705f INTERFACE>_dhcp_\n+0003e3b0: 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 server_name::) t\n+0003e3c0: 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 o the value of. \n+0003e3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e option.\n+0003e3e0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 3720 2846 696c . ...67 (Fil\n+0003e3f0: 656e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ename).... \n+0003e400: 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Sets environ\n+0003e410: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n+0003e420: 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 .net_.....\n+0003e430: 985f 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 2028 ._boot_file... (\n+0003e440: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *note. \n+0003e450: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+0003e460: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 boot_file::) to \n+0003e470: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 the value of opt\n+0003e480: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+0003e490: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003e4a0: 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 net_get_dhcp_opt\n+0003e4b0: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ion, Next: net_\n+0003e4c0: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 ipv6_autoconf, \n+0003e4d0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 Prev: net_dhcp, \n+0003e4e0: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n+0003e4f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e39 commands..17.5.9\n+0003e500: 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 net_get_dhcp_op\n+0003e510: 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tion.-----------\n+0003e520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003e530: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003e540: 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f t_get_dhcp_optio\n+0003e550: 6e20 5641 5220 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 n VAR INTERFACE \n+0003e560: 4e55 4d42 4552 2054 5950 450a 2020 2020 NUMBER TYPE. \n+0003e570: 2052 6571 7565 7374 2044 4843 5020 6f70 Request DHCP op\n+0003e580: 7469 6f6e 204e 554d 4245 5220 6f66 2054 tion NUMBER of T\n+0003e590: 5950 4520 7669 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 YPE via INTERFAC\n+0003e5a0: 452e 2020 5459 5045 2063 616e 2062 6520 E. TYPE can be \n+0003e5b0: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 9873 one. of ...s\n+0003e5c0: 7472 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 756d tring..., ...num\n+0003e5d0: 6265 72e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6578 ber... or ...hex\n+0003e5e0: e280 992e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 .... If option \n+0003e5f0: 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6173 7369 676e is found, assign\n+0003e600: 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6520 its. value \n+0003e610: 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e to variable VAR.\n+0003e620: 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206f 6620 7479 7065 Values of type\n+0003e630: 7320 e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 2061 s ...number... a\n+0003e640: 6e64 20e2 8098 6865 78e2 8099 2061 7265 nd ...hex... are\n+0003e650: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 . converted \n+0003e660: 746f 2073 7472 696e 6720 7265 7072 6573 to string repres\n+0003e670: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c entation.....Fil\n+0003e680: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003e690: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 ode: net_ipv6_au\n+0003e6a0: 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e toconf, Next: n\n+0003e6b0: 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 et_ls_addr, Pre\n+0003e6c0: 763a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f v: net_get_dhcp_\n+0003e6d0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 option, Up: Net\n+0003e6e0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+0003e6f0: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3020 6e65 745f 6970 ..17.5.10 net_ip\n+0003e700: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 660a 2d2d 2d2d v6_autoconf.----\n 0003e710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e720: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003e730: 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e net_ipv6_autocon\n-0003e740: 6620 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 f [CARD]. Pe\n-0003e750: 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 rform IPv6 autoc\n-0003e760: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 onfiguration by \n-0003e770: 6164 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4341 adding to the CA\n-0003e780: 5244 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 RD interface wit\n-0003e790: 680a 2020 2020 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 h. name CARD\n-0003e7a0: e280 983a 6c69 6e6b e280 9920 616e 6420 ...:link... and \n-0003e7b0: 6c69 6e6b 206c 6f63 616c 204d 4143 2d62 link local MAC-b\n-0003e7c0: 6173 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2049 ased address. I\n-0003e7d0: 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 6973 0a20 2020 f no card is. \n-0003e7e0: 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2070 6572 specified, per\n-0003e7f0: 666f 726d 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 form autoconfigu\n-0003e800: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2065 ration for all e\n-0003e810: 7869 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e 0a0a xisting cards...\n-0003e820: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003e830: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 o, Node: net_ls\n-0003e840: 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 _addr, Next: ne\n-0003e850: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2050 7265 t_ls_cards, Pre\n-0003e860: 763a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f v: net_ipv6_auto\n-0003e870: 636f 6e66 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f conf, Up: Netwo\n-0003e880: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-0003e890: 3137 2e35 2e31 3120 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 17.5.11 net_ls_a\n-0003e8a0: 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ddr.------------\n-0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003e8c0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 mand: net_ls_add\n-0003e8d0: 720a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 r. List all \n-0003e8e0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2069 6e74 6572 configured inter\n-0003e8f0: 6661 6365 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 faces with their\n-0003e900: 204d 4143 2061 6e64 2049 5020 6164 6472 MAC and IP addr\n-0003e910: 6573 7365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 esses.....File: \n-0003e920: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003e930: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 : net_ls_cards, \n-0003e940: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e Next: net_ls_dn\n-0003e950: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 s, Prev: net_ls\n-0003e960: 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 _addr, Up: Netw\n-0003e970: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003e980: 0a31 372e 352e 3132 206e 6574 5f6c 735f .17.5.12 net_ls_\n-0003e990: 6361 7264 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cards.----------\n-0003e9a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003e9b0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f Command: net_ls_\n-0003e9c0: 6361 7264 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 cards. List \n-0003e9d0: 616c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 6564 206e 6574 all detected net\n-0003e9e0: 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 2077 6974 6820 work cards with \n-0003e9f0: 7468 6569 7220 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 their MAC addres\n-0003ea00: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0003ea10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-0003ea20: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a t_ls_dns, Next:\n-0003ea30: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 net_ls_routes, \n-0003ea40: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 Prev: net_ls_ca\n-0003ea50: 7264 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 rds, Up: Networ\n-0003ea60: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n-0003ea70: 372e 352e 3133 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 7.5.13 net_ls_dn\n-0003ea80: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n-0003ea90: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003eaa0: 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2020 d: net_ls_dns. \n-0003eab0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 List addresse\n-0003eac0: 7320 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 s of DNS servers\n-0003ead0: 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d used during nam\n-0003eae0: 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e lookup.....Fil\n-0003eaf0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003eb00: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 ode: net_ls_rout\n-0003eb10: 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6e es, Next: net_n\n-0003eb20: 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 slookup, Prev: \n-0003eb30: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a net_ls_dns, Up:\n-0003eb40: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-0003eb50: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3420 6e65 ands..17.5.14 ne\n-0003eb60: 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2d2d 2d2d t_ls_routes.----\n+0003e720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003e730: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 nd: net_ipv6_aut\n+0003e740: 6f63 6f6e 6620 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 oconf [CARD]. \n+0003e750: 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 2061 Perform IPv6 a\n+0003e760: 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e utoconfiguration\n+0003e770: 2062 7920 6164 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 by adding to th\n+0003e780: 6520 4341 5244 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e CARD interface\n+0003e790: 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 206e 616d 6520 with. name \n+0003e7a0: 4341 5244 e280 983a 6c69 6e6b e280 9920 CARD...:link... \n+0003e7b0: 616e 6420 6c69 6e6b 206c 6f63 616c 204d and link local M\n+0003e7c0: 4143 2d62 6173 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 AC-based address\n+0003e7d0: 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 6973 . If no card is\n+0003e7e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c . specified,\n+0003e7f0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e perform autocon\n+0003e800: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 figuration for a\n+0003e810: 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 ll existing card\n+0003e820: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0003e830: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+0003e840: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 t_ls_addr, Next\n+0003e850: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 : net_ls_cards, \n+0003e860: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f Prev: net_ipv6_\n+0003e870: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 2055 703a 204e autoconf, Up: N\n+0003e880: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003e890: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3120 6e65 745f ds..17.5.11 net_\n+0003e8a0: 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ls_addr.--------\n+0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003e8c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 Command: net_ls\n+0003e8d0: 5f61 6464 720a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 _addr. List \n+0003e8e0: 616c 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2069 all configured i\n+0003e8f0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7320 7769 7468 2074 nterfaces with t\n+0003e900: 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 6e64 2049 5020 heir MAC and IP \n+0003e910: 6164 6472 6573 7365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 addresses.....Fi\n+0003e920: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003e930: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 Node: net_ls_car\n+0003e940: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c ds, Next: net_l\n+0003e950: 735f 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 s_dns, Prev: ne\n+0003e960: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 t_ls_addr, Up: \n+0003e970: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003e980: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3132 206e 6574 nds..17.5.12 net\n+0003e990: 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _ls_cards.------\n+0003e9a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003e9b0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003e9c0: 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a 2020 2020 204c _ls_cards. L\n+0003e9d0: 6973 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 6564 ist all detected\n+0003e9e0: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 2077 network cards w\n+0003e9f0: 6974 6820 7468 6569 7220 4d41 4320 6164 ith their MAC ad\n+0003ea00: 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 dress.....File: \n+0003ea10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003ea20: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e : net_ls_dns, N\n+0003ea30: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 ext: net_ls_rout\n+0003ea40: 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c es, Prev: net_l\n+0003ea50: 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 s_cards, Up: Ne\n+0003ea60: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003ea70: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3133 206e 6574 5f6c s..17.5.13 net_l\n+0003ea80: 735f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s_dns.----------\n+0003ea90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003eaa0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e mmand: net_ls_dn\n+0003eab0: 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6164 6472 s. List addr\n+0003eac0: 6573 7365 7320 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 esses of DNS ser\n+0003ead0: 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 vers used during\n+0003eae0: 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f name lookup....\n+0003eaf0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003eb00: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Node: net_ls_\n+0003eb10: 726f 7574 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e routes, Next: n\n+0003eb20: 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 5072 et_nslookup, Pr\n+0003eb30: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 ev: net_ls_dns, \n+0003eb40: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n+0003eb50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 commands..17.5.1\n+0003eb60: 3420 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 4 net_ls_routes.\n 0003eb70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003eb80: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003eb90: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2020 net_ls_routes. \n-0003eba0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 List routing \n-0003ebb0: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 entries.....File\n-0003ebc0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003ebd0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 de: net_nslookup\n-0003ebe0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 , Next: net_set\n-0003ebf0: 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 _vlan, Prev: ne\n-0003ec00: 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5570 t_ls_routes, Up\n-0003ec10: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003ec20: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3135 206e mands..17.5.15 n\n-0003ec30: 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d et_nslookup.----\n+0003eb80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003eb90: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 nd: net_ls_route\n+0003eba0: 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 726f 7574 s. List rout\n+0003ebb0: 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 1f0a ing entries.....\n+0003ebc0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003ebd0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f Node: net_nslo\n+0003ebe0: 6f6b 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 okup, Next: net\n+0003ebf0: 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 _set_vlan, Prev\n+0003ec00: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c : net_ls_routes,\n+0003ec10: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003ec20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003ec30: 3135 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 15 net_nslookup.\n 0003ec40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ec50: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003ec60: 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 et_nslookup NAME\n-0003ec70: 205b 5345 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 [SERVER]. R\n-0003ec80: 6573 6f6c 7665 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f esolve address o\n-0003ec90: 6620 4e41 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 f NAME using DNS\n-0003eca0: 2073 6572 7665 7220 5345 5256 4552 2e20 server SERVER. \n-0003ecb0: 2049 6620 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 7220 6973 If no server is\n-0003ecc0: 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 . given, use\n-0003ecd0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6973 7420 6f66 default list of\n-0003ece0: 2073 6572 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c servers.....Fil\n-0003ecf0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003ed00: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 ode: net_set_vla\n-0003ed10: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 n, Prev: net_ns\n-0003ed20: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 lookup, Up: Net\n-0003ed30: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-0003ed40: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3620 6e65 745f 7365 ..17.5.16 net_se\n-0003ed50: 745f 766c 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_vlan.---------\n-0003ed60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003ed70: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 Command: net_se\n-0003ed80: 745f 766c 616e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 t_vlan INTERFACE\n-0003ed90: 2056 4c41 4e49 440a 2020 2020 2053 6574 VLANID. Set\n-0003eda0: 2074 6865 2038 3032 2e31 5120 564c 414e the 802.1Q VLAN\n-0003edb0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2049 identifier on I\n-0003edc0: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2074 6f20 564c 414e NTERFACE to VLAN\n-0003edd0: 4944 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6578 ID. For. ex\n-0003ede0: 616d 706c 652c 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 ample, to set th\n-0003edf0: 6520 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 e VLAN identifie\n-0003ee00: 7220 6f6e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 20e2 r on interface .\n-0003ee10: 8098 6566 696e 6574 31e2 8099 2074 6f0a ..efinet1... to.\n-0003ee20: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3130 30e2 8099 3a0a ...100...:.\n-0003ee30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 . net_s\n-0003ee40: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 et_vlan efinet1 \n-0003ee50: 3130 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 564c 100.. The VL\n-0003ee60: 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6361 AN identifier ca\n-0003ee70: 6e20 6265 2072 656d 6f76 6564 2062 7920 n be removed by \n-0003ee80: 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 2074 6f20 e280 setting it to ..\n-0003ee90: 9830 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .0...:.. \n-0003eea0: 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 net_set_vlan e\n-0003eeb0: 6669 6e65 7431 2030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 finet1 0....File\n-0003eec0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003eed0: 6465 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 de: Undocumented\n-0003eee0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 commands, Prev\n-0003eef0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003ef00: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d mands, Up: Comm\n-0003ef10: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d61 ands..17.6 Comma\n-0003ef20: 6e64 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e nds currently un\n-0003ef30: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d documented.=====\n+0003ec50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003ec60: 643a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 d: net_nslookup \n+0003ec70: 4e41 4d45 205b 5345 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 NAME [SERVER]. \n+0003ec80: 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2061 6464 7265 Resolve addre\n+0003ec90: 7373 206f 6620 4e41 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 ss of NAME using\n+0003eca0: 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7220 5345 5256 DNS server SERV\n+0003ecb0: 4552 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 ER. If no serve\n+0003ecc0: 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c r is. given,\n+0003ecd0: 2075 7365 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6973 use default lis\n+0003ece0: 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f t of servers....\n+0003ecf0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003ed00: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 , Node: net_set\n+0003ed10: 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 _vlan, Prev: ne\n+0003ed20: 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2055 703a t_nslookup, Up:\n+0003ed30: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0003ed40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3620 6e65 ands..17.5.16 ne\n+0003ed50: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d t_set_vlan.-----\n+0003ed60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003ed70: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003ed80: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2049 4e54 4552 t_set_vlan INTER\n+0003ed90: 4641 4345 2056 4c41 4e49 440a 2020 2020 FACE VLANID. \n+0003eda0: 2053 6574 2074 6865 2038 3032 2e31 5120 Set the 802.1Q \n+0003edb0: 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 VLAN identifier \n+0003edc0: 6f6e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2074 6f20 on INTERFACE to \n+0003edd0: 564c 414e 4944 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 VLANID. For. \n+0003ede0: 2020 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 6f20 7365 example, to se\n+0003edf0: 7420 7468 6520 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 t the VLAN ident\n+0003ee00: 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ifier on interfa\n+0003ee10: 6365 20e2 8098 6566 696e 6574 31e2 8099 ce ...efinet1...\n+0003ee20: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3130 30e2 to. ...100.\n+0003ee30: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e ..:.. n\n+0003ee40: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 6566 696e et_set_vlan efin\n+0003ee50: 6574 3120 3130 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 et1 100.. Th\n+0003ee60: 6520 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 e VLAN identifie\n+0003ee70: 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2072 656d 6f76 6564 r can be removed\n+0003ee80: 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 2074 by setting it t\n+0003ee90: 6f20 e280 9830 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 o ...0...:.. \n+0003eea0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c net_set_vl\n+0003eeb0: 616e 2065 6669 6e65 7431 2030 0a0a 1f0a an efinet1 0....\n+0003eec0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003eed0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 Node: Undocume\n+0003eee0: 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 nted commands, \n+0003eef0: 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Prev: Networking\n+0003ef00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 commands, Up: \n+0003ef10: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e36 2043 Commands..17.6 C\n+0003ef20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c ommands currentl\n+0003ef30: 7920 756e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 0a3d y undocumented.=\n 0003ef40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003ef50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-0003ef60: 0a55 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 .Unfortunately, \n-0003ef70: 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d not all GRUB com\n-0003ef80: 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 646f 6375 6d65 mands are docume\n-0003ef90: 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6973 2074 696d nted at this tim\n-0003efa0: 6520 6475 6520 746f 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 e due to.develop\n-0003efb0: 6572 2072 6573 6f75 7263 6520 636f 6e73 er resource cons\n-0003efc0: 7472 6169 6e74 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 traints. One wa\n-0003efd0: 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 6520 y to contribute \n-0003efe0: 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 back to the GRUB\n-0003eff0: 0a70 726f 6a65 6374 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 .project would b\n-0003f000: 6520 746f 2068 656c 7020 646f 6375 6d65 e to help docume\n-0003f010: 6e74 2074 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nt these command\n-0003f020: 732c 2061 6e64 2073 7562 6d69 7420 7061 s, and submit pa\n-0003f030: 7463 6865 7320 6f72 0a69 6465 6173 2074 tches or.ideas t\n-0003f040: 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 696c 696e 6720 6c69 o the mailing li\n-0003f050: 7374 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 st. The followi\n-0003f060: 6e67 2069 7320 6120 286d 6f73 7420 6c69 ng is a (most li\n-0003f070: 6b65 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 kely incomplete)\n-0003f080: 0a6c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 6e64 6f63 756d .list of undocum\n-0003f090: 656e 7465 6420 6f72 2070 6f6f 726c 7920 ented or poorly \n-0003f0a0: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 documented comma\n-0003f0b0: 6e64 7320 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 nds and not all \n-0003f0c0: 6f66 2074 6865 6d0a 6172 6520 616c 6c6f of them.are allo\n-0003f0d0: 7765 6420 666f 7220 616c 6c20 706c 6174 wed for all plat\n-0003f0e0: 666f 726d 732e 2020 5275 6e6e 696e 6720 forms. Running \n-0003f0f0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6865 6c70 the command help\n-0003f100: 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 from within the\n-0003f110: 0a47 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6d61 7920 .GRUB shell may \n-0003f120: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 provide more inf\n-0003f130: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7061 7261 ormation on para\n-0003f140: 6d65 7465 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7361 6765 meters and usage\n-0003f150: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 6c6c ... ... ...all\n-0003f160: 5f66 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 _functional_test\n-0003f170: e280 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 616c 6c20 6675 ... - Run all fu\n-0003f180: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a nctional tests..\n-0003f190: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6261 636b 7472 ... ...backtr\n-0003f1a0: 6163 65e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 2062 ace... - Print b\n-0003f1b0: 6163 6b74 7261 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 acktrace.. ...\n-0003f1c0: 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 ...boottime... \n-0003f1d0: 2d20 5368 6f77 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 - Show boot time\n-0003f1e0: 2073 7461 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 statistics.. \n-0003f1f0: e280 a220 e280 9863 6163 6865 696e 666f ... ...cacheinfo\n-0003f200: e280 9920 2d20 4765 7420 6469 736b 2063 ... - Get disk c\n-0003f210: 6163 6865 2069 6e66 6f2e 0a20 2020 e280 ache info.. ..\n-0003f220: a220 e280 9863 626d 656d 63e2 8099 202d . ...cbmemc... -\n-0003f230: 2053 686f 7720 4342 4d45 4d20 636f 6e73 Show CBMEM cons\n-0003f240: 6f6c 6520 636f 6e74 656e 742e 0a20 2020 ole content.. \n-0003f250: e280 a220 e280 9863 6d6f 7373 6574 e280 ... ...cmosset..\n-0003f260: 9920 2d20 5365 7420 6269 7420 6174 2042 . - Set bit at B\n-0003f270: 5954 453a 4249 5420 696e 2043 4d4f 532e YTE:BIT in CMOS.\n-0003f280: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 . ... ...coreb\n-0003f290: 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 oot_boottime... \n-0003f2a0: 2d20 5368 6f77 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 - Show coreboot \n-0003f2b0: 626f 6f74 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 boot time statis\n-0003f2c0: 7469 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tics.. ... ...\n-0003f2d0: 6475 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 206d dump... - Show m\n-0003f2e0: 656d 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2e0a emory contents..\n-0003f2f0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 6965 6d75 ... ...efiemu\n-0003f300: 5f6c 6f61 6463 6f72 65e2 8099 202d 204c _loadcore... - L\n-0003f310: 6f61 6420 616e 6420 696e 6974 6961 6c69 oad and initiali\n-0003f320: 7a65 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e ze EFI emulator.\n-0003f330: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d . ... ...efiem\n-0003f340: 755f 7072 6570 6172 65e2 8099 202d 2046 u_prepare... - F\n-0003f350: 696e 616c 697a 6520 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 inalize loading \n-0003f360: 6f66 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e of EFI emulator.\n-0003f370: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d . ... ...efiem\n-0003f380: 755f 756e 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 556e u_unload... - Un\n-0003f390: 6c6f 6164 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f load EFI emulato\n-0003f3a0: 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7869 r.. ... ...exi\n-0003f3b0: 74e2 8099 202d 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d t... - Exit from\n-0003f3c0: 2047 5255 422e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 GRUB.. ... ..\n-0003f3d0: 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 .extract_entries\n-0003f3e0: 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d _configfile... -\n-0003f3f0: 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f Load another co\n-0003f400: 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 6275 7420 7461 nfig file but ta\n-0003f410: 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e ke. only men\n-0003f420: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 u entries.. ..\n-0003f430: a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 . ...extract_ent\n-0003f440: 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d ries_source... -\n-0003f450: 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f Load another co\n-0003f460: 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 6f75 nfig file withou\n-0003f470: 740a 2020 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 t. changing \n-0003f480: 636f 6e74 6578 7420 6275 7420 7461 6b65 context but take\n-0003f490: 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 only menu entri\n-0003f4a0: 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 es.. ... ...ex\n-0003f4b0: 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 tract_legacy_ent\n-0003f4c0: 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 ries_configfile.\n-0003f4d0: 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 .. - Parse legac\n-0003f4e0: 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 770a y config in new.\n-0003f4f0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b context tak\n-0003f500: 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e ing only menu en\n-0003f510: 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tries. ... ...\n-0003f520: 6578 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 extract_legacy_e\n-0003f530: 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 ntries_source...\n-0003f540: 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 - Parse legacy \n-0003f550: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 config in same. \n-0003f560: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 context taki\n-0003f570: 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ng only menu ent\n-0003f580: 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 ries. ... ...e\n-0003f590: 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f xtract_syslinux_\n-0003f5a0: 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 entries_configfi\n-0003f5b0: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 le... - Execute \n-0003f5c0: 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 syslinux config \n-0003f5d0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 in. new cont\n-0003f5e0: 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 ext taking only \n-0003f5f0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 menu entries. \n-0003f600: e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 ... ...extract_s\n-0003f610: 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f yslinux_entries_\n-0003f620: 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 source... - Exec\n-0003f630: 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e ute syslinux con\n-0003f640: 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 fig in same. \n-0003f650: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 context taking \n-0003f660: 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 only menu entrie\n-0003f670: 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6661 6b65 s. ... ...fake\n-0003f680: 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4372 6561 7465 bios... - Create\n-0003f690: 2042 494f 532d 6c69 6b65 2073 7472 7563 BIOS-like struc\n-0003f6a0: 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 tures for backwa\n-0003f6b0: 7264 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 rd compatibility\n-0003f6c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2065 7869 7374 . with exist\n-0003f6d0: 696e 6720 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ing OS.. ... .\n-0003f6e0: 8098 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4368 6563 ..file... - Chec\n-0003f6f0: 6b20 6966 2046 494c 4520 6973 206f 6620 k if FILE is of \n-0003f700: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7479 7065 2e0a specified type..\n-0003f710: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 785f 7669 ... ...fix_vi\n-0003f720: 6465 6fe2 8099 202d 2046 6978 2076 6964 deo... - Fix vid\n-0003f730: 656f 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 eo problem.. .\n-0003f740: 80a2 20e2 8098 6670 7377 61e2 8099 202d .. ...fpswa... -\n-0003f750: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2046 5053 5741 2076 Display FPSWA v\n-0003f760: 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ersion.. ... .\n-0003f770: 8098 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 5f74 6573 ..functional_tes\n-0003f780: 74e2 8099 202d 2052 756e 2061 6c6c 206c t... - Run all l\n-0003f790: 6f61 6465 6420 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c oaded functional\n-0003f7a0: 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 tests.. ... .\n-0003f7b0: 8098 6764 6273 7475 625f 6272 6561 6be2 ..gdbstub_break.\n-0003f7c0: 8099 202d 2042 7265 616b 2069 6e74 6f20 .. - Break into \n-0003f7d0: 4744 420a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 GDB. ... ...gd\n-0003f7e0: 6273 7475 62e2 8099 202d 2053 7461 7274 bstub... - Start\n-0003f7f0: 2047 4442 2073 7475 6220 6f6e 2067 6976 GDB stub on giv\n-0003f800: 656e 2070 6f72 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 en port. ... .\n-0003f810: 8098 6764 6273 7475 625f 7374 6f70 e280 ..gdbstub_stop..\n-0003f820: 9920 2d20 5374 6f70 2047 4442 2073 7475 . - Stop GDB stu\n-0003f830: 620a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6864 7061 b. ... ...hdpa\n-0003f840: 726d e280 9920 2d20 4765 742f 7365 7420 rm... - Get/set \n-0003f850: 4154 4120 6469 736b 2070 6172 616d 6574 ATA disk paramet\n-0003f860: 6572 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9868 ers.. ... ...h\n-0003f870: 6578 6475 6d70 5f72 616e 646f 6de2 8099 exdump_random...\n-0003f880: 202d 2048 6578 6475 6d70 2072 616e 646f - Hexdump rando\n-0003f890: 6d20 6461 7461 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 m data.. ... .\n-0003f8a0: 8098 696e 62e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 ..inb... - Read \n-0003f8b0: 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 8-bit value from\n-0003f8c0: 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 PORT.. ... ..\n-0003f8d0: 9869 6e6c e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2033 .inl... - Read 3\n-0003f8e0: 322d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2-bit value from\n-0003f8f0: 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 PORT.. ... ..\n-0003f900: 9869 6e77 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 .inw... - Read 1\n-0003f910: 362d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 6-bit value from\n-0003f920: 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 PORT.. ... ..\n-0003f930: 986a 7065 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 .jpegtest... - T\n-0003f940: 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 ests loading of \n-0003f950: 4a50 4547 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 JPEG bitmap.. \n-0003f960: e280 a220 e280 986b 6579 6d61 70e2 8099 ... ...keymap...\n-0003f970: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6b65 7962 6f61 - Load a keyboa\n-0003f980: 7264 206c 6179 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 e280 rd layout.. ..\n-0003f990: a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 6368 6563 . ...legacy_chec\n-0003f9a0: 6b5f 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 k_password... - \n-0003f9b0: 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 Simulate grub-le\n-0003f9c0: 6761 6379 2027 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 gacy 'password' \n-0003f9d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 command. in \n-0003f9e0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206d 6f64 650a menu entry mode.\n-0003f9f0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 ... ...legacy\n-0003fa00: 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d _configfile... -\n-0003fa10: 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f Parse legacy co\n-0003fa20: 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 nfig in new cont\n-0003fa30: 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 ext. ... ...le\n-0003fa40: 6761 6379 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 gacy_password...\n-0003fa50: 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 - Simulate grub\n-0003fa60: 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 7377 6f72 -legacy 'passwor\n-0003fa70: 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 d' command. ..\n-0003fa80: a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 736f 7572 . ...legacy_sour\n-0003fa90: 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 ce... - Parse le\n-0003faa0: 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 gacy config in s\n-0003fab0: 616d 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 ame context. .\n-0003fac0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 e280 .. ...loadbios..\n-0003fad0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2042 494f 5320 6475 . - Load BIOS du\n-0003fae0: 6d70 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 mp.. ... ...ls\n-0003faf0: 6163 7069 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 acpi... - Show A\n-0003fb00: 4350 4920 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e CPI information.\n-0003fb10: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7361 706d . ... ...lsapm\n-0003fb20: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 504d 2069 ... - Show APM i\n-0003fb30: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 nformation.. .\n-0003fb40: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 .. ...lscoreboot\n-0003fb50: e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2063 6f72 6562 ... - List coreb\n-0003fb60: 6f6f 7420 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 oot tables.. .\n-0003fb70: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6465 76e2 8099 202d .. ...lsdev... -\n-0003fb80: 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 List devices.. \n-0003fb90: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 e280 ... ...lsefi..\n-0003fba0: 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 . - Display EFI \n-0003fbb0: 6861 6e64 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 handles.. ... \n-0003fbc0: e280 986c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 ...lsefimmap... \n-0003fbd0: 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6d65 - Display EFI me\n-0003fbe0: 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 mory map.. ...\n-0003fbf0: 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 62e2 ...lsefisystab.\n-0003fc00: 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 .. - Display EFI\n-0003fc10: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7461 626c 6573 2e0a system tables..\n-0003fc20: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6d6d 6170 ... ...lsmmap\n-0003fc30: e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 206d 656d 6f72 ... - List memor\n-0003fc40: 7920 6d61 7020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 y map provided b\n-0003fc50: 7920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 20e2 y firmware.. .\n-0003fc60: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7063 69e2 8099 202d .. ...lspci... -\n-0003fc70: 204c 6973 7420 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 List PCI device\n-0003fc80: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7373 s.. ... ...lss\n-0003fc90: 616c e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 al... - Display \n-0003fca0: 5341 4c20 7379 7374 656d 2074 6162 6c65 SAL system table\n-0003fcb0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7370 .. ... ...lssp\n-0003fcc0: 64e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 204d 656d d... - Print Mem\n-0003fcd0: 6f72 7920 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ory information.\n-0003fce0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 7070 . ... ...macpp\n-0003fcf0: 6362 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 cbless... - Bles\n-0003fd00: 7320 4449 5220 6f66 2048 4653 206f 7220 s DIR of HFS or \n-0003fd10: 4846 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 HFS+ partition f\n-0003fd20: 6f72 2050 5043 206d 6163 732e 0a20 2020 or PPC macs.. \n-0003fd30: e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 7465 6c62 6c65 ... ...mactelble\n-0003fd40: 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4649 ss... - Bless FI\n-0003fd50: 4c45 206f 6620 4846 5320 6f72 2048 4653 LE of HFS or HFS\n-0003fd60: 2b20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 + partition for \n-0003fd70: 696e 7465 6c20 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 intel macs.. .\n-0003fd80: 80a2 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c .. ...net_set_vl\n-0003fd90: 616e e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 616e 2069 an... - Set an i\n-0003fda0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 2076 6c61 6e20 nterface's vlan \n-0003fdb0: 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 id.. ... ...ou\n-0003fdc0: 7462 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 382d tb... - Write 8-\n-0003fdd0: 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 bit VALUE to POR\n-0003fde0: 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 T.. ... ...out\n-0003fdf0: 6ce2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d l... - Write 32-\n-0003fe00: 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 bit VALUE to POR\n-0003fe10: 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 T.. ... ...out\n-0003fe20: 77e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d w... - Write 16-\n-0003fe30: 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 bit VALUE to POR\n-0003fe40: 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 6369 T.. ... ...pci\n-0003fe50: 6475 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2072 dump... - Show r\n-0003fe60: 6177 2064 756d 7020 6f66 2074 6865 2050 aw dump of the P\n-0003fe70: 4349 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e CI configuration\n-0003fe80: 2073 7061 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 space.. ... .\n-0003fe90: 8098 706e 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 ..pngtest... - T\n-0003fea0: 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 ests loading of \n-0003feb0: 504e 4720 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 PNG bitmap.. .\n-0003fec0: 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f62 7974 65e2 .. ...read_byte.\n-0003fed0: 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 .. - Read 8-bit \n-0003fee0: 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e value from ADDR.\n-0003fef0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f . ... ...read_\n-0003ff00: 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 dword... - Read \n-0003ff10: 3332 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 32-bit value fro\n-0003ff20: 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 m ADDR.. ... .\n-0003ff30: 8098 7265 6164 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d ..read_word... -\n-0003ff40: 2052 6561 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c Read 16-bit val\n-0003ff50: 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 ue from ADDR.. \n-0003ff60: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6369 e280 ... ...setpci..\n-0003ff70: 9920 2d20 4d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 2050 . - Manipulate P\n-0003ff80: 4349 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 CI devices.. .\n-0003ff90: 80a2 20e2 8098 7375 7370 656e 64e2 8099 .. ...suspend...\n-0003ffa0: 202d 2052 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2049 4545 - Return to IEE\n-0003ffb0: 4531 3237 3520 7072 6f6d 7074 2e0a 2020 E1275 prompt.. \n-0003ffc0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 ... ...syslinux\n-0003ffd0: 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d _configfile... -\n-0003ffe0: 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 Execute syslinu\n-0003fff0: 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 x config in new \n-00040000: 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 context. ... .\n-00040010: 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f73 6f75 7263 ..syslinux_sourc\n-00040020: 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 e... - Execute s\n-00040030: 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 yslinux config i\n-00040040: 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 n same context. \n-00040050: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 745f 626c ... ...test_bl\n-00040060: 6f63 6b61 7267 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e ockarg... - Prin\n-00040070: 7420 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6520 626c t and execute bl\n-00040080: 6f63 6b20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e2c 2030 ock argument., 0\n-00040090: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 746c . ... ...testl\n-000400a0: 6f61 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 7468 oad... - Load th\n-000400b0: 6520 7361 6d65 2066 696c 6520 696e 206d e same file in m\n-000400c0: 756c 7469 706c 6520 7761 7973 2e0a 2020 ultiple ways.. \n-000400d0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 7374 7370 6565 ... ...testspee\n-000400e0: 64e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 6669 6c65 d... - Test file\n-000400f0: 2072 6561 6420 7370 6565 642e 0a20 2020 read speed.. \n-00040100: e280 a220 e280 9874 6761 7465 7374 e280 ... ...tgatest..\n-00040110: 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e . - Tests loadin\n-00040120: 6720 6f66 2054 4741 2062 6974 6d61 702e g of TGA bitmap.\n-00040130: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 696d 65e2 . ... ...time.\n-00040140: 8099 202d 204d 6561 7375 7265 2074 696d .. - Measure tim\n-00040150: 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 434f 4d4d 414e e used by COMMAN\n-00040160: 440a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 e280 D. ... ...tr..\n-00040170: 9920 2d20 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5345 . - Translate SE\n-00040180: 5431 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 746f T1 characters to\n-00040190: 2053 4554 3220 696e 2053 5452 494e 472e SET2 in STRING.\n-000401a0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9875 7362 e280 . ... ...usb..\n-000401b0: 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2055 5342 2073 7570 . - Test USB sup\n-000401c0: 706f 7274 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 port.. ... ...\n-000401d0: 7662 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 204c 6973 vbeinfo... - Lis\n-000401e0: 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 t available vide\n-000401f0: 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 o modes. If res\n-00040200: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e olution is given\n-00040210: 0a20 2020 2020 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 7920 . show only \n-00040220: 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2069 modes matching i\n-00040230: 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 6265 t.. ... ...vbe\n-00040240: 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2076 test... - Test v\n-00040250: 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 656d 2e0a ideo subsystem..\n-00040260: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f74 ... ...videot\n-00040270: 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 7669 est... - Test vi\n-00040280: 6465 6f20 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e deo subsystem in\n-00040290: 206d 6f64 6520 5778 482e 0a20 2020 e280 mode WxH.. ..\n-000402a0: a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 5f62 7974 65e2 . ...write_byte.\n-000402b0: 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2038 2d62 6974 .. - Write 8-bit\n-000402c0: 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a VALUE to ADDR..\n-000402d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f ... ...write_\n-000402e0: 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 dword... - Write\n-000402f0: 2033 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 32-bit VALUE to\n-00040300: 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ADDR.. ... ..\n-00040310: 9877 7269 7465 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d .write_word... -\n-00040320: 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 Write 16-bit VA\n-00040330: 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 LUE to ADDR.. \n-00040340: e280 a220 e280 9878 656e 5f63 6174 e280 ... ...xen_cat..\n-00040350: 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f . - List Xen sto\n-00040360: 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 rage.. ... ...\n-00040370: 7865 6e5f 6c73 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 xen_ls... - List\n-00040380: 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 Xen storage.. \n-00040390: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6465 7670 ... ...xnu_devp\n-000403a0: 726f 705f 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f rop_load... - Lo\n-000403b0: 6164 2027 6465 7669 6365 2d70 726f 7065 ad 'device-prope\n-000403c0: 7274 6965 7327 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 rties' dump.. \n-000403d0: e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f75 7569 64e2 ... ...xnu_uuid.\n-000403e0: 8099 202d 2054 7261 6e73 666f 726d 2036 .. - Transform 6\n-000403f0: 342d 6269 7420 5555 4944 2074 6f20 666f 4-bit UUID to fo\n-00040400: 726d 6174 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f rmat suitable fo\n-00040410: 7220 584e 552e 2049 660a 2020 2020 202d r XNU. If. -\n-00040420: 6c20 6973 2067 6976 656e 206b 6565 7020 l is given keep \n-00040430: 6974 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2061 7320 it lowercase as \n-00040440: 646f 6e65 2062 7920 626c 6b69 642e 0a20 done by blkid.. \n-00040450: 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 2d62 6f6f ... ...zfs-boo\n-00040460: 7466 73e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a tfs... - Print Z\n-00040470: 4653 2d42 4f4f 5446 534f 424a 206f 7220 FS-BOOTFSOBJ or \n-00040480: 7374 6f72 6520 6974 2069 6e74 6f20 5641 store it into VA\n-00040490: 5249 4142 4c45 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 RIABLE. ... ..\n-000404a0: 987a 6673 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 5072 .zfsinfo... - Pr\n-000404b0: 696e 7420 5a46 5320 696e 666f 2061 626f int ZFS info abo\n-000404c0: 7574 2044 4556 4943 452e 0a20 2020 e280 ut DEVICE.. ..\n-000404d0: a220 e280 987a 6673 6b65 79e2 8099 202d . ...zfskey... -\n-000404e0: 2049 6d70 6f72 7420 5a46 5320 7772 6170 Import ZFS wrap\n-000404f0: 7069 6e67 206b 6579 2073 746f 7265 6420 ping key stored \n-00040500: 696e 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 in FILE.....File\n-00040510: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00040520: 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 de: Internationa\n-00040530: 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a lisation, Next:\n-00040540: 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5072 6576 Security, Prev\n-00040550: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a : Commands, Up:\n-00040560: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3138 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 Top..18 Interna\n-00040570: 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a tionalisation.**\n-00040580: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00040590: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a31 382e 3120 4368 6172 *****..18.1 Char\n-000405a0: 7365 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d set.============\n-000405b0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 5554 462d ..GRUB uses UTF-\n-000405c0: 3820 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 206f 7468 8 internally oth\n-000405d0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 696e 2072 656e 6465 er than in rende\n-000405e0: 7269 6e67 2077 6865 7265 2073 6f6d 650a ring where some.\n-000405f0: 4752 5542 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6170 GRUB-specific ap\n-00040600: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7265 7072 6573 propriate repres\n-00040610: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 entation is used\n-00040620: 2e20 2041 6c6c 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 . All text file\n-00040630: 730a 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6e s.(including con\n-00040640: 6669 6729 2061 7265 2061 7373 756d 6564 fig) are assumed\n-00040650: 2074 6f20 6265 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2069 to be encoded i\n-00040660: 6e20 5554 462d 382e 0a0a 3138 2e32 2046 n UTF-8...18.2 F\n-00040670: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ilesystems.=====\n-00040680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4e 5446 ===========..NTF\n-00040690: 532c 204a 4653 2c20 5544 462c 2048 4653 S, JFS, UDF, HFS\n-000406a0: 2b2c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 6c6f 6e67 2066 +, exFAT, long f\n-000406b0: 696c 656e 616d 6573 2069 6e20 4641 542c ilenames in FAT,\n-000406c0: 204a 6f6c 6965 7420 7061 7274 206f 660a Joliet part of.\n-000406d0: 4953 4f39 3636 3020 6172 6520 7472 6561 ISO9660 are trea\n-000406e0: 7465 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d31 3620 6173 ted as UTF-16 as\n-000406f0: 2070 6572 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 per specificati\n-00040700: 6f6e 2e20 2041 4653 2061 6e64 2042 4653 on. AFS and BFS\n-00040710: 2061 7265 0a72 6561 6420 6173 2055 5446 are.read as UTF\n-00040720: 2d38 2c20 6167 6169 6e20 6163 636f 7264 -8, again accord\n-00040730: 696e 6720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 ing to specifica\n-00040740: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 7472 4653 2c20 6370 tion. BtrFS, cp\n-00040750: 696f 2c20 7461 722c 0a73 7175 6173 6834 io, tar,.squash4\n-00040760: 2c20 6d69 6e69 782c 206d 696e 6978 322c , minix, minix2,\n-00040770: 206d 696e 6978 332c 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 minix3, ROMFS, \n-00040780: 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c20 5846 532c 2065 ReiserFS, XFS, e\n-00040790: 7874 322c 2065 7874 332c 2065 7874 342c xt2, ext3, ext4,\n-000407a0: 0a46 4154 2028 7368 6f72 7420 6e61 6d65 .FAT (short name\n-000407b0: 7329 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 526f 636b 5269 s), F2FS, RockRi\n-000407c0: 6467 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 4953 4f39 dge part of ISO9\n-000407d0: 3636 302c 206e 696c 6673 322c 2055 4653 660, nilfs2, UFS\n-000407e0: 312c 2055 4653 320a 616e 6420 5a46 5320 1, UFS2.and ZFS \n-000407f0: 6172 6520 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 are assumed to b\n-00040800: 6520 5554 462d 382e 2020 5468 6973 206d e UTF-8. This m\n-00040810: 6967 6874 2062 6520 6661 6c73 6520 6f6e ight be false on\n-00040820: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 systems.configu\n-00040830: 7265 6420 7769 7468 206c 6567 6163 7920 red with legacy \n-00040840: 6368 6172 7365 7420 6275 7420 6173 206c charset but as l\n-00040850: 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 2063 6861 7273 ong as the chars\n-00040860: 6574 2075 7365 6420 6973 0a73 7570 6572 et used is.super\n-00040870: 7365 7420 6f66 2041 5343 4949 2079 6f75 set of ASCII you\n-00040880: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 should be able \n-00040890: 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 4153 4349 492d to access ASCII-\n-000408a0: 6e61 6d65 6420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 416e named files. An\n-000408b0: 640a 6974 2773 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 d.it's recommend\n-000408c0: 6564 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 ed to configure \n-000408d0: 796f 7572 2073 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2075 your system to u\n-000408e0: 7365 2055 5446 2d38 2074 6f20 6163 6365 se UTF-8 to acce\n-000408f0: 7373 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 ss the.filesyste\n-00040900: 6d2c 2063 6f6e 766d 7620 6d61 7920 6865 m, convmv may he\n-00040910: 6c70 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6772 6174 696f lp with migratio\n-00040920: 6e2e 2020 4953 4f39 3636 3020 2870 6c61 n. ISO9660 (pla\n-00040930: 696e 2920 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 730a 6172 in) filenames.ar\n-00040940: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2062 e specified as b\n-00040950: 6569 6e67 2041 5343 4949 206f 7220 6265 eing ASCII or be\n-00040960: 696e 6720 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 7769 ing described wi\n-00040970: 7468 2075 6e73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2065 th unspecified e\n-00040980: 7363 6170 650a 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e scape.sequences.\n-00040990: 2020 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 GRUB assumes t\n-000409a0: 6861 7420 7468 6520 4953 4f39 3636 3020 hat the ISO9660 \n-000409b0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 5554 462d 3820 names are UTF-8 \n-000409c0: 2873 696e 6365 2061 6e79 0a41 5343 4949 (since any.ASCII\n-000409d0: 2069 7320 7661 6c69 6420 5554 462d 3829 is valid UTF-8)\n-000409e0: 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2073 6f6d . There are som\n-000409f0: 6520 6f6c 6420 4344 2d52 4f4d 7320 7768 e old CD-ROMs wh\n-00040a00: 6963 6820 7573 6520 4350 3433 3720 696e ich use CP437 in\n-00040a10: 0a6e 6f6e 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2077 .non-compliant w\n-00040a20: 6179 2e20 2059 6f75 2772 6520 7374 696c ay. You're stil\n-00040a30: 6c20 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 l able to access\n-00040a40: 2066 696c 6573 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 files with name\n-00040a50: 730a 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206f 6e6c s.containing onl\n-00040a60: 7920 4153 4349 4920 6368 6172 6163 7465 y ASCII characte\n-00040a70: 7273 206f 6e20 7375 6368 2066 696c 6573 rs on such files\n-00040a80: 7973 7465 6d73 2074 686f 7567 682e 2020 ystems though. \n-00040a90: 596f 7527 7265 0a61 6c73 6f20 6162 6c65 You're.also able\n-00040aa0: 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2061 6e79 2066 to access any f\n-00040ab0: 696c 6520 6966 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 ile if the files\n-00040ac0: 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2076 ystem contains v\n-00040ad0: 616c 6964 204a 6f6c 6965 740a 2855 5446 alid Joliet.(UTF\n-00040ae0: 2d31 3629 206f 7220 526f 636b 5269 6467 -16) or RockRidg\n-00040af0: 6520 2855 5446 2d38 292e 2020 4146 4653 e (UTF-8). AFFS\n-00040b00: 2c20 5346 5320 616e 6420 4846 5320 6e65 , SFS and HFS ne\n-00040b10: 7665 7220 7573 6520 756e 6963 6f64 6520 ver use unicode \n-00040b20: 616e 640a 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 and.GRUB assumes\n-00040b30: 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2062 6520 696e 204c them to be in L\n-00040b40: 6174 696e 312c 204c 6174 696e 3120 616e atin1, Latin1 an\n-00040b50: 6420 4d61 6352 6f6d 616e 2072 6573 7065 d MacRoman respe\n-00040b60: 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a47 5255 4220 6861 ctively..GRUB ha\n-00040b70: 6e64 6c65 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d ndles filesystem\n-00040b80: 2063 6173 652d 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 case-insensitiv\n-00040b90: 6974 7920 686f 7765 7665 7220 6e6f 2061 ity however no a\n-00040ba0: 7474 656d 7074 2069 730a 7065 7266 6f72 ttempt is.perfor\n-00040bb0: 6d65 6420 6174 2063 6173 6520 636f 6e76 med at case conv\n-00040bc0: 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 696e 7465 726e ersion of intern\n-00040bd0: 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 ational characte\n-00040be0: 7273 2073 6f20 652e 672e 2020 6120 6669 rs so e.g. a fi\n-00040bf0: 6c65 0a6e 616d 6564 206c 6f77 6572 6361 le.named lowerca\n-00040c00: 7365 2067 7265 656b 2061 6c70 6861 2069 se greek alpha i\n-00040c10: 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2064 6966 s treated as dif\n-00040c20: 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 ferent from the \n-00040c30: 6f6e 6520 6e61 6d65 640a 6173 2075 7070 one named.as upp\n-00040c40: 6572 6361 7365 2061 6c70 6861 2e20 2054 ercase alpha. T\n-00040c50: 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2069 he filesystems i\n-00040c60: 6e20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 n questions are \n-00040c70: 4e54 4653 2028 6578 6365 7074 2050 4f53 NTFS (except POS\n-00040c80: 4958 0a6e 616d 6573 7061 6365 292c 2048 IX.namespace), H\n-00040c90: 4653 2b20 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c FS+ (configurabl\n-00040ca0: 6520 6174 206d 6b66 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 e at mkfs time, \n-00040cb0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7365 6e73 6974 default insensit\n-00040cc0: 6976 6529 2c20 5346 530a 2863 6f6e 6669 ive), SFS.(confi\n-00040cd0: 6775 7261 626c 6520 6174 206d 6b66 7320 gurable at mkfs \n-00040ce0: 7469 6d65 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e time, default in\n-00040cf0: 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2c20 4a46 5320 sensitive), JFS \n-00040d00: 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 6174 (configurable at\n-00040d10: 0a6d 6b66 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 6465 6661 .mkfs time, defa\n-00040d20: 756c 7420 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2c20 ult sensitive), \n-00040d30: 4846 532c 2041 4646 532c 2046 4154 2c20 HFS, AFFS, FAT, \n-00040d40: 6578 4641 5420 616e 6420 5a46 530a 2863 exFAT and ZFS.(c\n-00040d50: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 6f6e 2070 onfigurable on p\n-00040d60: 6572 2d73 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 2062 6173 er-subvolume bas\n-00040d70: 6973 2062 7920 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2022 is by property \"\n-00040d80: 6361 7365 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6974 7922 casesensitivity\"\n-00040d90: 2c0a 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 6e73 6974 ,.default sensit\n-00040da0: 6976 6529 2e20 204f 6e20 5a46 5320 7375 ive). On ZFS su\n-00040db0: 6276 6f6c 756d 6573 206d 6172 6b65 6420 bvolumes marked \n-00040dc0: 6173 2063 6173 6520 696e 7365 6e73 6974 as case insensit\n-00040dd0: 6976 6520 6669 6c65 730a 636f 6e74 6169 ive files.contai\n-00040de0: 6e69 6e67 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2069 ning lowercase i\n-00040df0: 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 2063 6861 nternational cha\n-00040e00: 7261 6374 6572 7320 6172 6520 696e 6163 racters are inac\n-00040e10: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2041 6c73 6f0a cessible. Also.\n-00040e20: 6c69 6b65 2061 6c6c 2073 7570 706f 7274 like all support\n-00040e30: 6564 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2065 ed filesystems e\n-00040e40: 7863 6570 7420 4846 532b 2061 6e64 205a xcept HFS+ and Z\n-00040e50: 4653 2028 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 FS (configurable\n-00040e60: 206f 6e0a 7065 722d 7375 6276 6f6c 756d on.per-subvolum\n-00040e70: 6520 6261 7369 7320 6279 2070 726f 7065 e basis by prope\n-00040e80: 7274 7920 226e 6f72 6d61 6c69 7a61 7469 rty \"normalizati\n-00040e90: 6f6e 222c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6f6e on\", default non\n-00040ea0: 6529 2047 5255 420a 6d61 6b65 7320 6e6f e) GRUB.makes no\n-00040eb0: 2061 7474 656d 7074 2061 7420 6368 6563 attempt at chec\n-00040ec0: 6b20 6f66 2063 616e 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 k of canonical e\n-00040ed0: 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 2073 6f20 6120 quivalence so a \n-00040ee0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 752d 6469 6172 file name.u-diar\n-00040ef0: 6573 6973 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 esis is treated \n-00040f00: 6173 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 6672 6f6d as distinct from\n-00040f10: 2075 2b63 6f6d 6269 6e69 6e67 2064 6961 u+combining dia\n-00040f20: 7265 7369 732e 2020 5468 6973 0a68 6f77 resis. This.how\n-00040f30: 6576 6572 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 ever means that \n-00040f40: 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 6163 6365 in order to acce\n-00040f50: 7373 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 2048 4653 2b20 ss file on HFS+ \n-00040f60: 6974 7320 6e61 6d65 206d 7573 7420 6265 its name must be\n-00040f70: 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6e6f .specified in no\n-00040f80: 726d 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 666f 726d rmalisation form\n-00040f90: 2044 2e20 4f6e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c69 7a65 D. On normalize\n-00040fa0: 6420 5a46 5320 7375 6276 6f6c 756d 6573 d ZFS subvolumes\n-00040fb0: 0a66 696c 656e 616d 6573 206f 7574 206f .filenames out o\n-00040fc0: 6620 6e6f 726d 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 f normalisation \n-00040fd0: 6172 6520 696e 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 are inaccessible\n-00040fe0: 2e0a 0a31 382e 3320 4f75 7470 7574 2074 ...18.3 Output t\n-00040ff0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d erminal.========\n-00041000: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4669 ============..Fi\n-00041010: 726d 7761 7265 206f 7574 7075 7420 636f rmware output co\n-00041020: 6e73 6f6c 6520 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2220 nsole \"console\" \n-00041030: 6f6e 2041 5243 2061 6e64 2049 4545 4531 on ARC and IEEE1\n-00041040: 3237 3520 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 275 are limited \n-00041050: 746f 0a41 5343 4949 2e0a 0a20 2020 4249 to.ASCII... BI\n-00041060: 4f53 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 636f 6e73 OS firmware cons\n-00041070: 6f6c 6520 616e 6420 5647 4120 7465 7874 ole and VGA text\n-00041080: 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 are limited to \n-00041090: 4153 4349 4920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 0a70 ASCII and some.p\n-000410a0: 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 0a0a seudographics...\n-000410b0: 2020 204e 6f6e 6520 6f66 2061 626f 7665 None of above\n-000410c0: 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 2069 7320 6170 mentioned is ap\n-000410d0: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 666f 7220 6469 propriate for di\n-000410e0: 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 splaying interna\n-000410f0: 7469 6f6e 616c 0a61 6e64 2061 6e79 2075 tional.and any u\n-00041100: 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2063 6861 7261 nsupported chara\n-00041110: 6374 6572 2069 7320 7265 706c 6163 6564 cter is replaced\n-00041120: 2077 6974 6820 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 206d with question m\n-00041130: 6172 6b20 6578 6365 7074 0a70 7365 7564 ark except.pseud\n-00041140: 6f67 7261 7068 6963 7320 7768 6963 6820 ographics which \n-00041150: 7765 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6170 we attempt to ap\n-00041160: 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 7769 7468 2041 proximate with A\n-00041170: 5343 4949 2e0a 0a20 2020 4546 4920 636f SCII... EFI co\n-00041180: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 206f 7468 nsole on the oth\n-00041190: 6572 2068 616e 6420 6e6f 6d69 6e61 6c6c er hand nominall\n-000411a0: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2055 5446 2d31 y supports UTF-1\n-000411b0: 3620 6275 7420 6163 7475 616c 0a6c 616e 6 but actual.lan\n-000411c0: 6775 6167 6520 636f 7665 7261 6765 2064 guage coverage d\n-000411d0: 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6669 726d 7761 epends on firmwa\n-000411e0: 7265 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7665 re and may be ve\n-000411f0: 7279 206c 696d 6974 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 ry limited... \n-00041200: 5468 6520 656e 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7365 The encoding use\n-00041210: 6420 6f6e 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6361 6e20 d on serial can \n-00041220: 6265 2063 686f 7365 6e20 7769 7468 20e2 be chosen with .\n-00041230: 8098 7465 726d 696e 666f e280 9920 6173 ..terminfo... as\n-00041240: 2065 6974 6865 720a 4153 4349 492c 2055 either.ASCII, U\n-00041250: 5446 2d38 206f 7220 2276 6973 7561 6c20 TF-8 or \"visual \n-00041260: 5554 462d 3822 2e20 204c 6173 7420 6f6e UTF-8\". Last on\n-00041270: 6520 6973 2061 6761 696e 7374 2074 6865 e is against the\n-00041280: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 0a62 specification.b\n-00041290: 7574 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 636f ut results in co\n-000412a0: 7272 6563 7420 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 rrect rendering \n-000412b0: 6f66 2072 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 6674 of right-to-left\n-000412c0: 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2072 6561 6465 7273 on some readers\n-000412d0: 2077 6869 6368 0a64 6f6e 2774 2068 6176 which.don't hav\n-000412e0: 6520 6f77 6e20 6269 6469 2069 6d70 6c65 e own bidi imple\n-000412f0: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 204f mentation... O\n-00041300: 6e20 656d 7520 4752 5542 2063 6865 636b n emu GRUB check\n-00041310: 7320 6966 2063 6861 7273 6574 2069 7320 s if charset is \n-00041320: 5554 462d 3820 616e 6420 7573 6573 2069 UTF-8 and uses i\n-00041330: 7420 6966 2073 6f20 616e 6420 7573 6573 t if so and uses\n-00041340: 0a41 5343 4949 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 .ASCII otherwise\n-00041350: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 ... When using\n-00041360: 2067 6678 7465 726d 206f 7220 6766 786d gfxterm or gfxm\n-00041370: 656e 7520 4752 5542 2069 7473 656c 6620 enu GRUB itself \n-00041380: 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 is responsible f\n-00041390: 6f72 0a72 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6865 or.rendering the\n-000413a0: 2074 6578 742e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 text. In this \n-000413b0: 6361 7365 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 696d case GRUB is lim\n-000413c0: 6974 6564 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 ited by loaded f\n-000413d0: 6f6e 7473 2e20 2049 660a 666f 6e74 7320 onts. If.fonts \n-000413e0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616c 6c20 7265 7175 contain all requ\n-000413f0: 6972 6564 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 ired characters \n-00041400: 7468 656e 2062 6964 6972 6563 7469 6f6e then bidirection\n-00041410: 616c 2074 6578 742c 2063 7572 7369 7665 al text, cursive\n-00041420: 0a76 6172 6961 6e74 7320 616e 6420 636f .variants and co\n-00041430: 6d62 696e 696e 6720 6d61 726b 7320 6f74 mbining marks ot\n-00041440: 6865 7220 7468 616e 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 her than enclosi\n-00041450: 6e67 2c20 6861 6c66 2028 652e 672e 2020 ng, half (e.g. \n-00041460: 6c65 6674 2068 616c 660a 7469 6c64 6520 left half.tilde \n-00041470: 6f72 2063 6f6d 6269 6e69 6e67 206f 7665 or combining ove\n-00041480: 726c 696e 6529 2061 6e64 2064 6f75 626c rline) and doubl\n-00041490: 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 204c 6967 6174 7572 e ones. Ligatur\n-000414a0: 6573 2061 7265 6e27 740a 7375 7070 6f72 es aren't.suppor\n-000414b0: 7465 6420 7468 6f75 6768 2e20 2054 6869 ted though. Thi\n-000414c0: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f76 6572 2045 s should cover E\n-000414d0: 7572 6f70 6561 6e2c 204d 6964 646c 6520 uropean, Middle \n-000414e0: 4561 7374 6572 6e20 2869 6620 796f 750a Eastern (if you.\n-000414f0: 646f 6e27 7420 6d69 6e64 206c 6163 6b20 don't mind lack \n-00041500: 6f66 206c 616d 2d61 6c69 6620 6c69 6761 of lam-alif liga\n-00041510: 7475 7265 2069 6e20 4172 6162 6963 2920 ture in Arabic) \n-00041520: 616e 6420 4561 7374 2041 7369 616e 2073 and East Asian s\n-00041530: 6372 6970 7473 2e0a 4e6f 7461 626c 6520 cripts..Notable \n-00041540: 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7363 7269 unsupported scri\n-00041550: 7074 7320 6172 6520 4272 6168 6d69 6320 pts are Brahmic \n-00041560: 6661 6d69 6c79 2061 6e64 2064 6572 6976 family and deriv\n-00041570: 6564 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 730a 4d6f ed as well as.Mo\n-00041580: 6e67 6f6c 6961 6e2c 2054 6966 696e 6167 ngolian, Tifinag\n-00041590: 682c 204b 6f72 6561 6e20 4a61 6d6f 2028 h, Korean Jamo (\n-000415a0: 7072 6563 6f6d 706f 7365 6420 6368 6172 precomposed char\n-000415b0: 6163 7465 7273 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 0a70 acters have no.p\n-000415c0: 726f 626c 656d 2920 616e 6420 746f 6e61 roblem) and tona\n-000415d0: 6c20 7772 6974 696e 6720 2832 6535 2d32 l writing (2e5-2\n-000415e0: 6539 292e 2020 4752 5542 2061 6c73 6f20 e9). GRUB also \n-000415f0: 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 6465 7072 6563 6174 ignores deprecat\n-00041600: 6564 2028 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 ed (as.specified\n-00041610: 2069 6e20 556e 6963 6f64 6529 2063 6861 in Unicode) cha\n-00041620: 7261 6374 6572 7320 2865 2e67 2e20 2074 racters (e.g. t\n-00041630: 6167 7329 2e20 2047 5255 4220 616c 736f ags). GRUB also\n-00041640: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2068 616e 646c 650a doesn't handle.\n-00041650: 736f 2063 616c 6c65 6420 2261 6e6e 6f74 so called \"annot\n-00041660: 6174 696f 6e20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 ation characters\n-00041670: 2220 4966 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2063 6f6d \" If you can com\n-00041680: 706c 6574 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f 6620 plete either of \n-00041690: 7477 6f0a 6c69 7374 7320 6f72 2c20 6265 two.lists or, be\n-000416a0: 7474 6572 2c20 7072 6f70 6f73 6520 6120 tter, propose a \n-000416b0: 7061 7463 6820 746f 2069 6d70 726f 7665 patch to improve\n-000416c0: 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2c20 706c 6561 rendering, plea\n-000416d0: 7365 2063 6f6e 7461 6374 0a64 6576 656c se contact.devel\n-000416e0: 6f70 6572 2074 6561 6d2e 0a0a 3138 2e34 oper team...18.4\n-000416f0: 2049 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a Input terminal.\n-00041700: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00041710: 3d3d 3d0a 0a46 6972 6d77 6172 6520 636f ===..Firmware co\n-00041720: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2042 494f 532c 2049 nsole on BIOS, I\n-00041730: 4545 4531 3237 3520 616e 6420 4152 4320 EEE1275 and ARC \n-00041740: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 616c 6c6f 7720 796f doesn't allow yo\n-00041750: 7520 746f 2065 6e74 6572 0a6e 6f6e 2d41 u to enter.non-A\n-00041760: 5343 4949 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 732e SCII characters.\n-00041770: 2020 4546 4920 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 EFI specificat\n-00041780: 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2066 6f72 2073 ion allows for s\n-00041790: 7563 6820 6275 7420 6175 7468 6f72 2069 uch but author i\n-000417a0: 730a 756e 6177 6172 6520 6f66 2061 6e79 s.unaware of any\n-000417b0: 2061 6374 7561 6c20 696d 706c 656d 656e actual implemen\n-000417c0: 7461 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7269 616c tations. Serial\n-000417d0: 2069 6e70 7574 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e input is curren\n-000417e0: 746c 790a 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 666f 7220 tly.limited for \n-000417f0: 6c61 7469 6e31 2028 756e 6c69 6b65 6c79 latin1 (unlikely\n-00041800: 2074 6f20 6368 616e 6765 292e 2020 4f77 to change). Ow\n-00041810: 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2069 6d70 6c65 n keyboard imple\n-00041820: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e73 0a28 6174 5f6b mentations.(at_k\n-00041830: 6579 626f 6172 6420 616e 6420 7573 625f eyboard and usb_\n-00041840: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2920 7375 7070 6f72 keyboard) suppor\n-00041850: 7473 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2062 7574 2077 ts any key but w\n-00041860: 6f72 6b20 6f6e 0a6f 6e65 2d63 6861 722d ork on.one-char-\n-00041870: 7065 722d 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 per-keystroke. \n-00041880: 536f 206e 6f20 6465 6164 206b 6579 7320 So no dead keys \n-00041890: 6f72 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 696e 7075 or advanced inpu\n-000418a0: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 2e20 2041 6c73 6f0a t method. Also.\n-000418b0: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6b65 796d there is no keym\n-000418c0: 6170 2063 6861 6e67 6520 686f 746b 6579 ap change hotkey\n-000418d0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7072 6163 7469 6365 2069 . In practice i\n-000418e0: 7420 6d61 6b65 7320 6469 6666 6963 756c t makes difficul\n-000418f0: 7420 746f 0a65 6e74 6572 2061 6e79 2074 t to.enter any t\n-00041900: 6578 7420 7573 696e 6720 6e6f 6e2d 4c61 ext using non-La\n-00041910: 7469 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 2e20 204d tin alphabet. M\n-00041920: 6f72 656f 7665 7220 616c 6c20 6375 7272 oreover all curr\n-00041930: 656e 7420 696e 7075 740a 636f 6e73 756d ent input.consum\n-00041940: 6572 7320 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ers are limited \n-00041950: 746f 2041 5343 4949 2e0a 0a31 382e 3520 to ASCII...18.5 \n-00041960: 4765 7474 6578 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Gettext.========\n-00041970: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f ====..GRUB suppo\n-00041980: 7274 7320 6265 696e 6720 7472 616e 736c rts being transl\n-00041990: 6174 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6869 7320 ated. For this \n-000419a0: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6861 7665 you need to have\n-000419b0: 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 2a2e 6d6f 0a66 language *.mo.f\n-000419c0: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 2470 7265 6669 782f iles in $prefix/\n-000419d0: 6c6f 6361 6c65 2c20 6c6f 6164 2067 6574 locale, load get\n-000419e0: 7465 7874 206d 6f64 756c 6520 616e 6420 text module and \n-000419f0: 7365 7420 226c 616e 6722 2076 6172 6961 set \"lang\" varia\n-00041a00: 626c 652e 0a0a 3138 2e36 2052 6567 6578 ble...18.6 Regex\n-00041a10: 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 p.===========..R\n-00041a20: 6567 6578 7073 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2075 egexps work on u\n-00041a30: 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 nicode character\n-00041a40: 732c 2068 6f77 6576 6572 206e 6f20 6174 s, however no at\n-00041a50: 7465 6d70 7420 6174 2063 6865 636b 696e tempt at checkin\n-00041a60: 670a 6361 6e6e 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 7175 g.cannonical equ\n-00041a70: 6976 616c 656e 6365 2068 6173 2062 6565 ivalence has bee\n-00041a80: 6e20 6d61 6465 2e20 204d 6f72 656f 7665 n made. Moreove\n-00041a90: 7220 7468 6520 636c 6173 7365 7320 6c69 r the classes li\n-00041aa0: 6b65 0a5b 3a61 6c70 6861 3a5d 206d 6174 ke.[:alpha:] mat\n-00041ab0: 6368 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 4920 7375 ch only ASCII su\n-00041ac0: 6273 6574 2e0a 0a31 382e 3720 4f74 6865 bset...18.7 Othe\n-00041ad0: 720a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4375 r.==========..Cu\n-00041ae0: 7272 656e 746c 7920 4752 5542 2061 6c77 rrently GRUB alw\n-00041af0: 6179 7320 7573 6573 2059 4541 522d 4d4f ays uses YEAR-MO\n-00041b00: 4e54 482d 4441 5920 484f 5552 3a4d 494e NTH-DAY HOUR:MIN\n-00041b10: 5554 453a 5345 434f 4e44 205b 5745 454b UTE:SECOND [WEEK\n-00041b20: 4441 595d 0a32 342d 686f 7572 2064 6174 DAY].24-hour dat\n-00041b30: 6574 696d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2062 7574 etime format but\n-00041b40: 2077 6565 6b64 6179 7320 6172 6520 7472 weekdays are tr\n-00041b50: 616e 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2047 5255 4220 anslated. GRUB \n-00041b60: 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 730a 7468 6520 always uses.the \n-00041b70: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 2066 decimal number f\n-00041b80: 6f72 6d61 7420 7769 7468 205b 302d 395d ormat with [0-9]\n-00041b90: 2061 7320 6469 6769 7473 2061 6e64 202e as digits and .\n-00041ba0: 2020 6173 2064 6573 6369 6d61 6c0a 7365 as descimal.se\n-00041bb0: 7061 7261 746f 7220 616e 6420 6e6f 2067 parator and no g\n-00041bc0: 726f 7570 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2e20 roup separator. \n-00041bd0: 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 616c 6961 7365 IEEE1275 aliase\n-00041be0: 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 640a 6361 s are matched.ca\n-00041bf0: 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7665 6c79 se-insensitively\n-00041c00: 2065 7863 6570 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 except non-ASCI\n-00041c10: 4920 7768 6963 6820 6973 206d 6174 6368 I which is match\n-00041c20: 6564 2061 7320 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 2053 ed as binary. S\n-00041c30: 696d 696c 6172 0a62 6568 6176 696f 7572 imilar.behaviour\n-00041c40: 2069 7320 666f 7220 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 is for matching\n-00041c50: 204f 5342 756e 646c 6552 6571 7569 7265 OSBundleRequire\n-00041c60: 642e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4945 4545 3132 d. Since IEEE12\n-00041c70: 3735 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2061 6e64 0a4f 75 aliases and.O\n-00041c80: 5342 756e 646c 6552 6571 7569 7265 6420 SBundleRequired \n-00041c90: 646f 6e27 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e don't contain an\n-00041ca0: 7920 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 6974 2073 y non-ASCII it s\n-00041cb0: 686f 756c 6420 6e65 7665 7220 6265 2061 hould never be a\n-00041cc0: 0a70 726f 626c 656d 2069 6e20 7072 6163 .problem in prac\n-00041cd0: 7469 6365 2e20 2043 6173 652d 7365 6e73 tice. Case-sens\n-00041ce0: 6974 6976 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 itive identifier\n-00041cf0: 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 6420 6173 s are matched as\n-00041d00: 2072 6177 0a73 7472 696e 6773 2c20 6e6f raw.strings, no\n-00041d10: 2063 616e 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 7175 6976 canonical equiv\n-00041d20: 616c 656e 6365 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 alence check is \n-00041d30: 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 4361 7365 performed. Case\n-00041d40: 2d69 6e73 656e 7374 6976 650a 6964 656e -insenstive.iden\n-00041d50: 7469 6669 6572 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 tifiers are matc\n-00041d60: 6865 6420 6173 2052 4157 2062 7574 2061 hed as RAW but a\n-00041d70: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 5b61 2d7a dditionally [a-z\n-00041d80: 5d20 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 ] is equivalent \n-00041d90: 746f 0a5b 412d 5a5d 2e20 4752 5542 2d64 to.[A-Z]. GRUB-d\n-00041da0: 6566 696e 6564 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 efined identifie\n-00041db0: 7273 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 rs use only ASCI\n-00041dc0: 4920 616e 6420 736f 2073 686f 756c 640a I and so should.\n-00041dd0: 7573 6572 2d64 6566 696e 6564 206f 6e65 user-defined one\n-00041de0: 732e 2020 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 s. Identifiers \n-00041df0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206e 6f6e 2d41 containing non-A\n-00041e00: 5343 4949 206d 6179 2077 6f72 6b20 6275 SCII may work bu\n-00041e10: 7420 6172 656e 2774 0a73 7570 706f 7274 t aren't.support\n-00041e20: 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 4153 ed. Only the AS\n-00041e30: 4349 4920 7370 6163 6520 6368 6172 6163 CII space charac\n-00041e40: 7465 7273 2028 7370 6163 6520 552b 3030 ters (space U+00\n-00041e50: 3230 2c20 7461 6220 552b 3030 3062 2c0a 20, tab U+000b,.\n-00041e60: 4352 2055 2b30 3030 6420 616e 6420 4c46 CR U+000d and LF\n-00041e70: 2055 2b30 3030 6129 2061 7265 2072 6563 U+000a) are rec\n-00041e80: 6f67 6e69 7365 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 ognised. Other \n-00041e90: 756e 6963 6f64 6520 7370 6163 6520 6368 unicode space ch\n-00041ea0: 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a61 7265 6e27 7420 aracters.aren't \n-00041eb0: 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6669 656c 6420 7365 a valid field se\n-00041ec0: 7061 7261 746f 722e 2020 e280 9874 6573 parator. ...tes\n-00041ed0: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 7374 t... (*note test\n-00041ee0: 3a3a 2920 7465 7374 7320 3c2c 203e 2c20 ::) tests <, >, \n-00041ef0: 3c3d 2c0a 3e3d 2c20 2d70 6774 2061 6e64 <=,.>=, -pgt and\n-00041f00: 202d 706c 7420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 -plt compare th\n-00041f10: 6520 7374 7269 6e67 7320 696e 2074 6865 e strings in the\n-00041f20: 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c lexicographical\n-00041f30: 206f 7264 6572 206f 660a 756e 6963 6f64 order of.unicod\n-00041f40: 6520 636f 6465 706f 696e 7473 2c20 7265 e codepoints, re\n-00041f50: 706c 6963 6174 696e 6720 7468 6520 6265 plicating the be\n-00041f60: 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6573 7420 haviour of test \n-00041f70: 6672 6f6d 2063 6f72 6575 7469 6c73 2e0a from coreutils..\n-00041f80: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00041f90: 6162 6c65 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d6d 616e ables and comman\n-00041fa0: 6473 2061 7265 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e ds are listed in\n-00041fb0: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6f72 6465 722e the same order.\n-00041fc0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00041fd0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 nfo, Node: Secu\n-00041fe0: 7269 7479 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2050 6c61 rity, Next: Pla\n-00041ff0: 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e tform limitation\n-00042000: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7465 726e s, Prev: Intern\n-00042010: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 ationalisation, \n-00042020: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3139 2053 6563 Up: Top..19 Sec\n-00042030: 7572 6974 790a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a urity.**********\n-00042040: 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4175 *..* Menu:..* Au\n-00042050: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 thentication and\n-00042060: 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a authorisation::\n-00042070: 2055 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2061 6363 6573 Users and acces\n-00042080: 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 2a20 5573 696e s control.* Usin\n-00042090: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n-000420a0: 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 ures:: B\n-000420b0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 ooting digitally\n-000420c0: 2073 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 0a2a 2055 signed code.* U\n-000420d0: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI secure boot \n-000420e0: 616e 6420 7368 696d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 and shim:: \n-000420f0: 2020 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 Booting digita\n-00042100: 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2050 4520 6669 lly signed PE fi\n-00042110: 6c65 730a 2a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f les.* Secure Boo\n-00042120: 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 t Advanced Targe\n-00042130: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2045 6d62 6564 6465 ting:: Embedde\n-00042140: 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f d information fo\n-00042150: 7220 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d r generation num\n-00042160: 6265 7220 6261 7365 6420 7265 766f 6361 ber based revoca\n-00042170: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 tion.* Measured \n-00042180: 426f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Boot:: \n-00042190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d65 6173 7572 Measur\n-000421a0: 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ing boot compone\n-000421b0: 6e74 730a 2a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a nts.* Lockdown::\n-000421c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000421d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 Lockdow\n-000421e0: 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 206f n when booting o\n-000421f0: 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 2073 6574 7570 n a secure setup\n-00042200: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00042210: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4175 7468 nfo, Node: Auth\n-00042220: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 entication and a\n-00042230: 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e uthorisation, N\n-00042240: 6578 743a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 ext: Using digit\n-00042250: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 al signatures, \n-00042260: 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 Up: Security..19\n-00042270: 2e31 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f .1 Authenticatio\n-00042280: 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 n and authorisat\n-00042290: 696f 6e20 696e 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d ion in GRUB.====\n+0003ef50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0003ef60: 3d3d 3d0a 0a55 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 ===..Unfortunate\n+0003ef70: 6c79 2c20 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 4752 5542 ly, not all GRUB\n+0003ef80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 646f commands are do\n+0003ef90: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6973 cumented at this\n+0003efa0: 2074 696d 6520 6475 6520 746f 0a64 6576 time due to.dev\n+0003efb0: 656c 6f70 6572 2072 6573 6f75 7263 6520 eloper resource \n+0003efc0: 636f 6e73 7472 6169 6e74 732e 2020 4f6e constraints. On\n+0003efd0: 6520 7761 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 e way to contrib\n+0003efe0: 7574 6520 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ute back to the \n+0003eff0: 4752 5542 0a70 726f 6a65 6374 2077 6f75 GRUB.project wou\n+0003f000: 6c64 2062 6520 746f 2068 656c 7020 646f ld be to help do\n+0003f010: 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 7365 2063 6f6d cument these com\n+0003f020: 6d61 6e64 732c 2061 6e64 2073 7562 6d69 mands, and submi\n+0003f030: 7420 7061 7463 6865 7320 6f72 0a69 6465 t patches or.ide\n+0003f040: 6173 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 696c 696e as to the mailin\n+0003f050: 6720 6c69 7374 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6c g list. The fol\n+0003f060: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 286d 6f73 lowing is a (mos\n+0003f070: 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c t likely incompl\n+0003f080: 6574 6529 0a6c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 6e64 ete).list of und\n+0003f090: 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 6f72 2070 6f6f ocumented or poo\n+0003f0a0: 726c 7920 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 rly documented c\n+0003f0b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 ommands and not \n+0003f0c0: 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 6d0a 6172 6520 all of them.are \n+0003f0d0: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 666f 7220 616c 6c20 allowed for all \n+0003f0e0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5275 6e6e platforms. Runn\n+0003f0f0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ing the command \n+0003f100: 6865 6c70 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e help from within\n+0003f110: 2074 6865 0a47 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 the.GRUB shell \n+0003f120: 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6d6f 7265 may provide more\n+0003f130: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 information on \n+0003f140: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2061 6e64 2075 parameters and u\n+0003f150: 7361 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 sage... ... ..\n+0003f160: 9861 6c6c 5f66 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f .all_functional_\n+0003f170: 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 616c test... - Run al\n+0003f180: 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 l functional tes\n+0003f190: 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6261 ts.. ... ...ba\n+0003f1a0: 636b 7472 6163 65e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 cktrace... - Pri\n+0003f1b0: 6e74 2062 6163 6b74 7261 6365 2e0a 2020 nt backtrace.. \n+0003f1c0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 ... ...boottime\n+0003f1d0: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2062 6f6f 7420 ... - Show boot \n+0003f1e0: 7469 6d65 2073 7461 7469 7374 6963 732e time statistics.\n+0003f1f0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6163 6865 . ... ...cache\n+0003f200: 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 4765 7420 6469 info... - Get di\n+0003f210: 736b 2063 6163 6865 2069 6e66 6f2e 0a20 sk cache info.. \n+0003f220: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 626d 656d 63e2 ... ...cbmemc.\n+0003f230: 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 4342 4d45 4d20 .. - Show CBMEM \n+0003f240: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 636f 6e74 656e 742e console content.\n+0003f250: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6d6f 7373 . ... ...cmoss\n+0003f260: 6574 e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 6269 7420 et... - Set bit \n+0003f270: 6174 2042 5954 453a 4249 5420 696e 2043 at BYTE:BIT in C\n+0003f280: 4d4f 532e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 MOS.. ... ...c\n+0003f290: 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 oreboot_boottime\n+0003f2a0: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2063 6f72 6562 ... - Show coreb\n+0003f2b0: 6f6f 7420 626f 6f74 2074 696d 6520 7374 oot boot time st\n+0003f2c0: 6174 6973 7469 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 atistics.. ...\n+0003f2d0: 20e2 8098 6475 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 ...dump... - Sh\n+0003f2e0: 6f77 206d 656d 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 656e ow memory conten\n+0003f2f0: 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 ts.. ... ...ef\n+0003f300: 6965 6d75 5f6c 6f61 6463 6f72 65e2 8099 iemu_loadcore...\n+0003f310: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6420 696e 6974 - Load and init\n+0003f320: 6961 6c69 7a65 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 ialize EFI emula\n+0003f330: 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 tor.. ... ...e\n+0003f340: 6669 656d 755f 7072 6570 6172 65e2 8099 fiemu_prepare...\n+0003f350: 202d 2046 696e 616c 697a 6520 6c6f 6164 - Finalize load\n+0003f360: 696e 6720 6f66 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 ing of EFI emula\n+0003f370: 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 tor.. ... ...e\n+0003f380: 6669 656d 755f 756e 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 fiemu_unload... \n+0003f390: 2d20 556e 6c6f 6164 2045 4649 2065 6d75 - Unload EFI emu\n+0003f3a0: 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 lator.. ... ..\n+0003f3b0: 9865 7869 74e2 8099 202d 2045 7869 7420 .exit... - Exit \n+0003f3c0: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 0a20 2020 e280 from GRUB.. ..\n+0003f3d0: a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 . ...extract_ent\n+0003f3e0: 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 ries_configfile.\n+0003f3f0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 .. - Load anothe\n+0003f400: 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 6275 r config file bu\n+0003f410: 7420 7461 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 t take. only\n+0003f420: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a20 menu entries.. \n+0003f430: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 ... ...extract\n+0003f440: 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 _entries_source.\n+0003f450: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 .. - Load anothe\n+0003f460: 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 7769 r config file wi\n+0003f470: 7468 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2063 6861 6e67 thout. chang\n+0003f480: 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 6275 7420 ing context but \n+0003f490: 7461 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 take only menu e\n+0003f4a0: 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ntries.. ... .\n+0003f4b0: 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 ..extract_legacy\n+0003f4c0: 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 _entries_configf\n+0003f4d0: 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c ile... - Parse l\n+0003f4e0: 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 egacy config in \n+0003f4f0: 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 new. context\n+0003f500: 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e taking only men\n+0003f510: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 u entries. ...\n+0003f520: 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 ...extract_lega\n+0003f530: 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 cy_entries_sourc\n+0003f540: 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 e... - Parse leg\n+0003f550: 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 acy config in sa\n+0003f560: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 me. context \n+0003f570: 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 taking only menu\n+0003f580: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 entries. ... \n+0003f590: e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 ...extract_sysli\n+0003f5a0: 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 nux_entries_conf\n+0003f5b0: 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 igfile... - Exec\n+0003f5c0: 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e ute syslinux con\n+0003f5d0: 6669 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7720 fig in. new \n+0003f5e0: 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f context taking o\n+0003f5f0: 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 nly menu entries\n+0003f600: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 . ... ...extra\n+0003f610: 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 ct_syslinux_entr\n+0003f620: 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 ies_source... - \n+0003f630: 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 Execute syslinux\n+0003f640: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 650a config in same.\n+0003f650: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b context tak\n+0003f660: 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e ing only menu en\n+0003f670: 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tries. ... ...\n+0003f680: 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4372 fakebios... - Cr\n+0003f690: 6561 7465 2042 494f 532d 6c69 6b65 2073 eate BIOS-like s\n+0003f6a0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 6261 tructures for ba\n+0003f6b0: 636b 7761 7264 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 ckward compatibi\n+0003f6c0: 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2065 lity. with e\n+0003f6d0: 7869 7374 696e 6720 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 xisting OS.. .\n+0003f6e0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 .. ...file... - \n+0003f6f0: 4368 6563 6b20 6966 2046 494c 4520 6973 Check if FILE is\n+0003f700: 206f 6620 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7479 of specified ty\n+0003f710: 7065 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 pe.. ... ...fi\n+0003f720: 785f 7669 6465 6fe2 8099 202d 2046 6978 x_video... - Fix\n+0003f730: 2076 6964 656f 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a video problem..\n+0003f740: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6670 7377 61e2 ... ...fpswa.\n+0003f750: 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2046 5053 .. - Display FPS\n+0003f760: 5741 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 WA version.. .\n+0003f770: 80a2 20e2 8098 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c .. ...functional\n+0003f780: 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2052 756e 2061 _test... - Run a\n+0003f790: 6c6c 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6675 6e63 7469 ll loaded functi\n+0003f7a0: 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 onal tests.. .\n+0003f7b0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 625f 6272 .. ...gdbstub_br\n+0003f7c0: 6561 6be2 8099 202d 2042 7265 616b 2069 eak... - Break i\n+0003f7d0: 6e74 6f20 4744 420a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 nto GDB. ... .\n+0003f7e0: 8098 6764 6273 7475 62e2 8099 202d 2053 ..gdbstub... - S\n+0003f7f0: 7461 7274 2047 4442 2073 7475 6220 6f6e tart GDB stub on\n+0003f800: 2067 6976 656e 2070 6f72 740a 2020 20e2 given port. .\n+0003f810: 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 625f 7374 .. ...gdbstub_st\n+0003f820: 6f70 e280 9920 2d20 5374 6f70 2047 4442 op... - Stop GDB\n+0003f830: 2073 7475 620a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 stub. ... ...\n+0003f840: 6864 7061 726d e280 9920 2d20 4765 742f hdparm... - Get/\n+0003f850: 7365 7420 4154 4120 6469 736b 2070 6172 set ATA disk par\n+0003f860: 616d 6574 6572 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ameters.. ... \n+0003f870: e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 5f72 616e 646f ...hexdump_rando\n+0003f880: 6de2 8099 202d 2048 6578 6475 6d70 2072 m... - Hexdump r\n+0003f890: 616e 646f 6d20 6461 7461 2e0a 2020 20e2 andom data.. .\n+0003f8a0: 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 62e2 8099 202d 2052 .. ...inb... - R\n+0003f8b0: 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 ead 8-bit value \n+0003f8c0: 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 from PORT.. ..\n+0003f8d0: a220 e280 9869 6e6c e280 9920 2d20 5265 . ...inl... - Re\n+0003f8e0: 6164 2033 322d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 ad 32-bit value \n+0003f8f0: 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 from PORT.. ..\n+0003f900: a220 e280 9869 6e77 e280 9920 2d20 5265 . ...inw... - Re\n+0003f910: 6164 2031 362d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 ad 16-bit value \n+0003f920: 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 from PORT.. ..\n+0003f930: a220 e280 986a 7065 6774 6573 74e2 8099 . ...jpegtest...\n+0003f940: 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 - Tests loading\n+0003f950: 206f 6620 4a50 4547 2062 6974 6d61 702e of JPEG bitmap.\n+0003f960: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6579 6d61 . ... ...keyma\n+0003f970: 70e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6b65 p... - Load a ke\n+0003f980: 7962 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 742e 0a20 yboard layout.. \n+0003f990: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f ... ...legacy_\n+0003f9a0: 6368 6563 6b5f 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 check_password..\n+0003f9b0: 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 . - Simulate gru\n+0003f9c0: 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 7061 7373 776f b-legacy 'passwo\n+0003f9d0: 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 rd' command. \n+0003f9e0: 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206d in menu entry m\n+0003f9f0: 6f64 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 ode. ... ...le\n+0003fa00: 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 gacy_configfile.\n+0003fa10: 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 .. - Parse legac\n+0003fa20: 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 y config in new \n+0003fa30: 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 context. ... .\n+0003fa40: 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 ..legacy_passwor\n+0003fa50: 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 d... - Simulate \n+0003fa60: 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 grub-legacy 'pas\n+0003fa70: 7377 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 sword' command. \n+0003fa80: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f ... ...legacy_\n+0003fa90: 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 source... - Pars\n+0003faa0: 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 e legacy config \n+0003fab0: 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a in same context.\n+0003fac0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c6f 6164 6269 ... ...loadbi\n+0003fad0: 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2042 494f os... - Load BIO\n+0003fae0: 5320 6475 6d70 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 S dump.. ... .\n+0003faf0: 8098 6c73 6163 7069 e280 9920 2d20 5368 ..lsacpi... - Sh\n+0003fb00: 6f77 2041 4350 4920 696e 666f 726d 6174 ow ACPI informat\n+0003fb10: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c ion.. ... ...l\n+0003fb20: 7361 706d e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 sapm... - Show A\n+0003fb30: 504d 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a PM information..\n+0003fb40: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 636f 7265 ... ...lscore\n+0003fb50: 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2063 boot... - List c\n+0003fb60: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 7461 626c 6573 2e0a oreboot tables..\n+0003fb70: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6465 76e2 ... ...lsdev.\n+0003fb80: 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 .. - List device\n+0003fb90: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 s.. ... ...lse\n+0003fba0: 6669 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 fi... - Display \n+0003fbb0: 4546 4920 6861 6e64 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 EFI handles.. \n+0003fbc0: e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 ... ...lsefimmap\n+0003fbd0: e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 ... - Display EF\n+0003fbe0: 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2e0a 2020 I memory map.. \n+0003fbf0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 6973 7973 ... ...lsefisys\n+0003fc00: 7461 62e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 tab... - Display\n+0003fc10: 2045 4649 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7461 626c EFI system tabl\n+0003fc20: 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 es.. ... ...ls\n+0003fc30: 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 206d mmap... - List m\n+0003fc40: 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 7072 6f76 6964 emory map provid\n+0003fc50: 6564 2062 7920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a ed by firmware..\n+0003fc60: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7063 69e2 ... ...lspci.\n+0003fc70: 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 5043 4920 6465 .. - List PCI de\n+0003fc80: 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 vices.. ... ..\n+0003fc90: 986c 7373 616c e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 .lssal... - Disp\n+0003fca0: 6c61 7920 5341 4c20 7379 7374 656d 2074 lay SAL system t\n+0003fcb0: 6162 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 able.. ... ...\n+0003fcc0: 6c73 7370 64e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 lsspd... - Print\n+0003fcd0: 204d 656d 6f72 7920 696e 666f 726d 6174 Memory informat\n+0003fce0: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d ion.. ... ...m\n+0003fcf0: 6163 7070 6362 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 acppcbless... - \n+0003fd00: 426c 6573 7320 4449 5220 6f66 2048 4653 Bless DIR of HFS\n+0003fd10: 206f 7220 4846 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 or HFS+ partiti\n+0003fd20: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2050 5043 206d 6163 732e on for PPC macs.\n+0003fd30: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 7465 . ... ...macte\n+0003fd40: 6c62 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 lbless... - Bles\n+0003fd50: 7320 4649 4c45 206f 6620 4846 5320 6f72 s FILE of HFS or\n+0003fd60: 2048 4653 2b20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 HFS+ partition \n+0003fd70: 666f 7220 696e 7465 6c20 6d61 6373 2e0a for intel macs..\n+0003fd80: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 7365 ... ...net_se\n+0003fd90: 745f 766c 616e e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 t_vlan... - Set \n+0003fda0: 616e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 2076 an interface's v\n+0003fdb0: 6c61 6e20 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 lan id.. ... .\n+0003fdc0: 8098 6f75 7462 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 ..outb... - Writ\n+0003fdd0: 6520 382d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f e 8-bit VALUE to\n+0003fde0: 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 PORT.. ... ..\n+0003fdf0: 986f 7574 6ce2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 .outl... - Write\n+0003fe00: 2033 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 32-bit VALUE to\n+0003fe10: 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 PORT.. ... ..\n+0003fe20: 986f 7574 77e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 .outw... - Write\n+0003fe30: 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 16-bit VALUE to\n+0003fe40: 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 PORT.. ... ..\n+0003fe50: 9870 6369 6475 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 .pcidump... - Sh\n+0003fe60: 6f77 2072 6177 2064 756d 7020 6f66 2074 ow raw dump of t\n+0003fe70: 6865 2050 4349 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 he PCI configura\n+0003fe80: 7469 6f6e 2073 7061 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 tion space.. .\n+0003fe90: 80a2 20e2 8098 706e 6774 6573 74e2 8099 .. ...pngtest...\n+0003fea0: 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 - Tests loading\n+0003feb0: 206f 6620 504e 4720 6269 746d 6170 2e0a of PNG bitmap..\n+0003fec0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f62 ... ...read_b\n+0003fed0: 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d yte... - Read 8-\n+0003fee0: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 bit value from A\n+0003fef0: 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 DDR.. ... ...r\n+0003ff00: 6561 645f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 ead_dword... - R\n+0003ff10: 6561 6420 3332 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 ead 32-bit value\n+0003ff20: 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 from ADDR.. .\n+0003ff30: 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f77 6f72 64e2 .. ...read_word.\n+0003ff40: 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3136 2d62 6974 .. - Read 16-bit\n+0003ff50: 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 value from ADDR\n+0003ff60: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7365 7470 .. ... ...setp\n+0003ff70: 6369 e280 9920 2d20 4d61 6e69 7075 6c61 ci... - Manipula\n+0003ff80: 7465 2050 4349 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a te PCI devices..\n+0003ff90: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7375 7370 656e ... ...suspen\n+0003ffa0: 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6574 7572 6e20 746f d... - Return to\n+0003ffb0: 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 7072 6f6d 7074 IEEE1275 prompt\n+0003ffc0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c .. ... ...sysl\n+0003ffd0: 696e 7578 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 inux_configfile.\n+0003ffe0: 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 .. - Execute sys\n+0003fff0: 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 linux config in \n+00040000: 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 new context. .\n+00040010: 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f73 .. ...syslinux_s\n+00040020: 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 ource... - Execu\n+00040030: 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 te syslinux conf\n+00040040: 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 ig in same conte\n+00040050: 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 xt. ... ...tes\n+00040060: 745f 626c 6f63 6b61 7267 e280 9920 2d20 t_blockarg... - \n+00040070: 5072 696e 7420 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 Print and execut\n+00040080: 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 e block argument\n+00040090: 2e2c 2030 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 ., 0. ... ...t\n+000400a0: 6573 746c 6f61 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 estload... - Loa\n+000400b0: 6420 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 696c 6520 d the same file \n+000400c0: 696e 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7761 7973 in multiple ways\n+000400d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 7374 .. ... ...test\n+000400e0: 7370 6565 64e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 speed... - Test \n+000400f0: 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 7370 6565 642e file read speed.\n+00040100: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6761 7465 . ... ...tgate\n+00040110: 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f st... - Tests lo\n+00040120: 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2054 4741 2062 6974 ading of TGA bit\n+00040130: 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 map.. ... ...t\n+00040140: 696d 65e2 8099 202d 204d 6561 7375 7265 ime... - Measure\n+00040150: 2074 696d 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 434f time used by CO\n+00040160: 4d4d 414e 440a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 MMAND. ... ...\n+00040170: 7472 e280 9920 2d20 5472 616e 736c 6174 tr... - Translat\n+00040180: 6520 5345 5431 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 e SET1 character\n+00040190: 7320 746f 2053 4554 3220 696e 2053 5452 s to SET2 in STR\n+000401a0: 494e 472e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9875 ING.. ... ...u\n+000401b0: 7362 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2055 5342 sb... - Test USB\n+000401c0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 support.. ...\n+000401d0: 20e2 8098 7662 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d ...vbeinfo... -\n+000401e0: 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 List available \n+000401f0: 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 video modes. If\n+00040200: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 resolution is g\n+00040210: 6976 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7368 6f77 206f iven. show o\n+00040220: 6e6c 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 7463 6869 nly modes matchi\n+00040230: 6e67 2069 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ng it.. ... ..\n+00040240: 9876 6265 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 .vbetest... - Te\n+00040250: 7374 2076 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 st video subsyst\n+00040260: 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7669 em.. ... ...vi\n+00040270: 6465 6f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 deotest... - Tes\n+00040280: 7420 7669 6465 6f20 7375 6273 7973 7465 t video subsyste\n+00040290: 6d20 696e 206d 6f64 6520 5778 482e 0a20 m in mode WxH.. \n+000402a0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 5f62 ... ...write_b\n+000402b0: 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2038 yte... - Write 8\n+000402c0: 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 -bit VALUE to AD\n+000402d0: 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 DR.. ... ...wr\n+000402e0: 6974 655f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 ite_dword... - W\n+000402f0: 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 rite 32-bit VALU\n+00040300: 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 E to ADDR.. ..\n+00040310: a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 5f77 6f72 64e2 . ...write_word.\n+00040320: 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 .. - Write 16-bi\n+00040330: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e t VALUE to ADDR.\n+00040340: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 656e 5f63 . ... ...xen_c\n+00040350: 6174 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e at... - List Xen\n+00040360: 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 storage.. ...\n+00040370: 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f 6c73 e280 9920 2d20 ...xen_ls... - \n+00040380: 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 List Xen storage\n+00040390: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n+000403a0: 6465 7670 726f 705f 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 devprop_load... \n+000403b0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2027 6465 7669 6365 2d70 - Load 'device-p\n+000403c0: 726f 7065 7274 6965 7327 2064 756d 702e roperties' dump.\n+000403d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f75 . ... ...xnu_u\n+000403e0: 7569 64e2 8099 202d 2054 7261 6e73 666f uid... - Transfo\n+000403f0: 726d 2036 342d 6269 7420 5555 4944 2074 rm 64-bit UUID t\n+00040400: 6f20 666f 726d 6174 2073 7569 7461 626c o format suitabl\n+00040410: 6520 666f 7220 584e 552e 2049 660a 2020 e for XNU. If. \n+00040420: 2020 202d 6c20 6973 2067 6976 656e 206b -l is given k\n+00040430: 6565 7020 6974 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 eep it lowercase\n+00040440: 2061 7320 646f 6e65 2062 7920 626c 6b69 as done by blki\n+00040450: 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 d.. ... ...zfs\n+00040460: 2d62 6f6f 7466 73e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 -bootfs... - Pri\n+00040470: 6e74 205a 4653 2d42 4f4f 5446 534f 424a nt ZFS-BOOTFSOBJ\n+00040480: 206f 7220 7374 6f72 6520 6974 2069 6e74 or store it int\n+00040490: 6f20 5641 5249 4142 4c45 0a20 2020 e280 o VARIABLE. ..\n+000404a0: a220 e280 987a 6673 696e 666f e280 9920 . ...zfsinfo... \n+000404b0: 2d20 5072 696e 7420 5a46 5320 696e 666f - Print ZFS info\n+000404c0: 2061 626f 7574 2044 4556 4943 452e 0a20 about DEVICE.. \n+000404d0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 6b65 79e2 ... ...zfskey.\n+000404e0: 8099 202d 2049 6d70 6f72 7420 5a46 5320 .. - Import ZFS \n+000404f0: 7772 6170 7069 6e67 206b 6579 2073 746f wrapping key sto\n+00040500: 7265 6420 696e 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a red in FILE.....\n+00040510: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00040520: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 Node: Internat\n+00040530: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e ionalisation, N\n+00040540: 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 ext: Security, \n+00040550: 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 Prev: Commands, \n+00040560: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3138 2049 6e74 Up: Top..18 Int\n+00040570: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f ernationalisatio\n+00040580: 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n.**************\n+00040590: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a31 382e 3120 *********..18.1 \n+000405a0: 4368 6172 7365 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Charset.========\n+000405b0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 ====..GRUB uses \n+000405c0: 5554 462d 3820 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 UTF-8 internally\n+000405d0: 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 696e 2072 other than in r\n+000405e0: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2077 6865 7265 2073 endering where s\n+000405f0: 6f6d 650a 4752 5542 2d73 7065 6369 6669 ome.GRUB-specifi\n+00040600: 6320 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7265 c appropriate re\n+00040610: 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 presentation is \n+00040620: 7573 6564 2e20 2041 6c6c 2074 6578 7420 used. All text \n+00040630: 6669 6c65 730a 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 files.(including\n+00040640: 2063 6f6e 6669 6729 2061 7265 2061 7373 config) are ass\n+00040650: 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 6e63 6f64 umed to be encod\n+00040660: 6564 2069 6e20 5554 462d 382e 0a0a 3138 ed in UTF-8...18\n+00040670: 2e32 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d .2 Filesystems.=\n+00040680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00040690: 0a4e 5446 532c 204a 4653 2c20 5544 462c .NTFS, JFS, UDF,\n+000406a0: 2048 4653 2b2c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 6c6f HFS+, exFAT, lo\n+000406b0: 6e67 2066 696c 656e 616d 6573 2069 6e20 ng filenames in \n+000406c0: 4641 542c 204a 6f6c 6965 7420 7061 7274 FAT, Joliet part\n+000406d0: 206f 660a 4953 4f39 3636 3020 6172 6520 of.ISO9660 are \n+000406e0: 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d31 treated as UTF-1\n+000406f0: 3620 6173 2070 6572 2073 7065 6369 6669 6 as per specifi\n+00040700: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2041 4653 2061 6e64 cation. AFS and\n+00040710: 2042 4653 2061 7265 0a72 6561 6420 6173 BFS are.read as\n+00040720: 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6167 6169 6e20 6163 UTF-8, again ac\n+00040730: 636f 7264 696e 6720 746f 2073 7065 6369 cording to speci\n+00040740: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 7472 4653 fication. BtrFS\n+00040750: 2c20 6370 696f 2c20 7461 722c 0a73 7175 , cpio, tar,.squ\n+00040760: 6173 6834 2c20 6d69 6e69 782c 206d 696e ash4, minix, min\n+00040770: 6978 322c 206d 696e 6978 332c 2052 4f4d ix2, minix3, ROM\n+00040780: 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c20 5846 FS, ReiserFS, XF\n+00040790: 532c 2065 7874 322c 2065 7874 332c 2065 S, ext2, ext3, e\n+000407a0: 7874 342c 0a46 4154 2028 7368 6f72 7420 xt4,.FAT (short \n+000407b0: 6e61 6d65 7329 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 526f names), F2FS, Ro\n+000407c0: 636b 5269 6467 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 ckRidge part of \n+000407d0: 4953 4f39 3636 302c 206e 696c 6673 322c ISO9660, nilfs2,\n+000407e0: 2055 4653 312c 2055 4653 320a 616e 6420 UFS1, UFS2.and \n+000407f0: 5a46 5320 6172 6520 6173 7375 6d65 6420 ZFS are assumed \n+00040800: 746f 2062 6520 5554 462d 382e 2020 5468 to be UTF-8. Th\n+00040810: 6973 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 6661 6c73 is might be fals\n+00040820: 6520 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a63 6f6e e on systems.con\n+00040830: 6669 6775 7265 6420 7769 7468 206c 6567 figured with leg\n+00040840: 6163 7920 6368 6172 7365 7420 6275 7420 acy charset but \n+00040850: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 2063 as long as the c\n+00040860: 6861 7273 6574 2075 7365 6420 6973 0a73 harset used is.s\n+00040870: 7570 6572 7365 7420 6f66 2041 5343 4949 uperset of ASCII\n+00040880: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 you should be a\n+00040890: 626c 6520 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 4153 ble to access AS\n+000408a0: 4349 492d 6e61 6d65 6420 6669 6c65 732e CII-named files.\n+000408b0: 2020 416e 640a 6974 2773 2072 6563 6f6d And.it's recom\n+000408c0: 6d65 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 mended to config\n+000408d0: 7572 6520 796f 7572 2073 7973 7465 6d20 ure your system \n+000408e0: 746f 2075 7365 2055 5446 2d38 2074 6f20 to use UTF-8 to \n+000408f0: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 access the.files\n+00040900: 7973 7465 6d2c 2063 6f6e 766d 7620 6d61 ystem, convmv ma\n+00040910: 7920 6865 6c70 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6772 y help with migr\n+00040920: 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4953 4f39 3636 3020 ation. ISO9660 \n+00040930: 2870 6c61 696e 2920 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 (plain) filename\n+00040940: 730a 6172 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 s.are specified \n+00040950: 6173 2062 6569 6e67 2041 5343 4949 206f as being ASCII o\n+00040960: 7220 6265 696e 6720 6465 7363 7269 6265 r being describe\n+00040970: 6420 7769 7468 2075 6e73 7065 6369 6669 d with unspecifi\n+00040980: 6564 2065 7363 6170 650a 7365 7175 656e ed escape.sequen\n+00040990: 6365 732e 2020 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d ces. GRUB assum\n+000409a0: 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 4953 4f39 es that the ISO9\n+000409b0: 3636 3020 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 5554 660 names are UT\n+000409c0: 462d 3820 2873 696e 6365 2061 6e79 0a41 F-8 (since any.A\n+000409d0: 5343 4949 2069 7320 7661 6c69 6420 5554 SCII is valid UT\n+000409e0: 462d 3829 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 F-8). There are\n+000409f0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6420 4344 2d52 4f4d some old CD-ROM\n+00040a00: 7320 7768 6963 6820 7573 6520 4350 3433 s which use CP43\n+00040a10: 3720 696e 0a6e 6f6e 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 7 in.non-complia\n+00040a20: 6e74 2077 6179 2e20 2059 6f75 2772 6520 nt way. You're \n+00040a30: 7374 696c 6c20 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6163 still able to ac\n+00040a40: 6365 7373 2066 696c 6573 2077 6974 6820 cess files with \n+00040a50: 6e61 6d65 730a 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 names.containing\n+00040a60: 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 4920 6368 6172 only ASCII char\n+00040a70: 6163 7465 7273 206f 6e20 7375 6368 2066 acters on such f\n+00040a80: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2074 686f 7567 ilesystems thoug\n+00040a90: 682e 2020 596f 7527 7265 0a61 6c73 6f20 h. You're.also \n+00040aa0: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2061 able to access a\n+00040ab0: 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6966 2074 6865 2066 ny file if the f\n+00040ac0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6e74 6169 ilesystem contai\n+00040ad0: 6e73 2076 616c 6964 204a 6f6c 6965 740a ns valid Joliet.\n+00040ae0: 2855 5446 2d31 3629 206f 7220 526f 636b (UTF-16) or Rock\n+00040af0: 5269 6467 6520 2855 5446 2d38 292e 2020 Ridge (UTF-8). \n+00040b00: 4146 4653 2c20 5346 5320 616e 6420 4846 AFFS, SFS and HF\n+00040b10: 5320 6e65 7665 7220 7573 6520 756e 6963 S never use unic\n+00040b20: 6f64 6520 616e 640a 4752 5542 2061 7373 ode and.GRUB ass\n+00040b30: 756d 6573 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2062 6520 umes them to be \n+00040b40: 696e 204c 6174 696e 312c 204c 6174 696e in Latin1, Latin\n+00040b50: 3120 616e 6420 4d61 6352 6f6d 616e 2072 1 and MacRoman r\n+00040b60: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a47 5255 espectively..GRU\n+00040b70: 4220 6861 6e64 6c65 7320 6669 6c65 7379 B handles filesy\n+00040b80: 7374 656d 2063 6173 652d 696e 7365 6e73 stem case-insens\n+00040b90: 6974 6976 6974 7920 686f 7765 7665 7220 itivity however \n+00040ba0: 6e6f 2061 7474 656d 7074 2069 730a 7065 no attempt is.pe\n+00040bb0: 7266 6f72 6d65 6420 6174 2063 6173 6520 rformed at case \n+00040bc0: 636f 6e76 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 696e conversion of in\n+00040bd0: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 6368 6172 ternational char\n+00040be0: 6163 7465 7273 2073 6f20 652e 672e 2020 acters so e.g. \n+00040bf0: 6120 6669 6c65 0a6e 616d 6564 206c 6f77 a file.named low\n+00040c00: 6572 6361 7365 2067 7265 656b 2061 6c70 ercase greek alp\n+00040c10: 6861 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 ha is treated as\n+00040c20: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 different from \n+00040c30: 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 6e61 6d65 640a 6173 the one named.as\n+00040c40: 2075 7070 6572 6361 7365 2061 6c70 6861 uppercase alpha\n+00040c50: 2e20 2054 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 . The filesyste\n+00040c60: 6d73 2069 6e20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 7320 ms in questions \n+00040c70: 6172 6520 4e54 4653 2028 6578 6365 7074 are NTFS (except\n+00040c80: 2050 4f53 4958 0a6e 616d 6573 7061 6365 POSIX.namespace\n+00040c90: 292c 2048 4653 2b20 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 ), HFS+ (configu\n+00040ca0: 7261 626c 6520 6174 206d 6b66 7320 7469 rable at mkfs ti\n+00040cb0: 6d65 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7365 me, default inse\n+00040cc0: 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2c20 5346 530a 2863 nsitive), SFS.(c\n+00040cd0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 6174 206d onfigurable at m\n+00040ce0: 6b66 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 6465 6661 756c kfs time, defaul\n+00040cf0: 7420 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2c20 t insensitive), \n+00040d00: 4a46 5320 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c JFS (configurabl\n+00040d10: 6520 6174 0a6d 6b66 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 e at.mkfs time, \n+00040d20: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 6e73 6974 6976 default sensitiv\n+00040d30: 6529 2c20 4846 532c 2041 4646 532c 2046 e), HFS, AFFS, F\n+00040d40: 4154 2c20 6578 4641 5420 616e 6420 5a46 AT, exFAT and ZF\n+00040d50: 530a 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 S.(configurable \n+00040d60: 6f6e 2070 6572 2d73 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 on per-subvolume\n+00040d70: 2062 6173 6973 2062 7920 7072 6f70 6572 basis by proper\n+00040d80: 7479 2022 6361 7365 7365 6e73 6974 6976 ty \"casesensitiv\n+00040d90: 6974 7922 2c0a 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 ity\",.default se\n+00040da0: 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2e20 204f 6e20 5a46 nsitive). On ZF\n+00040db0: 5320 7375 6276 6f6c 756d 6573 206d 6172 S subvolumes mar\n+00040dc0: 6b65 6420 6173 2063 6173 6520 696e 7365 ked as case inse\n+00040dd0: 6e73 6974 6976 6520 6669 6c65 730a 636f nsitive files.co\n+00040de0: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206c 6f77 6572 6361 ntaining lowerca\n+00040df0: 7365 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c se international\n+00040e00: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6172 6520 characters are \n+00040e10: 696e 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2041 inaccessible. A\n+00040e20: 6c73 6f0a 6c69 6b65 2061 6c6c 2073 7570 lso.like all sup\n+00040e30: 706f 7274 6564 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 ported filesyste\n+00040e40: 6d73 2065 7863 6570 7420 4846 532b 2061 ms except HFS+ a\n+00040e50: 6e64 205a 4653 2028 636f 6e66 6967 7572 nd ZFS (configur\n+00040e60: 6162 6c65 206f 6e0a 7065 722d 7375 6276 able on.per-subv\n+00040e70: 6f6c 756d 6520 6261 7369 7320 6279 2070 olume basis by p\n+00040e80: 726f 7065 7274 7920 226e 6f72 6d61 6c69 roperty \"normali\n+00040e90: 7a61 7469 6f6e 222c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 zation\", default\n+00040ea0: 206e 6f6e 6529 2047 5255 420a 6d61 6b65 none) GRUB.make\n+00040eb0: 7320 6e6f 2061 7474 656d 7074 2061 7420 s no attempt at \n+00040ec0: 6368 6563 6b20 6f66 2063 616e 6f6e 6963 check of canonic\n+00040ed0: 616c 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 2073 al equivalence s\n+00040ee0: 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 752d o a file name.u-\n+00040ef0: 6469 6172 6573 6973 2069 7320 7472 6561 diaresis is trea\n+00040f00: 7465 6420 6173 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 ted as distinct \n+00040f10: 6672 6f6d 2075 2b63 6f6d 6269 6e69 6e67 from u+combining\n+00040f20: 2064 6961 7265 7369 732e 2020 5468 6973 diaresis. This\n+00040f30: 0a68 6f77 6576 6572 206d 6561 6e73 2074 .however means t\n+00040f40: 6861 7420 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 hat in order to \n+00040f50: 6163 6365 7373 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 2048 access file on H\n+00040f60: 4653 2b20 6974 7320 6e61 6d65 206d 7573 FS+ its name mus\n+00040f70: 7420 6265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 t be.specified i\n+00040f80: 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 n normalisation \n+00040f90: 666f 726d 2044 2e20 4f6e 206e 6f72 6d61 form D. On norma\n+00040fa0: 6c69 7a65 6420 5a46 5320 7375 6276 6f6c lized ZFS subvol\n+00040fb0: 756d 6573 0a66 696c 656e 616d 6573 206f umes.filenames o\n+00040fc0: 7574 206f 6620 6e6f 726d 616c 6973 6174 ut of normalisat\n+00040fd0: 696f 6e20 6172 6520 696e 6163 6365 7373 ion are inaccess\n+00040fe0: 6962 6c65 2e0a 0a31 382e 3320 4f75 7470 ible...18.3 Outp\n+00040ff0: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d ut terminal.====\n+00041000: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00041010: 0a0a 4669 726d 7761 7265 206f 7574 7075 ..Firmware outpu\n+00041020: 7420 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2263 6f6e 736f t console \"conso\n+00041030: 6c65 2220 6f6e 2041 5243 2061 6e64 2049 le\" on ARC and I\n+00041040: 4545 4531 3237 3520 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 EEE1275 are limi\n+00041050: 7465 6420 746f 0a41 5343 4949 2e0a 0a20 ted to.ASCII... \n+00041060: 2020 4249 4f53 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 BIOS firmware \n+00041070: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e 6420 5647 4120 console and VGA \n+00041080: 7465 7874 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 text are limited\n+00041090: 2074 6f20 4153 4349 4920 616e 6420 736f to ASCII and so\n+000410a0: 6d65 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 me.pseudographic\n+000410b0: 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e 6520 6f66 2061 s... None of a\n+000410c0: 626f 7665 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 2069 bove mentioned i\n+000410d0: 7320 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 666f s appropriate fo\n+000410e0: 7220 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2069 6e74 r displaying int\n+000410f0: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 0a61 6e64 2061 ernational.and a\n+00041100: 6e79 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2063 ny unsupported c\n+00041110: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2069 7320 7265 706c haracter is repl\n+00041120: 6163 6564 2077 6974 6820 7175 6573 7469 aced with questi\n+00041130: 6f6e 206d 6172 6b20 6578 6365 7074 0a70 on mark except.p\n+00041140: 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 7320 7768 seudographics wh\n+00041150: 6963 6820 7765 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 ich we attempt t\n+00041160: 6f20 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 7769 o approximate wi\n+00041170: 7468 2041 5343 4949 2e0a 0a20 2020 4546 th ASCII... EF\n+00041180: 4920 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 I console on the\n+00041190: 206f 7468 6572 2068 616e 6420 6e6f 6d69 other hand nomi\n+000411a0: 6e61 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2055 nally supports U\n+000411b0: 5446 2d31 3620 6275 7420 6163 7475 616c TF-16 but actual\n+000411c0: 0a6c 616e 6775 6167 6520 636f 7665 7261 .language covera\n+000411d0: 6765 2064 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6669 ge depends on fi\n+000411e0: 726d 7761 7265 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 rmware and may b\n+000411f0: 6520 7665 7279 206c 696d 6974 6564 2e0a e very limited..\n+00041200: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 656e 636f 6469 6e67 . The encoding\n+00041210: 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 6572 6961 6c20 used on serial \n+00041220: 6361 6e20 6265 2063 686f 7365 6e20 7769 can be chosen wi\n+00041230: 7468 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 666f e280 th ...terminfo..\n+00041240: 9920 6173 2065 6974 6865 720a 4153 4349 . as either.ASCI\n+00041250: 492c 2055 5446 2d38 206f 7220 2276 6973 I, UTF-8 or \"vis\n+00041260: 7561 6c20 5554 462d 3822 2e20 204c 6173 ual UTF-8\". Las\n+00041270: 7420 6f6e 6520 6973 2061 6761 696e 7374 t one is against\n+00041280: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 the specificati\n+00041290: 6f6e 0a62 7574 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 on.but results i\n+000412a0: 6e20 636f 7272 6563 7420 7265 6e64 6572 n correct render\n+000412b0: 696e 6720 6f66 2072 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d ing of right-to-\n+000412c0: 6c65 6674 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2072 6561 left on some rea\n+000412d0: 6465 7273 2077 6869 6368 0a64 6f6e 2774 ders which.don't\n+000412e0: 2068 6176 6520 6f77 6e20 6269 6469 2069 have own bidi i\n+000412f0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a mplementation...\n+00041300: 2020 204f 6e20 656d 7520 4752 5542 2063 On emu GRUB c\n+00041310: 6865 636b 7320 6966 2063 6861 7273 6574 hecks if charset\n+00041320: 2069 7320 5554 462d 3820 616e 6420 7573 is UTF-8 and us\n+00041330: 6573 2069 7420 6966 2073 6f20 616e 6420 es it if so and \n+00041340: 7573 6573 0a41 5343 4949 206f 7468 6572 uses.ASCII other\n+00041350: 7769 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2075 wise... When u\n+00041360: 7369 6e67 2067 6678 7465 726d 206f 7220 sing gfxterm or \n+00041370: 6766 786d 656e 7520 4752 5542 2069 7473 gfxmenu GRUB its\n+00041380: 656c 6620 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 elf is responsib\n+00041390: 6c65 2066 6f72 0a72 656e 6465 7269 6e67 le for.rendering\n+000413a0: 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e 2020 496e 2074 the text. In t\n+000413b0: 6869 7320 6361 7365 2047 5255 4220 6973 his case GRUB is\n+000413c0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 limited by load\n+000413d0: 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2049 660a 666f ed fonts. If.fo\n+000413e0: 6e74 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616c 6c20 nts contain all \n+000413f0: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2063 6861 7261 6374 required charact\n+00041400: 6572 7320 7468 656e 2062 6964 6972 6563 ers then bidirec\n+00041410: 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6578 742c 2063 7572 tional text, cur\n+00041420: 7369 7665 0a76 6172 6961 6e74 7320 616e sive.variants an\n+00041430: 6420 636f 6d62 696e 696e 6720 6d61 726b d combining mark\n+00041440: 7320 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 2065 6e63 s other than enc\n+00041450: 6c6f 7369 6e67 2c20 6861 6c66 2028 652e losing, half (e.\n+00041460: 672e 2020 6c65 6674 2068 616c 660a 7469 g. left half.ti\n+00041470: 6c64 6520 6f72 2063 6f6d 6269 6e69 6e67 lde or combining\n+00041480: 206f 7665 726c 696e 6529 2061 6e64 2064 overline) and d\n+00041490: 6f75 626c 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 204c 6967 ouble ones. Lig\n+000414a0: 6174 7572 6573 2061 7265 6e27 740a 7375 atures aren't.su\n+000414b0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7468 6f75 6768 2e20 pported though. \n+000414c0: 2054 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f76 This should cov\n+000414d0: 6572 2045 7572 6f70 6561 6e2c 204d 6964 er European, Mid\n+000414e0: 646c 6520 4561 7374 6572 6e20 2869 6620 dle Eastern (if \n+000414f0: 796f 750a 646f 6e27 7420 6d69 6e64 206c you.don't mind l\n+00041500: 6163 6b20 6f66 206c 616d 2d61 6c69 6620 ack of lam-alif \n+00041510: 6c69 6761 7475 7265 2069 6e20 4172 6162 ligature in Arab\n+00041520: 6963 2920 616e 6420 4561 7374 2041 7369 ic) and East Asi\n+00041530: 616e 2073 6372 6970 7473 2e0a 4e6f 7461 an scripts..Nota\n+00041540: 626c 6520 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 ble unsupported \n+00041550: 7363 7269 7074 7320 6172 6520 4272 6168 scripts are Brah\n+00041560: 6d69 6320 6661 6d69 6c79 2061 6e64 2064 mic family and d\n+00041570: 6572 6976 6564 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 erived as well a\n+00041580: 730a 4d6f 6e67 6f6c 6961 6e2c 2054 6966 s.Mongolian, Tif\n+00041590: 696e 6167 682c 204b 6f72 6561 6e20 4a61 inagh, Korean Ja\n+000415a0: 6d6f 2028 7072 6563 6f6d 706f 7365 6420 mo (precomposed \n+000415b0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2068 6176 6520 characters have \n+000415c0: 6e6f 0a70 726f 626c 656d 2920 616e 6420 no.problem) and \n+000415d0: 746f 6e61 6c20 7772 6974 696e 6720 2832 tonal writing (2\n+000415e0: 6535 2d32 6539 292e 2020 4752 5542 2061 e5-2e9). GRUB a\n+000415f0: 6c73 6f20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 6465 7072 lso ignores depr\n+00041600: 6563 6174 6564 2028 6173 0a73 7065 6369 ecated (as.speci\n+00041610: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 556e 6963 6f64 6529 fied in Unicode)\n+00041620: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 2865 2e67 characters (e.g\n+00041630: 2e20 2074 6167 7329 2e20 2047 5255 4220 . tags). GRUB \n+00041640: 616c 736f 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2068 616e also doesn't han\n+00041650: 646c 650a 736f 2063 616c 6c65 6420 2261 dle.so called \"a\n+00041660: 6e6e 6f74 6174 696f 6e20 6368 6172 6163 nnotation charac\n+00041670: 7465 7273 2220 4966 2079 6f75 2063 616e ters\" If you can\n+00041680: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6520 6569 7468 6572 complete either\n+00041690: 206f 6620 7477 6f0a 6c69 7374 7320 6f72 of two.lists or\n+000416a0: 2c20 6265 7474 6572 2c20 7072 6f70 6f73 , better, propos\n+000416b0: 6520 6120 7061 7463 6820 746f 2069 6d70 e a patch to imp\n+000416c0: 726f 7665 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2c20 rove rendering, \n+000416d0: 706c 6561 7365 2063 6f6e 7461 6374 0a64 please contact.d\n+000416e0: 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2074 6561 6d2e 0a0a eveloper team...\n+000416f0: 3138 2e34 2049 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 18.4 Input termi\n+00041700: 6e61 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nal.============\n+00041710: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a46 6972 6d77 6172 =======..Firmwar\n+00041720: 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2042 494f e console on BIO\n+00041730: 532c 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 616e 6420 S, IEEE1275 and \n+00041740: 4152 4320 646f 6573 6e27 7420 616c 6c6f ARC doesn't allo\n+00041750: 7720 796f 7520 746f 2065 6e74 6572 0a6e w you to enter.n\n+00041760: 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2063 6861 7261 6374 on-ASCII charact\n+00041770: 6572 732e 2020 4546 4920 7370 6563 6966 ers. EFI specif\n+00041780: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2066 ication allows f\n+00041790: 6f72 2073 7563 6820 6275 7420 6175 7468 or such but auth\n+000417a0: 6f72 2069 730a 756e 6177 6172 6520 6f66 or is.unaware of\n+000417b0: 2061 6e79 2061 6374 7561 6c20 696d 706c any actual impl\n+000417c0: 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 ementations. Se\n+000417d0: 7269 616c 2069 6e70 7574 2069 7320 6375 rial input is cu\n+000417e0: 7272 656e 746c 790a 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 rrently.limited \n+000417f0: 666f 7220 6c61 7469 6e31 2028 756e 6c69 for latin1 (unli\n+00041800: 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 6368 616e 6765 292e kely to change).\n+00041810: 2020 4f77 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2069 Own keyboard i\n+00041820: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e73 0a28 mplementations.(\n+00041830: 6174 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 616e 6420 at_keyboard and \n+00041840: 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2920 7375 usb_keyboard) su\n+00041850: 7070 6f72 7473 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2062 pports any key b\n+00041860: 7574 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 0a6f 6e65 2d63 ut work on.one-c\n+00041870: 6861 722d 7065 722d 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b har-per-keystrok\n+00041880: 652e 2020 536f 206e 6f20 6465 6164 206b e. So no dead k\n+00041890: 6579 7320 6f72 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 eys or advanced \n+000418a0: 696e 7075 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 2e20 2041 input method. A\n+000418b0: 6c73 6f0a 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 lso.there is no \n+000418c0: 6b65 796d 6170 2063 6861 6e67 6520 686f keymap change ho\n+000418d0: 746b 6579 2e20 2049 6e20 7072 6163 7469 tkey. In practi\n+000418e0: 6365 2069 7420 6d61 6b65 7320 6469 6666 ce it makes diff\n+000418f0: 6963 756c 7420 746f 0a65 6e74 6572 2061 icult to.enter a\n+00041900: 6e79 2074 6578 7420 7573 696e 6720 6e6f ny text using no\n+00041910: 6e2d 4c61 7469 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 n-Latin alphabet\n+00041920: 2e20 204d 6f72 656f 7665 7220 616c 6c20 . Moreover all \n+00041930: 6375 7272 656e 7420 696e 7075 740a 636f current input.co\n+00041940: 6e73 756d 6572 7320 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 nsumers are limi\n+00041950: 7465 6420 746f 2041 5343 4949 2e0a 0a31 ted to ASCII...1\n+00041960: 382e 3520 4765 7474 6578 740a 3d3d 3d3d 8.5 Gettext.====\n+00041970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 ========..GRUB s\n+00041980: 7570 706f 7274 7320 6265 696e 6720 7472 upports being tr\n+00041990: 616e 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 anslated. For t\n+000419a0: 6869 7320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 his you need to \n+000419b0: 6861 7665 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 2a2e have language *.\n+000419c0: 6d6f 0a66 696c 6573 2069 6e20 2470 7265 mo.files in $pre\n+000419d0: 6669 782f 6c6f 6361 6c65 2c20 6c6f 6164 fix/locale, load\n+000419e0: 2067 6574 7465 7874 206d 6f64 756c 6520 gettext module \n+000419f0: 616e 6420 7365 7420 226c 616e 6722 2076 and set \"lang\" v\n+00041a00: 6172 6961 626c 652e 0a0a 3138 2e36 2052 ariable...18.6 R\n+00041a10: 6567 6578 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d egexp.==========\n+00041a20: 3d0a 0a52 6567 6578 7073 2077 6f72 6b20 =..Regexps work \n+00041a30: 6f6e 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6861 7261 on unicode chara\n+00041a40: 6374 6572 732c 2068 6f77 6576 6572 206e cters, however n\n+00041a50: 6f20 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6174 2063 6865 o attempt at che\n+00041a60: 636b 696e 670a 6361 6e6e 6f6e 6963 616c cking.cannonical\n+00041a70: 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 2068 6173 equivalence has\n+00041a80: 2062 6565 6e20 6d61 6465 2e20 204d 6f72 been made. Mor\n+00041a90: 656f 7665 7220 7468 6520 636c 6173 7365 eover the classe\n+00041aa0: 7320 6c69 6b65 0a5b 3a61 6c70 6861 3a5d s like.[:alpha:]\n+00041ab0: 206d 6174 6368 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 match only ASCI\n+00041ac0: 4920 7375 6273 6574 2e0a 0a31 382e 3720 I subset...18.7 \n+00041ad0: 4f74 6865 720a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Other.==========\n+00041ae0: 0a0a 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 4752 5542 ..Currently GRUB\n+00041af0: 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6573 2059 4541 always uses YEA\n+00041b00: 522d 4d4f 4e54 482d 4441 5920 484f 5552 R-MONTH-DAY HOUR\n+00041b10: 3a4d 494e 5554 453a 5345 434f 4e44 205b :MINUTE:SECOND [\n+00041b20: 5745 454b 4441 595d 0a32 342d 686f 7572 WEEKDAY].24-hour\n+00041b30: 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 666f 726d 6174 datetime format\n+00041b40: 2062 7574 2077 6565 6b64 6179 7320 6172 but weekdays ar\n+00041b50: 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2047 e translated. G\n+00041b60: 5255 4220 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 730a RUB always uses.\n+00041b70: 7468 6520 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6e75 6d62 the decimal numb\n+00041b80: 6572 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7769 7468 205b er format with [\n+00041b90: 302d 395d 2061 7320 6469 6769 7473 2061 0-9] as digits a\n+00041ba0: 6e64 202e 2020 6173 2064 6573 6369 6d61 nd . as descima\n+00041bb0: 6c0a 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 616e 6420 l.separator and \n+00041bc0: 6e6f 2067 726f 7570 2073 6570 6172 6174 no group separat\n+00041bd0: 6f72 2e20 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 616c or. IEEE1275 al\n+00041be0: 6961 7365 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 iases are matche\n+00041bf0: 640a 6361 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7369 7469 d.case-insensiti\n+00041c00: 7665 6c79 2065 7863 6570 7420 6e6f 6e2d vely except non-\n+00041c10: 4153 4349 4920 7768 6963 6820 6973 206d ASCII which is m\n+00041c20: 6174 6368 6564 2061 7320 6269 6e61 7279 atched as binary\n+00041c30: 2e20 2053 696d 696c 6172 0a62 6568 6176 . Similar.behav\n+00041c40: 696f 7572 2069 7320 666f 7220 6d61 7463 iour is for matc\n+00041c50: 6869 6e67 204f 5342 756e 646c 6552 6571 hing OSBundleReq\n+00041c60: 7569 7265 642e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4945 uired. Since IE\n+00041c70: 4545 3132 3735 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2061 EE1275 aliases a\n+00041c80: 6e64 0a4f 5342 756e 646c 6552 6571 7569 nd.OSBundleRequi\n+00041c90: 7265 6420 646f 6e27 7420 636f 6e74 6169 red don't contai\n+00041ca0: 6e20 616e 7920 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 n any non-ASCII \n+00041cb0: 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e65 7665 7220 it should never \n+00041cc0: 6265 2061 0a70 726f 626c 656d 2069 6e20 be a.problem in \n+00041cd0: 7072 6163 7469 6365 2e20 2043 6173 652d practice. Case-\n+00041ce0: 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6520 6964 656e 7469 sensitive identi\n+00041cf0: 6669 6572 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 fiers are matche\n+00041d00: 6420 6173 2072 6177 0a73 7472 696e 6773 d as raw.strings\n+00041d10: 2c20 6e6f 2063 616e 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 , no canonical e\n+00041d20: 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 2063 6865 636b quivalence check\n+00041d30: 2069 7320 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 is performed. \n+00041d40: 4361 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7374 6976 650a Case-insenstive.\n+00041d50: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 6172 6520 identifiers are \n+00041d60: 6d61 7463 6865 6420 6173 2052 4157 2062 matched as RAW b\n+00041d70: 7574 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 ut additionally \n+00041d80: 5b61 2d7a 5d20 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c [a-z] is equival\n+00041d90: 656e 7420 746f 0a5b 412d 5a5d 2e20 4752 ent to.[A-Z]. GR\n+00041da0: 5542 2d64 6566 696e 6564 2069 6465 6e74 UB-defined ident\n+00041db0: 6966 6965 7273 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 ifiers use only \n+00041dc0: 4153 4349 4920 616e 6420 736f 2073 686f ASCII and so sho\n+00041dd0: 756c 640a 7573 6572 2d64 6566 696e 6564 uld.user-defined\n+00041de0: 206f 6e65 732e 2020 4964 656e 7469 6669 ones. Identifi\n+00041df0: 6572 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206e ers containing n\n+00041e00: 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 206d 6179 2077 6f72 on-ASCII may wor\n+00041e10: 6b20 6275 7420 6172 656e 2774 0a73 7570 k but aren't.sup\n+00041e20: 706f 7274 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 7468 ported. Only th\n+00041e30: 6520 4153 4349 4920 7370 6163 6520 6368 e ASCII space ch\n+00041e40: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2028 7370 6163 6520 aracters (space \n+00041e50: 552b 3030 3230 2c20 7461 6220 552b 3030 U+0020, tab U+00\n+00041e60: 3062 2c0a 4352 2055 2b30 3030 6420 616e 0b,.CR U+000d an\n+00041e70: 6420 4c46 2055 2b30 3030 6129 2061 7265 d LF U+000a) are\n+00041e80: 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 642e 2020 4f74 recognised. Ot\n+00041e90: 6865 7220 756e 6963 6f64 6520 7370 6163 her unicode spac\n+00041ea0: 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a61 7265 e characters.are\n+00041eb0: 6e27 7420 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6669 656c n't a valid fiel\n+00041ec0: 6420 7365 7061 7261 746f 722e 2020 e280 d separator. ..\n+00041ed0: 9874 6573 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .test... (*note \n+00041ee0: 7465 7374 3a3a 2920 7465 7374 7320 3c2c test::) tests <,\n+00041ef0: 203e 2c20 3c3d 2c0a 3e3d 2c20 2d70 6774 >, <=,.>=, -pgt\n+00041f00: 2061 6e64 202d 706c 7420 636f 6d70 6172 and -plt compar\n+00041f10: 6520 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 7320 696e e the strings in\n+00041f20: 2074 6865 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 the lexicograph\n+00041f30: 6963 616c 206f 7264 6572 206f 660a 756e ical order of.un\n+00041f40: 6963 6f64 6520 636f 6465 706f 696e 7473 icode codepoints\n+00041f50: 2c20 7265 706c 6963 6174 696e 6720 7468 , replicating th\n+00041f60: 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 e behaviour of t\n+00041f70: 6573 7420 6672 6f6d 2063 6f72 6575 7469 est from coreuti\n+00041f80: 6c73 2e0a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ls..environment \n+00041f90: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 616e 6420 636f variables and co\n+00041fa0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 206c 6973 7465 mmands are liste\n+00041fb0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6f72 d in the same or\n+00041fc0: 6465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 der.....File: gr\n+00041fd0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00041fe0: 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 204e 6578 743a Security, Next:\n+00041ff0: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 Platform limita\n+00042000: 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e tions, Prev: In\n+00042010: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n+00042020: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3139 on, Up: Top..19\n+00042030: 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Security.******\n+00042040: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a *****..* Menu:..\n+00042050: 2a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e * Authentication\n+00042060: 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 and authorisati\n+00042070: 6f6e 3a3a 2055 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2061 on:: Users and a\n+00042080: 6363 6573 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 2a20 ccess control.* \n+00042090: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n+000420a0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 gnatures:: \n+000420b0: 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Booting digit\n+000420c0: 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 ally signed code\n+000420d0: 0a2a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 .* UEFI secure b\n+000420e0: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 3a3a 2020 oot and shim:: \n+000420f0: 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 Booting di\n+00042100: 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2050 gitally signed P\n+00042110: 4520 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 5365 6375 7265 E files.* Secure\n+00042120: 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 Boot Advanced T\n+00042130: 6172 6765 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2045 6d62 argeting:: Emb\n+00042140: 6564 6465 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f edded informatio\n+00042150: 6e20 666f 7220 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e n for generation\n+00042160: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6261 7365 6420 7265 number based re\n+00042170: 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 0a2a 204d 6561 7375 vocation.* Measu\n+00042180: 7265 6420 426f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 red Boot:: \n+00042190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d65 Me\n+000421a0: 6173 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d asuring boot com\n+000421b0: 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 2a20 4c6f 636b 646f ponents.* Lockdo\n+000421c0: 776e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn:: \n+000421d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f63 Loc\n+000421e0: 6b64 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 kdown when booti\n+000421f0: 6e67 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 2073 ng on a secure s\n+00042200: 6574 7570 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 etup....File: gr\n+00042210: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00042220: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 Authentication a\n+00042230: 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e nd authorisation\n+00042240: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 , Next: Using d\n+00042250: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n+00042260: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 s, Up: Security\n+00042270: 0a0a 3139 2e31 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 ..19.1 Authentic\n+00042280: 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 ation and author\n+00042290: 6973 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2047 5255 420a isation in GRUB.\n 000422a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000422b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000422c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7920 6465 =========..By de\n-000422d0: 6661 756c 742c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 fault, the boot \n-000422e0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 loader interface\n-000422f0: 2069 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2074 is accessible t\n-00042300: 6f20 616e 796f 6e65 2077 6974 680a 7068 o anyone with.ph\n-00042310: 7973 6963 616c 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f ysical access to\n-00042320: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 3a20 616e the console: an\n-00042330: 796f 6e65 2063 616e 2073 656c 6563 7420 yone can select \n-00042340: 616e 6420 6564 6974 2061 6e79 206d 656e and edit any men\n-00042350: 750a 656e 7472 792c 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 u.entry, and any\n-00042360: 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 6765 7420 6469 7265 one can get dire\n-00042370: 6374 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2061 2047 ct access to a G\n-00042380: 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 7072 6f6d 7074 RUB shell prompt\n-00042390: 2e20 2046 6f72 0a6d 6f73 7420 7379 7374 . For.most syst\n-000423a0: 656d 732c 2074 6869 7320 6973 2072 6561 ems, this is rea\n-000423b0: 736f 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6e63 6520 616e sonable since an\n-000423c0: 796f 6e65 2077 6974 6820 6469 7265 6374 yone with direct\n-000423d0: 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 6163 6365 7373 physical.access\n-000423e0: 2068 6173 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f has a variety o\n-000423f0: 6620 6f74 6865 7220 7761 7973 2074 6f20 f other ways to \n-00042400: 6761 696e 2066 756c 6c20 6163 6365 7373 gain full access\n-00042410: 2c20 616e 6420 7265 7175 6972 696e 670a , and requiring.\n-00042420: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 authentication a\n-00042430: 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 t the boot loade\n-00042440: 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 776f 756c 6420 6f6e r level would on\n-00042450: 6c79 2073 6572 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 ly serve to make\n-00042460: 2069 740a 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 746f it.difficult to\n-00042470: 2072 6563 6f76 6572 2062 726f 6b65 6e20 recover broken \n-00042480: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 systems... How\n-00042490: 6576 6572 2c20 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 656e ever, in some en\n-000424a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 7375 6368 vironments, such\n-000424b0: 2061 7320 6b69 6f73 6b73 2c20 6974 206d as kiosks, it m\n-000424c0: 6179 2062 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 ay be appropriat\n-000424d0: 650a 746f 206c 6f63 6b20 646f 776e 2074 e.to lock down t\n-000424e0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 he boot loader t\n-000424f0: 6f20 7265 7175 6972 6520 6175 7468 656e o require authen\n-00042500: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 tication before \n-00042510: 7065 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a63 6572 7461 performing.certa\n-00042520: 696e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a in operations...\n-00042530: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f The ...passwo\n-00042540: 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6173 rd... (*note pas\n-00042550: 7377 6f72 643a 3a29 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 sword::) and ...\n-00042560: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 password_pbkdf2.\n-00042570: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7061 7373 776f .. (*note.passwo\n-00042580: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 2063 6f6d rd_pbkdf2::) com\n-00042590: 6d61 6e64 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 mands can be use\n-000425a0: 6420 746f 2064 6566 696e 6520 7573 6572 d to define user\n-000425b0: 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 s, each of which\n-000425c0: 0a68 6173 2061 6e20 6173 736f 6369 6174 .has an associat\n-000425d0: 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e 2020 e280 ed password. ..\n-000425e0: 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 2073 6574 .password... set\n-000425f0: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 s the password i\n-00042600: 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 7465 7874 2c0a 7265 n plain text,.re\n-00042610: 7175 6972 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622e quiring ...grub.\n-00042620: 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6563 cfg... to be sec\n-00042630: 7572 653b 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 ure; ...password\n-00042640: 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2073 6574 7320 _pbkdf2... sets \n-00042650: 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a68 6173 the password.has\n-00042660: 6865 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 5061 hed using the Pa\n-00042670: 7373 776f 7264 2d42 6173 6564 204b 6579 ssword-Based Key\n-00042680: 2044 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 4675 6e63 Derivation Func\n-00042690: 7469 6f6e 2028 5246 4320 3238 3938 292c tion (RFC 2898),\n-000426a0: 0a72 6571 7569 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2075 .requiring the u\n-000426b0: 7365 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b se of ...grub-mk\n-000426c0: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 passwd-pbkdf2...\n-000426d0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 (*note Invoking\n-000426e0: 0a67 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 .grub-mkpasswd-p\n-000426f0: 626b 6466 323a 3a29 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 bkdf2::) to gene\n-00042700: 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 rate password ha\n-00042710: 7368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 206f 7264 shes... In ord\n-00042720: 6572 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2061 7574 er to enable aut\n-00042730: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7375 7070 hentication supp\n-00042740: 6f72 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7375 7065 ort, the ...supe\n-00042750: 7275 7365 7273 e280 990a 656e 7669 726f rusers....enviro\n-00042760: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d nment variable m\n-00042770: 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 ust be set to a \n-00042780: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7573 6572 6e61 6d65 list of username\n-00042790: 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 790a s, separated by.\n-000427a0: 616e 7920 6f66 2073 7061 6365 732c 2063 any of spaces, c\n-000427b0: 6f6d 6d61 732c 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e ommas, semicolon\n-000427c0: 732c 2070 6970 6573 2c20 6f72 2061 6d70 s, pipes, or amp\n-000427d0: 6572 7361 6e64 732e 2020 5375 7065 7275 ersands. Superu\n-000427e0: 7365 7273 2061 7265 0a70 6572 6d69 7474 sers are.permitt\n-000427f0: 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 4752 ed to use the GR\n-00042800: 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652c UB command line,\n-00042810: 2065 6469 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 edit menu entri\n-00042820: 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 650a es, and execute.\n-00042830: 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 any menu entry. \n-00042840: 2049 6620 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 If ...superuser\n-00042850: 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 742c 2074 6865 s... is set, the\n-00042860: 6e20 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d n use of the com\n-00042870: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 650a 616e 6420 6564 mand line.and ed\n-00042880: 6974 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e iting of menu en\n-00042890: 7472 6965 7320 6172 6520 6175 746f 6d61 tries are automa\n-000428a0: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7265 7374 7269 6374 tically restrict\n-000428b0: 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 ed to superusers\n-000428c0: 2e0a 5365 7474 696e 6720 e280 9873 7570 ..Setting ...sup\n-000428d0: 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2074 6f20 656d erusers... to em\n-000428e0: 7074 7920 7374 7269 6e67 2065 6666 6563 pty string effec\n-000428f0: 7469 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6162 6c65 7320 tively disables \n-00042900: 626f 7468 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 0a43 both access to.C\n-00042910: 4c49 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f LI and editing o\n-00042920: 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 f menu entries. \n-00042930: 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 Note: The envir\n-00042940: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-00042950: 6e65 6564 730a 746f 2062 6520 6578 706f needs.to be expo\n-00042960: 7274 6564 2074 6f20 616c 736f 2061 6666 rted to also aff\n-00042970: 6563 7420 7468 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e20 ect the section \n-00042980: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6865 20e2 defined by the .\n-00042990: 8098 7375 626d 656e 75e2 8099 0a63 6f6d ..submenu....com\n-000429a0: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 626d mand (*note subm\n-000429b0: 656e 753a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f74 6865 enu::)... Othe\n-000429c0: 7220 7573 6572 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 r users may be a\n-000429d0: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2074 6f20 6578 6563 7574 llowed to execut\n-000429e0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 206d 656e 7520 e specific menu \n-000429f0: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6279 2067 6976 696e entries by givin\n-00042a00: 670a 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7573 6572 g.a list of user\n-00042a10: 6e61 6d65 7320 2861 7320 6162 6f76 6529 names (as above)\n-00042a20: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d using the ...--\n-00042a30: 7573 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 users... option \n-00042a40: 746f 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6d65 6e75 656e to the....menuen\n-00042a50: 7472 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 try... command (\n-00042a60: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a *note menuentry:\n-00042a70: 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d :). If the ...-\n-00042a80: 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 -unrestricted...\n-00042a90: 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 6973 2075 7365 6420 option.is used \n-00042aa0: 666f 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 for a menu entry\n-00042ab0: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6861 7420 656e 7472 , then that entr\n-00042ac0: 7920 6973 2075 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 y is unrestricte\n-00042ad0: 642e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 2d2d d. If the....--\n-00042ae0: 7573 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 users... option \n-00042af0: 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 is not used for \n-00042b00: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 a menu entry, th\n-00042b10: 656e 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 en that only sup\n-00042b20: 6572 7573 6572 730a 6172 6520 6162 6c65 erusers.are able\n-00042b30: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 to use it... \n-00042b40: 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 Putting this tog\n-00042b50: 6574 6865 722c 2061 2074 7970 6963 616c ether, a typical\n-00042b60: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 ...grub.cfg... \n-00042b70: 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 206d 6967 6874 206c fragment might l\n-00042b80: 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a ook like.this:..\n-00042b90: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 set superus\n-00042ba0: 6572 733d 2272 6f6f 7422 0a20 2020 2020 ers=\"root\". \n-00042bb0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 3220 password_pbkdf2 \n-00042bc0: 726f 6f74 2067 7275 622e 7062 6b64 6632 root grub.pbkdf2\n-00042bd0: 2e73 6861 3531 322e 3130 3030 302e 6269 .sha512.10000.bi\n-00042be0: 676c 6f6e 6773 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 glongstring. \n-00042bf0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 3120 password user1 \n-00042c00: 696e 7365 6375 7265 0a0a 2020 2020 206d insecure.. m\n-00042c10: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 7920 6265 enuentry \"May be\n-00042c20: 2072 756e 2062 7920 616e 7920 7573 6572 run by any user\n-00042c30: 2220 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 \" --unrestricted\n-00042c40: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f {. .set roo\n-00042c50: 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2009 t=(hd0,1). .\n-00042c60: 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a20 linux /vmlinuz. \n-00042c70: 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 }.. menu\n-00042c80: 656e 7472 7920 2253 7570 6572 7573 6572 entry \"Superuser\n-00042c90: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 s only\" --users \n-00042ca0: 2222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 \"\" {. .set r\n-00042cb0: 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 oot=(hd0,1). \n-00042cc0: 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a .linux /vmlinuz\n-00042cd0: 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a single. }..\n-00042ce0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n-00042cf0: 4d61 7920 6265 2072 756e 2062 7920 7573 May be run by us\n-00042d00: 6572 3120 6f72 2061 2073 7570 6572 7573 er1 or a superus\n-00042d10: 6572 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 7573 6572 er\" --users user\n-00042d20: 3120 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 1 {. .set ro\n-00042d30: 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3229 0a20 2020 2020 ot=(hd0,2). \n-00042d40: 0963 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 202b 310a .chainloader +1.\n-00042d50: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 }.. The .\n-00042d60: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-00042d70: 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d 2064 6f65 7320 .. program does \n-00042d80: 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6861 7665 2062 7569 not yet have bui\n-00042d90: 6c74 2d69 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f lt-in support fo\n-00042da0: 720a 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6e67 2063 6f6e r.generating con\n-00042db0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 figuration files\n-00042dc0: 2077 6974 6820 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 with authentica\n-00042dd0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2075 tion. You can u\n-00042de0: 7365 0ae2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e se..../etc/grub.\n-00042df0: 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 8099 2074 d/40_custom... t\n-00042e00: 6f20 6164 6420 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 7570 o add simple sup\n-00042e10: 6572 7573 6572 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 eruser authentic\n-00042e20: 6174 696f 6e2c 2062 790a 6164 6469 6e67 ation, by.adding\n-00042e30: 20e2 8098 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 ...set superuse\n-00042e40: 7273 3de2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7061 rs=... and ...pa\n-00042e50: 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 ssword... or ...\n-00042e60: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 password_pbkdf2.\n-00042e70: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a .. commands.....\n-00042e80: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00042e90: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 Node: Using di\n-00042ea0: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n-00042eb0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 4546 4920 7365 , Next: UEFI se\n-00042ec0: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 cure boot and sh\n-00042ed0: 696d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2041 7574 6865 im, Prev: Authe\n-00042ee0: 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 ntication and au\n-00042ef0: 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 thorisation, Up\n-00042f00: 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e32 : Security..19.2\n-00042f10: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n-00042f20: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 696e 2047 5255 ignatures in GRU\n-00042f30: 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d B.==============\n+000422c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 =============..B\n+000422d0: 7920 6465 6661 756c 742c 2074 6865 2062 y default, the b\n+000422e0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2069 6e74 6572 oot loader inter\n+000422f0: 6661 6365 2069 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 face is accessib\n+00042300: 6c65 2074 6f20 616e 796f 6e65 2077 6974 le to anyone wit\n+00042310: 680a 7068 7973 6963 616c 2061 6363 6573 h.physical acces\n+00042320: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 s to the console\n+00042330: 3a20 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e 2073 656c : anyone can sel\n+00042340: 6563 7420 616e 6420 6564 6974 2061 6e79 ect and edit any\n+00042350: 206d 656e 750a 656e 7472 792c 2061 6e64 menu.entry, and\n+00042360: 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 6765 7420 anyone can get \n+00042370: 6469 7265 6374 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f direct access to\n+00042380: 2061 2047 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 7072 a GRUB shell pr\n+00042390: 6f6d 7074 2e20 2046 6f72 0a6d 6f73 7420 ompt. For.most \n+000423a0: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 6869 7320 6973 systems, this is\n+000423b0: 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6e63 reasonable sinc\n+000423c0: 6520 616e 796f 6e65 2077 6974 6820 6469 e anyone with di\n+000423d0: 7265 6374 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 6163 rect physical.ac\n+000423e0: 6365 7373 2068 6173 2061 2076 6172 6965 cess has a varie\n+000423f0: 7479 206f 6620 6f74 6865 7220 7761 7973 ty of other ways\n+00042400: 2074 6f20 6761 696e 2066 756c 6c20 6163 to gain full ac\n+00042410: 6365 7373 2c20 616e 6420 7265 7175 6972 cess, and requir\n+00042420: 696e 670a 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ing.authenticati\n+00042430: 6f6e 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c on at the boot l\n+00042440: 6f61 6465 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 776f 756c oader level woul\n+00042450: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2073 6572 7665 2074 6f20 d only serve to \n+00042460: 6d61 6b65 2069 740a 6469 6666 6963 756c make it.difficul\n+00042470: 7420 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 2062 726f t to recover bro\n+00042480: 6b65 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 ken systems... \n+00042490: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 696e 2073 6f6d However, in som\n+000424a0: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 e environments, \n+000424b0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 6b69 6f73 6b73 2c20 such as kiosks, \n+000424c0: 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 6170 7072 6f70 it may be approp\n+000424d0: 7269 6174 650a 746f 206c 6f63 6b20 646f riate.to lock do\n+000424e0: 776e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 wn the boot load\n+000424f0: 6572 2074 6f20 7265 7175 6972 6520 6175 er to require au\n+00042500: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2062 6566 thentication bef\n+00042510: 6f72 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a63 ore performing.c\n+00042520: 6572 7461 696e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ertain operation\n+00042530: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7061 s... The ...pa\n+00042540: 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 ssword... (*note\n+00042550: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 3a29 2061 6e64 password::) and\n+00042560: 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b ...password_pbk\n+00042570: 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7061 df2... (*note.pa\n+00042580: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 ssword_pbkdf2::)\n+00042590: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6361 6e20 6265 commands can be\n+000425a0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2064 6566 696e 6520 used to define \n+000425b0: 7573 6572 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 users, each of w\n+000425c0: 6869 6368 0a68 6173 2061 6e20 6173 736f hich.has an asso\n+000425d0: 6369 6174 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e ciated password.\n+000425e0: 2020 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 ...password...\n+000425f0: 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f sets the passwo\n+00042600: 7264 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 7465 7874 rd in plain text\n+00042610: 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 e280 9867 ,.requiring ...g\n+00042620: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 6265 rub.cfg... to be\n+00042630: 2073 6563 7572 653b 20e2 8098 7061 7373 secure; ...pass\n+00042640: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2073 word_pbkdf2... s\n+00042650: 6574 7320 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 ets the password\n+00042660: 0a68 6173 6865 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 .hashed using th\n+00042670: 6520 5061 7373 776f 7264 2d42 6173 6564 e Password-Based\n+00042680: 204b 6579 2044 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 Key Derivation \n+00042690: 4675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2028 5246 4320 3238 Function (RFC 28\n+000426a0: 3938 292c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 6e67 2074 98),.requiring t\n+000426b0: 6865 2075 7365 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 he use of ...gru\n+000426c0: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+000426d0: 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 2... (*note Invo\n+000426e0: 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 king.grub-mkpass\n+000426f0: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 2074 6f20 wd-pbkdf2::) to \n+00042700: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 generate passwor\n+00042710: 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e d hashes... In\n+00042720: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 order to enable\n+00042730: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 authentication \n+00042740: 7375 7070 6f72 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 support, the ...\n+00042750: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 990a 656e superusers....en\n+00042760: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00042770: 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 le must be set t\n+00042780: 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7573 6572 o a list of user\n+00042790: 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 names, separated\n+000427a0: 2062 790a 616e 7920 6f66 2073 7061 6365 by.any of space\n+000427b0: 732c 2063 6f6d 6d61 732c 2073 656d 6963 s, commas, semic\n+000427c0: 6f6c 6f6e 732c 2070 6970 6573 2c20 6f72 olons, pipes, or\n+000427d0: 2061 6d70 6572 7361 6e64 732e 2020 5375 ampersands. Su\n+000427e0: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2061 7265 0a70 6572 perusers are.per\n+000427f0: 6d69 7474 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 mitted to use th\n+00042800: 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c e GRUB command l\n+00042810: 696e 652c 2065 6469 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 ine, edit menu e\n+00042820: 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6578 6563 ntries, and exec\n+00042830: 7574 650a 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ute.any menu ent\n+00042840: 7279 2e20 2049 6620 e280 9873 7570 6572 ry. If ...super\n+00042850: 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 742c users... is set,\n+00042860: 2074 6865 6e20 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 then use of the\n+00042870: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 650a 616e command line.an\n+00042880: 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e d editing of men\n+00042890: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6172 6520 6175 u entries are au\n+000428a0: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7265 7374 tomatically rest\n+000428b0: 7269 6374 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7065 7275 ricted to superu\n+000428c0: 7365 7273 2e0a 5365 7474 696e 6720 e280 sers..Setting ..\n+000428d0: 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2074 .superusers... t\n+000428e0: 6f20 656d 7074 7920 7374 7269 6e67 2065 o empty string e\n+000428f0: 6666 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6162 ffectively disab\n+00042900: 6c65 7320 626f 7468 2061 6363 6573 7320 les both access \n+00042910: 746f 0a43 4c49 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7469 to.CLI and editi\n+00042920: 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 ng of menu entri\n+00042930: 6573 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2065 es. Note: The e\n+00042940: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00042950: 626c 6520 6e65 6564 730a 746f 2062 6520 ble needs.to be \n+00042960: 6578 706f 7274 6564 2074 6f20 616c 736f exported to also\n+00042970: 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 7365 6374 affect the sect\n+00042980: 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 2074 ion defined by t\n+00042990: 6865 20e2 8098 7375 626d 656e 75e2 8099 he ...submenu...\n+000429a0: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .command (*note \n+000429b0: 7375 626d 656e 753a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 submenu::)... \n+000429c0: 4f74 6865 7220 7573 6572 7320 6d61 7920 Other users may \n+000429d0: 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2074 6f20 6578 be allowed to ex\n+000429e0: 6563 7574 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 206d ecute specific m\n+000429f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6279 2067 enu entries by g\n+00042a00: 6976 696e 670a 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 iving.a list of \n+00042a10: 7573 6572 6e61 6d65 7320 2861 7320 6162 usernames (as ab\n+00042a20: 6f76 6529 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 ove) using the .\n+00042a30: 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ..--users... opt\n+00042a40: 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6d65 ion to the....me\n+00042a50: 6e75 656e 7472 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 nuentry... comma\n+00042a60: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d65 6e75 656e nd (*note menuen\n+00042a70: 7472 793a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 try::). If the \n+00042a80: e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 ...--unrestricte\n+00042a90: 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 6973 2075 d... option.is u\n+00042aa0: 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 sed for a menu e\n+00042ab0: 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6861 7420 ntry, then that \n+00042ac0: 656e 7472 7920 6973 2075 6e72 6573 7472 entry is unrestr\n+00042ad0: 6963 7465 642e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0ae2 icted. If the..\n+00042ae0: 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ..--users... opt\n+00042af0: 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 ion is not used \n+00042b00: 666f 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 for a menu entry\n+00042b10: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 , then that only\n+00042b20: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 6172 6520 superusers.are \n+00042b30: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2e0a able to use it..\n+00042b40: 0a20 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 . Putting this\n+00042b50: 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2061 2074 7970 together, a typ\n+00042b60: 6963 616c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ical ...grub.cfg\n+00042b70: e280 9920 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 206d 6967 ... fragment mig\n+00042b80: 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 ht look like.thi\n+00042b90: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2073 7570 s:.. set sup\n+00042ba0: 6572 7573 6572 733d 2272 6f6f 7422 0a20 erusers=\"root\". \n+00042bb0: 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b password_pbk\n+00042bc0: 6466 3220 726f 6f74 2067 7275 622e 7062 df2 root grub.pb\n+00042bd0: 6b64 6632 2e73 6861 3531 322e 3130 3030 kdf2.sha512.1000\n+00042be0: 302e 6269 676c 6f6e 6773 7472 696e 670a 0.biglongstring.\n+00042bf0: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 7573 password us\n+00042c00: 6572 3120 696e 7365 6375 7265 0a0a 2020 er1 insecure.. \n+00042c10: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 menuentry \"Ma\n+00042c20: 7920 6265 2072 756e 2062 7920 616e 7920 y be run by any \n+00042c30: 7573 6572 2220 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 user\" --unrestri\n+00042c40: 6374 6564 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 cted {. .set\n+00042c50: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 root=(hd0,1). \n+00042c60: 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e .linux /vmlin\n+00042c70: 757a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 uz. }.. \n+00042c80: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2253 7570 6572 menuentry \"Super\n+00042c90: 7573 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 2220 2d2d 7573 users only\" --us\n+00042ca0: 6572 7320 2222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 ers \"\" {. .s\n+00042cb0: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a et root=(hd0,1).\n+00042cc0: 2020 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c .linux /vml\n+00042cd0: 696e 757a 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 inuz single. \n+00042ce0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+00042cf0: 7279 2022 4d61 7920 6265 2072 756e 2062 ry \"May be run b\n+00042d00: 7920 7573 6572 3120 6f72 2061 2073 7570 y user1 or a sup\n+00042d10: 6572 7573 6572 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 eruser\" --users \n+00042d20: 7573 6572 3120 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 user1 {. .se\n+00042d30: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3229 0a20 t root=(hd0,2). \n+00042d40: 2020 2020 0963 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 .chainloader\n+00042d50: 202b 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2054 +1. }.. T\n+00042d60: 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e he ...grub-mkcon\n+00042d70: 6669 67e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d 2064 fig... program d\n+00042d80: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6861 7665 oes not yet have\n+00042d90: 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 built-in suppor\n+00042da0: 7420 666f 720a 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6e67 t for.generating\n+00042db0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00042dc0: 696c 6573 2077 6974 6820 6175 7468 656e iles with authen\n+00042dd0: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 tication. You c\n+00042de0: 616e 2075 7365 0ae2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 an use..../etc/g\n+00042df0: 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 rub.d/40_custom.\n+00042e00: 8099 2074 6f20 6164 6420 7369 6d70 6c65 .. to add simple\n+00042e10: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 2061 7574 6865 superuser authe\n+00042e20: 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2c 2062 790a 6164 ntication, by.ad\n+00042e30: 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 7365 7420 7375 7065 ding ...set supe\n+00042e40: 7275 7365 7273 3de2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 rusers=... and .\n+00042e50: 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 6f72 ..password... or\n+00042e60: 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b ...password_pbk\n+00042e70: 6466 32e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e df2... commands.\n+00042e80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00042e90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 696e nfo, Node: Usin\n+00042ea0: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n+00042eb0: 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 4546 ures, Next: UEF\n+00042ec0: 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e I secure boot an\n+00042ed0: 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2041 d shim, Prev: A\n+00042ee0: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e uthentication an\n+00042ef0: 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c d authorisation,\n+00042f00: 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a Up: Security..\n+00042f10: 3139 2e32 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 19.2 Using digit\n+00042f20: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 696e al signatures in\n+00042f30: 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d GRUB.==========\n 00042f40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 7320 =======..GRUB's \n-00042f60: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2063 ...core.img... c\n-00042f70: 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7072 an optionally pr\n-00042f80: 6f76 6964 6520 656e 666f 7263 656d 656e ovide enforcemen\n-00042f90: 7420 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 t that all files\n-00042fa0: 0a73 7562 7365 7175 656e 746c 7920 7265 .subsequently re\n-00042fb0: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 6469 736b 2061 7265 ad from disk are\n-00042fc0: 2063 6f76 6572 6564 2062 7920 6120 7661 covered by a va\n-00042fd0: 6c69 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e lid digital sign\n-00042fe0: 6174 7572 652e 0a54 6869 7320 646f 6375 ature..This docu\n-00042ff0: 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 2a20 ment does *not* \n-00043000: 636f 7665 7220 686f 7720 746f 2065 6e73 cover how to ens\n-00043010: 7572 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 706c ure that your pl\n-00043020: 6174 666f 726d 2773 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 atform's.firmwar\n-00043030: 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f e (e.g., Coreboo\n-00043040: 7429 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 20e2 8098 t) validates ...\n-00043050: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 core.img...... \n-00043060: 2049 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 If environment \n-00043070: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 variable ...chec\n-00043080: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n-00043090: 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 (*note check_sig\n-000430a0: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 0a69 7320 7365 natures::).is se\n-000430b0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 t to ...enforce.\n-000430c0: 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2065 7665 7279 2061 .., then every a\n-000430d0: 7474 656d 7074 2062 7920 7468 6520 4752 ttempt by the GR\n-000430e0: 5542 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 UB ...core.img..\n-000430f0: 9920 746f 206c 6f61 640a 616e 6f74 6865 . to load.anothe\n-00043100: 7220 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 r file ...foo...\n-00043110: 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 7920 696e 766f implicitly invo\n-00043120: 6b65 7320 e280 9876 6572 6966 795f 6465 kes ...verify_de\n-00043130: 7461 6368 6564 2066 6f6f 2066 6f6f 2e73 tached foo foo.s\n-00043140: 6967 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 ig....(*note ver\n-00043150: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 292e ify_detached::).\n-00043160: 2020 e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 9920 ...foo.sig... \n-00043170: 6d75 7374 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 2076 must contain a v\n-00043180: 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a73 6967 alid digital.sig\n-00043190: 6e61 7475 7265 206f 7665 7220 7468 6520 nature over the \n-000431a0: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 9866 contents of ...f\n-000431b0: 6f6f e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e oo..., which can\n-000431c0: 2062 6520 7665 7269 6669 6564 2077 6974 be verified wit\n-000431d0: 6820 610a 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2063 h a.public key c\n-000431e0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 7275 7374 6564 urrently trusted\n-000431f0: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 by GRUB (*note \n-00043200: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 list_trusted::, \n-00043210: 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 2061 *note.trust::, a\n-00043220: 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 nd *note distrus\n-00043230: 743a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7661 6c69 6461 t::). If valida\n-00043240: 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 7468 656e tion fails, then\n-00043250: 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 990a file ...foo....\n-00043260: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6f70 656e 6564 cannot be opened\n-00043270: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6661 696c 7572 6520 . This failure \n-00043280: 6d61 7920 6861 6c74 206f 7220 6f74 6865 may halt or othe\n-00043290: 7277 6973 6520 696d 7061 6374 2074 6865 rwise impact the\n-000432a0: 2062 6f6f 740a 7072 6f63 6573 732e 0a0a boot.process...\n-000432b0: 2020 2041 6e20 696e 6974 6961 6c20 7472 An initial tr\n-000432c0: 7573 7465 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 usted public key\n-000432d0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 can be embedded\n-000432e0: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 within the GRUB\n-000432f0: 0ae2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ....core.img... \n-00043300: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d70 using the ...--p\n-00043310: 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ubkey... option \n-00043320: 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 to ...grub-insta\n-00043330: 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 ll... (*note Inv\n-00043340: 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking.grub-insta\n-00043350: 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 ll::)... GRUB \n-00043360: 7573 6573 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 uses GPG-style d\n-00043370: 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 etached signatur\n-00043380: 6573 2028 6d65 616e 696e 6720 7468 6174 es (meaning that\n-00043390: 2061 2066 696c 650a e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 a file....foo.s\n-000433a0: 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 ig... will be pr\n-000433b0: 6f64 7563 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 oduced when file\n-000433c0: 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 7320 7369 ...foo... is si\n-000433d0: 676e 6564 292c 2061 6e64 2063 7572 7265 gned), and curre\n-000433e0: 6e74 6c79 0a73 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 ntly.supports th\n-000433f0: 6520 4453 4120 616e 6420 5253 4120 7369 e DSA and RSA si\n-00043400: 676e 696e 6720 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d73 gning algorithms\n-00043410: 2e20 2041 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 . A signing key\n-00043420: 2063 616e 2062 650a 6765 6e65 7261 7465 can be.generate\n-00043430: 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 d as follows:.. \n-00043440: 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6765 6e2d 6b65 gpg --gen-ke\n-00043450: 790a 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e64 6976 6964 y.. An individ\n-00043460: 7561 6c20 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 ual file can be \n-00043470: 7369 676e 6564 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 signed as follow\n-00043480: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d64 s:.. gpg --d\n-00043490: 6574 6163 682d 7369 676e 202f 7061 7468 etach-sign /path\n-000434a0: 2f74 6f2f 6669 6c65 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 /to/file.. For\n-000434b0: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c20 7661 6c69 successful vali\n-000434c0: 6461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6f66 dation of all of\n-000434d0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 7375 6263 6f6d 706f GRUB's subcompo\n-000434e0: 6e65 6e74 7320 616e 6420 7468 650a 6c6f nents and the.lo\n-000434f0: 6164 6564 204f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 aded OS kernel, \n-00043500: 7468 6579 206d 7573 7420 616c 6c20 6265 they must all be\n-00043510: 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 signed. One wa\n-00043520: 7920 746f 2061 6363 6f6d 706c 6973 6820 y to accomplish \n-00043530: 7468 6973 0a69 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c this.is the foll\n-00043540: 6f77 696e 6720 2861 6674 6572 2068 6176 owing (after hav\n-00043550: 696e 6720 616c 7265 6164 7920 7072 6f64 ing already prod\n-00043560: 7563 6564 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 uced the desired\n-00043570: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 990a ...grub.cfg....\n-00043580: 6669 6c65 2c20 652e 672e 2c20 6279 2072 file, e.g., by r\n-00043590: 756e 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d unning ...grub-m\n-000435a0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 kconfig... (*not\n-000435b0: 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d e Invoking grub-\n-000435c0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 293a 0a0a 2020 mkconfig::):.. \n-000435d0: 2020 2023 2045 6469 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 # Edit /dev/s\n-000435e0: 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 hm/passphrase.tx\n-000435f0: 7420 746f 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2079 6f75 t to contain you\n-00043600: 7220 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7927 7320 r signing key's \n-00043610: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 0a20 2020 2020 passphrase. \n-00043620: 666f 7220 6920 696e 2060 6669 6e64 202f for i in `find /\n-00043630: 626f 6f74 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6366 boot -name \"*.cf\n-00043640: 6722 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e g\" -or -name \"*.\n-00043650: 6c73 7422 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 2020 lst\" -or \\. \n-00043660: 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e6d 6f64 2220 -name \"*.mod\" \n-00043670: 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 2276 6d6c 696e -or -name \"vmlin\n-00043680: 757a 2a22 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 uz*\" -or -name \"\n-00043690: 696e 6974 7264 2a22 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 initrd*\" -or \\. \n-000436a0: 2020 2020 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 2267 7275 -name \"gru\n-000436b0: 6265 6e76 2260 3b0a 2020 2020 2064 6f0a benv\"`;. do.\n-000436c0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d62 6174 gpg --bat\n-000436d0: 6368 202d 2d64 6574 6163 682d 7369 676e ch --detach-sign\n-000436e0: 202d 2d70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652d 6664 --passphrase-fd\n-000436f0: 2030 2024 6920 3c20 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 0 $i < \\. \n-00043700: 2020 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 /dev/shm/pass\n-00043710: 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 2020 phrase.txt. \n-00043720: 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7368 7265 6420 done. shred \n-00043730: 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 /dev/shm/passphr\n-00043740: 6173 652e 7478 740a 0a20 2020 5365 6520 ase.txt.. See \n-00043750: 616c 736f 3a20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 also: *note chec\n-00043760: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 k_signatures::, \n-00043770: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 *note verify_det\n-00043780: 6163 6865 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 ached::, *note.t\n-00043790: 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 rust::, *note li\n-000437a0: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e st_trusted::, *n\n-000437b0: 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 ote distrust::, \n-000437c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a *note load_env::\n-000437d0: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 , *note.save_env\n-000437e0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 ::... Note tha\n-000437f0: 7420 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 2073 6967 t internally sig\n-00043800: 6e61 7475 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 nature enforceme\n-00043810: 6e74 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 nt is controlled\n-00043820: 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 by setting.the \n-00043830: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00043840: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 able ...check_si\n-00043850: 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6571 7561 gnatures... equa\n-00043860: 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 l to ...enforce.\n-00043870: 8099 2e20 2050 6173 7369 6e67 0a6f 6e65 ... Passing.one\n-00043880: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 or more ...--pu\n-00043890: 626b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 bkey... options \n-000438a0: 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 to ...grub-mkima\n-000438b0: 6765 e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 ge... implicitly\n-000438c0: 2064 6566 696e 6573 0ae2 8098 6368 6563 defines....chec\n-000438d0: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n-000438e0: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f equal to ...enfo\n-000438f0: 7263 65e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 rce... in ...cor\n-00043900: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2070 7269 6f72 2074 e.img... prior t\n-00043910: 6f20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 0a61 6e79 o processing.any\n-00043920: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00043930: 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 iles... Note t\n-00043940: 6861 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6368 hat signature ch\n-00043950: 6563 6b69 6e67 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 ecking does *not\n-00043960: 2a20 7072 6576 656e 7420 616e 2061 7474 * prevent an att\n-00043970: 6163 6b65 7220 7769 7468 0a28 7365 7269 acker with.(seri\n-00043980: 616c 2c20 7068 7973 6963 616c 2c20 2e2e al, physical, ..\n-00043990: 2e29 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6163 6365 .) console acce\n-000439a0: 7373 2066 726f 6d20 6472 6f70 7069 6e67 ss from dropping\n-000439b0: 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 746f 2074 6865 manually to the\n-000439c0: 0a47 5255 4220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e .GRUB console an\n-000439d0: 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 d executing:.. \n-000439e0: 2020 2073 6574 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 set check_sig\n-000439f0: 6e61 7475 7265 733d 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2054 natures=no.. T\n-00043a00: 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 7468 6973 2c20 o prevent this, \n-00043a10: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2d70 726f 7465 6374 password-protect\n-00043a20: 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2041 7574 6865 ion (*note Authe\n-00043a30: 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 640a 6175 ntication and.au\n-00043a40: 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2069 thorisation::) i\n-00043a50: 7320 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 4e6f s essential. No\n-00043a60: 7465 2074 6861 7420 6576 656e 2077 6974 te that even wit\n-00043a70: 6820 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a h GRUB password.\n-00043a80: 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2c20 4752 5542 protection, GRUB\n-00043a90: 2069 7473 656c 6620 6361 6e6e 6f74 2070 itself cannot p\n-00043aa0: 7265 7665 6e74 2073 6f6d 656f 6e65 2077 revent someone w\n-00043ab0: 6974 6820 7068 7973 6963 616c 2061 6363 ith physical acc\n-00043ac0: 6573 7320 746f 0a74 6865 206d 6163 6869 ess to.the machi\n-00043ad0: 6e65 2066 726f 6d20 616c 7465 7269 6e67 ne from altering\n-00043ae0: 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6368 696e 6527 7320 that machine's \n-00043af0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 firmware (e.g., \n-00043b00: 436f 7265 626f 6f74 206f 720a 4249 4f53 Coreboot or.BIOS\n-00043b10: 2920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 ) configuration \n-00043b20: 746f 2063 6175 7365 2074 6865 206d 6163 to cause the mac\n-00043b30: 6869 6e65 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f hine to boot fro\n-00043b40: 6d20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 740a 2861 m a different.(a\n-00043b50: 7474 6163 6b65 722d 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c ttacker-controll\n-00043b60: 6564 2920 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2047 5255 ed) device. GRU\n-00043b70: 4220 6973 2061 7420 6265 7374 206f 6e6c B is at best onl\n-00043b80: 7920 6f6e 6520 6c69 6e6b 2069 6e20 6120 y one link in a \n-00043b90: 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6368 6169 secure.boot chai\n-00043ba0: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-00043bb0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5545 .info, Node: UE\n-00043bc0: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 FI secure boot a\n-00043bd0: 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 nd shim, Next: \n-00043be0: 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 Secure Boot Adva\n-00043bf0: 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 nced Targeting, \n-00043c00: 2050 7265 763a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 Prev: Using dig\n-00043c10: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c ital signatures,\n-00043c20: 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a Up: Security..\n-00043c30: 3139 2e33 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 19.3 UEFI secure\n-00043c40: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2073 boot and shim s\n-00043c50: 7570 706f 7274 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d upport.=========\n+00042f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 ===========..GRU\n+00042f60: 4227 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 B's ...core.img.\n+00042f70: 8099 2063 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c .. can optionall\n+00042f80: 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 656e 666f 7263 y provide enforc\n+00042f90: 656d 656e 7420 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 2066 ement that all f\n+00042fa0: 696c 6573 0a73 7562 7365 7175 656e 746c iles.subsequentl\n+00042fb0: 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 6469 736b y read from disk\n+00042fc0: 2061 7265 2063 6f76 6572 6564 2062 7920 are covered by \n+00042fd0: 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c20 a valid digital \n+00042fe0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 652e 0a54 6869 7320 signature..This \n+00042ff0: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e document does *n\n+00043000: 6f74 2a20 636f 7665 7220 686f 7720 746f ot* cover how to\n+00043010: 2065 6e73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 ensure that you\n+00043020: 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2773 0a66 6972 r platform's.fir\n+00043030: 6d77 6172 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 mware (e.g., Cor\n+00043040: 6562 6f6f 7429 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 eboot) validates\n+00043050: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992e ...core.img....\n+00043060: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d .. If environm\n+00043070: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n+00043080: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00043090: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b ... (*note check\n+000430a0: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 0a69 _signatures::).i\n+000430b0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f s set to ...enfo\n+000430c0: 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2065 7665 rce..., then eve\n+000430d0: 7279 2061 7474 656d 7074 2062 7920 7468 ry attempt by th\n+000430e0: 6520 4752 5542 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 e GRUB ...core.i\n+000430f0: 6d67 e280 9920 746f 206c 6f61 640a 616e mg... to load.an\n+00043100: 6f74 6865 7220 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f other file ...fo\n+00043110: 6fe2 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 7920 o... implicitly \n+00043120: 696e 766f 6b65 7320 e280 9876 6572 6966 invokes ...verif\n+00043130: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2066 6f6f 2066 y_detached foo f\n+00043140: 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 oo.sig....(*note\n+00043150: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n+00043160: 3a3a 292e 2020 e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 ::). ...foo.sig\n+00043170: e280 9920 6d75 7374 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ... must contain\n+00043180: 2061 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c a valid digital\n+00043190: 0a73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 206f 7665 7220 .signature over \n+000431a0: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n+000431b0: e280 9866 6f6f e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 ...foo..., which\n+000431c0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7665 7269 6669 6564 can be verified\n+000431d0: 2077 6974 6820 610a 7075 626c 6963 206b with a.public k\n+000431e0: 6579 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 7275 ey currently tru\n+000431f0: 7374 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2028 2a6e sted by GRUB (*n\n+00043200: 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 ote list_trusted\n+00043210: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a ::, *note.trust:\n+00043220: 3a2c 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 :, and *note dis\n+00043230: 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7661 trust::). If va\n+00043240: 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 lidation fails, \n+00043250: 7468 656e 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f then file ...foo\n+00043260: e280 990a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6f70 ....cannot be op\n+00043270: 656e 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6661 696c ened. This fail\n+00043280: 7572 6520 6d61 7920 6861 6c74 206f 7220 ure may halt or \n+00043290: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 696d 7061 6374 otherwise impact\n+000432a0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 7072 6f63 6573 the boot.proces\n+000432b0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 696e 6974 6961 s... An initia\n+000432c0: 6c20 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 626c 6963 l trusted public\n+000432d0: 206b 6579 2063 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 key can be embe\n+000432e0: 6464 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 dded within the \n+000432f0: 4752 5542 0ae2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 GRUB....core.img\n+00043300: e280 9920 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 ... using the ..\n+00043310: 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 .--pubkey... opt\n+00043320: 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 ion to ...grub-i\n+00043330: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 nstall... (*note\n+00043340: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking.grub-i\n+00043350: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 nstall::)... G\n+00043360: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5047 2d73 7479 RUB uses GPG-sty\n+00043370: 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e le detached sign\n+00043380: 6174 7572 6573 2028 6d65 616e 696e 6720 atures (meaning \n+00043390: 7468 6174 2061 2066 696c 650a e280 9866 that a file....f\n+000433a0: 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 oo.sig... will b\n+000433b0: 6520 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2077 6865 6e20 e produced when \n+000433c0: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 file ...foo... i\n+000433d0: 7320 7369 676e 6564 292c 2061 6e64 2063 s signed), and c\n+000433e0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a73 7570 706f 7274 urrently.support\n+000433f0: 7320 7468 6520 4453 4120 616e 6420 5253 s the DSA and RS\n+00043400: 4120 7369 676e 696e 6720 616c 676f 7269 A signing algori\n+00043410: 7468 6d73 2e20 2041 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 thms. A signing\n+00043420: 206b 6579 2063 616e 2062 650a 6765 6e65 key can be.gene\n+00043430: 7261 7465 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 rated as follows\n+00043440: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6765 :.. gpg --ge\n+00043450: 6e2d 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e64 n-key.. An ind\n+00043460: 6976 6964 7561 6c20 6669 6c65 2063 616e ividual file can\n+00043470: 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2061 7320 666f be signed as fo\n+00043480: 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 llows:.. gpg\n+00043490: 202d 2d64 6574 6163 682d 7369 676e 202f --detach-sign /\n+000434a0: 7061 7468 2f74 6f2f 6669 6c65 0a0a 2020 path/to/file.. \n+000434b0: 2046 6f72 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c20 For successful \n+000434c0: 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 616c validation of al\n+000434d0: 6c20 6f66 2047 5255 4227 7320 7375 6263 l of GRUB's subc\n+000434e0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 616e 6420 7468 omponents and th\n+000434f0: 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 204f 5320 6b65 726e e.loaded OS kern\n+00043500: 656c 2c20 7468 6579 206d 7573 7420 616c el, they must al\n+00043510: 6c20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 4f6e l be signed. On\n+00043520: 6520 7761 7920 746f 2061 6363 6f6d 706c e way to accompl\n+00043530: 6973 6820 7468 6973 0a69 7320 7468 6520 ish this.is the \n+00043540: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 2861 6674 6572 following (after\n+00043550: 2068 6176 696e 6720 616c 7265 6164 7920 having already \n+00043560: 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2074 6865 2064 6573 produced the des\n+00043570: 6972 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ired ...grub.cfg\n+00043580: e280 990a 6669 6c65 2c20 652e 672e 2c20 ....file, e.g., \n+00043590: 6279 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 by running ...gr\n+000435a0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 ub-mkconfig... (\n+000435b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 *note Invoking g\n+000435c0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 293a rub-mkconfig::):\n+000435d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2045 6469 7420 2f64 .. # Edit /d\n+000435e0: 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 ev/shm/passphras\n+000435f0: 652e 7478 7420 746f 2063 6f6e 7461 696e e.txt to contain\n+00043600: 2079 6f75 7220 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 your signing ke\n+00043610: 7927 7320 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 0a20 y's passphrase. \n+00043620: 2020 2020 666f 7220 6920 696e 2060 6669 for i in `fi\n+00043630: 6e64 202f 626f 6f74 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 nd /boot -name \"\n+00043640: 2a2e 6366 6722 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 *.cfg\" -or -name\n+00043650: 2022 2a2e 6c73 7422 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 \"*.lst\" -or \\. \n+00043660: 2020 2020 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e6d -name \"*.m\n+00043670: 6f64 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 2276 od\" -or -name \"v\n+00043680: 6d6c 696e 757a 2a22 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 mlinuz*\" -or -na\n+00043690: 6d65 2022 696e 6974 7264 2a22 202d 6f72 me \"initrd*\" -or\n+000436a0: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 \\. -name \n+000436b0: 2267 7275 6265 6e76 2260 3b0a 2020 2020 \"grubenv\"`;. \n+000436c0: 2064 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d do. gpg -\n+000436d0: 2d62 6174 6368 202d 2d64 6574 6163 682d -batch --detach-\n+000436e0: 7369 676e 202d 2d70 6173 7370 6872 6173 sign --passphras\n+000436f0: 652d 6664 2030 2024 6920 3c20 5c0a 2020 e-fd 0 $i < \\. \n+00043700: 2020 2020 2020 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f /dev/shm/\n+00043710: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a20 passphrase.txt. \n+00043720: 2020 2020 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7368 done. sh\n+00043730: 7265 6420 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 red /dev/shm/pas\n+00043740: 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a 0a20 2020 sphrase.txt.. \n+00043750: 5365 6520 616c 736f 3a20 2a6e 6f74 6520 See also: *note \n+00043760: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00043770: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 ::, *note verify\n+00043780: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f _detached::, *no\n+00043790: 7465 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 te.trust::, *not\n+000437a0: 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a e list_trusted::\n+000437b0: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 , *note distrust\n+000437c0: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 ::, *note load_e\n+000437d0: 6e76 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7361 7665 nv::, *note.save\n+000437e0: 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 _env::... Note\n+000437f0: 2074 6861 7420 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 that internally\n+00043800: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 signature enfor\n+00043810: 6365 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f cement is contro\n+00043820: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a lled by setting.\n+00043830: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 the environment \n+00043840: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 variable ...chec\n+00043850: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n+00043860: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f equal to ...enfo\n+00043870: 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 2050 6173 7369 6e67 rce.... Passing\n+00043880: 0a6f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 20e2 8098 .one or more ...\n+00043890: 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 --pubkey... opti\n+000438a0: 6f6e 7320 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ons to ...grub-m\n+000438b0: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 kimage... implic\n+000438c0: 6974 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6573 0ae2 8098 itly defines....\n+000438d0: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+000438e0: e280 9920 6571 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 ... equal to ...\n+000438f0: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 enforce... in ..\n+00043900: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2070 7269 .core.img... pri\n+00043910: 6f72 2074 6f20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 or to processing\n+00043920: 0a61 6e79 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 .any configurati\n+00043930: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f on files... No\n+00043940: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 te that signatur\n+00043950: 6520 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2064 6f65 7320 e checking does \n+00043960: 2a6e 6f74 2a20 7072 6576 656e 7420 616e *not* prevent an\n+00043970: 2061 7474 6163 6b65 7220 7769 7468 0a28 attacker with.(\n+00043980: 7365 7269 616c 2c20 7068 7973 6963 616c serial, physical\n+00043990: 2c20 2e2e 2e29 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 , ...) console \n+000439a0: 6163 6365 7373 2066 726f 6d20 6472 6f70 access from drop\n+000439b0: 7069 6e67 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 746f ping manually to\n+000439c0: 2074 6865 0a47 5255 4220 636f 6e73 6f6c the.GRUB consol\n+000439d0: 6520 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e 673a e and executing:\n+000439e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2063 6865 636b .. set check\n+000439f0: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733d 6e6f 0a0a _signatures=no..\n+00043a00: 2020 2054 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 7468 To prevent th\n+00043a10: 6973 2c20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2d70 726f is, password-pro\n+00043a20: 7465 6374 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2041 tection (*note A\n+00043a30: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e uthentication an\n+00043a40: 640a 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e3a d.authorisation:\n+00043a50: 3a29 2069 7320 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e :) is essential.\n+00043a60: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6576 656e Note that even\n+00043a70: 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 with GRUB passw\n+00043a80: 6f72 640a 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2c20 ord.protection, \n+00043a90: 4752 5542 2069 7473 656c 6620 6361 6e6e GRUB itself cann\n+00043aa0: 6f74 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 6f6d 656f ot prevent someo\n+00043ab0: 6e65 2077 6974 6820 7068 7973 6963 616c ne with physical\n+00043ac0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 0a74 6865 206d access to.the m\n+00043ad0: 6163 6869 6e65 2066 726f 6d20 616c 7465 achine from alte\n+00043ae0: 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6368 696e ring that machin\n+00043af0: 6527 7320 6669 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e e's firmware (e.\n+00043b00: 672e 2c20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 206f 720a g., Coreboot or.\n+00043b10: 4249 4f53 2920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 BIOS) configurat\n+00043b20: 696f 6e20 746f 2063 6175 7365 2074 6865 ion to cause the\n+00043b30: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 machine to boot\n+00043b40: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e from a differen\n+00043b50: 740a 2861 7474 6163 6b65 722d 636f 6e74 t.(attacker-cont\n+00043b60: 726f 6c6c 6564 2920 6465 7669 6365 2e20 rolled) device. \n+00043b70: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7420 6265 7374 GRUB is at best\n+00043b80: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 6c69 6e6b 2069 only one link i\n+00043b90: 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 n a secure.boot \n+00043ba0: 6368 6169 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 chain.....File: \n+00043bb0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00043bc0: 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f : UEFI secure bo\n+00043bd0: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 4e65 ot and shim, Ne\n+00043be0: 7874 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 xt: Secure Boot \n+00043bf0: 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 Advanced Targeti\n+00043c00: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 7369 6e67 ng, Prev: Using\n+00043c10: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n+00043c20: 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 res, Up: Securi\n+00043c30: 7479 0a0a 3139 2e33 2055 4546 4920 7365 ty..19.3 UEFI se\n+00043c40: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 cure boot and sh\n+00043c50: 696d 2073 7570 706f 7274 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d im support.=====\n 00043c60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043c70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-00043c80: 6865 2047 5255 422c 2065 7863 6570 7420 he GRUB, except \n-00043c90: 7468 6520 e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 the ...chainload\n-00043ca0: 6572 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2077 er... command, w\n-00043cb0: 6f72 6b73 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 5545 orks with the UE\n-00043cc0: 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2061 FI secure.boot a\n-00043cd0: 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d2e 2020 5468 nd the shim. Th\n-00043ce0: 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 is functionality\n-00043cf0: 2069 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 is provided by \n-00043d00: 7468 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b0a 7665 the shim_lock.ve\n-00043d10: 7269 6669 6572 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2062 rifier. It is b\n-00043d20: 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 e280 uilt into the ..\n-00043d30: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 .core.img... and\n-00043d40: 2069 7320 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2069 is registered i\n-00043d50: 6620 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a73 6563 7572 f the UEFI.secur\n-00043d60: 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 e boot is enable\n-00043d70: 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6869 6d5f d. The ...shim_\n-00043d80: 6c6f 636b e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 lock... variable\n-00043d90: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 is set to ...y.\n-00043da0: 8099 2077 6865 6e0a 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 .. when.shim_loc\n-00043db0: 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 7320 7265 k verifier is re\n-00043dc0: 6769 7374 6572 6564 2e20 2049 6620 6974 gistered. If it\n-00043dd0: 2069 7320 6465 7369 7265 6420 746f 2075 is desired to u\n-00043de0: 7365 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 se UEFI secure.b\n-00043df0: 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7368 696d oot without shim\n-00043e00: 2c20 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 6469 7361 626c , one can disabl\n-00043e10: 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 6279 2064 e shim_lock by d\n-00043e20: 6973 6162 6c69 6e67 2073 6869 6d0a 7665 isabling shim.ve\n-00043e30: 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 rification with \n-00043e40: 4d6f 6b53 6253 7461 7465 2055 4546 4920 MokSbState UEFI \n-00043e50: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6279 2062 variable or by b\n-00043e60: 7569 6c64 696e 6720 6772 7562 2069 6d61 uilding grub ima\n-00043e70: 6765 0a77 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d64 6973 ge.with ...--dis\n-00043e80: 6162 6c65 2d73 6869 6d2d 6c6f 636b e280 able-shim-lock..\n-00043e90: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c . option... Al\n-00043ea0: 6c20 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206e l GRUB modules n\n-00043eb0: 6f74 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 ot stored in the\n-00043ec0: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c ...core.img...,\n-00043ed0: 204f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2041 4350 OS kernels, ACP\n-00043ee0: 490a 7461 626c 6573 2c20 4465 7669 6365 I.tables, Device\n-00043ef0: 2054 7265 6573 2c20 6574 632e 2020 6861 Trees, etc. ha\n-00043f00: 7665 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 642c ve to be signed,\n-00043f10: 2065 2e67 2c20 7573 696e 6720 5047 502e e.g, using PGP.\n-00043f20: 0a41 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 .Additionally, t\n-00043f30: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 6174 he commands that\n-00043f40: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n-00043f50: 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 5545 4649 subvert the UEFI\n-00043f60: 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 206d 6563 secure.boot mec\n-00043f70: 6861 6e69 736d 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 hanism, such as \n-00043f80: e280 9869 6f72 77e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 ...iorw... and .\n-00043f90: 8098 6d65 6d72 77e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 ..memrw... will \n-00043fa0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 not be available\n-00043fb0: 2077 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 when.the UEFI s\n-00043fc0: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e ecure boot is en\n-00043fd0: 6162 6c65 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 abled. This is \n-00043fe0: 646f 6e65 2066 6f72 2073 6563 7572 6974 done for securit\n-00043ff0: 7920 7265 6173 6f6e 7320 616e 640a 6172 y reasons and.ar\n-00044000: 6520 656e 666f 7263 6564 2062 7920 7468 e enforced by th\n-00044010: 6520 4752 5542 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 e GRUB Lockdown \n-00044020: 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 mechanism (*note\n-00044030: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f Lockdown::)....\n-00044040: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00044050: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 6520 , Node: Secure \n-00044060: 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 Boot Advanced Ta\n-00044070: 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 rgeting, Next: \n-00044080: 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 Measured Boot, \n-00044090: 5072 6576 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 Prev: UEFI secur\n-000440a0: 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c e boot and shim,\n-000440b0: 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a Up: Security..\n-000440c0: 3139 2e34 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 19.4 Embedded in\n-000440d0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6765 formation for ge\n-000440e0: 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 neration number \n-000440f0: 6261 7365 6420 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e based revocation\n-00044100: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00043c70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00043c80: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2047 5255 422c 2065 7863 =..The GRUB, exc\n+00043c90: 6570 7420 7468 6520 e280 9863 6861 696e ept the ...chain\n+00043ca0: 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e loader... comman\n+00043cb0: 642c 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 6974 6820 7468 d, works with th\n+00043cc0: 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f e UEFI secure.bo\n+00043cd0: 6f74 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d2e ot and the shim.\n+00043ce0: 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 This functiona\n+00043cf0: 6c69 7479 2069 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 lity is provided\n+00043d00: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 by the shim_loc\n+00043d10: 6b0a 7665 7269 6669 6572 2e20 2049 7420 k.verifier. It \n+00043d20: 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 is built into th\n+00043d30: 6520 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 e ...core.img...\n+00043d40: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7265 6769 7374 6572 and is register\n+00043d50: 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a73 ed if the UEFI.s\n+00043d60: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e ecure boot is en\n+00043d70: 6162 6c65 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 abled. The ...s\n+00043d80: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b e280 9920 7661 7269 him_lock... vari\n+00043d90: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 able is set to .\n+00043da0: 8098 79e2 8099 2077 6865 6e0a 7368 696d ..y... when.shim\n+00043db0: 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 _lock verifier i\n+00043dc0: 7320 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2e20 2049 s registered. I\n+00043dd0: 6620 6974 2069 7320 6465 7369 7265 6420 f it is desired \n+00043de0: 746f 2075 7365 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 to use UEFI secu\n+00043df0: 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 re.boot without \n+00043e00: 7368 696d 2c20 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 6469 shim, one can di\n+00043e10: 7361 626c 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 sable shim_lock \n+00043e20: 6279 2064 6973 6162 6c69 6e67 2073 6869 by disabling shi\n+00043e30: 6d0a 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2077 m.verification w\n+00043e40: 6974 6820 4d6f 6b53 6253 7461 7465 2055 ith MokSbState U\n+00043e50: 4546 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206f 7220 EFI variable or \n+00043e60: 6279 2062 7569 6c64 696e 6720 6772 7562 by building grub\n+00043e70: 2069 6d61 6765 0a77 6974 6820 e280 982d image.with ...-\n+00043e80: 2d64 6973 6162 6c65 2d73 6869 6d2d 6c6f -disable-shim-lo\n+00043e90: 636b e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 ck... option... \n+00043ea0: 2020 416c 6c20 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c All GRUB modul\n+00043eb0: 6573 206e 6f74 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e es not stored in\n+00043ec0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 the ...core.img\n+00043ed0: e280 992c 204f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 732c ..., OS kernels,\n+00043ee0: 2041 4350 490a 7461 626c 6573 2c20 4465 ACPI.tables, De\n+00043ef0: 7669 6365 2054 7265 6573 2c20 6574 632e vice Trees, etc.\n+00043f00: 2020 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6967 have to be sig\n+00043f10: 6e65 642c 2065 2e67 2c20 7573 696e 6720 ned, e.g, using \n+00043f20: 5047 502e 0a41 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c PGP..Additionall\n+00043f30: 792c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 y, the commands \n+00043f40: 7468 6174 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 that can be used\n+00043f50: 2074 6f20 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 to subvert the \n+00043f60: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 UEFI secure.boot\n+00043f70: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2c20 7375 6368 mechanism, such\n+00043f80: 2061 7320 e280 9869 6f72 77e2 8099 2061 as ...iorw... a\n+00043f90: 6e64 20e2 8098 6d65 6d72 77e2 8099 2077 nd ...memrw... w\n+00043fa0: 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c ill not be avail\n+00043fb0: 6162 6c65 2077 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 5545 able when.the UE\n+00043fc0: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 FI secure boot i\n+00043fd0: 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 5468 6973 s enabled. This\n+00043fe0: 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2066 6f72 2073 6563 is done for sec\n+00043ff0: 7572 6974 7920 7265 6173 6f6e 7320 616e urity reasons an\n+00044000: 640a 6172 6520 656e 666f 7263 6564 2062 d.are enforced b\n+00044010: 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 204c 6f63 6b64 y the GRUB Lockd\n+00044020: 6f77 6e20 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 282a own mechanism (*\n+00044030: 6e6f 7465 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 note Lockdown::)\n+00044040: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00044050: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 info, Node: Sec\n+00044060: 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 ure Boot Advance\n+00044070: 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 4e65 d Targeting, Ne\n+00044080: 7874 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f xt: Measured Boo\n+00044090: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5545 4649 2073 t, Prev: UEFI s\n+000440a0: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 ecure boot and s\n+000440b0: 6869 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 him, Up: Securi\n+000440c0: 7479 0a0a 3139 2e34 2045 6d62 6564 6465 ty..19.4 Embedde\n+000440d0: 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f d information fo\n+000440e0: 7220 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d r generation num\n+000440f0: 6265 7220 6261 7365 6420 7265 766f 6361 ber based revoca\n+00044100: 7469 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tion.===========\n 00044110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044140: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f =..The Secure Bo\n-00044150: 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 ot Advanced Targ\n-00044160: 6574 696e 6720 2853 4241 5429 2069 7320 eting (SBAT) is \n-00044170: 6120 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 746f 2061 a mechanism to a\n-00044180: 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 0a72 6576 6f63 6174 llow the.revocat\n-00044190: 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 ion of component\n-000441a0: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 s in the boot pa\n-000441b0: 7468 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 6765 6e65 th by using gene\n-000441c0: 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 0a65 ration numbers.e\n-000441d0: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 mbedded into the\n-000441e0: 2045 4649 2062 696e 6172 6965 732e 2020 EFI binaries. \n-000441f0: 5468 6520 5342 4154 206d 6574 6164 6174 The SBAT metadat\n-00044200: 6120 6973 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2069 6e20 a is located in \n-00044210: 616e 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 6120 7365 an..sbat data se\n-00044220: 6374 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2068 6173 2073 ction that has s\n-00044230: 6574 206f 6620 5554 462d 3820 7374 7269 et of UTF-8 stri\n-00044240: 6e67 7320 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 2d73 6570 ngs as comma-sep\n-00044250: 6172 6174 6564 0a76 616c 7565 7320 2843 arated.values (C\n-00044260: 5356 292e 2053 6565 203c 6874 7470 733a SV). See for.\n-000442a0: 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a20 more details... \n-000442b0: 2020 546f 2061 6464 2061 2064 6174 6120 To add a data \n-000442c0: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 section containi\n-000442d0: 6e67 2074 6865 2053 4241 5420 696e 666f ng the SBAT info\n-000442e0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 6865 rmation into the\n-000442f0: 0a62 696e 6172 792c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 .binary, the ...\n-00044300: 2d2d 7362 6174 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e --sbat... option\n-00044310: 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d of ...grub-mkim\n-00044320: 6167 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 age... command s\n-00044330: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a54 hould be used..T\n-00044340: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 206f 6620 6120 he content of a \n-00044350: 4353 5620 6669 6c65 2c20 656e 636f 6465 CSV file, encode\n-00044360: 6420 7769 7468 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6973 d with UTF-8, is\n-00044370: 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6173 2069 7320 746f copied as is to\n-00044380: 2074 6865 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 6120 the..sbat data \n-00044390: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 6865 section into the\n-000443a0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2045 4649 2062 generated EFI b\n-000443b0: 696e 6172 792e 2020 5468 6520 4353 5620 inary. The CSV \n-000443c0: 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 650a 7374 6f72 file can be.stor\n-000443d0: 6564 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 6f6e 2074 ed anywhere on t\n-000443e0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a he file system..\n-000443f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 . grub-mkima\n-00044400: 6765 202d 4f20 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 ge -O x86_64-efi\n-00044410: 202d 6f20 6772 7562 7836 342e 6566 6920 -o grubx64.efi \n-00044420: 2d70 2027 2874 6674 7029 2f67 7275 6227 -p '(tftp)/grub'\n-00044430: 202d 2d73 6261 7420 7362 6174 2e63 7376 --sbat sbat.csv\n-00044440: 2065 6669 6e65 7420 7466 7470 0a0a 1f0a efinet tftp....\n-00044450: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00044460: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 Node: Measured\n-00044470: 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c6f Boot, Next: Lo\n-00044480: 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 ckdown, Prev: S\n-00044490: 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e ecure Boot Advan\n-000444a0: 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 ced Targeting, \n-000444b0: 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 Up: Security..19\n-000444c0: 2e35 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f .5 Measuring boo\n-000444d0: 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d t components.===\n-000444e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000444f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 6620 ===========..If \n-00044500: 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 the tpm module i\n-00044510: 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6865 s loaded and the\n-00044520: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6861 7320 6120 platform has a \n-00044530: 5472 7573 7465 6420 506c 6174 666f 726d Trusted Platform\n-00044540: 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 .Module installe\n-00044550: 642c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206c 6f67 d, GRUB will log\n-00044560: 2065 6163 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 each command ex\n-00044570: 6563 7574 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6163 6820 ecuted and each \n-00044580: 6669 6c65 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 746f file.loaded into\n-00044590: 2074 6865 2054 504d 2065 7665 6e74 206c the TPM event l\n-000445a0: 6f67 2061 6e64 2065 7874 656e 6420 7468 og and extend th\n-000445b0: 6520 5043 5220 7661 6c75 6573 2069 6e20 e PCR values in \n-000445c0: 7468 6520 5450 4d0a 636f 7272 6573 706f the TPM.correspo\n-000445d0: 6e64 696e 676c 792e 2020 416c 6c20 6576 ndingly. All ev\n-000445e0: 656e 7473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 ents will be log\n-000445f0: 6765 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2050 4352 ged into the PCR\n-00044600: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 656c 6f77 described below\n-00044610: 0a77 6974 6820 6120 7479 7065 206f 6620 .with a type of \n-00044620: 4556 5f49 504c 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 6576 EV_IPL and an ev\n-00044630: 656e 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e20 ent description \n-00044640: 6173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 656c as described bel\n-00044650: 6f77 2e0a 0a45 7665 6e74 2074 7970 6520 ow...Event type \n-00044660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5043 5220 PCR \n-00044670: 2020 2020 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e0a Description.\n-00044680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00044140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2053 6563 7572 =====..The Secur\n+00044150: 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 e Boot Advanced \n+00044160: 5461 7267 6574 696e 6720 2853 4241 5429 Targeting (SBAT)\n+00044170: 2069 7320 6120 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 is a mechanism \n+00044180: 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 0a72 6576 to allow the.rev\n+00044190: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d 706f ocation of compo\n+000441a0: 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f nents in the boo\n+000441b0: 7420 7061 7468 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 t path by using \n+000441c0: 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 generation numbe\n+000441d0: 7273 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f rs.embedded into\n+000441e0: 2074 6865 2045 4649 2062 696e 6172 6965 the EFI binarie\n+000441f0: 732e 2020 5468 6520 5342 4154 206d 6574 s. The SBAT met\n+00044200: 6164 6174 6120 6973 206c 6f63 6174 6564 adata is located\n+00044210: 2069 6e20 616e 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 in an..sbat dat\n+00044220: 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2068 a section that h\n+00044230: 6173 2073 6574 206f 6620 5554 462d 3820 as set of UTF-8 \n+00044240: 7374 7269 6e67 7320 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 strings as comma\n+00044250: 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 0a76 616c 7565 -separated.value\n+00044260: 7320 2843 5356 292e 2053 6565 203c 6874 s (CSV). See \n+000442a0: 666f 720a 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 for.more details\n+000442b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 546f 2061 6464 2061 2064 ... To add a d\n+000442c0: 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 ata section cont\n+000442d0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2053 4241 5420 aining the SBAT \n+000442e0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 696e 746f information into\n+000442f0: 2074 6865 0a62 696e 6172 792c 2074 6865 the.binary, the\n+00044300: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7362 6174 e280 9920 6f70 ...--sbat... op\n+00044310: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d tion of ...grub-\n+00044320: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 mkimage... comma\n+00044330: 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 nd should be use\n+00044340: 642e 0a54 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 206f d..The content o\n+00044350: 6620 6120 4353 5620 6669 6c65 2c20 656e f a CSV file, en\n+00044360: 636f 6465 6420 7769 7468 2055 5446 2d38 coded with UTF-8\n+00044370: 2c20 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6173 2069 , is copied as i\n+00044380: 7320 746f 2074 6865 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 s to the..sbat d\n+00044390: 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 696e 746f ata section into\n+000443a0: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2045 the generated E\n+000443b0: 4649 2062 696e 6172 792e 2020 5468 6520 FI binary. The \n+000443c0: 4353 5620 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 650a CSV file can be.\n+000443d0: 7374 6f72 6564 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 stored anywhere \n+000443e0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 on the file syst\n+000443f0: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d em... grub-m\n+00044400: 6b69 6d61 6765 202d 4f20 7838 365f 3634 kimage -O x86_64\n+00044410: 2d65 6669 202d 6f20 6772 7562 7836 342e -efi -o grubx64.\n+00044420: 6566 6920 2d70 2027 2874 6674 7029 2f67 efi -p '(tftp)/g\n+00044430: 7275 6227 202d 2d73 6261 7420 7362 6174 rub' --sbat sbat\n+00044440: 2e63 7376 2065 6669 6e65 7420 7466 7470 .csv efinet tftp\n+00044450: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00044460: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 nfo, Node: Meas\n+00044470: 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 ured Boot, Next\n+00044480: 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 : Lockdown, Pre\n+00044490: 763a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 v: Secure Boot A\n+000444a0: 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e dvanced Targetin\n+000444b0: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 g, Up: Security\n+000444c0: 0a0a 3139 2e35 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 ..19.5 Measuring\n+000444d0: 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 boot components\n+000444e0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+000444f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00044500: 0a49 6620 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 .If the tpm modu\n+00044510: 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6e64 le is loaded and\n+00044520: 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6861 the platform ha\n+00044530: 7320 6120 5472 7573 7465 6420 506c 6174 s a Trusted Plat\n+00044540: 666f 726d 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 696e 7374 form.Module inst\n+00044550: 616c 6c65 642c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c alled, GRUB will\n+00044560: 206c 6f67 2065 6163 6820 636f 6d6d 616e log each comman\n+00044570: 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 6e64 2065 d executed and e\n+00044580: 6163 6820 6669 6c65 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 ach file.loaded \n+00044590: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2054 504d 2065 7665 into the TPM eve\n+000445a0: 6e74 206c 6f67 2061 6e64 2065 7874 656e nt log and exten\n+000445b0: 6420 7468 6520 5043 5220 7661 6c75 6573 d the PCR values\n+000445c0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 5450 4d0a 636f 7272 in the TPM.corr\n+000445d0: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 676c 792e 2020 416c espondingly. Al\n+000445e0: 6c20 6576 656e 7473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 l events will be\n+000445f0: 206c 6f67 6765 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 logged into the\n+00044600: 2050 4352 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 PCR described b\n+00044610: 656c 6f77 0a77 6974 6820 6120 7479 7065 elow.with a type\n+00044620: 206f 6620 4556 5f49 504c 2061 6e64 2061 of EV_IPL and a\n+00044630: 6e20 6576 656e 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 n event descript\n+00044640: 696f 6e20 6173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 ion as described\n+00044650: 2062 656c 6f77 2e0a 0a45 7665 6e74 2074 below...Event t\n+00044660: 7970 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ype \n+00044670: 5043 5220 2020 2020 4465 7363 7269 7074 PCR Descript\n+00044680: 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ion.------------\n 00044690: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000446c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 436f 6d6d -----------.Comm\n-000446d0: 616e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and \n-000446e0: 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 2065 8 All e\n-000446f0: 7865 6375 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 xecuted commands\n-00044700: 2028 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 6f73 (including thos\n-00044710: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+000446c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000446d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 Command \n+000446e0: 2020 2020 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 8 A\n+000446f0: 6c6c 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 636f 6d6d ll executed comm\n+00044700: 616e 6473 2028 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 ands (including \n+00044710: 7468 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 those. \n 00044720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044730: 2066 726f 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 from configurat\n-00044740: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7329 2077 696c 6c20 ion files) will \n-00044750: 6265 206c 6f67 6765 640a 2020 2020 2020 be logged. \n+00044730: 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 from config\n+00044740: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7329 2077 uration files) w\n+00044750: 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 640a 2020 ill be logged. \n 00044760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206d 6561 and mea\n-00044780: 7375 7265 6420 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 sured as entered\n-00044790: 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 6566 6978 206f with a prefix o\n-000447a0: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f. \n+00044770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 and\n+00044780: 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 6173 2065 6e74 measured as ent\n+00044790: 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 6566 ered with a pref\n+000447a0: 6978 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ix of. \n 000447b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000447c0: 2022 6772 7562 5f63 6d64 3a20 220a 4b65 \"grub_cmd: \".Ke\n-000447d0: 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e rnel command lin\n-000447e0: 6520 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 e 8 Any\n-000447f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 7061 command line pa\n-00044800: 7373 6564 2074 6f20 6120 6b65 726e 656c ssed to a kernel\n-00044810: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 will. \n+000447c0: 2020 2020 2022 6772 7562 5f63 6d64 3a20 \"grub_cmd: \n+000447d0: 220a 4b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 \".Kernel command\n+000447e0: 206c 696e 6520 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 line 8 \n+000447f0: 2041 6e79 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e Any command lin\n+00044800: 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 6120 6b65 e passed to a ke\n+00044810: 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 rnel will. \n 00044820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044830: 2020 2020 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 be logged a\n-00044840: 6e64 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 6173 2065 nd measured as e\n-00044850: 6e74 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 610a 2020 ntered with a. \n-00044860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 pre\n-00044880: 6669 7820 6f66 2022 6b65 726e 656c 5f63 fix of \"kernel_c\n-00044890: 6d64 6c69 6e65 3a20 220a 4d6f 6475 6c65 mdline: \".Module\n-000448a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 2020 command line \n-000448b0: 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2063 6f6d 8 Any com\n-000448c0: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 7061 7373 6564 mand line passed\n-000448d0: 2074 6f20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 to a kernel. \n-000448e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000448f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 modu\n-00044900: 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 le will be logge\n-00044910: 6420 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 d and measured a\n-00044920: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s. \n+00044830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 be logg\n+00044840: 6564 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 ed and measured \n+00044850: 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 as entered with \n+00044860: 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 a. \n+00044870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044880: 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 2022 6b65 726e prefix of \"kern\n+00044890: 656c 5f63 6d64 6c69 6e65 3a20 220a 4d6f el_cmdline: \".Mo\n+000448a0: 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e dule command lin\n+000448b0: 6520 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 e 8 Any\n+000448c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 7061 command line pa\n+000448d0: 7373 6564 2074 6f20 6120 6b65 726e 656c ssed to a kernel\n+000448e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000448f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044900: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c module will be l\n+00044910: 6f67 6765 6420 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 ogged and measur\n+00044920: 6564 2061 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed as. \n 00044930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044940: 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 entered with a \n-00044950: 7072 6566 6978 206f 6620 226d 6f64 756c prefix of \"modul\n-00044960: 655f 636d 646c 696e 653a 0a20 2020 2020 e_cmdline:. \n+00044940: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2077 6974 entered wit\n+00044950: 6820 6120 7072 6566 6978 206f 6620 226d h a prefix of \"m\n+00044960: 6f64 756c 655f 636d 646c 696e 653a 0a20 odule_cmdline:. \n 00044970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 220a 4669 6c65 \".File\n-00044990: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s \n-000449a0: 2020 2039 2020 2020 2020 2041 6e79 2066 9 Any f\n-000449b0: 696c 6520 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 ile read by GRUB\n-000449c0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 will be logged \n-000449d0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and. \n+00044980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 220a \".\n+00044990: 4669 6c65 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Files \n+000449a0: 2020 2020 2020 2039 2020 2020 2020 2041 9 A\n+000449b0: 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 2062 7920 ny file read by \n+000449c0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 GRUB will be log\n+000449d0: 6765 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ged and. \n 000449e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000449f0: 2020 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 7769 7468 measured with\n-00044a00: 2061 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 7665 2074 a descriptive t\n-00044a10: 6578 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ext. \n+000449f0: 2020 2020 2020 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 measured \n+00044a00: 7769 7468 2061 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 with a descripti\n+00044a10: 7665 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve text. \n 00044a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044a30: 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 corresponding\n-00044a40: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 to the filename\n-00044a50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 ... GRUB will \n-00044a60: 6e6f 7420 6d65 6173 7572 6520 6974 7320 not measure its \n-00044a70: 6f77 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 own ...core.img.\n-00044a80: 8099 202d 2069 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 .. - it is expec\n-00044a90: 7465 6420 7468 6174 0a66 6972 6d77 6172 ted that.firmwar\n-00044aa0: 6520 7769 6c6c 2063 6172 7279 2074 6869 e will carry thi\n-00044ab0: 7320 6f75 742e 2020 4752 5542 2077 696c s out. GRUB wil\n-00044ac0: 6c20 616c 736f 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f l also not perfo\n-00044ad0: 726d 2061 6e79 0a6d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 rm any.measureme\n-00044ae0: 6e74 7320 756e 7469 6c20 7468 6520 7470 nts until the tp\n-00044af0: 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 m module is load\n-00044b00: 6564 2e20 2041 7320 7375 6368 2069 7420 ed. As such it \n-00044b10: 6973 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 0a74 is recommended.t\n-00044b20: 6861 7420 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 hat the tpm modu\n-00044b30: 6c65 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f le be built into\n-00044b40: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n-00044b50: 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 in order to avoi\n-00044b60: 6420 610a 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6761 d a.potential ga\n-00044b70: 7020 696e 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 p in measurement\n-00044b80: 2062 6574 7765 656e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 between ...core\n-00044b90: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6265 696e 6720 6c6f .img... being lo\n-00044ba0: 6164 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2074 706d aded and the tpm\n-00044bb0: 0a6d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 696e 6720 6c6f .module being lo\n-00044bc0: 6164 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d65 6173 7572 aded... Measur\n-00044bd0: 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2063 7572 7265 ed boot is curre\n-00044be0: 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 ntly only suppor\n-00044bf0: 7465 6420 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 2049 ted on EFI and I\n-00044c00: 424d 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a 506f 7765 BM IEEE1275.Powe\n-00044c10: 7250 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a0a rPC platforms...\n-00044c20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00044c30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f o, Node: Lockdo\n-00044c40: 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 6561 7375 wn, Prev: Measu\n-00044c50: 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 red Boot, Up: S\n-00044c60: 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3620 4c6f ecurity..19.6 Lo\n-00044c70: 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 ckdown when boot\n-00044c80: 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 ing on a secure \n-00044c90: 7365 7475 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d setup.==========\n+00044a30: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e correspon\n+00044a40: 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ding to the file\n+00044a50: 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2077 name... GRUB w\n+00044a60: 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6d65 6173 7572 6520 ill not measure \n+00044a70: 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e its own ...core.\n+00044a80: 696d 67e2 8099 202d 2069 7420 6973 2065 img... - it is e\n+00044a90: 7870 6563 7465 6420 7468 6174 0a66 6972 xpected that.fir\n+00044aa0: 6d77 6172 6520 7769 6c6c 2063 6172 7279 mware will carry\n+00044ab0: 2074 6869 7320 6f75 742e 2020 4752 5542 this out. GRUB\n+00044ac0: 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 206e 6f74 2070 will also not p\n+00044ad0: 6572 666f 726d 2061 6e79 0a6d 6561 7375 erform any.measu\n+00044ae0: 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 756e 7469 6c20 7468 rements until th\n+00044af0: 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 e tpm module is \n+00044b00: 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2041 7320 7375 6368 loaded. As such\n+00044b10: 2069 7420 6973 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 it is recommend\n+00044b20: 6564 0a74 6861 7420 7468 6520 7470 6d20 ed.that the tpm \n+00044b30: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 module be built \n+00044b40: 696e 746f 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 into ...core.img\n+00044b50: e280 9920 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 ... in order to \n+00044b60: 6176 6f69 6420 610a 706f 7465 6e74 6961 avoid a.potentia\n+00044b70: 6c20 6761 7020 696e 206d 6561 7375 7265 l gap in measure\n+00044b80: 6d65 6e74 2062 6574 7765 656e 20e2 8098 ment between ...\n+00044b90: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6265 696e core.img... bein\n+00044ba0: 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6865 g loaded and the\n+00044bb0: 2074 706d 0a6d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 696e tpm.module bein\n+00044bc0: 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d65 g loaded... Me\n+00044bd0: 6173 7572 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2063 asured boot is c\n+00044be0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 urrently only su\n+00044bf0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 pported on EFI a\n+00044c00: 6e64 2049 424d 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a nd IBM IEEE1275.\n+00044c10: 506f 7765 7250 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d PowerPC platform\n+00044c20: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00044c30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f .info, Node: Lo\n+00044c40: 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d ckdown, Prev: M\n+00044c50: 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2055 easured Boot, U\n+00044c60: 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e p: Security..19.\n+00044c70: 3620 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 6 Lockdown when \n+00044c80: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 booting on a sec\n+00044c90: 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ure setup.======\n 00044ca0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044cb0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044cc0: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2063 616e ==..The GRUB can\n-00044cd0: 2062 6520 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e20 be locked down \n-00044ce0: 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6f6e 2061 when booted on a\n-00044cf0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2065 6e76 secure boot env\n-00044d00: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c0a 666f 7220 6578 ironment,.for ex\n-00044d10: 616d 706c 6520 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 ample if the UEF\n-00044d20: 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 I secure boot is\n-00044d30: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 204f 6e20 6120 enabled. On a \n-00044d40: 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e0a 636f 6e66 locked down.conf\n-00044d50: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2074 6865 2047 iguration, the G\n-00044d60: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7374 RUB will be rest\n-00044d70: 7269 6374 6564 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 ricted and some \n-00044d80: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2f63 6f6d 6d61 operations/comma\n-00044d90: 6e64 730a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 nds.cannot be ex\n-00044da0: 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 ecuted... The \n-00044db0: e280 986c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6ee2 8099 2076 ...lockdown... v\n-00044dc0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 ariable is set t\n-00044dd0: 6f20 e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 o ...y... when t\n-00044de0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 6b65 he GRUB is locke\n-00044df0: 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 4f74 6865 7277 6973 d down..Otherwis\n-00044e00: 6520 6974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6578 e it does not ex\n-00044e10: 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 it.....File: gru\n-00044e20: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2050 b.info, Node: P\n-00044e30: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 latform limitati\n-00044e40: 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506c 6174 ons, Next: Plat\n-00044e50: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 form-specific op\n-00044e60: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a erations, Prev:\n-00044e70: 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5570 3a20 Security, Up: \n-00044e80: 546f 700a 0a32 3020 506c 6174 666f 726d Top..20 Platform\n-00044e90: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 0a2a 2a2a limitations.***\n-00044ea0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00044eb0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 3220 6973 2064 ****..GRUB2 is d\n-00044ec0: 6573 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2062 6520 706f esigned to be po\n-00044ed0: 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6163 rtable and is ac\n-00044ee0: 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6f72 7465 6420 6163 tually ported ac\n-00044ef0: 726f 7373 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 ross.platforms. \n-00044f00: 2057 6520 7472 7920 746f 206b 6565 7020 We try to keep \n-00044f10: 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6174 all platforms at\n-00044f20: 2074 6865 206c 6576 656c 2e20 2055 6e66 the level. Unf\n-00044f30: 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 0a73 6f6d 6520 ortunately.some \n-00044f40: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6172 6520 6265 platforms are be\n-00044f50: 7474 6572 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2074 tter supported t\n-00044f60: 6861 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2054 6869 han others. Thi\n-00044f70: 7320 6973 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e s is detailed in\n-00044f80: 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2061 6e64 2032 2066 .current and 2 f\n-00044f90: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6563 7469 6f6e ollowing section\n-00044fa0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 s... All platf\n-00044fb0: 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 616e 2061 7274 orms have an art\n-00044fc0: 6966 6963 6961 6c6c 7920 4752 5542 2069 ificially GRUB i\n-00044fd0: 6d70 6f73 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 mposed disk size\n-00044fe0: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 restriction.of \n-00044ff0: 3120 4569 422e 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 1 EiB. In some c\n-00045000: 6173 6573 2c20 6c61 7267 6572 2064 6973 ases, larger dis\n-00045010: 6b20 7369 7a65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 k sizes can be u\n-00045020: 7365 642c 2062 7574 2061 6363 6573 7320 sed, but access \n-00045030: 7769 6c6c 0a6e 6f74 2062 6520 616c 6c6f will.not be allo\n-00045040: 7765 6420 6265 796f 6e64 2031 2045 6942 wed beyond 1 EiB\n-00045050: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c55 4b53 3220 6465 7669 ... LUKS2 devi\n-00045060: 6365 7320 7769 7468 2073 697a 6520 6c61 ces with size la\n-00045070: 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e20 3136 2045 6942 rger than 16 EiB\n-00045080: 2061 7265 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206e are currently n\n-00045090: 6f74 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e20 2054 ot.supported. T\n-000450a0: 6865 7920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 2063 hey can not be c\n-000450b0: 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6372 7970 746f reated as crypto\n-000450c0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6372 7970 devices by cryp\n-000450d0: 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2073 6f0a 6361 6e20 tomount, so.can \n-000450e0: 6e6f 7420 6576 656e 2062 6520 7061 7274 not even be part\n-000450f0: 6961 6c6c 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d2e ially read from.\n-00045100: 2020 4c55 4b53 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 206c LUKS have no l\n-00045110: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206f 7468 6572 imitations other\n-00045120: 0a74 6861 6e20 7468 6f73 6520 696d 706f .than those impo\n-00045130: 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d61 sed by the forma\n-00045140: 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 t... ARC platf\n-00045150: 6f72 6d20 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f orm is unable to\n-00045160: 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6461 7465 7469 6d65 change datetime\n-00045170: 2028 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 736e (firmware doesn\n-00045180: 2774 2073 6565 6d20 746f 0a70 726f 7669 't seem to.provi\n-00045190: 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 666f de a function fo\n-000451a0: 7220 6974 292e 2020 454d 5520 6861 7320 r it). EMU has \n-000451b0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 similar limitati\n-000451c0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2045 4d55 2070 on... On EMU p\n-000451d0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 latform no seria\n-000451e0: 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 l port is availa\n-000451f0: 626c 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e 736f 6c65 ble... Console\n-00045200: 2063 6861 7273 6574 2072 6566 6572 7320 charset refers \n-00045210: 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 6669 726d 7761 7265 only to firmware\n-00045220: 2d61 7373 6973 7465 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c -assisted consol\n-00045230: 652e 2020 6766 7874 6572 6d20 6973 0a61 e. gfxterm is.a\n-00045240: 6c77 6179 7320 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2873 lways Unicode (s\n-00045250: 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c ee International\n-00045260: 6973 6174 696f 6e20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 isation section \n-00045270: 666f 7220 6974 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 for its limitati\n-00045280: 6f6e 7329 2e0a 5365 7269 616c 2069 7320 ons)..Serial is \n-00045290: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 configurable to \n-000452a0: 5554 462d 3820 6f72 2041 5343 4949 2028 UTF-8 or ASCII (\n-000452b0: 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 see Internationa\n-000452c0: 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 496e 0a63 lisation). In.c\n-000452d0: 6173 6520 6f66 2071 656d 7520 616e 6420 ase of qemu and \n-000452e0: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6f72 7473 2074 coreboot ports t\n-000452f0: 6865 2072 6566 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 736f he refered conso\n-00045300: 6c65 2069 7320 7667 615f 7465 7874 2e0a le is vga_text..\n-00045310: 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2061 6c77 6179 7320 Loongson always \n-00045320: 7573 6573 2067 6678 7465 726d 2e0a 0a20 uses gfxterm... \n-00045330: 2020 4d6f 7374 206c 696d 6974 6564 206f Most limited o\n-00045340: 6e65 2069 7320 4153 4349 492e 2043 5034 ne is ASCII. CP4\n-00045350: 3337 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6164 6469 37 provides addi\n-00045360: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 tionally.pseudog\n-00045370: 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 4752 5542 3220 raphics. GRUB2 \n-00045380: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7573 6520 616e 7920 doesn't use any \n-00045390: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6861 7261 6374 language charact\n-000453a0: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2043 5034 3337 2061 ers from CP437 a\n-000453b0: 730a 6f66 7465 6e20 4350 3433 3720 6973 s.often CP437 is\n-000453c0: 2072 6570 6c61 6365 6420 6279 206e 6174 replaced by nat\n-000453d0: 696f 6e61 6c20 656e 636f 6469 6e67 2063 ional encoding c\n-000453e0: 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 ompatible only i\n-000453f0: 6e0a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 n.pseudographics\n-00045400: 2e20 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2069 7320 7468 . Unicode is th\n-00045410: 6520 6d6f 7374 2076 6572 7361 7469 6c65 e most versatile\n-00045420: 2063 6861 7273 6574 2077 6869 6368 2073 charset which s\n-00045430: 7570 706f 7274 730a 6d61 6e79 206c 616e upports.many lan\n-00045440: 6775 6167 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 guages. However\n-00045450: 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 636f 6e73 the actual cons\n-00045460: 6f6c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 206d 7563 6820 ole may be much \n-00045470: 6d6f 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a64 6570 more limited.dep\n-00045480: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6669 726d 7761 ending on firmwa\n-00045490: 7265 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4249 4f53 2c20 re.. On BIOS, \n-000454a0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6973 2073 7570 706f network is suppo\n-000454b0: 7274 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2074 6865 rted only if the\n-000454c0: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 image is loaded\n-000454d0: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a6e 6574 776f 726b through.network\n-000454e0: 2e20 204f 6e20 7370 6172 6336 342c 2047 . On sparc64, G\n-000454f0: 5255 4220 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f RUB is unable to\n-00045500: 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 6368 determine which\n-00045510: 2073 6572 7665 7220 6974 2077 6173 0a62 server it was.b\n-00045520: 6f6f 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a20 2020 ooted from... \n-00045530: 4469 7265 6374 2041 5441 2f41 4843 4920 Direct ATA/AHCI \n-00045540: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 support allows t\n-00045550: 6f20 6369 7263 756d 7665 6e74 2076 6172 o circumvent var\n-00045560: 696f 7573 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 6c69 ious firmware.li\n-00045570: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6973 mitations but is\n-00045580: 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206e n't needed for n\n-00045590: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 ormal operation \n-000455a0: 6578 6365 7074 206f 6e20 6261 7265 6d65 except on bareme\n-000455b0: 7461 6c0a 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 tal.ports... A\n-000455c0: 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7570 706f T keyboard suppo\n-000455d0: 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6b65 7962 6f61 rt allows keyboa\n-000455e0: 7264 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7265 6d61 7070 rd layout remapp\n-000455f0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ing and support \n-00045600: 666f 720a 6b65 7973 206e 6f74 2061 7661 for.keys not ava\n-00045610: 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2066 ilable through f\n-00045620: 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 4974 2069 736e irmware. It isn\n-00045630: 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 't needed for no\n-00045640: 726d 616c 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 rmal.operation e\n-00045650: 7863 6570 7420 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c20 xcept baremetal \n-00045660: 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2053 7065 616b ports... Speak\n-00045670: 6572 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d6f 7273 6520 er allows morse \n-00045680: 616e 6420 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2063 6f6d and spkmodem com\n-00045690: 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 munication... \n-000456a0: 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7072 6f76 USB support prov\n-000456b0: 6964 6573 2062 656e 6566 6974 7320 7369 ides benefits si\n-000456c0: 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2041 5441 2028 666f milar to ATA (fo\n-000456d0: 7220 5553 4220 6469 736b 7329 206f 7220 r USB disks) or \n-000456e0: 4154 0a28 666f 7220 5553 4220 6b65 7962 AT.(for USB keyb\n-000456f0: 6f61 7264 7329 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 6469 oards). In addi\n-00045700: 7469 6f6e 2069 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2055 tion it allows U\n-00045710: 5342 7365 7269 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 SBserial... Ch\n-00045720: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2072 6566 6572 ainloading refer\n-00045730: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 s to the ability\n-00045740: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 to load another\n-00045750: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 726f bootloader thro\n-00045760: 7567 680a 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f ugh.the same pro\n-00045770: 746f 636f 6c0a 0a20 2020 4869 6e74 7320 tocol.. Hints \n-00045780: 616c 6c6f 7720 6661 7374 6572 2064 6973 allow faster dis\n-00045790: 6b20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6279 2061 k discovery by a\n-000457a0: 6c72 6561 6479 206b 6e6f 7769 6e67 2069 lready knowing i\n-000457b0: 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6520 7768 6963 680a n advance which.\n-000457c0: 6973 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 696e 2071 is the disk in q\n-000457d0: 7565 7374 696f 6e2e 2020 4f6e 2073 6f6d uestion. On som\n-000457e0: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6869 6e74 e platforms hint\n-000457f0: 7320 6172 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 756e s are correct un\n-00045800: 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 0a6d 6f76 6520 7468 less you.move th\n-00045810: 6520 6469 736b 2062 6574 7765 656e 2062 e disk between b\n-00045820: 6f6f 7473 2e20 204f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 oots. On other \n-00045830: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 206a platforms it's j\n-00045840: 7573 7420 616e 2065 6475 6361 7465 640a ust an educated.\n-00045850: 6775 6573 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 guess. Note tha\n-00045860: 7420 6869 6e74 2066 6169 6c75 7265 2072 t hint failure r\n-00045870: 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 6a75 7374 2072 esults in just r\n-00045880: 6564 7563 6564 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e educed performan\n-00045890: 6365 2c20 6e6f 740a 6120 6661 696c 7572 ce, not.a failur\n-000458a0: 650a 0a20 2020 4261 6452 414d 2069 7320 e.. BadRAM is \n-000458b0: 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206d the ability to m\n-000458c0: 6172 6b20 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 ark some of the \n-000458d0: 5241 4d20 6173 2022 6261 6422 2e20 204e RAM as \"bad\". N\n-000458e0: 6f74 653a 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 7072 6f74 ote: due to.prot\n-000458f0: 6f63 6f6c 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 ocol limitations\n-00045900: 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 mips-loongson (\n-00045910: 7769 7468 204c 696e 7578 2070 726f 746f with Linux proto\n-00045920: 636f 6c29 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 732d 7165 col) and.mips-qe\n-00045930: 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 6361 6e20 7573 6520 mu_mips can use \n-00045940: 6f6e 6c79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7570 2074 only memory up t\n-00045950: 6f20 6669 7273 7420 686f 6c65 2e0a 0a20 o first hole... \n-00045960: 2020 426f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 Bootlocation i\n-00045970: 7320 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2047 5255 s ability of GRU\n-00045980: 4220 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c B to automatical\n-00045990: 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 7768 6572 6520 ly detect where \n-000459a0: 6974 0a62 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 it.boots from. \n-000459b0: 2264 6973 6b22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 \"disk\" means the\n-000459c0: 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6c69 detection is li\n-000459d0: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2064 6574 6563 7469 mited to detecti\n-000459e0: 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 7769 7468 ng the disk.with\n-000459f0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6569 6e67 partition being\n-00045a00: 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 6420 6f6e 2069 discovered on i\n-00045a10: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 696d 652e 2020 2270 nstall time. \"p\n-00045a20: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2220 6d65 616e 7320 artition\" means \n-00045a30: 7468 6174 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 7061 that.disk and pa\n-00045a40: 7274 6974 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6175 rtiton can be au\n-00045a50: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6469 7363 tomatically disc\n-00045a60: 6f76 6572 6564 2e20 2022 6669 6c65 2220 overed. \"file\" \n-00045a70: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a62 6f6f 7420 means that.boot \n-00045a80: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 image file name \n-00045a90: 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2064 6973 6b20 as well as disk \n-00045aa0: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6361 and partition ca\n-00045ab0: 6e20 6265 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e n be discovered.\n-00045ac0: 0a46 6f72 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 6379 .For consistency\n-00045ad0: 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7374 616c , default instal\n-00045ae0: 6c20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 7061 7274 6974 l ignores partit\n-00045af0: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7265 6c69 6573 2073 ion and relies s\n-00045b00: 6f6c 656c 7920 6f6e 0a64 6973 6b20 6465 olely on.disk de\n-00045b10: 7465 6374 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 tection. If no \n-00045b20: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2064 6973 bootlocation dis\n-00045b30: 636f 7665 7279 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 covery is availa\n-00045b40: 626c 6520 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 640a ble or boot and.\n-00045b50: 6772 7562 2d72 6f6f 7420 6469 736b 7320 grub-root disks \n-00045b60: 6172 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 742c 2055 are different, U\n-00045b70: 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 UID is used inst\n-00045b80: 6561 642e 2020 4f6e 2041 5243 2069 6620 ead. On ARC if \n-00045b90: 6e6f 0a64 6576 6963 6520 746f 2069 6e73 no.device to ins\n-00045ba0: 7461 6c6c 2074 6f20 6973 2073 7065 6369 tall to is speci\n-00045bb0: 6669 6564 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 7573 fied, UUID is us\n-00045bc0: 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2061 7320 7765 ed instead as we\n-00045bd0: 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll... \n-00045be0: 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n-00045bf0: 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 Coreboot \n-00045c00: 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 Multiboot \n-00045c10: 2051 656d 750a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 Qemu.video \n-00045c20: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045c30: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045c40: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045c50: 2020 7965 730a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 yes.console \n-00045c60: 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00045c70: 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00045c80: 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00045c90: 2020 4350 3433 370a 6368 6172 7365 740a CP437.charset.\n-00045ca0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2079 network y\n-00045cb0: 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es (*) no\n-00045cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00045cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 no.A\n-00045ce0: 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 TA/AHCI ye\n-00045cf0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00045d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 yes.A\n-00045d20: 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 T keyboard ye\n-00045d30: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00045d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a53 yes.S\n-00045d60: 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 peaker ye\n-00045d70: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a55 yes.U\n-00045da0: 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 SB ye\n-00045db0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00045dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 yes.c\n-00045de0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 6c6f hainloader lo\n-00045df0: 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 cal yes\n-00045e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 no.cp\n-00045e20: 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 uid par\n-00045e30: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n-00045e40: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n-00045e50: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n-00045e60: 6c0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 l.rdmsr \n-00045e70: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045e80: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n-00045e90: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n-00045ea0: 7274 6961 6c0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 rtial.wrmsr \n-00045eb0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-00045ec0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-00045ed0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045ee0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 6869 6e74 7320 partial.hints \n-00045ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 guess \n-00045f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 guess \n-00045f10: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 guess \n-00045f20: 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 guess.PCI \n-00045f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00045f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00045f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6261 6472 yes.badr\n-00045f70: 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 am yes \n-00045f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00045f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6d70 yes.comp\n-00045fb0: 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2061 6c77 6179 ression alway\n-00045fc0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 696e 746c s pointl\n-00045fd0: 6573 7320 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 ess no \n-00045fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 no.exit \n-00045ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00046000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046020: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f no.bootlo\n-00046030: 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2064 6973 6b20 2020 cation disk \n-00046040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046050: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046060: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 no.. \n-00046070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 ia32 EF\n-00046080: 4920 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 I amd64 EF\n-00046090: 4920 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 2020 2020 I ia32 \n-000460a0: 2020 2020 2020 4974 616e 6975 6d0a 2020 Itanium. \n-000460b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044cc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 ======..The GRUB\n+00044cd0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 can be locked d\n+00044ce0: 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 own when booted \n+00044cf0: 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 on a secure boot\n+00044d00: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c0a 666f environment,.fo\n+00044d10: 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 2074 6865 r example if the\n+00044d20: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n+00044d30: 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 204f t is enabled. O\n+00044d40: 6e20 6120 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e0a n a locked down.\n+00044d50: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2074 configuration, t\n+00044d60: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 he GRUB will be \n+00044d70: 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2061 6e64 2073 restricted and s\n+00044d80: 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2f63 ome operations/c\n+00044d90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 ommands.cannot b\n+00044da0: 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e executed... \n+00044db0: 5468 6520 e280 986c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6ee2 The ...lockdown.\n+00044dc0: 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 .. variable is s\n+00044dd0: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 et to ...y... wh\n+00044de0: 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c en the GRUB is l\n+00044df0: 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 4f74 6865 ocked down..Othe\n+00044e00: 7277 6973 6520 6974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f rwise it does no\n+00044e10: 7420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a t exit.....File:\n+00044e20: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00044e30: 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 e: Platform limi\n+00044e40: 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 tations, Next: \n+00044e50: 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Platform-specifi\n+00044e60: 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 c operations, P\n+00044e70: 7265 763a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 rev: Security, \n+00044e80: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3020 506c 6174 Up: Top..20 Plat\n+00044e90: 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 form limitations\n+00044ea0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+00044eb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 3220 ********..GRUB2 \n+00044ec0: 6973 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2062 is designed to b\n+00044ed0: 6520 706f 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2069 e portable and i\n+00044ee0: 7320 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6f72 7465 s actually porte\n+00044ef0: 6420 6163 726f 7373 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 d across.platfor\n+00044f00: 6d73 2e20 2057 6520 7472 7920 746f 206b ms. We try to k\n+00044f10: 6565 7020 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d eep all platform\n+00044f20: 7320 6174 2074 6865 206c 6576 656c 2e20 s at the level. \n+00044f30: 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 0a73 Unfortunately.s\n+00044f40: 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6172 ome platforms ar\n+00044f50: 6520 6265 7474 6572 2073 7570 706f 7274 e better support\n+00044f60: 6564 2074 6861 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 ed than others. \n+00044f70: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6574 6169 6c65 This is detaile\n+00044f80: 6420 696e 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2061 6e64 d in.current and\n+00044f90: 2032 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6563 2 following sec\n+00044fa0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2070 tions... All p\n+00044fb0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 616e latforms have an\n+00044fc0: 2061 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c6c 7920 4752 artificially GR\n+00044fd0: 5542 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2064 6973 6b20 UB imposed disk \n+00044fe0: 7369 7a65 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e size restriction\n+00044ff0: 0a6f 6620 3120 4569 422e 2049 6e20 736f .of 1 EiB. In so\n+00045000: 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6c61 7267 6572 me cases, larger\n+00045010: 2064 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 7320 6361 6e20 disk sizes can \n+00045020: 6265 2075 7365 642c 2062 7574 2061 6363 be used, but acc\n+00045030: 6573 7320 7769 6c6c 0a6e 6f74 2062 6520 ess will.not be \n+00045040: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 6265 796f 6e64 2031 allowed beyond 1\n+00045050: 2045 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c55 4b53 3220 EiB... LUKS2 \n+00045060: 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 7468 2073 697a devices with siz\n+00045070: 6520 6c61 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e20 3136 e larger than 16\n+00045080: 2045 6942 2061 7265 2063 7572 7265 6e74 EiB are current\n+00045090: 6c79 206e 6f74 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 ly not.supported\n+000450a0: 2e20 2054 6865 7920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 . They can not \n+000450b0: 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6372 be created as cr\n+000450c0: 7970 746f 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 ypto devices by \n+000450d0: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2073 6f0a cryptomount, so.\n+000450e0: 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6576 656e 2062 6520 can not even be \n+000450f0: 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 7920 7265 6164 2066 partially read f\n+00045100: 726f 6d2e 2020 4c55 4b53 2068 6176 6520 rom. LUKS have \n+00045110: 6e6f 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206f no limitations o\n+00045120: 7468 6572 0a74 6861 6e20 7468 6f73 6520 ther.than those \n+00045130: 696d 706f 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2066 imposed by the f\n+00045140: 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 5243 2070 ormat... ARC p\n+00045150: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6973 2075 6e61 626c latform is unabl\n+00045160: 6520 746f 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6461 7465 e to change date\n+00045170: 7469 6d65 2028 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 time (firmware d\n+00045180: 6f65 736e 2774 2073 6565 6d20 746f 0a70 oesn't seem to.p\n+00045190: 726f 7669 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f rovide a functio\n+000451a0: 6e20 666f 7220 6974 292e 2020 454d 5520 n for it). EMU \n+000451b0: 6861 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6c69 6d69 has similar limi\n+000451c0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2045 tation... On E\n+000451d0: 4d55 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6e6f 2073 MU platform no s\n+000451e0: 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 erial port is av\n+000451f0: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e ailable... Con\n+00045200: 736f 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2072 6566 sole charset ref\n+00045210: 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 6669 726d ers only to firm\n+00045220: 7761 7265 2d61 7373 6973 7465 6420 636f ware-assisted co\n+00045230: 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 6766 7874 6572 6d20 nsole. gfxterm \n+00045240: 6973 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 556e 6963 6f64 is.always Unicod\n+00045250: 6520 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 e (see Internati\n+00045260: 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 7365 6374 onalisation sect\n+00045270: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6974 7320 6c69 6d69 ion for its limi\n+00045280: 7461 7469 6f6e 7329 2e0a 5365 7269 616c tations)..Serial\n+00045290: 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 is configurable\n+000452a0: 2074 6f20 5554 462d 3820 6f72 2041 5343 to UTF-8 or ASC\n+000452b0: 4949 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 II (see Internat\n+000452c0: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 ionalisation). \n+000452d0: 496e 0a63 6173 6520 6f66 2071 656d 7520 In.case of qemu \n+000452e0: 616e 6420 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6f72 and coreboot por\n+000452f0: 7473 2074 6865 2072 6566 6572 6564 2063 ts the refered c\n+00045300: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2069 7320 7667 615f 7465 onsole is vga_te\n+00045310: 7874 2e0a 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2061 6c77 xt..Loongson alw\n+00045320: 6179 7320 7573 6573 2067 6678 7465 726d ays uses gfxterm\n+00045330: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 7374 206c 696d 6974 ... Most limit\n+00045340: 6564 206f 6e65 2069 7320 4153 4349 492e ed one is ASCII.\n+00045350: 2043 5034 3337 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 CP437 provides \n+00045360: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a70 7365 additionally.pse\n+00045370: 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 4752 udographics. GR\n+00045380: 5542 3220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7573 6520 UB2 doesn't use \n+00045390: 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6861 any language cha\n+000453a0: 7261 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2043 5034 racters from CP4\n+000453b0: 3337 2061 730a 6f66 7465 6e20 4350 3433 37 as.often CP43\n+000453c0: 3720 6973 2072 6570 6c61 6365 6420 6279 7 is replaced by\n+000453d0: 206e 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 656e 636f 6469 national encodi\n+000453e0: 6e67 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f6e ng compatible on\n+000453f0: 6c79 2069 6e0a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 ly in.pseudograp\n+00045400: 6869 6373 2e20 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2069 hics. Unicode i\n+00045410: 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2076 6572 7361 s the most versa\n+00045420: 7469 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2077 6869 tile charset whi\n+00045430: 6368 2073 7570 706f 7274 730a 6d61 6e79 ch supports.many\n+00045440: 206c 616e 6775 6167 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 languages. How\n+00045450: 6576 6572 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 ever the actual \n+00045460: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 206d console may be m\n+00045470: 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 uch more limited\n+00045480: 0a64 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6669 .depending on fi\n+00045490: 726d 7761 7265 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4249 rmware.. On BI\n+000454a0: 4f53 2c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6973 2073 OS, network is s\n+000454b0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 upported only if\n+000454c0: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6c6f the image is lo\n+000454d0: 6164 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a6e 6574 aded through.net\n+000454e0: 776f 726b 2e20 204f 6e20 7370 6172 6336 work. On sparc6\n+000454f0: 342c 2047 5255 4220 6973 2075 6e61 626c 4, GRUB is unabl\n+00045500: 6520 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 e to determine w\n+00045510: 6869 6368 2073 6572 7665 7220 6974 2077 hich server it w\n+00045520: 6173 0a62 6f6f 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2e0a as.booted from..\n+00045530: 0a20 2020 4469 7265 6374 2041 5441 2f41 . Direct ATA/A\n+00045540: 4843 4920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f HCI support allo\n+00045550: 7773 2074 6f20 6369 7263 756d 7665 6e74 ws to circumvent\n+00045560: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2066 6972 6d77 6172 various firmwar\n+00045570: 650a 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 e.limitations bu\n+00045580: 7420 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 t isn't needed f\n+00045590: 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 or normal operat\n+000455a0: 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 206f 6e20 6261 ion except on ba\n+000455b0: 7265 6d65 7461 6c0a 706f 7274 732e 0a0a remetal.ports...\n+000455c0: 2020 2041 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 AT keyboard s\n+000455d0: 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6b65 upport allows ke\n+000455e0: 7962 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7265 yboard layout re\n+000455f0: 6d61 7070 696e 6720 616e 6420 7375 7070 mapping and supp\n+00045600: 6f72 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7973 206e 6f74 ort for.keys not\n+00045610: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6872 6f75 available throu\n+00045620: 6768 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 4974 gh firmware. It\n+00045630: 2069 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f isn't needed fo\n+00045640: 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 r normal.operati\n+00045650: 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7420 6261 7265 6d65 on except bareme\n+00045660: 7461 6c20 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2053 tal ports... S\n+00045670: 7065 616b 6572 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d6f peaker allows mo\n+00045680: 7273 6520 616e 6420 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d rse and spkmodem\n+00045690: 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a communication..\n+000456a0: 0a20 2020 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 . USB support \n+000456b0: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2062 656e 6566 6974 provides benefit\n+000456c0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2041 5441 s similar to ATA\n+000456d0: 2028 666f 7220 5553 4220 6469 736b 7329 (for USB disks)\n+000456e0: 206f 7220 4154 0a28 666f 7220 5553 4220 or AT.(for USB \n+000456f0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 7329 2e20 2049 6e20 keyboards). In \n+00045700: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2069 7420 616c 6c6f addition it allo\n+00045710: 7773 2055 5342 7365 7269 616c 2e0a 0a20 ws USBserial... \n+00045720: 2020 4368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2072 Chainloading r\n+00045730: 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 2061 6269 efers to the abi\n+00045740: 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f lity to load ano\n+00045750: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 ther bootloader \n+00045760: 7468 726f 7567 680a 7468 6520 7361 6d65 through.the same\n+00045770: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c0a 0a20 2020 4869 protocol.. Hi\n+00045780: 6e74 7320 616c 6c6f 7720 6661 7374 6572 nts allow faster\n+00045790: 2064 6973 6b20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 disk discovery \n+000457a0: 6279 2061 6c72 6561 6479 206b 6e6f 7769 by already knowi\n+000457b0: 6e67 2069 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6520 7768 ng in advance wh\n+000457c0: 6963 680a 6973 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 ich.is the disk \n+000457d0: 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e2e 2020 4f6e in question. On\n+000457e0: 2073 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 some platforms \n+000457f0: 6869 6e74 7320 6172 6520 636f 7272 6563 hints are correc\n+00045800: 7420 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 0a6d 6f76 t unless you.mov\n+00045810: 6520 7468 6520 6469 736b 2062 6574 7765 e the disk betwe\n+00045820: 656e 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 204f 6e20 6f74 en boots. On ot\n+00045830: 6865 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 her platforms it\n+00045840: 2773 206a 7573 7420 616e 2065 6475 6361 's just an educa\n+00045850: 7465 640a 6775 6573 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 ted.guess. Note\n+00045860: 2074 6861 7420 6869 6e74 2066 6169 6c75 that hint failu\n+00045870: 7265 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 6a75 re results in ju\n+00045880: 7374 2072 6564 7563 6564 2070 6572 666f st reduced perfo\n+00045890: 726d 616e 6365 2c20 6e6f 740a 6120 6661 rmance, not.a fa\n+000458a0: 696c 7572 650a 0a20 2020 4261 6452 414d ilure.. BadRAM\n+000458b0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 is the ability \n+000458c0: 746f 206d 6172 6b20 736f 6d65 206f 6620 to mark some of \n+000458d0: 7468 6520 5241 4d20 6173 2022 6261 6422 the RAM as \"bad\"\n+000458e0: 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 2064 7565 2074 6f0a . Note: due to.\n+000458f0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 206c 696d 6974 6174 protocol limitat\n+00045900: 696f 6e73 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 ions mips-loongs\n+00045910: 6f6e 2028 7769 7468 204c 696e 7578 2070 on (with Linux p\n+00045920: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 rotocol) and.mip\n+00045930: 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 6361 6e20 s-qemu_mips can \n+00045940: 7573 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 use only memory \n+00045950: 7570 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 686f 6c65 up to first hole\n+00045960: 2e0a 0a20 2020 426f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 ... Bootlocati\n+00045970: 6f6e 2069 7320 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 on is ability of\n+00045980: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 GRUB to automat\n+00045990: 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 7768 ically detect wh\n+000459a0: 6572 6520 6974 0a62 6f6f 7473 2066 726f ere it.boots fro\n+000459b0: 6d2e 2020 2264 6973 6b22 206d 6561 6e73 m. \"disk\" means\n+000459c0: 2074 6865 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 the detection i\n+000459d0: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2064 6574 s limited to det\n+000459e0: 6563 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a ecting the disk.\n+000459f0: 7769 7468 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 with partition b\n+00045a00: 6569 6e67 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 6420 eing discovered \n+00045a10: 6f6e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 696d 652e on install time.\n+00045a20: 2020 2270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2220 6d65 \"partition\" me\n+00045a30: 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a64 6973 6b20 616e ans that.disk an\n+00045a40: 6420 7061 7274 6974 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 d partiton can b\n+00045a50: 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 e automatically \n+00045a60: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e20 2022 6669 discovered. \"fi\n+00045a70: 6c65 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a62 le\" means that.b\n+00045a80: 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 206e oot image file n\n+00045a90: 616d 6520 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2064 ame as well as d\n+00045aa0: 6973 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f isk and partitio\n+00045ab0: 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 636f 7665 n can be discove\n+00045ac0: 7265 642e 0a46 6f72 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 red..For consist\n+00045ad0: 656e 6379 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e ency, default in\n+00045ae0: 7374 616c 6c20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 7061 stall ignores pa\n+00045af0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7265 6c69 rtition and reli\n+00045b00: 6573 2073 6f6c 656c 7920 6f6e 0a64 6973 es solely on.dis\n+00045b10: 6b20 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 k detection. If\n+00045b20: 206e 6f20 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e no bootlocation\n+00045b30: 2064 6973 636f 7665 7279 2069 7320 6176 discovery is av\n+00045b40: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 ailable or boot \n+00045b50: 616e 640a 6772 7562 2d72 6f6f 7420 6469 and.grub-root di\n+00045b60: 736b 7320 6172 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e sks are differen\n+00045b70: 742c 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 t, UUID is used \n+00045b80: 696e 7374 6561 642e 2020 4f6e 2041 5243 instead. On ARC\n+00045b90: 2069 6620 6e6f 0a64 6576 6963 6520 746f if no.device to\n+00045ba0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6f20 6973 2073 install to is s\n+00045bb0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 5555 4944 2069 pecified, UUID i\n+00045bc0: 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2061 s used instead a\n+00045bd0: 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s well... \n+00045be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 BIOS \n+00045bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 Coreboot \n+00045c00: 2020 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 Multiboot \n+00045c10: 2020 2020 2051 656d 750a 7669 6465 6f20 Qemu.video \n+00045c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00045c40: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045c50: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6e73 6f6c yes.consol\n+00045c60: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 e CP437 \n+00045c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 CP437 \n+00045c80: 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045c90: 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 370a 6368 6172 CP437.char\n+00045ca0: 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 set.network \n+00045cb0: 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00045cc0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045cd0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045ce0: 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00045cf0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d00: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d10: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00045d20: 6573 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 es.AT keyboard \n+00045d30: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d40: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d50: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00045d60: 6573 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 es.Speaker \n+00045d70: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d80: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d90: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00045da0: 6573 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es.USB \n+00045db0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045dc0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045dd0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00045de0: 6573 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 es.chainloader \n+00045df0: 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n+00045e00: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045e10: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00045e20: 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.cpuid \n+00045e30: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045e40: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n+00045e50: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n+00045e60: 7274 6961 6c0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 rtial.rdmsr \n+00045e70: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+00045e80: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n+00045e90: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045ea0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 7772 6d73 7220 partial.wrmsr \n+00045eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c partial\n+00045ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+00045ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+00045ee0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 6869 partial.hi\n+00045ef0: 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 nts gue\n+00045f00: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 ss gues\n+00045f10: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 s guess\n+00045f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a guess.\n+00045f30: 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 PCI y\n+00045f40: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+00045f50: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00045f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00045f70: 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 badram y\n+00045f80: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+00045f90: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00045fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00045fb0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2061 compression a\n+00045fc0: 6c77 6179 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f lways po\n+00045fd0: 696e 746c 6573 7320 2020 2020 206e 6f20 intless no \n+00045fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 no.e\n+00045ff0: 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 xit ye\n+00046000: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n+00046010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f no.bo\n+00046030: 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2064 6973 otlocation dis\n+00046040: 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 k no \n+00046050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 2020 no.. \n+00046070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 ia3\n+00046080: 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 2 EFI amd6\n+00046090: 3420 4546 4920 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4 EFI ia32 \n+000460a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4974 616e 6975 Itaniu\n+000460b0: 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. \n 000460c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000460d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4545 4531 IEEE1\n-000460e0: 3237 350a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 275.video \n-000460f0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046100: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046110: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046120: 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 no.console \n-00046130: 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2020 2020 2020 Unicode \n-00046140: 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 Unicode \n-00046150: 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 ASCII U\n-00046160: 6e69 636f 6465 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e nicode.charset.n\n-00046170: 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 etwork ye\n-00046180: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00046190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000461a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 yes.A\n-000461b0: 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 TA/AHCI ye\n-000461c0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-000461d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000461e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 no.AT\n-000461f0: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 keyboard yes\n-00046200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 no.Spe\n-00046230: 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 aker yes \n-00046240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00046260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 no.USB \n-00046270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00046290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000462a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e no.chain\n-000462b0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 loader local \n-000462c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 local \n-000462d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000462e0: 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f63 616c 0a63 7075 local.cpu\n-000462f0: 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 id part\n-00046300: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n-00046310: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n-00046320: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 l no.rdms\n-00046330: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 r parti\n-00046340: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n-00046350: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n-00046360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 no.wrmsr\n-00046370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 partia\n-00046380: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n-00046390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n-000463a0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 no.hints \n-000463b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 guess \n-000463c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 guess \n-000463d0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 good \n-000463e0: 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 guess.PCI \n-000463f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00046410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00046420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 no.badra\n-00046430: 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 m yes \n-00046440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00046450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046460: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 yes.compr\n-00046470: 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 ession no \n-00046480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000464a0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 no.exit \n-000464b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000464c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000464d0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000464e0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f yes.bootlo\n-000464f0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 cation file \n-00046500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 file \n-00046510: 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 652c 2020 2020 file, \n-00046520: 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 file. \n+000460d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n+000460e0: 4545 4531 3237 350a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 EEE1275.video \n+000460f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046100: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046110: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046120: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 no.console \n+00046130: 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2020 Unicode \n+00046140: 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2020 2020 Unicode \n+00046150: 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n+00046160: 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 0a63 6861 7273 Unicode.chars\n+00046170: 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 et.network \n+00046180: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046190: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461a0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+000461b0: 6573 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 es.ATA/AHCI \n+000461c0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461d0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461e0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+000461f0: 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 o.AT keyboard \n+00046200: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046210: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00046220: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+00046230: 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Speaker \n+00046240: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00046250: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+00046260: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n+00046270: 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 USB y\n+00046280: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+00046290: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+000462a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n+000462b0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 6c6f hainloader lo\n+000462c0: 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f63 cal loc\n+000462d0: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 al no \n+000462e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f63 616c local\n+000462f0: 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .cpuid \n+00046300: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n+00046310: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n+00046320: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a rtial no.\n+00046330: 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 rdmsr p\n+00046340: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n+00046350: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n+00046360: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 tial no.w\n+00046370: 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 rmsr pa\n+00046380: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n+00046390: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n+000463a0: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 ial no.hi\n+000463b0: 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 nts gue\n+000463c0: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 ss gues\n+000463d0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 s good \n+000463e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a guess.\n+000463f0: 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 PCI y\n+00046400: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+00046410: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00046420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 no.b\n+00046430: 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 adram ye\n+00046440: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00046450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 yes.c\n+00046470: 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 6e6f ompression no\n+00046480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00046490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+000464a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 no.ex\n+000464b0: 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 it yes\n+000464c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+000464d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000464e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 626f yes.bo\n+000464f0: 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2066 696c otlocation fil\n+00046500: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 e file\n+00046510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 652c file,\n+00046520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 0a20 file. \n 00046530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00046540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 640a ignored.\n-00046560: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00046570: 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 2073 Loongson s\n-00046580: 7061 7263 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 506f parc64 Po\n-00046590: 7765 7270 6320 2020 2020 2020 2041 5243 werpc ARC\n-000465a0: 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .video \n-000465b0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-000465c0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n-000465d0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n-000465e0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 204e console N\n-000465f0: 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 /A AS\n-00046600: 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 CII ASC\n-00046610: 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 II ASCI\n-00046620: 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 I.charset.networ\n-00046630: 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 k no \n-00046640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 yes (*) \n-00046650: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046660: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 no.ATA/AHC\n-00046670: 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 I yes \n-00046680: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046690: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466a0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f no.AT keybo\n-000466b0: 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 ard yes \n-000466c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466d0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466e0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 no.Speaker \n-000466f0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046700: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046710: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046720: 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n-00046730: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046740: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046750: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046760: 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 no.chainloader\n-00046770: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046780: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046790: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467a0: 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n-000467b0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467c0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467d0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467e0: 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n-000467f0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046800: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046810: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046820: 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.wrmsr \n-00046830: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046840: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046850: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046860: 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .hints \n-00046870: 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 good g\n-00046880: 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f ood go\n-00046890: 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a od no.\n-000468a0: 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 PCI y\n-000468b0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-000468c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000468d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 no.b\n-000468e0: 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 adram ye\n-000468f0: 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s (*) no \n-00046900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f no.co\n-00046920: 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2063 6f6e mpression con\n-00046930: 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 2020 6e6f 2020 figurable no \n-00046940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 config\n-00046960: 7572 6162 6c65 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 urable.exit \n-00046970: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046980: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046990: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000469a0: 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 yes.bootlocat\n-000469b0: 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 ion no \n-000469c0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2020 partition \n-000469d0: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n-000469e0: 2020 2066 696c 6520 282a 290a 0a20 2020 file (*).. \n-000469f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d49 5053 MIPS\n-00046a00: 2071 656d 7520 2020 2020 2065 6d75 2020 qemu emu \n-00046a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e0a 7669 xen.vi\n-00046a20: 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 deo no \n-00046a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f no.co\n-00046a50: 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 nsole CP4\n-00046a60: 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 37 Unic\n-00046a70: 6f64 6520 282a 2920 2020 2041 5343 4949 ode (*) ASCII\n-00046a80: 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b .charset.network\n-00046a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046ab0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 no.ATA/AHC\n-00046ac0: 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 I yes \n-00046ad0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ae0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 no.AT keyb\n-00046af0: 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 oard yes \n-00046b00: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b10: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 no.Speaker\n-00046b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b30: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b40: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 no.USB \n-00046b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 N/A \n-00046b60: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046b70: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f no.chainlo\n-00046b80: 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ader yes \n-00046b90: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ba0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6370 7569 6420 yes.cpuid \n-00046bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a72 646d 7372 yes.rdmsr\n-00046be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 7772 6d73 yes.wrms\n-00046c10: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 r no \n-00046c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a68 696e yes.hin\n-00046c40: 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 ts gues\n-00046c50: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 s no \n-00046c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 no.PCI\n-00046c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 no.bad\n-00046ca0: 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ram yes \n-00046cb0: 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 (*) no \n-00046cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d no.com\n-00046cd0: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f 6e66 pression conf\n-00046ce0: 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 2020 igurable no \n-00046cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 no.exi\n-00046d00: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 t no \n-00046d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f no.boo\n-00046d30: 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 tlocation no \n-00046d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 file \n-00046d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 1f0a no....\n-00046d60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00046d70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d Node: Platform\n-00046d80: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 -specific operat\n-00046d90: 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 7570 ions, Next: Sup\n-00046da0: 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 ported kernels, \n-00046db0: 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 Prev: Platform \n-00046dc0: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 limitations, Up\n-00046dd0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3120 4f75 746c 696e : Top..21 Outlin\n-00046de0: 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f e.**********..So\n-00046df0: 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 me platforms hav\n-00046e00: 6520 6665 6174 7572 6573 2077 6869 6368 e features which\n-00046e10: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 allows to imple\n-00046e20: 6d65 6e74 2073 6f6d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ment some comman\n-00046e30: 6473 0a75 7365 6c65 7373 206f 7220 6e6f ds.useless or no\n-00046e40: 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 626c 6520 t implementable \n-00046e50: 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2051 on others... Q\n-00046e60: 7569 636b 2073 756d 6d61 7279 3a0a 0a20 uick summary:.. \n-00046e70: 2020 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7265 Information re\n-00046e80: 7472 6965 7661 6c3a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 trieval:.. ...\n-00046e90: 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e mipsel-loongson\n-00046ea0: 3a20 6c73 7370 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d : lsspd. ... m\n-00046eb0: 6970 732d 6172 633a 206c 7364 6576 0a20 ips-arc: lsdev. \n-00046ec0: 2020 e280 a220 6566 693a 206c 7365 6669 ... efi: lsefi\n-00046ed0: 7379 7374 6162 2c20 6c73 7361 6c2c 206c systab, lssal, l\n-00046ee0: 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 2c20 6c73 6566 690a sefimmap, lsefi.\n-00046ef0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 ... i386-pc: \n-00046f00: 6c73 6170 6d0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 lsapm. ... i38\n-00046f10: 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 6c73 636f 6-coreboot: lsco\n-00046f20: 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 reboot, coreboot\n-00046f30: 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d 652c 2063 626d 656d _boottime, cbmem\n-00046f40: 630a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d 656e c. ... acpi-en\n-00046f50: 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 2c20 abled (i386-pc, \n-00046f60: 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 i386-coreboot, i\n-00046f70: 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 386-multiboot, *\n-00046f80: 2d65 6669 293a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 6163 -efi):. lsac\n-00046f90: 7069 0a0a 2020 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e pi.. Workaroun\n-00046fa0: 6473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d ds for platform-\n-00046fb0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2069 7373 7565 733a specific issues:\n-00046fc0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d65 6669 . ... i386-efi\n-00046fd0: 2f78 3836 5f36 342d 6566 693a 206c 6f61 /x86_64-efi: loa\n-00046fe0: 6462 696f 732c 2066 616b 6562 696f 732c dbios, fakebios,\n-00046ff0: 2066 6978 5f76 6964 656f 0a20 2020 e280 fix_video. ..\n-00047000: a220 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 . acpi-enabled (\n-00047010: 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f i386-pc, i386-co\n-00047020: 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c reboot, i386-mul\n-00047030: 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a20 tiboot, *-efi): \n-00047040: 6163 7069 0a20 2020 2020 286f 7665 7272 acpi. (overr\n-00047050: 6964 6520 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 7329 ide ACPI tables)\n-00047060: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a . ... i386-pc:\n-00047070: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2020 20e2 80a2 drivemap. ...\n-00047080: 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 i386-pc: sendke\n-00047090: 790a 0a20 2020 4164 7661 6e63 6564 206f y.. Advanced o\n-000470a0: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 706f perations for po\n-000470b0: 7765 7220 7573 6572 733a 0a20 2020 e280 wer users:. ..\n-000470c0: a220 7838 363a 2069 6f72 7720 2864 6972 . x86: iorw (dir\n-000470d0: 6563 7420 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 492f ect access to I/\n-000470e0: 4f20 706f 7274 7329 0a0a 2020 204d 6973 O ports).. Mis\n-000470f0: 6365 6c61 6e65 6f75 733a 0a20 2020 e280 celaneous:. ..\n-00047100: a220 636d 6f73 2028 7838 362d 2a2c 2069 . cmos (x86-*, i\n-00047110: 6565 6531 3237 352c 206d 6970 732d 7165 eee1275, mips-qe\n-00047120: 6d75 5f6d 6970 732c 206d 6970 732d 6c6f mu_mips, mips-lo\n-00047130: 6f6e 6773 6f6e 293a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 ongson): cmostes\n-00047140: 740a 2020 2020 2028 7573 6564 206f 6e20 t. (used on \n-00047150: 736f 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7073 2074 6f20 some laptops to \n-00047160: 6368 6563 6b20 666f 7220 7370 6563 6961 check for specia\n-00047170: 6c20 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 292c l power-on key),\n-00047180: 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 0a20 2020 e280 cmosclean. ..\n-00047190: a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2070 6c61 790a . i386-pc: play.\n-000471a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000471b0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f fo, Node: Suppo\n-000471c0: 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 204e rted kernels, N\n-000471d0: 6578 743a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f ext: Troubleshoo\n-000471e0: 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 ting, Prev: Pla\n-000471f0: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f tform-specific o\n-00047200: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 perations, Up: \n-00047210: 546f 700a 0a32 3220 5375 7070 6f72 7465 Top..22 Supporte\n-00047220: 6420 626f 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 0a2a d boot targets.*\n-00047230: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00047240: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5838 3620 7375 ********..X86 su\n-00047250: 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2073 756d 6d61 7269 pport is summari\n-00047260: 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f sed in the follo\n-00047270: 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2022 5965 wing table. \"Ye\n-00047280: 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 s\" means that th\n-00047290: 650a 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 206f e.kernel works o\n-000472a0: 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 n the given plat\n-000472b0: 666f 726d 2c20 2263 7261 7368 6573 2220 form, \"crashes\" \n-000472c0: 6d65 616e 7320 616e 2065 6172 6c79 206b means an early k\n-000472d0: 6572 6e65 6c0a 6372 6173 6820 7768 6963 ernel.crash whic\n-000472e0: 6820 7765 2068 6f70 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 h we hope will b\n-000472f0: 6520 6669 7865 6420 6279 2063 6f6e 6365 e fixed by conce\n-00047300: 726e 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6465 7665 rned kernel deve\n-00047310: 6c6f 7065 7273 2e20 2022 6e6f 220a 6d65 lopers. \"no\".me\n-00047320: 616e 7320 4752 5542 2064 6f65 736e 2774 ans GRUB doesn't\n-00047330: 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 load the given \n-00047340: 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6e20 6120 6769 7665 kernel on a give\n-00047350: 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2268 6561 n platform..\"hea\n-00047360: 646c 6573 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 dless\" means tha\n-00047370: 7420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 t the kernel wor\n-00047380: 6b73 2062 7574 206c 6163 6b73 2063 6f6e ks but lacks con\n-00047390: 736f 6c65 2064 7269 7665 7273 2028 796f sole drivers (yo\n-000473a0: 750a 6361 6e20 7374 696c 6c20 7573 6520 u.can still use \n-000473b0: 7365 7269 616c 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 serial or networ\n-000473c0: 6b20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2e20 2049 6e20 k console). In \n-000473d0: 6361 7365 206f 6620 226e 6f22 2061 6e64 case of \"no\" and\n-000473e0: 2022 6372 6173 6865 7322 0a74 6865 2072 \"crashes\".the r\n-000473f0: 6561 736f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2069 eason is given i\n-00047400: 6e20 666f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 n footnote.. \n+00046550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6967 6e6f igno\n+00046560: 7265 640a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 red.. \n+00046570: 2020 2020 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2020 2020 Loongson \n+00046580: 2020 2073 7061 7263 3634 2020 2020 2020 sparc64 \n+00046590: 2020 506f 7765 7270 6320 2020 2020 2020 Powerpc \n+000465a0: 2041 5243 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 ARC.video \n+000465b0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465c0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000465d0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465e0: 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 no.console \n+000465f0: 2020 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n+00046600: 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n+00046610: 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n+00046620: 4153 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 ASCII.charset.ne\n+00046630: 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 twork no \n+00046640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00046650: 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 (*) yes \n+00046660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 no.ATA\n+00046670: 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 /AHCI yes \n+00046680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+000466a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b no.AT k\n+000466b0: 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 eyboard yes \n+000466c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+000466d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+000466e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b no.Speak\n+000466f0: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 er no \n+00046700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046720: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 no.USB \n+00046730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046750: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046760: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f no.chainlo\n+00046770: 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ader yes \n+00046780: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046790: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467a0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 no.cpuid \n+000467b0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467d0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467e0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n+000467f0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046800: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046810: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046820: 2020 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n+00046830: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046840: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046850: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046860: 2020 6e6f 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 no.hints \n+00046870: 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n+00046880: 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n+00046890: 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n+000468a0: 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n+000468b0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000468c0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468d0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468e0: 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 no.badram \n+000468f0: 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00046900: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046910: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046920: 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 o.compression \n+00046930: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 2020 configurable \n+00046940: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046950: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f o co\n+00046960: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 0a65 7869 7420 nfigurable.exit \n+00046970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000469a0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c yes.bootl\n+000469b0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 ocation no \n+000469c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 partiti\n+000469d0: 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 on file \n+000469e0: 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 282a 290a file (*).\n+000469f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00046a00: 4d49 5053 2071 656d 7520 2020 2020 2065 MIPS qemu e\n+00046a10: 6d75 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 mu xe\n+00046a20: 6e0a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 n.video \n+00046a30: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046a40: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046a50: 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 o.console \n+00046a60: 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00046a70: 556e 6963 6f64 6520 282a 2920 2020 2041 Unicode (*) A\n+00046a80: 5343 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 SCII.charset.net\n+00046a90: 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 work no \n+00046aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00046ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 no.ATA\n+00046ac0: 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 /AHCI yes \n+00046ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 no.AT \n+00046af0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 keyboard yes \n+00046b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 no.Spe\n+00046b20: 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 aker no \n+00046b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 no.USB\n+00046b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 N/A \n+00046b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00046b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 no.cha\n+00046b80: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 inloader yes \n+00046b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6370 yes.cp\n+00046bb0: 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 uid no \n+00046bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a72 yes.r\n+00046be0: 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f dmsr no\n+00046bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00046c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00046c10: 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e wrmsr n\n+00046c20: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00046c40: 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .hints \n+00046c50: 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e guess n\n+00046c60: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046c70: 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .PCI \n+00046c80: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046c90: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046ca0: 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .badram \n+00046cb0: 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e yes (*) n\n+00046cc0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046cd0: 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 .compression \n+00046ce0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e configurable n\n+00046cf0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046d00: 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .exit \n+00046d10: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n+00046d20: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+00046d30: 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 .bootlocation \n+00046d40: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 no f\n+00046d50: 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f ile no\n+00046d60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00046d70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 nfo, Node: Plat\n+00046d80: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 form-specific op\n+00046d90: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a erations, Next:\n+00046da0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 Supported kerne\n+00046db0: 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 ls, Prev: Platf\n+00046dc0: 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c orm limitations,\n+00046dd0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3120 4f75 Up: Top..21 Ou\n+00046de0: 746c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tline.**********\n+00046df0: 0a0a 536f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 ..Some platforms\n+00046e00: 2068 6176 6520 6665 6174 7572 6573 2077 have features w\n+00046e10: 6869 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2069 hich allows to i\n+00046e20: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6f6d 6520 636f mplement some co\n+00046e30: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a75 7365 6c65 7373 206f mmands.useless o\n+00046e40: 7220 6e6f 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 r not implementa\n+00046e50: 626c 6520 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a ble on others...\n+00046e60: 2020 2051 7569 636b 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Quick summary\n+00046e70: 3a0a 0a20 2020 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f :.. Informatio\n+00046e80: 6e20 7265 7472 6965 7661 6c3a 0a0a 2020 n retrieval:.. \n+00046e90: 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e ... mipsel-loon\n+00046ea0: 6773 6f6e 3a20 6c73 7370 640a 2020 20e2 gson: lsspd. .\n+00046eb0: 80a2 206d 6970 732d 6172 633a 206c 7364 .. mips-arc: lsd\n+00046ec0: 6576 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6566 693a 206c ev. ... efi: l\n+00046ed0: 7365 6669 7379 7374 6162 2c20 6c73 7361 sefisystab, lssa\n+00046ee0: 6c2c 206c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 2c20 6c73 l, lsefimmap, ls\n+00046ef0: 6566 690a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d efi. ... i386-\n+00046f00: 7063 3a20 6c73 6170 6d0a 2020 20e2 80a2 pc: lsapm. ...\n+00046f10: 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 i386-coreboot: \n+00046f20: 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 636f 7265 lscoreboot, core\n+00046f30: 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d 652c 2063 boot_boottime, c\n+00046f40: 626d 656d 630a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 bmemc. ... acp\n+00046f50: 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d i-enabled (i386-\n+00046f60: 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f pc, i386-coreboo\n+00046f70: 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f t, i386-multiboo\n+00046f80: 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a 0a20 2020 2020 t, *-efi):. \n+00046f90: 6c73 6163 7069 0a0a 2020 2057 6f72 6b61 lsacpi.. Worka\n+00046fa0: 726f 756e 6473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 rounds for platf\n+00046fb0: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2069 7373 orm-specific iss\n+00046fc0: 7565 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 ues:. ... i386\n+00046fd0: 2d65 6669 2f78 3836 5f36 342d 6566 693a -efi/x86_64-efi:\n+00046fe0: 206c 6f61 6462 696f 732c 2066 616b 6562 loadbios, fakeb\n+00046ff0: 696f 732c 2066 6978 5f76 6964 656f 0a20 ios, fix_video. \n+00047000: 2020 e280 a220 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c ... acpi-enabl\n+00047010: 6564 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 ed (i386-pc, i38\n+00047020: 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 6-coreboot, i386\n+00047030: 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 -multiboot, *-ef\n+00047040: 6929 3a20 6163 7069 0a20 2020 2020 286f i): acpi. (o\n+00047050: 7665 7272 6964 6520 4143 5049 2074 6162 verride ACPI tab\n+00047060: 6c65 7329 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 les). ... i386\n+00047070: 2d70 633a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2020 -pc: drivemap. \n+00047080: 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 7365 ... i386-pc: se\n+00047090: 6e64 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 4164 7661 6e63 ndkey.. Advanc\n+000470a0: 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 666f ed operations fo\n+000470b0: 7220 706f 7765 7220 7573 6572 733a 0a20 r power users:. \n+000470c0: 2020 e280 a220 7838 363a 2069 6f72 7720 ... x86: iorw \n+000470d0: 2864 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 7373 2074 (direct access t\n+000470e0: 6f20 492f 4f20 706f 7274 7329 0a0a 2020 o I/O ports).. \n+000470f0: 204d 6973 6365 6c61 6e65 6f75 733a 0a20 Miscelaneous:. \n+00047100: 2020 e280 a220 636d 6f73 2028 7838 362d ... cmos (x86-\n+00047110: 2a2c 2069 6565 6531 3237 352c 206d 6970 *, ieee1275, mip\n+00047120: 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 732c 206d 6970 s-qemu_mips, mip\n+00047130: 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 293a 2063 6d6f s-loongson): cmo\n+00047140: 7374 6573 740a 2020 2020 2028 7573 6564 stest. (used\n+00047150: 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7073 on some laptops\n+00047160: 2074 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 666f 7220 7370 to check for sp\n+00047170: 6563 6961 6c20 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b ecial power-on k\n+00047180: 6579 292c 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 0a20 ey), cmosclean. \n+00047190: 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2070 ... i386-pc: p\n+000471a0: 6c61 790a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 lay....File: gru\n+000471b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 b.info, Node: S\n+000471c0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 upported kernels\n+000471d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 , Next: Trouble\n+000471e0: 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a shooting, Prev:\n+000471f0: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 Platform-specif\n+00047200: 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 ic operations, \n+00047210: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3220 5375 7070 Up: Top..22 Supp\n+00047220: 6f72 7465 6420 626f 6f74 2074 6172 6765 orted boot targe\n+00047230: 7473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ts.*************\n+00047240: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5838 ************..X8\n+00047250: 3620 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2073 756d 6 support is sum\n+00047260: 6d61 7269 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 marised in the f\n+00047270: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 ollowing table. \n+00047280: 2022 5965 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 \"Yes\" means tha\n+00047290: 7420 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 t the.kernel wor\n+000472a0: 6b73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 ks on the given \n+000472b0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2263 7261 7368 platform, \"crash\n+000472c0: 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 616e 2065 6172 es\" means an ear\n+000472d0: 6c79 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 6372 6173 6820 ly kernel.crash \n+000472e0: 7768 6963 6820 7765 2068 6f70 6520 7769 which we hope wi\n+000472f0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6669 7865 6420 6279 2063 ll be fixed by c\n+00047300: 6f6e 6365 726e 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 oncerned kernel \n+00047310: 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7273 2e20 2022 6e6f developers. \"no\n+00047320: 220a 6d65 616e 7320 4752 5542 2064 6f65 \".means GRUB doe\n+00047330: 736e 2774 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6769 sn't load the gi\n+00047340: 7665 6e20 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6e20 6120 ven kernel on a \n+00047350: 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a given platform..\n+00047360: 2268 6561 646c 6573 7322 206d 6561 6e73 \"headless\" means\n+00047370: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c that the kernel\n+00047380: 2077 6f72 6b73 2062 7574 206c 6163 6b73 works but lacks\n+00047390: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2064 7269 7665 7273 console drivers\n+000473a0: 2028 796f 750a 6361 6e20 7374 696c 6c20 (you.can still \n+000473b0: 7573 6520 7365 7269 616c 206f 7220 6e65 use serial or ne\n+000473c0: 7477 6f72 6b20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2e20 twork console). \n+000473d0: 2049 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 226e 6f22 In case of \"no\"\n+000473e0: 2061 6e64 2022 6372 6173 6865 7322 0a74 and \"crashes\".t\n+000473f0: 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 he reason is giv\n+00047400: 656e 2069 6e20 666f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2e0a en in footnote..\n 00047410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00047420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047430: 2042 494f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n-00047440: 2020 436f 7265 626f 6f74 0a42 494f 5320 Coreboot.BIOS \n-00047450: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 chainloading \n+00047430: 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n+00047440: 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f 6f74 0a42 Coreboot.B\n+00047450: 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 IOS chainloading\n 00047460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047470: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047480: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n-00047490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000474a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000474b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-000474c0: 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n+00047470: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047480: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 no (1).NTLD\n+00047490: 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 R \n+000474a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000474b0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000474c0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n 000474d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000474e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000474f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-00047500: 290a 4672 6565 646f 7320 2020 2020 2020 ).Freedos \n+000474e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000474f0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e s n\n+00047500: 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 646f 7320 2020 o (1).Freedos \n 00047510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047520: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n-00047540: 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 reeBSD bootloade\n-00047550: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-00047560: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047570: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n-00047580: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .32-bit kFreeBSD\n-00047590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000475a0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000475b0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-000475c0: 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5).64-bit kFreeB\n-000475d0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000475f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n-00047600: 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 (5).32-bit kNet\n-00047610: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00047630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n-00047640: 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e es (1).64-bit kN\n-00047650: 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etBSD \n-00047660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00047670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-00047680: 7368 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 shes.32-bit kOpe\n-00047690: 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nBSD \n-000476a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000476b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 yes.6\n-000476c0: 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 4-bit kOpenBSD \n-000476d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476e0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000476f0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f yes.Multibo\n-00047700: 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot \n-00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047720: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00047730: 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 es.Multiboot2 \n-00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00047760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d yes.32-\n-00047770: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 bit Linux (legac\n-00047780: 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 y protocol) \n-00047790: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000477a0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (1).64-bit\n-000477b0: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n-000477c0: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n-000477d0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-000477e0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 no (1).32-bit Li\n-000477f0: 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 nux (modern prot\n-00047800: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ocol) yes \n-00047810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047820: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d .64-bit Linux (m\n-00047830: 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 odern protocol) \n-00047840: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047850: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n-00047860: 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t XNU \n+00047520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00047530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00047540: 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 1).FreeBSD bootl\n+00047550: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+00047560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00047570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00047580: 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 (1).32-bit kFre\n+00047590: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n+000475a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+000475b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n+000475c0: 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 es (5).64-bit kF\n+000475d0: 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeBSD \n+000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+000475f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n+00047600: 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 shes (5).32-bit \n+00047610: 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n+00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047630: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 s c\n+00047640: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 rashes (1).64-bi\n+00047650: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 t kNetBSD \n+00047660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047670: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047680: 2063 7261 7368 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 crashes.32-bit \n+00047690: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+000476a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000476b0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+000476c0: 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 es.64-bit kOpenB\n+000476d0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+000476e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000476f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c yes.Mul\n+00047700: 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot \n+00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047720: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047730: 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 yes.Multiboot\n+00047740: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n+00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00047760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047770: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .32-bit Linux (l\n+00047780: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n+00047790: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477a0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 no (1).64\n+000477b0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n+000477c0: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n+000477d0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477e0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 no (1).32-bi\n+000477f0: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 t Linux (modern \n+00047800: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00047810: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047820: 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 yes.64-bit Linu\n+00047830: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n+00047840: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n+00047850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 yes.3\n+00047860: 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2-bit XNU \n 00047870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047880: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047890: 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 ?.64-bit XNU \n-000478a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000478c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 ?.32-bi\n-000478d0: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n-000478e0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-000478f0: 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047900: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 no (2).64-bit E\n-00047910: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n-00047920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00047930: 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (2) no\n-00047940: 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 (2).Appleloader\n-00047950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n-00047970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n-00047980: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).. \n+00047880: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047890: 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e ?.64-bit XN\n+000478a0: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n+000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+000478c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 ?.3\n+000478d0: 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 2-bit EFI chainl\n+000478e0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+000478f0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047900: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 no (2).64-b\n+00047910: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n+00047920: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+00047930: 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047940: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f no (2).Applelo\n+00047950: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n+00047960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047970: 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (2) n\n+00047980: 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (2).. \n 00047990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000479a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Multiboo\n-000479b0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2051 656d 750a 4249 t Qemu.BI\n-000479c0: 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 OS chainloading \n-000479d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000479e0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000479f0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 no (1).NTLDR\n-00047a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000479a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 Mult\n+000479b0: 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2051 656d iboot Qem\n+000479c0: 750a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 u.BIOS chainload\n+000479d0: 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing \n+000479e0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+000479f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e no (1).N\n+00047a00: 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 TLDR \n 00047a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a20: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047a30: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n-00047a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00047a60: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n-00047a70: 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 (1).FreeDOS \n+00047a20: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047a30: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e no (1).Plan\n+00047a40: 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 9 \n+00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047a60: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047a70: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 no (1).FreeDOS\n 00047a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00047aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-00047ab0: 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f ).FreeBSD bootlo\n-00047ac0: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00047ae0: 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 1) crashes \n-00047af0: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 (1).32-bit kFree\n-00047b00: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00047b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n-00047b20: 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 (5) crashe\n-00047b30: 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 s (5).64-bit kFr\n-00047b40: 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD \n-00047b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n-00047b60: 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 es (5) cras\n-00047b70: 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b hes (5).32-bit k\n-00047b80: 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NetBSD \n-00047b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-00047ba0: 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 shes (1) cr\n-00047bb0: 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 ashes (1).64-bit\n-00047bc0: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-00047bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047be0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047bf0: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e yes.32-bit kOpen\n-00047c00: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00047c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 yes.64\n-00047c30: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n-00047c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c50: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047c60: 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f yes.Multiboo\n-00047c70: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n-00047c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047ca0: 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 s.Multiboot2 \n+00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047aa0: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n+00047ab0: 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f o (1).FreeBSD bo\n+00047ac0: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 otloader \n+00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n+00047ae0: 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 es (1) cras\n+00047af0: 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b hes (1).32-bit k\n+00047b00: 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeBSD \n+00047b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n+00047b20: 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 shes (5) cr\n+00047b30: 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 ashes (5).64-bit\n+00047b40: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+00047b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+00047b60: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 rashes (5) \n+00047b70: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 crashes (5).32-b\n+00047b80: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+00047b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047ba0: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n+00047bb0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 crashes (1).64\n+00047bc0: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n+00047bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047be0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047bf0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b yes.32-bit k\n+00047c00: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n+00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047c30: 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 s.64-bit kOpenBS\n+00047c40: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00047c50: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 yes.Mult\n+00047c70: 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot \n+00047c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047c90: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047ca0: 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 yes.Multiboot2\n 00047cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n-00047ce0: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 it Linux (legacy\n-00047cf0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00047d00: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047d10: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 no (1).64-bit \n-00047d20: 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 Linux (legacy pr\n-00047d30: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f otocol) no\n-00047d40: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n-00047d50: 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).32-bit Lin\n-00047d60: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n-00047d70: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n-00047d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00047d90: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 64-bit Linux (mo\n-00047da0: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n-00047db0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047dc0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n-00047dd0: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n-00047de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n-00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e00: 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 ?.64-bit XNU \n+00047cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00047cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00047ce0: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 32-bit Linux (le\n+00047cf0: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n+00047d00: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047d10: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d no (1).64-\n+00047d20: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 bit Linux (legac\n+00047d30: 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 y protocol) \n+00047d40: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047d50: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 no (1).32-bit\n+00047d60: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n+00047d70: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n+00047d80: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00047d90: 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 yes.64-bit Linux\n+00047da0: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n+00047db0: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n+00047dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n+00047dd0: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 -bit XNU \n+00047de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047df0: 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047e00: 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 ?.64-bit XNU\n 00047e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 ?.32-bit\n-00047e40: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n-00047e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00047e60: 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (2) \n-00047e70: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 no (2).64-bit EF\n-00047e80: 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 I chainloader \n-00047e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00047ea0: 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2) no \n-00047eb0: 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 (2).Appleloader \n-00047ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 no (2) \n-00047ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n-00047ef0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n+00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 ? \n+00047e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 ?.32\n+00047e40: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n+00047e50: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n+00047e60: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047e70: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 no (2).64-bi\n+00047e80: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n+00047e90: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+00047ea0: 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047eb0: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 no (2).Appleloa\n+00047ec0: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n+00047ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00047ee0: 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (2) no\n+00047ef0: 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (2).. \n 00047f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f10: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 4920 ia32 EFI \n-00047f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 amd64 EF\n-00047f30: 490a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 I.BIOS chainload\n-00047f40: 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing \n-00047f50: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n-00047f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e no (1).N\n-00047f70: 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 TLDR \n+00047f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 ia32 \n+00047f20: 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 EFI amd6\n+00047f30: 3420 4546 490a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 4 EFI.BIOS chain\n+00047f40: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 loading \n+00047f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047f60: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00047f70: 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).NTLDR \n 00047f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f90: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047fa0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e no (1).Plan\n-00047fb0: 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 9 \n+00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n+00047fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00047fb0: 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Plan9 \n 00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047fd0: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047fe0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 no (1).FreeDOS\n-00047ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-00048010: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n-00048020: 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f o (1).FreeBSD bo\n-00048030: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 otloader \n-00048040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n-00048050: 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 es (1) cras\n-00048060: 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b hes (1).32-bit k\n-00048070: 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeBSD \n-00048080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 hea\n-00048090: 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 dless he\n-000480a0: 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 adless.64-bit kF\n-000480b0: 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeBSD \n-000480c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 head\n-000480d0: 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 less hea\n-000480e0: 646c 6573 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 dless.32-bit kNe\n-000480f0: 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tBSD \n-00048100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n-00048110: 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 es (1) cras\n-00048120: 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b hes (1).64-bit k\n-00048130: 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NetBSD \n-00048140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00048150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00048160: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 s.32-bit kOpenBS\n-00048170: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 headless \n-00048190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 headless\n-000481a0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 .64-bit kOpenBSD\n-000481b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 headless \n-000481d0: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a headless.\n-000481e0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n+00047fd0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047fe0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n+00047ff0: 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eDOS \n+00048000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048010: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048020: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 no (1).FreeBS\n+00048030: 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 D bootloader \n+00048040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+00048050: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 rashes (1) \n+00048060: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 crashes (1).32-b\n+00048070: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n+00048080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048090: 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 headless \n+000480a0: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 headless.64-bi\n+000480b0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n+000480c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000480d0: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 headless \n+000480e0: 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3332 2d62 6974 headless.32-bit\n+000480f0: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n+00048100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+00048110: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 rashes (1) \n+00048120: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 crashes (1).64-b\n+00048130: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+00048140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048150: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048160: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 yes.32-bit kOp\n+00048170: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n+00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c headl\n+00048190: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 ess head\n+000481a0: 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 less.64-bit kOpe\n+000481b0: 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nBSD \n+000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 headle\n+000481d0: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c ss headl\n+000481e0: 6573 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 ess.Multiboot \n 000481f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048200: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048210: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 yes.Multib\n-00048220: 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot2 \n-00048230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00048240: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00048250: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 yes.32-bit Linux\n-00048260: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n-00048270: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 l) no (1) \n-00048280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00048290: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .64-bit Linux (l\n-000482a0: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n-000482b0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000482c0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 no (1).32\n-000482d0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n-000482e0: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n-000482f0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048300: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c yes.64-bit L\n-00048310: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n-00048320: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n-00048330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00048340: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 s.32-bit XNU \n+00048200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00048210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 yes.Mu\n+00048220: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot2 \n+00048230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048240: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048250: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c yes.32-bit L\n+00048260: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n+00048270: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 tocol) no \n+00048280: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n+00048290: 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 (1).64-bit Linu\n+000482a0: 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 x (legacy protoc\n+000482b0: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 ol) no (1)\n+000482c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+000482d0: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).32-bit Linux (\n+000482e0: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n+000482f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 yes.64-b\n+00048310: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n+00048320: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00048330: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048340: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 yes.32-bit XNU\n 00048350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 yes.64-b\n-00048380: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n+00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00048370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00048380: 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 64-bit XNU \n 00048390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483a0: 2079 6573 2028 3429 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes (4) \n-000483b0: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 yes.32-bit EFI\n-000483c0: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 chainloader \n-000483d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-000483f0: 3329 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 3).64-bit EFI ch\n-00048400: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n-00048410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 2020 no (3) \n-00048420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 7070 yes.App\n-00048430: 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 leloader \n+000483a0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 3429 2020 2020 yes (4) \n+000483b0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n+000483c0: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n+000483d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+000483e0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+000483f0: 6e6f 2028 3329 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 no (3).64-bit EF\n+00048400: 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 I chainloader \n+00048410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00048420: 3329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 3) yes\n+00048430: 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .Appleloader \n 00048440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048450: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048460: 2020 2079 6573 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes.. \n+00048450: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048460: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a0a 2020 2020 yes.. \n 00048470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 ia3\n-00048490: 3220 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a42 494f 5320 2 IEEE1275.BIOS \n-000484a0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 chainloading \n+00048480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048490: 2069 6133 3220 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a42 ia32 IEEE1275.B\n+000484a0: 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 IOS chainloading\n 000484b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000484c0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n+000484c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 no (1).NTLDR\n 000484d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-000484f0: 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).Plan9 \n+000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000484f0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n 00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n-00048520: 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeDOS \n+00048510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00048520: 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 1).FreeDOS \n 00048530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048540: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 no (1).FreeB\n-00048550: 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 SD bootloader \n-00048560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048570: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 crashes (1).32-b\n-00048580: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n+00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n+00048550: 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 reeBSD bootloade\n+00048560: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+00048570: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n+00048580: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 32-bit kFreeBSD \n 00048590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000485a0: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d crashes (5).64-\n-000485b0: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n+000485a0: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n+000485b0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .64-bit kFreeBSD\n 000485c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000485d0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 crashes (5).32\n-000485e0: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n+000485d0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n+000485e0: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 ).32-bit kNetBSD\n 000485f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048600: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 crashes (1).6\n-00048610: 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 4-bit kNetBSD \n-00048620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048630: 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 ?.32-bit kOp\n-00048640: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n-00048650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d ?.64-\n-00048660: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 bit kOpenBSD \n+00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n+00048610: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 1).64-bit kNetBS\n+00048620: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00048630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 ?.32-bit\n+00048640: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+00048650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n+00048660: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 .64-bit kOpenBSD\n 00048670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048680: 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 ?.Multiboot \n-00048690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 ?.Multi\n-000486b0: 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot2 \n+00048680: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ?.Multiboo\n+00048690: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+000486a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a4d ?.M\n+000486b0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot2 \n 000486c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486d0: 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ?.32-bit Linux (\n-000486e0: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n-000486f0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 no (1).64\n-00048700: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n-00048710: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n-00048720: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 no (1).32-bit\n-00048730: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n-00048740: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 203f rotocol) ?\n-00048750: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d .64-bit Linux (m\n-00048760: 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 odern protocol) \n-00048770: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 ?.32-bit X\n-00048780: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n-00048790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 ?.6\n-000487a0: 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 4-bit XNU \n+000486d0: 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e ?.32-bit Lin\n+000486e0: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n+000486f0: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 col) no (1\n+00048700: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).64-bit Linux (\n+00048710: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n+00048720: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 no (1).32\n+00048730: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n+00048740: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n+00048750: 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 ?.64-bit Linu\n+00048760: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n+00048770: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 ol) ?.32-b\n+00048780: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n+00048790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000487a0: 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 ?.64-bit XNU \n 000487b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000487c0: 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 ?.32-bit EFI\n-000487d0: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 chainloader \n-000487e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n-000487f0: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 ).64-bit EFI cha\n-00048800: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n-00048810: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 no (2).Ap\n-00048820: 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 pleloader \n+000487c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 ?.32-bit\n+000487d0: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n+000487e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+000487f0: 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 o (2).64-bit EFI\n+00048800: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 chainloader \n+00048810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n+00048820: 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 ).Appleloader \n 00048830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048840: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2031 2e20 no (2).. 1. \n-00048850: 5265 7175 6972 6573 2042 494f 530a 2020 Requires BIOS. \n-00048860: 322e 2045 4649 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 332e 2. EFI only. 3.\n-00048870: 2033 322d 6269 7420 616e 6420 3634 2d62 32-bit and 64-b\n-00048880: 6974 2045 4649 2068 6176 6520 6469 6666 it EFI have diff\n-00048890: 6572 656e 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 erent structures\n-000488a0: 2061 6e64 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 0a20 2020 and work in. \n-000488b0: 2020 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 4350 5520 different CPU \n-000488c0: 6d6f 6465 7320 736f 2069 7427 7320 6e6f modes so it's no\n-000488d0: 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 t possible to ch\n-000488e0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6420 3332 2d62 6974 0a20 ainload 32-bit. \n-000488f0: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 206f bootloader o\n-00048900: 6e20 3634 2d62 6974 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 n 64-bit platfor\n-00048910: 6d20 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 m and vice-versa\n-00048920: 0a20 2034 2e20 536f 6d65 206d 6f64 756c . 4. Some modul\n-00048930: 6573 206d 6179 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 es may need to b\n-00048940: 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 0a20 2035 2e20 e disabled. 5. \n-00048950: 5265 7175 6972 6573 2041 4350 490a 0a20 Requires ACPI.. \n-00048960: 2020 506f 7765 7250 432c 2049 4136 3420 PowerPC, IA64 \n-00048970: 616e 6420 5370 6172 6336 3420 706f 7274 and Sparc64 port\n-00048980: 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e 6c79 204c s support only L\n-00048990: 696e 7578 2e20 204d 4950 5320 706f 7274 inux. MIPS port\n-000489a0: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 .supports Linux \n-000489b0: 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2e0a and multiboot2..\n-000489c0: 0a32 322e 3120 426f 6f74 2074 6573 7473 .22.1 Boot tests\n-000489d0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-000489e0: 0a0a 4173 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7365 ..As you have se\n-000489f0: 656e 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2063 en in previous c\n-00048a00: 6861 7074 6572 2074 6865 2073 7570 706f hapter the suppo\n-00048a10: 7274 206d 6174 7269 7820 6973 2070 7265 rt matrix is pre\n-00048a20: 7474 7920 6269 670a 616e 6420 736f 6d65 tty big.and some\n-00048a30: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 of the configur\n-00048a40: 6174 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206f 6e6c 7920 ations are only \n-00048a50: 7261 7265 6c79 2075 7365 642e 2020 546f rarely used. To\n-00048a60: 2065 6e73 7572 6520 7468 650a 7175 616c ensure the.qual\n-00048a70: 6974 7920 626f 6f74 6368 6563 6b73 2061 ity bootchecks a\n-00048a80: 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 re available for\n-00048a90: 2061 6c6c 2078 3836 2074 6172 6765 7473 all x86 targets\n-00048aa0: 2065 7863 6570 7420 4546 490a 6368 6169 except EFI.chai\n-00048ab0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2041 7070 6c65 6c6f nloader, Applelo\n-00048ac0: 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2058 4e55 2e20 416c ader and XNU. Al\n-00048ad0: 6c20 7838 3620 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 l x86 platforms \n-00048ae0: 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 636b 0a66 have bootcheck.f\n-00048af0: 6163 696c 6974 7920 6578 6365 7074 2069 acility except i\n-00048b00: 6565 6531 3237 352e 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 eee1275. Multib\n-00048b10: 6f6f 742c 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 322c oot, multiboot2,\n-00048b20: 2042 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 BIOS chainloade\n-00048b30: 722c 0a6e 746c 6472 2061 6e64 2066 7265 r,.ntldr and fre\n-00048b40: 6562 7364 2d62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 ebsd-bootloader \n-00048b50: 626f 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 7265 boot targets are\n-00048b60: 2074 6573 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6974 tested only wit\n-00048b70: 6820 6120 6661 6b65 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 h a fake.kernel \n-00048b80: 696d 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 4c69 images. Only Li\n-00048b90: 6e75 7820 6973 2074 6573 7465 6420 616d nux is tested am\n-00048ba0: 6f6e 6720 7468 6520 7061 796c 6f61 6473 ong the payloads\n-00048bb0: 2075 7369 6e67 204c 696e 7578 0a70 726f using Linux.pro\n-00048bc0: 746f 636f 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 6c6c tocols... Foll\n-00048bd0: 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 owing variables \n-00048be0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6465 6669 6e65 643a must be defined:\n-00048bf0: 0a0a 4752 5542 5f50 4159 4c4f 4144 535f ..GRUB_PAYLOADS_\n-00048c00: 4449 5220 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f DIR directo\n-00048c10: 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 ry containing th\n-00048c20: 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 206b 6572 6e65 e required kerne\n-00048c30: 6c73 0a47 5255 425f 4342 4653 544f 4f4c ls.GRUB_CBFSTOOL\n-00048c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6362 6673 746f cbfsto\n-00048c50: 6f6c 2066 726f 6d20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 ol from Coreboot\n-00048c60: 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2028 666f 7220 636f package (for co\n-00048c70: 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 reboot. \n-00048c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c pl\n-00048c90: 6174 666f 726d 206f 6e6c 7929 0a47 5255 atform only).GRU\n-00048ca0: 425f 434f 5245 424f 4f54 5f52 4f4d 2020 B_COREBOOT_ROM \n-00048cb0: 2020 2020 656d 7074 7920 436f 7265 626f empty Corebo\n-00048cc0: 6f74 2052 4f4d 0a47 5255 425f 5145 4d55 ot ROM.GRUB_QEMU\n-00048cd0: 5f4f 5054 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6164 _OPTS ad\n-00048ce0: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ditional options\n-00048cf0: 2074 6f20 6265 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 to be supplied \n-00048d00: 746f 2051 454d 550a 0a20 2020 5265 7175 to QEMU.. Requ\n-00048d10: 6972 6564 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 3a0a ired files are:.\n-00048d20: 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 645f 656e 762e 6933 .kfreebsd_env.i3\n-00048d30: 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 86 3\n-00048d40: 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2064 2-bit kFreeBSD d\n-00048d50: 6576 6963 6520 6869 6e74 730a 6b66 7265 evice hints.kfre\n-00048d60: 6562 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 ebsd.i386 \n-00048d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 32-bit\n-00048d80: 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 FreeBSD kernel \n-00048d90: 696d 6167 650a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e78 image.kfreebsd.x\n-00048da0: 3836 5f36 342c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 86_64, \n-00048db0: 2020 2020 7361 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 same from 64\n-00048dc0: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 440a 6b66 -bit kFreeBSD.kf\n-00048dd0: 7265 6562 7364 5f65 6e76 2e78 3836 5f36 reebsd_env.x86_6\n-00048de0: 340a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 4.knetbsd.i386 \n-00048df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048e00: 3332 2d62 6974 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 32-bit NetBSD ke\n-00048e10: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b 6e65 7462 rnel image.knetb\n-00048e20: 7364 2e6d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6933 3836 sd.miniroot.i386\n-00048e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 32-bit \n-00048e40: 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 kNetBSD miniroot\n-00048e50: 2e6b 6d6f 642e 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e78 .kmod..knetbsd.x\n-00048e60: 3836 5f36 342c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 86_64, \n-00048e70: 2020 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 same from 6\n-00048e80: 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 440a 6b6e 4-bit kNetBSD.kn\n-00048e90: 6574 6273 642e 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e78 etbsd.miniroot.x\n-00048ea0: 3836 5f36 340a 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 2e69 86_64.kopenbsd.i\n-00048eb0: 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 386 \n-00048ec0: 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204f 7065 6e42 32-bit OpenB\n-00048ed0: 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6273 642e 7264 SD kernel bsd.rd\n-00048ee0: 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b 6f70 656e 6273 642e image.kopenbsd.\n-00048ef0: 7838 365f 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x86_64 \n-00048f00: 2020 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 same from 6\n-00048f10: 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 0a6c 4-bit kOpenBSD.l\n-00048f20: 696e 7578 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 inux.i386 \n-00048f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 32-\n-00048f40: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 6c69 6e75 782e bit Linux.linux.\n-00048f50: 7838 365f 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x86_64 \n-00048f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3634 2d62 6974 204c 64-bit L\n-00048f70: 696e 7578 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 inux....File: gr\n-00048f80: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00048f90: 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c Troubleshooting,\n-00048fa0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 Next: User-spa\n-00048fb0: 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2050 ce utilities, P\n-00048fc0: 7265 763a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b rev: Supported k\n-00048fd0: 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 ernels, Up: Top\n-00048fe0: 0a0a 3233 2045 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 ..23 Error messa\n-00048ff0: 6765 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2062 7920 ges produced by \n-00049000: 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a GRUB.***********\n+00048840: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 no (2).. \n+00048850: 2031 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 2042 494f 1. Requires BIO\n+00048860: 530a 2020 322e 2045 4649 206f 6e6c 790a S. 2. EFI only.\n+00048870: 2020 332e 2033 322d 6269 7420 616e 6420 3. 32-bit and \n+00048880: 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2068 6176 6520 64-bit EFI have \n+00048890: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7374 7275 6374 different struct\n+000488a0: 7572 6573 2061 6e64 2077 6f72 6b20 696e ures and work in\n+000488b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 . different \n+000488c0: 4350 5520 6d6f 6465 7320 736f 2069 7427 CPU modes so it'\n+000488d0: 7320 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 s not possible t\n+000488e0: 6f20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6420 3332 2d62 o chainload 32-b\n+000488f0: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 it. bootload\n+00048900: 6572 206f 6e20 3634 2d62 6974 2070 6c61 er on 64-bit pla\n+00048910: 7466 6f72 6d20 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 tform and vice-v\n+00048920: 6572 7361 0a20 2034 2e20 536f 6d65 206d ersa. 4. Some m\n+00048930: 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 206e 6565 6420 odules may need \n+00048940: 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 0a20 to be disabled. \n+00048950: 2035 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 2041 4350 5. Requires ACP\n+00048960: 490a 0a20 2020 506f 7765 7250 432c 2049 I.. PowerPC, I\n+00048970: 4136 3420 616e 6420 5370 6172 6336 3420 A64 and Sparc64 \n+00048980: 706f 7274 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e ports support on\n+00048990: 6c79 204c 696e 7578 2e20 204d 4950 5320 ly Linux. MIPS \n+000489a0: 706f 7274 0a73 7570 706f 7274 7320 4c69 port.supports Li\n+000489b0: 6e75 7820 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f nux and multiboo\n+000489c0: 7432 2e0a 0a32 322e 3120 426f 6f74 2074 t2...22.1 Boot t\n+000489d0: 6573 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ests.===========\n+000489e0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4173 2079 6f75 2068 6176 ====..As you hav\n+000489f0: 6520 7365 656e 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f e seen in previo\n+00048a00: 7573 2063 6861 7074 6572 2074 6865 2073 us chapter the s\n+00048a10: 7570 706f 7274 206d 6174 7269 7820 6973 upport matrix is\n+00048a20: 2070 7265 7474 7920 6269 670a 616e 6420 pretty big.and \n+00048a30: 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6e66 some of the conf\n+00048a40: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206f igurations are o\n+00048a50: 6e6c 7920 7261 7265 6c79 2075 7365 642e nly rarely used.\n+00048a60: 2020 546f 2065 6e73 7572 6520 7468 650a To ensure the.\n+00048a70: 7175 616c 6974 7920 626f 6f74 6368 6563 quality bootchec\n+00048a80: 6b73 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ks are available\n+00048a90: 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2078 3836 2074 6172 for all x86 tar\n+00048aa0: 6765 7473 2065 7863 6570 7420 4546 490a gets except EFI.\n+00048ab0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2041 7070 chainloader, App\n+00048ac0: 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2058 4e55 leloader and XNU\n+00048ad0: 2e20 416c 6c20 7838 3620 706c 6174 666f . All x86 platfo\n+00048ae0: 726d 7320 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 rms have bootche\n+00048af0: 636b 0a66 6163 696c 6974 7920 6578 6365 ck.facility exce\n+00048b00: 7074 2069 6565 6531 3237 352e 2020 4d75 pt ieee1275. Mu\n+00048b10: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 756c 7469 626f ltiboot, multibo\n+00048b20: 6f74 322c 2042 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c ot2, BIOS chainl\n+00048b30: 6f61 6465 722c 0a6e 746c 6472 2061 6e64 oader,.ntldr and\n+00048b40: 2066 7265 6562 7364 2d62 6f6f 746c 6f61 freebsd-bootloa\n+00048b50: 6465 7220 626f 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 der boot targets\n+00048b60: 2061 7265 2074 6573 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 are tested only\n+00048b70: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6661 6b65 0a6b 6572 with a fake.ker\n+00048b80: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e6c nel images. Onl\n+00048b90: 7920 4c69 6e75 7820 6973 2074 6573 7465 y Linux is teste\n+00048ba0: 6420 616d 6f6e 6720 7468 6520 7061 796c d among the payl\n+00048bb0: 6f61 6473 2075 7369 6e67 204c 696e 7578 oads using Linux\n+00048bc0: 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 .protocols... \n+00048bd0: 466f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 Following variab\n+00048be0: 6c65 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6465 6669 les must be defi\n+00048bf0: 6e65 643a 0a0a 4752 5542 5f50 4159 4c4f ned:..GRUB_PAYLO\n+00048c00: 4144 535f 4449 5220 2020 2020 2064 6972 ADS_DIR dir\n+00048c10: 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e ectory containin\n+00048c20: 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 206b g the required k\n+00048c30: 6572 6e65 6c73 0a47 5255 425f 4342 4653 ernels.GRUB_CBFS\n+00048c40: 544f 4f4c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6362 TOOL cb\n+00048c50: 6673 746f 6f6c 2066 726f 6d20 436f 7265 fstool from Core\n+00048c60: 626f 6f74 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2028 666f boot package (fo\n+00048c70: 7220 636f 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 r coreboot. \n+00048c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048c90: 2020 706c 6174 666f 726d 206f 6e6c 7929 platform only)\n+00048ca0: 0a47 5255 425f 434f 5245 424f 4f54 5f52 .GRUB_COREBOOT_R\n+00048cb0: 4f4d 2020 2020 2020 656d 7074 7920 436f OM empty Co\n+00048cc0: 7265 626f 6f74 2052 4f4d 0a47 5255 425f reboot ROM.GRUB_\n+00048cd0: 5145 4d55 5f4f 5054 5320 2020 2020 2020 QEMU_OPTS \n+00048ce0: 2020 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 7074 additional opt\n+00048cf0: 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6265 2073 7570 706c ions to be suppl\n+00048d00: 6965 6420 746f 2051 454d 550a 0a20 2020 ied to QEMU.. \n+00048d10: 5265 7175 6972 6564 2066 696c 6573 2061 Required files a\n+00048d20: 7265 3a0a 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 645f 656e re:..kfreebsd_en\n+00048d30: 762e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 v.i386 \n+00048d40: 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 32-bit kFreeB\n+00048d50: 5344 2064 6576 6963 6520 6869 6e74 730a SD device hints.\n+00048d60: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 kfreebsd.i386 \n+00048d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 32\n+00048d80: 2d62 6974 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 -bit FreeBSD ker\n+00048d90: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 650a 6b66 7265 6562 nel image.kfreeb\n+00048da0: 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c 2020 2020 2020 sd.x86_64, \n+00048db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 6d65 2066 726f same fro\n+00048dc0: 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 m 64-bit kFreeBS\n+00048dd0: 440a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f65 6e76 2e78 D.kfreebsd_env.x\n+00048de0: 3836 5f36 340a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6933 86_64.knetbsd.i3\n+00048df0: 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 86 \n+00048e00: 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204e 6574 4253 32-bit NetBS\n+00048e10: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b D kernel image.k\n+00048e20: 6e65 7462 7364 2e6d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e netbsd.miniroot.\n+00048e30: 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d i386 32-\n+00048e40: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 6d69 6e69 bit kNetBSD mini\n+00048e50: 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 642e 0a6b 6e65 7462 root.kmod..knetb\n+00048e60: 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c 2020 2020 2020 sd.x86_64, \n+00048e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 same fr\n+00048e80: 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 om 64-bit kNetBS\n+00048e90: 440a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6d69 6e69 726f D.knetbsd.miniro\n+00048ea0: 6f74 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6f 7065 6e62 ot.x86_64.kopenb\n+00048eb0: 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 sd.i386 \n+00048ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204f 32-bit O\n+00048ed0: 7065 6e42 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6273 penBSD kernel bs\n+00048ee0: 642e 7264 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b 6f70 656e d.rd image.kopen\n+00048ef0: 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 2020 2020 2020 bsd.x86_64 \n+00048f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 same fr\n+00048f10: 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 om 64-bit kOpenB\n+00048f20: 5344 0a6c 696e 7578 2e69 3338 3620 2020 SD.linux.i386 \n+00048f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048f40: 2033 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 6c69 32-bit Linux.li\n+00048f50: 6e75 782e 7838 365f 3634 2020 2020 2020 nux.x86_64 \n+00048f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3634 2d62 64-b\n+00048f70: 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 it Linux....File\n+00048f80: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00048f90: 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 de: Troubleshoot\n+00048fa0: 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 6572 ing, Next: User\n+00048fb0: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n+00048fc0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 7570 706f 7274 , Prev: Support\n+00048fd0: 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 2055 703a ed kernels, Up:\n+00048fe0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3233 2045 7272 6f72 206d Top..23 Error m\n+00048ff0: 6573 7361 6765 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6564 essages produced\n+00049000: 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a by GRUB.*******\n 00049010: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00049020: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a *******..* Menu:\n-00049030: 0a0a 2a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 ..* GRUB only of\n-00049040: 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 fers a rescue sh\n-00049050: 656c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4669 726d 7761 7265 ell::.* Firmware\n-00049060: 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 stalls instead \n-00049070: 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 423a of booting GRUB:\n-00049080: 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e :....File: grub.\n-00049090: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 5255 info, Node: GRU\n-000490a0: 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 B only offers a \n-000490b0: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 204e rescue shell, N\n-000490c0: 6578 743a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 ext: Firmware st\n-000490d0: 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 alls instead of \n-000490e0: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 booting GRUB, U\n-000490f0: 703a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 p: Troubleshooti\n-00049100: 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e31 2047 5255 4220 6f6e ng..23.1 GRUB on\n-00049110: 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 ly offers a resc\n-00049120: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ue shell.=======\n+00049020: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d ***********..* M\n+00049030: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c enu:..* GRUB onl\n+00049040: 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 y offers a rescu\n+00049050: 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4669 726d e shell::.* Firm\n+00049060: 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 ware stalls inst\n+00049070: 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 ead of booting G\n+00049080: 5255 423a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 RUB::....File: g\n+00049090: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000490a0: 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 GRUB only offer\n+000490b0: 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c s a rescue shell\n+000490c0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 , Next: Firmwar\n+000490d0: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n+000490e0: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n+000490f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 , Up: Troublesh\n+00049100: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e31 2047 5255 ooting..23.1 GRU\n+00049110: 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 B only offers a \n+00049120: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d rescue shell.===\n 00049130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00049140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n-00049150: 5255 4227 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 2073 7461 RUB's normal sta\n-00049160: 7274 2d75 7020 7072 6f63 6564 7572 6520 rt-up procedure \n-00049170: 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2073 6574 7469 6e67 involves setting\n-00049180: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 the ...prefix..\n-00049190: 990a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 ..environment va\n-000491a0: 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6120 7661 6c75 riable to a valu\n-000491b0: 6520 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 e set in the cor\n-000491c0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6279 20e2 8098 6772 e image by ...gr\n-000491d0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 992c 0a73 ub-install...,.s\n-000491e0: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f etting the ...ro\n-000491f0: 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 ot... variable t\n-00049200: 6f20 6d61 7463 682c 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 o match, loading\n-00049210: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 the ...normal..\n-00049220: 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 726f 6d0a 7468 . module from.th\n-00049230: 6520 7072 6566 6978 2c20 616e 6420 7275 e prefix, and ru\n-00049240: 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 nning the ...nor\n-00049250: 6d61 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 mal... command (\n-00049260: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e *note normal::).\n-00049270: 2020 5468 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 This.command i\n-00049280: 7320 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f s responsible fo\n-00049290: 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f r reading .../bo\n-000492a0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n-000492b0: e280 992c 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 ..., running the\n-000492c0: 0a6d 656e 752c 2061 6e64 2064 6f69 6e67 .menu, and doing\n-000492d0: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2075 7365 6675 6c20 all the useful \n-000492e0: 7468 696e 6773 2047 5255 4220 6973 2073 things GRUB is s\n-000492f0: 7570 706f 7365 6420 746f 2064 6f2e 0a0a upposed to do...\n-00049300: 2020 2049 662c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 If, instead, \n-00049310: 796f 7520 6f6e 6c79 2067 6574 2061 2072 you only get a r\n-00049320: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2074 6869 escue shell, thi\n-00049330: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d65 616e 7320 s usually means \n-00049340: 7468 6174 0a47 5255 4220 6661 696c 6564 that.GRUB failed\n-00049350: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 to load the ...\n-00049360: 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 normal... module\n-00049370: 2066 6f72 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 6f6e for some reason\n-00049380: 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 6265 0a70 6f73 . It may be.pos\n-00049390: 7369 626c 6520 746f 2077 6f72 6b20 6172 sible to work ar\n-000493a0: 6f75 6e64 2074 6869 7320 7465 6d70 6f72 ound this tempor\n-000493b0: 6172 696c 793a 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 arily: for insta\n-000493c0: 6e63 652c 2069 6620 7468 6520 7265 6173 nce, if the reas\n-000493d0: 6f6e 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2066 6169 6c75 on.for the failu\n-000493e0: 7265 2069 7320 7468 6174 20e2 8098 7072 re is that ...pr\n-000493f0: 6566 6978 e280 9920 6973 2077 726f 6e67 efix... is wrong\n-00049400: 2028 7065 7268 6170 7320 6974 2072 6566 (perhaps it ref\n-00049410: 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 0a77 726f 6e67 ers to the.wrong\n-00049420: 2064 6576 6963 652c 206f 7220 7065 7268 device, or perh\n-00049430: 6170 7320 7468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 aps the path to \n-00049440: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 .../boot/grub...\n-00049450: 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 6374 was not correct\n-00049460: 6c79 206d 6164 650a 7265 6c61 7469 7665 ly made.relative\n-00049470: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 292c to the device),\n-00049480: 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f then you can co\n-00049490: 7272 6563 7420 7468 6973 2061 6e64 2065 rrect this and e\n-000494a0: 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 nter normal mode\n-000494b0: 0a6d 616e 7561 6c6c 793a 0a0a 2020 2020 .manually:.. \n-000494c0: 2023 2049 6e73 7065 6374 2074 6865 2063 # Inspect the c\n-000494d0: 7572 7265 6e74 2070 7265 6669 7820 2861 urrent prefix (a\n-000494e0: 6e64 206f 7468 6572 2070 7265 7365 7420 nd other preset \n-000494f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7329 3a0a 2020 2020 variables):. \n-00049500: 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4669 6e64 set. # Find\n-00049510: 206f 7574 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 6963 out which devic\n-00049520: 6573 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 es are available\n-00049530: 3a0a 2020 2020 206c 730a 2020 2020 2023 :. ls. #\n-00049540: 2053 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 Set to the corr\n-00049550: 6563 7420 7661 6c75 652c 2077 6869 6368 ect value, which\n-00049560: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 736f 6d65 7468 might be someth\n-00049570: 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a20 ing like this:. \n-00049580: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 set prefix=(\n-00049590: 6864 302c 3129 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 hd0,1)/grub. \n-000495a0: 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 set root=(hd0,1\n-000495b0: 290a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e6f ). insmod no\n-000495c0: 726d 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c rmal. normal\n-000495d0: 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 616e .. However, an\n-000495e0: 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 7468 6174 206c y problem that l\n-000495f0: 6561 7665 7320 796f 7520 696e 2074 6865 eaves you in the\n-00049600: 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 7072 rescue shell pr\n-00049610: 6f62 6162 6c79 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 obably.means tha\n-00049620: 7420 4752 5542 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2063 t GRUB was not c\n-00049630: 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c orrectly install\n-00049640: 6564 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206d ed. It may be m\n-00049650: 6f72 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f0a 7472 ore useful to.tr\n-00049660: 7920 746f 2072 6569 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 y to reinstall i\n-00049670: 7420 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 t properly using\n-00049680: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-00049690: 2044 4556 4943 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 DEVICE... (*not\n-000496a0: 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d e Invoking.grub-\n-000496b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2057 6865 install::). Whe\n-000496c0: 6e20 646f 696e 6720 7468 6973 2c20 7468 n doing this, th\n-000496d0: 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7468 ere are a few th\n-000496e0: 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 ings to remember\n-000496f0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4472 6976 6520 :.. ... Drive \n-00049700: 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2069 6e20 796f 7572 ordering in your\n-00049710: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00049720: 6d20 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2074 6865 m may not be the\n-00049730: 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 0a20 2020 same as the. \n-00049740: 2020 626f 6f74 2064 7269 7665 206f 7264 boot drive ord\n-00049750: 6572 696e 6720 7573 6564 2062 7920 796f ering used by yo\n-00049760: 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 446f ur firmware. Do\n-00049770: 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 not assume that\n-00049780: 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 your. first\n-00049790: 2068 6172 6420 6472 6976 6520 2865 2e67 hard drive (e.g\n-000497a0: 2e20 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 . .../dev/sda..\n-000497b0: 9929 2069 7320 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 7468 .) is the one th\n-000497c0: 6174 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 at your firmware\n-000497d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 . will boot \n-000497e0: 6672 6f6d 2e20 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 from. ...device\n-000497f0: 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 .map... (*note D\n-00049800: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2063 616e evice map::) can\n-00049810: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 be used to. \n-00049820: 206f 7665 7272 6964 6520 7468 6973 2c20 override this, \n-00049830: 6275 7420 6974 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c but it is usuall\n-00049840: 7920 6265 7474 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 y better to use \n-00049850: 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 UUIDs or file sy\n-00049860: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 6265 6c73 stem. labels\n-00049870: 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 2064 6570 656e and avoid depen\n-00049880: 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6f72 ding on drive or\n-00049890: 6465 7269 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 656c 792e dering entirely.\n-000498a0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7420 6c65 6173 .. ... At leas\n-000498b0: 7420 6f6e 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d t on BIOS system\n-000498c0: 732c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7465 6c6c 20e2 s, if you tell .\n-000498d0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n-000498e0: 9920 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a20 2020 . to install. \n-000498f0: 2020 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6120 7061 7274 GRUB to a part\n-00049900: 6974 696f 6e20 6275 7420 4752 5542 2068 ition but GRUB h\n-00049910: 6173 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2062 6565 6e20 as already been \n-00049920: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 696e 2074 6865 installed in the\n-00049930: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7374 6572 2062 6f6f . master boo\n-00049940: 7420 7265 636f 7264 2c20 7468 656e 2074 t record, then t\n-00049950: 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616c 6c61 he GRUB installa\n-00049960: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7274 tion in the part\n-00049970: 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 ition. will \n-00049980: 6265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 be ignored... \n-00049990: e280 a220 4966 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c ... If possible,\n-000499a0: 2069 7420 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 it is generally\n-000499b0: 2062 6573 7420 746f 2061 766f 6964 2069 best to avoid i\n-000499c0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2074 nstalling GRUB t\n-000499d0: 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 o a. partiti\n-000499e0: 6f6e 2028 756e 6c65 7373 2069 7420 6973 on (unless it is\n-000499f0: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2070 6172 7469 a special parti\n-00049a00: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2075 7365 tion for the use\n-00049a10: 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 616c of GRUB. al\n-00049a20: 6f6e 652c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 one, such as the\n-00049a30: 2042 494f 5320 426f 6f74 2050 6172 7469 BIOS Boot Parti\n-00049a40: 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2047 5054 tion used on GPT\n-00049a50: 292e 2044 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 730a 2020 ). Doing this. \n-00049a60: 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 means that GR\n-00049a70: 5542 206d 6179 2073 746f 7020 6265 696e UB may stop bein\n-00049a80: 6720 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2069 g able to read i\n-00049a90: 7473 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6475 ts core image du\n-00049aa0: 6520 746f 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 e to a. file\n-00049ab0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 7669 6e67 2062 system moving b\n-00049ac0: 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2c20 7375 locks around, su\n-00049ad0: 6368 2061 7320 7768 696c 6520 6465 6672 ch as while defr\n-00049ae0: 6167 6d65 6e74 696e 672c 0a20 2020 2020 agmenting,. \n-00049af0: 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 6368 6563 6b73 2c20 running checks, \n-00049b00: 6f72 2065 7665 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 206e or even during n\n-00049b10: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e2e ormal operation.\n-00049b20: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 Installing to \n-00049b30: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2077 686f 6c65 2064 the. whole d\n-00049b40: 6973 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 6e6f isk device is no\n-00049b50: 726d 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 726f 6275 rmally more robu\n-00049b60: 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4368 6563 st... ... Chec\n-00049b70: 6b20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6163 7475 k that GRUB actu\n-00049b80: 616c 6c79 206b 6e6f 7773 2068 6f77 2074 ally knows how t\n-00049b90: 6f20 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 o read from the \n-00049ba0: 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2066 696c 650a device and file.\n-00049bb0: 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6e74 system cont\n-00049bc0: 6169 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f aining .../boot/\n-00049bd0: 6772 7562 e280 992e 2020 4974 2077 696c grub.... It wil\n-00049be0: 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f l not be able to\n-00049bf0: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 read from. \n-00049c00: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 encrypted device\n-00049c10: 7320 7769 7468 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 s with unsupport\n-00049c20: 6564 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 7363 ed encryption sc\n-00049c30: 6865 6d65 2c20 6e6f 7220 6672 6f6d 2066 heme, nor from f\n-00049c40: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 ile. systems\n-00049c50: 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2073 7570 706f for which suppo\n-00049c60: 7274 2068 6173 206e 6f74 2079 6574 2062 rt has not yet b\n-00049c70: 6565 6e20 6164 6465 6420 746f 2047 5255 een added to GRU\n-00049c80: 422e 0a0a B...\n+00049140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00049150: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 7320 6e6f 726d 616c =..GRUB's normal\n+00049160: 2073 7461 7274 2d75 7020 7072 6f63 6564 start-up proced\n+00049170: 7572 6520 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2073 6574 ure involves set\n+00049180: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7072 6566 ting the ...pref\n+00049190: 6978 e280 990a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ix....environmen\n+000491a0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6120 t variable to a \n+000491b0: 7661 6c75 6520 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 value set in the\n+000491c0: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6279 20e2 core image by .\n+000491d0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n+000491e0: 992c 0a73 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 .,.setting the .\n+000491f0: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 ..root... variab\n+00049200: 6c65 2074 6f20 6d61 7463 682c 206c 6f61 le to match, loa\n+00049210: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d ding the ...norm\n+00049220: 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 726f al... module fro\n+00049230: 6d0a 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 2c20 616e m.the prefix, an\n+00049240: 6420 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 d running the ..\n+00049250: 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 .normal... comma\n+00049260: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c nd (*note normal\n+00049270: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d61 ::). This.comma\n+00049280: 6e64 2069 7320 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 626c nd is responsibl\n+00049290: 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 e280 e for reading ..\n+000492a0: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 ./boot/grub/grub\n+000492b0: 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 .cfg..., running\n+000492c0: 2074 6865 0a6d 656e 752c 2061 6e64 2064 the.menu, and d\n+000492d0: 6f69 6e67 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2075 7365 oing all the use\n+000492e0: 6675 6c20 7468 696e 6773 2047 5255 4220 ful things GRUB \n+000492f0: 6973 2073 7570 706f 7365 6420 746f 2064 is supposed to d\n+00049300: 6f2e 0a0a 2020 2049 662c 2069 6e73 7465 o... If, inste\n+00049310: 6164 2c20 796f 7520 6f6e 6c79 2067 6574 ad, you only get\n+00049320: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c a rescue shell,\n+00049330: 2074 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d65 this usually me\n+00049340: 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a47 5255 4220 6661 ans that.GRUB fa\n+00049350: 696c 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 iled to load the\n+00049360: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f ...normal... mo\n+00049370: 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 dule for some re\n+00049380: 6173 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 6265 ason. It may be\n+00049390: 0a70 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2077 6f72 .possible to wor\n+000493a0: 6b20 6172 6f75 6e64 2074 6869 7320 7465 k around this te\n+000493b0: 6d70 6f72 6172 696c 793a 2066 6f72 2069 mporarily: for i\n+000493c0: 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2069 6620 7468 6520 nstance, if the \n+000493d0: 7265 6173 6f6e 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2066 reason.for the f\n+000493e0: 6169 6c75 7265 2069 7320 7468 6174 20e2 ailure is that .\n+000493f0: 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6973 2077 ..prefix... is w\n+00049400: 726f 6e67 2028 7065 7268 6170 7320 6974 rong (perhaps it\n+00049410: 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 0a77 refers to the.w\n+00049420: 726f 6e67 2064 6576 6963 652c 206f 7220 rong device, or \n+00049430: 7065 7268 6170 7320 7468 6520 7061 7468 perhaps the path\n+00049440: 2074 6f20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 to .../boot/gru\n+00049450: 62e2 8099 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 b... was not cor\n+00049460: 7265 6374 6c79 206d 6164 650a 7265 6c61 rectly made.rela\n+00049470: 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7669 tive to the devi\n+00049480: 6365 292c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 ce), then you ca\n+00049490: 6e20 636f 7272 6563 7420 7468 6973 2061 n correct this a\n+000494a0: 6e64 2065 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 nd enter normal \n+000494b0: 6d6f 6465 0a6d 616e 7561 6c6c 793a 0a0a mode.manually:..\n+000494c0: 2020 2020 2023 2049 6e73 7065 6374 2074 # Inspect t\n+000494d0: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 7265 6669 he current prefi\n+000494e0: 7820 2861 6e64 206f 7468 6572 2070 7265 x (and other pre\n+000494f0: 7365 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7329 3a0a set variables):.\n+00049500: 2020 2020 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 2320 set. # \n+00049510: 4669 6e64 206f 7574 2077 6869 6368 2064 Find out which d\n+00049520: 6576 6963 6573 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c evices are avail\n+00049530: 6162 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 206c 730a 2020 able:. ls. \n+00049540: 2020 2023 2053 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 # Set to the \n+00049550: 636f 7272 6563 7420 7661 6c75 652c 2077 correct value, w\n+00049560: 6869 6368 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 736f hich might be so\n+00049570: 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 mething like thi\n+00049580: 733a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 s:. set pref\n+00049590: 6978 3d28 6864 302c 3129 2f67 7275 620a ix=(hd0,1)/grub.\n+000495a0: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 set root=(h\n+000495b0: 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f d0,1). insmo\n+000495c0: 6420 6e6f 726d 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f d normal. no\n+000495d0: 726d 616c 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 rmal.. However\n+000495e0: 2c20 616e 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 7468 , any problem th\n+000495f0: 6174 206c 6561 7665 7320 796f 7520 696e at leaves you in\n+00049600: 2074 6865 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c the rescue shel\n+00049610: 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a6d 6561 6e73 l probably.means\n+00049620: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 6173 206e that GRUB was n\n+00049630: 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e73 ot correctly ins\n+00049640: 7461 6c6c 6564 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 talled. It may \n+00049650: 6265 206d 6f72 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 be more useful t\n+00049660: 6f0a 7472 7920 746f 2072 6569 6e73 7461 o.try to reinsta\n+00049670: 6c6c 2069 7420 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2075 ll it properly u\n+00049680: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 sing ...grub-ins\n+00049690: 7461 6c6c 2044 4556 4943 45e2 8099 2028 tall DEVICE... (\n+000496a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 *note Invoking.g\n+000496b0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e20 rub-install::). \n+000496c0: 2057 6865 6e20 646f 696e 6720 7468 6973 When doing this\n+000496d0: 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 , there are a fe\n+000496e0: 7720 7468 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 w things to reme\n+000496f0: 6d62 6572 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4472 mber:.. ... Dr\n+00049700: 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2069 6e20 ive ordering in \n+00049710: 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 your operating s\n+00049720: 7973 7465 6d20 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 ystem may not be\n+00049730: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 the same as the\n+00049740: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2064 7269 7665 . boot drive\n+00049750: 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 7573 6564 2062 ordering used b\n+00049760: 7920 796f 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e y your firmware.\n+00049770: 2020 446f 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d 6520 Do not assume \n+00049780: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2066 that your. f\n+00049790: 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6472 6976 6520 irst hard drive \n+000497a0: 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 (e.g. .../dev/s\n+000497b0: 6461 e280 9929 2069 7320 7468 6520 6f6e da...) is the on\n+000497c0: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d e that your firm\n+000497d0: 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 ware. will b\n+000497e0: 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2e20 20e2 8098 6465 oot from. ...de\n+000497f0: 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 282a 6e6f vice.map... (*no\n+00049800: 7465 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 te Device map::)\n+00049810: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a can be used to.\n+00049820: 2020 2020 206f 7665 7272 6964 6520 7468 override th\n+00049830: 6973 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2069 7320 7573 is, but it is us\n+00049840: 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 7474 6572 2074 6f20 ually better to \n+00049850: 7573 6520 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c use UUIDs or fil\n+00049860: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 e system. la\n+00049870: 6265 6c73 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 2064 bels and avoid d\n+00049880: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6472 6976 epending on driv\n+00049890: 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 e ordering entir\n+000498a0: 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7420 ely... ... At \n+000498b0: 6c65 6173 7420 6f6e 2042 494f 5320 7379 least on BIOS sy\n+000498c0: 7374 656d 732c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7465 stems, if you te\n+000498d0: 6c6c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 ll ...grub-insta\n+000498e0: 6c6c e280 9920 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ll... to install\n+000498f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6120 . GRUB to a \n+00049900: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6275 7420 4752 partition but GR\n+00049910: 5542 2068 6173 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2062 UB has already b\n+00049920: 6565 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 696e een installed in\n+00049930: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7374 6572 the. master\n+00049940: 2062 6f6f 7420 7265 636f 7264 2c20 7468 boot record, th\n+00049950: 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 en the GRUB inst\n+00049960: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 allation in the \n+00049970: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 partition. w\n+00049980: 696c 6c20 6265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a ill be ignored..\n+00049990: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4966 2070 6f73 7369 . ... If possi\n+000499a0: 626c 652c 2069 7420 6973 2067 656e 6572 ble, it is gener\n+000499b0: 616c 6c79 2062 6573 7420 746f 2061 766f ally best to avo\n+000499c0: 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 id installing GR\n+000499d0: 5542 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 UB to a. par\n+000499e0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 756e 6c65 7373 2069 tition (unless i\n+000499f0: 7420 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2070 t is a special p\n+00049a00: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 artition for the\n+00049a10: 2075 7365 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a20 2020 use of GRUB. \n+00049a20: 2020 616c 6f6e 652c 2073 7563 6820 6173 alone, such as\n+00049a30: 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 426f 6f74 2050 the BIOS Boot P\n+00049a40: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e artition used on\n+00049a50: 2047 5054 292e 2044 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 GPT). Doing thi\n+00049a60: 730a 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 s. means tha\n+00049a70: 7420 4752 5542 206d 6179 2073 746f 7020 t GRUB may stop \n+00049a80: 6265 696e 6720 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 being able to re\n+00049a90: 6164 2069 7473 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 ad its core imag\n+00049aa0: 6520 6475 6520 746f 2061 0a20 2020 2020 e due to a. \n+00049ab0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 7669 file system movi\n+00049ac0: 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 ng blocks around\n+00049ad0: 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7768 696c 6520 , such as while \n+00049ae0: 6465 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 696e 672c 0a20 defragmenting,. \n+00049af0: 2020 2020 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 6368 6563 running chec\n+00049b00: 6b73 2c20 6f72 2065 7665 6e20 6475 7269 ks, or even duri\n+00049b10: 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 ng normal operat\n+00049b20: 696f 6e2e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 ion. Installing\n+00049b30: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2077 686f to the. who\n+00049b40: 6c65 2064 6973 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2069 le disk device i\n+00049b50: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 s normally more \n+00049b60: 726f 6275 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 robust... ... \n+00049b70: 4368 6563 6b20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 Check that GRUB \n+00049b80: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 206b 6e6f 7773 2068 actually knows h\n+00049b90: 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 ow to read from \n+00049ba0: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2066 the device and f\n+00049bb0: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 ile. system \n+00049bc0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 2f62 containing .../b\n+00049bd0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 2020 4974 oot/grub.... It\n+00049be0: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 626c will not be abl\n+00049bf0: 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 e to read from. \n+00049c00: 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 encrypted de\n+00049c10: 7669 6365 7320 7769 7468 2075 6e73 7570 vices with unsup\n+00049c20: 706f 7274 6564 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f ported encryptio\n+00049c30: 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 6e6f 7220 6672 n scheme, nor fr\n+00049c40: 6f6d 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 om file. sys\n+00049c50: 7465 6d73 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2073 tems for which s\n+00049c60: 7570 706f 7274 2068 6173 206e 6f74 2079 upport has not y\n+00049c70: 6574 2062 6565 6e20 6164 6465 6420 746f et been added to\n+00049c80: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a GRUB...\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-2", "source2": "grub.info-2", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3174 +1,3174 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.1 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3920 4d61 7920 3230 3234 292e 0a0a 2020 9 May 2024)... \n-00000080: 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 20c2 a90a 3139 Copyright ...19\n-00000090: 3939 2c32 3030 302c 3230 3031 2c32 3030 99,2000,2001,200\n-000000a0: 322c 3230 3034 2c32 3030 362c 3230 3038 2,2004,2006,2008\n-000000b0: 2c32 3030 392c 3230 3130 2c32 3031 312c ,2009,2010,2011,\n-000000c0: 3230 3132 2c32 3031 3320 4672 6565 0a53 2012,2013 Free.S\n-000000d0: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 oftware Foundati\n-000000e0: 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 on, Inc... P\n-000000f0: 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 6973 2067 7261 ermission is gra\n-00000100: 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2c20 6469 nted to copy, di\n-00000110: 7374 7269 6275 7465 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 stribute and/or \n-00000120: 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 modify this. \n-00000130: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 756e 6465 7220 document under \n-00000140: 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6865 the terms of the\n-00000150: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n-00000160: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652c ntation License,\n-00000170: 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 312e . Version 1.\n-00000180: 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 2076 2 or any later v\n-00000190: 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 ersion published\n-000001a0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 6565 2053 6f66 by the Free Sof\n-000001b0: 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 2046 6f75 6e64 tware. Found\n-000001c0: 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2049 ation; with no I\n-000001d0: 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e nvariant Section\n-000001e0: 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 5345 4354 s..INFO-DIR-SECT\n-000001f0: 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c 0a53 5441 5254 ION Kernel.START\n-00000200: 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 590a -INFO-DIR-ENTRY.\n-00000210: 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 7275 6229 2e20 * GRUB: (grub). \n-00000220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000230: 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 556e 6966 6965 The GRand Unifie\n-00000240: 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a 2067 d Bootloader.* g\n-00000250: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 2028 6772 rub-install: (gr\n-00000260: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000270: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 2020 2049 6e73 -install. Ins\n-00000280: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 tall GRUB on you\n-00000290: 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d r drive.* grub-m\n-000002a0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 6772 7562 2949 kconfig: (grub)I\n-000002b0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n-000002c0: 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 onfig. Generate\n-000002d0: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 GRUB configurat\n-000002e0: 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 ion.* grub-mkpas\n-000002f0: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2867 7275 swd-pbkdf2: (gru\n-00000300: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-00000310: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322e mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n-00000320: 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 .* grub-mkrelpat\n-00000330: 683a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e h: (grub)Invokin\n-00000340: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 g grub-mkrelpath\n-00000350: 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ..* grub-mkrescu\n-00000360: 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e e: (grub)Invokin\n-00000370: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652e g grub-mkrescue.\n-00000380: 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 7265 Make a GRUB re\n-00000390: 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2067 7275 scue image.* gru\n-000003a0: 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 6772 7562 2949 b-mount: (grub)I\n-000003b0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 nvoking grub-mou\n-000003c0: 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 nt. Mount\n-000003d0: 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2075 a file system u\n-000003e0: 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 6772 7562 sing GRUB.* grub\n-000003f0: 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e -probe: (grub)In\n-00000400: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 voking grub-prob\n-00000410: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 6520 e. Probe \n-00000420: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 device informati\n-00000430: 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 on.* grub-script\n-00000440: 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e -check: (grub)In\n-00000450: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 voking grub-scri\n-00000460: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a 454e 442d 494e pt-check..END-IN\n-00000470: 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 0a0a 1f0a FO-DIR-ENTRY....\n-00000480: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00000490: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 726d 7761 7265 Node: Firmware\n-000004a0: 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 stalls instead \n-000004b0: 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 422c of booting GRUB,\n-000004c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c Prev: GRUB onl\n-000004d0: 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 y offers a rescu\n-000004e0: 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5472 e shell, Up: Tr\n-000004f0: 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 oubleshooting..2\n-00000500: 332e 3220 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 3.2 Firmware sta\n-00000510: 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 lls instead of b\n-00000520: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d ooting GRUB.====\n+00000070: 3131 204a 756e 6520 3230 3235 292e 0a0a 11 June 2025)...\n+00000080: 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 20c2 a90a Copyright ...\n+00000090: 3139 3939 2c32 3030 302c 3230 3031 2c32 1999,2000,2001,2\n+000000a0: 3030 322c 3230 3034 2c32 3030 362c 3230 002,2004,2006,20\n+000000b0: 3038 2c32 3030 392c 3230 3130 2c32 3031 08,2009,2010,201\n+000000c0: 312c 3230 3132 2c32 3031 3320 4672 6565 1,2012,2013 Free\n+000000d0: 0a53 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 .Software Founda\n+000000e0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 tion, Inc... \n+000000f0: 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 6973 2067 Permission is g\n+00000100: 7261 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2c20 ranted to copy, \n+00000110: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2061 6e64 2f6f distribute and/o\n+00000120: 7220 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6869 730a 2020 r modify this. \n+00000130: 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 756e 6465 document unde\n+00000140: 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 r the terms of t\n+00000150: 6865 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 he GNU Free Docu\n+00000160: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n+00000170: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 e,. Version \n+00000180: 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 1.2 or any later\n+00000190: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 6c69 7368 version publish\n+000001a0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 6565 2053 ed by the Free S\n+000001b0: 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 2046 6f75 oftware. Fou\n+000001c0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 6820 6e6f ndation; with no\n+000001d0: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n+000001e0: 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 5345 ons..INFO-DIR-SE\n+000001f0: 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c 0a53 5441 CTION Kernel.STA\n+00000200: 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 RT-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n+00000210: 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 7275 6229 Y.* GRUB: (grub)\n+00000220: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00000230: 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 556e 6966 The GRand Unif\n+00000240: 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a ied Bootloader.*\n+00000250: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 2028 grub-install: (\n+00000260: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+00000270: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 2020 2049 ub-install. I\n+00000280: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 nstall GRUB on y\n+00000290: 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 6772 7562 our drive.* grub\n+000002a0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 6772 7562 -mkconfig: (grub\n+000002b0: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+000002c0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 kconfig. Genera\n+000002d0: 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 te GRUB configur\n+000002e0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 ation.* grub-mkp\n+000002f0: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2867 asswd-pbkdf2: (g\n+00000300: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000310: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+00000320: 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 2..* grub-mkrelp\n+00000330: 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b ath: (grub)Invok\n+00000340: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n+00000350: 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 th..* grub-mkres\n+00000360: 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b cue: (grub)Invok\n+00000370: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n+00000380: 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 e. Make a GRUB \n+00000390: 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2067 rescue image.* g\n+000003a0: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 6772 7562 rub-mount: (grub\n+000003b0: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+000003c0: 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 ount. Mou\n+000003d0: 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d nt a file system\n+000003e0: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 6772 using GRUB.* gr\n+000003f0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 7275 6229 ub-probe: (grub)\n+00000400: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 Invoking grub-pr\n+00000410: 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 obe. Prob\n+00000420: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 e device informa\n+00000430: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 tion.* grub-scri\n+00000440: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 7275 6229 pt-check: (grub)\n+00000450: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n+00000460: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a 454e 442d ript-check..END-\n+00000470: 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 0a0a INFO-DIR-ENTRY..\n+00000480: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00000490: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 726d 7761 o, Node: Firmwa\n+000004a0: 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 re stalls instea\n+000004b0: 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 d of booting GRU\n+000004c0: 422c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4752 5542 206f B, Prev: GRUB o\n+000004d0: 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 nly offers a res\n+000004e0: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 cue shell, Up: \n+000004f0: 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 670a Troubleshooting.\n+00000500: 0a32 332e 3220 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 .23.2 Firmware s\n+00000510: 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 talls instead of\n+00000520: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 420a 3d3d booting GRUB.==\n 00000530: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00000540: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4546 ========..The EF\n-00000560: 4920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e I implementation\n-00000570: 206f 6620 736f 6d65 206f 6c64 6572 204d of some older M\n-00000580: 6163 426f 6f6b 206c 6170 746f 7073 2073 acBook laptops s\n-00000590: 7461 6c6c 7320 7768 656e 2069 7420 6765 talls when it ge\n-000005a0: 7473 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2061 2067 ts.presented a g\n-000005b0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2049 534f rub-mkrescue ISO\n-000005c0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2078 3836 5f36 image for x86_6\n-000005d0: 342d 6566 6920 7461 7267 6574 206f 6e20 4-efi target on \n-000005e0: 616e 2055 5342 0a73 7469 636b 2e20 2041 an USB.stick. A\n-000005f0: 6666 6563 7465 6420 6172 6520 6d6f 6465 ffected are mode\n-00000600: 6c73 206f 6620 7965 6172 2032 3031 3020 ls of year 2010 \n-00000610: 6f72 2065 6172 6c69 6572 2e20 2057 6f72 or earlier. Wor\n-00000620: 6b61 726f 756e 6420 6973 2074 6f0a 7a65 karound is to.ze\n-00000630: 726f 697a 6520 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 roize the bytes \n-00000640: 3434 3620 746f 2034 3631 206f 6620 7468 446 to 461 of th\n-00000650: 6520 4546 4920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c e EFI partition,\n-00000660: 2077 6865 7265 206d 666f 726d 6174 2068 where mformat h\n-00000670: 6173 2070 7574 0a61 2070 6172 7469 7469 as put.a partiti\n-00000680: 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7279 2077 on table entry w\n-00000690: 6869 6368 2063 6c61 696d 7320 7061 7274 hich claims part\n-000006a0: 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7420 6174 2062 ition start at b\n-000006b0: 6c6f 636b 2030 2e20 2054 6869 730a 6368 lock 0. This.ch\n-000006c0: 616e 6765 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6861 ange will not ha\n-000006d0: 6d70 6572 2062 6f6f 7461 6269 6c69 7479 mper bootability\n-000006e0: 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 6d61 6368 696e on other machin\n-000006f0: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n-00000700: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 b.info, Node: U\n-00000710: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00000720: 6965 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4f62 7461 ies, Next: Obta\n-00000730: 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 ining and Buildi\n-00000740: 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ng GRUB, Prev: \n-00000750: 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c Troubleshooting,\n-00000760: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3420 5573 Up: Top..24 Us\n-00000770: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n-00000780: 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a es.*************\n-00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 **********..* Me\n-000007a0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 nu:..* Invoking \n-000007b0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2020 grub-install:: \n-000007c0: 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 6520 How to use \n-000007d0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c the GRUB install\n-000007e0: 6572 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 er.* Invoking gr\n-000007f0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a20 2020 ub-mkconfig:: \n-00000800: 2020 2047 656e 6572 6174 6520 6120 4752 Generate a GR\n-00000810: 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e UB configuration\n-00000820: 2066 696c 650a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 file.* Invoking\n-00000830: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n-00000840: 626b 6466 323a 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 bkdf2::. \n+00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00000560: 4546 4920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 EFI implementati\n+00000570: 6f6e 206f 6620 736f 6d65 206f 6c64 6572 on of some older\n+00000580: 204d 6163 426f 6f6b 206c 6170 746f 7073 MacBook laptops\n+00000590: 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 7768 656e 2069 7420 stalls when it \n+000005a0: 6765 7473 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2061 gets.presented a\n+000005b0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2049 grub-mkrescue I\n+000005c0: 534f 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2078 3836 SO image for x86\n+000005d0: 5f36 342d 6566 6920 7461 7267 6574 206f _64-efi target o\n+000005e0: 6e20 616e 2055 5342 0a73 7469 636b 2e20 n an USB.stick. \n+000005f0: 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 6172 6520 6d6f Affected are mo\n+00000600: 6465 6c73 206f 6620 7965 6172 2032 3031 dels of year 201\n+00000610: 3020 6f72 2065 6172 6c69 6572 2e20 2057 0 or earlier. W\n+00000620: 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 6973 2074 6f0a orkaround is to.\n+00000630: 7a65 726f 697a 6520 7468 6520 6279 7465 zeroize the byte\n+00000640: 7320 3434 3620 746f 2034 3631 206f 6620 s 446 to 461 of \n+00000650: 7468 6520 4546 4920 7061 7274 6974 696f the EFI partitio\n+00000660: 6e2c 2077 6865 7265 206d 666f 726d 6174 n, where mformat\n+00000670: 2068 6173 2070 7574 0a61 2070 6172 7469 has put.a parti\n+00000680: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7279 tion table entry\n+00000690: 2077 6869 6368 2063 6c61 696d 7320 7061 which claims pa\n+000006a0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7420 6174 rtition start at\n+000006b0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2030 2e20 2054 6869 730a block 0. This.\n+000006c0: 6368 616e 6765 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 change will not \n+000006d0: 6861 6d70 6572 2062 6f6f 7461 6269 6c69 hamper bootabili\n+000006e0: 7479 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 6d61 6368 ty on other mach\n+000006f0: 696e 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ines.....File: g\n+00000700: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00000710: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n+00000720: 6974 6965 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4f62 ities, Next: Ob\n+00000730: 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c taining and Buil\n+00000740: 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 6576 ding GRUB, Prev\n+00000750: 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e : Troubleshootin\n+00000760: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3420 g, Up: Top..24 \n+00000770: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+00000780: 7469 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ties.***********\n+00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 ************..* \n+000007a0: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e Menu:..* Invokin\n+000007b0: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g grub-install::\n+000007c0: 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 How to us\n+000007d0: 6520 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 e the GRUB insta\n+000007e0: 6c6c 6572 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ller.* Invoking \n+000007f0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a20 grub-mkconfig:: \n+00000800: 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 6174 6520 6120 Generate a \n+00000810: 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 GRUB configurati\n+00000820: 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 on file.* Invoki\n+00000830: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n+00000840: 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 -pbkdf2::. \n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 Generate\n-00000870: 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 GRUB password h\n-00000880: 6173 6865 730a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 ashes.* Invoking\n-00000890: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 683a grub-mkrelpath:\n-000008a0: 3a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7973 7465 : Make syste\n-000008b0: 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c 6174 6976 6520 m path relative \n-000008c0: 746f 2069 7473 2072 6f6f 740a 2a20 496e to its root.* In\n-000008d0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-000008e0: 7363 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 scue:: Make\n-000008f0: 2061 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 a GRUB rescue i\n-00000900: 6d61 6765 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 mage.* Invoking \n-00000910: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a 2020 2020 grub-mount:: \n-00000920: 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 696c Mount a fil\n-00000930: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2075 7369 6e67 2047 e system using G\n-00000940: 5255 420a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 RUB.* Invoking g\n-00000950: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 3a20 2020 2020 rub-probe:: \n-00000960: 2020 2020 5072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 Probe device\n-00000970: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 information for\n-00000980: 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 GRUB.* Invoking\n-00000990: 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 grub-script-che\n-000009a0: 636b 3a3a 2020 4368 6563 6b20 4752 5542 ck:: Check GRUB\n-000009b0: 2073 6372 6970 7420 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 script file for\n-000009c0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 726f 7273 0a0a syntax errors..\n-000009d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000009e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-000009f0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2c ng grub-install,\n-00000a00: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Next: Invoking\n-00000a10: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 grub-mkconfig, \n-00000a20: 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 Up: User-space \n-00000a30: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3120 utilities..24.1 \n-00000a40: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e Invoking grub-in\n-00000a50: 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d stall.==========\n+00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 Genera\n+00000870: 7465 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 776f 7264 te GRUB password\n+00000880: 2068 6173 6865 730a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 hashes.* Invoki\n+00000890: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n+000008a0: 683a 3a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7973 h:: Make sys\n+000008b0: 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c 6174 6976 tem path relativ\n+000008c0: 6520 746f 2069 7473 2072 6f6f 740a 2a20 e to its root.* \n+000008d0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+000008e0: 7265 7363 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 4d61 rescue:: Ma\n+000008f0: 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 ke a GRUB rescue\n+00000900: 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e image.* Invokin\n+00000910: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a 2020 g grub-mount:: \n+00000920: 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 Mount a f\n+00000930: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2075 7369 6e67 ile system using\n+00000940: 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 GRUB.* Invoking\n+00000950: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 3a20 2020 grub-probe:: \n+00000960: 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 Probe devi\n+00000970: 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 ce information f\n+00000980: 6f72 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 or GRUB.* Invoki\n+00000990: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 ng grub-script-c\n+000009a0: 6865 636b 3a3a 2020 4368 6563 6b20 4752 heck:: Check GR\n+000009b0: 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 6669 6c65 2066 UB script file f\n+000009c0: 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 726f 7273 or syntax errors\n+000009d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000009e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f nfo, Node: Invo\n+000009f0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c king grub-instal\n+00000a00: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 l, Next: Invoki\n+00000a10: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n+00000a20: 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 , Up: User-spac\n+00000a30: 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e e utilities..24.\n+00000a40: 3120 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 1 Invoking grub-\n+00000a50: 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d install.========\n 00000a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000a70: 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 ..The program ..\n-00000a80: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n-00000a90: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2047 5255 generates a GRU\n-00000aa0: 4220 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2075 7369 B core image usi\n-00000ab0: 6e67 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 ng....grub-mkima\n-00000ac0: 6765 e280 9920 616e 6420 696e 7374 616c ge... and instal\n-00000ad0: 6c73 2069 7420 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 7379 ls it on your sy\n-00000ae0: 7374 656d 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 7420 stem. You must \n-00000af0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 650a 6465 7669 specify the.devi\n-00000b00: 6365 206e 616d 6520 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 ce name on which\n-00000b10: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2069 6e73 you want to ins\n-00000b20: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 206c 696b 6520 tall GRUB, like \n-00000b30: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 this:.. grub\n-00000b40: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2049 4e53 5441 4c4c -install INSTALL\n-00000b50: 5f44 4556 4943 450a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 _DEVICE.. The \n-00000b60: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 494e 5354 device name INST\n-00000b70: 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 2069 7320 616e ALL_DEVICE is an\n-00000b80: 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 OS device name \n-00000b90: 6f72 2061 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 or a GRUB device\n-00000ba0: 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 .name... ...gr\n-00000bb0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 6163 ub-install... ac\n-00000bc0: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-00000bd0: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n-00000be0: 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .--help.... \n-00000bf0: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n-00000c00: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n-00000c10: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n-00000c20: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 exit......--vers\n-00000c30: 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e ion.... Prin\n-00000c40: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n-00000c50: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n-00000c60: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d62 6f6f exit......--boo\n-00000c70: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 t-directory=DIR.\n-00000c80: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 ... Install \n-00000c90: 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 GRUB images unde\n-00000ca0: 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 r the directory \n-00000cb0: e280 9844 4952 2f67 7275 622f e280 9920 ...DIR/grub/... \n-00000cc0: 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 0a20 This option is. \n-00000cd0: 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 useful when \n-00000ce0: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 696e 7374 you want to inst\n-00000cf0: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6e74 6f20 6120 all GRUB into a \n-00000d00: 7365 7061 7261 7465 2070 6172 7469 7469 separate partiti\n-00000d10: 6f6e 206f 7220 610a 2020 2020 2072 656d on or a. rem\n-00000d20: 6f76 6162 6c65 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 ovable disk. If\n-00000d30: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n-00000d40: 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7468 not specified th\n-00000d50: 656e 2069 7420 6465 6661 756c 7473 0a20 en it defaults. \n-00000d60: 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 to .../boot.\n-00000d70: 8099 2c20 736f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .., so.. \n-00000d80: 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f grub-install /\n-00000d90: 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 2020 6973 dev/sda.. is\n-00000da0: 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 0a0a equivalent to..\n-00000db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 grub-i\n-00000dc0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 nstall --boot-di\n-00000dd0: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f62 6f6f 742f 202f rectory=/boot/ /\n-00000de0: 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 2020 4865 dev/sda.. He\n-00000df0: 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 re is an example\n-00000e00: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f 7520 6861 in which you ha\n-00000e10: 7665 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 e280 ve a separate ..\n-00000e20: 9c62 6f6f 74e2 809d 2070 6172 7469 7469 .boot... partiti\n-00000e30: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 6973 on. which is\n-00000e40: 206d 6f75 6e74 6564 206f 6e20 e280 982f mounted on .../\n-00000e50: 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 mnt/boot...:.. \n-00000e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 grub-ins\n-00000e70: 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 tall --boot-dire\n-00000e80: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 ctory=/mnt/boot \n-00000e90: 2f64 6576 2f73 6462 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 /dev/sdb.....--r\n-00000ea0: 6563 6865 636b e280 990a 2020 2020 2052 echeck.... R\n-00000eb0: 6563 6865 636b 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 echeck the devic\n-00000ec0: 6520 6d61 702c 2065 7665 6e20 6966 20e2 e map, even if .\n-00000ed0: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f64 6576 ../boot/grub/dev\n-00000ee0: 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2061 6c72 6561 ice.map... alrea\n-00000ef0: 6479 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6973 7473 2e20 dy. exists. \n-00000f00: 2059 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7573 6520 You should use \n-00000f10: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7768 656e this option when\n-00000f20: 6576 6572 2079 6f75 2061 6464 2f72 656d ever you add/rem\n-00000f30: 6f76 6520 6120 6469 736b 0a20 2020 2020 ove a disk. \n-00000f40: 696e 746f 2f66 726f 6d20 796f 7572 2063 into/from your c\n-00000f50: 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6e omputer......--n\n-00000f60: 6f2d 7273 2d63 6f64 6573 e280 990a 2020 o-rs-codes.... \n-00000f70: 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6f6e By default on\n-00000f80: 2078 3836 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d x86 BIOS system\n-00000f90: 732c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 s, ...grub-insta\n-00000fa0: 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2075 7365 2073 ll... will use s\n-00000fb0: 6f6d 6520 6578 7472 610a 2020 2020 2073 ome extra. s\n-00000fc0: 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 pace in the boot\n-00000fd0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 loader embedding\n-00000fe0: 2061 7265 6120 666f 7220 5265 6564 2d53 area for Reed-S\n-00000ff0: 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6572 726f olomon. erro\n-00001000: 722d 636f 7272 6563 7469 6e67 2063 6f64 r-correcting cod\n-00001010: 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 656e 6162 6c65 es. This enable\n-00001020: 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 696c 6c20 s GRUB to still \n-00001030: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6363 6573 boot. succes\n-00001040: 7366 756c 6c79 2069 6620 736f 6d65 2062 sfully if some b\n-00001050: 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6520 636f 7272 7570 locks are corrup\n-00001060: 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 6578 6163 7420 ted. The exact \n-00001070: 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 660a 2020 2020 2070 amount of. p\n-00001080: 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 6665 7265 rotection offere\n-00001090: 6420 6973 2064 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f d is dependent o\n-000010a0: 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7370 6163 n available spac\n-000010b0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6469 e in the embeddi\n-000010c0: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6561 2e20 2052 ng. area. R\n-000010d0: 2073 6563 746f 7273 206f 6620 7265 6475 sectors of redu\n-000010e0: 6e64 616e 6379 2063 616e 2074 6f6c 6572 ndancy can toler\n-000010f0: 6174 6520 7570 2074 6f20 522f 3220 636f ate up to R/2 co\n-00001100: 7272 7570 7465 640a 2020 2020 2073 6563 rrupted. sec\n-00001110: 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7265 6475 tors. This redu\n-00001120: 6e64 616e 6379 206d 6179 2062 6520 6375 ndancy may be cu\n-00001130: 6d62 6572 736f 6d65 2069 6620 6174 7465 mbersome if atte\n-00001140: 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 mpting to. c\n-00001150: 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 ryptographically\n-00001160: 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 7468 6520 636f validate the co\n-00001170: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f ntents of the bo\n-00001180: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 6d62 6564 6469 otloader embeddi\n-00001190: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6561 2c20 6f72 ng. area, or\n-000011a0: 2069 6e20 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 in more modern \n-000011b0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 2047 5054 systems with GPT\n-000011c0: 2d73 7479 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e -style partition\n-000011d0: 2074 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e tables. (*n\n-000011e0: 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ote BIOS install\n-000011f0: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 6865 7265 2047 ation::) where G\n-00001200: 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2072 6573 RUB does not res\n-00001210: 6964 6520 696e 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 ide in any. \n-00001220: 756e 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e65 6420 7370 unpartitioned sp\n-00001230: 6163 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 6f66 2074 ace outside of t\n-00001240: 6865 204d 4252 2e20 4469 7361 626c 6520 he MBR. Disable \n-00001250: 7468 6520 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e the Reed-Solomon\n-00001260: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6465 7320 7769 7468 . codes with\n-00001270: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f this option....\n-00001280: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00001290: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Node: Invokin\n-000012a0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672c g grub-mkconfig,\n-000012b0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Next: Invoking\n-000012c0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n-000012d0: 626b 6466 322c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e bkdf2, Prev: In\n-000012e0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking grub-inst\n-000012f0: 616c 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 all, Up: User-s\n-00001300: 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a pace utilities..\n-00001310: 3234 2e32 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 24.2 Invoking gr\n-00001320: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 670a 3d3d 3d3d ub-mkconfig.====\n+00000a70: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 ==..The program \n+00000a80: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n+00000a90: 8099 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2047 .. generates a G\n+00000aa0: 5255 4220 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2075 RUB core image u\n+00000ab0: 7369 6e67 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 sing....grub-mki\n+00000ac0: 6d61 6765 e280 9920 616e 6420 696e 7374 mage... and inst\n+00000ad0: 616c 6c73 2069 7420 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 alls it on your \n+00000ae0: 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 system. You mus\n+00000af0: 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 650a 6465 t specify the.de\n+00000b00: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6f6e 2077 6869 vice name on whi\n+00000b10: 6368 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2069 ch you want to i\n+00000b20: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 206c 696b nstall GRUB, lik\n+00000b30: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 e this:.. gr\n+00000b40: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2049 4e53 5441 ub-install INSTA\n+00000b50: 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 450a 0a20 2020 5468 LL_DEVICE.. Th\n+00000b60: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 494e e device name IN\n+00000b70: 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 2069 7320 STALL_DEVICE is \n+00000b80: 616e 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d an OS device nam\n+00000b90: 6520 6f72 2061 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 e or a GRUB devi\n+00000ba0: 6365 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 ce.name... ...\n+00000bb0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n+00000bc0: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n+00000bd0: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n+00000be0: e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...--help.... \n+00000bf0: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 Print a summar\n+00000c00: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 y of the command\n+00000c10: 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e -line options an\n+00000c20: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 d exit......--ve\n+00000c30: 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 rsion.... Pr\n+00000c40: 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 int the version \n+00000c50: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 number of GRUB a\n+00000c60: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d62 nd exit......--b\n+00000c70: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 oot-directory=DI\n+00000c80: 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7374 616c R.... Instal\n+00000c90: 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e l GRUB images un\n+00000ca0: 6465 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 der the director\n+00000cb0: 7920 e280 9844 4952 2f67 7275 622f e280 y ...DIR/grub/..\n+00000cc0: 9920 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 . This option is\n+00000cd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 . useful whe\n+00000ce0: 6e20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 696e n you want to in\n+00000cf0: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6e74 6f20 stall GRUB into \n+00000d00: 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 2070 6172 7469 a separate parti\n+00000d10: 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 610a 2020 2020 2072 tion or a. r\n+00000d20: 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 emovable disk. \n+00000d30: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n+00000d40: 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 s not specified \n+00000d50: 7468 656e 2069 7420 6465 6661 756c 7473 then it defaults\n+00000d60: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f . to .../boo\n+00000d70: 74e2 8099 2c20 736f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 t..., so.. \n+00000d80: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c grub-install\n+00000d90: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 2020 /dev/sda.. \n+00000da0: 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f is equivalent to\n+00000db0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n+00000dc0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d -install --boot-\n+00000dd0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f62 6f6f 742f directory=/boot/\n+00000de0: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 2020 /dev/sda.. \n+00000df0: 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 Here is an examp\n+00000e00: 6c65 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f 7520 le in which you \n+00000e10: 6861 7665 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 have a separate \n+00000e20: e280 9c62 6f6f 74e2 809d 2070 6172 7469 ...boot... parti\n+00000e30: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 tion. which \n+00000e40: 6973 206d 6f75 6e74 6564 206f 6e20 e280 is mounted on ..\n+00000e50: 982f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 e280 993a 0a0a ./mnt/boot...:..\n+00000e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 grub-i\n+00000e70: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 nstall --boot-di\n+00000e80: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f rectory=/mnt/boo\n+00000e90: 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6462 0a0a e280 982d t /dev/sdb.....-\n+00000ea0: 2d72 6563 6865 636b e280 990a 2020 2020 -recheck.... \n+00000eb0: 2052 6563 6865 636b 2074 6865 2064 6576 Recheck the dev\n+00000ec0: 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2065 7665 6e20 6966 ice map, even if\n+00000ed0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f64 .../boot/grub/d\n+00000ee0: 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2061 6c72 evice.map... alr\n+00000ef0: 6561 6479 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6973 7473 eady. exists\n+00000f00: 2e20 2059 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7573 . You should us\n+00000f10: 6520 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7768 e this option wh\n+00000f20: 656e 6576 6572 2079 6f75 2061 6464 2f72 enever you add/r\n+00000f30: 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6469 736b 0a20 2020 emove a disk. \n+00000f40: 2020 696e 746f 2f66 726f 6d20 796f 7572 into/from your\n+00000f50: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a e280 982d computer......-\n+00000f60: 2d6e 6f2d 7273 2d63 6f64 6573 e280 990a -no-rs-codes....\n+00000f70: 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 By default \n+00000f80: 6f6e 2078 3836 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 on x86 BIOS syst\n+00000f90: 656d 732c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 ems, ...grub-ins\n+00000fa0: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2075 7365 tall... will use\n+00000fb0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6578 7472 610a 2020 2020 some extra. \n+00000fc0: 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f space in the bo\n+00000fd0: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 6d62 6564 6469 otloader embeddi\n+00000fe0: 6e67 2061 7265 6120 666f 7220 5265 6564 ng area for Reed\n+00000ff0: 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6572 -Solomon. er\n+00001000: 726f 722d 636f 7272 6563 7469 6e67 2063 ror-correcting c\n+00001010: 6f64 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 656e 6162 odes. This enab\n+00001020: 6c65 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 696c les GRUB to stil\n+00001030: 6c20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6363 l boot. succ\n+00001040: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 6620 736f 6d65 essfully if some\n+00001050: 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6520 636f 7272 blocks are corr\n+00001060: 7570 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 6578 6163 upted. The exac\n+00001070: 7420 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 660a 2020 2020 t amount of. \n+00001080: 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 6665 protection offe\n+00001090: 7265 6420 6973 2064 6570 656e 6465 6e74 red is dependent\n+000010a0: 206f 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7370 on available sp\n+000010b0: 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 ace in the embed\n+000010c0: 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6561 2e20 ding. area. \n+000010d0: 2052 2073 6563 746f 7273 206f 6620 7265 R sectors of re\n+000010e0: 6475 6e64 616e 6379 2063 616e 2074 6f6c dundancy can tol\n+000010f0: 6572 6174 6520 7570 2074 6f20 522f 3220 erate up to R/2 \n+00001100: 636f 7272 7570 7465 640a 2020 2020 2073 corrupted. s\n+00001110: 6563 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7265 ectors. This re\n+00001120: 6475 6e64 616e 6379 206d 6179 2062 6520 dundancy may be \n+00001130: 6375 6d62 6572 736f 6d65 2069 6620 6174 cumbersome if at\n+00001140: 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 tempting to. \n+00001150: 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c cryptographical\n+00001160: 6c79 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 7468 6520 ly validate the \n+00001170: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 contents of the \n+00001180: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 6d62 6564 bootloader embed\n+00001190: 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6561 2c20 ding. area, \n+000011a0: 6f72 2069 6e20 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 6572 or in more moder\n+000011b0: 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 2047 n systems with G\n+000011c0: 5054 2d73 7479 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 PT-style partiti\n+000011d0: 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2028 on tables. (\n+000011e0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 *note BIOS insta\n+000011f0: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 6865 7265 llation::) where\n+00001200: 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2072 GRUB does not r\n+00001210: 6573 6964 6520 696e 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 eside in any. \n+00001220: 2020 756e 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e65 6420 unpartitioned \n+00001230: 7370 6163 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 6f66 space outside of\n+00001240: 2074 6865 204d 4252 2e20 4469 7361 626c the MBR. Disabl\n+00001250: 6520 7468 6520 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d e the Reed-Solom\n+00001260: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6465 7320 7769 on. codes wi\n+00001270: 7468 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a th this option..\n+00001280: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00001290: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+000012a0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+000012b0: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 g, Next: Invoki\n+000012c0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n+000012d0: 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 -pbkdf2, Prev: \n+000012e0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e Invoking grub-in\n+000012f0: 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 stall, Up: User\n+00001300: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n+00001310: 0a0a 3234 2e32 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ..24.2 Invoking \n+00001320: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 670a 3d3d grub-mkconfig.==\n 00001330: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n-00001350: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 gram ...grub-mkc\n-00001360: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2067 656e 6572 6174 onfig... generat\n-00001370: 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 es a configurati\n-00001380: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 666f 7220 4752 5542 on file for GRUB\n-00001390: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 .(*note Simple c\n-000013a0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e onfiguration::).\n-000013b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f .. grub-mkco\n-000013c0: 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 nfig -o /boot/gr\n-000013d0: 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a 0a20 2020 ub/grub.cfg.. \n-000013e0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-000013f0: e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 ... accepts the \n-00001400: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n-00001410: 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 s:.....--help...\n-00001420: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 . Print a su\n-00001430: 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d mmary of the com\n-00001440: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e mand-line option\n-00001450: 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 s and exit......\n-00001460: 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 --version.... \n-00001470: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 Print the vers\n-00001480: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 ion number of GR\n-00001490: 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 UB and exit.....\n-000014a0: 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d .-o FILE.......-\n-000014b0: 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 e280 990a -output=FILE....\n-000014c0: 2020 2020 2053 656e 6420 7468 6520 6765 Send the ge\n-000014d0: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 nerated configur\n-000014e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 4649 ation file to FI\n-000014f0: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 LE. The default\n-00001500: 2069 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6e64 is to. send\n-00001510: 2069 7420 746f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 it to standard \n-00001520: 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a output.....File:\n-00001530: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00001540: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n-00001550: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-00001560: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Next: Invokin\n-00001570: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 g grub-mkrelpath\n-00001580: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Prev: Invokin\n-00001590: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672c g grub-mkconfig,\n-000015a0: 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Up: User-space\n-000015b0: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e33 utilities..24.3\n-000015c0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-000015d0: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 0a3d kpasswd-pbkdf2.=\n-000015e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n+00001350: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d rogram ...grub-m\n+00001360: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2067 656e 6572 kconfig... gener\n+00001370: 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ates a configura\n+00001380: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 666f 7220 4752 tion file for GR\n+00001390: 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 UB.(*note Simple\n+000013a0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n+000013b0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b )... grub-mk\n+000013c0: 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 2f62 6f6f 742f config -o /boot/\n+000013d0: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a 0a20 grub/grub.cfg.. \n+000013e0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 ...grub-mkconf\n+000013f0: 6967 e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 ig... accepts th\n+00001400: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e following opti\n+00001410: 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 ons:.....--help.\n+00001420: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 ... Print a \n+00001430: 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 summary of the c\n+00001440: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 ommand-line opti\n+00001450: 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 ons and exit....\n+00001460: 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 ..--version.... \n+00001470: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 Print the ve\n+00001480: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rsion number of \n+00001490: 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a GRUB and exit...\n+000014a0: e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 ...-o FILE......\n+000014b0: 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 e280 .--output=FILE..\n+000014c0: 990a 2020 2020 2053 656e 6420 7468 6520 .. Send the \n+000014d0: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 generated config\n+000014e0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 uration file to \n+000014f0: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 FILE. The defau\n+00001500: 6c74 2069 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 lt is to. se\n+00001510: 6e64 2069 7420 746f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 nd it to standar\n+00001520: 6420 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c d output.....Fil\n+00001530: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00001540: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+00001550: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n+00001560: 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b f2, Next: Invok\n+00001570: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n+00001580: 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b th, Prev: Invok\n+00001590: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+000015a0: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 g, Up: User-spa\n+000015b0: 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 ce utilities..24\n+000015c0: 2e33 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 .3 Invoking grub\n+000015d0: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n+000015e0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 000015f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001600: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 =..The program .\n-00001610: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d ..grub-mkpasswd-\n-00001620: 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 pbkdf2... genera\n-00001630: 7465 7320 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 tes password has\n-00001640: 6865 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e hes for GRUB.(*n\n-00001650: 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 292e ote Security::).\n-00001660: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 .. grub-mkpa\n-00001670: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 320a 0a20 2020 sswd-pbkdf2.. \n-00001680: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ...grub-mkpasswd\n-00001690: 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 -pbkdf2... accep\n-000016a0: 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ts the following\n-000016b0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d63 options:.....-c\n-000016c0: 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d NUMBER.......--\n-000016d0: 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e2d 636f 756e 743d iteration-count=\n-000016e0: 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 204e NUMBER.... N\n-000016f0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2069 7465 7261 7469 umber of iterati\n-00001700: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2075 6e64 6572 ons of the under\n-00001710: 6c79 696e 6720 7073 6575 646f 2d72 616e lying pseudo-ran\n-00001720: 646f 6d20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 dom function.. \n-00001730: 2020 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2031 Defaults to 1\n-00001740: 3030 3030 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6c 204e 554d 0000......-l NUM\n-00001750: 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6275 666c BER.......--bufl\n-00001760: 656e 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 en=NUMBER.... \n-00001770: 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 Length of the \n-00001780: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6861 7368 2e20 generated hash. \n-00001790: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2036 342e Defaults to 64.\n-000017a0: 0a0a e280 982d 7320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 .....-s NUMBER..\n-000017b0: 990a e280 982d 2d73 616c 743d 4e55 4d42 .....--salt=NUMB\n-000017c0: 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 ER.... Lengt\n-000017d0: 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 616c 742e 2020 h of the salt. \n-000017e0: 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 3634 2e0a Defaults to 64..\n-000017f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00001800: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n-00001810: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n-00001820: 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b th, Next: Invok\n-00001830: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n-00001840: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 e, Prev: Invoki\n-00001850: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n-00001860: 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 -pbkdf2, Up: Us\n-00001870: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n-00001880: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e34 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.4 Invokin\n-00001890: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 g grub-mkrelpath\n-000018a0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-000018c0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 he program ...gr\n-000018d0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 e280 9920 ub-mkrelpath... \n-000018e0: 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 makes a file sys\n-000018f0: 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c 6174 6976 tem path relativ\n-00001900: 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f 7420 6f66 e to the.root of\n-00001910: 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 its containing \n-00001920: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 466f file system. Fo\n-00001930: 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 6966 20e2 r instance, if .\n-00001940: 8098 2f75 7372 e280 9920 6973 2061 206d ../usr... is a m\n-00001950: 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 6e74 2c20 7468 656e ount.point, then\n-00001960: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d :.. $ grub-m\n-00001970: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 202f 7573 722f 7368 krelpath /usr/sh\n-00001980: 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 are/grub/unicode\n-00001990: 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 7368 .pf2. .../sh\n-000019a0: 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 are/grub/unicode\n-000019b0: 2e70 6632 e280 990a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 .pf2..... This\n-000019c0: 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6420 is mainly used \n-000019d0: 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 2062 7920 6f74 internally by ot\n-000019e0: 6865 7220 4752 5542 2075 7469 6c69 7469 her GRUB utiliti\n-000019f0: 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 0ae2 8098 6772 es such as....gr\n-00001a00: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 ub-mkconfig... (\n-00001a10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 *note Invoking g\n-00001a20: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 292c rub-mkconfig::),\n-00001a30: 2062 7574 206d 6179 206f 6363 6173 696f but may occasio\n-00001a40: 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c 736f 2062 6520 7573 nally.also be us\n-00001a50: 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2064 6562 7567 6769 eful for debuggi\n-00001a60: 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d ng... ...grub-\n-00001a70: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 8099 2061 6363 mkrelpath... acc\n-00001a80: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n-00001a90: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 ng options:.....\n-00001aa0: 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 --help.... P\n-00001ab0: 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f rint a summary o\n-00001ac0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 f the command-li\n-00001ad0: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 ne options and e\n-00001ae0: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 xit......--versi\n-00001af0: 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 on.... Print\n-00001b00: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n-00001b10: 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 ber of GRUB and \n-00001b20: 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 exit.....File: g\n-00001b30: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00001b40: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00001b50: 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 krescue, Next: \n-00001b60: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f Invoking grub-mo\n-00001b70: 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f unt, Prev: Invo\n-00001b80: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-00001b90: 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 ath, Up: User-s\n-00001ba0: 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a pace utilities..\n-00001bb0: 3234 2e35 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 24.5 Invoking gr\n-00001bc0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 650a 3d3d 3d3d ub-mkrescue.====\n+00001600: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n+00001610: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ...grub-mkpassw\n+00001620: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 6765 6e65 d-pbkdf2... gene\n+00001630: 7261 7465 7320 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 rates password h\n+00001640: 6173 6865 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a28 ashes for GRUB.(\n+00001650: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a *note Security::\n+00001660: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b )... grub-mk\n+00001670: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 320a 0a20 passwd-pbkdf2.. \n+00001680: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 ...grub-mkpass\n+00001690: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2061 6363 wd-pbkdf2... acc\n+000016a0: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n+000016b0: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 ng options:.....\n+000016c0: 2d63 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 -c NUMBER.......\n+000016d0: 2d2d 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e2d 636f 756e --iteration-coun\n+000016e0: 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 t=NUMBER.... \n+000016f0: 204e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2069 7465 7261 Number of itera\n+00001700: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2075 6e64 tions of the und\n+00001710: 6572 6c79 696e 6720 7073 6575 646f 2d72 erlying pseudo-r\n+00001720: 616e 646f 6d20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a andom function..\n+00001730: 2020 2020 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f Defaults to\n+00001740: 2031 3030 3030 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6c 204e 10000......-l N\n+00001750: 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6275 UMBER.......--bu\n+00001760: 666c 656e 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 flen=NUMBER.... \n+00001770: 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 Length of th\n+00001780: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6861 7368 e generated hash\n+00001790: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2036 . Defaults to 6\n+000017a0: 342e 0a0a e280 982d 7320 4e55 4d42 4552 4......-s NUMBER\n+000017b0: e280 990a e280 982d 2d73 616c 743d 4e55 .......--salt=NU\n+000017c0: 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 656e MBER.... Len\n+000017d0: 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 616c 742e gth of the salt.\n+000017e0: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 3634 Defaults to 64\n+000017f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00001800: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 info, Node: Inv\n+00001810: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n+00001820: 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 path, Next: Inv\n+00001830: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n+00001840: 6375 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f cue, Prev: Invo\n+00001850: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 king grub-mkpass\n+00001860: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 3a20 wd-pbkdf2, Up: \n+00001870: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+00001880: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e34 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.4 Invok\n+00001890: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n+000018a0: 7468 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d th.=============\n+000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000018c0: 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .The program ...\n+000018d0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 e280 grub-mkrelpath..\n+000018e0: 9920 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 . makes a file s\n+000018f0: 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c 6174 ystem path relat\n+00001900: 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f 7420 ive to the.root \n+00001910: 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e of its containin\n+00001920: 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 g file system. \n+00001930: 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 6966 For instance, if\n+00001940: 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 e280 9920 6973 2061 .../usr... is a\n+00001950: 206d 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 6e74 2c20 7468 mount.point, th\n+00001960: 656e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 en:.. $ grub\n+00001970: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 202f 7573 722f -mkrelpath /usr/\n+00001980: 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f share/grub/unico\n+00001990: 6465 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f de.pf2. .../\n+000019a0: 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f share/grub/unico\n+000019b0: 6465 2e70 6632 e280 990a 0a20 2020 5468 de.pf2..... Th\n+000019c0: 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 is is mainly use\n+000019d0: 6420 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 2062 7920 d internally by \n+000019e0: 6f74 6865 7220 4752 5542 2075 7469 6c69 other GRUB utili\n+000019f0: 7469 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 0ae2 8098 ties such as....\n+00001a00: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+00001a10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 (*note Invoking\n+00001a20: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a grub-mkconfig::\n+00001a30: 292c 2062 7574 206d 6179 206f 6363 6173 ), but may occas\n+00001a40: 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c 736f 2062 6520 ionally.also be \n+00001a50: 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2064 6562 7567 useful for debug\n+00001a60: 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 ging... ...gru\n+00001a70: 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 8099 2061 b-mkrelpath... a\n+00001a80: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n+00001a90: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n+00001aa0: 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..--help.... \n+00001ab0: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Print a summary\n+00001ac0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d of the command-\n+00001ad0: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 line options and\n+00001ae0: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 exit......--ver\n+00001af0: 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 sion.... Pri\n+00001b00: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n+00001b10: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n+00001b20: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a d exit.....File:\n+00001b30: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00001b40: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n+00001b50: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 4e65 7874 -mkrescue, Next\n+00001b60: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00001b70: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e mount, Prev: In\n+00001b80: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+00001b90: 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 lpath, Up: User\n+00001ba0: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n+00001bb0: 0a0a 3234 2e35 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ..24.5 Invoking \n+00001bc0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 650a 3d3d grub-mkrescue.==\n 00001bd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n-00001bf0: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 gram ...grub-mkr\n-00001c00: 6573 6375 65e2 8099 2067 656e 6572 6174 escue... generat\n-00001c10: 6573 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4752 es a bootable GR\n-00001c20: 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a UB rescue image.\n-00001c30: 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 (*note Making a \n-00001c40: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-00001c50: 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 -ROM::)... g\n-00001c60: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 rub-mkrescue -o \n-00001c70: 6772 7562 2e69 736f 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c grub.iso.. All\n-00001c80: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 206e 6f74 2065 arguments not e\n-00001c90: 7870 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6c69 7374 6564 xplicitly listed\n-00001ca0: 2061 7320 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 as ...grub-mkre\n-00001cb0: 7363 7565 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 scue... options \n-00001cc0: 6172 650a 7061 7373 6564 206f 6e20 6469 are.passed on di\n-00001cd0: 7265 6374 6c79 2074 6f20 e280 9878 6f72 rectly to ...xor\n-00001ce0: 7269 736f e280 9920 696e 20e2 8098 6d6b riso... in ...mk\n-00001cf0: 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 isofs... emulati\n-00001d00: 6f6e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e on mode. Option\n-00001d10: 730a 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9878 s.passed to ...x\n-00001d20: 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206e orriso... will n\n-00001d30: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6265 2069 6e74 6572 ormally be inter\n-00001d40: 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 e280 986d 6b69 preted as ...mki\n-00001d50: 736f 6673 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 733b sofs... options;\n-00001d60: 0a69 6620 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 .if the option .\n-00001d70: 8098 2d2d e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 642c ..--... is used,\n-00001d80: 2074 6865 6e20 616e 7974 6869 6e67 2061 then anything a\n-00001d90: 6674 6572 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 fter that will b\n-00001da0: 6520 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 640a 6173 e interpreted.as\n-00001db0: 206e 6174 6976 6520 e280 9878 6f72 7269 native ...xorri\n-00001dc0: 736f e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a so... options...\n-00001dd0: 2020 204e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 Non-option ar\n-00001de0: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7370 6563 6966 7920 guments specify \n-00001df0: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2073 6f75 7263 additional sourc\n-00001e00: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 2020 e directories. \n-00001e10: 5468 6973 2069 730a 636f 6d6d 6f6e 6c79 This is.commonly\n-00001e20: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2061 6464 2065 7874 used to add ext\n-00001e30: 7261 2066 696c 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ra files to the \n-00001e40: 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 6b64 image:.. mkd\n-00001e50: 6972 202d 7020 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f ir -p disk/boot/\n-00001e60: 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2861 6464 2065 grub. (add e\n-00001e70: 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 2074 6f20 e280 xtra files to ..\n-00001e80: 9864 6973 6b2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 .disk/boot/grub.\n-00001e90: 8099 290a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b ..). grub-mk\n-00001ea0: 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 rescue -o grub.i\n-00001eb0: 736f 2064 6973 6b0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 so disk.. ...g\n-00001ec0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 rub-mkrescue... \n-00001ed0: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n-00001ee0: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n-00001ef0: e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...--help.... \n-00001f00: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 Print a summar\n-00001f10: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 y of the command\n-00001f20: 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e -line options an\n-00001f30: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 d exit......--ve\n-00001f40: 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 rsion.... Pr\n-00001f50: 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 int the version \n-00001f60: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 number of GRUB a\n-00001f70: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 6f20 nd exit......-o \n-00001f80: 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d 2d6f 7574 FILE.......--out\n-00001f90: 7075 743d 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 put=FILE.... \n-00001fa0: 2053 6176 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2069 6e20 Save output in \n-00001fb0: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 226f 7074 FILE. This \"opt\n-00001fc0: 696f 6e22 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 ion\" is required\n-00001fd0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 733d ......--modules=\n-00001fe0: 4d4f 4455 4c45 53e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 MODULES.... \n-00001ff0: 5072 652d 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 206e 616d Pre-load the nam\n-00002000: 6564 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 ed GRUB modules \n-00002010: 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 204d in the image. M\n-00002020: 756c 7469 706c 6520 656e 7472 6965 7320 ultiple entries \n-00002030: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4d4f 4455 4c45 5320 in. MODULES \n-00002040: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7365 7061 7261 should be separa\n-00002050: 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 7465 7370 6163 ted by whitespac\n-00002060: 6520 2873 6f20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2070 e (so you will p\n-00002070: 726f 6261 626c 790a 2020 2020 206e 6565 robably. nee\n-00002080: 6420 746f 2071 756f 7465 2074 6869 7320 d to quote this \n-00002090: 666f 7220 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 292e for your shell).\n-000020a0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 6f6d 2d64 6972 6563 .....--rom-direc\n-000020b0: 746f 7279 3d44 4952 e280 990a 2020 2020 tory=DIR.... \n-000020c0: 2049 6620 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6e67 2069 If generating i\n-000020d0: 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 5145 mages for the QE\n-000020e0: 4d55 206f 7220 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 MU or Coreboot p\n-000020f0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 636f 7079 2074 latforms, copy t\n-00002100: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7375 6c74 696e he. resultin\n-00002110: 6720 e280 9871 656d 752e 696d 67e2 8099 g ...qemu.img...\n-00002120: 206f 7220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f 742e or ...coreboot.\n-00002130: 656c 66e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 2072 6573 elf... files res\n-00002140: 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 746f 2074 6865 pectively to the\n-00002150: 0a20 2020 2020 4449 5220 6469 7265 6374 . DIR direct\n-00002160: 6f72 7920 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2069 ory as well as i\n-00002170: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 696e ncluding them in\n-00002180: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 0ae2 8098 the image......\n-00002190: 2d2d 786f 7272 6973 6f3d 4649 4c45 e280 --xorriso=FILE..\n-000021a0: 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 494c 4520 .. Use FILE \n-000021b0: 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 786f 7272 6973 as the ...xorris\n-000021c0: 6fe2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 7261 o... program, ra\n-000021d0: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6275 ther than the bu\n-000021e0: 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 ilt-in. defa\n-000021f0: 756c 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d67 7275 622d ult......--grub-\n-00002200: 6d6b 696d 6167 653d 4649 4c45 e280 990a mkimage=FILE....\n-00002210: 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 494c 4520 6173 Use FILE as\n-00002220: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 the ...grub-mki\n-00002230: 6d61 6765 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d2c mage... program,\n-00002240: 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 rather than the\n-00002250: 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 built-in. d\n-00002260: 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a efault.....File:\n-00002270: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00002280: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n-00002290: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 -mount, Next: I\n-000022a0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f nvoking grub-pro\n-000022b0: 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b be, Prev: Invok\n-000022c0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n-000022d0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 e, Up: User-spa\n-000022e0: 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 ce utilities..24\n-000022f0: 2e36 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 .6 Invoking grub\n-00002300: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d -mount.=========\n-00002310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00002320: 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .The program ...\n-00002330: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7065 grub-mount... pe\n-00002340: 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2072 6561 642d 6f6e rforms a read-on\n-00002350: 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 616e 7920 ly mount of any \n-00002360: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6f72 2066 file system.or f\n-00002370: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 ile system image\n-00002380: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 that GRUB under\n-00002390: 7374 616e 6473 2c20 7573 696e 6720 4752 stands, using GR\n-000023a0: 5542 2773 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d UB's file system\n-000023b0: 0a64 7269 7665 7273 2076 6961 2046 5553 .drivers via FUS\n-000023c0: 452e 2028 4974 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 E. (It is only a\n-000023d0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6620 4655 5345 vailable if FUSE\n-000023e0: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2066 696c development fil\n-000023f0: 6573 2077 6572 650a 7072 6573 656e 7420 es were.present \n-00002400: 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 when GRUB was bu\n-00002410: 696c 742e 2920 2054 6869 7320 6861 7320 ilt.) This has \n-00002420: 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7573 6573 a number of uses\n-00002430: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 2070 726f :.. ... It pro\n-00002440: 7669 6465 7320 6120 636f 6e76 656e 6965 vides a convenie\n-00002450: 6e74 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 nt way to check \n-00002460: 686f 7720 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7669 how GRUB will vi\n-00002470: 6577 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2073 ew a file. s\n-00002480: 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 ystem at boot ti\n-00002490: 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 me. You can use\n-000024a0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d normal command-\n-000024b0: 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f 6c73 2074 6f0a 2020 line tools to. \n-000024c0: 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6861 7420 compare that \n-000024d0: 7669 6577 2077 6974 6820 7468 6174 206f view with that o\n-000024e0: 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 f your operating\n-000024f0: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 206d 616b 696e 6720 system, making \n-00002500: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6561 7379 2074 6f20 it. easy to \n-00002510: 6669 6e64 2062 7567 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 find bugs... .\n-00002520: 80a2 2049 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2074 7275 .. It offers tru\n-00002530: 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e e read-only moun\n-00002540: 7473 2e20 204c 696e 7578 2064 6f65 7320 ts. Linux does \n-00002550: 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 6865 7365 2066 not have these f\n-00002560: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6a6f 7572 6e61 6c6c or. journall\n-00002570: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 ing file systems\n-00002580: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 696c , because it wil\n-00002590: 6c20 616c 7761 7973 2061 7474 656d 7074 l always attempt\n-000025a0: 2074 6f20 7265 706c 6179 0a20 2020 2020 to replay. \n-000025b0: 7468 6520 6a6f 7572 6e61 6c20 6174 206d the journal at m\n-000025c0: 6f75 6e74 2074 696d 653b 2077 6869 6c65 ount time; while\n-000025d0: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2074 656d 706f 7261 you can tempora\n-000025e0: 7269 6c79 206d 6172 6b20 7468 6520 626c rily mark the bl\n-000025f0: 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 ock. device \n-00002600: 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 746f 2061 766f read-only to avo\n-00002610: 6964 2074 6869 732c 2074 6861 7420 6361 id this, that ca\n-00002620: 7573 6573 2074 6865 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 uses the mount t\n-00002630: 6f20 6661 696c 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 696e o fail.. Sin\n-00002640: 6365 2047 5255 4220 696e 7465 6e74 696f ce GRUB intentio\n-00002650: 6e61 6c6c 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 206e nally contains n\n-00002660: 6f20 636f 6465 2066 6f72 2077 7269 7469 o code for writi\n-00002670: 6e67 2074 6f20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 ng to file. \n-00002680: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 systems, it can \n-00002690: 6561 7369 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 easily provide a\n-000026a0: 2067 7561 7261 6e74 6565 6420 7265 6164 guaranteed read\n-000026b0: 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 740a 2020 2020 -only mount. \n-000026c0: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2e0a 0a20 2020 mechanism... \n-000026d0: e280 a220 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 796f ... It allows yo\n-000026e0: 7520 746f 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2061 6e79 u to examine any\n-000026f0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 6861 file system tha\n-00002700: 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e t GRUB understan\n-00002710: 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 6f75 7420 ds. without \n-00002720: 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 needing to load \n-00002730: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206d 6f64 756c additional modul\n-00002740: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 796f 7572 2072 756e es into your run\n-00002750: 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c ning. kernel\n-00002760: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6265 2075 , which may be u\n-00002770: 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7374 7261 seful in constra\n-00002780: 696e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ined environment\n-00002790: 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a 2020 2020 2069 s such as. i\n-000027a0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 nstallers... .\n-000027b0: 80a2 2053 696e 6365 2069 7420 6361 6e20 .. Since it can \n-000027c0: 6578 616d 696e 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 examine file sys\n-000027d0: 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6573 2028 636f 6e74 tem images (cont\n-000027e0: 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2072 6567 756c 6172 ained in regular\n-000027f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7329 206a 7573 . files) jus\n-00002800: 7420 6173 2065 6173 696c 7920 6173 2066 t as easily as f\n-00002810: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6f6e 2062 ile systems on b\n-00002820: 6c6f 636b 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 796f lock devices, yo\n-00002830: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2069 u can use. i\n-00002840: 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7065 6374 2061 6e79 t to inspect any\n-00002850: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 file system ima\n-00002860: 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 ge that GRUB und\n-00002870: 6572 7374 616e 6473 2077 6974 6820 6f6e erstands with on\n-00002880: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6f75 6768 2070 ly. enough p\n-00002890: 7269 7669 6c65 6765 7320 746f 2075 7365 rivileges to use\n-000028a0: 2046 5553 452c 2065 7665 6e20 6966 206e FUSE, even if n\n-000028b0: 6f62 6f64 7920 6861 7320 7965 7420 7772 obody has yet wr\n-000028c0: 6974 7465 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2046 5553 itten a. FUS\n-000028d0: 4520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 7065 6369 6669 E module specifi\n-000028e0: 6361 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 7468 6174 2066 cally for that f\n-000028f0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 7970 652e ile system type.\n-00002900: 0a0a 2020 2055 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 .. Using ...gr\n-00002910: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 6973 206e ub-mount... is n\n-00002920: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6173 2073 696d 706c ormally as simpl\n-00002930: 6520 6173 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 e as:.. grub\n-00002940: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202f 6465 762f 7364 6131 -mount /dev/sda1\n-00002950: 202f 6d6e 740a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 /mnt.. ...gru\n-00002960: 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 b-mount... must \n-00002970: 6265 2067 6976 656e 206f 6e65 206f 7220 be given one or \n-00002980: 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 7320 616e 6420 more images and \n-00002990: 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 706f 696e 7420 6173 a mount point as\n-000029a0: 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 .non-option argu\n-000029b0: 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 6620 6974 2069 7320 ments (if it is \n-000029c0: 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f 7265 2074 6861 6e20 given more than \n-000029d0: 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 652c 2069 7420 7769 one image, it wi\n-000029e0: 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 0a74 6865 6d20 6173 ll treat.them as\n-000029f0: 2061 2052 4149 4420 7365 7429 2c20 616e a RAID set), an\n-00002a00: 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 d also accepts t\n-00002a10: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n-00002a20: 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 ions:.....--help\n-00002a30: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 .... Print a\n-00002a40: 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 summary of the \n-00002a50: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 command-line opt\n-00002a60: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a ions and exit...\n-00002a70: e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a ...--version....\n-00002a80: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 Print the v\n-00002a90: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 ersion number of\n-00002aa0: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a GRUB and exit..\n-00002ab0: 0ae2 8098 2d43 e280 990a e280 982d 2d63 ....-C.......--c\n-00002ac0: 7279 7074 6fe2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f rypto.... Mo\n-00002ad0: 756e 7420 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 unt encrypted de\n-00002ae0: 7669 6365 732c 2070 726f 6d70 7469 6e67 vices, prompting\n-00002af0: 2066 6f72 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 for a passphras\n-00002b00: 6520 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2e0a e if necessary..\n-00002b10: 0ae2 8098 2d64 2053 5452 494e 47e2 8099 ....-d STRING...\n-00002b20: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 6275 673d 5354 5249 ....--debug=STRI\n-00002b30: 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 NG.... Show \n-00002b40: 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 7574 debugging output\n-00002b50: 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 for conditions \n-00002b60: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2053 5452 494e 472e matching STRING.\n-00002b70: 0a0a e280 982d 4b20 7072 6f6d 7074 7c46 .....-K prompt|F\n-00002b80: 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7a66 732d ILE.......--zfs-\n-00002b90: 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c 45e2 key=prompt|FILE.\n-00002ba0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 205a ... Load a Z\n-00002bb0: 4653 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6b65 FS encryption ke\n-00002bc0: 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2075 7365 20e2 y. If you use .\n-00002bd0: 8098 7072 6f6d 7074 e280 9920 6173 2074 ..prompt... as t\n-00002be0: 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 742c 0a20 2020 he argument,. \n-00002bf0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 ...grub-mount.\n-00002c00: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2061 2070 .. will read a p\n-00002c10: 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 assphrase from t\n-00002c20: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b 206f 7468 he terminal; oth\n-00002c30: 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 7420 erwise,. it \n-00002c40: 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6b65 7920 6d61 will read key ma\n-00002c50: 7465 7269 616c 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 terial from the \n-00002c60: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2e0a specified file..\n-00002c70: 0ae2 8098 2d72 2044 4556 4943 45e2 8099 ....-r DEVICE...\n-00002c80: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6f74 3d44 4556 4943 ....--root=DEVIC\n-00002c90: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 E.... Set th\n-00002ca0: 6520 4752 5542 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 e GRUB root devi\n-00002cb0: 6365 2074 6f20 4445 5649 4345 2e20 2059 ce to DEVICE. Y\n-00002cc0: 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6e6f 726d 616c ou do not normal\n-00002cd0: 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ly need to. \n-00002ce0: 7365 7420 7468 6973 3b20 e280 9867 7275 set this; ...gru\n-00002cf0: 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 b-mount... will \n-00002d00: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 automatically se\n-00002d10: 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 t the root devic\n-00002d20: 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 726f e to. the ro\n-00002d30: 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 7070 6c69 ot of the suppli\n-00002d40: 6564 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a ed file system..\n-00002d50: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2044 4556 4943 4520 . If DEVICE \n-00002d60: 6973 206a 7573 7420 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 is just a number\n-00002d70: 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 , then it will b\n-00002d80: 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2061 2070 e treated as a p\n-00002d90: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 artition. nu\n-00002da0: 6d62 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 mber within the \n-00002db0: 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 supplied image. \n-00002dc0: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 This means that\n-00002dd0: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 616e , if you have an\n-00002de0: 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 6f66 2061 . image of a\n-00002df0: 6e20 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b20 696e n entire disk in\n-00002e00: 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 e280 992c ...disk.img...,\n-00002e10: 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 then you can us\n-00002e20: 6520 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d e this. comm\n-00002e30: 616e 6420 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7473 and to mount its\n-00002e40: 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f second partitio\n-00002e50: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 n:.. gr\n-00002e60: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202d 7220 3220 6469 ub-mount -r 2 di\n-00002e70: 736b 2e69 6d67 206d 6f75 6e74 2d70 6f69 sk.img mount-poi\n-00002e80: 6e74 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 nt.....-v.......\n-00002e90: 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 --verbose.... \n-00002ea0: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 6520 Print verbose \n-00002eb0: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c messages.....Fil\n-00002ec0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00002ed0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n-00002ee0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 204e 6578 743a ub-probe, Next:\n-00002ef0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 Invoking grub-s\n-00002f00: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c 2020 5072 cript-check, Pr\n-00002f10: 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ev: Invoking gru\n-00002f20: 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 b-mount, Up: Us\n-00002f30: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n-00002f40: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e37 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.7 Invokin\n-00002f50: 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 0a3d 3d3d g grub-probe.===\n+00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n+00001bf0: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d rogram ...grub-m\n+00001c00: 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 2067 656e 6572 krescue... gener\n+00001c10: 6174 6573 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 ates a bootable \n+00001c20: 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 GRUB rescue imag\n+00001c30: 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 e.(*note Making \n+00001c40: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+00001c50: 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 CD-ROM::)... \n+00001c60: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d grub-mkrescue -\n+00001c70: 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 0a0a 2020 2041 o grub.iso.. A\n+00001c80: 6c6c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 206e 6f74 ll arguments not\n+00001c90: 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6c69 7374 explicitly list\n+00001ca0: 6564 2061 7320 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ed as ...grub-mk\n+00001cb0: 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e rescue... option\n+00001cc0: 7320 6172 650a 7061 7373 6564 206f 6e20 s are.passed on \n+00001cd0: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2074 6f20 e280 9878 directly to ...x\n+00001ce0: 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 696e 20e2 8098 orriso... in ...\n+00001cf0: 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 2065 6d75 6c61 mkisofs... emula\n+00001d00: 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f70 7469 tion mode. Opti\n+00001d10: 6f6e 730a 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 e280 ons.passed to ..\n+00001d20: 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 7769 6c6c .xorriso... will\n+00001d30: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6265 2069 6e74 normally be int\n+00001d40: 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 e280 986d erpreted as ...m\n+00001d50: 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e kisofs... option\n+00001d60: 733b 0a69 6620 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e s;.if the option\n+00001d70: 20e2 8098 2d2d e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 ...--... is use\n+00001d80: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 616e 7974 6869 6e67 d, then anything\n+00001d90: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c after that will\n+00001da0: 2062 6520 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 640a be interpreted.\n+00001db0: 6173 206e 6174 6976 6520 e280 9878 6f72 as native ...xor\n+00001dc0: 7269 736f e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e riso... options.\n+00001dd0: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 .. Non-option \n+00001de0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7370 6563 6966 arguments specif\n+00001df0: 7920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2073 6f75 y additional sou\n+00001e00: 7263 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e rce directories.\n+00001e10: 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 636f 6d6d 6f6e This is.common\n+00001e20: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 746f 2061 6464 2065 ly used to add e\n+00001e30: 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 2074 6f20 7468 xtra files to th\n+00001e40: 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d e image:.. m\n+00001e50: 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f kdir -p disk/boo\n+00001e60: 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2861 6464 t/grub. (add\n+00001e70: 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 2074 6f20 extra files to \n+00001e80: e280 9864 6973 6b2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ...disk/boot/gru\n+00001e90: 62e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d b...). grub-\n+00001ea0: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 mkrescue -o grub\n+00001eb0: 2e69 736f 2064 6973 6b0a 0a20 2020 e280 .iso disk.. ..\n+00001ec0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 .grub-mkrescue..\n+00001ed0: 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f . accepts the fo\n+00001ee0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n+00001ef0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 .....--help.... \n+00001f00: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n+00001f10: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n+00001f20: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n+00001f30: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d and exit......--\n+00001f40: 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 version.... \n+00001f50: 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f Print the versio\n+00001f60: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 n number of GRUB\n+00001f70: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n+00001f80: 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d 2d6f o FILE.......--o\n+00001f90: 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 utput=FILE.... \n+00001fa0: 2020 2053 6176 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2069 Save output i\n+00001fb0: 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 226f n FILE. This \"o\n+00001fc0: 7074 696f 6e22 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 ption\" is requir\n+00001fd0: 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 ed......--module\n+00001fe0: 733d 4d4f 4455 4c45 53e2 8099 0a20 2020 s=MODULES.... \n+00001ff0: 2020 5072 652d 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 206e Pre-load the n\n+00002000: 616d 6564 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 amed GRUB module\n+00002010: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 s in the image. \n+00002020: 204d 756c 7469 706c 6520 656e 7472 6965 Multiple entrie\n+00002030: 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4d4f 4455 4c45 s in. MODULE\n+00002040: 5320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7365 7061 S should be sepa\n+00002050: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 7465 7370 rated by whitesp\n+00002060: 6163 6520 2873 6f20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c ace (so you will\n+00002070: 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 2020 2020 206e probably. n\n+00002080: 6565 6420 746f 2071 756f 7465 2074 6869 eed to quote thi\n+00002090: 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c s for your shell\n+000020a0: 292e 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 6f6d 2d64 6972 )......--rom-dir\n+000020b0: 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 e280 990a 2020 ectory=DIR.... \n+000020c0: 2020 2049 6620 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6e67 If generating\n+000020d0: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 images for the \n+000020e0: 5145 4d55 206f 7220 436f 7265 626f 6f74 QEMU or Coreboot\n+000020f0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 636f 7079 platforms, copy\n+00002100: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7375 6c74 the. result\n+00002110: 696e 6720 e280 9871 656d 752e 696d 67e2 ing ...qemu.img.\n+00002120: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f .. or ...coreboo\n+00002130: 742e 656c 66e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 2072 t.elf... files r\n+00002140: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 746f 2074 espectively to t\n+00002150: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4449 5220 6469 7265 he. DIR dire\n+00002160: 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 ctory as well as\n+00002170: 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 including them \n+00002180: 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 0ae2 in the image....\n+00002190: 8098 2d2d 786f 7272 6973 6f3d 4649 4c45 ..--xorriso=FILE\n+000021a0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 494c .... Use FIL\n+000021b0: 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 786f 7272 E as the ...xorr\n+000021c0: 6973 6fe2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 iso... program, \n+000021d0: 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 rather than the \n+000021e0: 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6465 built-in. de\n+000021f0: 6661 756c 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d67 7275 fault......--gru\n+00002200: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 653d 4649 4c45 e280 b-mkimage=FILE..\n+00002210: 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 494c 4520 .. Use FILE \n+00002220: 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d as the ...grub-m\n+00002230: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 kimage... progra\n+00002240: 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 m, rather than t\n+00002250: 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 he built-in. \n+00002260: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c default.....Fil\n+00002270: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00002280: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+00002290: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a ub-mount, Next:\n+000022a0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 Invoking grub-p\n+000022b0: 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 robe, Prev: Inv\n+000022c0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n+000022d0: 6375 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 cue, Up: User-s\n+000022e0: 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a pace utilities..\n+000022f0: 3234 2e36 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 24.6 Invoking gr\n+00002300: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ub-mount.=======\n+00002310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00002320: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 =..The program .\n+00002330: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 ..grub-mount... \n+00002340: 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2072 6561 642d performs a read-\n+00002350: 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 616e only mount of an\n+00002360: 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6f72 y file system.or\n+00002370: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 file system ima\n+00002380: 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 ge that GRUB und\n+00002390: 6572 7374 616e 6473 2c20 7573 696e 6720 erstands, using \n+000023a0: 4752 5542 2773 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 GRUB's file syst\n+000023b0: 656d 0a64 7269 7665 7273 2076 6961 2046 em.drivers via F\n+000023c0: 5553 452e 2028 4974 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 USE. (It is only\n+000023d0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6620 4655 available if FU\n+000023e0: 5345 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2066 SE development f\n+000023f0: 696c 6573 2077 6572 650a 7072 6573 656e iles were.presen\n+00002400: 7420 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 t when GRUB was \n+00002410: 6275 696c 742e 2920 2054 6869 7320 6861 built.) This ha\n+00002420: 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7573 s a number of us\n+00002430: 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 2070 es:.. ... It p\n+00002440: 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 636f 6e76 656e rovides a conven\n+00002450: 6965 6e74 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6368 6563 ient way to chec\n+00002460: 6b20 686f 7720 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 k how GRUB will \n+00002470: 7669 6577 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 view a file. \n+00002480: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 system at boot \n+00002490: 7469 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2075 time. You can u\n+000024a0: 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e se normal comman\n+000024b0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f 6c73 2074 6f0a d-line tools to.\n+000024c0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6861 compare tha\n+000024d0: 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 6820 7468 6174 t view with that\n+000024e0: 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 of your operati\n+000024f0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 206d 616b 696e ng system, makin\n+00002500: 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6561 7379 2074 g it. easy t\n+00002510: 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 732e 0a0a 2020 o find bugs... \n+00002520: 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2074 ... It offers t\n+00002530: 7275 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f rue read-only mo\n+00002540: 756e 7473 2e20 204c 696e 7578 2064 6f65 unts. Linux doe\n+00002550: 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 6865 7365 s not have these\n+00002560: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6a6f 7572 6e61 for. journa\n+00002570: 6c6c 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 lling file syste\n+00002580: 6d73 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 ms, because it w\n+00002590: 696c 6c20 616c 7761 7973 2061 7474 656d ill always attem\n+000025a0: 7074 2074 6f20 7265 706c 6179 0a20 2020 pt to replay. \n+000025b0: 2020 7468 6520 6a6f 7572 6e61 6c20 6174 the journal at\n+000025c0: 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 696d 653b 2077 6869 mount time; whi\n+000025d0: 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2074 656d 706f le you can tempo\n+000025e0: 7261 7269 6c79 206d 6172 6b20 7468 6520 rarily mark the \n+000025f0: 626c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 block. devic\n+00002600: 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 746f 2061 e read-only to a\n+00002610: 766f 6964 2074 6869 732c 2074 6861 7420 void this, that \n+00002620: 6361 7573 6573 2074 6865 206d 6f75 6e74 causes the mount\n+00002630: 2074 6f20 6661 696c 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 to fail.. S\n+00002640: 696e 6365 2047 5255 4220 696e 7465 6e74 ince GRUB intent\n+00002650: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 ionally contains\n+00002660: 206e 6f20 636f 6465 2066 6f72 2077 7269 no code for wri\n+00002670: 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ting to file. \n+00002680: 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 7420 6361 systems, it ca\n+00002690: 6e20 6561 7369 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 n easily provide\n+000026a0: 2061 2067 7561 7261 6e74 6565 6420 7265 a guaranteed re\n+000026b0: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 740a 2020 ad-only mount. \n+000026c0: 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2e0a 0a20 mechanism... \n+000026d0: 2020 e280 a220 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 ... It allows \n+000026e0: 796f 7520 746f 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2061 you to examine a\n+000026f0: 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 ny file system t\n+00002700: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 hat GRUB underst\n+00002710: 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 6f75 ands. withou\n+00002720: 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 206c 6f61 t needing to loa\n+00002730: 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206d 6f64 d additional mod\n+00002740: 756c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 796f 7572 2072 ules into your r\n+00002750: 756e 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e unning. kern\n+00002760: 656c 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6265 el, which may be\n+00002770: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7374 useful in const\n+00002780: 7261 696e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 rained environme\n+00002790: 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a 2020 2020 nts such as. \n+000027a0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 installers... \n+000027b0: 20e2 80a2 2053 696e 6365 2069 7420 6361 ... Since it ca\n+000027c0: 6e20 6578 616d 696e 6520 6669 6c65 2073 n examine file s\n+000027d0: 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6573 2028 636f ystem images (co\n+000027e0: 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2072 6567 756c ntained in regul\n+000027f0: 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7329 206a ar. files) j\n+00002800: 7573 7420 6173 2065 6173 696c 7920 6173 ust as easily as\n+00002810: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6f6e file systems on\n+00002820: 2062 6c6f 636b 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 block devices, \n+00002830: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 2020 2020 you can use. \n+00002840: 2069 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7065 6374 2061 it to inspect a\n+00002850: 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 ny file system i\n+00002860: 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 mage that GRUB u\n+00002870: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2077 6974 6820 nderstands with \n+00002880: 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6f75 6768 only. enough\n+00002890: 2070 7269 7669 6c65 6765 7320 746f 2075 privileges to u\n+000028a0: 7365 2046 5553 452c 2065 7665 6e20 6966 se FUSE, even if\n+000028b0: 206e 6f62 6f64 7920 6861 7320 7965 7420 nobody has yet \n+000028c0: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2046 written a. F\n+000028d0: 5553 4520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 7065 6369 USE module speci\n+000028e0: 6669 6361 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 7468 6174 fically for that\n+000028f0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 7970 file system typ\n+00002900: 652e 0a0a 2020 2055 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 e... Using ...\n+00002910: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 6973 grub-mount... is\n+00002920: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6173 2073 696d normally as sim\n+00002930: 706c 6520 6173 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 ple as:.. gr\n+00002940: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202f 6465 762f 7364 ub-mount /dev/sd\n+00002950: 6131 202f 6d6e 740a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 a1 /mnt.. ...g\n+00002960: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 206d 7573 rub-mount... mus\n+00002970: 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 206f 6e65 206f t be given one o\n+00002980: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 7320 616e r more images an\n+00002990: 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 706f 696e 7420 d a mount point \n+000029a0: 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 as.non-option ar\n+000029b0: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 6620 6974 2069 guments (if it i\n+000029c0: 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f 7265 2074 6861 s given more tha\n+000029d0: 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 652c 2069 7420 n one image, it \n+000029e0: 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 0a74 6865 6d20 will treat.them \n+000029f0: 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 7365 7429 2c20 as a RAID set), \n+00002a00: 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 6570 7473 and also accepts\n+00002a10: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n+00002a20: 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 ptions:.....--he\n+00002a30: 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 lp.... Print\n+00002a40: 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 a summary of th\n+00002a50: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f e command-line o\n+00002a60: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e ptions and exit.\n+00002a70: 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 .....--version..\n+00002a80: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 .. Print the\n+00002a90: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n+00002aa0: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 of GRUB and exit\n+00002ab0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d43 e280 990a e280 982d ......-C.......-\n+00002ac0: 2d63 7279 7074 6fe2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 -crypto.... \n+00002ad0: 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 Mount encrypted \n+00002ae0: 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 726f 6d70 7469 devices, prompti\n+00002af0: 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 ng for a passphr\n+00002b00: 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 ase if necessary\n+00002b10: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 2053 5452 494e 47e2 ......-d STRING.\n+00002b20: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 6275 673d 5354 ......--debug=ST\n+00002b30: 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 686f RING.... Sho\n+00002b40: 7720 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 w debugging outp\n+00002b50: 7574 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e ut for condition\n+00002b60: 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2053 5452 494e s matching STRIN\n+00002b70: 472e 0a0a e280 982d 4b20 7072 6f6d 7074 G......-K prompt\n+00002b80: 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7a66 |FILE.......--zf\n+00002b90: 732d 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c s-key=prompt|FIL\n+00002ba0: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 E.... Load a\n+00002bb0: 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 ZFS encryption \n+00002bc0: 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2075 7365 key. If you use\n+00002bd0: 20e2 8098 7072 6f6d 7074 e280 9920 6173 ...prompt... as\n+00002be0: 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 742c 0a20 the argument,. \n+00002bf0: 2020 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e ...grub-moun\n+00002c00: 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2061 t... will read a\n+00002c10: 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 6672 6f6d passphrase from\n+00002c20: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b 206f the terminal; o\n+00002c30: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 therwise,. i\n+00002c40: 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6b65 7920 t will read key \n+00002c50: 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2066 726f 6d20 7468 material from th\n+00002c60: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6669 6c65 e specified file\n+00002c70: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d72 2044 4556 4943 45e2 ......-r DEVICE.\n+00002c80: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6f74 3d44 4556 ......--root=DEV\n+00002c90: 4943 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 ICE.... Set \n+00002ca0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 the GRUB root de\n+00002cb0: 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 5649 4345 2e20 vice to DEVICE. \n+00002cc0: 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6e6f 726d You do not norm\n+00002cd0: 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 2020 ally need to. \n+00002ce0: 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 3b20 e280 9867 set this; ...g\n+00002cf0: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2077 696c rub-mount... wil\n+00002d00: 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 l automatically \n+00002d10: 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 set the root dev\n+00002d20: 6963 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ice to. the \n+00002d30: 726f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 7070 root of the supp\n+00002d40: 6c69 6564 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d lied file system\n+00002d50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2044 4556 4943 ... If DEVIC\n+00002d60: 4520 6973 206a 7573 7420 6120 6e75 6d62 E is just a numb\n+00002d70: 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 7769 6c6c er, then it will\n+00002d80: 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2061 be treated as a\n+00002d90: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 partition. \n+00002da0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 number within th\n+00002db0: 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2069 6d61 6765 e supplied image\n+00002dc0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 . This means th\n+00002dd0: 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 at, if you have \n+00002de0: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 6f66 an. image of\n+00002df0: 2061 6e20 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b20 an entire disk \n+00002e00: 696e 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 e280 in ...disk.img..\n+00002e10: 992c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ., then you can \n+00002e20: 7573 6520 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f use this. co\n+00002e30: 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 mmand to mount i\n+00002e40: 7473 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 7061 7274 6974 ts second partit\n+00002e50: 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ion:.. \n+00002e60: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202d 7220 3220 grub-mount -r 2 \n+00002e70: 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 206d 6f75 6e74 2d70 disk.img mount-p\n+00002e80: 6f69 6e74 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 oint.....-v.....\n+00002e90: 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 ..--verbose.... \n+00002ea0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 Print verbos\n+00002eb0: 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e messages.....F\n+00002ec0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00002ed0: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Node: Invoking \n+00002ee0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 204e 6578 grub-probe, Nex\n+00002ef0: 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 t: Invoking grub\n+00002f00: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c 2020 -script-check, \n+00002f10: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Prev: Invoking g\n+00002f20: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rub-mount, Up: \n+00002f30: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+00002f40: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e37 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.7 Invok\n+00002f50: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 0a3d ing grub-probe.=\n 00002f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n-00002f80: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 am ...grub-probe\n-00002f90: e280 9920 7072 6f62 6573 2064 6576 6963 ... probes devic\n-00002fa0: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f e information fo\n-00002fb0: 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 7061 7468 206f r a given path o\n-00002fc0: 720a 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 r.device... \n-00002fd0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 202d 2d74 6172 grub-probe --tar\n-00002fe0: 6765 743d 6673 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 get=fs /boot/gru\n-00002ff0: 620a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 b. grub-prob\n-00003000: 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d64 7269 7665 e --target=drive\n-00003010: 202d 2d64 6576 6963 6520 2f64 6576 2f73 --device /dev/s\n-00003020: 6461 310a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d da1.. ...grub-\n-00003030: 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 probe... must be\n-00003040: 2067 6976 656e 2061 2070 6174 6820 6f72 given a path or\n-00003050: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2061 206e 6f6e device as a non\n-00003060: 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 -option argument\n-00003070: 2c0a 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 6570 ,.and also accep\n-00003080: 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ts the following\n-00003090: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d options:.....--\n-000030a0: 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 help.... Pri\n-000030b0: 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 nt a summary of \n-000030c0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-000030d0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 options and exi\n-000030e0: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e t......--version\n-000030f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 .... Print t\n-00003100: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n-00003110: 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 r of GRUB and ex\n-00003120: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 e280 990a e280 it......-d......\n-00003130: 982d 2d64 6576 6963 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 .--device.... \n-00003140: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n-00003150: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 6e20 is given, then \n-00003160: 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 the non-option a\n-00003170: 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2073 7973 rgument is a sys\n-00003180: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 tem. device \n-00003190: 6e61 6d65 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 name (such as ..\n-000031a0: 982f 6465 762f 7364 6131 e280 9929 2c20 ./dev/sda1...), \n-000031b0: 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 7072 6f62 and ...grub-prob\n-000031c0: 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e 740a e... will print.\n-000031d0: 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e information\n-000031e0: 2061 626f 7574 2074 6861 7420 6465 7669 about that devi\n-000031f0: 6365 2e20 2049 6620 6974 2069 7320 6e6f ce. If it is no\n-00003200: 7420 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 t given, then th\n-00003210: 650a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f e. non-optio\n-00003220: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 n argument is a \n-00003230: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 filesystem path \n-00003240: 2873 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f (such as .../boo\n-00003250: 742f 6772 7562 e280 9929 2c0a 2020 2020 t/grub...),. \n-00003260: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f and ...grub-pro\n-00003270: 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 be... will print\n-00003280: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f information abo\n-00003290: 7574 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 636f ut the device co\n-000032a0: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ntaining. th\n-000032b0: 6174 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2066 at part of the f\n-000032c0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a e280 982d ilesystem......-\n-000032d0: 6d20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d 2d64 m FILE.......--d\n-000032e0: 6576 6963 652d 6d61 703d 4649 4c45 e280 evice-map=FILE..\n-000032f0: 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 494c 4520 .. Use FILE \n-00003300: 6173 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 as the device ma\n-00003310: 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 6520 p (*note Device \n-00003320: 6d61 703a 3a29 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 map::) rather th\n-00003330: 616e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 an the. defa\n-00003340: 756c 742c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 ult, usually ...\n-00003350: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f64 6576 6963 /boot/grub/devic\n-00003360: 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d74 e.map.........-t\n-00003370: 2054 4152 4745 54e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d TARGET.......--\n-00003380: 7461 7267 6574 3d54 4152 4745 54e2 8099 target=TARGET...\n-00003390: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 696e 666f . Print info\n-000033a0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 rmation about th\n-000033b0: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7061 7468 206f 7220 e given path or \n-000033c0: 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 6465 6669 6e65 device as define\n-000033d0: 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 5441 5247 4554 d by. TARGET\n-000033e0: 2e20 2054 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 . The available\n-000033f0: 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 6e64 2074 6865 targets and the\n-00003400: 6972 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 7320 6172 653a ir meanings are:\n-00003410: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 e280 990a .. ...fs....\n-00003420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2066 GRUB f\n-00003430: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 ilesystem module\n-00003440: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 5f75 7569 .. ...fs_uui\n-00003450: 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 d.... F\n-00003460: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 556e 6976 6572 ilesystem Univer\n-00003470: 7361 6c6c 7920 556e 6971 7565 2049 6465 sally Unique Ide\n-00003480: 6e74 6966 6965 7220 2855 5549 4429 2e0a ntifier (UUID)..\n-00003490: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 5f6c 6162 656c ...fs_label\n-000034a0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 .... Fi\n-000034b0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 656c 2e0a lesystem label..\n-000034c0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6472 6976 65e2 8099 ...drive...\n-000034d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 . GRUB \n-000034e0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a20 2020 device name.. \n-000034f0: 2020 e280 9864 6576 6963 65e2 8099 0a20 ...device.... \n-00003500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7973 7465 6d20 System \n-00003510: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a20 2020 device name.. \n-00003520: 2020 e280 9870 6172 746d 6170 e280 990a ...partmap....\n-00003530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2070 GRUB p\n-00003540: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6170 206d 6f64 artition map mod\n-00003550: 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 6273 ule.. ...abs\n-00003560: 7472 6163 7469 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 traction.... \n-00003570: 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2061 6273 7472 GRUB abstr\n-00003580: 6163 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2865 action module (e\n-00003590: 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6c76 6de2 8099 292e .g. ...lvm...).\n-000035a0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 7279 7074 6f64 . ...cryptod\n-000035b0: 6973 6b5f 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 isk_uuid.... \n-000035c0: 2020 2020 2020 4372 7970 746f 2064 6576 Crypto dev\n-000035d0: 6963 6520 5555 4944 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 ice UUID.. .\n-000035e0: 8098 6d73 646f 735f 7061 7274 7479 7065 ..msdos_parttype\n-000035f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d42 .... MB\n-00003600: 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 R partition type\n-00003610: 2063 6f64 6520 2874 776f 2068 6578 6164 code (two hexad\n-00003620: 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 2e0a ecimal digits)..\n-00003630: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6e74 735f 7374 ...hints_st\n-00003640: 7269 6e67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ring.... \n-00003650: 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 206f 6620 706c A string of pl\n-00003660: 6174 666f 726d 2073 6561 7263 6820 6869 atform search hi\n-00003670: 6e74 7320 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 nts suitable for\n-00003680: 2070 6173 7369 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 650a passing to the.\n-00003690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 9873 6561 ...sea\n-000036a0: 7263 68e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 rch... command (\n-000036b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e *note search::).\n-000036c0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 696f 735f 6869 . ...bios_hi\n-000036d0: 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts.... \n-000036e0: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f Search hints fo\n-000036f0: 7220 7468 6520 5043 2042 494f 5320 706c r the PC BIOS pl\n-00003700: 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 atform.. ...\n-00003710: 6965 6565 3132 3735 5f68 696e 7473 e280 ieee1275_hints..\n-00003720: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 .. Sear\n-00003730: 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2074 6865 ch hints for the\n-00003740: 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 706c 6174 666f IEEE1275 platfo\n-00003750: 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6261 7265 rm.. ...bare\n-00003760: 6d65 7461 6c5f 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 metal_hints.... \n-00003770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 Search \n-00003780: 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 706c 6174 666f hints for platfo\n-00003790: 726d 7320 7768 6572 6520 6469 736b 7320 rms where disks \n-000037a0: 6172 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 6469 are addressed di\n-000037b0: 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rectly. \n-000037c0: 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2076 6961 rather than via\n-000037d0: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a20 2020 2020 firmware.. \n-000037e0: e280 9865 6669 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a ...efi_hints....\n-000037f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 Search\n-00003800: 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2045 hints for the E\n-00003810: 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 FI platform.. \n-00003820: 2020 e280 9861 7263 5f68 696e 7473 e280 ...arc_hints..\n-00003830: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 .. Sear\n-00003840: 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2074 6865 ch hints for the\n-00003850: 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 ARC platform.. \n-00003860: 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 ...compatibi\n-00003870: 6c69 7479 5f68 696e 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 lity_hint.... \n-00003880: 2020 2020 2020 2041 2067 7565 7373 2061 A guess a\n-00003890: 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2047 t a reasonable G\n-000038a0: 5255 4220 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 RUB drive name f\n-000038b0: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 6465 7669 6365 2c20 or this device, \n-000038c0: 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 which. \n-000038d0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 may be used as a\n-000038e0: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6966 2074 6865 fallback if the\n-000038f0: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f ...search... co\n-00003900: 6d6d 616e 6420 6661 696c 732e 0a20 2020 mmand fails.. \n-00003910: 2020 e280 9864 6973 6be2 8099 0a20 2020 ...disk.... \n-00003920: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7973 7465 6d20 6465 System de\n-00003930: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 666f 7220 7468 vice name for th\n-00003940: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0ae2 e whole disk....\n-00003950: 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 982d 2d76 6572 ..-v.......--ver\n-00003960: 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 bose.... Pri\n-00003970: 6e74 2076 6572 626f 7365 206d 6573 7361 nt verbose messa\n-00003980: 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ges.....File: gr\n-00003990: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000039a0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n-000039b0: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 2050 7265 ript-check, Pre\n-000039c0: 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 v: Invoking grub\n-000039d0: 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 -probe, Up: Use\n-000039e0: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-000039f0: 730a 0a32 342e 3820 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.8 Invoking\n-00003a00: 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 grub-script-che\n-00003a10: 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ck.=============\n+00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n+00002f80: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f gram ...grub-pro\n+00002f90: 6265 e280 9920 7072 6f62 6573 2064 6576 be... probes dev\n+00002fa0: 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ice information \n+00002fb0: 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 7061 7468 for a given path\n+00002fc0: 206f 720a 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 or.device... \n+00002fd0: 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 202d 2d74 grub-probe --t\n+00002fe0: 6172 6765 743d 6673 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 arget=fs /boot/g\n+00002ff0: 7275 620a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7072 rub. grub-pr\n+00003000: 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d64 7269 obe --target=dri\n+00003010: 7665 202d 2d64 6576 6963 6520 2f64 6576 ve --device /dev\n+00003020: 2f73 6461 310a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 /sda1.. ...gru\n+00003030: 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 b-probe... must \n+00003040: 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 2070 6174 6820 be given a path \n+00003050: 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2061 206e or device as a n\n+00003060: 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 on-option argume\n+00003070: 6e74 2c0a 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 nt,.and also acc\n+00003080: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n+00003090: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 ng options:.....\n+000030a0: 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 --help.... P\n+000030b0: 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f rint a summary o\n+000030c0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 f the command-li\n+000030d0: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 ne options and e\n+000030e0: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 xit......--versi\n+000030f0: 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 on.... Print\n+00003100: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n+00003110: 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 ber of GRUB and \n+00003120: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 e280 990a exit......-d....\n+00003130: e280 982d 2d64 6576 6963 65e2 8099 0a20 ...--device.... \n+00003140: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 If this opti\n+00003150: 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 on is given, the\n+00003160: 6e20 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e n the non-option\n+00003170: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2073 argument is a s\n+00003180: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 ystem. devic\n+00003190: 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 e name (such as \n+000031a0: e280 982f 6465 762f 7364 6131 e280 9929 .../dev/sda1...)\n+000031b0: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 7072 , and ...grub-pr\n+000031c0: 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e obe... will prin\n+000031d0: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 t. informati\n+000031e0: 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 6861 7420 6465 on about that de\n+000031f0: 7669 6365 2e20 2049 6620 6974 2069 7320 vice. If it is \n+00003200: 6e6f 7420 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 6e20 not given, then \n+00003210: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 the. non-opt\n+00003220: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 ion argument is \n+00003230: 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 a filesystem pat\n+00003240: 6820 2873 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 2f62 h (such as .../b\n+00003250: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9929 2c0a 2020 oot/grub...),. \n+00003260: 2020 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 and ...grub-p\n+00003270: 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 robe... will pri\n+00003280: 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 nt information a\n+00003290: 626f 7574 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 bout the device \n+000032a0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 containing. \n+000032b0: 7468 6174 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 that part of the\n+000032c0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a e280 filesystem.....\n+000032d0: 982d 6d20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d .-m FILE.......-\n+000032e0: 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 703d 4649 4c45 -device-map=FILE\n+000032f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 494c .... Use FIL\n+00003300: 4520 6173 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 E as the device \n+00003310: 6d61 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 map (*note Devic\n+00003320: 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2072 6174 6865 7220 e map::) rather \n+00003330: 7468 616e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6465 than the. de\n+00003340: 6661 756c 742c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 fault, usually .\n+00003350: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f64 6576 ../boot/grub/dev\n+00003360: 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ice.map.........\n+00003370: 2d74 2054 4152 4745 54e2 8099 0ae2 8098 -t TARGET.......\n+00003380: 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d54 4152 4745 54e2 --target=TARGET.\n+00003390: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 696e ... Print in\n+000033a0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 formation about \n+000033b0: 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7061 7468 206f the given path o\n+000033c0: 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 6465 6669 r device as defi\n+000033d0: 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 5441 5247 ned by. TARG\n+000033e0: 4554 2e20 2054 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 ET. The availab\n+000033f0: 6c65 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 6e64 2074 le targets and t\n+00003400: 6865 6972 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 7320 6172 heir meanings ar\n+00003410: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 e280 e:.. ...fs..\n+00003420: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 .. GRUB\n+00003430: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 filesystem modu\n+00003440: 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 5f75 le.. ...fs_u\n+00003450: 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 uid.... \n+00003460: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 556e 6976 Filesystem Univ\n+00003470: 6572 7361 6c6c 7920 556e 6971 7565 2049 ersally Unique I\n+00003480: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 2855 5549 4429 dentifier (UUID)\n+00003490: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 5f6c 6162 .. ...fs_lab\n+000034a0: 656c e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 el.... \n+000034b0: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 656c Filesystem label\n+000034c0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6472 6976 65e2 .. ...drive.\n+000034d0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 ... GRU\n+000034e0: 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a20 B device name.. \n+000034f0: 2020 2020 e280 9864 6576 6963 65e2 8099 ...device...\n+00003500: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7973 7465 . Syste\n+00003510: 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a20 m device name.. \n+00003520: 2020 2020 e280 9870 6172 746d 6170 e280 ...partmap..\n+00003530: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 .. GRUB\n+00003540: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6170 206d partition map m\n+00003550: 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 odule.. ...a\n+00003560: 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e e280 990a 2020 bstraction.... \n+00003570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2061 6273 GRUB abs\n+00003580: 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 756c 6520 traction module \n+00003590: 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6c76 6de2 8099 (e.g. ...lvm...\n+000035a0: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 7279 7074 ).. ...crypt\n+000035b0: 6f64 6973 6b5f 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 odisk_uuid.... \n+000035c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4372 7970 746f 2064 Crypto d\n+000035d0: 6576 6963 6520 5555 4944 2e0a 2020 2020 evice UUID.. \n+000035e0: 20e2 8098 6d73 646f 735f 7061 7274 7479 ...msdos_partty\n+000035f0: 7065 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pe.... \n+00003600: 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 MBR partition ty\n+00003610: 7065 2063 6f64 6520 2874 776f 2068 6578 pe code (two hex\n+00003620: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 adecimal digits)\n+00003630: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6e74 735f .. ...hints_\n+00003640: 7374 7269 6e67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 string.... \n+00003650: 2020 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 206f 6620 A string of \n+00003660: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2073 6561 7263 6820 platform search \n+00003670: 6869 6e74 7320 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 hints suitable f\n+00003680: 6f72 2070 6173 7369 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 or passing to th\n+00003690: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 9873 e. ...s\n+000036a0: 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 earch... command\n+000036b0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a (*note search::\n+000036c0: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 696f 735f ).. ...bios_\n+000036d0: 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 hints.... \n+000036e0: 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 Search hints \n+000036f0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2042 494f 5320 for the PC BIOS \n+00003700: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 platform.. .\n+00003710: 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 5f68 696e 7473 ..ieee1275_hints\n+00003720: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n+00003730: 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2074 arch hints for t\n+00003740: 6865 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 706c 6174 he IEEE1275 plat\n+00003750: 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6261 form.. ...ba\n+00003760: 7265 6d65 7461 6c5f 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 remetal_hints...\n+00003770: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 . Searc\n+00003780: 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 706c 6174 h hints for plat\n+00003790: 666f 726d 7320 7768 6572 6520 6469 736b forms where disk\n+000037a0: 7320 6172 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 s are addressed \n+000037b0: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 2020 directly. \n+000037c0: 2020 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2076 rather than v\n+000037d0: 6961 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a20 2020 ia firmware.. \n+000037e0: 2020 e280 9865 6669 5f68 696e 7473 e280 ...efi_hints..\n+000037f0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 .. Sear\n+00003800: 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2074 6865 ch hints for the\n+00003810: 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 EFI platform.. \n+00003820: 2020 2020 e280 9861 7263 5f68 696e 7473 ...arc_hints\n+00003830: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n+00003840: 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2074 arch hints for t\n+00003850: 6865 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e he ARC platform.\n+00003860: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f6d 7061 7469 . ...compati\n+00003870: 6269 6c69 7479 5f68 696e 74e2 8099 0a20 bility_hint.... \n+00003880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 2067 7565 7373 A guess\n+00003890: 2061 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 at a reasonable\n+000038a0: 2047 5255 4220 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 GRUB drive name\n+000038b0: 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 6465 7669 6365 for this device\n+000038c0: 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 , which. \n+000038d0: 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6173 may be used as\n+000038e0: 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6966 2074 a fallback if t\n+000038f0: 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 he ...search... \n+00003900: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6661 696c 732e 0a20 command fails.. \n+00003910: 2020 2020 e280 9864 6973 6be2 8099 0a20 ...disk.... \n+00003920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7973 7465 6d20 System \n+00003930: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 666f 7220 device name for \n+00003940: 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a the whole disk..\n+00003950: 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 982d 2d76 ....-v.......--v\n+00003960: 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 erbose.... P\n+00003970: 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f 7365 206d 6573 rint verbose mes\n+00003980: 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 sages.....File: \n+00003990: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000039a0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+000039b0: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 2050 script-check, P\n+000039c0: 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 rev: Invoking gr\n+000039d0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2055 703a 2055 ub-probe, Up: U\n+000039e0: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n+000039f0: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3820 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.8 Invoki\n+00003a00: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 ng grub-script-c\n+00003a10: 6865 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d heck.===========\n 00003a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00003a30: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 ==..The program \n-00003a40: e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 ...grub-script-c\n-00003a50: 6865 636b e280 9920 7461 6b65 7320 6120 heck... takes a \n-00003a60: 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 6669 6c65 GRUB script file\n-00003a70: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 (*note.Shell-li\n-00003a80: 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 2920 ke scripting::) \n-00003a90: 616e 6420 6368 6563 6b73 2069 7420 666f and checks it fo\n-00003aa0: 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 6f72 732c r syntax errors,\n-00003ab0: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f0a 636f 6d6d similar to.comm\n-00003ac0: 616e 6473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 ands such as ...\n-00003ad0: 7368 202d 6ee2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 sh -n.... It ma\n-00003ae0: 7920 7461 6b65 2061 2050 4154 4820 6173 y take a PATH as\n-00003af0: 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 a non-option ar\n-00003b00: 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 gument;.if none \n-00003b10: 6973 2073 7570 706c 6965 642c 2069 7420 is supplied, it \n-00003b20: 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2073 will read from s\n-00003b30: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7075 742e 0a0a tandard input...\n-00003b40: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 grub-script\n-00003b50: 2d63 6865 636b 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 -check /boot/gru\n-00003b60: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 20e2 b/grub.cfg.. .\n-00003b70: 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 ..grub-script-ch\n-00003b80: 6563 6be2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 eck... accepts t\n-00003b90: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n-00003ba0: 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 ions:.....--help\n-00003bb0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 .... Print a\n-00003bc0: 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 summary of the \n-00003bd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 command-line opt\n-00003be0: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a ions and exit...\n-00003bf0: e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a ...--version....\n-00003c00: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 Print the v\n-00003c10: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 ersion number of\n-00003c20: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a GRUB and exit..\n-00003c30: 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 982d 2d76 ....-v.......--v\n-00003c40: 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 erbose.... P\n-00003c50: 7269 6e74 2065 6163 6820 6c69 6e65 206f rint each line o\n-00003c60: 6620 696e 7075 7420 6166 7465 7220 7265 f input after re\n-00003c70: 6164 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ading it.....Fil\n-00003c80: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00003c90: 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 ode: Obtaining a\n-00003ca0: 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 nd Building GRUB\n-00003cb0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 , Next: Reporti\n-00003cc0: 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ng bugs, Prev: \n-00003cd0: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n-00003ce0: 7469 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ties, Up: Top..\n-00003cf0: 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 2048 6f77 2074 Appendix A How t\n-00003d00: 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 6e64 2062 7569 o obtain and bui\n-00003d10: 6c64 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ld GRUB.********\n+00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n+00003a40: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 m ...grub-script\n+00003a50: 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 7461 6b65 7320 -check... takes \n+00003a60: 6120 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 6669 a GRUB script fi\n+00003a70: 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 5368 656c 6c2d le (*note.Shell-\n+00003a80: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a like scripting::\n+00003a90: 2920 616e 6420 6368 6563 6b73 2069 7420 ) and checks it \n+00003aa0: 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 6f72 for syntax error\n+00003ab0: 732c 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f0a 636f s, similar to.co\n+00003ac0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 mmands such as .\n+00003ad0: 8098 7368 202d 6ee2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 ..sh -n.... It \n+00003ae0: 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 2050 4154 4820 may take a PATH \n+00003af0: 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 as a non-option \n+00003b00: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a 6966 206e 6f6e argument;.if non\n+00003b10: 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c 6965 642c 2069 e is supplied, i\n+00003b20: 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d t will read from\n+00003b30: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7075 742e standard input.\n+00003b40: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 .. grub-scri\n+00003b50: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 pt-check /boot/g\n+00003b60: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 rub/grub.cfg.. \n+00003b70: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d ...grub-script-\n+00003b80: 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 check... accepts\n+00003b90: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n+00003ba0: 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 ptions:.....--he\n+00003bb0: 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 lp.... Print\n+00003bc0: 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 a summary of th\n+00003bd0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f e command-line o\n+00003be0: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e ptions and exit.\n+00003bf0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 .....--version..\n+00003c00: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 .. Print the\n+00003c10: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n+00003c20: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 of GRUB and exit\n+00003c30: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 982d ......-v.......-\n+00003c40: 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 2020 -verbose.... \n+00003c50: 2050 7269 6e74 2065 6163 6820 6c69 6e65 Print each line\n+00003c60: 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6166 7465 7220 of input after \n+00003c70: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 reading it.....F\n+00003c80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00003c90: 204e 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 Node: Obtaining\n+00003ca0: 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 and Building GR\n+00003cb0: 5542 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6570 6f72 UB, Next: Repor\n+00003cc0: 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5072 6576 ting bugs, Prev\n+00003cd0: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+00003ce0: 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 lities, Up: Top\n+00003cf0: 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 2048 6f77 ..Appendix A How\n+00003d00: 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 6e64 2062 to obtain and b\n+00003d10: 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a uild GRUB.******\n 00003d20: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00003d30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00003d40: 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a . *Caution:*\n-00003d50: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2062 GRUB requires b\n-00003d60: 696e 7574 696c 732d 322e 392e 312e 302e inutils-2.9.1.0.\n-00003d70: 3233 206f 7220 6c61 7465 7220 6265 6361 23 or later beca\n-00003d80: 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 4e55 use the. GNU\n-00003d90: 2061 7373 656d 626c 6572 2068 6173 2062 assembler has b\n-00003da0: 6565 6e20 6368 616e 6765 6420 736f 2074 een changed so t\n-00003db0: 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2070 726f 6475 hat it can produ\n-00003dc0: 6365 2072 6561 6c20 3136 6269 7473 0a20 ce real 16bits. \n-00003dd0: 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e 6520 636f 6465 machine code\n-00003de0: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2032 2e39 2e31 2061 between 2.9.1 a\n-00003df0: 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2e30 2e78 2e20 2053 nd 2.9.1.0.x. S\n-00003e00: 6565 0a20 2020 2020 3c68 7474 703a 2f2f ee. , t\n-00003e30: 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 o obtain informa\n-00003e40: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 686f 770a 2020 2020 tion on how. \n-00003e50: 2074 6f20 6765 7420 7468 6520 6c61 7465 to get the late\n-00003e60: 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 st version... \n-00003e70: 4752 5542 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c GRUB is availabl\n-00003e80: 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2061 e from the GNU a\n-00003e90: 6c70 6861 2061 7263 6869 7665 2073 6974 lpha archive sit\n-00003ea0: 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 7470 2e67 6e75 e. o\n-00003ec0: 7220 616e 7920 6f66 2069 7473 206d 6972 r any of its mir\n-00003ed0: 726f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 rors. The file \n-00003ee0: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 6e61 6d65 6420 6772 will be.named gr\n-00003ef0: 7562 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 2e74 6172 2e67 ub-version.tar.g\n-00003f00: 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 z. The current \n-00003f10: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 2032 2e31 322c version is 2.12,\n-00003f20: 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2079 6f75 so the file you\n-00003f30: 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6772 6162 2069 733a .should grab is:\n-00003f40: 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 703a 2f2f 6674 702e .. .. To unbund\n-00003f80: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7573 6520 7468 6520 le GRUB use the \n-00003f90: 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 instruction:.. \n-00003fa0: 2020 207a 6361 7420 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 zcat grub-2.1\n-00003fb0: 322e 7461 722e 677a 207c 2074 6172 2078 2.tar.gz | tar x\n-00003fc0: 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 2077 6869 6368 2077 vf -.. which w\n-00003fd0: 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2061 2064 6972 ill create a dir\n-00003fe0: 6563 746f 7279 2063 616c 6c65 6420 e280 ectory called ..\n-00003ff0: 9867 7275 622d 322e 3132 e280 9920 7769 .grub-2.12... wi\n-00004000: 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a73 6f75 7263 th all the.sourc\n-00004010: 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 206c 6f6f es. You can loo\n-00004020: 6b20 6174 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 e280 k at the file ..\n-00004030: 9849 4e53 5441 4c4c e280 9920 666f 7220 .INSTALL... for \n-00004040: 6465 7461 696c 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 detailed instruc\n-00004050: 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 tions.on how to \n-00004060: 6275 696c 6420 616e 6420 696e 7374 616c build and instal\n-00004070: 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 l GRUB, but you \n-00004080: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 should be able t\n-00004090: 6f20 6a75 7374 2064 6f3a 0a0a 2020 2020 o just do:.. \n-000040a0: 2063 6420 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 320a 2020 cd grub-2.12. \n-000040b0: 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 0a20 ./configure. \n-000040c0: 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c make install\n-000040d0: 0a0a 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2074 6865 206c .. Also, the l\n-000040e0: 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 atest version is\n-000040f0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2075 7369 6e67 available using\n-00004100: 2047 6974 2e20 2053 6565 0a3c 6874 7470 Git. See.\n-00004140: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d for more.inform\n-00004150: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n-00004160: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00004170: 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 : Reporting bugs\n-00004180: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 7574 7572 652c , Next: Future,\n-00004190: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e Prev: Obtainin\n-000041a0: 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 g and Building G\n-000041b0: 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 RUB, Up: Top..A\n-000041c0: 7070 656e 6469 7820 4220 5265 706f 7274 ppendix B Report\n-000041d0: 696e 6720 6275 6773 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ing bugs.*******\n+00003d30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00003d40: 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e *.. *Caution\n+00003d50: 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 :* GRUB requires\n+00003d60: 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d 322e 392e 312e binutils-2.9.1.\n+00003d70: 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 7465 7220 6265 0.23 or later be\n+00003d80: 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 cause the. G\n+00003d90: 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c 6572 2068 6173 NU assembler has\n+00003da0: 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e 6765 6420 736f been changed so\n+00003db0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2070 726f that it can pro\n+00003dc0: 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 3136 6269 7473 duce real 16bits\n+00003dd0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e 6520 636f . machine co\n+00003de0: 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e 2032 2e39 2e31 de between 2.9.1\n+00003df0: 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2e30 2e78 2e20 and 2.9.1.0.x. \n+00003e00: 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 3c68 7474 703a See. ,\n+00003e30: 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2069 6e66 6f72 to obtain infor\n+00003e40: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 686f 770a 2020 mation on how. \n+00003e50: 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 7468 6520 6c61 to get the la\n+00003e60: 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 test version... \n+00003e70: 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 GRUB is availa\n+00003e80: 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2047 4e55 ble from the GNU\n+00003e90: 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 6869 7665 2073 alpha archive s\n+00003ea0: 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 7470 2e67 ite.\n+00003ec0: 206f 7220 616e 7920 6f66 2069 7473 206d or any of its m\n+00003ed0: 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 696c irrors. The fil\n+00003ee0: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 6e61 6d65 6420 e will be.named \n+00003ef0: 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 2e74 6172 grub-version.tar\n+00003f00: 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e .gz. The curren\n+00003f10: 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 2032 2e31 t version is 2.1\n+00003f20: 322c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2079 2, so the file y\n+00003f30: 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6772 6162 2069 ou.should grab i\n+00003f40: 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 703a 2f2f 6674 s:.. .. To unbu\n+00003f80: 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7573 6520 7468 ndle GRUB use th\n+00003f90: 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e3a 0a0a e instruction:..\n+00003fa0: 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 6772 7562 2d32 zcat grub-2\n+00003fb0: 2e31 322e 7461 722e 677a 207c 2074 6172 .12.tar.gz | tar\n+00003fc0: 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 2077 6869 6368 xvf -.. which\n+00003fd0: 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2061 2064 will create a d\n+00003fe0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 616c 6c65 6420 irectory called \n+00003ff0: e280 9867 7275 622d 322e 3132 e280 9920 ...grub-2.12... \n+00004000: 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a73 6f75 with all the.sou\n+00004010: 7263 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 206c rces. You can l\n+00004020: 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 ook at the file \n+00004030: e280 9849 4e53 5441 4c4c e280 9920 666f ...INSTALL... fo\n+00004040: 7220 6465 7461 696c 6564 2069 6e73 7472 r detailed instr\n+00004050: 7563 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 uctions.on how t\n+00004060: 6f20 6275 696c 6420 616e 6420 696e 7374 o build and inst\n+00004070: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 796f all GRUB, but yo\n+00004080: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 u should be able\n+00004090: 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2064 6f3a 0a0a 2020 to just do:.. \n+000040a0: 2020 2063 6420 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 320a cd grub-2.12.\n+000040b0: 2020 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 ./configure\n+000040c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 6e73 7461 . make insta\n+000040d0: 6c6c 0a0a 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2074 6865 ll.. Also, the\n+000040e0: 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 latest version \n+000040f0: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2075 7369 is available usi\n+00004100: 6e67 2047 6974 2e20 2053 6565 0a3c 6874 ng Git. See. for more.info\n+00004150: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n+00004160: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00004170: 6465 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 de: Reporting bu\n+00004180: 6773 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 7574 7572 gs, Next: Futur\n+00004190: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4f62 7461 696e e, Prev: Obtain\n+000041a0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n+000041b0: 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a GRUB, Up: Top.\n+000041c0: 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4220 5265 706f .Appendix B Repo\n+000041d0: 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a rting bugs.*****\n 000041e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000041f0: 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 7468 **..These are th\n-00004200: 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 666f 7220 e guideline for \n-00004210: 686f 7720 746f 2072 6570 6f72 7420 6275 how to report bu\n-00004220: 6773 2e20 2054 616b 6520 6120 6c6f 6f6b gs. Take a look\n-00004230: 2061 7420 7468 6973 0a6c 6973 7420 6265 at this.list be\n-00004240: 6c6f 7720 6265 666f 7265 2079 6f75 2073 low before you s\n-00004250: 7562 6d69 7420 6275 6773 3a0a 0a20 2031 ubmit bugs:.. 1\n-00004260: 2e20 4265 666f 7265 2067 6574 7469 6e67 . Before getting\n-00004270: 2075 6e73 6574 746c 6564 2c20 7265 6164 unsettled, read\n-00004280: 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2074 6872 this manual thr\n-00004290: 6f75 6768 2061 6e64 2074 6872 6f75 6768 ough and through\n-000042a0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2073 6565 .. Also, see\n-000042b0: 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 4641 the GNU GRUB FA\n-000042c0: 510a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 Q. (http://w\n-000042d0: 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 ww.gnu.org/softw\n-000042e0: 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622d 6661 are/grub/grub-fa\n-000042f0: 712e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 2041 q.html)... 2. A\n-00004300: 6c77 6179 7320 6d65 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 lways mention th\n-00004310: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e e information on\n-00004320: 2079 6f75 7220 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 your GRUB. The \n-00004330: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 version number a\n-00004340: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e66 nd. the conf\n-00004350: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6172 6520 7175 iguration are qu\n-00004360: 6974 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e 2020 ite important. \n-00004370: 4966 2079 6f75 2062 7569 6c64 2069 7420 If you build it \n-00004380: 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 yourself,. w\n-00004390: 7269 7465 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 rite the options\n-000043a0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 7468 specified to th\n-000043b0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 7363 7269 e configure scri\n-000043c0: 7074 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 pt and your. \n-000043d0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-000043e0: 6d2c 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 m, including the\n-000043f0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2067 6363 versions of gcc\n-00004400: 2061 6e64 2062 696e 7574 696c 732e 0a0a and binutils...\n-00004410: 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 3. If you have\n-00004420: 2074 726f 7562 6c65 2077 6974 6820 7468 trouble with th\n-00004430: 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 e installation, \n-00004440: 696e 666f 726d 2075 7320 6f66 2068 6f77 inform us of how\n-00004450: 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c you. instal\n-00004460: 6c65 6420 4752 5542 2e20 446f 6e27 7420 led GRUB. Don't \n-00004470: 6f6d 6974 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 omit error messa\n-00004480: 6765 732c 2069 6620 616e 792e 2020 4a75 ges, if any. Ju\n-00004490: 7374 20e2 8098 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 st ...GRUB. \n-000044a0: 6861 6e67 7320 7570 2077 6865 6e20 6974 hangs up when it\n-000044b0: 2062 6f6f 7473 e280 9920 6973 206e 6f74 boots... is not\n-000044c0: 2065 6e6f 7567 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 enough... T\n-000044d0: 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f he information o\n-000044e0: 6e20 796f 7572 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 n your hardware \n-000044f0: 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 6573 7365 6e74 6961 is also essentia\n-00004500: 6c2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6172 650a 2020 l. These are. \n-00004510: 2020 2065 7370 6563 6961 6c6c 7920 696d especially im\n-00004520: 706f 7274 616e 743a 2074 6865 2067 656f portant: the geo\n-00004530: 6d65 7472 6965 7320 616e 6420 7468 6520 metries and the \n-00004540: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 partition tables\n-00004550: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 7220 6861 of. your ha\n-00004560: 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2061 rd disk drives a\n-00004570: 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 nd your BIOS... \n-00004580: 2034 2e20 4966 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 4. If GRUB cann\n-00004590: 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 796f 7572 206f 7065 ot boot your ope\n-000045a0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2077 rating system, w\n-000045b0: 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 5f65 7665 7279 rite down _every\n-000045c0: 7468 696e 675f 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 thing_. you \n-000045d0: 7365 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 see on the scree\n-000045e0: 6e2e 2020 446f 6e27 7420 7061 7261 7068 n. Don't paraph\n-000045f0: 7261 7365 2074 6865 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 rase them, like \n-00004600: e280 9854 6865 2066 6f6f 204f 530a 2020 ...The foo OS. \n-00004610: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2077 6974 6820 crashes with \n-00004620: 4752 5542 2c20 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 GRUB, even thoug\n-00004630: 6820 6974 2063 616e 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 h it can boot wi\n-00004640: 7468 2074 6865 2062 6172 2062 6f6f 7420 th the bar boot \n-00004650: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6a75 7374 loader. just\n-00004660: 2066 696e 65e2 8099 2e20 204d 656e 7469 fine.... Menti\n-00004670: 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 on the commands \n-00004680: 796f 7520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 you executed, th\n-00004690: 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 0a20 2020 2020 e messages. \n-000046a0: 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 6d2c printed by them,\n-000046b0: 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e and information\n-000046c0: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 on your operati\n-000046d0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e 636c 7564 ng system includ\n-000046e0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2076 6572 ing. the ver\n-000046f0: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 722e 0a0a 2020 sion number... \n-00004700: 352e 2045 7870 6c61 696e 2077 6861 7420 5. Explain what \n-00004710: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 646f you wanted to do\n-00004720: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2076 6572 7920 7573 . It is very us\n-00004730: 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 eful to know you\n-00004740: 720a 2020 2020 2070 7572 706f 7365 2061 r. purpose a\n-00004750: 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 7769 7368 2c20 616e nd your wish, an\n-00004760: 6420 686f 7720 4752 5542 2064 6964 6e27 d how GRUB didn'\n-00004770: 7420 7361 7469 7366 7920 796f 752e 0a0a t satisfy you...\n-00004780: 2020 362e 2049 6620 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6. If you can \n-00004790: 696e 7665 7374 6967 6174 6520 7468 6520 investigate the \n-000047a0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f 7572 7365 6c66 problem yourself\n-000047b0: 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 6f2e 2020 5468 , please do. Th\n-000047c0: 6174 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2067 6976 at will. giv\n-000047d0: 6520 796f 7520 616e 6420 7573 206d 7563 e you and us muc\n-000047e0: 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 h more informati\n-000047f0: 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 on on the proble\n-00004800: 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 6368 696e 6720 610a m. Attaching a.\n-00004810: 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 2069 7320 6576 patch is ev\n-00004820: 656e 2062 6574 7465 722e 0a0a 2020 2020 en better... \n-00004830: 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6174 7461 6368 When you attach\n-00004840: 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 a patch, make t\n-00004850: 6865 2070 6174 6368 2069 6e20 756e 6966 he patch in unif\n-00004860: 6965 6420 6469 6666 2066 6f72 6d61 742c ied diff format,\n-00004870: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7772 6974 6520 and. write \n-00004880: 4368 616e 6765 4c6f 6720 656e 7472 6965 ChangeLog entrie\n-00004890: 732e 2020 4275 742c 2065 7665 6e20 7768 s. But, even wh\n-000048a0: 656e 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6120 7061 en you make a pa\n-000048b0: 7463 682c 2064 6f6e 2774 0a20 2020 2020 tch, don't. \n-000048c0: 666f 7267 6574 2074 6f20 6578 706c 6169 forget to explai\n-000048d0: 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2073 n the problem, s\n-000048e0: 6f20 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e20 756e o that we can un\n-000048f0: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2077 6861 7420 796f derstand what yo\n-00004900: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 6973 ur. patch is\n-00004910: 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 2037 2e20 5772 6974 for... 7. Writ\n-00004920: 6520 646f 776e 2061 6e79 7468 696e 6720 e down anything \n-00004930: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2074 6869 6e6b 206d that you think m\n-00004940: 6967 6874 2062 6520 7265 6c61 7465 642e ight be related.\n-00004950: 2020 506c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e Please. un\n-00004960: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2074 6861 7420 7765 derstand that we\n-00004970: 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f 2072 often need to r\n-00004980: 6570 726f 6475 6365 2074 6865 2073 616d eproduce the sam\n-00004990: 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f 750a 2020 e problem you. \n-000049a0: 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 6e74 6572 6564 2069 encountered i\n-000049b0: 6e20 6f75 7220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e n our environmen\n-000049c0: 742e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 7220 696e 666f t. So your info\n-000049d0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 rmation should b\n-000049e0: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7566 6669 6369 656e e. sufficien\n-000049f0: 7420 666f 7220 7573 2074 6f20 646f 2074 t for us to do t\n-00004a00: 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 696e 672d 2d44 he same thing--D\n-00004a10: 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 6174 on't forget that\n-00004a20: 2077 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 we cannot. \n-00004a30: 7365 6520 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 see your compute\n-00004a40: 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 r directly. If \n-00004a50: 796f 7520 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7375 7265 you are not sure\n-00004a60: 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6f20 7374 6174 whether to stat\n-00004a70: 6520 610a 2020 2020 2066 6163 7420 6f72 e a. fact or\n-00004a80: 206c 6561 7665 2069 7420 6f75 742c 2073 leave it out, s\n-00004a90: 7461 7465 2069 7421 2020 5265 706f 7274 tate it! Report\n-00004aa0: 696e 6720 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2074 6869 ing too many thi\n-00004ab0: 6e67 7320 6973 206d 7563 680a 2020 2020 ngs is much. \n-00004ac0: 2062 6574 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f 6d69 better than omi\n-00004ad0: 7474 696e 6720 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 tting something \n-00004ae0: 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e 0a0a 2020 2049 important... I\n-00004af0: 6620 796f 7520 666f 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 f you follow the\n-00004b00: 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 2061 626f 7665 guideline above\n-00004b10: 2c20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 6570 6f72 , submit a repor\n-00004b20: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2042 7567 0a54 7261 t to the Bug.Tra\n-00004b30: 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d 2028 6874 cking System (ht\n-00004b40: 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e 6e61 682e 676e tp://savannah.gn\n-00004b50: 752e 6f72 672f 6275 6773 2f3f 6772 6f75 u.org/bugs/?grou\n-00004b60: 703d 6772 7562 292e 0a41 6c74 6572 6e61 p=grub)..Alterna\n-00004b70: 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 tively, you can \n-00004b80: 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 6570 6f72 7420 submit a report \n-00004b90: 7669 6120 656c 6563 7472 6f6e 6963 206d via electronic m\n-00004ba0: 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c 6275 672d 6772 7562 ail to., but w\n-00004bc0: 6520 7374 726f 6e67 6c79 2072 6563 6f6d e strongly recom\n-00004bd0: 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 7573 mend that you us\n-00004be0: 6520 7468 6520 4275 670a 5472 6163 6b69 e the Bug.Tracki\n-00004bf0: 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d2c 2062 6563 6175 ng System, becau\n-00004c00: 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 6c20 6361 6e20 6265 se e-mail can be\n-00004c10: 2070 6173 7365 6420 6f76 6572 2065 6173 passed over eas\n-00004c20: 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e63 6520 7765 ily... Once we\n-00004c30: 2067 6574 2079 6f75 7220 7265 706f 7274 get your report\n-00004c40: 2c20 7765 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f , we will try to\n-00004c50: 2066 6978 2074 6865 2062 7567 732e 0a0a fix the bugs...\n-00004c60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00004c70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4675 7475 7265 o, Node: Future\n-00004c80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 , Next: Copying\n-00004c90: 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 2c20 2050 This Manual, P\n-00004ca0: 7265 763a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 rev: Reporting b\n-00004cb0: 7567 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 ugs, Up: Top..A\n-00004cc0: 7070 656e 6469 7820 4320 5768 6572 6520 ppendix C Where \n-00004cd0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 676f 0a2a 2a2a GRUB will go.***\n+000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 ****..These are \n+00004200: 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 666f the guideline fo\n+00004210: 7220 686f 7720 746f 2072 6570 6f72 7420 r how to report \n+00004220: 6275 6773 2e20 2054 616b 6520 6120 6c6f bugs. Take a lo\n+00004230: 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6973 0a6c 6973 7420 ok at this.list \n+00004240: 6265 6c6f 7720 6265 666f 7265 2079 6f75 below before you\n+00004250: 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6275 6773 3a0a 0a20 submit bugs:.. \n+00004260: 2031 2e20 4265 666f 7265 2067 6574 7469 1. Before getti\n+00004270: 6e67 2075 6e73 6574 746c 6564 2c20 7265 ng unsettled, re\n+00004280: 6164 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2074 ad this manual t\n+00004290: 6872 6f75 6768 2061 6e64 2074 6872 6f75 hrough and throu\n+000042a0: 6768 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2073 gh.. Also, s\n+000042b0: 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 ee the GNU GRUB \n+000042c0: 4641 510a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f FAQ. (http:/\n+000042d0: 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 /www.gnu.org/sof\n+000042e0: 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622d tware/grub/grub-\n+000042f0: 6661 712e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 322e faq.html)... 2.\n+00004300: 2041 6c77 6179 7320 6d65 6e74 696f 6e20 Always mention \n+00004310: 7468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 the information \n+00004320: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 4752 5542 2e20 5468 on your GRUB. Th\n+00004330: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n+00004340: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f and. the co\n+00004350: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6172 6520 nfiguration are \n+00004360: 7175 6974 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e quite important.\n+00004370: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 7569 6c64 2069 If you build i\n+00004380: 7420 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2c0a 2020 2020 t yourself,. \n+00004390: 2077 7269 7465 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f write the optio\n+000043a0: 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 ns specified to \n+000043b0: 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 7363 the configure sc\n+000043c0: 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 720a 2020 ript and your. \n+000043d0: 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 operating sys\n+000043e0: 7465 6d2c 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 tem, including t\n+000043f0: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2067 he versions of g\n+00004400: 6363 2061 6e64 2062 696e 7574 696c 732e cc and binutils.\n+00004410: 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 .. 3. If you ha\n+00004420: 7665 2074 726f 7562 6c65 2077 6974 6820 ve trouble with \n+00004430: 7468 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e the installation\n+00004440: 2c20 696e 666f 726d 2075 7320 6f66 2068 , inform us of h\n+00004450: 6f77 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 ow you. inst\n+00004460: 616c 6c65 6420 4752 5542 2e20 446f 6e27 alled GRUB. Don'\n+00004470: 7420 6f6d 6974 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 t omit error mes\n+00004480: 7361 6765 732c 2069 6620 616e 792e 2020 sages, if any. \n+00004490: 4a75 7374 20e2 8098 4752 5542 0a20 2020 Just ...GRUB. \n+000044a0: 2020 6861 6e67 7320 7570 2077 6865 6e20 hangs up when \n+000044b0: 6974 2062 6f6f 7473 e280 9920 6973 206e it boots... is n\n+000044c0: 6f74 2065 6e6f 7567 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 ot enough... \n+000044d0: 2054 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e The information\n+000044e0: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2068 6172 6477 6172 on your hardwar\n+000044f0: 6520 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 6573 7365 6e74 e is also essent\n+00004500: 6961 6c2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6172 650a ial. These are.\n+00004510: 2020 2020 2065 7370 6563 6961 6c6c 7920 especially \n+00004520: 696d 706f 7274 616e 743a 2074 6865 2067 important: the g\n+00004530: 656f 6d65 7472 6965 7320 616e 6420 7468 eometries and th\n+00004540: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c e partition tabl\n+00004550: 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 7220 es of. your \n+00004560: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 hard disk drives\n+00004570: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a and your BIOS..\n+00004580: 0a20 2034 2e20 4966 2047 5255 4220 6361 . 4. If GRUB ca\n+00004590: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 796f 7572 206f nnot boot your o\n+000045a0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c perating system,\n+000045b0: 2077 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 5f65 7665 write down _eve\n+000045c0: 7279 7468 696e 675f 0a20 2020 2020 796f rything_. yo\n+000045d0: 7520 7365 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 u see on the scr\n+000045e0: 6565 6e2e 2020 446f 6e27 7420 7061 7261 een. Don't para\n+000045f0: 7068 7261 7365 2074 6865 6d2c 206c 696b phrase them, lik\n+00004600: 6520 e280 9854 6865 2066 6f6f 204f 530a e ...The foo OS.\n+00004610: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2077 6974 crashes wit\n+00004620: 6820 4752 5542 2c20 6576 656e 2074 686f h GRUB, even tho\n+00004630: 7567 6820 6974 2063 616e 2062 6f6f 7420 ugh it can boot \n+00004640: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 6172 2062 6f6f with the bar boo\n+00004650: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6a75 t loader. ju\n+00004660: 7374 2066 696e 65e2 8099 2e20 204d 656e st fine.... Men\n+00004670: 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tion the command\n+00004680: 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 s you executed, \n+00004690: 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 0a20 2020 the messages. \n+000046a0: 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 printed by the\n+000046b0: 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 m, and informati\n+000046c0: 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 on on your opera\n+000046d0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e 636c ting system incl\n+000046e0: 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2076 uding. the v\n+000046f0: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 722e 0a0a ersion number...\n+00004700: 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 696e 2077 6861 5. Explain wha\n+00004710: 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 t you wanted to \n+00004720: 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2076 6572 7920 do. It is very \n+00004730: 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6b6e 6f77 2079 useful to know y\n+00004740: 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 7572 706f 7365 our. purpose\n+00004750: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 7769 7368 2c20 and your wish, \n+00004760: 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 5542 2064 6964 and how GRUB did\n+00004770: 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 7920 796f 752e n't satisfy you.\n+00004780: 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 796f 7520 6361 .. 6. If you ca\n+00004790: 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 6174 6520 7468 n investigate th\n+000047a0: 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f 7572 7365 e problem yourse\n+000047b0: 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 6f2e 2020 lf, please do. \n+000047c0: 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2067 That will. g\n+000047d0: 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e 6420 7573 206d ive you and us m\n+000047e0: 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 uch more informa\n+000047f0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 tion on the prob\n+00004800: 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 6368 696e 6720 lem. Attaching \n+00004810: 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 2069 7320 a. patch is \n+00004820: 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 722e 0a0a 2020 even better... \n+00004830: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6174 7461 When you atta\n+00004840: 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 6d61 6b65 ch a patch, make\n+00004850: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 2069 6e20 756e the patch in un\n+00004860: 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 2066 6f72 6d61 ified diff forma\n+00004870: 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7772 6974 t, and. writ\n+00004880: 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f 6720 656e 7472 e ChangeLog entr\n+00004890: 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c 2065 7665 6e20 ies. But, even \n+000048a0: 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6120 when you make a \n+000048b0: 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e 2774 0a20 2020 patch, don't. \n+000048c0: 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 6f20 6578 706c forget to expl\n+000048d0: 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c ain the problem,\n+000048e0: 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e20 so that we can \n+000048f0: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2077 6861 7420 understand what \n+00004900: 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 your. patch \n+00004910: 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 2037 2e20 5772 is for... 7. Wr\n+00004920: 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 6e79 7468 696e ite down anythin\n+00004930: 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2074 6869 6e6b g that you think\n+00004940: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7265 6c61 7465 might be relate\n+00004950: 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 2020 d. Please. \n+00004960: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2074 6861 7420 understand that \n+00004970: 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f we often need to\n+00004980: 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 2074 6865 2073 reproduce the s\n+00004990: 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f 750a ame problem you.\n+000049a0: 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 6e74 6572 6564 encountered\n+000049b0: 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d in our environm\n+000049c0: 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 7220 696e ent. So your in\n+000049d0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 6c64 formation should\n+000049e0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7566 6669 6369 be. suffici\n+000049f0: 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 2074 6f20 646f ent for us to do\n+00004a00: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 696e 672d the same thing-\n+00004a10: 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 -Don't forget th\n+00004a20: 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a20 2020 at we cannot. \n+00004a30: 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 see your compu\n+00004a40: 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 2049 ter directly. I\n+00004a50: 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7375 f you are not su\n+00004a60: 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6f20 7374 re whether to st\n+00004a70: 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2066 6163 7420 ate a. fact \n+00004a80: 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 7420 6f75 742c or leave it out,\n+00004a90: 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 2020 5265 706f state it! Repo\n+00004aa0: 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2074 rting too many t\n+00004ab0: 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d 7563 680a 2020 hings is much. \n+00004ac0: 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f better than o\n+00004ad0: 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f 6d65 7468 696e mitting somethin\n+00004ae0: 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e 0a0a 2020 g important... \n+00004af0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f 6c6c 6f77 2074 If you follow t\n+00004b00: 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 2061 626f he guideline abo\n+00004b10: 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 6570 ve, submit a rep\n+00004b20: 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 2042 7567 0a54 ort to the Bug.T\n+00004b30: 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d 2028 racking System (\n+00004b40: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e 6e61 682e http://savannah.\n+00004b50: 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 6773 2f3f 6772 gnu.org/bugs/?gr\n+00004b60: 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e 0a41 6c74 6572 oup=grub)..Alter\n+00004b70: 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 796f 7520 6361 natively, you ca\n+00004b80: 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 6570 6f72 n submit a repor\n+00004b90: 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 7472 6f6e 6963 t via electronic\n+00004ba0: 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c 6275 672d 6772 mail to., but\n+00004bc0: 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 6c79 2072 6563 we strongly rec\n+00004bd0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 ommend that you \n+00004be0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 670a 5472 6163 use the Bug.Trac\n+00004bf0: 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d2c 2062 6563 king System, bec\n+00004c00: 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 6c20 6361 6e20 ause e-mail can \n+00004c10: 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6f76 6572 2065 be passed over e\n+00004c20: 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e63 6520 asily... Once \n+00004c30: 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 7220 7265 706f we get your repo\n+00004c40: 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 rt, we will try \n+00004c50: 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 2062 7567 732e to fix the bugs.\n+00004c60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00004c70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4675 7475 nfo, Node: Futu\n+00004c80: 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f70 7969 re, Next: Copyi\n+00004c90: 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 2c20 ng This Manual, \n+00004ca0: 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 Prev: Reporting\n+00004cb0: 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a bugs, Up: Top.\n+00004cc0: 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4320 5768 6572 .Appendix C Wher\n+00004cd0: 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 676f 0a2a e GRUB will go.*\n 00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 **********..GRUB\n-00004d00: 2032 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7175 6974 6520 2 is now quite \n-00004d10: 7374 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 6420 stable and used \n-00004d20: 696e 206d 616e 7920 7072 6f64 7563 7469 in many producti\n-00004d30: 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2057 6520 on systems. We \n-00004d40: 6172 650a 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 776f are.currently wo\n-00004d50: 726b 696e 6720 746f 7761 7264 7320 6120 rking towards a \n-00004d60: 322e 3020 7265 6c65 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2.0 release... \n-00004d70: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 696e 7465 If you are inte\n-00004d80: 7265 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6465 rested in the de\n-00004d90: 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 6f66 2047 5255 velopment of GRU\n-00004da0: 4220 322c 2074 616b 6520 6120 6c6f 6f6b B 2, take a look\n-00004db0: 2061 740a 7468 6520 686f 6d65 7061 6765 at.the homepage\n-00004dc0: 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 (http://www.gnu\n-00004dd0: 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 652f 6772 .org/software/gr\n-00004de0: 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a ub/grub.html)...\n-00004df0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00004e00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7079 696e o, Node: Copyin\n-00004e10: 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 g This Manual, \n-00004e20: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 6465 782c 2020 5072 Next: Index, Pr\n-00004e30: 6576 3a20 4675 7475 7265 2c20 2055 703a ev: Future, Up:\n-00004e40: 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2044 Top..Appendix D\n-00004e50: 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 Copying This Ma\n-00004e60: 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a nual.***********\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ************..GR\n+00004d00: 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7175 6974 UB 2 is now quit\n+00004d10: 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 e stable and use\n+00004d20: 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 7072 6f64 7563 d in many produc\n+00004d30: 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2057 tion systems. W\n+00004d40: 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 e are.currently \n+00004d50: 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f 7761 7264 7320 working towards \n+00004d60: 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 6173 652e 0a0a a 2.0 release...\n+00004d70: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 696e If you are in\n+00004d80: 7465 7265 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 terested in the \n+00004d90: 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 6f66 2047 development of G\n+00004da0: 5255 4220 322c 2074 616b 6520 6120 6c6f RUB 2, take a lo\n+00004db0: 6f6b 2061 740a 7468 6520 686f 6d65 7061 ok at.the homepa\n+00004dc0: 6765 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 ge (http://www.g\n+00004dd0: 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 652f nu.org/software/\n+00004de0: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6874 6d6c 292e grub/grub.html).\n+00004df0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00004e00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7079 nfo, Node: Copy\n+00004e10: 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c ing This Manual,\n+00004e20: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 6465 782c 2020 Next: Index, \n+00004e30: 5072 6576 3a20 4675 7475 7265 2c20 2055 Prev: Future, U\n+00004e40: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 p: Top..Appendix\n+00004e50: 2044 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 D Copying This \n+00004e60: 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Manual.*********\n 00004e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004e80: 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ***..* Menu:..* \n-00004e90: 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e GNU Free Documen\n-00004ea0: 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 3a3a tation License::\n-00004eb0: 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 666f 7220 636f License for co\n-00004ec0: 7079 696e 6720 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 pying this manua\n-00004ed0: 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 l.....File: grub\n-00004ee0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e .info, Node: GN\n-00004ef0: 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 U Free Documenta\n-00004f00: 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 2055 tion License, U\n-00004f10: 703a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 p: Copying This \n-00004f20: 4d61 6e75 616c 0a0a 442e 3120 474e 5520 Manual..D.1 GNU \n-00004f30: 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 Free Documentati\n-00004f40: 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d on License.=====\n+00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a *****..* Menu:..\n+00004e90: 2a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d * GNU Free Docum\n+00004ea0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n+00004eb0: 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 666f 7220 :: License for \n+00004ec0: 636f 7079 696e 6720 7468 6973 206d 616e copying this man\n+00004ed0: 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ual.....File: gr\n+00004ee0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00004ef0: 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e GNU Free Documen\n+00004f00: 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 tation License, \n+00004f10: 2055 703a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 Up: Copying Thi\n+00004f20: 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a0a 442e 3120 474e s Manual..D.1 GN\n+00004f30: 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 U Free Documenta\n+00004f40: 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 0a3d 3d3d tion License.===\n 00004f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a20 =============.. \n-00004f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00004f80: 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 Version 1.2\n-00004f90: 2c20 4e6f 7665 6d62 6572 2032 3030 320a , November 2002.\n-00004fa0: 0a20 2020 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 . Copyright \n-00004fb0: c2a9 2032 3030 302c 3230 3031 2c32 3030 .. 2000,2001,200\n-00004fc0: 3220 4672 6565 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 2 Free Software \n-00004fd0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e Foundation, Inc.\n-00004fe0: 0a20 2020 2020 3531 2046 7261 6e6b 6c69 . 51 Frankli\n-00004ff0: 6e20 5374 2c20 4669 6674 6820 466c 6f6f n St, Fifth Floo\n-00005000: 722c 2042 6f73 746f 6e2c 204d 4120 2030 r, Boston, MA 0\n-00005010: 3231 3130 2d31 3330 312c 2055 5341 0a0a 2110-1301, USA..\n-00005020: 2020 2020 2045 7665 7279 6f6e 6520 6973 Everyone is\n-00005030: 2070 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2074 6f20 636f permitted to co\n-00005040: 7079 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 py and distribut\n-00005050: 6520 7665 7262 6174 696d 2063 6f70 6965 e verbatim copie\n-00005060: 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 206c s. of this l\n-00005070: 6963 656e 7365 2064 6f63 756d 656e 742c icense document,\n-00005080: 2062 7574 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 6974 but changing it\n-00005090: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 642e is not allowed.\n-000050a0: 0a0a 2020 302e 2050 5245 414d 424c 450a .. 0. PREAMBLE.\n-000050b0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7075 7270 6f73 . The purpos\n-000050c0: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 e of this Licens\n-000050d0: 6520 6973 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 206d e is to make a m\n-000050e0: 616e 7561 6c2c 2074 6578 7462 6f6f 6b2c anual, textbook,\n-000050f0: 206f 7220 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 2066 or other. f\n-00005100: 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7573 unctional and us\n-00005110: 6566 756c 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 e280 eful document ..\n-00005120: 9c66 7265 65e2 809d 2069 6e20 7468 6520 .free... in the \n-00005130: 7365 6e73 6520 6f66 2066 7265 6564 6f6d sense of freedom\n-00005140: 3a20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6173 7375 7265 : to. assure\n-00005150: 2065 7665 7279 6f6e 6520 7468 6520 6566 everyone the ef\n-00005160: 6665 6374 6976 6520 6672 6565 646f 6d20 fective freedom \n-00005170: 746f 2063 6f70 7920 616e 6420 7265 6469 to copy and redi\n-00005180: 7374 7269 6275 7465 2069 742c 0a20 2020 stribute it,. \n-00005190: 2020 7769 7468 206f 7220 7769 7468 6f75 with or withou\n-000051a0: 7420 6d6f 6469 6679 696e 6720 6974 2c20 t modifying it, \n-000051b0: 6569 7468 6572 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 either commercia\n-000051c0: 6c6c 7920 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e63 lly or. nonc\n-000051d0: 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c6c 792e 2020 5365 ommercially. Se\n-000051e0: 636f 6e64 6172 696c 792c 2074 6869 7320 condarily, this \n-000051f0: 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 7072 6573 6572 7665 License preserve\n-00005200: 7320 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 s for the. a\n-00005210: 7574 686f 7220 616e 6420 7075 626c 6973 uthor and publis\n-00005220: 6865 7220 6120 7761 7920 746f 2067 6574 her a way to get\n-00005230: 2063 7265 6469 7420 666f 7220 7468 6569 credit for thei\n-00005240: 7220 776f 726b 2c20 7768 696c 6520 6e6f r work, while no\n-00005250: 740a 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2063 6f6e t. being con\n-00005260: 7369 6465 7265 6420 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 sidered responsi\n-00005270: 626c 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 ble for modifica\n-00005280: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7920 6f74 tions made by ot\n-00005290: 6865 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 hers... This\n-000052a0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 6120 6b69 License is a ki\n-000052b0: 6e64 206f 6620 2263 6f70 796c 6566 7422 nd of \"copyleft\"\n-000052c0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d65 616e 7320 7468 , which means th\n-000052d0: 6174 2064 6572 6976 6174 6976 650a 2020 at derivative. \n-000052e0: 2020 2077 6f72 6b73 206f 6620 7468 6520 works of the \n-000052f0: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d 7573 7420 7468 document must th\n-00005300: 656d 7365 6c76 6573 2062 6520 6672 6565 emselves be free\n-00005310: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2073 656e in the same sen\n-00005320: 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 636f 6d70 se.. It comp\n-00005330: 6c65 6d65 6e74 7320 7468 6520 474e 5520 lements the GNU \n-00005340: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 5075 626c 6963 204c General Public L\n-00005350: 6963 656e 7365 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 icense, which is\n-00005360: 2061 2063 6f70 796c 6566 740a 2020 2020 a copyleft. \n-00005370: 206c 6963 656e 7365 2064 6573 6967 6e65 license designe\n-00005380: 6420 666f 7220 6672 6565 2073 6f66 7477 d for free softw\n-00005390: 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6520 6861 are... We ha\n-000053a0: 7665 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 7468 6973 ve designed this\n-000053b0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 License in orde\n-000053c0: 7220 746f 2075 7365 2069 7420 666f 7220 r to use it for \n-000053d0: 6d61 6e75 616c 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 manuals for. \n-000053e0: 2066 7265 6520 736f 6674 7761 7265 2c20 free software, \n-000053f0: 6265 6361 7573 6520 6672 6565 2073 6f66 because free sof\n-00005400: 7477 6172 6520 6e65 6564 7320 6672 6565 tware needs free\n-00005410: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 3a20 documentation: \n-00005420: 610a 2020 2020 2066 7265 6520 7072 6f67 a. free prog\n-00005430: 7261 6d20 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f6d 6520 ram should come \n-00005440: 7769 7468 206d 616e 7561 6c73 2070 726f with manuals pro\n-00005450: 7669 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 viding the same \n-00005460: 6672 6565 646f 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 7468 freedoms. th\n-00005470: 6174 2074 6865 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 at the software \n-00005480: 646f 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2074 6869 7320 does. But this \n-00005490: 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 206e 6f74 206c License is not l\n-000054a0: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 imited to. s\n-000054b0: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6d61 6e75 616c 733b oftware manuals;\n-000054c0: 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 it can be used \n-000054d0: 666f 7220 616e 7920 7465 7874 7561 6c20 for any textual \n-000054e0: 776f 726b 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 7373 work, regardless\n-000054f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2073 7562 6a65 6374 . of subject\n-00005500: 206d 6174 7465 7220 6f72 2077 6865 7468 matter or wheth\n-00005510: 6572 2069 7420 6973 2070 7562 6c69 7368 er it is publish\n-00005520: 6564 2061 7320 6120 7072 696e 7465 6420 ed as a printed \n-00005530: 626f 6f6b 2e20 2057 650a 2020 2020 2072 book. We. r\n-00005540: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6869 7320 4c69 ecommend this Li\n-00005550: 6365 6e73 6520 7072 696e 6369 7061 6c6c cense principall\n-00005560: 7920 666f 7220 776f 726b 7320 7768 6f73 y for works whos\n-00005570: 6520 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6973 0a20 2020 e purpose is. \n-00005580: 2020 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e20 6f72 instruction or\n-00005590: 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 2e0a 0a20 2031 reference... 1\n-000055a0: 2e20 4150 504c 4943 4142 494c 4954 5920 . APPLICABILITY \n-000055b0: 414e 4420 4445 4649 4e49 5449 4f4e 530a AND DEFINITIONS.\n-000055c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 204c 6963 656e . This Licen\n-000055d0: 7365 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 616e se applies to an\n-000055e0: 7920 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 y manual or othe\n-000055f0: 7220 776f 726b 2c20 696e 2061 6e79 206d r work, in any m\n-00005600: 6564 6975 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 edium,. that\n-00005610: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 6120 6e6f 7469 contains a noti\n-00005620: 6365 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6279 2074 6865 ce placed by the\n-00005630: 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 2068 6f6c 6465 copyright holde\n-00005640: 7220 7361 7969 6e67 2069 7420 6361 6e0a r saying it can.\n-00005650: 2020 2020 2062 6520 6469 7374 7269 6275 be distribu\n-00005660: 7465 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 7465 ted under the te\n-00005670: 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 rms of this Lice\n-00005680: 6e73 652e 2020 5375 6368 2061 206e 6f74 nse. Such a not\n-00005690: 6963 650a 2020 2020 2067 7261 6e74 7320 ice. grants \n-000056a0: 6120 776f 726c 642d 7769 6465 2c20 726f a world-wide, ro\n-000056b0: 7961 6c74 792d 6672 6565 206c 6963 656e yalty-free licen\n-000056c0: 7365 2c20 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 696e se, unlimited in\n-000056d0: 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 0a20 2020 2020 duration,. \n-000056e0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6861 7420 776f 726b to use that work\n-000056f0: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6469 under the condi\n-00005700: 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6174 6564 2068 6572 tions stated her\n-00005710: 6569 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2022 ein. The. \"\n-00005720: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 222c 2062 656c 6f77 Document\", below\n-00005730: 2c20 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 616e 7920 , refers to any \n-00005740: 7375 6368 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f72 2077 such manual or w\n-00005750: 6f72 6b2e 2020 416e 7920 6d65 6d62 6572 ork. Any member\n-00005760: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 2070 7562 . of the pub\n-00005770: 6c69 6320 6973 2061 206c 6963 656e 7365 lic is a license\n-00005780: 652c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6164 6472 6573 e, and is addres\n-00005790: 7365 6420 6173 2022 796f 7522 2e20 2059 sed as \"you\". Y\n-000057a0: 6f75 2061 6363 6570 740a 2020 2020 2074 ou accept. t\n-000057b0: 6865 206c 6963 656e 7365 2069 6620 796f he license if yo\n-000057c0: 7520 636f 7079 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 206f u copy, modify o\n-000057d0: 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2074 6865 r distribute the\n-000057e0: 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 2061 2077 6179 0a20 work in a way. \n-000057f0: 2020 2020 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 7065 requiring pe\n-00005800: 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2075 6e64 6572 2063 rmission under c\n-00005810: 6f70 7972 6967 6874 206c 6177 2e0a 0a20 opyright law... \n-00005820: 2020 2020 4120 224d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 A \"Modified \n-00005830: 5665 7273 696f 6e22 206f 6620 7468 6520 Version\" of the \n-00005840: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d 6561 6e73 2061 Document means a\n-00005850: 6e79 2077 6f72 6b20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 ny work containi\n-00005860: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 446f 6375 ng the. Docu\n-00005870: 6d65 6e74 206f 7220 6120 706f 7274 696f ment or a portio\n-00005880: 6e20 6f66 2069 742c 2065 6974 6865 7220 n of it, either \n-00005890: 636f 7069 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d2c copied verbatim,\n-000058a0: 206f 7220 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f or with. mo\n-000058b0: 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 642f difications and/\n-000058c0: 6f72 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 6420 696e or translated in\n-000058d0: 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206c 616e 6775 to another langu\n-000058e0: 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 5365 age... A \"Se\n-000058f0: 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e22 condary Section\"\n-00005900: 2069 7320 6120 6e61 6d65 6420 6170 7065 is a named appe\n-00005910: 6e64 6978 206f 7220 6120 6672 6f6e 742d ndix or a front-\n-00005920: 6d61 7474 6572 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 0a20 matter section. \n-00005930: 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d of the Docum\n-00005940: 656e 7420 7468 6174 2064 6561 6c73 2065 ent that deals e\n-00005950: 7863 6c75 7369 7665 6c79 2077 6974 6820 xclusively with \n-00005960: 7468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 6f6e 7368 6970 the relationship\n-00005970: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 7562 of the. pub\n-00005980: 6c69 7368 6572 7320 6f72 2061 7574 686f lishers or autho\n-00005990: 7273 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 rs of the Docume\n-000059a0: 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 nt to the Docume\n-000059b0: 6e74 2773 206f 7665 7261 6c6c 0a20 2020 nt's overall. \n-000059c0: 2020 7375 626a 6563 7420 286f 7220 746f subject (or to\n-000059d0: 2072 656c 6174 6564 206d 6174 7465 7273 related matters\n-000059e0: 2920 616e 6420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 206e ) and contains n\n-000059f0: 6f74 6869 6e67 2074 6861 7420 636f 756c othing that coul\n-00005a00: 640a 2020 2020 2066 616c 6c20 6469 7265 d. fall dire\n-00005a10: 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6174 ctly within that\n-00005a20: 206f 7665 7261 6c6c 2073 7562 6a65 6374 overall subject\n-00005a30: 2e20 2028 5468 7573 2c20 6966 2074 6865 . (Thus, if the\n-00005a40: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2069 Document. i\n-00005a50: 7320 696e 2070 6172 7420 6120 7465 7874 s in part a text\n-00005a60: 626f 6f6b 206f 6620 6d61 7468 656d 6174 book of mathemat\n-00005a70: 6963 732c 2061 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 ics, a Secondary\n-00005a80: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 206e 6f74 Section may not\n-00005a90: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6169 6e20 616e . explain an\n-00005aa0: 7920 6d61 7468 656d 6174 6963 732e 2920 y mathematics.) \n-00005ab0: 2054 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f 6e73 6869 The relationshi\n-00005ac0: 7020 636f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206d 6174 p could be a mat\n-00005ad0: 7465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 6869 7374 ter of. hist\n-00005ae0: 6f72 6963 616c 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 696f orical connectio\n-00005af0: 6e20 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 7562 6a65 n with the subje\n-00005b00: 6374 206f 7220 7769 7468 2072 656c 6174 ct or with relat\n-00005b10: 6564 206d 6174 7465 7273 2c20 6f72 0a20 ed matters, or. \n-00005b20: 2020 2020 6f66 206c 6567 616c 2c20 636f of legal, co\n-00005b30: 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 2c20 7068 696c 6f73 mmercial, philos\n-00005b40: 6f70 6869 6361 6c2c 2065 7468 6963 616c ophical, ethical\n-00005b50: 206f 7220 706f 6c69 7469 6361 6c20 706f or political po\n-00005b60: 7369 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6761 sition. rega\n-00005b70: 7264 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 rding them... \n-00005b80: 2020 5468 6520 2249 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 The \"Invariant\n-00005b90: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7322 2061 7265 2063 Sections\" are c\n-00005ba0: 6572 7461 696e 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 ertain Secondary\n-00005bb0: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 7768 6f73 650a Sections whose.\n-00005bc0: 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6172 6520 titles are \n-00005bd0: 6465 7369 676e 6174 6564 2c20 6173 2062 designated, as b\n-00005be0: 6569 6e67 2074 686f 7365 206f 6620 496e eing those of In\n-00005bf0: 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 variant Sections\n-00005c00: 2c20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f , in the. no\n-00005c10: 7469 6365 2074 6861 7420 7361 7973 2074 tice that says t\n-00005c20: 6861 7420 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 hat the Document\n-00005c30: 2069 7320 7265 6c65 6173 6564 2075 6e64 is released und\n-00005c40: 6572 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652e er this License.\n-00005c50: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2073 6563 7469 . If a secti\n-00005c60: 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6669 7420 on does not fit \n-00005c70: 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6465 6669 6e69 the above defini\n-00005c80: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 5365 636f 6e64 6172 tion of Secondar\n-00005c90: 7920 7468 656e 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 y then it. i\n-00005ca0: 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f s not allowed to\n-00005cb0: 2062 6520 6465 7369 676e 6174 6564 2061 be designated a\n-00005cc0: 7320 496e 7661 7269 616e 742e 2020 5468 s Invariant. Th\n-00005cd0: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d 6179 0a20 e Document may. \n-00005ce0: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 7a65 726f contain zero\n-00005cf0: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n-00005d00: 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2044 6f63 ons. If the Doc\n-00005d10: 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 ument does not i\n-00005d20: 6465 6e74 6966 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e79 dentify. any\n-00005d30: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n-00005d40: 6f6e 7320 7468 656e 2074 6865 7265 2061 ons then there a\n-00005d50: 7265 206e 6f6e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 re none... T\n-00005d60: 6865 2022 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 7322 he \"Cover Texts\"\n-00005d70: 2061 7265 2063 6572 7461 696e 2073 686f are certain sho\n-00005d80: 7274 2070 6173 7361 6765 7320 6f66 2074 rt passages of t\n-00005d90: 6578 7420 7468 6174 2061 7265 0a20 2020 ext that are. \n-00005da0: 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2c20 6173 2046 726f listed, as Fro\n-00005db0: 6e74 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 206f nt-Cover Texts o\n-00005dc0: 7220 4261 636b 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 r Back-Cover Tex\n-00005dd0: 7473 2c20 696e 2074 6865 206e 6f74 6963 ts, in the notic\n-00005de0: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7361 7973 e. that says\n-00005df0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 that the Docume\n-00005e00: 6e74 2069 7320 7265 6c65 6173 6564 2075 nt is released u\n-00005e10: 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 nder this Licens\n-00005e20: 652e 2020 410a 2020 2020 2046 726f 6e74 e. A. Front\n-00005e30: 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7420 6d61 7920 -Cover Text may \n-00005e40: 6265 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2035 2077 6f72 be at most 5 wor\n-00005e50: 6473 2c20 616e 6420 6120 4261 636b 2d43 ds, and a Back-C\n-00005e60: 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7420 6d61 790a 2020 over Text may. \n-00005e70: 2020 2062 6520 6174 206d 6f73 7420 3235 be at most 25\n-00005e80: 2077 6f72 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 words... A \n-00005e90: 2254 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2220 636f \"Transparent\" co\n-00005ea0: 7079 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 py of the Docume\n-00005eb0: 6e74 206d 6561 6e73 2061 206d 6163 6869 nt means a machi\n-00005ec0: 6e65 2d72 6561 6461 626c 6520 636f 7079 ne-readable copy\n-00005ed0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 ,. represent\n-00005ee0: 6564 2069 6e20 6120 666f 726d 6174 2077 ed in a format w\n-00005ef0: 686f 7365 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 hose specificati\n-00005f00: 6f6e 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 on is available \n-00005f10: 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6765 6e65 to the. gene\n-00005f20: 7261 6c20 7075 626c 6963 2c20 7468 6174 ral public, that\n-00005f30: 2069 7320 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 is suitable for\n-00005f40: 2072 6576 6973 696e 6720 7468 6520 646f revising the do\n-00005f50: 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7261 cument. stra\n-00005f60: 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 646c 7920 7769 ightforwardly wi\n-00005f70: 7468 2067 656e 6572 6963 2074 6578 7420 th generic text \n-00005f80: 6564 6974 6f72 7320 6f72 2028 666f 7220 editors or (for \n-00005f90: 696d 6167 6573 2063 6f6d 706f 7365 640a images composed.\n-00005fa0: 2020 2020 206f 6620 7069 7865 6c73 2920 of pixels) \n-00005fb0: 6765 6e65 7269 6320 7061 696e 7420 7072 generic paint pr\n-00005fc0: 6f67 7261 6d73 206f 7220 2866 6f72 2064 ograms or (for d\n-00005fd0: 7261 7769 6e67 7329 2073 6f6d 6520 7769 rawings) some wi\n-00005fe0: 6465 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 dely. availa\n-00005ff0: 626c 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 6564 6974 ble drawing edit\n-00006000: 6f72 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6174 2069 7320 or, and that is \n-00006010: 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 suitable for inp\n-00006020: 7574 2074 6f20 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 ut to text. \n-00006030: 666f 726d 6174 7465 7273 206f 7220 666f formatters or fo\n-00006040: 7220 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 7472 616e r automatic tran\n-00006050: 736c 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2061 2076 6172 slation to a var\n-00006060: 6965 7479 206f 6620 666f 726d 6174 730a iety of formats.\n-00006070: 2020 2020 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f suitable fo\n-00006080: 7220 696e 7075 7420 746f 2074 6578 7420 r input to text \n-00006090: 666f 726d 6174 7465 7273 2e20 2041 2063 formatters. A c\n-000060a0: 6f70 7920 6d61 6465 2069 6e20 616e 206f opy made in an o\n-000060b0: 7468 6572 7769 7365 0a20 2020 2020 5472 therwise. Tr\n-000060c0: 616e 7370 6172 656e 7420 6669 6c65 2066 ansparent file f\n-000060d0: 6f72 6d61 7420 7768 6f73 6520 6d61 726b ormat whose mark\n-000060e0: 7570 2c20 6f72 2061 6273 656e 6365 206f up, or absence o\n-000060f0: 6620 6d61 726b 7570 2c20 6861 730a 2020 f markup, has. \n-00006100: 2020 2062 6565 6e20 6172 7261 6e67 6564 been arranged\n-00006110: 2074 6f20 7468 7761 7274 206f 7220 6469 to thwart or di\n-00006120: 7363 6f75 7261 6765 2073 7562 7365 7175 scourage subsequ\n-00006130: 656e 7420 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ent modification\n-00006140: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2072 6561 6465 7273 by. readers\n-00006150: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 5472 616e 7370 6172 is not Transpar\n-00006160: 656e 742e 2020 416e 2069 6d61 6765 2066 ent. An image f\n-00006170: 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2054 7261 ormat is not Tra\n-00006180: 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2069 660a 2020 2020 nsparent if. \n-00006190: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 616e 7920 7375 used for any su\n-000061a0: 6273 7461 6e74 6961 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 bstantial amount\n-000061b0: 206f 6620 7465 7874 2e20 2041 2063 6f70 of text. A cop\n-000061c0: 7920 7468 6174 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 y that is not. \n-000061d0: 2020 2022 5472 616e 7370 6172 656e 7422 \"Transparent\"\n-000061e0: 2069 7320 6361 6c6c 6564 2022 4f70 6171 is called \"Opaq\n-000061f0: 7565 222e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7861 6d70 ue\"... Examp\n-00006200: 6c65 7320 6f66 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 les of suitable \n-00006210: 666f 726d 6174 7320 666f 7220 5472 616e formats for Tran\n-00006220: 7370 6172 656e 7420 636f 7069 6573 2069 sparent copies i\n-00006230: 6e63 6c75 6465 2070 6c61 696e 0a20 2020 nclude plain. \n-00006240: 2020 4153 4349 4920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 ASCII without \n-00006250: 6d61 726b 7570 2c20 5465 7869 6e66 6f20 markup, Texinfo \n-00006260: 696e 7075 7420 666f 726d 6174 2c20 4c61 input format, La\n-00006270: 5465 5820 696e 7075 7420 666f 726d 6174 TeX input format\n-00006280: 2c0a 2020 2020 2053 474d 4c20 6f72 2058 ,. SGML or X\n-00006290: 4d4c 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2070 7562 6c69 ML using a publi\n-000062a0: 636c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 4454 cly available DT\n-000062b0: 442c 2061 6e64 2073 7461 6e64 6172 642d D, and standard-\n-000062c0: 636f 6e66 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 conforming. \n-000062d0: 7369 6d70 6c65 2048 544d 4c2c 2050 6f73 simple HTML, Pos\n-000062e0: 7453 6372 6970 7420 6f72 2050 4446 2064 tScript or PDF d\n-000062f0: 6573 6967 6e65 6420 666f 7220 6875 6d61 esigned for huma\n-00006300: 6e20 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a n modification..\n-00006310: 2020 2020 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 7320 6f66 Examples of\n-00006320: 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2069 6d61 transparent ima\n-00006330: 6765 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 2069 6e63 6c75 ge formats inclu\n-00006340: 6465 2050 4e47 2c20 5843 4620 616e 6420 de PNG, XCF and \n-00006350: 4a50 472e 0a20 2020 2020 4f70 6171 7565 JPG.. Opaque\n-00006360: 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 formats include\n-00006370: 2070 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 2066 6f72 proprietary for\n-00006380: 6d61 7473 2074 6861 7420 6361 6e20 6265 mats that can be\n-00006390: 2072 6561 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 read and. e\n-000063a0: 6469 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2062 7920 7072 dited only by pr\n-000063b0: 6f70 7269 6574 6172 7920 776f 7264 2070 oprietary word p\n-000063c0: 726f 6365 7373 6f72 732c 2053 474d 4c20 rocessors, SGML \n-000063d0: 6f72 2058 4d4c 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 or XML for which\n-000063e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 4454 4420 616e . the DTD an\n-000063f0: 642f 6f72 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 6720 d/or processing \n-00006400: 746f 6f6c 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6765 tools are not ge\n-00006410: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c nerally availabl\n-00006420: 652c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e, and. the \n-00006430: 6d61 6368 696e 652d 6765 6e65 7261 7465 machine-generate\n-00006440: 6420 4854 4d4c 2c20 506f 7374 5363 7269 d HTML, PostScri\n-00006450: 7074 206f 7220 5044 4620 7072 6f64 7563 pt or PDF produc\n-00006460: 6564 2062 7920 736f 6d65 2077 6f72 640a ed by some word.\n-00006470: 2020 2020 2070 726f 6365 7373 6f72 7320 processors \n-00006480: 666f 7220 6f75 7470 7574 2070 7572 706f for output purpo\n-00006490: 7365 7320 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ses only... \n-000064a0: 5468 6520 2254 6974 6c65 2050 6167 6522 The \"Title Page\"\n-000064b0: 206d 6561 6e73 2c20 666f 7220 6120 7072 means, for a pr\n-000064c0: 696e 7465 6420 626f 6f6b 2c20 7468 6520 inted book, the \n-000064d0: 7469 746c 6520 7061 6765 2069 7473 656c title page itsel\n-000064e0: 662c 0a20 2020 2020 706c 7573 2073 7563 f,. plus suc\n-000064f0: 6820 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7061 6765 h following page\n-00006500: 7320 6173 2061 7265 206e 6565 6465 6420 s as are needed \n-00006510: 746f 2068 6f6c 642c 206c 6567 6962 6c79 to hold, legibly\n-00006520: 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6174 6572 , the. mater\n-00006530: 6961 6c20 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 ial this License\n-00006540: 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 746f 2061 7070 requires to app\n-00006550: 6561 7220 696e 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 ear in the title\n-00006560: 2070 6167 652e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 page. For. \n-00006570: 2077 6f72 6b73 2069 6e20 666f 726d 6174 works in format\n-00006580: 7320 7768 6963 6820 646f 206e 6f74 2068 s which do not h\n-00006590: 6176 6520 616e 7920 7469 746c 6520 7061 ave any title pa\n-000065a0: 6765 2061 7320 7375 6368 2c20 2254 6974 ge as such, \"Tit\n-000065b0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5061 6765 2220 6d65 le. Page\" me\n-000065c0: 616e 7320 7468 6520 7465 7874 206e 6561 ans the text nea\n-000065d0: 7220 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2070 726f 6d69 r the most promi\n-000065e0: 6e65 6e74 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 nent appearance \n-000065f0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b of the. work\n-00006600: 2773 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 7072 6563 6564 's title, preced\n-00006610: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6265 6769 6e6e 696e ing the beginnin\n-00006620: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f64 7920 6f66 g of the body of\n-00006630: 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 the text... \n-00006640: 2041 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2022 456e 7469 A section \"Enti\n-00006650: 746c 6564 2058 595a 2220 6d65 616e 7320 tled XYZ\" means \n-00006660: 6120 6e61 6d65 6420 7375 6275 6e69 7420 a named subunit \n-00006670: 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a of the Document.\n-00006680: 2020 2020 2077 686f 7365 2074 6974 6c65 whose title\n-00006690: 2065 6974 6865 7220 6973 2070 7265 6369 either is preci\n-000066a0: 7365 6c79 2058 595a 206f 7220 636f 6e74 sely XYZ or cont\n-000066b0: 6169 6e73 2058 595a 2069 6e20 7061 7265 ains XYZ in pare\n-000066c0: 6e74 6865 7365 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c ntheses. fol\n-000066d0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6578 7420 7468 6174 lowing text that\n-000066e0: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 7320 5859 5a20 translates XYZ \n-000066f0: 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206c 616e 6775 in another langu\n-00006700: 6167 652e 2020 2848 6572 6520 5859 5a0a age. (Here XYZ.\n-00006710: 2020 2020 2073 7461 6e64 7320 666f 7220 stands for \n-00006720: 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 6563 7469 a specific secti\n-00006730: 6f6e 206e 616d 6520 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 on name mentione\n-00006740: 6420 6265 6c6f 772c 2073 7563 6820 6173 d below, such as\n-00006750: 0a20 2020 2020 2241 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 . \"Acknowled\n-00006760: 6765 6d65 6e74 7322 2c20 2244 6564 6963 gements\", \"Dedic\n-00006770: 6174 696f 6e73 222c 2022 456e 646f 7273 ations\", \"Endors\n-00006780: 656d 656e 7473 222c 206f 7220 2248 6973 ements\", or \"His\n-00006790: 746f 7279 222e 290a 2020 2020 2054 6f20 tory\".). To \n-000067a0: 2250 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 5469 \"Preserve the Ti\n-000067b0: 746c 6522 206f 6620 7375 6368 2061 2073 tle\" of such a s\n-000067c0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 ection when you \n-000067d0: 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 modify the. \n-000067e0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d 6561 6e73 2074 Document means t\n-000067f0: 6861 7420 6974 2072 656d 6169 6e73 2061 hat it remains a\n-00006800: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2022 456e 7469 746c section \"Entitl\n-00006810: 6564 2058 595a 2220 6163 636f 7264 696e ed XYZ\" accordin\n-00006820: 670a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7468 6973 2064 g. to this d\n-00006830: 6566 696e 6974 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 efinition... \n-00006840: 2054 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d61 The Document ma\n-00006850: 7920 696e 636c 7564 6520 5761 7272 616e y include Warran\n-00006860: 7479 2044 6973 636c 6169 6d65 7273 206e ty Disclaimers n\n-00006870: 6578 7420 746f 2074 6865 206e 6f74 6963 ext to the notic\n-00006880: 650a 2020 2020 2077 6869 6368 2073 7461 e. which sta\n-00006890: 7465 7320 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 4c69 tes that this Li\n-000068a0: 6365 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f cense applies to\n-000068b0: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742e 2020 the Document. \n-000068c0: 5468 6573 650a 2020 2020 2057 6172 7261 These. Warra\n-000068d0: 6e74 7920 4469 7363 6c61 696d 6572 7320 nty Disclaimers \n-000068e0: 6172 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 are considered t\n-000068f0: 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 6279 o be included by\n-00006900: 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 2069 6e0a 2020 reference in. \n-00006910: 2020 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c this License,\n-00006920: 2062 7574 206f 6e6c 7920 6173 2072 6567 but only as reg\n-00006930: 6172 6473 2064 6973 636c 6169 6d69 6e67 ards disclaiming\n-00006940: 2077 6172 7261 6e74 6965 733a 2061 6e79 warranties: any\n-00006950: 206f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 696d 706c other. impl\n-00006960: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2074 6865 ication that the\n-00006970: 7365 2057 6172 7261 6e74 7920 4469 7363 se Warranty Disc\n-00006980: 6c61 696d 6572 7320 6d61 7920 6861 7665 laimers may have\n-00006990: 2069 7320 766f 6964 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 is void and. \n-000069a0: 2020 6861 7320 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 7420 has no effect \n-000069b0: 6f6e 2074 6865 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 206f on the meaning o\n-000069c0: 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e0a f this License..\n-000069d0: 0a20 2032 2e20 5645 5242 4154 494d 2043 . 2. VERBATIM C\n-000069e0: 4f50 5949 4e47 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 6f75 OPYING.. You\n-000069f0: 206d 6179 2063 6f70 7920 616e 6420 6469 may copy and di\n-00006a00: 7374 7269 6275 7465 2074 6865 2044 6f63 stribute the Doc\n-00006a10: 756d 656e 7420 696e 2061 6e79 206d 6564 ument in any med\n-00006a20: 6975 6d2c 2065 6974 6865 720a 2020 2020 ium, either. \n-00006a30: 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c6c 7920 6f72 commercially or\n-00006a40: 206e 6f6e 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 6c79 noncommercially\n-00006a50: 2c20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2074 6861 7420 , provided that \n-00006a60: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 7468 this License, th\n-00006a70: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 e. copyright\n-00006a80: 206e 6f74 6963 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 notices, and th\n-00006a90: 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6e6f 7469 6365 e license notice\n-00006aa0: 2073 6179 696e 6720 7468 6973 204c 6963 saying this Lic\n-00006ab0: 656e 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6170 706c 6965 ense. applie\n-00006ac0: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e s to the Documen\n-00006ad0: 7420 6172 6520 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6564 t are reproduced\n-00006ae0: 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 636f 7069 6573 2c20 in all copies, \n-00006af0: 616e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 and that you. \n-00006b00: 2020 6164 6420 6e6f 206f 7468 6572 2063 add no other c\n-00006b10: 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 7768 6174 736f onditions whatso\n-00006b20: 6576 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 ever to those of\n-00006b30: 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 2020 this License. \n-00006b40: 596f 750a 2020 2020 206d 6179 206e 6f74 You. may not\n-00006b50: 2075 7365 2074 6563 686e 6963 616c 206d use technical m\n-00006b60: 6561 7375 7265 7320 746f 206f 6273 7472 easures to obstr\n-00006b70: 7563 7420 6f72 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2074 uct or control t\n-00006b80: 6865 2072 6561 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 he reading. \n-00006b90: 6f72 2066 7572 7468 6572 2063 6f70 7969 or further copyi\n-00006ba0: 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7069 6573 ng of the copies\n-00006bb0: 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6f72 2064 6973 you make or dis\n-00006bc0: 7472 6962 7574 652e 2020 486f 7765 7665 tribute. Howeve\n-00006bd0: 722c 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 6d61 7920 r,. you may \n-00006be0: 6163 6365 7074 2063 6f6d 7065 6e73 6174 accept compensat\n-00006bf0: 696f 6e20 696e 2065 7863 6861 6e67 6520 ion in exchange \n-00006c00: 666f 7220 636f 7069 6573 2e20 2049 6620 for copies. If \n-00006c10: 796f 750a 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 6962 you. distrib\n-00006c20: 7574 6520 6120 6c61 7267 6520 656e 6f75 ute a large enou\n-00006c30: 6768 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f70 gh number of cop\n-00006c40: 6965 7320 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2061 6c73 ies you must als\n-00006c50: 6f20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 0a20 2020 o follow the. \n-00006c60: 2020 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 conditions in \n-00006c70: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 332e 0a0a 2020 2020 section 3... \n-00006c80: 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2061 6c73 6f20 6c65 You may also le\n-00006c90: 6e64 2063 6f70 6965 732c 2075 6e64 6572 nd copies, under\n-00006ca0: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e64 6974 the same condit\n-00006cb0: 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 6420 6162 6f76 ions stated abov\n-00006cc0: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 796f 7520 e,. and you \n-00006cd0: 6d61 7920 7075 626c 6963 6c79 2064 6973 may publicly dis\n-00006ce0: 706c 6179 2063 6f70 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 play copies... \n-00006cf0: 332e 2043 4f50 5949 4e47 2049 4e20 5155 3. COPYING IN QU\n-00006d00: 414e 5449 5459 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 ANTITY.. If \n-00006d10: 796f 7520 7075 626c 6973 6820 7072 696e you publish prin\n-00006d20: 7465 6420 636f 7069 6573 2028 6f72 2063 ted copies (or c\n-00006d30: 6f70 6965 7320 696e 206d 6564 6961 2074 opies in media t\n-00006d40: 6861 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 hat commonly. \n-00006d50: 2020 6861 7665 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2063 have printed c\n-00006d60: 6f76 6572 7329 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f overs) of the Do\n-00006d70: 6375 6d65 6e74 2c20 6e75 6d62 6572 696e cument, numberin\n-00006d80: 6720 6d6f 7265 2074 6861 6e20 3130 302c g more than 100,\n-00006d90: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 446f and. the Do\n-00006da0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2773 206c 6963 656e 7365 cument's license\n-00006db0: 206e 6f74 6963 6520 7265 7175 6972 6573 notice requires\n-00006dc0: 2043 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 2c20 796f Cover Texts, yo\n-00006dd0: 7520 6d75 7374 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636c u must. encl\n-00006de0: 6f73 6520 7468 6520 636f 7069 6573 2069 ose the copies i\n-00006df0: 6e20 636f 7665 7273 2074 6861 7420 6361 n covers that ca\n-00006e00: 7272 792c 2063 6c65 6172 6c79 2061 6e64 rry, clearly and\n-00006e10: 206c 6567 6962 6c79 2c20 616c 6c0a 2020 legibly, all. \n-00006e20: 2020 2074 6865 7365 2043 6f76 6572 2054 these Cover T\n-00006e30: 6578 7473 3a20 4672 6f6e 742d 436f 7665 exts: Front-Cove\n-00006e40: 7220 5465 7874 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 r Texts on the f\n-00006e50: 726f 6e74 2063 6f76 6572 2c20 616e 640a ront cover, and.\n-00006e60: 2020 2020 2042 6163 6b2d 436f 7665 7220 Back-Cover \n-00006e70: 5465 7874 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 6163 Texts on the bac\n-00006e80: 6b20 636f 7665 722e 2020 426f 7468 2063 k cover. Both c\n-00006e90: 6f76 6572 7320 6d75 7374 2061 6c73 6f20 overs must also \n-00006ea0: 636c 6561 726c 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 clearly. and\n-00006eb0: 206c 6567 6962 6c79 2069 6465 6e74 6966 legibly identif\n-00006ec0: 7920 796f 7520 6173 2074 6865 2070 7562 y you as the pub\n-00006ed0: 6c69 7368 6572 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 lisher of these \n-00006ee0: 636f 7069 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 copies. The. \n-00006ef0: 2020 6672 6f6e 7420 636f 7665 7220 6d75 front cover mu\n-00006f00: 7374 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2074 6865 2066 st present the f\n-00006f10: 756c 6c20 7469 746c 6520 7769 7468 2061 ull title with a\n-00006f20: 6c6c 2077 6f72 6473 206f 6620 7468 6520 ll words of the \n-00006f30: 7469 746c 650a 2020 2020 2065 7175 616c title. equal\n-00006f40: 6c79 2070 726f 6d69 6e65 6e74 2061 6e64 ly prominent and\n-00006f50: 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2e20 2059 6f75 206d visible. You m\n-00006f60: 6179 2061 6464 206f 7468 6572 206d 6174 ay add other mat\n-00006f70: 6572 6961 6c20 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 erial on the. \n-00006f80: 2020 636f 7665 7273 2069 6e20 6164 6469 covers in addi\n-00006f90: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2077 tion. Copying w\n-00006fa0: 6974 6820 6368 616e 6765 7320 6c69 6d69 ith changes limi\n-00006fb0: 7465 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f76 6572 ted to the cover\n-00006fc0: 732c 2061 730a 2020 2020 206c 6f6e 6720 s, as. long \n-00006fd0: 6173 2074 6865 7920 7072 6573 6572 7665 as they preserve\n-00006fe0: 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 7468 the title of th\n-00006ff0: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2061 6e64 2073 e Document and s\n-00007000: 6174 6973 6679 2074 6865 7365 0a20 2020 atisfy these. \n-00007010: 2020 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2c20 6361 conditions, ca\n-00007020: 6e20 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 n be treated as \n-00007030: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2063 6f70 7969 6e67 verbatim copying\n-00007040: 2069 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 7265 7370 6563 in other respec\n-00007050: 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 ts... If the\n-00007060: 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 7465 7874 7320 required texts \n-00007070: 666f 7220 6569 7468 6572 2063 6f76 6572 for either cover\n-00007080: 2061 7265 2074 6f6f 2076 6f6c 756d 696e are too volumin\n-00007090: 6f75 7320 746f 2066 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ous to fit. \n-000070a0: 6c65 6769 626c 792c 2079 6f75 2073 686f legibly, you sho\n-000070b0: 756c 6420 7075 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 uld put the firs\n-000070c0: 7420 6f6e 6573 206c 6973 7465 6420 2861 t ones listed (a\n-000070d0: 7320 6d61 6e79 2061 7320 6669 740a 2020 s many as fit. \n-000070e0: 2020 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 7929 206f reasonably) o\n-000070f0: 6e20 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 2063 6f76 n the actual cov\n-00007100: 6572 2c20 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e 7565 er, and continue\n-00007110: 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f6e 746f 0a20 the rest onto. \n-00007120: 2020 2020 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2070 6167 adjacent pag\n-00007130: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 es... If you\n-00007140: 2070 7562 6c69 7368 206f 7220 6469 7374 publish or dist\n-00007150: 7269 6275 7465 204f 7061 7175 6520 636f ribute Opaque co\n-00007160: 7069 6573 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 pies of the Docu\n-00007170: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 ment. number\n-00007180: 696e 6720 6d6f 7265 2074 6861 6e20 3130 ing more than 10\n-00007190: 302c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 6569 7468 0, you must eith\n-000071a0: 6572 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2061 206d 6163 er include a mac\n-000071b0: 6869 6e65 2d72 6561 6461 626c 650a 2020 hine-readable. \n-000071c0: 2020 2054 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2063 Transparent c\n-000071d0: 6f70 7920 616c 6f6e 6720 7769 7468 2065 opy along with e\n-000071e0: 6163 6820 4f70 6171 7565 2063 6f70 792c ach Opaque copy,\n-000071f0: 206f 7220 7374 6174 6520 696e 206f 7220 or state in or \n-00007200: 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6561 6368 204f with. each O\n-00007210: 7061 7175 6520 636f 7079 2061 2063 6f6d paque copy a com\n-00007220: 7075 7465 722d 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f puter-network lo\n-00007230: 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6963 cation from whic\n-00007240: 6820 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 6c0a 2020 h the general. \n-00007250: 2020 206e 6574 776f 726b 2d75 7369 6e67 network-using\n-00007260: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6861 7320 6163 6365 public has acce\n-00007270: 7373 2074 6f20 646f 776e 6c6f 6164 2075 ss to download u\n-00007280: 7369 6e67 2070 7562 6c69 632d 7374 616e sing public-stan\n-00007290: 6461 7264 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 dard. networ\n-000072a0: 6b20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 7320 6120 636f k protocols a co\n-000072b0: 6d70 6c65 7465 2054 7261 6e73 7061 7265 mplete Transpare\n-000072c0: 6e74 2063 6f70 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2044 nt copy of the D\n-000072d0: 6f63 756d 656e 742c 2066 7265 650a 2020 ocument, free. \n-000072e0: 2020 206f 6620 6164 6465 6420 6d61 7465 of added mate\n-000072f0: 7269 616c 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 rial. If you us\n-00007300: 6520 7468 6520 6c61 7474 6572 206f 7074 e the latter opt\n-00007310: 696f 6e2c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7461 ion, you must ta\n-00007320: 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 ke. reasonab\n-00007330: 6c79 2070 7275 6465 6e74 2073 7465 7073 ly prudent steps\n-00007340: 2c20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2062 6567 696e , when you begin\n-00007350: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 6f66 distribution of\n-00007360: 204f 7061 7175 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 Opaque. cop\n-00007370: 6965 7320 696e 2071 7561 6e74 6974 792c ies in quantity,\n-00007380: 2074 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 to ensure that \n-00007390: 7468 6973 2054 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 this Transparent\n-000073a0: 2063 6f70 7920 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 copy will. \n-000073b0: 7265 6d61 696e 2074 6875 7320 6163 6365 remain thus acce\n-000073c0: 7373 6962 6c65 2061 7420 7468 6520 7374 ssible at the st\n-000073d0: 6174 6564 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 756e ated location un\n-000073e0: 7469 6c20 6174 206c 6561 7374 206f 6e65 til at least one\n-000073f0: 0a20 2020 2020 7965 6172 2061 6674 6572 . year after\n-00007400: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 7469 6d65 2079 the last time y\n-00007410: 6f75 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e ou distribute an\n-00007420: 204f 7061 7175 6520 636f 7079 2028 6469 Opaque copy (di\n-00007430: 7265 6374 6c79 206f 720a 2020 2020 2074 rectly or. t\n-00007440: 6872 6f75 6768 2079 6f75 7220 6167 656e hrough your agen\n-00007450: 7473 206f 7220 7265 7461 696c 6572 7329 ts or retailers)\n-00007460: 206f 6620 7468 6174 2065 6469 7469 6f6e of that edition\n-00007470: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7075 626c 6963 2e0a to the public..\n-00007480: 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 7265 7175 . It is requ\n-00007490: 6573 7465 642c 2062 7574 206e 6f74 2072 ested, but not r\n-000074a0: 6571 7569 7265 642c 2074 6861 7420 796f equired, that yo\n-000074b0: 7520 636f 6e74 6163 7420 7468 6520 6175 u contact the au\n-000074c0: 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 thors of. th\n-000074d0: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2077 656c 6c20 e Document well \n-000074e0: 6265 666f 7265 2072 6564 6973 7472 6962 before redistrib\n-000074f0: 7574 696e 6720 616e 7920 6c61 7267 6520 uting any large \n-00007500: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f 7069 6573 number of copies\n-00007510: 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6769 7665 2074 ,. to give t\n-00007520: 6865 6d20 6120 6368 616e 6365 2074 6f20 hem a chance to \n-00007530: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 796f 7520 7769 7468 provide you with\n-00007540: 2061 6e20 7570 6461 7465 6420 7665 7273 an updated vers\n-00007550: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ion of the. \n-00007560: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2034 2e20 Document... 4. \n-00007570: 4d4f 4449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 530a 0a20 MODIFICATIONS.. \n-00007580: 2020 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 636f 7079 You may copy\n-00007590: 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 and distribute \n-000075a0: 6120 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 a Modified Versi\n-000075b0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 on of the Docume\n-000075c0: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6465 7220 7468 nt. under th\n-000075d0: 6520 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6620 e conditions of \n-000075e0: 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2032 2061 6e64 2033 sections 2 and 3\n-000075f0: 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 above, provided\n-00007600: 2074 6861 7420 796f 750a 2020 2020 2072 that you. r\n-00007610: 656c 6561 7365 2074 6865 204d 6f64 6966 elease the Modif\n-00007620: 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e20 756e 6465 ied Version unde\n-00007630: 7220 7072 6563 6973 656c 7920 7468 6973 r precisely this\n-00007640: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 7769 7468 2074 License, with t\n-00007650: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 he. Modified\n-00007660: 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2066 696c 6c69 6e67 Version filling\n-00007670: 2074 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the role of the\n-00007680: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742c 2074 6875 7320 Document, thus \n-00007690: 6c69 6365 6e73 696e 670a 2020 2020 2064 licensing. d\n-000076a0: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 616e 6420 istribution and \n-000076b0: 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 modification of \n-000076c0: 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 the Modified Ver\n-000076d0: 7369 6f6e 2074 6f20 7768 6f65 7665 720a sion to whoever.\n-000076e0: 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7365 7373 6573 2061 possesses a\n-000076f0: 2063 6f70 7920 6f66 2069 742e 2020 496e copy of it. In\n-00007700: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e2c 2079 6f75 206d addition, you m\n-00007710: 7573 7420 646f 2074 6865 7365 2074 6869 ust do these thi\n-00007720: 6e67 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ngs in. the \n-00007730: 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e Modified Version\n-00007740: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 412e 2055 7365 :.. A. Use\n-00007750: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 5469 746c 6520 5061 in the Title Pa\n-00007760: 6765 2028 616e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 ge (and on the c\n-00007770: 6f76 6572 732c 2069 6620 616e 7929 2061 overs, if any) a\n-00007780: 2074 6974 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 title. \n-00007790: 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 distinct from t\n-000077a0: 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d hat of the Docum\n-000077b0: 656e 742c 2061 6e64 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ent, and from th\n-000077c0: 6f73 6520 6f66 2070 7265 7669 6f75 730a ose of previous.\n-000077d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f versio\n-000077e0: 6e73 2028 7768 6963 6820 7368 6f75 6c64 ns (which should\n-000077f0: 2c20 6966 2074 6865 7265 2077 6572 6520 , if there were \n-00007800: 616e 792c 2062 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 any, be listed i\n-00007810: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n the. \n-00007820: 4869 7374 6f72 7920 7365 6374 696f 6e20 History section \n-00007830: 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7429 of the Document)\n-00007840: 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2075 7365 2074 . You may use t\n-00007850: 6865 2073 616d 6520 7469 746c 650a 2020 he same title. \n-00007860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6173 2061 2070 7265 as a pre\n-00007870: 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6966 vious version if\n-00007880: 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 7075 the original pu\n-00007890: 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6861 740a blisher of that.\n-000078a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f versio\n-000078b0: 6e20 6769 7665 7320 7065 726d 6973 7369 n gives permissi\n-000078c0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 422e 204c on... B. L\n-000078d0: 6973 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 2054 6974 6c65 ist on the Title\n-000078e0: 2050 6167 652c 2061 7320 6175 7468 6f72 Page, as author\n-000078f0: 732c 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2070 s, one or more p\n-00007900: 6572 736f 6e73 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 ersons or. \n-00007910: 2020 2020 656e 7469 7469 6573 2072 6573 entities res\n-00007920: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2061 7574 ponsible for aut\n-00007930: 686f 7273 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 206d horship of the m\n-00007940: 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2069 6e0a odifications in.\n-00007950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 4d6f the Mo\n-00007960: 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 dified Version, \n-00007970: 746f 6765 7468 6572 2077 6974 6820 6174 together with at\n-00007980: 206c 6561 7374 2066 6976 6520 6f66 2074 least five of t\n-00007990: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7269 he. pri\n-000079a0: 6e63 6970 616c 2061 7574 686f 7273 206f ncipal authors o\n-000079b0: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2028 f the Document (\n-000079c0: 616c 6c20 6f66 2069 7473 2070 7269 6e63 all of its princ\n-000079d0: 6970 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 ipal. a\n-000079e0: 7574 686f 7273 2c20 6966 2069 7420 6861 uthors, if it ha\n-000079f0: 7320 6665 7765 7220 7468 616e 2066 6976 s fewer than fiv\n-00007a00: 6529 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 7920 e), unless they \n-00007a10: 7265 6c65 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 release you. \n-00007a20: 2020 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 7320 from this \n-00007a30: 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 requirement... \n-00007a40: 2020 2020 2043 2e20 5374 6174 6520 6f6e C. State on\n-00007a50: 2074 6865 2054 6974 6c65 2070 6167 6520 the Title page \n-00007a60: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 the name of the \n-00007a70: 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 publisher of the\n-00007a80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f64 6966 . Modif\n-00007a90: 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e2c 2061 7320 ied Version, as \n-00007aa0: 7468 6520 7075 626c 6973 6865 722e 0a0a the publisher...\n-00007ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2044 2e20 5072 6573 6572 D. Preser\n-00007ac0: 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7972 ve all the copyr\n-00007ad0: 6967 6874 206e 6f74 6963 6573 206f 6620 ight notices of \n-00007ae0: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 the Document... \n-00007af0: 2020 2020 2020 452e 2041 6464 2061 6e20 E. Add an \n-00007b00: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 636f 7079 appropriate copy\n-00007b10: 7269 6768 7420 6e6f 7469 6365 2066 6f72 right notice for\n-00007b20: 2079 6f75 7220 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 your modificati\n-00007b30: 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6164 ons. ad\n-00007b40: 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f74 jacent to the ot\n-00007b50: 6865 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6e6f her copyright no\n-00007b60: 7469 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2046 tices... F\n-00007b70: 2e20 496e 636c 7564 652c 2069 6d6d 6564 . Include, immed\n-00007b80: 6961 7465 6c79 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 iately after the\n-00007b90: 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 206e 6f74 6963 copyright notic\n-00007ba0: 6573 2c20 6120 6c69 6365 6e73 650a 2020 es, a license. \n-00007bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 7469 6365 2067 notice g\n-00007bc0: 6976 696e 6720 7468 6520 7075 626c 6963 iving the public\n-00007bd0: 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 746f 2075 permission to u\n-00007be0: 7365 2074 6865 204d 6f64 6966 6965 640a se the Modified.\n-00007bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f Versio\n-00007c00: 6e20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d n under the term\n-00007c10: 7320 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 s of this Licens\n-00007c20: 652c 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f 726d 2073 e, in the form s\n-00007c30: 686f 776e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 hown in. \n-00007c40: 2020 7468 6520 4164 6465 6e64 756d 2062 the Addendum b\n-00007c50: 656c 6f77 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 472e elow... G.\n-00007c60: 2050 7265 7365 7276 6520 696e 2074 6861 Preserve in tha\n-00007c70: 7420 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6e6f 7469 6365 t license notice\n-00007c80: 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 6c69 7374 7320 the full lists \n-00007c90: 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 0a20 2020 of Invariant. \n-00007ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 Sections \n-00007cb0: 616e 6420 7265 7175 6972 6564 2043 6f76 and required Cov\n-00007cc0: 6572 2054 6578 7473 2067 6976 656e 2069 er Texts given i\n-00007cd0: 6e20 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2773 n the Document's\n-00007ce0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6963 656e . licen\n-00007cf0: 7365 206e 6f74 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 se notice... \n-00007d00: 2020 2048 2e20 496e 636c 7564 6520 616e H. Include an\n-00007d10: 2075 6e61 6c74 6572 6564 2063 6f70 7920 unaltered copy \n-00007d20: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652e of this License.\n-00007d30: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2049 2e20 5072 6573 .. I. Pres\n-00007d40: 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 6563 7469 6f6e erve the section\n-00007d50: 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 2248 6973 746f Entitled \"Histo\n-00007d60: 7279 222c 2050 7265 7365 7276 6520 6974 ry\", Preserve it\n-00007d70: 7320 5469 746c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s Title,. \n-00007d80: 2020 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2074 6f20 6974 and add to it\n-00007d90: 2061 6e20 6974 656d 2073 7461 7469 6e67 an item stating\n-00007da0: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 7469 at least the ti\n-00007db0: 746c 652c 2079 6561 722c 206e 6577 0a20 tle, year, new. \n-00007dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7574 686f 7273 authors\n-00007dd0: 2c20 616e 6420 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 , and publisher \n-00007de0: 6f66 2074 6865 204d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 of the Modified \n-00007df0: 5665 7273 696f 6e20 6173 2067 6976 656e Version as given\n-00007e00: 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 on the. \n-00007e10: 2020 5469 746c 6520 5061 6765 2e20 2049 Title Page. I\n-00007e20: 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7365 f there is no se\n-00007e30: 6374 696f 6e20 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 ction Entitled \"\n-00007e40: 4869 7374 6f72 7922 2069 6e20 7468 650a History\" in the.\n-00007e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 6375 6d65 Docume\n-00007e60: 6e74 2c20 6372 6561 7465 206f 6e65 2073 nt, create one s\n-00007e70: 7461 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 tating the title\n-00007e80: 2c20 7965 6172 2c20 6175 7468 6f72 732c , year, authors,\n-00007e90: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 and. p\n-00007ea0: 7562 6c69 7368 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 ublisher of the \n-00007eb0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2061 7320 6769 7665 Document as give\n-00007ec0: 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 2054 6974 6c65 2050 n on its Title P\n-00007ed0: 6167 652c 2074 6865 6e20 6164 640a 2020 age, then add. \n-00007ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 2069 7465 6d20 an item \n-00007ef0: 6465 7363 7269 6269 6e67 2074 6865 204d describing the M\n-00007f00: 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e20 odified Version \n-00007f10: 6173 2073 7461 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 as stated in the\n-00007f20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 7669 . previ\n-00007f30: 6f75 7320 7365 6e74 656e 6365 2e0a 0a20 ous sentence... \n-00007f40: 2020 2020 2020 4a2e 2050 7265 7365 7276 J. Preserv\n-00007f50: 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f e the network lo\n-00007f60: 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6966 2061 6e79 2c20 cation, if any, \n-00007f70: 6769 7665 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2044 6f63 given in the Doc\n-00007f80: 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ument. \n-00007f90: 666f 7220 7075 626c 6963 2061 6363 6573 for public acces\n-00007fa0: 7320 746f 2061 2054 7261 6e73 7061 7265 s to a Transpare\n-00007fb0: 6e74 2063 6f70 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2044 nt copy of the D\n-00007fc0: 6f63 756d 656e 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 ocument, and. \n-00007fd0: 2020 2020 2020 206c 696b 6577 6973 6520 likewise \n-00007fe0: 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 the network loca\n-00007ff0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6769 7665 6e20 696e 2074 tions given in t\n-00008000: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 666f 720a he Document for.\n-00008010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6576 696f previo\n-00008020: 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6974 2077 us versions it w\n-00008030: 6173 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 as based on. Th\n-00008040: 6573 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2070 6c61 6365 ese may be place\n-00008050: 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d in the. \n-00008060: 2020 2022 4869 7374 6f72 7922 2073 6563 \"History\" sec\n-00008070: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 206f tion. You may o\n-00008080: 6d69 7420 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f mit a network lo\n-00008090: 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 2077 6f72 cation for a wor\n-000080a0: 6b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6174 k. that\n-000080b0: 2077 6173 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2061 was published a\n-000080c0: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 666f 7572 2079 6561 t least four yea\n-000080d0: 7273 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 446f rs before the Do\n-000080e0: 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cument. \n-000080f0: 2069 7473 656c 662c 206f 7220 6966 2074 itself, or if t\n-00008100: 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 7075 626c he original publ\n-00008110: 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6572 isher of the ver\n-00008120: 7369 6f6e 2069 7420 7265 6665 7273 0a20 sion it refers. \n-00008130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6769 7665 to give\n-00008140: 7320 7065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 s permission... \n-00008150: 2020 2020 2020 4b2e 2046 6f72 2061 6e79 K. For any\n-00008160: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 section Entitle\n-00008170: 6420 2241 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 6d65 d \"Acknowledgeme\n-00008180: 6e74 7322 206f 7220 2244 6564 6963 6174 nts\" or \"Dedicat\n-00008190: 696f 6e73 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ions\",. \n-000081a0: 2050 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 5469 Preserve the Ti\n-000081b0: 746c 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6563 7469 tle of the secti\n-000081c0: 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 7072 6573 6572 7665 on, and preserve\n-000081d0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e0a in the section.\n-000081e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616c 6c20 7468 all th\n-000081f0: 6520 7375 6273 7461 6e63 6520 616e 6420 e substance and \n-00008200: 746f 6e65 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f 6620 tone of each of \n-00008210: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 7269 6275 746f 720a the contributor.\n-00008220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6163 6b6e 6f77 acknow\n-00008230: 6c65 6467 656d 656e 7473 2061 6e64 2f6f ledgements and/o\n-00008240: 7220 6465 6469 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6769 r dedications gi\n-00008250: 7665 6e20 7468 6572 6569 6e2e 0a0a 2020 ven therein... \n-00008260: 2020 2020 204c 2e20 5072 6573 6572 7665 L. Preserve\n-00008270: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2049 6e76 6172 6961 all the Invaria\n-00008280: 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 nt Sections of t\n-00008290: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742c 2075 6e61 he Document, una\n-000082a0: 6c74 6572 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltered. \n-000082b0: 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7465 7874 2061 in their text a\n-000082c0: 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7469 746c nd in their titl\n-000082d0: 6573 2e20 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 206e 756d es. Section num\n-000082e0: 6265 7273 206f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 bers or the. \n-000082f0: 2020 2020 2020 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 equivalent\n-00008300: 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 are not conside\n-00008310: 7265 6420 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 red part of the \n-00008320: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 7469 746c 6573 2e0a section titles..\n-00008330: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4d2e 2044 656c 6574 . M. Delet\n-00008340: 6520 616e 7920 7365 6374 696f 6e20 456e e any section En\n-00008350: 7469 746c 6564 2022 456e 646f 7273 656d titled \"Endorsem\n-00008360: 656e 7473 222e 2020 5375 6368 2061 2073 ents\". Such a s\n-00008370: 6563 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ection. \n-00008380: 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 696e 636c may not be incl\n-00008390: 7564 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 uded in the Modi\n-000083a0: 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 fied Version... \n-000083b0: 2020 2020 2020 4e2e 2044 6f20 6e6f 7420 N. Do not \n-000083c0: 7265 7469 746c 6520 616e 7920 6578 6973 retitle any exis\n-000083d0: 7469 6e67 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 ting section to \n-000083e0: 6265 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 640a 2020 2020 be Entitled. \n-000083f0: 2020 2020 2020 2245 6e64 6f72 7365 6d65 \"Endorseme\n-00008400: 6e74 7322 206f 7220 746f 2063 6f6e 666c nts\" or to confl\n-00008410: 6963 7420 696e 2074 6974 6c65 2077 6974 ict in title wit\n-00008420: 6820 616e 7920 496e 7661 7269 616e 740a h any Invariant.\n-00008430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6374 696f Sectio\n-00008440: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 204f 2e20 5072 n... O. Pr\n-00008450: 6573 6572 7665 2061 6e79 2057 6172 7261 eserve any Warra\n-00008460: 6e74 7920 4469 7363 6c61 696d 6572 732e nty Disclaimers.\n-00008470: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 4d6f .. If the Mo\n-00008480: 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 dified Version i\n-00008490: 6e63 6c75 6465 7320 6e65 7720 6672 6f6e ncludes new fron\n-000084a0: 742d 6d61 7474 6572 2073 6563 7469 6f6e t-matter section\n-000084b0: 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 s or. append\n-000084c0: 6963 6573 2074 6861 7420 7175 616c 6966 ices that qualif\n-000084d0: 7920 6173 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 y as Secondary S\n-000084e0: 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e74 ections and cont\n-000084f0: 6169 6e20 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7465 ain no. mate\n-00008500: 7269 616c 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6672 6f6d rial copied from\n-00008510: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742c 2079 the Document, y\n-00008520: 6f75 206d 6179 2061 7420 796f 7572 206f ou may at your o\n-00008530: 7074 696f 6e20 6465 7369 676e 6174 650a ption designate.\n-00008540: 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 6f72 2061 6c6c some or all\n-00008550: 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 7365 6374 696f of these sectio\n-00008560: 6e73 2061 7320 696e 7661 7269 616e 742e ns as invariant.\n-00008570: 2020 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 6164 To do this, ad\n-00008580: 6420 7468 6569 720a 2020 2020 2074 6974 d their. tit\n-00008590: 6c65 7320 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 les to the list \n-000085a0: 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 of Invariant Sec\n-000085b0: 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2074 6865 204d 6f64 tions in the Mod\n-000085c0: 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e27 730a ified Version's.\n-000085d0: 2020 2020 206c 6963 656e 7365 206e 6f74 license not\n-000085e0: 6963 652e 2020 5468 6573 6520 7469 746c ice. These titl\n-000085f0: 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 2064 6973 7469 es must be disti\n-00008600: 6e63 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 206f 7468 nct from any oth\n-00008610: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 696f 6e20 er. section \n-00008620: 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 596f titles... Yo\n-00008630: 7520 6d61 7920 6164 6420 6120 7365 6374 u may add a sect\n-00008640: 696f 6e20 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 456e ion Entitled \"En\n-00008650: 646f 7273 656d 656e 7473 222c 2070 726f dorsements\", pro\n-00008660: 7669 6465 6420 6974 2063 6f6e 7461 696e vided it contain\n-00008670: 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2062 s. nothing b\n-00008680: 7574 2065 6e64 6f72 7365 6d65 6e74 7320 ut endorsements \n-00008690: 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 of your Modified\n-000086a0: 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2062 7920 7661 7269 Version by vari\n-000086b0: 6f75 730a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 6573 ous. parties\n-000086c0: 2d2d 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2073 --for example, s\n-000086d0: 7461 7465 6d65 6e74 7320 6f66 2070 6565 tatements of pee\n-000086e0: 7220 7265 7669 6577 206f 7220 7468 6174 r review or that\n-000086f0: 2074 6865 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 2068 the text. h\n-00008700: 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6170 7072 6f76 6564 as been approved\n-00008710: 2062 7920 616e 206f 7267 616e 697a 6174 by an organizat\n-00008720: 696f 6e20 6173 2074 6865 2061 7574 686f ion as the autho\n-00008730: 7269 7461 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 6465 ritative. de\n-00008740: 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6120 7374 finition of a st\n-00008750: 616e 6461 7264 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 596f andard... Yo\n-00008760: 7520 6d61 7920 6164 6420 6120 7061 7373 u may add a pass\n-00008770: 6167 6520 6f66 2075 7020 746f 2066 6976 age of up to fiv\n-00008780: 6520 776f 7264 7320 6173 2061 2046 726f e words as a Fro\n-00008790: 6e74 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 742c 0a20 nt-Cover Text,. \n-000087a0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 6120 7061 7373 6167 and a passag\n-000087b0: 6520 6f66 2075 7020 746f 2032 3520 776f e of up to 25 wo\n-000087c0: 7264 7320 6173 2061 2042 6163 6b2d 436f rds as a Back-Co\n-000087d0: 7665 7220 5465 7874 2c20 746f 2074 6865 ver Text, to the\n-000087e0: 2065 6e64 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 end of. the\n-000087f0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2043 6f76 6572 2054 list of Cover T\n-00008800: 6578 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 exts in the Modi\n-00008810: 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2e20 204f fied Version. O\n-00008820: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 7061 7373 6167 650a nly one passage.\n-00008830: 2020 2020 206f 6620 4672 6f6e 742d 436f of Front-Co\n-00008840: 7665 7220 5465 7874 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 ver Text and one\n-00008850: 206f 6620 4261 636b 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 of Back-Cover T\n-00008860: 6578 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6464 6564 ext may be added\n-00008870: 2062 7920 286f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6872 by (or. thr\n-00008880: 6f75 6768 2061 7272 616e 6765 6d65 6e74 ough arrangement\n-00008890: 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7929 2061 6e79 206f s made by) any o\n-000088a0: 6e65 2065 6e74 6974 792e 2020 4966 2074 ne entity. If t\n-000088b0: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 he Document. \n-000088c0: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 already include\n-000088d0: 7320 6120 636f 7665 7220 7465 7874 2066 s a cover text f\n-000088e0: 6f72 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 636f 7665 or the same cove\n-000088f0: 722c 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6164 r, previously ad\n-00008900: 6465 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 796f 7520 ded. by you \n-00008910: 6f72 2062 7920 6172 7261 6e67 656d 656e or by arrangemen\n-00008920: 7420 6d61 6465 2062 7920 7468 6520 7361 t made by the sa\n-00008930: 6d65 2065 6e74 6974 7920 796f 7520 6172 me entity you ar\n-00008940: 6520 6163 7469 6e67 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 e acting on. \n-00008950: 2062 6568 616c 6620 6f66 2c20 796f 7520 behalf of, you \n-00008960: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6164 6420 616e 6f74 may not add anot\n-00008970: 6865 723b 2062 7574 2079 6f75 206d 6179 her; but you may\n-00008980: 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 206f 6c64 replace the old\n-00008990: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 652c 206f 6e20 6578 . one, on ex\n-000089a0: 706c 6963 6974 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f plicit permissio\n-000089b0: 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 n from the previ\n-000089c0: 6f75 7320 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 7468 ous publisher th\n-000089d0: 6174 2061 6464 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7468 at added. th\n-000089e0: 6520 6f6c 6420 6f6e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 e old one... \n-000089f0: 2054 6865 2061 7574 686f 7228 7329 2061 The author(s) a\n-00008a00: 6e64 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6572 2873 2920 nd publisher(s) \n-00008a10: 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 of the Document \n-00008a20: 646f 206e 6f74 2062 7920 7468 6973 0a20 do not by this. \n-00008a30: 2020 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6769 7665 License give\n-00008a40: 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 746f 2075 permission to u\n-00008a50: 7365 2074 6865 6972 206e 616d 6573 2066 se their names f\n-00008a60: 6f72 2070 7562 6c69 6369 7479 2066 6f72 or publicity for\n-00008a70: 206f 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6173 7365 or to. asse\n-00008a80: 7274 206f 7220 696d 706c 7920 656e 646f rt or imply endo\n-00008a90: 7273 656d 656e 7420 6f66 2061 6e79 204d rsement of any M\n-00008aa0: 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e2e odified Version.\n-00008ab0: 0a0a 2020 352e 2043 4f4d 4249 4e49 4e47 .. 5. COMBINING\n-00008ac0: 2044 4f43 554d 454e 5453 0a0a 2020 2020 DOCUMENTS.. \n-00008ad0: 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 You may combine\n-00008ae0: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7769 the Document wi\n-00008af0: 7468 206f 7468 6572 2064 6f63 756d 656e th other documen\n-00008b00: 7473 2072 656c 6561 7365 6420 756e 6465 ts released unde\n-00008b10: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 r. this Lice\n-00008b20: 6e73 652c 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 nse, under the t\n-00008b30: 6572 6d73 2064 6566 696e 6564 2069 6e20 erms defined in \n-00008b40: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 3420 6162 6f76 6520 section 4 above \n-00008b50: 666f 720a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6965 for. modifie\n-00008b60: 6420 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2c20 7072 6f76 d versions, prov\n-00008b70: 6964 6564 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 696e ided that you in\n-00008b80: 636c 7564 6520 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d clude in the com\n-00008b90: 6269 6e61 7469 6f6e 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 bination all. \n-00008ba0: 2020 6f66 2074 6865 2049 6e76 6172 6961 of the Invaria\n-00008bb0: 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2061 nt Sections of a\n-00008bc0: 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e ll of the origin\n-00008bd0: 616c 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7473 2c0a 2020 al documents,. \n-00008be0: 2020 2075 6e6d 6f64 6966 6965 642c 2061 unmodified, a\n-00008bf0: 6e64 206c 6973 7420 7468 656d 2061 6c6c nd list them all\n-00008c00: 2061 7320 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 as Invariant Se\n-00008c10: 6374 696f 6e73 206f 6620 796f 7572 0a20 ctions of your. \n-00008c20: 2020 2020 636f 6d62 696e 6564 2077 6f72 combined wor\n-00008c30: 6b20 696e 2069 7473 206c 6963 656e 7365 k in its license\n-00008c40: 206e 6f74 6963 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6861 notice, and tha\n-00008c50: 7420 796f 7520 7072 6573 6572 7665 2061 t you preserve a\n-00008c60: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6569 7220 5761 ll. their Wa\n-00008c70: 7272 616e 7479 2044 6973 636c 6169 6d65 rranty Disclaime\n-00008c80: 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f rs... The co\n-00008c90: 6d62 696e 6564 2077 6f72 6b20 6e65 6564 mbined work need\n-00008ca0: 206f 6e6c 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6f6e only contain on\n-00008cb0: 6520 636f 7079 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c e copy of this L\n-00008cc0: 6963 656e 7365 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 icense, and. \n-00008cd0: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6964 656e 7469 multiple identi\n-00008ce0: 6361 6c20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 cal Invariant Se\n-00008cf0: 6374 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 ctions may be re\n-00008d00: 706c 6163 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7369 placed with a si\n-00008d10: 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7079 2e20 ngle. copy. \n-00008d20: 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6d75 If there are mu\n-00008d30: 6c74 6970 6c65 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 ltiple Invariant\n-00008d40: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2074 Sections with t\n-00008d50: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 he same name. \n-00008d60: 2020 6275 7420 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 but different \n-00008d70: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 contents, make t\n-00008d80: 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 6561 6368 he title of each\n-00008d90: 2073 7563 6820 7365 6374 696f 6e20 756e such section un\n-00008da0: 6971 7565 0a20 2020 2020 6279 2061 6464 ique. by add\n-00008db0: 696e 6720 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f ing at the end o\n-00008dc0: 6620 6974 2c20 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 f it, in parenth\n-00008dd0: 6573 6573 2c20 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f eses, the name o\n-00008de0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7269 6769 f the. origi\n-00008df0: 6e61 6c20 6175 7468 6f72 206f 7220 7075 nal author or pu\n-00008e00: 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6861 7420 blisher of that \n-00008e10: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6966 206b 6e6f 776e section if known\n-00008e20: 2c20 6f72 2065 6c73 6520 610a 2020 2020 , or else a. \n-00008e30: 2075 6e69 7175 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 unique number. \n-00008e40: 204d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 Make the same a\n-00008e50: 646a 7573 746d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 djustment to the\n-00008e60: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 6974 6c65 7320 section titles \n-00008e70: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 7374 in. the list\n-00008e80: 206f 6620 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 of Invariant Se\n-00008e90: 6374 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 ctions in the li\n-00008ea0: 6365 6e73 6520 6e6f 7469 6365 206f 6620 cense notice of \n-00008eb0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 the. combine\n-00008ec0: 6420 776f 726b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 496e d work... In\n-00008ed0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6269 6e61 7469 6f6e the combination\n-00008ee0: 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2063 6f6d 6269 , you must combi\n-00008ef0: 6e65 2061 6e79 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 ne any sections \n-00008f00: 456e 7469 746c 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2248 Entitled. \"H\n-00008f10: 6973 746f 7279 2220 696e 2074 6865 2076 istory\" in the v\n-00008f20: 6172 696f 7573 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 arious original \n-00008f30: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 732c 2066 6f72 6d69 documents, formi\n-00008f40: 6e67 206f 6e65 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 0a20 ng one section. \n-00008f50: 2020 2020 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 4869 Entitled \"Hi\n-00008f60: 7374 6f72 7922 3b20 6c69 6b65 7769 7365 story\"; likewise\n-00008f70: 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 2061 6e79 2073 6563 combine any sec\n-00008f80: 7469 6f6e 7320 456e 7469 746c 6564 0a20 tions Entitled. \n-00008f90: 2020 2020 2241 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 \"Acknowledge\n-00008fa0: 6d65 6e74 7322 2c20 616e 6420 616e 7920 ments\", and any \n-00008fb0: 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 sections Entitle\n-00008fc0: 6420 2244 6564 6963 6174 696f 6e73 222e d \"Dedications\".\n-00008fd0: 2020 596f 750a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 You. must \n-00008fe0: 6465 6c65 7465 2061 6c6c 2073 6563 7469 delete all secti\n-00008ff0: 6f6e 7320 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 456e ons Entitled \"En\n-00009000: 646f 7273 656d 656e 7473 2e22 0a0a 2020 dorsements.\".. \n-00009010: 362e 2043 4f4c 4c45 4354 494f 4e53 204f 6. COLLECTIONS O\n-00009020: 4620 444f 4355 4d45 4e54 530a 0a20 2020 F DOCUMENTS.. \n-00009030: 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 6d61 6b65 2061 You may make a\n-00009040: 2063 6f6c 6c65 6374 696f 6e20 636f 6e73 collection cons\n-00009050: 6973 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f isting of the Do\n-00009060: 6375 6d65 6e74 2061 6e64 206f 7468 6572 cument and other\n-00009070: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 7320 . documents \n-00009080: 7265 6c65 6173 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 released under t\n-00009090: 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2061 6e64 his License, and\n-000090a0: 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2069 6e64 replace the ind\n-000090b0: 6976 6964 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 ividual. cop\n-000090c0: 6965 7320 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 ies of this Lice\n-000090d0: 6e73 6520 696e 2074 6865 2076 6172 696f nse in the vario\n-000090e0: 7573 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7473 2077 6974 us documents wit\n-000090f0: 6820 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2063 6f70 790a h a single copy.\n-00009100: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6973 2069 6e63 that is inc\n-00009110: 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6c luded in the col\n-00009120: 6c65 6374 696f 6e2c 2070 726f 7669 6465 lection, provide\n-00009130: 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c 6c6f d that you follo\n-00009140: 7720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 756c 6573 w the. rules\n-00009150: 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 of this License\n-00009160: 2066 6f72 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 636f for verbatim co\n-00009170: 7079 696e 6720 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 pying of each of\n-00009180: 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7473 0a20 the documents. \n-00009190: 2020 2020 696e 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 in all other\n-000091a0: 2072 6573 7065 6374 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 respects... \n-000091b0: 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2065 7874 7261 6374 You may extract\n-000091c0: 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 646f 6375 6d65 a single docume\n-000091d0: 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7375 6368 2061 2063 nt from such a c\n-000091e0: 6f6c 6c65 6374 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 0a20 ollection, and. \n-000091f0: 2020 2020 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2069 distribute i\n-00009200: 7420 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 6c79 2075 t individually u\n-00009210: 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 nder this Licens\n-00009220: 652c 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 796f 7520 e, provided you \n-00009230: 696e 7365 7274 0a20 2020 2020 6120 636f insert. a co\n-00009240: 7079 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e py of this Licen\n-00009250: 7365 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6578 7472 se into the extr\n-00009260: 6163 7465 6420 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2c20 acted document, \n-00009270: 616e 6420 666f 6c6c 6f77 2074 6869 730a and follow this.\n-00009280: 2020 2020 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 6e20 License in \n-00009290: 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 7220 7265 7370 6563 all other respec\n-000092a0: 7473 2072 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2076 6572 ts regarding ver\n-000092b0: 6261 7469 6d20 636f 7079 696e 6720 6f66 batim copying of\n-000092c0: 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d that. docum\n-000092d0: 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 372e 2041 4747 5245 ent... 7. AGGRE\n-000092e0: 4741 5449 4f4e 2057 4954 4820 494e 4445 GATION WITH INDE\n-000092f0: 5045 4e44 454e 5420 574f 524b 530a 0a20 PENDENT WORKS.. \n-00009300: 2020 2020 4120 636f 6d70 696c 6174 696f A compilatio\n-00009310: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e n of the Documen\n-00009320: 7420 6f72 2069 7473 2064 6572 6976 6174 t or its derivat\n-00009330: 6976 6573 2077 6974 6820 6f74 6865 720a ives with other.\n-00009340: 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 616e separate an\n-00009350: 6420 696e 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7420 646f d independent do\n-00009360: 6375 6d65 6e74 7320 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 cuments or works\n-00009370: 2c20 696e 206f 7220 6f6e 2061 2076 6f6c , in or on a vol\n-00009380: 756d 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7374 ume of a. st\n-00009390: 6f72 6167 6520 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 orage or distrib\n-000093a0: 7574 696f 6e20 6d65 6469 756d 2c20 6973 ution medium, is\n-000093b0: 2063 616c 6c65 6420 616e 2022 6167 6772 called an \"aggr\n-000093c0: 6567 6174 6522 2069 6620 7468 650a 2020 egate\" if the. \n-000093d0: 2020 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 2072 6573 copyright res\n-000093e0: 756c 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 ulting from the \n-000093f0: 636f 6d70 696c 6174 696f 6e20 6973 206e compilation is n\n-00009400: 6f74 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 696d 6974 ot used to limit\n-00009410: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 6761 6c20 the. legal \n-00009420: 7269 6768 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f rights of the co\n-00009430: 6d70 696c 6174 696f 6e27 7320 7573 6572 mpilation's user\n-00009440: 7320 6265 796f 6e64 2077 6861 7420 7468 s beyond what th\n-00009450: 6520 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 0a20 2020 e individual. \n-00009460: 2020 776f 726b 7320 7065 726d 6974 2e20 works permit. \n-00009470: 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 When the Docume\n-00009480: 6e74 2069 7320 696e 636c 7564 6564 2069 nt is included i\n-00009490: 6e20 616e 2061 6767 7265 6761 7465 2c20 n an aggregate, \n-000094a0: 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 this. Licens\n-000094b0: 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2061 7070 6c79 e does not apply\n-000094c0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 776f to the other wo\n-000094d0: 726b 7320 696e 2074 6865 2061 6767 7265 rks in the aggre\n-000094e0: 6761 7465 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 gate which. \n-000094f0: 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7468 656d 7365 6c76 are not themselv\n-00009500: 6573 2064 6572 6976 6174 6976 6520 776f es derivative wo\n-00009510: 726b 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d rks of the Docum\n-00009520: 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 ent... If th\n-00009530: 6520 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 2072 6571 e Cover Text req\n-00009540: 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7365 6374 uirement of sect\n-00009550: 696f 6e20 3320 6973 2061 7070 6c69 6361 ion 3 is applica\n-00009560: 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 7365 0a20 2020 ble to these. \n-00009570: 2020 636f 7069 6573 206f 6620 7468 6520 copies of the \n-00009580: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2c20 7468 656e 2069 Document, then i\n-00009590: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 f the Document i\n-000095a0: 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 s less than one \n-000095b0: 6861 6c66 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 half. of the\n-000095c0: 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6167 6772 6567 6174 entire aggregat\n-000095d0: 652c 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7427 e, the Document'\n-000095e0: 7320 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 7320 6d61 s Cover Texts ma\n-000095f0: 7920 6265 2070 6c61 6365 640a 2020 2020 y be placed. \n-00009600: 206f 6e20 636f 7665 7273 2074 6861 7420 on covers that \n-00009610: 6272 6163 6b65 7420 7468 6520 446f 6375 bracket the Docu\n-00009620: 6d65 6e74 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 ment within the \n-00009630: 6167 6772 6567 6174 652c 206f 7220 7468 aggregate, or th\n-00009640: 650a 2020 2020 2065 6c65 6374 726f 6e69 e. electroni\n-00009650: 6320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 206f 6620 c equivalent of \n-00009660: 636f 7665 7273 2069 6620 7468 6520 446f covers if the Do\n-00009670: 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 696e 2065 6c65 cument is in ele\n-00009680: 6374 726f 6e69 630a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 ctronic. for\n-00009690: 6d2e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 7468 m. Otherwise th\n-000096a0: 6579 206d 7573 7420 6170 7065 6172 206f ey must appear o\n-000096b0: 6e20 7072 696e 7465 6420 636f 7665 7273 n printed covers\n-000096c0: 2074 6861 7420 6272 6163 6b65 740a 2020 that bracket. \n-000096d0: 2020 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2061 6767 the whole agg\n-000096e0: 7265 6761 7465 2e0a 0a20 2038 2e20 5452 regate... 8. TR\n-000096f0: 414e 534c 4154 494f 4e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ANSLATION.. \n-00009700: 5472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2063 Translation is c\n-00009710: 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6120 6b69 6e64 onsidered a kind\n-00009720: 206f 6620 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e of modification\n-00009730: 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a20 2020 , so you may. \n-00009740: 2020 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2074 7261 distribute tra\n-00009750: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 nslations of the\n-00009760: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 756e 6465 7220 Document under \n-00009770: 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2073 6563 the terms of sec\n-00009780: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 342e 2020 5265 tion. 4. Re\n-00009790: 706c 6163 696e 6720 496e 7661 7269 616e placing Invarian\n-000097a0: 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2077 6974 6820 t Sections with \n-000097b0: 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e73 2072 6571 translations req\n-000097c0: 7569 7265 7320 7370 6563 6961 6c0a 2020 uires special. \n-000097d0: 2020 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 6672 permission fr\n-000097e0: 6f6d 2074 6865 6972 2063 6f70 7972 6967 om their copyrig\n-000097f0: 6874 2068 6f6c 6465 7273 2c20 6275 7420 ht holders, but \n-00009800: 796f 7520 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a you may include.\n-00009810: 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e translation\n-00009820: 7320 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f72 2061 6c6c s of some or all\n-00009830: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n-00009840: 6f6e 7320 696e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 ons in addition \n-00009850: 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 6967 to the. orig\n-00009860: 696e 616c 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 inal versions of\n-00009870: 2074 6865 7365 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 these Invariant\n-00009880: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 596f 7520 Sections. You \n-00009890: 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a 2020 may include a. \n-000098a0: 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206f translation o\n-000098b0: 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 f this License, \n-000098c0: 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 6c69 6365 and all the lice\n-000098d0: 6e73 6520 6e6f 7469 6365 7320 696e 2074 nse notices in t\n-000098e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 he. Document\n-000098f0: 2c20 616e 6420 616e 7920 5761 7272 616e , and any Warran\n-00009900: 7479 2044 6973 636c 6169 6d65 7273 2c20 ty Disclaimers, \n-00009910: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2074 6861 7420 796f provided that yo\n-00009920: 7520 616c 736f 0a20 2020 2020 696e 636c u also. incl\n-00009930: 7564 6520 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c ude the original\n-00009940: 2045 6e67 6c69 7368 2076 6572 7369 6f6e English version\n-00009950: 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 of this License\n-00009960: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 and the. or\n-00009970: 6967 696e 616c 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 iginal versions \n-00009980: 6f66 2074 686f 7365 206e 6f74 6963 6573 of those notices\n-00009990: 2061 6e64 2064 6973 636c 6169 6d65 7273 and disclaimers\n-000099a0: 2e20 2049 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 610a . In case of a.\n-000099b0: 2020 2020 2064 6973 6167 7265 656d 656e disagreemen\n-000099c0: 7420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 7468 6520 7472 t between the tr\n-000099d0: 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7468 anslation and th\n-000099e0: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2076 6572 7369 e original versi\n-000099f0: 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 on of. this \n-00009a00: 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6f72 2061 206e 6f74 License or a not\n-00009a10: 6963 6520 6f72 2064 6973 636c 6169 6d65 ice or disclaime\n-00009a20: 722c 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 r, the original \n-00009a30: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 version will. \n-00009a40: 2020 7072 6576 6169 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 prevail... \n-00009a50: 2049 6620 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 696e If a section in\n-00009a60: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6973 the Document is\n-00009a70: 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 2241 636b 6e6f Entitled \"Ackno\n-00009a80: 776c 6564 6765 6d65 6e74 7322 2c0a 2020 wledgements\",. \n-00009a90: 2020 2022 4465 6469 6361 7469 6f6e 7322 \"Dedications\"\n-00009aa0: 2c20 6f72 2022 4869 7374 6f72 7922 2c20 , or \"History\", \n-00009ab0: 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e 7420 the requirement \n-00009ac0: 2873 6563 7469 6f6e 2034 2920 746f 0a20 (section 4) to. \n-00009ad0: 2020 2020 5072 6573 6572 7665 2069 7473 Preserve its\n-00009ae0: 2054 6974 6c65 2028 7365 6374 696f 6e20 Title (section \n-00009af0: 3129 2077 696c 6c20 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 1) will typicall\n-00009b00: 7920 7265 7175 6972 6520 6368 616e 6769 y require changi\n-00009b10: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6163 7475 ng the. actu\n-00009b20: 616c 2074 6974 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2039 2e20 al title... 9. \n-00009b30: 5445 524d 494e 4154 494f 4e0a 0a20 2020 TERMINATION.. \n-00009b40: 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 636f You may not co\n-00009b50: 7079 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 2c20 7375 626c py, modify, subl\n-00009b60: 6963 656e 7365 2c20 6f72 2064 6973 7472 icense, or distr\n-00009b70: 6962 7574 6520 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 ibute the Docume\n-00009b80: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6365 7074 2061 nt. except a\n-00009b90: 7320 6578 7072 6573 736c 7920 7072 6f76 s expressly prov\n-00009ba0: 6964 6564 2066 6f72 2075 6e64 6572 2074 ided for under t\n-00009bb0: 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 2020 416e his License. An\n-00009bc0: 7920 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 2061 7474 y other. att\n-00009bd0: 656d 7074 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2c20 6d6f empt to copy, mo\n-00009be0: 6469 6679 2c20 7375 626c 6963 656e 7365 dify, sublicense\n-00009bf0: 206f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2074 or distribute t\n-00009c00: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6973 0a20 he Document is. \n-00009c10: 2020 2020 766f 6964 2c20 616e 6420 7769 void, and wi\n-00009c20: 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 ll automatically\n-00009c30: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 2079 6f75 7220 terminate your \n-00009c40: 7269 6768 7473 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6869 rights under thi\n-00009c50: 730a 2020 2020 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e20 s. License. \n-00009c60: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7061 7274 6965 However, partie\n-00009c70: 7320 7768 6f20 6861 7665 2072 6563 6569 s who have recei\n-00009c80: 7665 6420 636f 7069 6573 2c20 6f72 2072 ved copies, or r\n-00009c90: 6967 6874 732c 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d ights,. from\n-00009ca0: 2079 6f75 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 you under this \n-00009cb0: 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 License will not\n-00009cc0: 2068 6176 6520 7468 6569 7220 6c69 6365 have their lice\n-00009cd0: 6e73 6573 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 640a nses terminated.\n-00009ce0: 2020 2020 2073 6f20 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 so long as \n-00009cf0: 7375 6368 2070 6172 7469 6573 2072 656d such parties rem\n-00009d00: 6169 6e20 696e 2066 756c 6c20 636f 6d70 ain in full comp\n-00009d10: 6c69 616e 6365 2e0a 0a20 2031 302e 2046 liance... 10. F\n-00009d20: 5554 5552 4520 5245 5649 5349 4f4e 5320 UTURE REVISIONS \n-00009d30: 4f46 2054 4849 5320 4c49 4345 4e53 450a OF THIS LICENSE.\n-00009d40: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4672 6565 2053 . The Free S\n-00009d50: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 oftware Foundati\n-00009d60: 6f6e 206d 6179 2070 7562 6c69 7368 206e on may publish n\n-00009d70: 6577 2c20 7265 7669 7365 6420 7665 7273 ew, revised vers\n-00009d80: 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ions of. the\n-00009d90: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n-00009da0: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 ntation License \n-00009db0: 6672 6f6d 2074 696d 6520 746f 2074 696d from time to tim\n-00009dc0: 652e 2020 5375 6368 206e 6577 0a20 2020 e. Such new. \n-00009dd0: 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2077 696c 6c20 versions will \n-00009de0: 6265 2073 696d 696c 6172 2069 6e20 7370 be similar in sp\n-00009df0: 6972 6974 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7072 6573 irit to the pres\n-00009e00: 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 2062 7574 ent version, but\n-00009e10: 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 may. differ\n-00009e20: 2069 6e20 6465 7461 696c 2074 6f20 6164 in detail to ad\n-00009e30: 6472 6573 7320 6e65 7720 7072 6f62 6c65 dress new proble\n-00009e40: 6d73 206f 7220 636f 6e63 6572 6e73 2e20 ms or concerns. \n-00009e50: 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 3c68 7474 703a See. ... \n-00009e80: 4561 6368 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 Each version of \n-00009e90: 7468 6520 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 2067 the License is g\n-00009ea0: 6976 656e 2061 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 iven a distingui\n-00009eb0: 7368 696e 6720 7665 7273 696f 6e0a 2020 shing version. \n-00009ec0: 2020 206e 756d 6265 722e 2020 4966 2074 number. If t\n-00009ed0: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7370 6563 he Document spec\n-00009ee0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6174 2061 2070 6172 ifies that a par\n-00009ef0: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6e75 6d62 6572 6564 ticular numbered\n-00009f00: 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 . version of\n-00009f10: 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 226f this License \"o\n-00009f20: 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 7665 7273 r any later vers\n-00009f30: 696f 6e22 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 ion\" applies to \n-00009f40: 6974 2c20 796f 750a 2020 2020 2068 6176 it, you. hav\n-00009f50: 6520 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e the option of \n-00009f60: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 6520 7465 following the te\n-00009f70: 726d 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e64 6974 696f rms and conditio\n-00009f80: 6e73 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 ns either of. \n-00009f90: 2020 7468 6174 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 that specified\n-00009fa0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 7220 6f66 2061 version or of a\n-00009fb0: 6e79 206c 6174 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e ny later version\n-00009fc0: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 6265 656e 0a20 that has been. \n-00009fd0: 2020 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 286e published (n\n-00009fe0: 6f74 2061 7320 6120 6472 6166 7429 2062 ot as a draft) b\n-00009ff0: 7920 7468 6520 4672 6565 2053 6f66 7477 y the Free Softw\n-0000a000: 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 2e20 are Foundation. \n-0000a010: 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f63 If the. Doc\n-0000a020: 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2073 ument does not s\n-0000a030: 7065 6369 6679 2061 2076 6572 7369 6f6e pecify a version\n-0000a040: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 6869 7320 number of this \n-0000a050: 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2079 6f75 206d 6179 License, you may\n-0000a060: 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6f6f 7365 2061 6e79 . choose any\n-0000a070: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2065 7665 7220 7075 version ever pu\n-0000a080: 626c 6973 6865 6420 286e 6f74 2061 7320 blished (not as \n-0000a090: 6120 6472 6166 7429 2062 7920 7468 6520 a draft) by the \n-0000a0a0: 4672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 536f 6674 7761 Free. Softwa\n-0000a0b0: 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a re Foundation...\n-0000a0c0: 442e 312e 3120 4144 4445 4e44 554d 3a20 D.1.1 ADDENDUM: \n-0000a0d0: 486f 7720 746f 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 How to use this \n-0000a0e0: 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 License for your\n-0000a0f0: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d documents.-----\n+00004f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00004f70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 Version 1\n+00004f90: 2e32 2c20 4e6f 7665 6d62 6572 2032 3030 .2, November 200\n+00004fa0: 320a 0a20 2020 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 2.. Copyrigh\n+00004fb0: 7420 c2a9 2032 3030 302c 3230 3031 2c32 t .. 2000,2001,2\n+00004fc0: 3030 3220 4672 6565 2053 6f66 7477 6172 002 Free Softwar\n+00004fd0: 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e e Foundation, In\n+00004fe0: 632e 0a20 2020 2020 3531 2046 7261 6e6b c.. 51 Frank\n+00004ff0: 6c69 6e20 5374 2c20 4669 6674 6820 466c lin St, Fifth Fl\n+00005000: 6f6f 722c 2042 6f73 746f 6e2c 204d 4120 oor, Boston, MA \n+00005010: 2030 3231 3130 2d31 3330 312c 2055 5341 02110-1301, USA\n+00005020: 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7665 7279 6f6e 6520 .. Everyone \n+00005030: 6973 2070 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2074 6f20 is permitted to \n+00005040: 636f 7079 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 copy and distrib\n+00005050: 7574 6520 7665 7262 6174 696d 2063 6f70 ute verbatim cop\n+00005060: 6965 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 ies. of this\n+00005070: 206c 6963 656e 7365 2064 6f63 756d 656e license documen\n+00005080: 742c 2062 7574 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 t, but changing \n+00005090: 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 it is not allowe\n+000050a0: 642e 0a0a 2020 302e 2050 5245 414d 424c d... 0. PREAMBL\n+000050b0: 450a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7075 7270 E.. The purp\n+000050c0: 6f73 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 ose of this Lice\n+000050d0: 6e73 6520 6973 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 nse is to make a\n+000050e0: 206d 616e 7561 6c2c 2074 6578 7462 6f6f manual, textboo\n+000050f0: 6b2c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 k, or other. \n+00005100: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 functional and \n+00005110: 7573 6566 756c 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 useful document \n+00005120: e280 9c66 7265 65e2 809d 2069 6e20 7468 ...free... in th\n+00005130: 6520 7365 6e73 6520 6f66 2066 7265 6564 e sense of freed\n+00005140: 6f6d 3a20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6173 7375 om: to. assu\n+00005150: 7265 2065 7665 7279 6f6e 6520 7468 6520 re everyone the \n+00005160: 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 6672 6565 646f effective freedo\n+00005170: 6d20 746f 2063 6f70 7920 616e 6420 7265 m to copy and re\n+00005180: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2069 742c 0a20 distribute it,. \n+00005190: 2020 2020 7769 7468 206f 7220 7769 7468 with or with\n+000051a0: 6f75 7420 6d6f 6469 6679 696e 6720 6974 out modifying it\n+000051b0: 2c20 6569 7468 6572 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 , either commerc\n+000051c0: 6961 6c6c 7920 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f ially or. no\n+000051d0: 6e63 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c6c 792e 2020 ncommercially. \n+000051e0: 5365 636f 6e64 6172 696c 792c 2074 6869 Secondarily, thi\n+000051f0: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 7072 6573 6572 s License preser\n+00005200: 7665 7320 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 ves for the. \n+00005210: 2061 7574 686f 7220 616e 6420 7075 626c author and publ\n+00005220: 6973 6865 7220 6120 7761 7920 746f 2067 isher a way to g\n+00005230: 6574 2063 7265 6469 7420 666f 7220 7468 et credit for th\n+00005240: 6569 7220 776f 726b 2c20 7768 696c 6520 eir work, while \n+00005250: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2063 not. being c\n+00005260: 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 7265 7370 6f6e onsidered respon\n+00005270: 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 6469 6669 sible for modifi\n+00005280: 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7920 cations made by \n+00005290: 6f74 6865 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 others... Th\n+000052a0: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 6120 is License is a \n+000052b0: 6b69 6e64 206f 6620 2263 6f70 796c 6566 kind of \"copylef\n+000052c0: 7422 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d65 616e 7320 t\", which means \n+000052d0: 7468 6174 2064 6572 6976 6174 6976 650a that derivative.\n+000052e0: 2020 2020 2077 6f72 6b73 206f 6620 7468 works of th\n+000052f0: 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d 7573 7420 e document must \n+00005300: 7468 656d 7365 6c76 6573 2062 6520 6672 themselves be fr\n+00005310: 6565 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2073 ee in the same s\n+00005320: 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 636f ense.. It co\n+00005330: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 7320 7468 6520 474e mplements the GN\n+00005340: 5520 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 5075 626c 6963 U General Public\n+00005350: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 7768 6963 6820 License, which \n+00005360: 6973 2061 2063 6f70 796c 6566 740a 2020 is a copyleft. \n+00005370: 2020 206c 6963 656e 7365 2064 6573 6967 license desig\n+00005380: 6e65 6420 666f 7220 6672 6565 2073 6f66 ned for free sof\n+00005390: 7477 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6520 tware... We \n+000053a0: 6861 7665 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 7468 have designed th\n+000053b0: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 6e20 6f72 is License in or\n+000053c0: 6465 7220 746f 2075 7365 2069 7420 666f der to use it fo\n+000053d0: 7220 6d61 6e75 616c 7320 666f 720a 2020 r manuals for. \n+000053e0: 2020 2066 7265 6520 736f 6674 7761 7265 free software\n+000053f0: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 6672 6565 2073 , because free s\n+00005400: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6e65 6564 7320 6672 oftware needs fr\n+00005410: 6565 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e ee documentation\n+00005420: 3a20 610a 2020 2020 2066 7265 6520 7072 : a. free pr\n+00005430: 6f67 7261 6d20 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f6d ogram should com\n+00005440: 6520 7769 7468 206d 616e 7561 6c73 2070 e with manuals p\n+00005450: 726f 7669 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2073 616d roviding the sam\n+00005460: 6520 6672 6565 646f 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 e freedoms. \n+00005470: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2073 6f66 7477 6172 that the softwar\n+00005480: 6520 646f 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2074 6869 e does. But thi\n+00005490: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 206e 6f74 s License is not\n+000054a0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 limited to. \n+000054b0: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6d61 6e75 616c software manual\n+000054c0: 733b 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 s; it can be use\n+000054d0: 6420 666f 7220 616e 7920 7465 7874 7561 d for any textua\n+000054e0: 6c20 776f 726b 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 l work, regardle\n+000054f0: 7373 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2073 7562 6a65 ss. of subje\n+00005500: 6374 206d 6174 7465 7220 6f72 2077 6865 ct matter or whe\n+00005510: 7468 6572 2069 7420 6973 2070 7562 6c69 ther it is publi\n+00005520: 7368 6564 2061 7320 6120 7072 696e 7465 shed as a printe\n+00005530: 6420 626f 6f6b 2e20 2057 650a 2020 2020 d book. We. \n+00005540: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6869 7320 recommend this \n+00005550: 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 7072 696e 6369 7061 License principa\n+00005560: 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 776f 726b 7320 7768 lly for works wh\n+00005570: 6f73 6520 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6973 0a20 ose purpose is. \n+00005580: 2020 2020 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e20 instruction \n+00005590: 6f72 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 2e0a 0a20 or reference... \n+000055a0: 2031 2e20 4150 504c 4943 4142 494c 4954 1. APPLICABILIT\n+000055b0: 5920 414e 4420 4445 4649 4e49 5449 4f4e Y AND DEFINITION\n+000055c0: 530a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 204c 6963 S.. This Lic\n+000055d0: 656e 7365 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 ense applies to \n+000055e0: 616e 7920 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 7220 6f74 any manual or ot\n+000055f0: 6865 7220 776f 726b 2c20 696e 2061 6e79 her work, in any\n+00005600: 206d 6564 6975 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 medium,. th\n+00005610: 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 6120 6e6f at contains a no\n+00005620: 7469 6365 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6279 2074 tice placed by t\n+00005630: 6865 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 2068 6f6c he copyright hol\n+00005640: 6465 7220 7361 7969 6e67 2069 7420 6361 der saying it ca\n+00005650: 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6520 6469 7374 7269 n. be distri\n+00005660: 6275 7465 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 buted under the \n+00005670: 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 terms of this Li\n+00005680: 6365 6e73 652e 2020 5375 6368 2061 206e cense. Such a n\n+00005690: 6f74 6963 650a 2020 2020 2067 7261 6e74 otice. grant\n+000056a0: 7320 6120 776f 726c 642d 7769 6465 2c20 s a world-wide, \n+000056b0: 726f 7961 6c74 792d 6672 6565 206c 6963 royalty-free lic\n+000056c0: 656e 7365 2c20 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ense, unlimited \n+000056d0: 696e 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 0a20 2020 in duration,. \n+000056e0: 2020 746f 2075 7365 2074 6861 7420 776f to use that wo\n+000056f0: 726b 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2063 6f6e rk under the con\n+00005700: 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6174 6564 2068 ditions stated h\n+00005710: 6572 6569 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 erein. The. \n+00005720: 2022 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 222c 2062 656c \"Document\", bel\n+00005730: 6f77 2c20 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 616e ow, refers to an\n+00005740: 7920 7375 6368 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f72 y such manual or\n+00005750: 2077 6f72 6b2e 2020 416e 7920 6d65 6d62 work. Any memb\n+00005760: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 2070 er. of the p\n+00005770: 7562 6c69 6320 6973 2061 206c 6963 656e ublic is a licen\n+00005780: 7365 652c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6164 6472 see, and is addr\n+00005790: 6573 7365 6420 6173 2022 796f 7522 2e20 essed as \"you\". \n+000057a0: 2059 6f75 2061 6363 6570 740a 2020 2020 You accept. \n+000057b0: 2074 6865 206c 6963 656e 7365 2069 6620 the license if \n+000057c0: 796f 7520 636f 7079 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 you copy, modify\n+000057d0: 206f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2074 or distribute t\n+000057e0: 6865 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 2061 2077 6179 he work in a way\n+000057f0: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 . requiring \n+00005800: 7065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2075 6e64 6572 permission under\n+00005810: 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 206c 6177 2e0a copyright law..\n+00005820: 0a20 2020 2020 4120 224d 6f64 6966 6965 . A \"Modifie\n+00005830: 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e22 206f 6620 7468 d Version\" of th\n+00005840: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d 6561 6e73 e Document means\n+00005850: 2061 6e79 2077 6f72 6b20 636f 6e74 6169 any work contai\n+00005860: 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 446f ning the. Do\n+00005870: 6375 6d65 6e74 206f 7220 6120 706f 7274 cument or a port\n+00005880: 696f 6e20 6f66 2069 742c 2065 6974 6865 ion of it, eithe\n+00005890: 7220 636f 7069 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 r copied verbati\n+000058a0: 6d2c 206f 7220 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 m, or with. \n+000058b0: 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 616e modifications an\n+000058c0: 642f 6f72 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 6420 d/or translated \n+000058d0: 696e 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206c 616e into another lan\n+000058e0: 6775 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 guage... A \"\n+000058f0: 5365 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f Secondary Sectio\n+00005900: 6e22 2069 7320 6120 6e61 6d65 6420 6170 n\" is a named ap\n+00005910: 7065 6e64 6978 206f 7220 6120 6672 6f6e pendix or a fron\n+00005920: 742d 6d61 7474 6572 2073 6563 7469 6f6e t-matter section\n+00005930: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 . of the Doc\n+00005940: 756d 656e 7420 7468 6174 2064 6561 6c73 ument that deals\n+00005950: 2065 7863 6c75 7369 7665 6c79 2077 6974 exclusively wit\n+00005960: 6820 7468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 6f6e 7368 h the relationsh\n+00005970: 6970 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 ip of the. p\n+00005980: 7562 6c69 7368 6572 7320 6f72 2061 7574 ublishers or aut\n+00005990: 686f 7273 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 hors of the Docu\n+000059a0: 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 446f 6375 ment to the Docu\n+000059b0: 6d65 6e74 2773 206f 7665 7261 6c6c 0a20 ment's overall. \n+000059c0: 2020 2020 7375 626a 6563 7420 286f 7220 subject (or \n+000059d0: 746f 2072 656c 6174 6564 206d 6174 7465 to related matte\n+000059e0: 7273 2920 616e 6420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 rs) and contains\n+000059f0: 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2074 6861 7420 636f nothing that co\n+00005a00: 756c 640a 2020 2020 2066 616c 6c20 6469 uld. fall di\n+00005a10: 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 rectly within th\n+00005a20: 6174 206f 7665 7261 6c6c 2073 7562 6a65 at overall subje\n+00005a30: 6374 2e20 2028 5468 7573 2c20 6966 2074 ct. (Thus, if t\n+00005a40: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 he Document. \n+00005a50: 2069 7320 696e 2070 6172 7420 6120 7465 is in part a te\n+00005a60: 7874 626f 6f6b 206f 6620 6d61 7468 656d xtbook of mathem\n+00005a70: 6174 6963 732c 2061 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 atics, a Seconda\n+00005a80: 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 206e ry Section may n\n+00005a90: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6169 6e20 ot. explain \n+00005aa0: 616e 7920 6d61 7468 656d 6174 6963 732e any mathematics.\n+00005ab0: 2920 2054 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f 6e73 ) The relations\n+00005ac0: 6869 7020 636f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206d hip could be a m\n+00005ad0: 6174 7465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 6869 atter of. hi\n+00005ae0: 7374 6f72 6963 616c 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 storical connect\n+00005af0: 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 7562 ion with the sub\n+00005b00: 6a65 6374 206f 7220 7769 7468 2072 656c ject or with rel\n+00005b10: 6174 6564 206d 6174 7465 7273 2c20 6f72 ated matters, or\n+00005b20: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 206c 6567 616c 2c20 . of legal, \n+00005b30: 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 2c20 7068 696c commercial, phil\n+00005b40: 6f73 6f70 6869 6361 6c2c 2065 7468 6963 osophical, ethic\n+00005b50: 616c 206f 7220 706f 6c69 7469 6361 6c20 al or political \n+00005b60: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 position. re\n+00005b70: 6761 7264 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 garding them... \n+00005b80: 2020 2020 5468 6520 2249 6e76 6172 6961 The \"Invaria\n+00005b90: 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7322 2061 7265 nt Sections\" are\n+00005ba0: 2063 6572 7461 696e 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 certain Seconda\n+00005bb0: 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 7768 6f73 ry Sections whos\n+00005bc0: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6172 e. titles ar\n+00005bd0: 6520 6465 7369 676e 6174 6564 2c20 6173 e designated, as\n+00005be0: 2062 6569 6e67 2074 686f 7365 206f 6620 being those of \n+00005bf0: 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f Invariant Sectio\n+00005c00: 6e73 2c20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ns, in the. \n+00005c10: 6e6f 7469 6365 2074 6861 7420 7361 7973 notice that says\n+00005c20: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 that the Docume\n+00005c30: 6e74 2069 7320 7265 6c65 6173 6564 2075 nt is released u\n+00005c40: 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 nder this Licens\n+00005c50: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2073 6563 e.. If a sec\n+00005c60: 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6669 tion does not fi\n+00005c70: 7420 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6465 6669 t the above defi\n+00005c80: 6e69 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 5365 636f 6e64 nition of Second\n+00005c90: 6172 7920 7468 656e 2069 740a 2020 2020 ary then it. \n+00005ca0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 is not allowed \n+00005cb0: 746f 2062 6520 6465 7369 676e 6174 6564 to be designated\n+00005cc0: 2061 7320 496e 7661 7269 616e 742e 2020 as Invariant. \n+00005cd0: 5468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d 6179 The Document may\n+00005ce0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 7a65 . contain ze\n+00005cf0: 726f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 ro Invariant Sec\n+00005d00: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2044 tions. If the D\n+00005d10: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 ocument does not\n+00005d20: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 790a 2020 2020 2061 identify. a\n+00005d30: 6e79 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 ny Invariant Sec\n+00005d40: 7469 6f6e 7320 7468 656e 2074 6865 7265 tions then there\n+00005d50: 2061 7265 206e 6f6e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 are none... \n+00005d60: 2054 6865 2022 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 The \"Cover Text\n+00005d70: 7322 2061 7265 2063 6572 7461 696e 2073 s\" are certain s\n+00005d80: 686f 7274 2070 6173 7361 6765 7320 6f66 hort passages of\n+00005d90: 2074 6578 7420 7468 6174 2061 7265 0a20 text that are. \n+00005da0: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2c20 6173 2046 listed, as F\n+00005db0: 726f 6e74 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 ront-Cover Texts\n+00005dc0: 206f 7220 4261 636b 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 or Back-Cover T\n+00005dd0: 6578 7473 2c20 696e 2074 6865 206e 6f74 exts, in the not\n+00005de0: 6963 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7361 ice. that sa\n+00005df0: 7973 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 446f 6375 ys that the Docu\n+00005e00: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 7265 6c65 6173 6564 ment is released\n+00005e10: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 under this Lice\n+00005e20: 6e73 652e 2020 410a 2020 2020 2046 726f nse. A. Fro\n+00005e30: 6e74 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7420 6d61 nt-Cover Text ma\n+00005e40: 7920 6265 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2035 2077 y be at most 5 w\n+00005e50: 6f72 6473 2c20 616e 6420 6120 4261 636b ords, and a Back\n+00005e60: 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7420 6d61 790a -Cover Text may.\n+00005e70: 2020 2020 2062 6520 6174 206d 6f73 7420 be at most \n+00005e80: 3235 2077 6f72 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 25 words... \n+00005e90: 4120 2254 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2220 A \"Transparent\" \n+00005ea0: 636f 7079 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 copy of the Docu\n+00005eb0: 6d65 6e74 206d 6561 6e73 2061 206d 6163 ment means a mac\n+00005ec0: 6869 6e65 2d72 6561 6461 626c 6520 636f hine-readable co\n+00005ed0: 7079 2c0a 2020 2020 2072 6570 7265 7365 py,. represe\n+00005ee0: 6e74 6564 2069 6e20 6120 666f 726d 6174 nted in a format\n+00005ef0: 2077 686f 7365 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 whose specifica\n+00005f00: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c tion is availabl\n+00005f10: 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6765 e to the. ge\n+00005f20: 6e65 7261 6c20 7075 626c 6963 2c20 7468 neral public, th\n+00005f30: 6174 2069 7320 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 at is suitable f\n+00005f40: 6f72 2072 6576 6973 696e 6720 7468 6520 or revising the \n+00005f50: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7374 document. st\n+00005f60: 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 646c 7920 raightforwardly \n+00005f70: 7769 7468 2067 656e 6572 6963 2074 6578 with generic tex\n+00005f80: 7420 6564 6974 6f72 7320 6f72 2028 666f t editors or (fo\n+00005f90: 7220 696d 6167 6573 2063 6f6d 706f 7365 r images compose\n+00005fa0: 640a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7069 7865 6c73 d. of pixels\n+00005fb0: 2920 6765 6e65 7269 6320 7061 696e 7420 ) generic paint \n+00005fc0: 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 206f 7220 2866 6f72 programs or (for\n+00005fd0: 2064 7261 7769 6e67 7329 2073 6f6d 6520 drawings) some \n+00005fe0: 7769 6465 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 widely. avai\n+00005ff0: 6c61 626c 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 6564 lable drawing ed\n+00006000: 6974 6f72 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6174 2069 itor, and that i\n+00006010: 7320 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2069 s suitable for i\n+00006020: 6e70 7574 2074 6f20 7465 7874 0a20 2020 nput to text. \n+00006030: 2020 666f 726d 6174 7465 7273 206f 7220 formatters or \n+00006040: 666f 7220 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 7472 for automatic tr\n+00006050: 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2061 2076 anslation to a v\n+00006060: 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 666f 726d 6174 ariety of format\n+00006070: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 s. suitable \n+00006080: 666f 7220 696e 7075 7420 746f 2074 6578 for input to tex\n+00006090: 7420 666f 726d 6174 7465 7273 2e20 2041 t formatters. A\n+000060a0: 2063 6f70 7920 6d61 6465 2069 6e20 616e copy made in an\n+000060b0: 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 0a20 2020 2020 otherwise. \n+000060c0: 5472 616e 7370 6172 656e 7420 6669 6c65 Transparent file\n+000060d0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7768 6f73 6520 6d61 format whose ma\n+000060e0: 726b 7570 2c20 6f72 2061 6273 656e 6365 rkup, or absence\n+000060f0: 206f 6620 6d61 726b 7570 2c20 6861 730a of markup, has.\n+00006100: 2020 2020 2062 6565 6e20 6172 7261 6e67 been arrang\n+00006110: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 7761 7274 206f 7220 ed to thwart or \n+00006120: 6469 7363 6f75 7261 6765 2073 7562 7365 discourage subse\n+00006130: 7175 656e 7420 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 quent modificati\n+00006140: 6f6e 2062 790a 2020 2020 2072 6561 6465 on by. reade\n+00006150: 7273 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 5472 616e 7370 rs is not Transp\n+00006160: 6172 656e 742e 2020 416e 2069 6d61 6765 arent. An image\n+00006170: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2054 format is not T\n+00006180: 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2069 660a 2020 ransparent if. \n+00006190: 2020 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 616e 7920 used for any \n+000061a0: 7375 6273 7461 6e74 6961 6c20 616d 6f75 substantial amou\n+000061b0: 6e74 206f 6620 7465 7874 2e20 2041 2063 nt of text. A c\n+000061c0: 6f70 7920 7468 6174 2069 7320 6e6f 740a opy that is not.\n+000061d0: 2020 2020 2022 5472 616e 7370 6172 656e \"Transparen\n+000061e0: 7422 2069 7320 6361 6c6c 6564 2022 4f70 t\" is called \"Op\n+000061f0: 6171 7565 222e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7861 aque\"... Exa\n+00006200: 6d70 6c65 7320 6f66 2073 7569 7461 626c mples of suitabl\n+00006210: 6520 666f 726d 6174 7320 666f 7220 5472 e formats for Tr\n+00006220: 616e 7370 6172 656e 7420 636f 7069 6573 ansparent copies\n+00006230: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2070 6c61 696e 0a20 include plain. \n+00006240: 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 7769 7468 6f75 ASCII withou\n+00006250: 7420 6d61 726b 7570 2c20 5465 7869 6e66 t markup, Texinf\n+00006260: 6f20 696e 7075 7420 666f 726d 6174 2c20 o input format, \n+00006270: 4c61 5465 5820 696e 7075 7420 666f 726d LaTeX input form\n+00006280: 6174 2c0a 2020 2020 2053 474d 4c20 6f72 at,. SGML or\n+00006290: 2058 4d4c 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2070 7562 XML using a pub\n+000062a0: 6c69 636c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 licly available \n+000062b0: 4454 442c 2061 6e64 2073 7461 6e64 6172 DTD, and standar\n+000062c0: 642d 636f 6e66 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a20 2020 d-conforming. \n+000062d0: 2020 7369 6d70 6c65 2048 544d 4c2c 2050 simple HTML, P\n+000062e0: 6f73 7453 6372 6970 7420 6f72 2050 4446 ostScript or PDF\n+000062f0: 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 666f 7220 6875 designed for hu\n+00006300: 6d61 6e20 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e man modification\n+00006310: 2e0a 2020 2020 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 7320 .. Examples \n+00006320: 6f66 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2069 of transparent i\n+00006330: 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 2069 6e63 mage formats inc\n+00006340: 6c75 6465 2050 4e47 2c20 5843 4620 616e lude PNG, XCF an\n+00006350: 6420 4a50 472e 0a20 2020 2020 4f70 6171 d JPG.. Opaq\n+00006360: 7565 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 2069 6e63 6c75 ue formats inclu\n+00006370: 6465 2070 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 2066 de proprietary f\n+00006380: 6f72 6d61 7473 2074 6861 7420 6361 6e20 ormats that can \n+00006390: 6265 2072 6561 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 be read and. \n+000063a0: 2065 6469 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2062 7920 edited only by \n+000063b0: 7072 6f70 7269 6574 6172 7920 776f 7264 proprietary word\n+000063c0: 2070 726f 6365 7373 6f72 732c 2053 474d processors, SGM\n+000063d0: 4c20 6f72 2058 4d4c 2066 6f72 2077 6869 L or XML for whi\n+000063e0: 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 4454 4420 ch. the DTD \n+000063f0: 616e 642f 6f72 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e and/or processin\n+00006400: 6720 746f 6f6c 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 g tools are not \n+00006410: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 generally availa\n+00006420: 626c 652c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ble, and. th\n+00006430: 6520 6d61 6368 696e 652d 6765 6e65 7261 e machine-genera\n+00006440: 7465 6420 4854 4d4c 2c20 506f 7374 5363 ted HTML, PostSc\n+00006450: 7269 7074 206f 7220 5044 4620 7072 6f64 ript or PDF prod\n+00006460: 7563 6564 2062 7920 736f 6d65 2077 6f72 uced by some wor\n+00006470: 640a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6365 7373 6f72 d. processor\n+00006480: 7320 666f 7220 6f75 7470 7574 2070 7572 s for output pur\n+00006490: 706f 7365 7320 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 poses only... \n+000064a0: 2020 5468 6520 2254 6974 6c65 2050 6167 The \"Title Pag\n+000064b0: 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2c20 666f 7220 6120 e\" means, for a \n+000064c0: 7072 696e 7465 6420 626f 6f6b 2c20 7468 printed book, th\n+000064d0: 6520 7469 746c 6520 7061 6765 2069 7473 e title page its\n+000064e0: 656c 662c 0a20 2020 2020 706c 7573 2073 elf,. plus s\n+000064f0: 7563 6820 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7061 uch following pa\n+00006500: 6765 7320 6173 2061 7265 206e 6565 6465 ges as are neede\n+00006510: 6420 746f 2068 6f6c 642c 206c 6567 6962 d to hold, legib\n+00006520: 6c79 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6174 ly, the. mat\n+00006530: 6572 6961 6c20 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e erial this Licen\n+00006540: 7365 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 746f 2061 se requires to a\n+00006550: 7070 6561 7220 696e 2074 6865 2074 6974 ppear in the tit\n+00006560: 6c65 2070 6167 652e 2020 466f 720a 2020 le page. For. \n+00006570: 2020 2077 6f72 6b73 2069 6e20 666f 726d works in form\n+00006580: 6174 7320 7768 6963 6820 646f 206e 6f74 ats which do not\n+00006590: 2068 6176 6520 616e 7920 7469 746c 6520 have any title \n+000065a0: 7061 6765 2061 7320 7375 6368 2c20 2254 page as such, \"T\n+000065b0: 6974 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5061 6765 2220 itle. Page\" \n+000065c0: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7465 7874 206e means the text n\n+000065d0: 6561 7220 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2070 726f ear the most pro\n+000065e0: 6d69 6e65 6e74 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 minent appearanc\n+000065f0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 776f e of the. wo\n+00006600: 726b 2773 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 7072 6563 rk's title, prec\n+00006610: 6564 696e 6720 7468 6520 6265 6769 6e6e eding the beginn\n+00006620: 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f64 7920 ing of the body \n+00006630: 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e 0a0a 2020 of the text... \n+00006640: 2020 2041 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2022 456e A section \"En\n+00006650: 7469 746c 6564 2058 595a 2220 6d65 616e titled XYZ\" mean\n+00006660: 7320 6120 6e61 6d65 6420 7375 6275 6e69 s a named subuni\n+00006670: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e t of the Documen\n+00006680: 740a 2020 2020 2077 686f 7365 2074 6974 t. whose tit\n+00006690: 6c65 2065 6974 6865 7220 6973 2070 7265 le either is pre\n+000066a0: 6369 7365 6c79 2058 595a 206f 7220 636f cisely XYZ or co\n+000066b0: 6e74 6169 6e73 2058 595a 2069 6e20 7061 ntains XYZ in pa\n+000066c0: 7265 6e74 6865 7365 730a 2020 2020 2066 rentheses. f\n+000066d0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6578 7420 7468 ollowing text th\n+000066e0: 6174 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 7320 5859 at translates XY\n+000066f0: 5a20 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206c 616e Z in another lan\n+00006700: 6775 6167 652e 2020 2848 6572 6520 5859 guage. (Here XY\n+00006710: 5a0a 2020 2020 2073 7461 6e64 7320 666f Z. stands fo\n+00006720: 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 6563 r a specific sec\n+00006730: 7469 6f6e 206e 616d 6520 6d65 6e74 696f tion name mentio\n+00006740: 6e65 6420 6265 6c6f 772c 2073 7563 6820 ned below, such \n+00006750: 6173 0a20 2020 2020 2241 636b 6e6f 776c as. \"Acknowl\n+00006760: 6564 6765 6d65 6e74 7322 2c20 2244 6564 edgements\", \"Ded\n+00006770: 6963 6174 696f 6e73 222c 2022 456e 646f ications\", \"Endo\n+00006780: 7273 656d 656e 7473 222c 206f 7220 2248 rsements\", or \"H\n+00006790: 6973 746f 7279 222e 290a 2020 2020 2054 istory\".). T\n+000067a0: 6f20 2250 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 o \"Preserve the \n+000067b0: 5469 746c 6522 206f 6620 7375 6368 2061 Title\" of such a\n+000067c0: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 6e20 796f section when yo\n+000067d0: 7520 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6865 0a20 2020 u modify the. \n+000067e0: 2020 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d 6561 6e73 Document means\n+000067f0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2072 656d 6169 6e73 that it remains\n+00006800: 2061 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2022 456e 7469 a section \"Enti\n+00006810: 746c 6564 2058 595a 2220 6163 636f 7264 tled XYZ\" accord\n+00006820: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7468 6973 ing. to this\n+00006830: 2064 6566 696e 6974 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 definition... \n+00006840: 2020 2054 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 The Document \n+00006850: 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 6520 5761 7272 may include Warr\n+00006860: 616e 7479 2044 6973 636c 6169 6d65 7273 anty Disclaimers\n+00006870: 206e 6578 7420 746f 2074 6865 206e 6f74 next to the not\n+00006880: 6963 650a 2020 2020 2077 6869 6368 2073 ice. which s\n+00006890: 7461 7465 7320 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 tates that this \n+000068a0: 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 7320 License applies \n+000068b0: 746f 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742e to the Document.\n+000068c0: 2020 5468 6573 650a 2020 2020 2057 6172 These. War\n+000068d0: 7261 6e74 7920 4469 7363 6c61 696d 6572 ranty Disclaimer\n+000068e0: 7320 6172 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 s are considered\n+000068f0: 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 to be included \n+00006900: 6279 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 2069 6e0a by reference in.\n+00006910: 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 this Licens\n+00006920: 652c 2062 7574 206f 6e6c 7920 6173 2072 e, but only as r\n+00006930: 6567 6172 6473 2064 6973 636c 6169 6d69 egards disclaimi\n+00006940: 6e67 2077 6172 7261 6e74 6965 733a 2061 ng warranties: a\n+00006950: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 696d ny other. im\n+00006960: 706c 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2074 plication that t\n+00006970: 6865 7365 2057 6172 7261 6e74 7920 4469 hese Warranty Di\n+00006980: 7363 6c61 696d 6572 7320 6d61 7920 6861 sclaimers may ha\n+00006990: 7665 2069 7320 766f 6964 2061 6e64 0a20 ve is void and. \n+000069a0: 2020 2020 6861 7320 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 has no effec\n+000069b0: 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 t on the meaning\n+000069c0: 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 of this License\n+000069d0: 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 5645 5242 4154 494d ... 2. VERBATIM\n+000069e0: 2043 4f50 5949 4e47 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 COPYING.. Y\n+000069f0: 6f75 206d 6179 2063 6f70 7920 616e 6420 ou may copy and \n+00006a00: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2074 6865 2044 distribute the D\n+00006a10: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 696e 2061 6e79 206d ocument in any m\n+00006a20: 6564 6975 6d2c 2065 6974 6865 720a 2020 edium, either. \n+00006a30: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c6c 7920 commercially \n+00006a40: 6f72 206e 6f6e 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c or noncommercial\n+00006a50: 6c79 2c20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2074 6861 ly, provided tha\n+00006a60: 7420 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 t this License, \n+00006a70: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 7972 6967 the. copyrig\n+00006a80: 6874 206e 6f74 6963 6573 2c20 616e 6420 ht notices, and \n+00006a90: 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6e6f 7469 the license noti\n+00006aa0: 6365 2073 6179 696e 6720 7468 6973 204c ce saying this L\n+00006ab0: 6963 656e 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6170 706c icense. appl\n+00006ac0: 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d ies to the Docum\n+00006ad0: 656e 7420 6172 6520 7265 7072 6f64 7563 ent are reproduc\n+00006ae0: 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 636f 7069 6573 ed in all copies\n+00006af0: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a20 , and that you. \n+00006b00: 2020 2020 6164 6420 6e6f 206f 7468 6572 add no other\n+00006b10: 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 7768 6174 conditions what\n+00006b20: 736f 6576 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6f73 6520 soever to those \n+00006b30: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652e of this License.\n+00006b40: 2020 596f 750a 2020 2020 206d 6179 206e You. may n\n+00006b50: 6f74 2075 7365 2074 6563 686e 6963 616c ot use technical\n+00006b60: 206d 6561 7375 7265 7320 746f 206f 6273 measures to obs\n+00006b70: 7472 7563 7420 6f72 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c truct or control\n+00006b80: 2074 6865 2072 6561 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 the reading. \n+00006b90: 2020 6f72 2066 7572 7468 6572 2063 6f70 or further cop\n+00006ba0: 7969 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7069 ying of the copi\n+00006bb0: 6573 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6f72 2064 es you make or d\n+00006bc0: 6973 7472 6962 7574 652e 2020 486f 7765 istribute. Howe\n+00006bd0: 7665 722c 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 6d61 ver,. you ma\n+00006be0: 7920 6163 6365 7074 2063 6f6d 7065 6e73 y accept compens\n+00006bf0: 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2065 7863 6861 6e67 ation in exchang\n+00006c00: 6520 666f 7220 636f 7069 6573 2e20 2049 e for copies. I\n+00006c10: 6620 796f 750a 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 f you. distr\n+00006c20: 6962 7574 6520 6120 6c61 7267 6520 656e ibute a large en\n+00006c30: 6f75 6768 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 ough number of c\n+00006c40: 6f70 6965 7320 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2061 opies you must a\n+00006c50: 6c73 6f20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 0a20 lso follow the. \n+00006c60: 2020 2020 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2069 conditions i\n+00006c70: 6e20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 332e 0a0a 2020 n section 3... \n+00006c80: 2020 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2061 6c73 6f20 You may also \n+00006c90: 6c65 6e64 2063 6f70 6965 732c 2075 6e64 lend copies, und\n+00006ca0: 6572 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e64 er the same cond\n+00006cb0: 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 6420 6162 itions stated ab\n+00006cc0: 6f76 652c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 796f ove,. and yo\n+00006cd0: 7520 6d61 7920 7075 626c 6963 6c79 2064 u may publicly d\n+00006ce0: 6973 706c 6179 2063 6f70 6965 732e 0a0a isplay copies...\n+00006cf0: 2020 332e 2043 4f50 5949 4e47 2049 4e20 3. COPYING IN \n+00006d00: 5155 414e 5449 5459 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 QUANTITY.. I\n+00006d10: 6620 796f 7520 7075 626c 6973 6820 7072 f you publish pr\n+00006d20: 696e 7465 6420 636f 7069 6573 2028 6f72 inted copies (or\n+00006d30: 2063 6f70 6965 7320 696e 206d 6564 6961 copies in media\n+00006d40: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e 6c79 0a20 that commonly. \n+00006d50: 2020 2020 6861 7665 2070 7269 6e74 6564 have printed\n+00006d60: 2063 6f76 6572 7329 206f 6620 7468 6520 covers) of the \n+00006d70: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2c20 6e75 6d62 6572 Document, number\n+00006d80: 696e 6720 6d6f 7265 2074 6861 6e20 3130 ing more than 10\n+00006d90: 302c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 0, and. the \n+00006da0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2773 206c 6963 656e Document's licen\n+00006db0: 7365 206e 6f74 6963 6520 7265 7175 6972 se notice requir\n+00006dc0: 6573 2043 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 2c20 es Cover Texts, \n+00006dd0: 796f 7520 6d75 7374 0a20 2020 2020 656e you must. en\n+00006de0: 636c 6f73 6520 7468 6520 636f 7069 6573 close the copies\n+00006df0: 2069 6e20 636f 7665 7273 2074 6861 7420 in covers that \n+00006e00: 6361 7272 792c 2063 6c65 6172 6c79 2061 carry, clearly a\n+00006e10: 6e64 206c 6567 6962 6c79 2c20 616c 6c0a nd legibly, all.\n+00006e20: 2020 2020 2074 6865 7365 2043 6f76 6572 these Cover\n+00006e30: 2054 6578 7473 3a20 4672 6f6e 742d 436f Texts: Front-Co\n+00006e40: 7665 7220 5465 7874 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 ver Texts on the\n+00006e50: 2066 726f 6e74 2063 6f76 6572 2c20 616e front cover, an\n+00006e60: 640a 2020 2020 2042 6163 6b2d 436f 7665 d. Back-Cove\n+00006e70: 7220 5465 7874 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 r Texts on the b\n+00006e80: 6163 6b20 636f 7665 722e 2020 426f 7468 ack cover. Both\n+00006e90: 2063 6f76 6572 7320 6d75 7374 2061 6c73 covers must als\n+00006ea0: 6f20 636c 6561 726c 790a 2020 2020 2061 o clearly. a\n+00006eb0: 6e64 206c 6567 6962 6c79 2069 6465 6e74 nd legibly ident\n+00006ec0: 6966 7920 796f 7520 6173 2074 6865 2070 ify you as the p\n+00006ed0: 7562 6c69 7368 6572 206f 6620 7468 6573 ublisher of thes\n+00006ee0: 6520 636f 7069 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 e copies. The. \n+00006ef0: 2020 2020 6672 6f6e 7420 636f 7665 7220 front cover \n+00006f00: 6d75 7374 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2074 6865 must present the\n+00006f10: 2066 756c 6c20 7469 746c 6520 7769 7468 full title with\n+00006f20: 2061 6c6c 2077 6f72 6473 206f 6620 7468 all words of th\n+00006f30: 6520 7469 746c 650a 2020 2020 2065 7175 e title. equ\n+00006f40: 616c 6c79 2070 726f 6d69 6e65 6e74 2061 ally prominent a\n+00006f50: 6e64 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2e20 2059 6f75 nd visible. You\n+00006f60: 206d 6179 2061 6464 206f 7468 6572 206d may add other m\n+00006f70: 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 aterial on the. \n+00006f80: 2020 2020 636f 7665 7273 2069 6e20 6164 covers in ad\n+00006f90: 6469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 dition. Copying\n+00006fa0: 2077 6974 6820 6368 616e 6765 7320 6c69 with changes li\n+00006fb0: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f76 mited to the cov\n+00006fc0: 6572 732c 2061 730a 2020 2020 206c 6f6e ers, as. lon\n+00006fd0: 6720 6173 2074 6865 7920 7072 6573 6572 g as they preser\n+00006fe0: 7665 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 ve the title of \n+00006ff0: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2061 6e64 the Document and\n+00007000: 2073 6174 6973 6679 2074 6865 7365 0a20 satisfy these. \n+00007010: 2020 2020 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2c20 conditions, \n+00007020: 6361 6e20 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 can be treated a\n+00007030: 7320 7665 7262 6174 696d 2063 6f70 7969 s verbatim copyi\n+00007040: 6e67 2069 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 7265 7370 ng in other resp\n+00007050: 6563 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 ects... If t\n+00007060: 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 7465 7874 he required text\n+00007070: 7320 666f 7220 6569 7468 6572 2063 6f76 s for either cov\n+00007080: 6572 2061 7265 2074 6f6f 2076 6f6c 756d er are too volum\n+00007090: 696e 6f75 7320 746f 2066 6974 0a20 2020 inous to fit. \n+000070a0: 2020 6c65 6769 626c 792c 2079 6f75 2073 legibly, you s\n+000070b0: 686f 756c 6420 7075 7420 7468 6520 6669 hould put the fi\n+000070c0: 7273 7420 6f6e 6573 206c 6973 7465 6420 rst ones listed \n+000070d0: 2861 7320 6d61 6e79 2061 7320 6669 740a (as many as fit.\n+000070e0: 2020 2020 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 7929 reasonably)\n+000070f0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 2063 on the actual c\n+00007100: 6f76 6572 2c20 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e over, and contin\n+00007110: 7565 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f6e 746f ue the rest onto\n+00007120: 0a20 2020 2020 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2070 . adjacent p\n+00007130: 6167 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 ages... If y\n+00007140: 6f75 2070 7562 6c69 7368 206f 7220 6469 ou publish or di\n+00007150: 7374 7269 6275 7465 204f 7061 7175 6520 stribute Opaque \n+00007160: 636f 7069 6573 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f copies of the Do\n+00007170: 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 cument. numb\n+00007180: 6572 696e 6720 6d6f 7265 2074 6861 6e20 ering more than \n+00007190: 3130 302c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 6569 100, you must ei\n+000071a0: 7468 6572 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2061 206d ther include a m\n+000071b0: 6163 6869 6e65 2d72 6561 6461 626c 650a achine-readable.\n+000071c0: 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 Transparent\n+000071d0: 2063 6f70 7920 616c 6f6e 6720 7769 7468 copy along with\n+000071e0: 2065 6163 6820 4f70 6171 7565 2063 6f70 each Opaque cop\n+000071f0: 792c 206f 7220 7374 6174 6520 696e 206f y, or state in o\n+00007200: 7220 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6561 6368 r with. each\n+00007210: 204f 7061 7175 6520 636f 7079 2061 2063 Opaque copy a c\n+00007220: 6f6d 7075 7465 722d 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 omputer-network \n+00007230: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7768 location from wh\n+00007240: 6963 6820 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 6c0a ich the general.\n+00007250: 2020 2020 206e 6574 776f 726b 2d75 7369 network-usi\n+00007260: 6e67 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6861 7320 6163 ng public has ac\n+00007270: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 646f 776e 6c6f 6164 cess to download\n+00007280: 2075 7369 6e67 2070 7562 6c69 632d 7374 using public-st\n+00007290: 616e 6461 7264 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7477 andard. netw\n+000072a0: 6f72 6b20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 7320 6120 ork protocols a \n+000072b0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 2054 7261 6e73 7061 complete Transpa\n+000072c0: 7265 6e74 2063 6f70 7920 6f66 2074 6865 rent copy of the\n+000072d0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742c 2066 7265 650a Document, free.\n+000072e0: 2020 2020 206f 6620 6164 6465 6420 6d61 of added ma\n+000072f0: 7465 7269 616c 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 terial. If you \n+00007300: 7573 6520 7468 6520 6c61 7474 6572 206f use the latter o\n+00007310: 7074 696f 6e2c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 ption, you must \n+00007320: 7461 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6173 6f6e take. reason\n+00007330: 6162 6c79 2070 7275 6465 6e74 2073 7465 ably prudent ste\n+00007340: 7073 2c20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2062 6567 ps, when you beg\n+00007350: 696e 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 in distribution \n+00007360: 6f66 204f 7061 7175 650a 2020 2020 2063 of Opaque. c\n+00007370: 6f70 6965 7320 696e 2071 7561 6e74 6974 opies in quantit\n+00007380: 792c 2074 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 y, to ensure tha\n+00007390: 7420 7468 6973 2054 7261 6e73 7061 7265 t this Transpare\n+000073a0: 6e74 2063 6f70 7920 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 nt copy will. \n+000073b0: 2020 7265 6d61 696e 2074 6875 7320 6163 remain thus ac\n+000073c0: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2061 7420 7468 6520 cessible at the \n+000073d0: 7374 6174 6564 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 stated location \n+000073e0: 756e 7469 6c20 6174 206c 6561 7374 206f until at least o\n+000073f0: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7965 6172 2061 6674 ne. year aft\n+00007400: 6572 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 7469 6d65 er the last time\n+00007410: 2079 6f75 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 you distribute \n+00007420: 616e 204f 7061 7175 6520 636f 7079 2028 an Opaque copy (\n+00007430: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 206f 720a 2020 2020 directly or. \n+00007440: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2079 6f75 7220 6167 through your ag\n+00007450: 656e 7473 206f 7220 7265 7461 696c 6572 ents or retailer\n+00007460: 7329 206f 6620 7468 6174 2065 6469 7469 s) of that editi\n+00007470: 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7075 626c 6963 on to the public\n+00007480: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 7265 ... It is re\n+00007490: 7175 6573 7465 642c 2062 7574 206e 6f74 quested, but not\n+000074a0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 642c 2074 6861 7420 required, that \n+000074b0: 796f 7520 636f 6e74 6163 7420 7468 6520 you contact the \n+000074c0: 6175 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 authors of. \n+000074d0: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2077 656c the Document wel\n+000074e0: 6c20 6265 666f 7265 2072 6564 6973 7472 l before redistr\n+000074f0: 6962 7574 696e 6720 616e 7920 6c61 7267 ibuting any larg\n+00007500: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f 7069 e number of copi\n+00007510: 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6769 7665 es,. to give\n+00007520: 2074 6865 6d20 6120 6368 616e 6365 2074 them a chance t\n+00007530: 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 796f 7520 7769 o provide you wi\n+00007540: 7468 2061 6e20 7570 6461 7465 6420 7665 th an updated ve\n+00007550: 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 rsion of the. \n+00007560: 2020 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2034 Document... 4\n+00007570: 2e20 4d4f 4449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 530a . MODIFICATIONS.\n+00007580: 0a20 2020 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 636f . You may co\n+00007590: 7079 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 py and distribut\n+000075a0: 6520 6120 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 e a Modified Ver\n+000075b0: 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 sion of the Docu\n+000075c0: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6465 7220 ment. under \n+000075d0: 7468 6520 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 206f the conditions o\n+000075e0: 6620 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2032 2061 6e64 f sections 2 and\n+000075f0: 2033 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7072 6f76 6964 3 above, provid\n+00007600: 6564 2074 6861 7420 796f 750a 2020 2020 ed that you. \n+00007610: 2072 656c 6561 7365 2074 6865 204d 6f64 release the Mod\n+00007620: 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e20 756e ified Version un\n+00007630: 6465 7220 7072 6563 6973 656c 7920 7468 der precisely th\n+00007640: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 7769 7468 is License, with\n+00007650: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6469 6669 the. Modifi\n+00007660: 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2066 696c 6c69 ed Version filli\n+00007670: 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2074 ng the role of t\n+00007680: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742c 2074 6875 he Document, thu\n+00007690: 7320 6c69 6365 6e73 696e 670a 2020 2020 s licensing. \n+000076a0: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 616e distribution an\n+000076b0: 6420 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 206f d modification o\n+000076c0: 6620 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 f the Modified V\n+000076d0: 6572 7369 6f6e 2074 6f20 7768 6f65 7665 ersion to whoeve\n+000076e0: 720a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7365 7373 6573 r. possesses\n+000076f0: 2061 2063 6f70 7920 6f66 2069 742e 2020 a copy of it. \n+00007700: 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e2c 2079 6f75 In addition, you\n+00007710: 206d 7573 7420 646f 2074 6865 7365 2074 must do these t\n+00007720: 6869 6e67 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 hings in. th\n+00007730: 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 e Modified Versi\n+00007740: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 412e 2055 on:.. A. U\n+00007750: 7365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 5469 746c 6520 se in the Title \n+00007760: 5061 6765 2028 616e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 Page (and on the\n+00007770: 2063 6f76 6572 732c 2069 6620 616e 7929 covers, if any)\n+00007780: 2061 2074 6974 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 a title. \n+00007790: 2020 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 6672 6f6d distinct from\n+000077a0: 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 that of the Doc\n+000077b0: 756d 656e 742c 2061 6e64 2066 726f 6d20 ument, and from \n+000077c0: 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 2070 7265 7669 6f75 those of previou\n+000077d0: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7273 s. vers\n+000077e0: 696f 6e73 2028 7768 6963 6820 7368 6f75 ions (which shou\n+000077f0: 6c64 2c20 6966 2074 6865 7265 2077 6572 ld, if there wer\n+00007800: 6520 616e 792c 2062 6520 6c69 7374 6564 e any, be listed\n+00007810: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n+00007820: 2020 4869 7374 6f72 7920 7365 6374 696f History sectio\n+00007830: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e n of the Documen\n+00007840: 7429 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2075 7365 t). You may use\n+00007850: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7469 746c 650a the same title.\n+00007860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6173 2061 2070 as a p\n+00007870: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e20 revious version \n+00007880: 6966 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 if the original \n+00007890: 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6861 publisher of tha\n+000078a0: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7273 t. vers\n+000078b0: 696f 6e20 6769 7665 7320 7065 726d 6973 ion gives permis\n+000078c0: 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 422e sion... B.\n+000078d0: 204c 6973 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 2054 6974 List on the Tit\n+000078e0: 6c65 2050 6167 652c 2061 7320 6175 7468 le Page, as auth\n+000078f0: 6f72 732c 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 ors, one or more\n+00007900: 2070 6572 736f 6e73 206f 720a 2020 2020 persons or. \n+00007910: 2020 2020 2020 656e 7469 7469 6573 2072 entities r\n+00007920: 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2061 esponsible for a\n+00007930: 7574 686f 7273 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 uthorship of the\n+00007940: 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2069 modifications i\n+00007950: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 n. the \n+00007960: 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e Modified Version\n+00007970: 2c20 746f 6765 7468 6572 2077 6974 6820 , together with \n+00007980: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2066 6976 6520 6f66 at least five of\n+00007990: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 the. p\n+000079a0: 7269 6e63 6970 616c 2061 7574 686f 7273 rincipal authors\n+000079b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 of the Document\n+000079c0: 2028 616c 6c20 6f66 2069 7473 2070 7269 (all of its pri\n+000079d0: 6e63 6970 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ncipal. \n+000079e0: 2061 7574 686f 7273 2c20 6966 2069 7420 authors, if it \n+000079f0: 6861 7320 6665 7765 7220 7468 616e 2066 has fewer than f\n+00007a00: 6976 6529 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 ive), unless the\n+00007a10: 7920 7265 6c65 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 y release you. \n+00007a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 from thi\n+00007a30: 7320 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e 742e 0a0a s requirement...\n+00007a40: 2020 2020 2020 2043 2e20 5374 6174 6520 C. State \n+00007a50: 6f6e 2074 6865 2054 6974 6c65 2070 6167 on the Title pag\n+00007a60: 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 e the name of th\n+00007a70: 6520 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 e publisher of t\n+00007a80: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f64 he. Mod\n+00007a90: 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e2c 2061 ified Version, a\n+00007aa0: 7320 7468 6520 7075 626c 6973 6865 722e s the publisher.\n+00007ab0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2044 2e20 5072 6573 .. D. Pres\n+00007ac0: 6572 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2063 6f70 erve all the cop\n+00007ad0: 7972 6967 6874 206e 6f74 6963 6573 206f yright notices o\n+00007ae0: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2e0a f the Document..\n+00007af0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 452e 2041 6464 2061 . E. Add a\n+00007b00: 6e20 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 636f n appropriate co\n+00007b10: 7079 7269 6768 7420 6e6f 7469 6365 2066 pyright notice f\n+00007b20: 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 or your modifica\n+00007b30: 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tions. \n+00007b40: 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 adjacent to the \n+00007b50: 6f74 6865 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 other copyright \n+00007b60: 6e6f 7469 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 notices... \n+00007b70: 2046 2e20 496e 636c 7564 652c 2069 6d6d F. Include, imm\n+00007b80: 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2061 6674 6572 2074 ediately after t\n+00007b90: 6865 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 206e 6f74 he copyright not\n+00007ba0: 6963 6573 2c20 6120 6c69 6365 6e73 650a ices, a license.\n+00007bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 7469 6365 notice\n+00007bc0: 2067 6976 696e 6720 7468 6520 7075 626c giving the publ\n+00007bd0: 6963 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 746f ic permission to\n+00007be0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 204d 6f64 6966 6965 use the Modifie\n+00007bf0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 d. Vers\n+00007c00: 696f 6e20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 7465 ion under the te\n+00007c10: 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 rms of this Lice\n+00007c20: 6e73 652c 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f 726d nse, in the form\n+00007c30: 2073 686f 776e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 shown in. \n+00007c40: 2020 2020 7468 6520 4164 6465 6e64 756d the Addendum\n+00007c50: 2062 656c 6f77 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 below... \n+00007c60: 472e 2050 7265 7365 7276 6520 696e 2074 G. Preserve in t\n+00007c70: 6861 7420 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6e6f 7469 hat license noti\n+00007c80: 6365 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 6c69 7374 ce the full list\n+00007c90: 7320 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 0a20 s of Invariant. \n+00007ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6563 7469 6f6e Section\n+00007cb0: 7320 616e 6420 7265 7175 6972 6564 2043 s and required C\n+00007cc0: 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 2067 6976 656e over Texts given\n+00007cd0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 in the Document\n+00007ce0: 2773 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6963 's. lic\n+00007cf0: 656e 7365 206e 6f74 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 ense notice... \n+00007d00: 2020 2020 2048 2e20 496e 636c 7564 6520 H. Include \n+00007d10: 616e 2075 6e61 6c74 6572 6564 2063 6f70 an unaltered cop\n+00007d20: 7920 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 y of this Licens\n+00007d30: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2049 2e20 5072 e... I. Pr\n+00007d40: 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 6563 7469 eserve the secti\n+00007d50: 6f6e 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 2248 6973 on Entitled \"His\n+00007d60: 746f 7279 222c 2050 7265 7365 7276 6520 tory\", Preserve \n+00007d70: 6974 7320 5469 746c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 its Title,. \n+00007d80: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2074 6f20 and add to \n+00007d90: 6974 2061 6e20 6974 656d 2073 7461 7469 it an item stati\n+00007da0: 6e67 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 ng at least the \n+00007db0: 7469 746c 652c 2079 6561 722c 206e 6577 title, year, new\n+00007dc0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7574 686f . autho\n+00007dd0: 7273 2c20 616e 6420 7075 626c 6973 6865 rs, and publishe\n+00007de0: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 204d 6f64 6966 6965 r of the Modifie\n+00007df0: 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e20 6173 2067 6976 d Version as giv\n+00007e00: 656e 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 en on the. \n+00007e10: 2020 2020 5469 746c 6520 5061 6765 2e20 Title Page. \n+00007e20: 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 If there is no \n+00007e30: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 456e 7469 746c 6564 section Entitled\n+00007e40: 2022 4869 7374 6f72 7922 2069 6e20 7468 \"History\" in th\n+00007e50: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 6375 e. Docu\n+00007e60: 6d65 6e74 2c20 6372 6561 7465 206f 6e65 ment, create one\n+00007e70: 2073 7461 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2074 6974 stating the tit\n+00007e80: 6c65 2c20 7965 6172 2c20 6175 7468 6f72 le, year, author\n+00007e90: 732c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 s, and. \n+00007ea0: 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6572 206f 6620 7468 publisher of th\n+00007eb0: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2061 7320 6769 e Document as gi\n+00007ec0: 7665 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 2054 6974 6c65 ven on its Title\n+00007ed0: 2050 6167 652c 2074 6865 6e20 6164 640a Page, then add.\n+00007ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 2069 7465 an ite\n+00007ef0: 6d20 6465 7363 7269 6269 6e67 2074 6865 m describing the\n+00007f00: 204d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f Modified Versio\n+00007f10: 6e20 6173 2073 7461 7465 6420 696e 2074 n as stated in t\n+00007f20: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 he. pre\n+00007f30: 7669 6f75 7320 7365 6e74 656e 6365 2e0a vious sentence..\n+00007f40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4a2e 2050 7265 7365 . J. Prese\n+00007f50: 7276 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 rve the network \n+00007f60: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6966 2061 6e79 location, if any\n+00007f70: 2c20 6769 7665 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2044 , given in the D\n+00007f80: 6f63 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ocument. \n+00007f90: 2020 666f 7220 7075 626c 6963 2061 6363 for public acc\n+00007fa0: 6573 7320 746f 2061 2054 7261 6e73 7061 ess to a Transpa\n+00007fb0: 7265 6e74 2063 6f70 7920 6f66 2074 6865 rent copy of the\n+00007fc0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 Document, and. \n+00007fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696b 6577 6973 likewis\n+00007fe0: 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f e the network lo\n+00007ff0: 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6769 7665 6e20 696e cations given in\n+00008000: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 666f the Document fo\n+00008010: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6576 r. prev\n+00008020: 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6974 ious versions it\n+00008030: 2077 6173 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e2e 2020 was based on. \n+00008040: 5468 6573 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2070 6c61 These may be pla\n+00008050: 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ced in the. \n+00008060: 2020 2020 2022 4869 7374 6f72 7922 2073 \"History\" s\n+00008070: 6563 7469 6f6e 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 ection. You may\n+00008080: 206f 6d69 7420 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 omit a network \n+00008090: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 2077 location for a w\n+000080a0: 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 ork. th\n+000080b0: 6174 2077 6173 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 at was published\n+000080c0: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 666f 7572 2079 at least four y\n+000080d0: 6561 7273 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 ears before the \n+000080e0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Document. \n+000080f0: 2020 2069 7473 656c 662c 206f 7220 6966 itself, or if\n+00008100: 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 7075 the original pu\n+00008110: 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2076 blisher of the v\n+00008120: 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7420 7265 6665 7273 ersion it refers\n+00008130: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6769 . to gi\n+00008140: 7665 7320 7065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2e0a ves permission..\n+00008150: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4b2e 2046 6f72 2061 . K. For a\n+00008160: 6e79 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2045 6e74 6974 ny section Entit\n+00008170: 6c65 6420 2241 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 led \"Acknowledge\n+00008180: 6d65 6e74 7322 206f 7220 2244 6564 6963 ments\" or \"Dedic\n+00008190: 6174 696f 6e73 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ations\",. \n+000081a0: 2020 2050 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 Preserve the \n+000081b0: 5469 746c 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6563 Title of the sec\n+000081c0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 7072 6573 6572 tion, and preser\n+000081d0: 7665 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7365 6374 696f ve in the sectio\n+000081e0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616c 6c20 n. all \n+000081f0: 7468 6520 7375 6273 7461 6e63 6520 616e the substance an\n+00008200: 6420 746f 6e65 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f d tone of each o\n+00008210: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6e74 7269 6275 746f f the contributo\n+00008220: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6163 6b6e r. ackn\n+00008230: 6f77 6c65 6467 656d 656e 7473 2061 6e64 owledgements and\n+00008240: 2f6f 7220 6465 6469 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 /or dedications \n+00008250: 6769 7665 6e20 7468 6572 6569 6e2e 0a0a given therein...\n+00008260: 2020 2020 2020 204c 2e20 5072 6573 6572 L. Preser\n+00008270: 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2049 6e76 6172 ve all the Invar\n+00008280: 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 iant Sections of\n+00008290: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742c 2075 the Document, u\n+000082a0: 6e61 6c74 6572 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 naltered. \n+000082b0: 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7465 7874 in their text\n+000082c0: 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7469 and in their ti\n+000082d0: 746c 6573 2e20 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 206e tles. Section n\n+000082e0: 756d 6265 7273 206f 7220 7468 650a 2020 umbers or the. \n+000082f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6571 7569 7661 6c65 equivale\n+00008300: 6e74 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7369 nt are not consi\n+00008310: 6465 7265 6420 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 dered part of th\n+00008320: 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e20 7469 746c 6573 e section titles\n+00008330: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4d2e 2044 656c ... M. Del\n+00008340: 6574 6520 616e 7920 7365 6374 696f 6e20 ete any section \n+00008350: 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 456e 646f 7273 Entitled \"Endors\n+00008360: 656d 656e 7473 222e 2020 5375 6368 2061 ements\". Such a\n+00008370: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 section. \n+00008380: 2020 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 696e may not be in\n+00008390: 636c 7564 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4d6f cluded in the Mo\n+000083a0: 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a dified Version..\n+000083b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4e2e 2044 6f20 6e6f . N. Do no\n+000083c0: 7420 7265 7469 746c 6520 616e 7920 6578 t retitle any ex\n+000083d0: 6973 7469 6e67 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 isting section t\n+000083e0: 6f20 6265 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 640a 2020 o be Entitled. \n+000083f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2245 6e64 6f72 7365 \"Endorse\n+00008400: 6d65 6e74 7322 206f 7220 746f 2063 6f6e ments\" or to con\n+00008410: 666c 6963 7420 696e 2074 6974 6c65 2077 flict in title w\n+00008420: 6974 6820 616e 7920 496e 7661 7269 616e ith any Invarian\n+00008430: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6374 t. Sect\n+00008440: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 204f 2e20 ion... O. \n+00008450: 5072 6573 6572 7665 2061 6e79 2057 6172 Preserve any War\n+00008460: 7261 6e74 7920 4469 7363 6c61 696d 6572 ranty Disclaimer\n+00008470: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 s... If the \n+00008480: 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e Modified Version\n+00008490: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 7320 6e65 7720 6672 includes new fr\n+000084a0: 6f6e 742d 6d61 7474 6572 2073 6563 7469 ont-matter secti\n+000084b0: 6f6e 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 ons or. appe\n+000084c0: 6e64 6963 6573 2074 6861 7420 7175 616c ndices that qual\n+000084d0: 6966 7920 6173 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 ify as Secondary\n+000084e0: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 636f Sections and co\n+000084f0: 6e74 6169 6e20 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 ntain no. ma\n+00008500: 7465 7269 616c 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6672 terial copied fr\n+00008510: 6f6d 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742c om the Document,\n+00008520: 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2061 7420 796f 7572 you may at your\n+00008530: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6465 7369 676e 6174 option designat\n+00008540: 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 6f72 2061 e. some or a\n+00008550: 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 7365 6374 ll of these sect\n+00008560: 696f 6e73 2061 7320 696e 7661 7269 616e ions as invarian\n+00008570: 742e 2020 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 t. To do this, \n+00008580: 6164 6420 7468 6569 720a 2020 2020 2074 add their. t\n+00008590: 6974 6c65 7320 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 itles to the lis\n+000085a0: 7420 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 t of Invariant S\n+000085b0: 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2074 6865 204d ections in the M\n+000085c0: 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e27 odified Version'\n+000085d0: 730a 2020 2020 206c 6963 656e 7365 206e s. license n\n+000085e0: 6f74 6963 652e 2020 5468 6573 6520 7469 otice. These ti\n+000085f0: 746c 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 2064 6973 tles must be dis\n+00008600: 7469 6e63 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 206f tinct from any o\n+00008610: 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 696f ther. sectio\n+00008620: 6e20 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 n titles... \n+00008630: 596f 7520 6d61 7920 6164 6420 6120 7365 You may add a se\n+00008640: 6374 696f 6e20 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 ction Entitled \"\n+00008650: 456e 646f 7273 656d 656e 7473 222c 2070 Endorsements\", p\n+00008660: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6974 2063 6f6e 7461 rovided it conta\n+00008670: 696e 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 ins. nothing\n+00008680: 2062 7574 2065 6e64 6f72 7365 6d65 6e74 but endorsement\n+00008690: 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 4d6f 6469 6669 s of your Modifi\n+000086a0: 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2062 7920 7661 ed Version by va\n+000086b0: 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 rious. parti\n+000086c0: 6573 2d2d 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c es--for example,\n+000086d0: 2073 7461 7465 6d65 6e74 7320 6f66 2070 statements of p\n+000086e0: 6565 7220 7265 7669 6577 206f 7220 7468 eer review or th\n+000086f0: 6174 2074 6865 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 at the text. \n+00008700: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6170 7072 6f76 has been approv\n+00008710: 6564 2062 7920 616e 206f 7267 616e 697a ed by an organiz\n+00008720: 6174 696f 6e20 6173 2074 6865 2061 7574 ation as the aut\n+00008730: 686f 7269 7461 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 horitative. \n+00008740: 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6120 definition of a \n+00008750: 7374 616e 6461 7264 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 standard... \n+00008760: 596f 7520 6d61 7920 6164 6420 6120 7061 You may add a pa\n+00008770: 7373 6167 6520 6f66 2075 7020 746f 2066 ssage of up to f\n+00008780: 6976 6520 776f 7264 7320 6173 2061 2046 ive words as a F\n+00008790: 726f 6e74 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 742c ront-Cover Text,\n+000087a0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6120 7061 7373 . and a pass\n+000087b0: 6167 6520 6f66 2075 7020 746f 2032 3520 age of up to 25 \n+000087c0: 776f 7264 7320 6173 2061 2042 6163 6b2d words as a Back-\n+000087d0: 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 2c20 746f 2074 Cover Text, to t\n+000087e0: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 he end of. t\n+000087f0: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2043 6f76 6572 he list of Cover\n+00008800: 2054 6578 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4d6f Texts in the Mo\n+00008810: 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2e20 dified Version. \n+00008820: 204f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 7061 7373 6167 Only one passag\n+00008830: 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 4672 6f6e 742d e. of Front-\n+00008840: 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 2061 6e64 206f Cover Text and o\n+00008850: 6e65 206f 6620 4261 636b 2d43 6f76 6572 ne of Back-Cover\n+00008860: 2054 6578 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6464 Text may be add\n+00008870: 6564 2062 7920 286f 720a 2020 2020 2074 ed by (or. t\n+00008880: 6872 6f75 6768 2061 7272 616e 6765 6d65 hrough arrangeme\n+00008890: 6e74 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7929 2061 6e79 nts made by) any\n+000088a0: 206f 6e65 2065 6e74 6974 792e 2020 4966 one entity. If\n+000088b0: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a 2020 the Document. \n+000088c0: 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2069 6e63 6c75 already inclu\n+000088d0: 6465 7320 6120 636f 7665 7220 7465 7874 des a cover text\n+000088e0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 636f for the same co\n+000088f0: 7665 722c 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 ver, previously \n+00008900: 6164 6465 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 796f added. by yo\n+00008910: 7520 6f72 2062 7920 6172 7261 6e67 656d u or by arrangem\n+00008920: 656e 7420 6d61 6465 2062 7920 7468 6520 ent made by the \n+00008930: 7361 6d65 2065 6e74 6974 7920 796f 7520 same entity you \n+00008940: 6172 6520 6163 7469 6e67 206f 6e0a 2020 are acting on. \n+00008950: 2020 2062 6568 616c 6620 6f66 2c20 796f behalf of, yo\n+00008960: 7520 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6164 6420 616e u may not add an\n+00008970: 6f74 6865 723b 2062 7574 2079 6f75 206d other; but you m\n+00008980: 6179 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 206f ay replace the o\n+00008990: 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 652c 206f 6e20 ld. one, on \n+000089a0: 6578 706c 6963 6974 2070 6572 6d69 7373 explicit permiss\n+000089b0: 696f 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2070 7265 ion from the pre\n+000089c0: 7669 6f75 7320 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 vious publisher \n+000089d0: 7468 6174 2061 6464 6564 0a20 2020 2020 that added. \n+000089e0: 7468 6520 6f6c 6420 6f6e 652e 0a0a 2020 the old one... \n+000089f0: 2020 2054 6865 2061 7574 686f 7228 7329 The author(s)\n+00008a00: 2061 6e64 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6572 2873 and publisher(s\n+00008a10: 2920 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e ) of the Documen\n+00008a20: 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2062 7920 7468 6973 t do not by this\n+00008a30: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6769 . License gi\n+00008a40: 7665 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 746f ve permission to\n+00008a50: 2075 7365 2074 6865 6972 206e 616d 6573 use their names\n+00008a60: 2066 6f72 2070 7562 6c69 6369 7479 2066 for publicity f\n+00008a70: 6f72 206f 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6173 or or to. as\n+00008a80: 7365 7274 206f 7220 696d 706c 7920 656e sert or imply en\n+00008a90: 646f 7273 656d 656e 7420 6f66 2061 6e79 dorsement of any\n+00008aa0: 204d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f Modified Versio\n+00008ab0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 352e 2043 4f4d 4249 4e49 n... 5. COMBINI\n+00008ac0: 4e47 2044 4f43 554d 454e 5453 0a0a 2020 NG DOCUMENTS.. \n+00008ad0: 2020 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2063 6f6d 6269 You may combi\n+00008ae0: 6e65 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 ne the Document \n+00008af0: 7769 7468 206f 7468 6572 2064 6f63 756d with other docum\n+00008b00: 656e 7473 2072 656c 6561 7365 6420 756e ents released un\n+00008b10: 6465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 4c69 der. this Li\n+00008b20: 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 cense, under the\n+00008b30: 2074 6572 6d73 2064 6566 696e 6564 2069 terms defined i\n+00008b40: 6e20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 3420 6162 6f76 n section 4 abov\n+00008b50: 6520 666f 720a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 e for. modif\n+00008b60: 6965 6420 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2c20 7072 ied versions, pr\n+00008b70: 6f76 6964 6564 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 ovided that you \n+00008b80: 696e 636c 7564 6520 696e 2074 6865 2063 include in the c\n+00008b90: 6f6d 6269 6e61 7469 6f6e 2061 6c6c 0a20 ombination all. \n+00008ba0: 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 2049 6e76 6172 of the Invar\n+00008bb0: 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 iant Sections of\n+00008bc0: 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 6520 6f72 6967 all of the orig\n+00008bd0: 696e 616c 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7473 2c0a inal documents,.\n+00008be0: 2020 2020 2075 6e6d 6f64 6966 6965 642c unmodified,\n+00008bf0: 2061 6e64 206c 6973 7420 7468 656d 2061 and list them a\n+00008c00: 6c6c 2061 7320 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 ll as Invariant \n+00008c10: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 206f 6620 796f 7572 Sections of your\n+00008c20: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d62 696e 6564 2077 . combined w\n+00008c30: 6f72 6b20 696e 2069 7473 206c 6963 656e ork in its licen\n+00008c40: 7365 206e 6f74 6963 652c 2061 6e64 2074 se notice, and t\n+00008c50: 6861 7420 796f 7520 7072 6573 6572 7665 hat you preserve\n+00008c60: 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6569 7220 all. their \n+00008c70: 5761 7272 616e 7479 2044 6973 636c 6169 Warranty Disclai\n+00008c80: 6d65 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 mers... The \n+00008c90: 636f 6d62 696e 6564 2077 6f72 6b20 6e65 combined work ne\n+00008ca0: 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 ed only contain \n+00008cb0: 6f6e 6520 636f 7079 206f 6620 7468 6973 one copy of this\n+00008cc0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 616e 640a 2020 License, and. \n+00008cd0: 2020 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6964 656e multiple iden\n+00008ce0: 7469 6361 6c20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 tical Invariant \n+00008cf0: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 Sections may be \n+00008d00: 7265 706c 6163 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 replaced with a \n+00008d10: 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7079 single. copy\n+00008d20: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 . If there are \n+00008d30: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2049 6e76 6172 6961 multiple Invaria\n+00008d40: 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 nt Sections with\n+00008d50: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6e61 6d65 0a20 the same name. \n+00008d60: 2020 2020 6275 7420 6469 6666 6572 656e but differen\n+00008d70: 7420 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2c20 6d61 6b65 t contents, make\n+00008d80: 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 6561 the title of ea\n+00008d90: 6368 2073 7563 6820 7365 6374 696f 6e20 ch such section \n+00008da0: 756e 6971 7565 0a20 2020 2020 6279 2061 unique. by a\n+00008db0: 6464 696e 6720 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 dding at the end\n+00008dc0: 206f 6620 6974 2c20 696e 2070 6172 656e of it, in paren\n+00008dd0: 7468 6573 6573 2c20 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 theses, the name\n+00008de0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7269 of the. ori\n+00008df0: 6769 6e61 6c20 6175 7468 6f72 206f 7220 ginal author or \n+00008e00: 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6861 publisher of tha\n+00008e10: 7420 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6966 206b 6e6f t section if kno\n+00008e20: 776e 2c20 6f72 2065 6c73 6520 610a 2020 wn, or else a. \n+00008e30: 2020 2075 6e69 7175 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 unique number\n+00008e40: 2e20 204d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 . Make the same\n+00008e50: 2061 646a 7573 746d 656e 7420 746f 2074 adjustment to t\n+00008e60: 6865 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 6974 6c65 he section title\n+00008e70: 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 s in. the li\n+00008e80: 7374 206f 6620 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 st of Invariant \n+00008e90: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7468 6520 Sections in the \n+00008ea0: 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6e6f 7469 6365 206f license notice o\n+00008eb0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6269 f the. combi\n+00008ec0: 6e65 6420 776f 726b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ned work... \n+00008ed0: 496e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6269 6e61 7469 In the combinati\n+00008ee0: 6f6e 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2063 6f6d on, you must com\n+00008ef0: 6269 6e65 2061 6e79 2073 6563 7469 6f6e bine any section\n+00008f00: 7320 456e 7469 746c 6564 0a20 2020 2020 s Entitled. \n+00008f10: 2248 6973 746f 7279 2220 696e 2074 6865 \"History\" in the\n+00008f20: 2076 6172 696f 7573 206f 7269 6769 6e61 various origina\n+00008f30: 6c20 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 732c 2066 6f72 l documents, for\n+00008f40: 6d69 6e67 206f 6e65 2073 6563 7469 6f6e ming one section\n+00008f50: 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 . Entitled \"\n+00008f60: 4869 7374 6f72 7922 3b20 6c69 6b65 7769 History\"; likewi\n+00008f70: 7365 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 2061 6e79 2073 se combine any s\n+00008f80: 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 456e 7469 746c 6564 ections Entitled\n+00008f90: 0a20 2020 2020 2241 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 . \"Acknowled\n+00008fa0: 6765 6d65 6e74 7322 2c20 616e 6420 616e gements\", and an\n+00008fb0: 7920 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2045 6e74 6974 y sections Entit\n+00008fc0: 6c65 6420 2244 6564 6963 6174 696f 6e73 led \"Dedications\n+00008fd0: 222e 2020 596f 750a 2020 2020 206d 7573 \". You. mus\n+00008fe0: 7420 6465 6c65 7465 2061 6c6c 2073 6563 t delete all sec\n+00008ff0: 7469 6f6e 7320 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 tions Entitled \"\n+00009000: 456e 646f 7273 656d 656e 7473 2e22 0a0a Endorsements.\"..\n+00009010: 2020 362e 2043 4f4c 4c45 4354 494f 4e53 6. COLLECTIONS\n+00009020: 204f 4620 444f 4355 4d45 4e54 530a 0a20 OF DOCUMENTS.. \n+00009030: 2020 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 6d61 6b65 You may make\n+00009040: 2061 2063 6f6c 6c65 6374 696f 6e20 636f a collection co\n+00009050: 6e73 6973 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 nsisting of the \n+00009060: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2061 6e64 206f 7468 Document and oth\n+00009070: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 er. document\n+00009080: 7320 7265 6c65 6173 6564 2075 6e64 6572 s released under\n+00009090: 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2061 this License, a\n+000090a0: 6e64 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2069 nd replace the i\n+000090b0: 6e64 6976 6964 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 ndividual. c\n+000090c0: 6f70 6965 7320 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 opies of this Li\n+000090d0: 6365 6e73 6520 696e 2074 6865 2076 6172 cense in the var\n+000090e0: 696f 7573 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7473 2077 ious documents w\n+000090f0: 6974 6820 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2063 6f70 ith a single cop\n+00009100: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6973 2069 y. that is i\n+00009110: 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 ncluded in the c\n+00009120: 6f6c 6c65 6374 696f 6e2c 2070 726f 7669 ollection, provi\n+00009130: 6465 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c ded that you fol\n+00009140: 6c6f 7720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 756c low the. rul\n+00009150: 6573 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e es of this Licen\n+00009160: 7365 2066 6f72 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 se for verbatim \n+00009170: 636f 7079 696e 6720 6f66 2065 6163 6820 copying of each \n+00009180: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7473 of the documents\n+00009190: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 . in all oth\n+000091a0: 6572 2072 6573 7065 6374 732e 0a0a 2020 er respects... \n+000091b0: 2020 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2065 7874 7261 You may extra\n+000091c0: 6374 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 646f 6375 ct a single docu\n+000091d0: 6d65 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7375 6368 2061 ment from such a\n+000091e0: 2063 6f6c 6c65 6374 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 collection, and\n+000091f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 . distribute\n+00009200: 2069 7420 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 6c79 it individually\n+00009210: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 under this Lice\n+00009220: 6e73 652c 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 796f nse, provided yo\n+00009230: 7520 696e 7365 7274 0a20 2020 2020 6120 u insert. a \n+00009240: 636f 7079 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 copy of this Lic\n+00009250: 656e 7365 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6578 ense into the ex\n+00009260: 7472 6163 7465 6420 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 tracted document\n+00009270: 2c20 616e 6420 666f 6c6c 6f77 2074 6869 , and follow thi\n+00009280: 730a 2020 2020 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 s. License i\n+00009290: 6e20 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 7220 7265 7370 n all other resp\n+000092a0: 6563 7473 2072 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2076 ects regarding v\n+000092b0: 6572 6261 7469 6d20 636f 7079 696e 6720 erbatim copying \n+000092c0: 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 of that. doc\n+000092d0: 756d 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 372e 2041 4747 ument... 7. AGG\n+000092e0: 5245 4741 5449 4f4e 2057 4954 4820 494e REGATION WITH IN\n+000092f0: 4445 5045 4e44 454e 5420 574f 524b 530a DEPENDENT WORKS.\n+00009300: 0a20 2020 2020 4120 636f 6d70 696c 6174 . A compilat\n+00009310: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d ion of the Docum\n+00009320: 656e 7420 6f72 2069 7473 2064 6572 6976 ent or its deriv\n+00009330: 6174 6976 6573 2077 6974 6820 6f74 6865 atives with othe\n+00009340: 720a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 r. separate \n+00009350: 616e 6420 696e 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7420 and independent \n+00009360: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 7320 6f72 2077 6f72 documents or wor\n+00009370: 6b73 2c20 696e 206f 7220 6f6e 2061 2076 ks, in or on a v\n+00009380: 6f6c 756d 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 olume of a. \n+00009390: 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6f72 2064 6973 7472 storage or distr\n+000093a0: 6962 7574 696f 6e20 6d65 6469 756d 2c20 ibution medium, \n+000093b0: 6973 2063 616c 6c65 6420 616e 2022 6167 is called an \"ag\n+000093c0: 6772 6567 6174 6522 2069 6620 7468 650a gregate\" if the.\n+000093d0: 2020 2020 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 2072 copyright r\n+000093e0: 6573 756c 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 esulting from th\n+000093f0: 6520 636f 6d70 696c 6174 696f 6e20 6973 e compilation is\n+00009400: 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 696d not used to lim\n+00009410: 6974 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 6761 it the. lega\n+00009420: 6c20 7269 6768 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 l rights of the \n+00009430: 636f 6d70 696c 6174 696f 6e27 7320 7573 compilation's us\n+00009440: 6572 7320 6265 796f 6e64 2077 6861 7420 ers beyond what \n+00009450: 7468 6520 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 0a20 the individual. \n+00009460: 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 7065 726d 6974 works permit\n+00009470: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6520 446f 6375 . When the Docu\n+00009480: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 696e 636c 7564 6564 ment is included\n+00009490: 2069 6e20 616e 2061 6767 7265 6761 7465 in an aggregate\n+000094a0: 2c20 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 6365 , this. Lice\n+000094b0: 6e73 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2061 7070 nse does not app\n+000094c0: 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 ly to the other \n+000094d0: 776f 726b 7320 696e 2074 6865 2061 6767 works in the agg\n+000094e0: 7265 6761 7465 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 regate which. \n+000094f0: 2020 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7468 656d 7365 are not themse\n+00009500: 6c76 6573 2064 6572 6976 6174 6976 6520 lves derivative \n+00009510: 776f 726b 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 works of the Doc\n+00009520: 756d 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 ument... If \n+00009530: 7468 6520 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 2072 the Cover Text r\n+00009540: 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7365 equirement of se\n+00009550: 6374 696f 6e20 3320 6973 2061 7070 6c69 ction 3 is appli\n+00009560: 6361 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 7365 0a20 cable to these. \n+00009570: 2020 2020 636f 7069 6573 206f 6620 7468 copies of th\n+00009580: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2c20 7468 656e e Document, then\n+00009590: 2069 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 if the Document\n+000095a0: 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e is less than on\n+000095b0: 6520 6861 6c66 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 e half. of t\n+000095c0: 6865 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6167 6772 6567 he entire aggreg\n+000095d0: 6174 652c 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e ate, the Documen\n+000095e0: 7427 7320 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 7320 t's Cover Texts \n+000095f0: 6d61 7920 6265 2070 6c61 6365 640a 2020 may be placed. \n+00009600: 2020 206f 6e20 636f 7665 7273 2074 6861 on covers tha\n+00009610: 7420 6272 6163 6b65 7420 7468 6520 446f t bracket the Do\n+00009620: 6375 6d65 6e74 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 cument within th\n+00009630: 6520 6167 6772 6567 6174 652c 206f 7220 e aggregate, or \n+00009640: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6c65 6374 726f the. electro\n+00009650: 6e69 6320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 206f nic equivalent o\n+00009660: 6620 636f 7665 7273 2069 6620 7468 6520 f covers if the \n+00009670: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 696e 2065 Document is in e\n+00009680: 6c65 6374 726f 6e69 630a 2020 2020 2066 lectronic. f\n+00009690: 6f72 6d2e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 orm. Otherwise \n+000096a0: 7468 6579 206d 7573 7420 6170 7065 6172 they must appear\n+000096b0: 206f 6e20 7072 696e 7465 6420 636f 7665 on printed cove\n+000096c0: 7273 2074 6861 7420 6272 6163 6b65 740a rs that bracket.\n+000096d0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2061 the whole a\n+000096e0: 6767 7265 6761 7465 2e0a 0a20 2038 2e20 ggregate... 8. \n+000096f0: 5452 414e 534c 4154 494f 4e0a 0a20 2020 TRANSLATION.. \n+00009700: 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6973 Translation is\n+00009710: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6120 6b69 considered a ki\n+00009720: 6e64 206f 6620 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 nd of modificati\n+00009730: 6f6e 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a20 on, so you may. \n+00009740: 2020 2020 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2074 distribute t\n+00009750: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 ranslations of t\n+00009760: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 756e 6465 he Document unde\n+00009770: 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2073 r the terms of s\n+00009780: 6563 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 342e 2020 ection. 4. \n+00009790: 5265 706c 6163 696e 6720 496e 7661 7269 Replacing Invari\n+000097a0: 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2077 6974 ant Sections wit\n+000097b0: 6820 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e73 2072 h translations r\n+000097c0: 6571 7569 7265 7320 7370 6563 6961 6c0a equires special.\n+000097d0: 2020 2020 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 permission \n+000097e0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 6972 2063 6f70 7972 from their copyr\n+000097f0: 6967 6874 2068 6f6c 6465 7273 2c20 6275 ight holders, bu\n+00009800: 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 t you may includ\n+00009810: 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 e. translati\n+00009820: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f72 2061 ons of some or a\n+00009830: 6c6c 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 ll Invariant Sec\n+00009840: 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2061 6464 6974 696f tions in additio\n+00009850: 6e20 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 n to the. or\n+00009860: 6967 696e 616c 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 iginal versions \n+00009870: 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2049 6e76 6172 6961 of these Invaria\n+00009880: 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 596f nt Sections. Yo\n+00009890: 7520 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a u may include a.\n+000098a0: 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e translation\n+000098b0: 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 of this License\n+000098c0: 2c20 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 6c69 , and all the li\n+000098d0: 6365 6e73 6520 6e6f 7469 6365 7320 696e cense notices in\n+000098e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 446f 6375 6d65 the. Docume\n+000098f0: 6e74 2c20 616e 6420 616e 7920 5761 7272 nt, and any Warr\n+00009900: 616e 7479 2044 6973 636c 6169 6d65 7273 anty Disclaimers\n+00009910: 2c20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2074 6861 7420 , provided that \n+00009920: 796f 7520 616c 736f 0a20 2020 2020 696e you also. in\n+00009930: 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e clude the origin\n+00009940: 616c 2045 6e67 6c69 7368 2076 6572 7369 al English versi\n+00009950: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e on of this Licen\n+00009960: 7365 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 se and the. \n+00009970: 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2076 6572 7369 6f6e original version\n+00009980: 7320 6f66 2074 686f 7365 206e 6f74 6963 s of those notic\n+00009990: 6573 2061 6e64 2064 6973 636c 6169 6d65 es and disclaime\n+000099a0: 7273 2e20 2049 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 rs. In case of \n+000099b0: 610a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6167 7265 656d a. disagreem\n+000099c0: 656e 7420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 7468 6520 ent between the \n+000099d0: 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 translation and \n+000099e0: 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2076 6572 the original ver\n+000099f0: 7369 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6869 sion of. thi\n+00009a00: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6f72 2061 206e s License or a n\n+00009a10: 6f74 6963 6520 6f72 2064 6973 636c 6169 otice or disclai\n+00009a20: 6d65 722c 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 mer, the origina\n+00009a30: 6c20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 0a20 l version will. \n+00009a40: 2020 2020 7072 6576 6169 6c2e 0a0a 2020 prevail... \n+00009a50: 2020 2049 6620 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 If a section \n+00009a60: 696e 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 in the Document \n+00009a70: 6973 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 2241 636b is Entitled \"Ack\n+00009a80: 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 6d65 6e74 7322 2c0a nowledgements\",.\n+00009a90: 2020 2020 2022 4465 6469 6361 7469 6f6e \"Dedication\n+00009aa0: 7322 2c20 6f72 2022 4869 7374 6f72 7922 s\", or \"History\"\n+00009ab0: 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e , the requiremen\n+00009ac0: 7420 2873 6563 7469 6f6e 2034 2920 746f t (section 4) to\n+00009ad0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6573 6572 7665 2069 . Preserve i\n+00009ae0: 7473 2054 6974 6c65 2028 7365 6374 696f ts Title (sectio\n+00009af0: 6e20 3129 2077 696c 6c20 7479 7069 6361 n 1) will typica\n+00009b00: 6c6c 7920 7265 7175 6972 6520 6368 616e lly require chan\n+00009b10: 6769 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6163 ging the. ac\n+00009b20: 7475 616c 2074 6974 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2039 tual title... 9\n+00009b30: 2e20 5445 524d 494e 4154 494f 4e0a 0a20 . TERMINATION.. \n+00009b40: 2020 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 You may not \n+00009b50: 636f 7079 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 2c20 7375 copy, modify, su\n+00009b60: 626c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 6f72 2064 6973 blicense, or dis\n+00009b70: 7472 6962 7574 6520 7468 6520 446f 6375 tribute the Docu\n+00009b80: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6365 7074 ment. except\n+00009b90: 2061 7320 6578 7072 6573 736c 7920 7072 as expressly pr\n+00009ba0: 6f76 6964 6564 2066 6f72 2075 6e64 6572 ovided for under\n+00009bb0: 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 2020 this License. \n+00009bc0: 416e 7920 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 2061 Any other. a\n+00009bd0: 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2c20 ttempt to copy, \n+00009be0: 6d6f 6469 6679 2c20 7375 626c 6963 656e modify, sublicen\n+00009bf0: 7365 206f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 se or distribute\n+00009c00: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6973 the Document is\n+00009c10: 0a20 2020 2020 766f 6964 2c20 616e 6420 . void, and \n+00009c20: 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c will automatical\n+00009c30: 6c79 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 2079 6f75 ly terminate you\n+00009c40: 7220 7269 6768 7473 2075 6e64 6572 2074 r rights under t\n+00009c50: 6869 730a 2020 2020 204c 6963 656e 7365 his. License\n+00009c60: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7061 7274 . However, part\n+00009c70: 6965 7320 7768 6f20 6861 7665 2072 6563 ies who have rec\n+00009c80: 6569 7665 6420 636f 7069 6573 2c20 6f72 eived copies, or\n+00009c90: 2072 6967 6874 732c 0a20 2020 2020 6672 rights,. fr\n+00009ca0: 6f6d 2079 6f75 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6869 om you under thi\n+00009cb0: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 7769 6c6c 206e s License will n\n+00009cc0: 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 6569 7220 6c69 ot have their li\n+00009cd0: 6365 6e73 6573 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 censes terminate\n+00009ce0: 640a 2020 2020 2073 6f20 6c6f 6e67 2061 d. so long a\n+00009cf0: 7320 7375 6368 2070 6172 7469 6573 2072 s such parties r\n+00009d00: 656d 6169 6e20 696e 2066 756c 6c20 636f emain in full co\n+00009d10: 6d70 6c69 616e 6365 2e0a 0a20 2031 302e mpliance... 10.\n+00009d20: 2046 5554 5552 4520 5245 5649 5349 4f4e FUTURE REVISION\n+00009d30: 5320 4f46 2054 4849 5320 4c49 4345 4e53 S OF THIS LICENS\n+00009d40: 450a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4672 6565 E.. The Free\n+00009d50: 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 Software Founda\n+00009d60: 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2070 7562 6c69 7368 tion may publish\n+00009d70: 206e 6577 2c20 7265 7669 7365 6420 7665 new, revised ve\n+00009d80: 7273 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 rsions of. t\n+00009d90: 6865 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 he GNU Free Docu\n+00009da0: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n+00009db0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 696d 6520 746f 2074 e from time to t\n+00009dc0: 696d 652e 2020 5375 6368 206e 6577 0a20 ime. Such new. \n+00009dd0: 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2077 696c versions wil\n+00009de0: 6c20 6265 2073 696d 696c 6172 2069 6e20 l be similar in \n+00009df0: 7370 6972 6974 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7072 spirit to the pr\n+00009e00: 6573 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 2062 esent version, b\n+00009e10: 7574 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 ut may. diff\n+00009e20: 6572 2069 6e20 6465 7461 696c 2074 6f20 er in detail to \n+00009e30: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6e65 7720 7072 6f62 address new prob\n+00009e40: 6c65 6d73 206f 7220 636f 6e63 6572 6e73 lems or concerns\n+00009e50: 2e20 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 3c68 7474 . See. ... \n+00009e80: 2020 4561 6368 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f Each version o\n+00009e90: 6620 7468 6520 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 f the License is\n+00009ea0: 2067 6976 656e 2061 2064 6973 7469 6e67 given a disting\n+00009eb0: 7569 7368 696e 6720 7665 7273 696f 6e0a uishing version.\n+00009ec0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 722e 2020 4966 number. If\n+00009ed0: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7370 the Document sp\n+00009ee0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6174 2061 2070 ecifies that a p\n+00009ef0: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6e75 6d62 6572 articular number\n+00009f00: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e20 ed. version \n+00009f10: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 of this License \n+00009f20: 226f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 7665 \"or any later ve\n+00009f30: 7273 696f 6e22 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 rsion\" applies t\n+00009f40: 6f20 6974 2c20 796f 750a 2020 2020 2068 o it, you. h\n+00009f50: 6176 6520 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f ave the option o\n+00009f60: 6620 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 6520 f following the \n+00009f70: 7465 726d 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e64 6974 terms and condit\n+00009f80: 696f 6e73 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 0a20 ions either of. \n+00009f90: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 7065 6369 6669 that specifi\n+00009fa0: 6564 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 7220 6f66 ed version or of\n+00009fb0: 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 2076 6572 7369 any later versi\n+00009fc0: 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 6265 656e on that has been\n+00009fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 . published \n+00009fe0: 286e 6f74 2061 7320 6120 6472 6166 7429 (not as a draft)\n+00009ff0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 6565 2053 6f66 by the Free Sof\n+0000a000: 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e tware Foundation\n+0000a010: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 . If the. D\n+0000a020: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 ocument does not\n+0000a030: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2076 6572 7369 specify a versi\n+0000a040: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 6869 on number of thi\n+0000a050: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2079 6f75 206d s License, you m\n+0000a060: 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6f6f 7365 2061 ay. choose a\n+0000a070: 6e79 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2065 7665 7220 ny version ever \n+0000a080: 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 286e 6f74 2061 published (not a\n+0000a090: 7320 6120 6472 6166 7429 2062 7920 7468 s a draft) by th\n+0000a0a0: 6520 4672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 536f 6674 e Free. Soft\n+0000a0b0: 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2e ware Foundation.\n+0000a0c0: 0a0a 442e 312e 3120 4144 4445 4e44 554d ..D.1.1 ADDENDUM\n+0000a0d0: 3a20 486f 7720 746f 2075 7365 2074 6869 : How to use thi\n+0000a0e0: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 666f 7220 796f s License for yo\n+0000a0f0: 7572 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7473 0a2d 2d2d ur documents.---\n 0000a100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000a110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000a120: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000a130: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6f20 7573 6520 7468 -----..To use th\n-0000a140: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 6e20 6120 is License in a \n-0000a150: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2079 6f75 2068 6176 document you hav\n-0000a160: 6520 7772 6974 7465 6e2c 2069 6e63 6c75 e written, inclu\n-0000a170: 6465 2061 2063 6f70 7920 6f66 0a74 6865 de a copy of.the\n-0000a180: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 License in the \n-0000a190: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2061 6e64 2070 7574 document and put\n-0000a1a0: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2063 the following c\n-0000a1b0: 6f70 7972 6967 6874 2061 6e64 206c 6963 opyright and lic\n-0000a1c0: 656e 7365 0a6e 6f74 6963 6573 206a 7573 ense.notices jus\n-0000a1d0: 7420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 7469 746c t after the titl\n-0000a1e0: 6520 7061 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e page:.. \n-0000a1f0: 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 2843 2920 2059 Copyright (C) Y\n-0000a200: 4541 5220 2059 4f55 5220 4e41 4d45 2e0a EAR YOUR NAME..\n-0000a210: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f Permissio\n-0000a220: 6e20 6973 2067 7261 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 n is granted to \n-0000a230: 636f 7079 2c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 copy, distribute\n-0000a240: 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 and/or modify t\n-0000a250: 6869 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 his document. \n-0000a260: 2020 2020 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 7465 under the te\n-0000a270: 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2046 rms of the GNU F\n-0000a280: 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f ree Documentatio\n-0000a290: 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2056 6572 7369 n License, Versi\n-0000a2a0: 6f6e 2031 2e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6f72 on 1.2. or\n-0000a2b0: 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 2076 6572 7369 any later versi\n-0000a2c0: 6f6e 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2062 7920 on published by \n-0000a2d0: 7468 6520 4672 6565 2053 6f66 7477 6172 the Free Softwar\n-0000a2e0: 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b0a 2020 e Foundation;. \n-0000a2f0: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2049 6e76 with no Inv\n-0000a300: 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 732c ariant Sections,\n-0000a310: 206e 6f20 4672 6f6e 742d 436f 7665 7220 no Front-Cover \n-0000a320: 5465 7874 732c 2061 6e64 206e 6f20 4261 Texts, and no Ba\n-0000a330: 636b 2d43 6f76 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ck-Cover. \n-0000a340: 5465 7874 732e 2020 4120 636f 7079 206f Texts. A copy o\n-0000a350: 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 f the license is\n-0000a360: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 included in the\n-0000a370: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 6974 6c65 section entitle\n-0000a380: 6420 6060 474e 550a 2020 2020 2020 2046 d ``GNU. F\n-0000a390: 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f ree Documentatio\n-0000a3a0: 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 6527 272e 0a0a 2020 n License''... \n-0000a3b0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2049 6e76 If you have Inv\n-0000a3c0: 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 732c ariant Sections,\n-0000a3d0: 2046 726f 6e74 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 Front-Cover Tex\n-0000a3e0: 7473 2061 6e64 2042 6163 6b2d 436f 7665 ts and Back-Cove\n-0000a3f0: 720a 5465 7874 732c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 r.Texts, replace\n-0000a400: 2074 6865 2022 7769 7468 2e2e 2e54 6578 the \"with...Tex\n-0000a410: 7473 2e22 2020 6c69 6e65 2077 6974 6820 ts.\" line with \n-0000a420: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n-0000a430: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2049 6e76 6172 6961 with the Invaria\n-0000a440: 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 6265 696e nt Sections bein\n-0000a450: 6720 4c49 5354 2054 4845 4952 2054 4954 g LIST THEIR TIT\n-0000a460: 4c45 532c 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2020 LES, with. \n-0000a470: 2020 2074 6865 2046 726f 6e74 2d43 6f76 the Front-Cov\n-0000a480: 6572 2054 6578 7473 2062 6569 6e67 204c er Texts being L\n-0000a490: 4953 542c 2061 6e64 2077 6974 6820 7468 IST, and with th\n-0000a4a0: 6520 4261 636b 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 e Back-Cover Tex\n-0000a4b0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 696e ts. bein\n-0000a4c0: 6720 4c49 5354 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 g LIST... If y\n-0000a4d0: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 496e 7661 7269 616e ou have Invarian\n-0000a4e0: 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2077 6974 686f t Sections witho\n-0000a4f0: 7574 2043 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 2c20 ut Cover Texts, \n-0000a500: 6f72 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 720a 636f or some other.co\n-0000a510: 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 mbination of the\n-0000a520: 2074 6872 6565 2c20 6d65 7267 6520 7468 three, merge th\n-0000a530: 6f73 6520 7477 6f20 616c 7465 726e 6174 ose two alternat\n-0000a540: 6976 6573 2074 6f20 7375 6974 2074 6865 ives to suit the\n-0000a550: 0a73 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 .situation... \n-0000a560: 4966 2079 6f75 7220 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 If your document\n-0000a570: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 6e6f 6e74 7269 contains nontri\n-0000a580: 7669 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 7320 6f66 vial examples of\n-0000a590: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2063 6f64 652c 2077 program code, w\n-0000a5a0: 650a 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7265 6c65 e.recommend rele\n-0000a5b0: 6173 696e 6720 7468 6573 6520 6578 616d asing these exam\n-0000a5c0: 706c 6573 2069 6e20 7061 7261 6c6c 656c ples in parallel\n-0000a5d0: 2075 6e64 6572 2079 6f75 7220 6368 6f69 under your choi\n-0000a5e0: 6365 206f 6620 6672 6565 0a73 6f66 7477 ce of free.softw\n-0000a5f0: 6172 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 652c 2073 7563 are license, suc\n-0000a600: 6820 6173 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2047 656e h as the GNU Gen\n-0000a610: 6572 616c 2050 7562 6c69 6320 4c69 6365 eral Public Lice\n-0000a620: 6e73 652c 2074 6f20 7065 726d 6974 0a74 nse, to permit.t\n-0000a630: 6865 6972 2075 7365 2069 6e20 6672 6565 heir use in free\n-0000a640: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 software.....Fi\n-0000a650: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0000a660: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 6465 782c 2020 5072 Node: Index, Pr\n-0000a670: 6576 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 ev: Copying This\n-0000a680: 204d 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f Manual, Up: To\n-0000a690: 700a 0a49 6e64 6578 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a p..Index.*****..\n-0000a6a0: 0008 5b69 6e64 6578 0008 5d0a 2a20 4d65 ..[index..].* Me\n-0000a6b0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 205b 3a20 2020 2020 2020 nu:..* [: \n+0000a130: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6f20 7573 6520 -------..To use \n+0000a140: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 6e20 this License in \n+0000a150: 6120 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2079 6f75 2068 a document you h\n+0000a160: 6176 6520 7772 6974 7465 6e2c 2069 6e63 ave written, inc\n+0000a170: 6c75 6465 2061 2063 6f70 7920 6f66 0a74 lude a copy of.t\n+0000a180: 6865 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 6e20 7468 he License in th\n+0000a190: 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2061 6e64 2070 e document and p\n+0000a1a0: 7574 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ut the following\n+0000a1b0: 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 2061 6e64 206c copyright and l\n+0000a1c0: 6963 656e 7365 0a6e 6f74 6963 6573 206a icense.notices j\n+0000a1d0: 7573 7420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 7469 ust after the ti\n+0000a1e0: 746c 6520 7061 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 tle page:.. \n+0000a1f0: 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 2843 2920 Copyright (C) \n+0000a200: 2059 4541 5220 2059 4f55 5220 4e41 4d45 YEAR YOUR NAME\n+0000a210: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 6d69 7373 .. Permiss\n+0000a220: 696f 6e20 6973 2067 7261 6e74 6564 2074 ion is granted t\n+0000a230: 6f20 636f 7079 2c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 o copy, distribu\n+0000a240: 7465 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 6d6f 6469 6679 te and/or modify\n+0000a250: 2074 6869 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 this document. \n+0000a260: 2020 2020 2020 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 under the \n+0000a270: 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2047 4e55 terms of the GNU\n+0000a280: 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 Free Documentat\n+0000a290: 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2056 6572 ion License, Ver\n+0000a2a0: 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 sion 1.2. \n+0000a2b0: 6f72 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 2076 6572 or any later ver\n+0000a2c0: 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2062 sion published b\n+0000a2d0: 7920 7468 6520 4672 6565 2053 6f66 7477 y the Free Softw\n+0000a2e0: 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b0a are Foundation;.\n+0000a2f0: 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2049 with no I\n+0000a300: 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e nvariant Section\n+0000a310: 732c 206e 6f20 4672 6f6e 742d 436f 7665 s, no Front-Cove\n+0000a320: 7220 5465 7874 732c 2061 6e64 206e 6f20 r Texts, and no \n+0000a330: 4261 636b 2d43 6f76 6572 0a20 2020 2020 Back-Cover. \n+0000a340: 2020 5465 7874 732e 2020 4120 636f 7079 Texts. A copy\n+0000a350: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 of the license \n+0000a360: 6973 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 is included in t\n+0000a370: 6865 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 6974 he section entit\n+0000a380: 6c65 6420 6060 474e 550a 2020 2020 2020 led ``GNU. \n+0000a390: 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 Free Documentat\n+0000a3a0: 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 6527 272e 0a0a ion License''...\n+0000a3b0: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2049 If you have I\n+0000a3c0: 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e nvariant Section\n+0000a3d0: 732c 2046 726f 6e74 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 s, Front-Cover T\n+0000a3e0: 6578 7473 2061 6e64 2042 6163 6b2d 436f exts and Back-Co\n+0000a3f0: 7665 720a 5465 7874 732c 2072 6570 6c61 ver.Texts, repla\n+0000a400: 6365 2074 6865 2022 7769 7468 2e2e 2e54 ce the \"with...T\n+0000a410: 6578 7473 2e22 2020 6c69 6e65 2077 6974 exts.\" line wit\n+0000a420: 6820 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 h this:.. \n+0000a430: 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2049 6e76 6172 with the Invar\n+0000a440: 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 6265 iant Sections be\n+0000a450: 696e 6720 4c49 5354 2054 4845 4952 2054 ing LIST THEIR T\n+0000a460: 4954 4c45 532c 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 ITLES, with. \n+0000a470: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2046 726f 6e74 2d43 the Front-C\n+0000a480: 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 2062 6569 6e67 over Texts being\n+0000a490: 204c 4953 542c 2061 6e64 2077 6974 6820 LIST, and with \n+0000a4a0: 7468 6520 4261 636b 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 the Back-Cover T\n+0000a4b0: 6578 7473 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 exts. be\n+0000a4c0: 696e 6720 4c49 5354 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 ing LIST... If\n+0000a4d0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 496e 7661 7269 you have Invari\n+0000a4e0: 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2077 6974 ant Sections wit\n+0000a4f0: 686f 7574 2043 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 hout Cover Texts\n+0000a500: 2c20 6f72 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 720a , or some other.\n+0000a510: 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 combination of t\n+0000a520: 6865 2074 6872 6565 2c20 6d65 7267 6520 he three, merge \n+0000a530: 7468 6f73 6520 7477 6f20 616c 7465 726e those two altern\n+0000a540: 6174 6976 6573 2074 6f20 7375 6974 2074 atives to suit t\n+0000a550: 6865 0a73 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 he.situation... \n+0000a560: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 7220 646f 6375 6d65 If your docume\n+0000a570: 6e74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 6e6f 6e74 nt contains nont\n+0000a580: 7269 7669 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 7320 rivial examples \n+0000a590: 6f66 2070 726f 6772 616d 2063 6f64 652c of program code,\n+0000a5a0: 2077 650a 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7265 we.recommend re\n+0000a5b0: 6c65 6173 696e 6720 7468 6573 6520 6578 leasing these ex\n+0000a5c0: 616d 706c 6573 2069 6e20 7061 7261 6c6c amples in parall\n+0000a5d0: 656c 2075 6e64 6572 2079 6f75 7220 6368 el under your ch\n+0000a5e0: 6f69 6365 206f 6620 6672 6565 0a73 6f66 oice of free.sof\n+0000a5f0: 7477 6172 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 652c 2073 tware license, s\n+0000a600: 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2047 uch as the GNU G\n+0000a610: 656e 6572 616c 2050 7562 6c69 6320 4c69 eneral Public Li\n+0000a620: 6365 6e73 652c 2074 6f20 7065 726d 6974 cense, to permit\n+0000a630: 0a74 6865 6972 2075 7365 2069 6e20 6672 .their use in fr\n+0000a640: 6565 2073 6f66 7477 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a ee software.....\n+0000a650: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0000a660: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 6465 782c 2020 Node: Index, \n+0000a670: 5072 6576 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 Prev: Copying Th\n+0000a680: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 is Manual, Up: \n+0000a690: 546f 700a 0a49 6e64 6578 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a Top..Index.*****\n+0000a6a0: 0a0a 0008 5b69 6e64 6578 0008 5d0a 2a20 ....[index..].* \n+0000a6b0: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 205b 3a20 2020 2020 Menu:..* [: \n 0000a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2e [.\n-0000a6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a6f0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000a700: 6163 7069 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 acpi: \n+0000a6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a6e0: 5b2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 [. \n+0000a6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000a700: 2a20 6163 7069 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * acpi: \n 0000a710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a720: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6370 692e 2020 2020 acpi. \n-0000a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000a740: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 ine 6).* authent\n-0000a750: 6963 6174 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 icate: \n+0000a720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6370 692e 2020 acpi. \n+0000a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a740: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2061 7574 6865 (line 6).* authe\n+0000a750: 6e74 6963 6174 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nticate: \n 0000a760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a770: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2e20 2020 authenticate. \n-0000a780: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000a790: 2a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c * background_col\n-0000a7a0: 6f72 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or: \n-0000a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b67 726f backgro\n-0000a7c0: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722e 2020 2020 2020 und_color. \n-0000a7d0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2062 6163 6b67 (line 6).* backg\n-0000a7e0: 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 653a 2020 2020 round_image: \n+0000a770: 2020 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2e20 authenticate. \n+0000a780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000a790: 290a 2a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 ).* background_c\n+0000a7a0: 6f6c 6f72 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 olor: \n+0000a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b67 backg\n+0000a7c0: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722e 2020 2020 round_color. \n+0000a7d0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2062 6163 (line 6).* bac\n+0000a7e0: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 653a 2020 kground_image: \n 0000a7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a800: 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 background_ima\n-0000a810: 6765 2e20 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 ge. (line 6\n-0000a820: 290a 2a20 6261 6472 616d 3a20 2020 2020 ).* badram: \n+0000a800: 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 background_i\n+0000a810: 6d61 6765 2e20 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 mage. (line\n+0000a820: 2036 290a 2a20 6261 6472 616d 3a20 2020 6).* badram: \n 0000a830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6164 7261 badra\n-0000a850: 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. \n-0000a860: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2062 6c6f (line 6).* blo\n-0000a870: 636b 6c69 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cklist: \n+0000a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6164 bad\n+0000a850: 7261 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ram. \n+0000a860: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2062 (line 6).* b\n+0000a870: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 locklist: \n 0000a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a890: 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742e 2020 blocklist. \n-0000a8a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000a8b0: 2036 290a 2a20 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 6).* boot: \n+0000a890: 2020 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742e blocklist.\n+0000a8a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000a8b0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 ne 6).* boot: \n 0000a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f boo\n-0000a8e0: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n-0000a8f0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 (line 6).* c\n-0000a900: 6174 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 at: \n+0000a8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n+0000a8e0: 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot. \n+0000a8f0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000a900: 2063 6174 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cat: \n 0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a920: 2020 2020 2020 6361 742e 2020 2020 2020 cat. \n-0000a930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000a940: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ne 6).* chainloa\n-0000a950: 6465 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der: \n-0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-0000a970: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2020 2020 hainloader. \n-0000a980: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000a990: 2063 6c65 6172 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 clear: \n+0000a920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6361 742e 2020 2020 cat. \n+0000a930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000a940: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6368 6169 6e6c line 6).* chainl\n+0000a950: 6f61 6465 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader: \n+0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a970: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2020 chainloader. \n+0000a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000a990: 0a2a 2063 6c65 6172 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* clear: \n 0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636c 6561 722e 2020 clear. \n-0000a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000a9d0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 434d 4f53 3a20 line 6).* CMOS: \n-0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636c 6561 722e clear.\n+0000a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a9d0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 434d 4f53 (line 6).* CMOS\n+0000a9e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa00: 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702e 2020 2020 2020 cmosdump. \n-0000aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000aa20: 0a2a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 3a20 2020 .* cmosclean: \n+0000aa00: 2020 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702e 2020 2020 cmosdump. \n+0000aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000aa20: 3629 0a2a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 3a20 6).* cmosclean: \n 0000aa30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636d 6f73 636c cmoscl\n-0000aa50: 6561 6e2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ean. \n-0000aa60: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 636d 6f73 (line 6).* cmos\n-0000aa70: 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 test: \n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636d 6f73 cmos\n+0000aa50: 636c 6561 6e2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 clean. \n+0000aa60: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 636d (line 6).* cm\n+0000aa70: 6f73 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ostest: \n 0000aa80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa90: 2020 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742e 2020 2020 cmostest. \n-0000aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000aab0: 3629 0a2a 2063 6d70 3a20 2020 2020 2020 6).* cmp: \n+0000aa90: 2020 2020 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742e 2020 cmostest. \n+0000aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000aab0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 6d70 3a20 2020 2020 e 6).* cmp: \n 0000aac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636d 702e cmp.\n-0000aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aaf0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 636f (line 6).* co\n-0000ab00: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a20 2020 2020 2020 nfigfile: \n+0000aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636d cm\n+0000aae0: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p. \n+0000aaf0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000ab00: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a20 2020 2020 configfile: \n 0000ab10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ab20: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652e configfile.\n-0000ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000ab40: 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7075 6964 3a20 2020 e 6).* cpuid: \n+0000ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c configfil\n+0000ab30: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c e. (l\n+0000ab40: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7075 6964 3a20 ine 6).* cpuid: \n 0000ab50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6370 cp\n-0000ab70: 7569 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 uid. \n-0000ab80: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000ab90: 6372 633a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 crc: \n+0000ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000ab70: 6370 7569 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cpuid. \n+0000ab80: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000ab90: 2a20 6372 633a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 * crc: \n 0000aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7263 2e20 2020 2020 crc. \n-0000abc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000abd0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d ine 6).* cryptom\n-0000abe0: 6f75 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ount: \n+0000abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7263 2e20 2020 crc. \n+0000abc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000abd0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7279 7074 (line 6).* crypt\n+0000abe0: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 omount: \n 0000abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac00: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 cryptomount. \n-0000ac10: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000ac20: 2a20 6375 746d 656d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * cutmem: \n+0000ac00: 2020 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 cryptomount. \n+0000ac10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000ac20: 290a 2a20 6375 746d 656d 3a20 2020 2020 ).* cutmem: \n 0000ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7574 6d65 6d2e cutmem.\n-0000ac50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac60: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 6174 653a (line 6).* date:\n-0000ac70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7574 6d65 cutme\n+0000ac50: 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. \n+0000ac60: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 6174 (line 6).* dat\n+0000ac70: 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e: \n 0000ac80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac90: 2020 6461 7465 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 date. \n-0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000acb0: 290a 2a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 3a20 ).* devicetree: \n-0000acc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 devic\n-0000ace0: 6574 7265 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etree. \n-0000acf0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 6973 (line 6).* dis\n-0000ad00: 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 trust: \n+0000ac90: 2020 2020 6461 7465 2e20 2020 2020 2020 date. \n+0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000acb0: 2036 290a 2a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 6).* devicetree\n+0000acc0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6576 dev\n+0000ace0: 6963 6574 7265 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 icetree. \n+0000acf0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 (line 6).* d\n+0000ad00: 6973 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 istrust: \n 0000ad10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad20: 2020 2020 6469 7374 7275 7374 2e20 2020 distrust. \n-0000ad30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000ad40: 2036 290a 2a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a20 6).* drivemap: \n-0000ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7269 dri\n-0000ad70: 7665 6d61 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 vemap. \n-0000ad80: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 (line 6).* e\n-0000ad90: 6368 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cho: \n+0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 6469 7374 7275 7374 2e20 distrust. \n+0000ad30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000ad40: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 ne 6).* drivemap\n+0000ad50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n+0000ad70: 7269 7665 6d61 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 rivemap. \n+0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000ad90: 2065 6368 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 echo: \n 0000ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2e20 2020 2020 echo. \n-0000adc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000add0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6566 6974 6578 746d ne 6).* efitextm\n-0000ade0: 6f64 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ode: \n-0000adf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 e\n-0000ae00: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2e20 2020 2020 fitextmode. \n-0000ae10: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000ae20: 2065 7661 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eval: \n+0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2e20 2020 echo. \n+0000adc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000add0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6566 6974 6578 line 6).* efitex\n+0000ade0: 746d 6f64 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tmode: \n+0000adf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000ae00: 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2e20 2020 efitextmode. \n+0000ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000ae20: 0a2a 2065 7661 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* eval: \n 0000ae30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6576 616c 2e20 2020 eval. \n-0000ae50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000ae60: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6578 706f 7274 line 6).* export\n-0000ae70: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6576 616c 2e20 eval. \n+0000ae50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000ae60: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6578 706f (line 6).* expo\n+0000ae70: 7274 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt: \n 0000ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae90: 2065 7870 6f72 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 export. \n-0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000aeb0: 0a2a 2066 616c 7365 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* false: \n+0000ae90: 2020 2065 7870 6f72 742e 2020 2020 2020 export. \n+0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000aeb0: 3629 0a2a 2066 616c 7365 3a20 2020 2020 6).* false: \n 0000aec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 652e false.\n-0000aee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aef0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 4644 4c2c (line 6).* FDL,\n-0000af00: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n-0000af10: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 653a ntation License:\n-0000af20: 2020 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 GNU Free Docu\n-0000af30: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n-0000af40: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e.. \n+0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 fals\n+0000aee0: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0000aef0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 4644 (line 6).* FD\n+0000af00: 4c2c 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 L, GNU Free Docu\n+0000af10: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n+0000af20: 653a 2020 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f e: GNU Free Do\n+0000af30: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 cumentation Lice\n+0000af40: 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nse.. \n 0000af50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000af80: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6677 (line 6).* fw\n-0000af90: 7365 7475 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 setup: \n+0000af80: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000af90: 6677 7365 7475 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 fwsetup: \n 0000afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000afb0: 2020 2020 2066 7773 6574 7570 2e20 2020 fwsetup. \n-0000afc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000afd0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 6462 696e 666f 3a20 e 6).* gdbinfo: \n-0000afe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6764 gd\n-0000b000: 6269 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 binfo. \n-0000b010: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b020: 6765 7474 6578 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 gettext: \n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2066 7773 6574 7570 2e20 fwsetup. \n+0000afc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000afd0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 6462 696e 666f ine 6).* gdbinfo\n+0000afe0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b000: 6764 6269 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 gdbinfo. \n+0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b020: 2a20 6765 7474 6578 743a 2020 2020 2020 * gettext: \n 0000b030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2067 6574 7465 7874 2e20 gettext. \n-0000b050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000b060: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 ine 6).* gptsync\n-0000b070: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6574 7465 7874 gettext\n+0000b050: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000b060: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 7074 7379 (line 6).* gptsy\n+0000b070: 6e63 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nc: \n 0000b080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b090: 6770 7473 796e 632e 2020 2020 2020 2020 gptsync. \n-0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b0b0: 2a20 6861 6c74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * halt: \n+0000b090: 2020 6770 7473 796e 632e 2020 2020 2020 gptsync. \n+0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b0b0: 290a 2a20 6861 6c74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ).* halt: \n 0000b0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 616c 742e 2020 halt. \n+0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 616c 742e halt.\n 0000b0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0f0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 6173 6873 (line 6).* hashs\n-0000b100: 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um: \n+0000b0f0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 6173 (line 6).* has\n+0000b100: 6873 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hsum: \n 0000b110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b120: 2020 6861 7368 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 hashsum. \n-0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b140: 290a 2a20 6865 6c70 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ).* help: \n+0000b120: 2020 2020 6861 7368 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 hashsum. \n+0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000b140: 2036 290a 2a20 6865 6c70 3a20 2020 2020 6).* help: \n 0000b150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 656c 702e help.\n-0000b170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b180: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 6578 (line 6).* hex\n-0000b190: 6475 6d70 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dump: \n+0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 656c hel\n+0000b170: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p. \n+0000b180: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 (line 6).* h\n+0000b190: 6578 6475 6d70 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 exdump: \n 0000b1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b1b0: 2020 2020 6865 7864 756d 702e 2020 2020 hexdump. \n-0000b1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b1d0: 2036 290a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3a20 2020 6).* initrd: \n+0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2020 6865 7864 756d 702e 2020 hexdump. \n+0000b1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b1d0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3a20 ne 6).* initrd: \n 0000b1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 ini\n-0000b200: 7472 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 trd. \n-0000b210: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 (line 6).* i\n-0000b220: 6e69 7472 6431 363a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nitrd16: \n+0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+0000b200: 6e69 7472 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nitrd. \n+0000b210: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b220: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 2020 2020 2020 initrd16: \n 0000b230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 3136 2e20 initrd16. \n-0000b250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000b260: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e 736d 6f64 3a20 ne 6).* insmod: \n-0000b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n-0000b290: 6e73 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nsmod. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b2b0: 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 3a20 2020 2020 keystatus: \n+0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 3136 initrd16\n+0000b250: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . (\n+0000b260: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e 736d 6f64 line 6).* insmod\n+0000b270: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b290: 2069 6e73 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 insmod. \n+0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b2b0: 0a2a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 3a20 2020 .* keystatus: \n 0000b2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b65 7973 7461 7475 keystatu\n-0000b2e0: 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 s. (\n-0000b2f0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 783a line 6).* linux:\n-0000b300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b65 7973 7461 keysta\n+0000b2e0: 7475 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tus. \n+0000b2f0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 (line 6).* linu\n+0000b300: 783a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x: \n 0000b310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b320: 206c 696e 7578 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 linux. \n-0000b330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b340: 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a20 2020 2020 .* linux16: \n+0000b320: 2020 206c 696e 7578 2e20 2020 2020 2020 linux. \n+0000b330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b340: 3629 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a20 2020 6).* linux16: \n 0000b350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 7831 linux1\n-0000b370: 362e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6. \n-0000b380: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 7374 (line 6).* list\n-0000b390: 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _env: \n+0000b360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 linu\n+0000b370: 7831 362e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x16. \n+0000b380: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 (line 6).* li\n+0000b390: 7374 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 st_env: \n 0000b3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b3b0: 2020 206c 6973 745f 656e 762e 2020 2020 list_env. \n-0000b3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000b3d0: 3629 0a2a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 6).* list_truste\n-0000b3e0: 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d: \n-0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 7374 list\n-0000b400: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2e20 2020 2020 2020 _trusted. \n-0000b410: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c6f (line 6).* lo\n-0000b420: 6164 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ad_env: \n+0000b3b0: 2020 2020 206c 6973 745f 656e 762e 2020 list_env. \n+0000b3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b3d0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 e 6).* list_trus\n+0000b3e0: 7465 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ted: \n+0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 li\n+0000b400: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2e20 2020 2020 st_trusted. \n+0000b410: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b420: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 load_env: \n 0000b430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b440: 2020 2020 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762e 2020 load_env. \n-0000b450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b460: 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 743a e 6).* loadfont:\n-0000b470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f lo\n-0000b490: 6164 666f 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 adfont. \n-0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b4b0: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a20 2020 2020 2020 loopback: \n+0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762e load_env.\n+0000b450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000b460: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e ine 6).* loadfon\n+0000b470: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n+0000b480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b490: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 loadfont. \n+0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b4b0: 2a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a20 2020 2020 * loopback: \n 0000b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2e loopback.\n-0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000b4f0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 733a 2020 2020 ine 6).* ls: \n+0000b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 loopbac\n+0000b4e0: 6b2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 k. \n+0000b4f0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 733a 2020 (line 6).* ls: \n 0000b500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000b510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b520: 6c73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls. \n-0000b530: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b540: 2a20 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 2020 2020 2020 * lsfonts: \n+0000b520: 2020 6c73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls. \n+0000b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b540: 290a 2a20 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 2020 2020 ).* lsfonts: \n 0000b550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 lsfonts\n-0000b570: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000b580: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 736d 6f64 (line 6).* lsmod\n-0000b590: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 7366 6f6e lsfon\n+0000b570: 7473 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ts. \n+0000b580: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 736d (line 6).* lsm\n+0000b590: 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 od: \n 0000b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b5b0: 2020 6c73 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 lsmod. \n-0000b5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b5d0: 290a 2a20 6d64 3573 756d 3a20 2020 2020 ).* md5sum: \n+0000b5b0: 2020 2020 6c73 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 2020 lsmod. \n+0000b5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000b5d0: 2036 290a 2a20 6d64 3573 756d 3a20 2020 6).* md5sum: \n 0000b5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6435 7375 md5su\n-0000b600: 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. \n-0000b610: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 656e (line 6).* men\n-0000b620: 7565 6e74 7279 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 uentry: \n+0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6435 md5\n+0000b600: 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum. \n+0000b610: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d (line 6).* m\n+0000b620: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a20 2020 2020 2020 enuentry: \n 0000b630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b640: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 792e 2020 menuentry. \n-0000b650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b660: 2036 290a 2a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a20 2020 6).* module: \n+0000b640: 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 792e menuentry.\n+0000b650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b660: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a20 ne 6).* module: \n 0000b670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6f64 mod\n-0000b690: 756c 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ule. \n-0000b6a0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d (line 6).* m\n-0000b6b0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot: \n+0000b680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n+0000b690: 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 odule. \n+0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b6b0: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 multiboot: \n 0000b6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742e multiboot.\n-0000b6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000b6f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 ne 6).* nativedi\n-0000b700: 736b 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sk: \n-0000b710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0000b720: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2e 2020 2020 2020 ativedisk. \n-0000b730: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b740: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 723a 2020 net_add_addr: \n+0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f multiboo\n+0000b6e0: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 t. (\n+0000b6f0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e61 7469 7665 line 6).* native\n+0000b700: 6469 736b 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 disk: \n+0000b710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b720: 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2e 2020 2020 nativedisk. \n+0000b730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b740: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 723a .* net_add_addr:\n 0000b750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6164 645f net_add_\n-0000b770: 6164 6472 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 addr. (\n-0000b780: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 line 6).* net_ad\n-0000b790: 645f 646e 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_dns: \n+0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6164 net_ad\n+0000b770: 645f 6164 6472 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_addr. \n+0000b780: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n+0000b790: 6164 645f 646e 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 add_dns: \n 0000b7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b7b0: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2e20 2020 net_add_dns. \n-0000b7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b7d0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 .* net_add_route\n-0000b7e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6164 net_ad\n-0000b800: 645f 726f 7574 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_route. \n-0000b810: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n-0000b820: 626f 6f74 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bootp: \n+0000b7b0: 2020 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2e20 net_add_dns. \n+0000b7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b7d0: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 6).* net_add_rou\n+0000b7e0: 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te: \n+0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n+0000b800: 6164 645f 726f 7574 652e 2020 2020 2020 add_route. \n+0000b810: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n+0000b820: 745f 626f 6f74 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_bootp: \n 0000b830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b840: 2020 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2e20 2020 net_bootp. \n-0000b850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000b860: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 6).* net_del_add\n-0000b870: 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r: \n-0000b880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n-0000b890: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2e20 2020 2020 2020 del_addr. \n-0000b8a0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n-0000b8b0: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 733a 2020 2020 2020 t_del_dns: \n+0000b840: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2e20 net_bootp. \n+0000b850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b860: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 e 6).* net_del_a\n+0000b870: 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ddr: \n+0000b880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n+0000b890: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2e20 2020 2020 t_del_addr. \n+0000b8a0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b8b0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 733a 2020 2020 net_del_dns: \n 0000b8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b8d0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 net_del_dns\n-0000b8e0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n-0000b8f0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 e 6).* net_del_r\n-0000b900: 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oute: \n-0000b910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-0000b920: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652e 2020 2020 t_del_route. \n-0000b930: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b940: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a20 2020 2020 2020 net_dhcp: \n+0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 net_del_d\n+0000b8e0: 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c ns. (l\n+0000b8f0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c ine 6).* net_del\n+0000b900: 5f72 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _route: \n+0000b910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b920: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652e 2020 net_del_route. \n+0000b930: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b940: 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a20 2020 2020 * net_dhcp: \n 0000b950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702e net_dhcp.\n-0000b970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000b980: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 ine 6).* net_get\n-0000b990: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 3a20 2020 _dhcp_option: \n+0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 6863 net_dhc\n+0000b970: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p. \n+0000b980: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f67 (line 6).* net_g\n+0000b990: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 3a20 et_dhcp_option: \n 0000b9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b9b0: 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 net_get_dhcp_opt\n-0000b9c0: 696f 6e2e 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a ion. (line 6).\n-0000b9d0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 * net_ipv6_autoc\n-0000b9e0: 6f6e 663a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 onf: \n-0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f69 7076 net_ipv\n-0000ba00: 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2e20 2020 2020 6_autoconf. \n-0000ba10: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c (line 6).* net_l\n-0000ba20: 735f 6164 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 s_addr: \n+0000b9b0: 2020 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f net_get_dhcp_o\n+0000b9c0: 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 ption. (line 6\n+0000b9d0: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 ).* net_ipv6_aut\n+0000b9e0: 6f63 6f6e 663a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oconf: \n+0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f69 net_i\n+0000ba00: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2e20 2020 pv6_autoconf. \n+0000ba10: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n+0000ba20: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _ls_addr: \n 0000ba30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ba40: 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722e 2020 net_ls_addr. \n-0000ba50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000ba60: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 ).* net_ls_cards\n-0000ba70: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c net_l\n-0000ba90: 735f 6361 7264 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 s_cards. \n-0000baa0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n-0000bab0: 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _ls_dns: \n+0000ba40: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722e net_ls_addr.\n+0000ba50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000ba60: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6).* net_ls_car\n+0000ba70: 6473 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ds: \n+0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n+0000ba90: 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732e 2020 2020 2020 _ls_cards. \n+0000baa0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n+0000bab0: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 2020 2020 2020 et_ls_dns: \n 0000bac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bad0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2e20 net_ls_dns. \n-0000bae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000baf0: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 6).* net_ls_rou\n-0000bb00: 7465 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tes: \n-0000bb10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n-0000bb20: 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2e20 2020 2020 _ls_routes. \n-0000bb30: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n-0000bb40: 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a 2020 2020 et_nslookup: \n+0000bad0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 net_ls_dns\n+0000bae0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 . (li\n+0000baf0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 ne 6).* net_ls_r\n+0000bb00: 6f75 7465 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 outes: \n+0000bb10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+0000bb20: 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2e20 2020 et_ls_routes. \n+0000bb30: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000bb40: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a 2020 net_nslookup: \n 0000bb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b net_nslook\n-0000bb70: 7570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 up. (li\n-0000bb80: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f ne 6).* net_set_\n-0000bb90: 766c 616e 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 vlan: \n-0000bba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0000bbb0: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2e 2020 2020 et_set_vlan. \n-0000bbc0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000bbd0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 normal: \n+0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f net_nslo\n+0000bb70: 6f6b 7570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 okup. (\n+0000bb80: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 7365 line 6).* net_se\n+0000bb90: 745f 766c 616e 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_vlan: \n+0000bba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bbb0: 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2e 2020 net_set_vlan. \n+0000bbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000bbd0: 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 .* normal: \n 0000bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 2e20 normal. \n-0000bc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000bc10: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c line 6).* normal\n-0000bc20: 5f65 7869 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _exit: \n+0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c normal\n+0000bc00: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000bc10: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e6f 726d (line 6).* norm\n+0000bc20: 616c 5f65 7869 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 al_exit: \n 0000bc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc40: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2e20 2020 normal_exit. \n-0000bc50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000bc60: 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c3a 2020 2020 .* parttool: \n+0000bc40: 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2e20 normal_exit. \n+0000bc50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000bc60: 3629 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c3a 2020 6).* parttool: \n 0000bc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f partto\n-0000bc90: 6f6c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ol. \n-0000bca0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7373 (line 6).* pass\n-0000bcb0: 776f 7264 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 word: \n+0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 part\n+0000bc90: 746f 6f6c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tool. \n+0000bca0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 (line 6).* pa\n+0000bcb0: 7373 776f 7264 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ssword: \n 0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bcd0: 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e 2020 2020 password. \n-0000bce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000bcf0: 3629 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6).* password_pb\n-0000bd00: 6b64 6632 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 kdf2: \n-0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7373 pass\n-0000bd20: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322e 2020 2020 word_pbkdf2. \n-0000bd30: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c (line 6).* pl\n-0000bd40: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ainmount: \n+0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e 2020 password. \n+0000bce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000bcf0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f e 6).* password_\n+0000bd00: 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pbkdf2: \n+0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 pa\n+0000bd20: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322e 2020 ssword_pbkdf2. \n+0000bd30: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000bd40: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 plainmount: \n 0000bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd60: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742e plainmount.\n-0000bd70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000bd80: 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a 2020 2020 e 6).* play: \n+0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e plainmoun\n+0000bd70: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c t. (l\n+0000bd80: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a 2020 ine 6).* play: \n 0000bd90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c pl\n-0000bdb0: 6179 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ay. \n-0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000bdd0: 7072 6f62 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 probe: \n+0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bdb0: 706c 6179 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 play. \n+0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000bdd0: 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * probe: \n 0000bde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6265 2e20 2020 probe. \n-0000be00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000be10: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 646d 7372 3a20 ine 6).* rdmsr: \n-0000be20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6265 2e20 probe. \n+0000be00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000be10: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 646d 7372 (line 6).* rdmsr\n+0000be20: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000be30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be40: 7264 6d73 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n-0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000be60: 2a20 7265 6164 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * read: \n+0000be40: 2020 7264 6d73 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n+0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000be60: 290a 2a20 7265 6164 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ).* read: \n 0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6561 642e 2020 read. \n+0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6561 642e read.\n 0000be90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bea0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6562 6f6f (line 6).* reboo\n-0000beb0: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n+0000bea0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6562 (line 6).* reb\n+0000beb0: 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot: \n 0000bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bed0: 2020 7265 626f 6f74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 reboot. \n-0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bef0: 290a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a20 2020 2020 ).* regexp: \n+0000bed0: 2020 2020 7265 626f 6f74 2e20 2020 2020 reboot. \n+0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000bef0: 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a20 2020 6).* regexp: \n 0000bf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 6578 regex\n-0000bf20: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p. \n-0000bf30: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6d6d (line 6).* rmm\n-0000bf40: 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 od: \n+0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 reg\n+0000bf20: 6578 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 exp. \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 (line 6).* r\n+0000bf40: 6d6d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mmod: \n 0000bf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf60: 2020 2020 726d 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 2020 rmmod. \n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000bf80: 2036 290a 2a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a20 6).* save_env: \n-0000bf90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6176 sav\n-0000bfb0: 655f 656e 762e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e_env. \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n-0000bfd0: 6561 7263 683a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 earch: \n+0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 726d 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 rmmod. \n+0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000bf80: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 ne 6).* save_env\n+0000bf90: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+0000bfb0: 6176 655f 656e 762e 2020 2020 2020 2020 ave_env. \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000bfd0: 2073 6561 7263 683a 2020 2020 2020 2020 search: \n 0000bfe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2e20 2020 search. \n-0000c000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c010: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 793a ne 6).* sendkey:\n-0000c020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-0000c040: 656e 646b 6579 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 endkey. \n-0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c060: 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 serial: \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2e20 search. \n+0000c000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000c010: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 line 6).* sendke\n+0000c020: 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y: \n+0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c040: 2073 656e 646b 6579 2e20 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n+0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000c060: 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 .* serial: \n 0000c070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 2e20 serial. \n-0000c090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000c0a0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 743a 2020 line 6).* set: \n+0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c serial\n+0000c090: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000c0a0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 743a (line 6).* set:\n 0000c0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000c0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c0d0: 2073 6574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set. \n-0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c0f0: 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a20 2020 2020 .* sha1sum: \n+0000c0d0: 2020 2073 6574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 set. \n+0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000c0f0: 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a20 2020 6).* sha1sum: \n 0000c100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6131 7375 sha1su\n-0000c120: 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. \n-0000c130: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6132 (line 6).* sha2\n-0000c140: 3536 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 56sum: \n+0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6131 sha1\n+0000c120: 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum. \n+0000c130: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 (line 6).* sh\n+0000c140: 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 a256sum: \n 0000c150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c160: 2020 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2e20 2020 sha256sum. \n-0000c170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000c180: 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 3a20 6).* sha512sum: \n-0000c190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6135 sha5\n-0000c1b0: 3132 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 12sum. \n-0000c1c0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736c (line 6).* sl\n-0000c1d0: 6565 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eep: \n+0000c160: 2020 2020 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2e20 sha256sum. \n+0000c170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000c180: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d e 6).* sha512sum\n+0000c190: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 sh\n+0000c1b0: 6135 3132 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 a512sum. \n+0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c1d0: 736c 6565 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sleep: \n 0000c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 2020 2020 sleep. \n-0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000c210: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f 733a 2020 e 6).* smbios: \n+0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 2020 sleep. \n+0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000c210: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f 733a ine 6).* smbios:\n 0000c220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736d sm\n-0000c240: 6269 6f73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bios. \n-0000c250: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000c260: 736f 7572 6365 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 source: \n+0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c240: 736d 6269 6f73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 smbios. \n+0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c260: 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * source: \n 0000c270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6f75 7263 652e 2020 source. \n-0000c290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000c2a0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 ine 6).* submenu\n-0000c2b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6f75 7263 652e source.\n+0000c290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c2a0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 7562 6d65 (line 6).* subme\n+0000c2b0: 6e75 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nu: \n 0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c2d0: 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 2020 2020 2020 submenu. \n-0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000c2f0: 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 * terminal_input\n-0000c300: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 termina\n-0000c320: 6c5f 696e 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_input. \n-0000c330: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 (line 6).* termi\n-0000c340: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a20 2020 2020 nal_output: \n+0000c2d0: 2020 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 2020 2020 submenu. \n+0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c2f0: 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ).* terminal_inp\n+0000c300: 7574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ut: \n+0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 termi\n+0000c320: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 nal_input. \n+0000c330: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 (line 6).* ter\n+0000c340: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a20 2020 minal_output: \n 0000c350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c360: 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 terminal_outpu\n-0000c370: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 t. (line 6\n-0000c380: 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 3a20 2020 ).* terminfo: \n+0000c360: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 terminal_out\n+0000c370: 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 put. (line\n+0000c380: 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 3a20 6).* terminfo: \n 0000c390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 termi\n-0000c3b0: 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nfo. \n-0000c3c0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6573 (line 6).* tes\n-0000c3d0: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n+0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 ter\n+0000c3b0: 6d69 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 minfo. \n+0000c3c0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 (line 6).* t\n+0000c3d0: 6573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 est: \n 0000c3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3f0: 2020 2020 7465 7374 2e20 2020 2020 2020 test. \n-0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c410: 2036 290a 2a20 7472 7565 3a20 2020 2020 6).* true: \n+0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 7465 7374 2e20 2020 2020 test. \n+0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000c410: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7472 7565 3a20 2020 ne 6).* true: \n 0000c420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 tru\n-0000c440: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-0000c450: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 (line 6).* t\n-0000c460: 7275 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rust: \n+0000c430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+0000c440: 7275 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue. \n+0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000c460: 2074 7275 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 trust: \n 0000c470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 7472 7573 742e 2020 2020 trust. \n-0000c490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c4a0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 756e 7365 743a 2020 ne 6).* unset: \n+0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7573 742e 2020 trust. \n+0000c490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000c4a0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 756e 7365 743a line 6).* unset:\n 0000c4b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 u\n-0000c4d0: 6e73 6574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nset. \n-0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c4f0: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n-0000c500: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7269 6679 5f64 verify_d\n-0000c520: 6574 6163 6865 642e 2020 2020 2020 2028 etached. (\n-0000c530: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7669 6465 6f69 line 6).* videoi\n-0000c540: 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nfo: \n+0000c4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c4d0: 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset. \n+0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000c4f0: 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 .* verify_detach\n+0000c500: 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed: \n+0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7269 6679 verify\n+0000c520: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642e 2020 2020 2020 _detached. \n+0000c530: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7669 6465 (line 6).* vide\n+0000c540: 6f69 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oinfo: \n 0000c550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c560: 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 videoinfo. \n-0000c570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c580: 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* wrmsr: \n+0000c560: 2020 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2e20 2020 videoinfo. \n+0000c570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000c580: 3629 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a20 2020 2020 6).* wrmsr: \n 0000c590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7772 6d73 722e wrmsr.\n-0000c5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5c0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f (line 6).* xen_\n-0000c5d0: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 3a20 2020 2020 hypervisor: \n+0000c5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7772 6d73 wrms\n+0000c5b0: 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+0000c5c0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7865 (line 6).* xe\n+0000c5d0: 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 3a20 2020 n_hypervisor: \n 0000c5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5f0: 2020 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f xen_hyperviso\n-0000c600: 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 r. (line \n-0000c610: 3629 0a2a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 653a 6).* xen_module:\n-0000c620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e5f xen_\n-0000c640: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 module. \n-0000c650: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 0a (line 6)..\n+0000c5f0: 2020 2020 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 xen_hypervi\n+0000c600: 736f 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e sor. (lin\n+0000c610: 6520 3629 0a2a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c e 6).* xen_modul\n+0000c620: 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e: \n+0000c630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 xe\n+0000c640: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 n_module. \n+0000c650: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 0a (line 6)..\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info", "source2": "grub.info", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,540 +1,540 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.1 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3920 4d61 7920 3230 3234 292e 0a0a 2020 9 May 2024)... \n-00000080: 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 20c2 a90a 3139 Copyright ...19\n-00000090: 3939 2c32 3030 302c 3230 3031 2c32 3030 99,2000,2001,200\n-000000a0: 322c 3230 3034 2c32 3030 362c 3230 3038 2,2004,2006,2008\n-000000b0: 2c32 3030 392c 3230 3130 2c32 3031 312c ,2009,2010,2011,\n-000000c0: 3230 3132 2c32 3031 3320 4672 6565 0a53 2012,2013 Free.S\n-000000d0: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 oftware Foundati\n-000000e0: 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 on, Inc... P\n-000000f0: 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 6973 2067 7261 ermission is gra\n-00000100: 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2c20 6469 nted to copy, di\n-00000110: 7374 7269 6275 7465 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 stribute and/or \n-00000120: 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 modify this. \n-00000130: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 756e 6465 7220 document under \n-00000140: 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6865 the terms of the\n-00000150: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n-00000160: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652c ntation License,\n-00000170: 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 312e . Version 1.\n-00000180: 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 2076 2 or any later v\n-00000190: 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 ersion published\n-000001a0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 6565 2053 6f66 by the Free Sof\n-000001b0: 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 2046 6f75 6e64 tware. Found\n-000001c0: 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2049 ation; with no I\n-000001d0: 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e nvariant Section\n-000001e0: 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 5345 4354 s..INFO-DIR-SECT\n-000001f0: 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c 0a53 5441 5254 ION Kernel.START\n-00000200: 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 590a -INFO-DIR-ENTRY.\n-00000210: 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 7275 6229 2e20 * GRUB: (grub). \n-00000220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000230: 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 556e 6966 6965 The GRand Unifie\n-00000240: 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a 2067 d Bootloader.* g\n-00000250: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 2028 6772 rub-install: (gr\n-00000260: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000270: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 2020 2049 6e73 -install. Ins\n-00000280: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 tall GRUB on you\n-00000290: 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d r drive.* grub-m\n-000002a0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 6772 7562 2949 kconfig: (grub)I\n-000002b0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n-000002c0: 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 onfig. Generate\n-000002d0: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 GRUB configurat\n-000002e0: 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 ion.* grub-mkpas\n-000002f0: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2867 7275 swd-pbkdf2: (gru\n-00000300: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-00000310: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322e mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n-00000320: 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 .* grub-mkrelpat\n-00000330: 683a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e h: (grub)Invokin\n-00000340: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 g grub-mkrelpath\n-00000350: 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ..* grub-mkrescu\n-00000360: 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e e: (grub)Invokin\n-00000370: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652e g grub-mkrescue.\n-00000380: 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 7265 Make a GRUB re\n-00000390: 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2067 7275 scue image.* gru\n-000003a0: 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 6772 7562 2949 b-mount: (grub)I\n-000003b0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 nvoking grub-mou\n-000003c0: 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 nt. Mount\n-000003d0: 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2075 a file system u\n-000003e0: 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 6772 7562 sing GRUB.* grub\n-000003f0: 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e -probe: (grub)In\n-00000400: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 voking grub-prob\n-00000410: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 6520 e. Probe \n-00000420: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 device informati\n-00000430: 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 on.* grub-script\n-00000440: 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e -check: (grub)In\n-00000450: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 voking grub-scri\n-00000460: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a 454e 442d 494e pt-check..END-IN\n-00000470: 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 0a0a 1f0a FO-DIR-ENTRY....\n-00000480: 496e 6469 7265 6374 3a0a 6772 7562 2e69 Indirect:.grub.i\n-00000490: 6e66 6f2d 313a 2031 3135 300a 6772 7562 nfo-1: 1150.grub\n-000004a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2d 323a 2033 3033 3336 320a .info-2: 303362.\n-000004b0: 1f0a 5461 6720 5461 626c 653a 0a28 496e ..Tag Table:.(In\n-000004c0: 6469 7265 6374 290a 4e6f 6465 3a20 546f direct).Node: To\n-000004d0: 707f 3131 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 p.1150.Node: Int\n-000004e0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e7f 3337 3137 0a4e roduction.3717.N\n-000004f0: 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 777f 3431 ode: Overview.41\n-00000500: 3631 0a4e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 61.Node: Overvie\n-00000510: 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f 3631 3539 w-Footnotes.6159\n-00000520: 0a52 6566 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 2d46 .Ref: Overview-F\n-00000530: 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 317f 3632 3230 0a4e ootnote-1.6220.N\n-00000540: 6f64 653a 2048 6973 746f 7279 7f36 3338 ode: History.638\n-00000550: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 6.Node: Changes \n-00000560: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 from GRUB Legacy\n-00000570: 7f38 3437 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 6174 .8476.Node: Feat\n-00000580: 7572 6573 7f31 3130 3130 0a4e 6f64 653a ures.11010.Node:\n-00000590: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n-000005a0: 7465 737f 3137 3537 390a 5265 663a 2046 tes.17579.Ref: F\n-000005b0: 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 eatures-Footnote\n-000005c0: 2d31 7f31 3736 3430 0a52 6566 3a20 4665 -1.17640.Ref: Fe\n-000005d0: 6174 7572 6573 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d atures-Footnote-\n-000005e0: 327f 3137 3733 360a 5265 663a 2046 6561 2.17736.Ref: Fea\n-000005f0: 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d33 tures-Footnote-3\n-00000600: 7f31 3738 3833 0a4e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c .17883.Node: Rol\n-00000610: 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 e of a boot load\n-00000620: 6572 7f31 3830 3238 0a4e 6f64 653a 2052 er.18028.Node: R\n-00000630: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n-00000640: 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 7f31 ader-Footnotes.1\n-00000650: 3933 3637 0a52 6566 3a20 526f 6c65 206f 9367.Ref: Role o\n-00000660: 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d f a boot loader-\n-00000670: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 7f31 3934 3534 Footnote-1.19454\n-00000680: 0a4e 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f .Node: Naming co\n-00000690: 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 7f31 3935 3333 0a4e nvention.19533.N\n-000006a0: 6f64 653a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 ode: OS-specific\n-000006b0: 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 notes about gru\n-000006c0: 6220 746f 6f6c 737f 3232 3530 300a 4e6f b tools.22500.No\n-000006d0: 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e de: Installation\n-000006e0: 7f32 3335 3336 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e73 .23536.Node: Ins\n-000006f0: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 talling GRUB usi\n-00000700: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c7f ng grub-install.\n-00000710: 3234 3638 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 24686.Node: Maki\n-00000720: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n-00000730: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d7f 3237 3034 310a le CD-ROM.27041.\n-00000740: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 Node: Making a G\n-00000750: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n-00000760: 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f 3238 ROM-Footnotes.28\n-00000770: 3935 360a 5265 663a 204d 616b 696e 6720 956.Ref: Making \n-00000780: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n-00000790: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d CD-ROM-Footnote-\n-000007a0: 317f 3239 3035 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 1.29059.Node: De\n-000007b0: 7669 6365 206d 6170 7f32 3931 3334 0a4e vice map.29134.N\n-000007c0: 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c ode: BIOS instal\n-000007d0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 7f33 3131 3231 0a4e 6f64 lation.31121.Nod\n-000007e0: 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 7f33 3536 3235 e: Booting.35625\n-000007f0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 .Node: General b\n-00000800: 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 737f 3336 3136 oot methods.3616\n-00000810: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 0.Node: Loading \n-00000820: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n-00000830: 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 7f33 3638 tem directly.368\n-00000840: 3537 0a4e 6f64 653a 204b 6578 6563 7f33 57.Node: Kexec.3\n-00000850: 3735 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e 7584.Node: Chain\n-00000860: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 7f33 3833 3437 0a4e -loading.38347.N\n-00000870: 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f ode: Loopback bo\n-00000880: 6f74 696e 677f 3339 3331 310a 4e6f 6465 oting.39311.Node\n-00000890: 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 : LVM cache boot\n-000008a0: 696e 677f 3431 3036 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ing.41069.Node: \n-000008b0: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 OS-specific note\n-000008c0: 737f 3432 3333 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e s.42335.Node: GN\n-000008d0: 552f 4875 7264 7f34 3236 3235 0a4e 6f64 U/Hurd.42625.Nod\n-000008e0: 653a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 7f34 3337 e: GNU/Linux.437\n-000008f0: 3536 0a4e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 4253 447f 56.Node: NetBSD.\n-00000900: 3435 3131 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f 45118.Node: DOS/\n-00000910: 5769 6e64 6f77 737f 3436 3631 320a 4e6f Windows.46612.No\n-00000920: 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f de: Configuratio\n-00000930: 6e7f 3438 3430 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 n.48406.Node: Si\n-00000940: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n-00000950: 6f6e 7f34 3931 3236 0a4e 6f64 653a 2052 on.49126.Node: R\n-00000960: 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f oot Identifcatio\n-00000970: 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 7f36 3831 n Heuristics.681\n-00000980: 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 22.Node: Shell-l\n-00000990: 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 677f 3731 ike scripting.71\n-000009a0: 3237 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 274.Node: Shell-\n-000009b0: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 like scripting-F\n-000009c0: 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 7f37 3938 3530 0a52 ootnotes.79850.R\n-000009d0: 6566 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ef: Shell-like s\n-000009e0: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 cripting-Footnot\n-000009f0: 652d 317f 3739 3933 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 e-1.79935.Node: \n-00000a00: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n-00000a10: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 7f38 3030 3632 0a4e l config.80062.N\n-00000a20: 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f ode: Embedded co\n-00000a30: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e7f 3833 3638 nfiguration.8368\n-00000a40: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 5.Node: Theme fi\n-00000a50: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 747f 3836 3632 310a le format.86621.\n-00000a60: 5265 663a 2050 6978 6d61 702d 7374 796c Ref: Pixmap-styl\n-00000a70: 6564 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 727f ed progress bar.\n-00000a80: 3838 3038 360a 5265 663a 2050 6c61 696e 88086.Ref: Plain\n-00000a90: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722c 2064 progress bar, d\n-00000aa0: 7261 776e 2077 6974 6820 736f 6c69 6420 rawn with solid \n-00000ab0: 636f 6c6f 722e 7f38 3830 3937 0a52 6566 color..88097.Ref\n-00000ac0: 3a20 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 : An example of \n-00000ad0: 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 696e 2072 the slices (in r\n-00000ae0: 6564 2920 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 2074 ed) used for a t\n-00000af0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e20 erminal window. \n-00000b00: 5468 6973 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2077 6173 This drawing was\n-00000b10: 2063 7265 6174 6564 2061 6e64 2073 6c69 created and sli\n-00000b20: 6365 6420 696e 2049 6e6b 7363 6170 655f ced in Inkscape_\n-00000b30: 2c20 6173 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 7365 , as the next se\n-00000b40: 6374 696f 6e20 6578 706c 6169 6e73 2e7f ction explains..\n-00000b50: 3931 3538 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 91588.Node: Netw\n-00000b60: 6f72 6b7f 3131 3230 3531 0a4e 6f64 653a ork.112051.Node:\n-00000b70: 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c Serial terminal\n-00000b80: 7f31 3136 3638 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5665 .116689.Node: Ve\n-00000b90: 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 ndor power-on ke\n-00000ba0: 7973 7f31 3138 3933 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ys.118938.Node: \n-00000bb0: 496d 6167 6573 7f31 3230 3931 370a 4e6f Images.120917.No\n-00000bc0: 6465 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 de: Core image s\n-00000bd0: 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7f31 ize limitation.1\n-00000be0: 3236 3034 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 26044.Node: File\n-00000bf0: 7379 7374 656d 7f31 3238 3633 300a 4e6f system.128630.No\n-00000c00: 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 de: Device synta\n-00000c10: 787f 3132 3933 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 x.129343.Node: F\n-00000c20: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 787f ile name syntax.\n-00000c30: 3133 3234 3830 0a4e 6f64 653a 2042 6c6f 132480.Node: Blo\n-00000c40: 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 7f31 ck list syntax.1\n-00000c50: 3333 3539 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 33594.Node: Inte\n-00000c60: 7266 6163 657f 3133 3434 3934 0a4e 6f64 rface.134494.Nod\n-00000c70: 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 e: Command-line \n-00000c80: 696e 7465 7266 6163 657f 3133 3533 3232 interface.135322\n-00000c90: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c .Node: Command-l\n-00000ca0: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d 466f ine interface-Fo\n-00000cb0: 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f 3133 3732 3436 0a52 otnotes.137246.R\n-00000cc0: 6566 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ef: Command-line\n-00000cd0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e interface-Footn\n-00000ce0: 6f74 652d 317f 3133 3733 3335 0a4e 6f64 ote-1.137335.Nod\n-00000cf0: 653a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 e: Menu interfac\n-00000d00: 657f 3133 3734 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a 204d e.137430.Node: M\n-00000d10: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 enu entry editor\n-00000d20: 7f31 3338 3537 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 456e .138573.Node: En\n-00000d30: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 747f 3133 3933 3135 vironment.139315\n-00000d40: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 .Node: Special e\n-00000d50: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00000d60: 626c 6573 7f31 3430 3031 370a 4e6f 6465 bles.140017.Node\n-00000d70: 3a20 6269 6f73 6e75 6d7f 3134 3131 3737 : biosnum.141177\n-00000d80: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 .Node: check_sig\n-00000d90: 6e61 7475 7265 737f 3134 3137 3031 0a4e natures.141701.N\n-00000da0: 6f64 653a 2063 686f 7365 6e7f 3134 3139 ode: chosen.1419\n-00000db0: 3838 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 88.Node: cmdpath\n-00000dc0: 7f31 3432 3433 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f .142435.Node: co\n-00000dd0: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 747f 3134 lor_highlight.14\n-00000de0: 3238 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 2866.Node: color\n-00000df0: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c7f 3134 3332 3836 0a4e _normal.143286.N\n-00000e00: 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 ode: config_dire\n-00000e10: 6374 6f72 797f 3134 3530 3431 0a4e 6f64 ctory.145041.Nod\n-00000e20: 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 7f31 e: config_file.1\n-00000e30: 3435 3333 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 6275 45335.Node: debu\n-00000e40: 677f 3134 3537 3336 0a4e 6f64 653a 2064 g.145736.Node: d\n-00000e50: 6566 6175 6c74 7f31 3436 3730 390a 4e6f efault.146709.No\n-00000e60: 6465 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 7f31 3438 de: fallback.148\n-00000e70: 3136 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 165.Node: gfxmod\n-00000e80: 657f 3134 3835 3032 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 e.148502.Node: g\n-00000e90: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 647f 3134 3933 3332 fxpayload.149332\n-00000ea0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 .Node: gfxterm_f\n-00000eb0: 6f6e 747f 3135 3035 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a ont.150522.Node:\n-00000ec0: 2067 7275 625f 6370 757f 3135 3038 3330 grub_cpu.150830\n-00000ed0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 .Node: grub_plat\n-00000ee0: 666f 726d 7f31 3531 3133 300a 4e6f 6465 form.151130.Node\n-00000ef0: 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 727f 3135 3134 3334 : icondir.151434\n-00000f00: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 616e 677f 3135 3137 .Node: lang.1517\n-00000f10: 3535 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 55.Node: locale_\n-00000f20: 6469 727f 3135 3232 3430 0a4e 6f64 653a dir.152240.Node:\n-00000f30: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3135 3237 3435 lockdown.152745\n-00000f40: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f .Node: menu_colo\n-00000f50: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 747f 3135 3239 r_highlight.1529\n-00000f60: 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 91.Node: menu_co\n-00000f70: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 7f31 3533 3439 lor_normal.15349\n-00000f80: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 3.Node: net__boot_fil\n-00000fa0: 657f 3135 3430 3032 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e e.154002.Node: n\n-00000fb0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n-00000fc0: 6c69 656e 7469 647f 3135 3432 3337 0a4e lientid.154237.N\n-00000fd0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__clientuuid.\n-00000ff0: 3135 3434 3739 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 154479.Node: net\n-00001000: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 __dhc\n-00001010: 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 657f 3135 p_server_name.15\n-00001020: 3437 3332 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 4732.Node: net_<\n-00001030: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d 6169 INTERFACE>_domai\n-00001040: 6e7f 3135 3439 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e n.154995.Node: n\n-00001050: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 et__e\n-00001060: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 687f 3135 xtensionspath.15\n-00001070: 3532 3432 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 5242.Node: net_<\n-00001080: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 746e INTERFACE>_hostn\n-00001090: 616d 657f 3135 3534 3937 0a4e 6f64 653a ame.155497.Node:\n-000010a0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-000010b0: 5f69 707f 3135 3537 3336 0a4e 6f64 653a _ip.155736.Node:\n-000010c0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-000010d0: 5f6d 6163 7f31 3535 3935 320a 4e6f 6465 _mac.155952.Node\n-000010e0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__next_server.15\n-00001100: 3631 3733 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 6173.Node: net_<\n-00001110: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f 7470 INTERFACE>_rootp\n-00001120: 6174 687f 3135 3634 3136 0a4e 6f64 653a ath.156416.Node:\n-00001130: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 net_default_int\n-00001140: 6572 6661 6365 7f31 3536 3635 350a 4e6f erface.156655.No\n-00001150: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: net_default_\n-00001160: 6970 7f31 3536 3837 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ip.156875.Node: \n-00001170: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 637f net_default_mac.\n-00001180: 3135 3730 3732 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 157072.Node: net\n-00001190: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 727f _default_server.\n-000011a0: 3135 3732 3638 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6167 157268.Node: pag\n-000011b0: 6572 7f31 3537 3436 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 er.157461.Node: \n-000011c0: 7072 6566 6978 7f31 3537 3732 310a 4e6f prefix.157721.No\n-000011d0: 6465 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 657f de: pxe_blksize.\n-000011e0: 3135 3831 3738 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 158178.Node: pxe\n-000011f0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 _default_gateway\n-00001200: 7f31 3538 3335 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 .158355.Node: px\n-00001210: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e_default_server\n-00001220: 7f31 3538 3536 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 726f .158560.Node: ro\n-00001230: 6f74 7f31 3538 3735 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ot.158756.Node: \n-00001240: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b7f 3135 3933 3136 shim_lock.159316\n-00001250: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 .Node: superuser\n-00001260: 737f 3135 3935 3837 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 s.159587.Node: t\n-00001270: 6865 6d65 7f31 3539 3834 300a 4e6f 6465 heme.159840.Node\n-00001280: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 747f 3136 3031 3635 : timeout.160165\n-00001290: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 .Node: timeout_s\n-000012a0: 7479 6c65 7f31 3630 3832 360a 4e6f 6465 tyle.160826.Node\n-000012b0: 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c : tpm_fail_fatal\n-000012c0: 7f31 3631 3235 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 456e .161250.Node: En\n-000012d0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b7f vironment block.\n-000012e0: 3136 3139 3335 0a4e 6f64 653a 204d 6f64 161935.Node: Mod\n-000012f0: 756c 6573 7f31 3633 3339 310a 4e6f 6465 ules.163391.Node\n-00001300: 3a20 626c 697f 3136 3336 3736 0a4e 6f64 : bli.163676.Nod\n-00001310: 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3136 3436 e: Commands.1646\n-00001320: 3535 0a4e 6f64 653a 204d 656e 752d 7370 55.Node: Menu-sp\n-00001330: 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f ecific commands.\n-00001340: 3136 3535 3434 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 165544.Node: men\n-00001350: 7565 6e74 7279 7f31 3636 3236 330a 4e6f uentry.166263.No\n-00001360: 6465 3a20 7375 626d 656e 757f 3136 3738 de: submenu.1678\n-00001370: 3532 0a4e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 52.Node: Loader \n-00001380: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3638 3338 350a commands.168385.\n-00001390: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 Node: chainloade\n-000013a0: 727f 3137 3038 3831 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 r.170881.Node: i\n-000013b0: 6e69 7472 647f 3137 3135 3734 0a4e 6f64 nitrd.171574.Nod\n-000013c0: 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 367f 3137 3337 e: initrd16.1737\n-000013d0: 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 7f31 70.Node: linux.1\n-000013e0: 3734 3337 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 74376.Node: linu\n-000013f0: 7831 367f 3137 3532 3833 0a4e 6f64 653a x16.175283.Node:\n-00001400: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 727f xen_hypervisor.\n-00001410: 3137 3539 3838 0a4e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 175988.Node: xen\n-00001420: 5f6d 6f64 756c 657f 3137 3634 3332 0a4e _module.176432.N\n-00001430: 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d ode: General com\n-00001440: 6d61 6e64 737f 3137 3639 3333 0a4e 6f64 mands.176933.Nod\n-00001450: 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c7f 3137 3733 3833 e: serial.177383\n-00001460: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f .Node: terminal_\n-00001470: 696e 7075 747f 3137 3932 3535 0a4e 6f64 input.179255.Nod\n-00001480: 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 e: terminal_outp\n-00001490: 7574 7f31 3739 3932 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ut.179925.Node: \n-000014a0: 7465 726d 696e 666f 7f31 3830 3539 360a terminfo.180596.\n-000014b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Node: Command-li\n-000014c0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3138 3138 ne commands.1818\n-000014d0: 3833 0a4e 6f64 653a 205b 7f31 3837 3032 83.Node: [.18702\n-000014e0: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6163 7069 7f31 3837 0.Node: acpi.187\n-000014f0: 3139 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6175 7468 656e 191.Node: authen\n-00001500: 7469 6361 7465 7f31 3838 3436 330a 4e6f ticate.188463.No\n-00001510: 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 de: background_c\n-00001520: 6f6c 6f72 7f31 3838 3838 330a 4e6f 6465 olor.188883.Node\n-00001530: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 : background_ima\n-00001540: 6765 7f31 3839 3534 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ge.189545.Node: \n-00001550: 6261 6472 616d 7f31 3930 3038 360a 4e6f badram.190086.No\n-00001560: 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 747f 3139 de: blocklist.19\n-00001570: 3134 3631 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6f6f 747f 1461.Node: boot.\n-00001580: 3139 3136 3830 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6174 191680.Node: cat\n-00001590: 7f31 3931 3938 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c .191987.Node: cl\n-000015a0: 6561 727f 3139 3239 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a ear.192964.Node:\n-000015b0: 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 7f31 3933 3132 cmosclean.19312\n-000015c0: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 7.Node: cmosdump\n-000015d0: 7f31 3933 3431 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .193416.Node: cm\n-000015e0: 6f73 7465 7374 7f31 3933 3639 360a 4e6f ostest.193696.No\n-000015f0: 6465 3a20 636d 707f 3139 3430 3339 0a4e de: cmp.194039.N\n-00001600: 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 657f ode: configfile.\n-00001610: 3139 3437 3934 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 7075 194794.Node: cpu\n-00001620: 6964 7f31 3935 3230 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 id.195208.Node: \n-00001630: 6372 637f 3139 3537 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a crc.195776.Node:\n-00001640: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 7f31 3936 cryptomount.196\n-00001650: 3034 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6375 746d 656d 043.Node: cutmem\n-00001660: 7f31 3938 3331 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6461 .198313.Node: da\n-00001670: 7465 7f31 3939 3138 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 te.199181.Node: \n-00001680: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 7f31 3939 3731 devicetree.19971\n-00001690: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 0.Node: distrust\n-000016a0: 7f32 3030 3233 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6472 .200237.Node: dr\n-000016b0: 6976 656d 6170 7f32 3031 3032 330a 4e6f ivemap.201023.No\n-000016c0: 6465 3a20 6563 686f 7f32 3031 3836 300a de: echo.201860.\n-000016d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 Node: efitextmod\n-000016e0: 657f 3230 3238 3335 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 e.202835.Node: e\n-000016f0: 7661 6c7f 3230 3530 3639 0a4e 6f64 653a val.205069.Node:\n-00001700: 2065 7870 6f72 747f 3230 3533 3434 0a4e export.205344.N\n-00001710: 6f64 653a 2066 616c 7365 7f32 3035 3634 ode: false.20564\n-00001720: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6677 7365 7475 707f 4.Node: fwsetup.\n-00001730: 3230 3539 3333 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 6462 205933.Node: gdb\n-00001740: 696e 666f 7f32 3036 3238 320a 4e6f 6465 info.206282.Node\n-00001750: 3a20 6765 7474 6578 747f 3230 3638 3231 : gettext.206821\n-00001760: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 7f32 .Node: gptsync.2\n-00001770: 3037 3236 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 6c74 07267.Node: halt\n-00001780: 7f32 3038 3230 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 .208209.Node: ha\n-00001790: 7368 7375 6d7f 3230 3835 3839 0a4e 6f64 shsum.208589.Nod\n-000017a0: 653a 2068 656c 707f 3230 3938 3930 0a4e e: help.209890.N\n-000017b0: 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 7f32 3130 ode: hexdump.210\n-000017c0: 3334 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 343.Node: insmod\n-000017d0: 7f32 3130 3936 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6b65 .210960.Node: ke\n-000017e0: 7973 7461 7475 737f 3231 3131 3636 0a4e ystatus.211166.N\n-000017f0: 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 767f 3231 ode: list_env.21\n-00001800: 3137 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 1791.Node: list_\n-00001810: 7472 7573 7465 647f 3231 3231 3436 0a4e trusted.212146.N\n-00001820: 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 767f 3231 ode: load_env.21\n-00001830: 3237 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 6466 2722.Node: loadf\n-00001840: 6f6e 747f 3231 3434 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a ont.214408.Node:\n-00001850: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b7f 3231 3437 3732 loopback.214772\n-00001860: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 737f 3231 3533 3634 .Node: ls.215364\n-00001870: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 7f32 .Node: lsfonts.2\n-00001880: 3135 3839 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f 15891.Node: lsmo\n-00001890: 647f 3231 3630 3538 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d d.216058.Node: m\n-000018a0: 6435 7375 6d7f 3231 3632 3333 0a4e 6f64 d5sum.216233.Nod\n-000018b0: 653a 206d 6f64 756c 657f 3231 3635 3035 e: module.216505\n-000018c0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 .Node: multiboot\n-000018d0: 7f32 3136 3830 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 .216802.Node: na\n-000018e0: 7469 7665 6469 736b 7f32 3137 3930 300a tivedisk.217900.\n-000018f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 7f32 3138 Node: normal.218\n-00001900: 3238 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 284.Node: normal\n-00001910: 5f65 7869 747f 3231 3930 3532 0a4e 6f64 _exit.219052.Nod\n-00001920: 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c7f 3231 3933 e: parttool.2193\n-00001930: 3539 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 59.Node: passwor\n-00001940: 647f 3232 3038 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 d.220886.Node: p\n-00001950: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 7f32 assword_pbkdf2.2\n-00001960: 3231 3135 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 21153.Node: plai\n-00001970: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 7f32 3231 3535 360a 4e6f nmount.221556.No\n-00001980: 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 de: plainmount-F\n-00001990: 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 7f32 3235 3331 380a ootnotes.225318.\n-000019a0: 5265 663a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742d Ref: plainmount-\n-000019b0: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 7f32 3235 3338 Footnote-1.22538\n-000019c0: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 7f32 3235 3.Node: play.225\n-000019d0: 3437 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6f62 657f 474.Node: probe.\n-000019e0: 3232 3632 3032 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 646d 226202.Node: rdm\n-000019f0: 7372 7f32 3236 3637 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 sr.226673.Node: \n-00001a00: 7265 6164 7f32 3237 3434 350a 4e6f 6465 read.227445.Node\n-00001a10: 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 7f32 3237 3838 380a : reboot.227888.\n-00001a20: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 7f32 3238 Node: regexp.228\n-00001a30: 3035 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f 647f 056.Node: rmmod.\n-00001a40: 3232 3835 3838 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6176 228588.Node: sav\n-00001a50: 655f 656e 767f 3232 3837 3636 0a4e 6f64 e_env.228766.Nod\n-00001a60: 653a 2073 6561 7263 687f 3232 3937 3833 e: search.229783\n-00001a70: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b 6579 7f32 .Node: sendkey.2\n-00001a80: 3331 3339 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 747f 31397.Node: set.\n-00001a90: 3233 3739 3131 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 237911.Node: sha\n-00001aa0: 3173 756d 7f32 3338 3332 330a 4e6f 6465 1sum.238323.Node\n-00001ab0: 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d7f 3233 3836 : sha256sum.2386\n-00001ac0: 3031 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3531 3273 01.Node: sha512s\n-00001ad0: 756d 7f32 3338 3839 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 um.238893.Node: \n-00001ae0: 736c 6565 707f 3233 3931 3833 0a4e 6f64 sleep.239183.Nod\n-00001af0: 653a 2073 6d62 696f 737f 3233 3936 3936 e: smbios.239696\n-00001b00: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6f75 7263 657f 3234 .Node: source.24\n-00001b10: 3237 3630 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6573 747f 2760.Node: test.\n-00001b20: 3234 3333 3036 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 243306.Node: tru\n-00001b30: 657f 3234 3631 3830 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 e.246180.Node: t\n-00001b40: 7275 7374 7f32 3436 3435 390a 4e6f 6465 rust.246459.Node\n-00001b50: 3a20 756e 7365 747f 3234 3732 3632 0a4e : unset.247262.N\n-00001b60: 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 ode: verify_deta\n-00001b70: 6368 6564 7f32 3437 3436 310a 4e6f 6465 ched.247461.Node\n-00001b80: 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f7f 3234 3835 : videoinfo.2485\n-00001b90: 3035 0a4e 6f64 653a 2077 726d 7372 7f32 05.Node: wrmsr.2\n-00001ba0: 3438 3736 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 48768.Node: Netw\n-00001bb0: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f orking commands.\n-00001bc0: 3234 3935 3434 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 249544.Node: net\n-00001bd0: 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 727f 3235 3036 3137 _add_addr.250617\n-00001be0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 .Node: net_add_d\n-00001bf0: 6e73 7f32 3531 3134 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ns.251141.Node: \n-00001c00: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 657f 3235 net_add_route.25\n-00001c10: 3134 3137 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f62 1417.Node: net_b\n-00001c20: 6f6f 7470 7f32 3531 3934 350a 4e6f 6465 ootp.251945.Node\n-00001c30: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 7f32 : net_del_addr.2\n-00001c40: 3532 3331 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 52310.Node: net_\n-00001c50: 6465 6c5f 646e 737f 3235 3235 3530 0a4e del_dns.252550.N\n-00001c60: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 ode: net_del_rou\n-00001c70: 7465 7f32 3532 3739 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 te.252797.Node: \n-00001c80: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 7f32 3533 3033 310a net_dhcp.253031.\n-00001c90: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 Node: net_get_dh\n-00001ca0: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e7f 3235 3531 3036 cp_option.255106\n-00001cb0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f .Node: net_ipv6_\n-00001cc0: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 7f32 3535 3630 370a autoconf.255607.\n-00001cd0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 Node: net_ls_add\n-00001ce0: 727f 3235 3630 3332 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e r.256032.Node: n\n-00001cf0: 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 737f 3235 3632 et_ls_cards.2562\n-00001d00: 3830 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 80.Node: net_ls_\n-00001d10: 646e 737f 3235 3635 3136 0a4e 6f64 653a dns.256516.Node:\n-00001d20: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 7f32 net_ls_routes.2\n-00001d30: 3536 3734 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 56747.Node: net_\n-00001d40: 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 7f32 3536 3935 340a nslookup.256954.\n-00001d50: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c Node: net_set_vl\n-00001d60: 616e 7f32 3537 3235 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 an.257259.Node: \n-00001d70: 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d Undocumented com\n-00001d80: 6d61 6e64 737f 3235 3737 3232 0a4e 6f64 mands.257722.Nod\n-00001d90: 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c e: International\n-00001da0: 6973 6174 696f 6e7f 3236 3334 3334 0a4e isation.263434.N\n-00001db0: 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 6974 797f 3237 ode: Security.27\n-00001dc0: 3032 3734 0a4e 6f64 653a 2041 7574 6865 0274.Node: Authe\n-00001dd0: 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 ntication and au\n-00001de0: 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e7f 3237 3038 thorisation.2708\n-00001df0: 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 50.Node: Using d\n-00001e00: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n-00001e10: 737f 3237 3430 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 s.274046.Node: U\n-00001e20: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI secure boot \n-00001e30: 616e 6420 7368 696d 7f32 3737 3431 320a and shim.277412.\n-00001e40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f Node: Secure Boo\n-00001e50: 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 t Advanced Targe\n-00001e60: 7469 6e67 7f32 3738 3539 310a 4e6f 6465 ting.278591.Node\n-00001e70: 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 747f : Measured Boot.\n-00001e80: 3237 3936 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a 204c 6f63 279630.Node: Loc\n-00001e90: 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3238 3136 3332 0a4e 6f64 kdown.281632.Nod\n-00001ea0: 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 e: Platform limi\n-00001eb0: 7461 7469 6f6e 737f 3238 3231 3333 0a4e tations.282133.N\n-00001ec0: 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 ode: Platform-sp\n-00001ed0: 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ecific operation\n-00001ee0: 737f 3239 3031 3432 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 s.290142.Node: S\n-00001ef0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 upported kernels\n-00001f00: 7f32 3931 3233 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 .291233.Node: Tr\n-00001f10: 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 677f 3239 oubleshooting.29\n-00001f20: 3838 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 5255 4220 8870.Node: GRUB \n-00001f30: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 only offers a re\n-00001f40: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 7f32 3939 3133 scue shell.29913\n-00001f50: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 726d 7761 7265 9.Node: Firmware\n-00001f60: 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 stalls instead \n-00001f70: 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 427f of booting GRUB.\n-00001f80: 3330 3333 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 7365 303362.Node: Use\n-00001f90: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-00001fa0: 737f 3330 3339 3933 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 s.303993.Node: I\n-00001fb0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n-00001fc0: 7461 6c6c 7f33 3034 3732 340a 4e6f 6465 tall.304724.Node\n-00001fd0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00001fe0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 7f33 3036 3934 370a mkconfig.306947.\n-00001ff0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00002000: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n-00002010: 6466 327f 3330 3736 3239 0a4e 6f64 653a df2.307629.Node:\n-00002020: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00002030: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 7f33 3038 3334 310a krelpath.308341.\n-00002040: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00002050: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 7f33 3039 rub-mkrescue.309\n-00002060: 3136 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 163.Node: Invoki\n-00002070: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 747f 3331 ng grub-mount.31\n-00002080: 3130 3231 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 1021.Node: Invok\n-00002090: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 7f33 ing grub-probe.3\n-000020a0: 3134 3137 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 14175.Node: Invo\n-000020b0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 king grub-script\n-000020c0: 2d63 6865 636b 7f33 3136 3933 380a 4e6f -check.316938.No\n-000020d0: 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e de: Obtaining an\n-000020e0: 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 427f d Building GRUB.\n-000020f0: 3331 3736 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 2052 6570 317695.Node: Rep\n-00002100: 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 737f 3331 3839 orting bugs.3189\n-00002110: 3430 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 7574 7572 657f 40.Node: Future.\n-00002120: 3332 3137 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6f70 321764.Node: Cop\n-00002130: 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c ying This Manual\n-00002140: 7f33 3232 3136 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e .322164.Node: GN\n-00002150: 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 U Free Documenta\n-00002160: 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 7f33 3232 tion License.322\n-00002170: 3339 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 6465 787f 392.Node: Index.\n-00002180: 3334 3437 3834 0a1f 0a45 6e64 2054 6167 344784...End Tag\n-00002190: 2054 6162 6c65 0a0a 1f0a 4c6f 6361 6c20 Table....Local \n-000021a0: 5661 7269 6162 6c65 733a 0a63 6f64 696e Variables:.codin\n-000021b0: 673a 2075 7466 2d38 0a45 6e64 3a0a g: utf-8.End:.\n+00000070: 3131 204a 756e 6520 3230 3235 292e 0a0a 11 June 2025)...\n+00000080: 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 20c2 a90a Copyright ...\n+00000090: 3139 3939 2c32 3030 302c 3230 3031 2c32 1999,2000,2001,2\n+000000a0: 3030 322c 3230 3034 2c32 3030 362c 3230 002,2004,2006,20\n+000000b0: 3038 2c32 3030 392c 3230 3130 2c32 3031 08,2009,2010,201\n+000000c0: 312c 3230 3132 2c32 3031 3320 4672 6565 1,2012,2013 Free\n+000000d0: 0a53 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 .Software Founda\n+000000e0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 tion, Inc... \n+000000f0: 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 6973 2067 Permission is g\n+00000100: 7261 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2c20 ranted to copy, \n+00000110: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2061 6e64 2f6f distribute and/o\n+00000120: 7220 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6869 730a 2020 r modify this. \n+00000130: 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 756e 6465 document unde\n+00000140: 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 r the terms of t\n+00000150: 6865 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 he GNU Free Docu\n+00000160: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n+00000170: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 e,. Version \n+00000180: 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 1.2 or any later\n+00000190: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 6c69 7368 version publish\n+000001a0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 6565 2053 ed by the Free S\n+000001b0: 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 2046 6f75 oftware. Fou\n+000001c0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 6820 6e6f ndation; with no\n+000001d0: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n+000001e0: 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 5345 ons..INFO-DIR-SE\n+000001f0: 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c 0a53 5441 CTION Kernel.STA\n+00000200: 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 RT-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n+00000210: 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 7275 6229 Y.* GRUB: (grub)\n+00000220: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00000230: 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 556e 6966 The GRand Unif\n+00000240: 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a ied Bootloader.*\n+00000250: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 2028 grub-install: (\n+00000260: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+00000270: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 2020 2049 ub-install. I\n+00000280: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 nstall GRUB on y\n+00000290: 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 6772 7562 our drive.* grub\n+000002a0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 6772 7562 -mkconfig: (grub\n+000002b0: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+000002c0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 kconfig. Genera\n+000002d0: 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 te GRUB configur\n+000002e0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 ation.* grub-mkp\n+000002f0: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2867 asswd-pbkdf2: (g\n+00000300: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000310: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+00000320: 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 2..* grub-mkrelp\n+00000330: 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b ath: (grub)Invok\n+00000340: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n+00000350: 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 th..* grub-mkres\n+00000360: 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b cue: (grub)Invok\n+00000370: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n+00000380: 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 e. Make a GRUB \n+00000390: 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2067 rescue image.* g\n+000003a0: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 6772 7562 rub-mount: (grub\n+000003b0: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+000003c0: 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 ount. Mou\n+000003d0: 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d nt a file system\n+000003e0: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 6772 using GRUB.* gr\n+000003f0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 7275 6229 ub-probe: (grub)\n+00000400: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 Invoking grub-pr\n+00000410: 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 obe. Prob\n+00000420: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 e device informa\n+00000430: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 tion.* grub-scri\n+00000440: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 7275 6229 pt-check: (grub)\n+00000450: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n+00000460: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a 454e 442d ript-check..END-\n+00000470: 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 0a0a INFO-DIR-ENTRY..\n+00000480: 1f0a 496e 6469 7265 6374 3a0a 6772 7562 ..Indirect:.grub\n+00000490: 2e69 6e66 6f2d 313a 2031 3135 320a 6772 .info-1: 1152.gr\n+000004a0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2d 323a 2033 3033 3336 ub.info-2: 30336\n+000004b0: 380a 1f0a 5461 6720 5461 626c 653a 0a28 8...Tag Table:.(\n+000004c0: 496e 6469 7265 6374 290a 4e6f 6465 3a20 Indirect).Node: \n+000004d0: 546f 707f 3131 3532 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 Top.1152.Node: I\n+000004e0: 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e7f 3337 3231 ntroduction.3721\n+000004f0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 777f .Node: Overview.\n+00000500: 3431 3635 0a4e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 4165.Node: Overv\n+00000510: 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f 3631 iew-Footnotes.61\n+00000520: 3633 0a52 6566 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 63.Ref: Overview\n+00000530: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 317f 3632 3234 -Footnote-1.6224\n+00000540: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2048 6973 746f 7279 7f36 .Node: History.6\n+00000550: 3339 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 390.Node: Change\n+00000560: 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 s from GRUB Lega\n+00000570: 6379 7f38 3438 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 cy.8480.Node: Fe\n+00000580: 6174 7572 6573 7f31 3130 3134 0a4e 6f64 atures.11014.Nod\n+00000590: 653a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 e: Features-Foot\n+000005a0: 6e6f 7465 737f 3137 3538 330a 5265 663a notes.17583.Ref:\n+000005b0: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n+000005c0: 7465 2d31 7f31 3736 3434 0a52 6566 3a20 te-1.17644.Ref: \n+000005d0: 4665 6174 7572 6573 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 Features-Footnot\n+000005e0: 652d 327f 3137 3734 300a 5265 663a 2046 e-2.17740.Ref: F\n+000005f0: 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 eatures-Footnote\n+00000600: 2d33 7f31 3738 3837 0a4e 6f64 653a 2052 -3.17887.Node: R\n+00000610: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n+00000620: 6164 6572 7f31 3830 3332 0a4e 6f64 653a ader.18032.Node:\n+00000630: 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 Role of a boot \n+00000640: 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 loader-Footnotes\n+00000650: 7f31 3933 3731 0a52 6566 3a20 526f 6c65 .19371.Ref: Role\n+00000660: 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 of a boot loade\n+00000670: 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 7f31 3934 r-Footnote-1.194\n+00000680: 3538 0a4e 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e 6720 58.Node: Naming \n+00000690: 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 7f31 3935 3337 convention.19537\n+000006a0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 .Node: OS-specif\n+000006b0: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 ic notes about g\n+000006c0: 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 737f 3232 3530 340a rub tools.22504.\n+000006d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 Node: Installati\n+000006e0: 6f6e 7f32 3335 3430 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 on.23540.Node: I\n+000006f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 nstalling GRUB u\n+00000700: 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c sing grub-instal\n+00000710: 6c7f 3234 3639 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 l.24690.Node: Ma\n+00000720: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n+00000730: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d7f 3237 3034 able CD-ROM.2704\n+00000740: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 5.Node: Making a\n+00000750: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n+00000760: 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f D-ROM-Footnotes.\n+00000770: 3238 3936 300a 5265 663a 204d 616b 696e 28960.Ref: Makin\n+00000780: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n+00000790: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 e CD-ROM-Footnot\n+000007a0: 652d 317f 3239 3036 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 e-1.29063.Node: \n+000007b0: 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 7f32 3931 3338 Device map.29138\n+000007c0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 .Node: BIOS inst\n+000007d0: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 7f33 3131 3235 0a4e allation.31125.N\n+000007e0: 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 7f33 3536 ode: Booting.356\n+000007f0: 3239 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 29.Node: General\n+00000800: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 737f 3336 boot methods.36\n+00000810: 3136 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 164.Node: Loadin\n+00000820: 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 g an operating s\n+00000830: 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 7f33 ystem directly.3\n+00000840: 3638 3631 0a4e 6f64 653a 204b 6578 6563 6861.Node: Kexec\n+00000850: 7f33 3735 3838 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 .37588.Node: Cha\n+00000860: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 7f33 3833 3531 in-loading.38351\n+00000870: 0a4e 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 .Node: Loopback \n+00000880: 626f 6f74 696e 677f 3339 3331 350a 4e6f booting.39315.No\n+00000890: 6465 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f de: LVM cache bo\n+000008a0: 6f74 696e 677f 3431 3037 330a 4e6f 6465 oting.41073.Node\n+000008b0: 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f : OS-specific no\n+000008c0: 7465 737f 3432 3333 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 tes.42339.Node: \n+000008d0: 474e 552f 4875 7264 7f34 3236 3239 0a4e GNU/Hurd.42629.N\n+000008e0: 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 7f34 ode: GNU/Linux.4\n+000008f0: 3337 3630 0a4e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 4253 3760.Node: NetBS\n+00000900: 447f 3435 3132 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f D.45122.Node: DO\n+00000910: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 737f 3436 3631 360a S/Windows.46616.\n+00000920: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 Node: Configurat\n+00000930: 696f 6e7f 3438 3431 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ion.48410.Node: \n+00000940: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n+00000950: 7469 6f6e 7f34 3931 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a tion.49130.Node:\n+00000960: 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 Root Identifcat\n+00000970: 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 7f36 ion Heuristics.6\n+00000980: 3831 3236 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6865 6c6c 8126.Node: Shell\n+00000990: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 677f -like scripting.\n+000009a0: 3731 3237 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c 71278.Node: Shel\n+000009b0: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n+000009c0: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 7f37 3938 3534 -Footnotes.79854\n+000009d0: 0a52 6566 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 .Ref: Shell-like\n+000009e0: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e scripting-Footn\n+000009f0: 6f74 652d 317f 3739 3933 390a 4e6f 6465 ote-1.79939.Node\n+00000a00: 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e : Multi-boot man\n+00000a10: 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 7f38 3030 3636 ual config.80066\n+00000a20: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 .Node: Embedded \n+00000a30: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e7f 3833 configuration.83\n+00000a40: 3638 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5468 656d 6520 689.Node: Theme \n+00000a50: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 747f 3836 3632 file format.8662\n+00000a60: 350a 5265 663a 2050 6978 6d61 702d 7374 5.Ref: Pixmap-st\n+00000a70: 796c 6564 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 yled progress ba\n+00000a80: 727f 3838 3039 300a 5265 663a 2050 6c61 r.88090.Ref: Pla\n+00000a90: 696e 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722c in progress bar,\n+00000aa0: 2064 7261 776e 2077 6974 6820 736f 6c69 drawn with soli\n+00000ab0: 6420 636f 6c6f 722e 7f38 3831 3031 0a52 d color..88101.R\n+00000ac0: 6566 3a20 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f ef: An example o\n+00000ad0: 6620 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 696e f the slices (in\n+00000ae0: 2072 6564 2920 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 red) used for a\n+00000af0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 terminal window\n+00000b00: 2e20 5468 6973 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2077 . This drawing w\n+00000b10: 6173 2063 7265 6174 6564 2061 6e64 2073 as created and s\n+00000b20: 6c69 6365 6420 696e 2049 6e6b 7363 6170 liced in Inkscap\n+00000b30: 655f 2c20 6173 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 e_, as the next \n+00000b40: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6578 706c 6169 6e73 section explains\n+00000b50: 2e7f 3931 3539 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 ..91592.Node: Ne\n+00000b60: 7477 6f72 6b7f 3131 3230 3535 0a4e 6f64 twork.112055.Nod\n+00000b70: 653a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e e: Serial termin\n+00000b80: 616c 7f31 3136 3639 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 al.116693.Node: \n+00000b90: 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 Vendor power-on \n+00000ba0: 6b65 7973 7f31 3138 3934 320a 4e6f 6465 keys.118942.Node\n+00000bb0: 3a20 496d 6167 6573 7f31 3230 3932 310a : Images.120921.\n+00000bc0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 Node: Core image\n+00000bd0: 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e size limitation\n+00000be0: 7f31 3236 3034 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 .126048.Node: Fi\n+00000bf0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7f31 3238 3633 340a lesystem.128634.\n+00000c00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e Node: Device syn\n+00000c10: 7461 787f 3132 3933 3437 0a4e 6f64 653a tax.129347.Node:\n+00000c20: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n+00000c30: 787f 3133 3234 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a 2042 x.132484.Node: B\n+00000c40: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 lock list syntax\n+00000c50: 7f31 3333 3539 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .133598.Node: In\n+00000c60: 7465 7266 6163 657f 3133 3434 3938 0a4e terface.134498.N\n+00000c70: 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ode: Command-lin\n+00000c80: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 657f 3133 3533 e interface.1353\n+00000c90: 3236 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 26.Node: Command\n+00000ca0: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d -line interface-\n+00000cb0: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f 3133 3732 3530 Footnotes.137250\n+00000cc0: 0a52 6566 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 .Ref: Command-li\n+00000cd0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f ne interface-Foo\n+00000ce0: 746e 6f74 652d 317f 3133 3733 3339 0a4e tnote-1.137339.N\n+00000cf0: 6f64 653a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 ode: Menu interf\n+00000d00: 6163 657f 3133 3734 3334 0a4e 6f64 653a ace.137434.Node:\n+00000d10: 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 Menu entry edit\n+00000d20: 6f72 7f31 3338 3537 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 or.138577.Node: \n+00000d30: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 747f 3133 3933 Environment.1393\n+00000d40: 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 7065 6369 616c 19.Node: Special\n+00000d50: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00000d60: 6961 626c 6573 7f31 3430 3032 310a 4e6f iables.140021.No\n+00000d70: 6465 3a20 6269 6f73 6e75 6d7f 3134 3131 de: biosnum.1411\n+00000d80: 3831 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 81.Node: check_s\n+00000d90: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 737f 3134 3137 3035 ignatures.141705\n+00000da0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 686f 7365 6e7f 3134 .Node: chosen.14\n+00000db0: 3139 3932 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d64 7061 1992.Node: cmdpa\n+00000dc0: 7468 7f31 3432 3433 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 th.142439.Node: \n+00000dd0: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 747f color_highlight.\n+00000de0: 3134 3238 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c 142870.Node: col\n+00000df0: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c7f 3134 3332 3930 or_normal.143290\n+00000e00: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 .Node: config_di\n+00000e10: 7265 6374 6f72 797f 3134 3530 3435 0a4e rectory.145045.N\n+00000e20: 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 ode: config_file\n+00000e30: 7f31 3435 3333 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 .145339.Node: de\n+00000e40: 6275 677f 3134 3537 3430 0a4e 6f64 653a bug.145740.Node:\n+00000e50: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7f31 3436 3731 330a default.146713.\n+00000e60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 7f31 Node: fallback.1\n+00000e70: 3438 3136 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 786d 48169.Node: gfxm\n+00000e80: 6f64 657f 3134 3835 3036 0a4e 6f64 653a ode.148506.Node:\n+00000e90: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 647f 3134 3933 gfxpayload.1493\n+00000ea0: 3336 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 7465 726d 36.Node: gfxterm\n+00000eb0: 5f66 6f6e 747f 3135 3035 3236 0a4e 6f64 _font.150526.Nod\n+00000ec0: 653a 2067 7275 625f 6370 757f 3135 3038 e: grub_cpu.1508\n+00000ed0: 3334 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 706c 34.Node: grub_pl\n+00000ee0: 6174 666f 726d 7f31 3531 3133 340a 4e6f atform.151134.No\n+00000ef0: 6465 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 727f 3135 3134 de: icondir.1514\n+00000f00: 3338 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 616e 677f 3135 38.Node: lang.15\n+00000f10: 3137 3539 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 616c 1759.Node: local\n+00000f20: 655f 6469 727f 3135 3232 3434 0a4e 6f64 e_dir.152244.Nod\n+00000f30: 653a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3135 3237 e: lockdown.1527\n+00000f40: 3439 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 49.Node: menu_co\n+00000f50: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 747f 3135 lor_highlight.15\n+00000f60: 3239 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 2995.Node: menu_\n+00000f70: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 7f31 3533 color_normal.153\n+00000f80: 3439 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 497.Node: net__boot_f\n+00000fa0: 696c 657f 3135 3430 3036 0a4e 6f64 653a ile.154006.Node:\n+00000fb0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00000fc0: 5f63 6c69 656e 7469 647f 3135 3432 3431 _clientid.154241\n+00000fd0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 .Node: net__clientuui\n+00000ff0: 647f 3135 3434 3833 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e d.154483.Node: n\n+00001000: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+00001010: 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 657f hcp_server_name.\n+00001020: 3135 3437 3336 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 154736.Node: net\n+00001030: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n+00001040: 6169 6e7f 3135 3439 3939 0a4e 6f64 653a ain.154999.Node:\n+00001050: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00001060: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 687f _extensionspath.\n+00001070: 3135 3532 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 155246.Node: net\n+00001080: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n+00001090: 746e 616d 657f 3135 3535 3031 0a4e 6f64 tname.155501.Nod\n+000010a0: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__ip.155740.Nod\n+000010c0: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__mac.155956.No\n+000010e0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__next_server.\n+00001100: 3135 3631 3737 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 156177.Node: net\n+00001110: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f __roo\n+00001120: 7470 6174 687f 3135 3634 3230 0a4e 6f64 tpath.156420.Nod\n+00001130: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 e: net_default_i\n+00001140: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7f31 3536 3635 390a nterface.156659.\n+00001150: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Node: net_defaul\n+00001160: 745f 6970 7f31 3536 3837 390a 4e6f 6465 t_ip.156879.Node\n+00001170: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 : net_default_ma\n+00001180: 637f 3135 3730 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e c.157076.Node: n\n+00001190: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 et_default_serve\n+000011a0: 727f 3135 3732 3732 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 r.157272.Node: p\n+000011b0: 6167 6572 7f31 3537 3436 350a 4e6f 6465 ager.157465.Node\n+000011c0: 3a20 7072 6566 6978 7f31 3537 3732 350a : prefix.157725.\n+000011d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a Node: pxe_blksiz\n+000011e0: 657f 3135 3831 3832 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 e.158182.Node: p\n+000011f0: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 xe_default_gatew\n+00001200: 6179 7f31 3538 3335 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ay.158359.Node: \n+00001210: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 pxe_default_serv\n+00001220: 6572 7f31 3538 3536 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 er.158564.Node: \n+00001230: 726f 6f74 7f31 3538 3736 300a 4e6f 6465 root.158760.Node\n+00001240: 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b7f 3135 3933 : shim_lock.1593\n+00001250: 3230 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 7570 6572 7573 20.Node: superus\n+00001260: 6572 737f 3135 3935 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a ers.159591.Node:\n+00001270: 2074 6865 6d65 7f31 3539 3834 340a 4e6f theme.159844.No\n+00001280: 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 747f 3136 3031 de: timeout.1601\n+00001290: 3639 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 69.Node: timeout\n+000012a0: 5f73 7479 6c65 7f31 3630 3833 300a 4e6f _style.160830.No\n+000012b0: 6465 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 de: tpm_fail_fat\n+000012c0: 616c 7f31 3631 3235 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 al.161254.Node: \n+000012d0: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 Environment bloc\n+000012e0: 6b7f 3136 3139 3339 0a4e 6f64 653a 204d k.161939.Node: M\n+000012f0: 6f64 756c 6573 7f31 3633 3339 350a 4e6f odules.163395.No\n+00001300: 6465 3a20 626c 697f 3136 3336 3830 0a4e de: bli.163680.N\n+00001310: 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3136 ode: Commands.16\n+00001320: 3436 3539 0a4e 6f64 653a 204d 656e 752d 4659.Node: Menu-\n+00001330: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 specific command\n+00001340: 737f 3136 3535 3438 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d s.165548.Node: m\n+00001350: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 7f31 3636 3236 370a enuentry.166267.\n+00001360: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 626d 656e 757f 3136 Node: submenu.16\n+00001370: 3738 3536 0a4e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6465 7856.Node: Loade\n+00001380: 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3638 3338 r commands.16838\n+00001390: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 9.Node: chainloa\n+000013a0: 6465 727f 3137 3038 3835 0a4e 6f64 653a der.170885.Node:\n+000013b0: 2069 6e69 7472 647f 3137 3135 3738 0a4e initrd.171578.N\n+000013c0: 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 367f 3137 ode: initrd16.17\n+000013d0: 3337 3734 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 3774.Node: linux\n+000013e0: 7f31 3734 3338 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .174380.Node: li\n+000013f0: 6e75 7831 367f 3137 3532 3837 0a4e 6f64 nux16.175287.Nod\n+00001400: 653a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f e: xen_hyperviso\n+00001410: 727f 3137 3539 3932 0a4e 6f64 653a 2078 r.175992.Node: x\n+00001420: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 657f 3137 3634 3336 en_module.176436\n+00001430: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 .Node: General c\n+00001440: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3137 3639 3337 0a4e ommands.176937.N\n+00001450: 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c7f 3137 3733 ode: serial.1773\n+00001460: 3837 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 87.Node: termina\n+00001470: 6c5f 696e 7075 747f 3137 3932 3539 0a4e l_input.179259.N\n+00001480: 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 ode: terminal_ou\n+00001490: 7470 7574 7f31 3739 3932 390a 4e6f 6465 tput.179929.Node\n+000014a0: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 7f31 3830 3630 : terminfo.18060\n+000014b0: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 0.Node: Command-\n+000014c0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3138 line commands.18\n+000014d0: 3138 3837 0a4e 6f64 653a 205b 7f31 3837 1887.Node: [.187\n+000014e0: 3032 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6163 7069 7f31 024.Node: acpi.1\n+000014f0: 3837 3139 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6175 7468 87195.Node: auth\n+00001500: 656e 7469 6361 7465 7f31 3838 3436 370a enticate.188467.\n+00001510: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Node: background\n+00001520: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 7f31 3838 3838 370a 4e6f _color.188887.No\n+00001530: 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 de: background_i\n+00001540: 6d61 6765 7f31 3839 3534 390a 4e6f 6465 mage.189549.Node\n+00001550: 3a20 6261 6472 616d 7f31 3930 3039 300a : badram.190090.\n+00001560: 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 747f Node: blocklist.\n+00001570: 3139 3134 3635 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6f6f 191465.Node: boo\n+00001580: 747f 3139 3136 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 t.191684.Node: c\n+00001590: 6174 7f31 3931 3939 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 at.191991.Node: \n+000015a0: 636c 6561 727f 3139 3239 3638 0a4e 6f64 clear.192968.Nod\n+000015b0: 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 7f31 3933 e: cmosclean.193\n+000015c0: 3133 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 131.Node: cmosdu\n+000015d0: 6d70 7f31 3933 3432 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 mp.193420.Node: \n+000015e0: 636d 6f73 7465 7374 7f31 3933 3730 300a cmostest.193700.\n+000015f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 707f 3139 3430 3433 Node: cmp.194043\n+00001600: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c .Node: configfil\n+00001610: 657f 3139 3437 3938 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 e.194798.Node: c\n+00001620: 7075 6964 7f31 3935 3231 320a 4e6f 6465 puid.195212.Node\n+00001630: 3a20 6372 637f 3139 3537 3830 0a4e 6f64 : crc.195780.Nod\n+00001640: 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 7f31 e: cryptomount.1\n+00001650: 3936 3034 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6375 746d 96047.Node: cutm\n+00001660: 656d 7f31 3938 3331 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 em.198317.Node: \n+00001670: 6461 7465 7f31 3939 3138 350a 4e6f 6465 date.199185.Node\n+00001680: 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 7f31 3939 : devicetree.199\n+00001690: 3731 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 7374 7275 714.Node: distru\n+000016a0: 7374 7f32 3030 3234 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 st.200241.Node: \n+000016b0: 6472 6976 656d 6170 7f32 3031 3032 370a drivemap.201027.\n+000016c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 7f32 3031 3836 Node: echo.20186\n+000016d0: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 4.Node: efitextm\n+000016e0: 6f64 657f 3230 3238 3339 0a4e 6f64 653a ode.202839.Node:\n+000016f0: 2065 7661 6c7f 3230 3530 3733 0a4e 6f64 eval.205073.Nod\n+00001700: 653a 2065 7870 6f72 747f 3230 3533 3438 e: export.205348\n+00001710: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 7365 7f32 3035 .Node: false.205\n+00001720: 3634 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6677 7365 7475 648.Node: fwsetu\n+00001730: 707f 3230 3539 3337 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 p.205937.Node: g\n+00001740: 6462 696e 666f 7f32 3036 3238 360a 4e6f dbinfo.206286.No\n+00001750: 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 747f 3230 3638 de: gettext.2068\n+00001760: 3235 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 25.Node: gptsync\n+00001770: 7f32 3037 3237 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 .207271.Node: ha\n+00001780: 6c74 7f32 3038 3231 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 lt.208213.Node: \n+00001790: 6861 7368 7375 6d7f 3230 3835 3933 0a4e hashsum.208593.N\n+000017a0: 6f64 653a 2068 656c 707f 3230 3938 3934 ode: help.209894\n+000017b0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 7f32 .Node: hexdump.2\n+000017c0: 3130 3334 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 736d 10347.Node: insm\n+000017d0: 6f64 7f32 3130 3936 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 od.210964.Node: \n+000017e0: 6b65 7973 7461 7475 737f 3231 3131 3730 keystatus.211170\n+000017f0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 767f .Node: list_env.\n+00001800: 3231 3137 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 211795.Node: lis\n+00001810: 745f 7472 7573 7465 647f 3231 3231 3530 t_trusted.212150\n+00001820: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 767f .Node: load_env.\n+00001830: 3231 3237 3236 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 212726.Node: loa\n+00001840: 6466 6f6e 747f 3231 3434 3132 0a4e 6f64 dfont.214412.Nod\n+00001850: 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b7f 3231 3437 e: loopback.2147\n+00001860: 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 737f 3231 3533 76.Node: ls.2153\n+00001870: 3638 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 68.Node: lsfonts\n+00001880: 7f32 3135 3839 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .215895.Node: ls\n+00001890: 6d6f 647f 3231 3630 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a mod.216062.Node:\n+000018a0: 206d 6435 7375 6d7f 3231 3632 3337 0a4e md5sum.216237.N\n+000018b0: 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 657f 3231 3635 ode: module.2165\n+000018c0: 3039 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 756c 7469 626f 09.Node: multibo\n+000018d0: 6f74 7f32 3136 3830 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ot.216806.Node: \n+000018e0: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 7f32 3137 3930 nativedisk.21790\n+000018f0: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 7f32 4.Node: normal.2\n+00001900: 3138 3238 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 18288.Node: norm\n+00001910: 616c 5f65 7869 747f 3231 3930 3536 0a4e al_exit.219056.N\n+00001920: 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c7f 3231 ode: parttool.21\n+00001930: 3933 3633 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 9363.Node: passw\n+00001940: 6f72 647f 3232 3038 3930 0a4e 6f64 653a ord.220890.Node:\n+00001950: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n+00001960: 7f32 3231 3135 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c .221157.Node: pl\n+00001970: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 7f32 3231 3536 300a ainmount.221560.\n+00001980: 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 Node: plainmount\n+00001990: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 7f32 3235 3332 -Footnotes.22532\n+000019a0: 320a 5265 663a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 2.Ref: plainmoun\n+000019b0: 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 7f32 3235 t-Footnote-1.225\n+000019c0: 3338 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 7f32 387.Node: play.2\n+000019d0: 3235 3437 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6f62 25478.Node: prob\n+000019e0: 657f 3232 3632 3036 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 e.226206.Node: r\n+000019f0: 646d 7372 7f32 3236 3637 370a 4e6f 6465 dmsr.226677.Node\n+00001a00: 3a20 7265 6164 7f32 3237 3434 390a 4e6f : read.227449.No\n+00001a10: 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 7f32 3237 3839 de: reboot.22789\n+00001a20: 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 7f32 2.Node: regexp.2\n+00001a30: 3238 3036 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f 28060.Node: rmmo\n+00001a40: 647f 3232 3835 3932 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 d.228592.Node: s\n+00001a50: 6176 655f 656e 767f 3232 3837 3730 0a4e ave_env.228770.N\n+00001a60: 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 687f 3232 3937 ode: search.2297\n+00001a70: 3837 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b 6579 87.Node: sendkey\n+00001a80: 7f32 3331 3430 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 .231401.Node: se\n+00001a90: 747f 3233 3739 3135 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 t.237915.Node: s\n+00001aa0: 6861 3173 756d 7f32 3338 3332 370a 4e6f ha1sum.238327.No\n+00001ab0: 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d7f 3233 de: sha256sum.23\n+00001ac0: 3836 3035 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3531 8605.Node: sha51\n+00001ad0: 3273 756d 7f32 3338 3839 370a 4e6f 6465 2sum.238897.Node\n+00001ae0: 3a20 736c 6565 707f 3233 3931 3837 0a4e : sleep.239187.N\n+00001af0: 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f 737f 3233 3937 ode: smbios.2397\n+00001b00: 3030 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6f75 7263 657f 00.Node: source.\n+00001b10: 3234 3237 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6573 242764.Node: tes\n+00001b20: 747f 3234 3333 3130 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 t.243310.Node: t\n+00001b30: 7275 657f 3234 3631 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a rue.246184.Node:\n+00001b40: 2074 7275 7374 7f32 3436 3436 330a 4e6f trust.246463.No\n+00001b50: 6465 3a20 756e 7365 747f 3234 3732 3636 de: unset.247266\n+00001b60: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 .Node: verify_de\n+00001b70: 7461 6368 6564 7f32 3437 3436 350a 4e6f tached.247465.No\n+00001b80: 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f7f 3234 de: videoinfo.24\n+00001b90: 3835 3039 0a4e 6f64 653a 2077 726d 7372 8509.Node: wrmsr\n+00001ba0: 7f32 3438 3737 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 .248772.Node: Ne\n+00001bb0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+00001bc0: 737f 3234 3935 3438 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e s.249548.Node: n\n+00001bd0: 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 727f 3235 3036 et_add_addr.2506\n+00001be0: 3231 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 21.Node: net_add\n+00001bf0: 5f64 6e73 7f32 3531 3134 350a 4e6f 6465 _dns.251145.Node\n+00001c00: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 657f : net_add_route.\n+00001c10: 3235 3134 3231 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 251421.Node: net\n+00001c20: 5f62 6f6f 7470 7f32 3531 3934 390a 4e6f _bootp.251949.No\n+00001c30: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 de: net_del_addr\n+00001c40: 7f32 3532 3331 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .252314.Node: ne\n+00001c50: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 737f 3235 3235 3534 t_del_dns.252554\n+00001c60: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 .Node: net_del_r\n+00001c70: 6f75 7465 7f32 3532 3830 310a 4e6f 6465 oute.252801.Node\n+00001c80: 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 7f32 3533 3033 : net_dhcp.25303\n+00001c90: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 5.Node: net_get_\n+00001ca0: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e7f 3235 3531 dhcp_option.2551\n+00001cb0: 3130 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 10.Node: net_ipv\n+00001cc0: 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 7f32 3535 3631 6_autoconf.25561\n+00001cd0: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 1.Node: net_ls_a\n+00001ce0: 6464 727f 3235 3630 3336 0a4e 6f64 653a ddr.256036.Node:\n+00001cf0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 737f 3235 net_ls_cards.25\n+00001d00: 3632 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 6284.Node: net_l\n+00001d10: 735f 646e 737f 3235 3635 3230 0a4e 6f64 s_dns.256520.Nod\n+00001d20: 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 e: net_ls_routes\n+00001d30: 7f32 3536 3735 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .256751.Node: ne\n+00001d40: 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 7f32 3536 3935 t_nslookup.25695\n+00001d50: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 8.Node: net_set_\n+00001d60: 766c 616e 7f32 3537 3236 330a 4e6f 6465 vlan.257263.Node\n+00001d70: 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 : Undocumented c\n+00001d80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3235 3737 3236 0a4e ommands.257726.N\n+00001d90: 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e ode: Internation\n+00001da0: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e7f 3236 3334 3338 alisation.263438\n+00001db0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 6974 797f .Node: Security.\n+00001dc0: 3237 3032 3738 0a4e 6f64 653a 2041 7574 270278.Node: Aut\n+00001dd0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 hentication and \n+00001de0: 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e7f 3237 authorisation.27\n+00001df0: 3038 3534 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 7369 6e67 0854.Node: Using\n+00001e00: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n+00001e10: 7265 737f 3237 3430 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a res.274050.Node:\n+00001e20: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n+00001e30: 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 7f32 3737 3431 t and shim.27741\n+00001e40: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6.Node: Secure B\n+00001e50: 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 oot Advanced Tar\n+00001e60: 6765 7469 6e67 7f32 3738 3539 350a 4e6f geting.278595.No\n+00001e70: 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f de: Measured Boo\n+00001e80: 747f 3237 3936 3334 0a4e 6f64 653a 204c t.279634.Node: L\n+00001e90: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3238 3136 3336 0a4e ockdown.281636.N\n+00001ea0: 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 ode: Platform li\n+00001eb0: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 737f 3238 3231 3337 mitations.282137\n+00001ec0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d .Node: Platform-\n+00001ed0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 specific operati\n+00001ee0: 6f6e 737f 3239 3031 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a ons.290146.Node:\n+00001ef0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 Supported kerne\n+00001f00: 6c73 7f32 3931 3233 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ls.291237.Node: \n+00001f10: 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 677f Troubleshooting.\n+00001f20: 3239 3838 3734 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 5255 298874.Node: GRU\n+00001f30: 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 B only offers a \n+00001f40: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 7f32 3939 rescue shell.299\n+00001f50: 3134 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 726d 7761 143.Node: Firmwa\n+00001f60: 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 re stalls instea\n+00001f70: 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 d of booting GRU\n+00001f80: 427f 3330 3333 3638 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 B.303368.Node: U\n+00001f90: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n+00001fa0: 6965 737f 3330 3339 3939 0a4e 6f64 653a ies.303999.Node:\n+00001fb0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n+00001fc0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 7f33 3034 3733 300a 4e6f nstall.304730.No\n+00001fd0: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n+00001fe0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 7f33 3036 3935 b-mkconfig.30695\n+00001ff0: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 3.Node: Invoking\n+00002000: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n+00002010: 626b 6466 327f 3330 3736 3335 0a4e 6f64 bkdf2.307635.Nod\n+00002020: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n+00002030: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 7f33 3038 3334 -mkrelpath.30834\n+00002040: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 7.Node: Invoking\n+00002050: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 7f33 grub-mkrescue.3\n+00002060: 3039 3136 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 09169.Node: Invo\n+00002070: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 747f king grub-mount.\n+00002080: 3331 3130 3237 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 311027.Node: Inv\n+00002090: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 oking grub-probe\n+000020a0: 7f33 3134 3138 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .314181.Node: In\n+000020b0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 voking grub-scri\n+000020c0: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 7f33 3136 3934 340a pt-check.316944.\n+000020d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 Node: Obtaining \n+000020e0: 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 and Building GRU\n+000020f0: 427f 3331 3737 3031 0a4e 6f64 653a 2052 B.317701.Node: R\n+00002100: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 737f 3331 eporting bugs.31\n+00002110: 3839 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 7574 7572 8946.Node: Futur\n+00002120: 657f 3332 3137 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 e.321770.Node: C\n+00002130: 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 opying This Manu\n+00002140: 616c 7f33 3232 3137 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 al.322170.Node: \n+00002150: 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e GNU Free Documen\n+00002160: 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 7f33 tation License.3\n+00002170: 3232 3339 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 6465 22398.Node: Inde\n+00002180: 787f 3334 3437 3930 0a1f 0a45 6e64 2054 x.344790...End T\n+00002190: 6167 2054 6162 6c65 0a0a 1f0a 4c6f 6361 ag Table....Loca\n+000021a0: 6c20 5661 7269 6162 6c65 733a 0a63 6f64 l Variables:.cod\n+000021b0: 696e 673a 2075 7466 2d38 0a45 6e64 3a0a ing: utf-8.End:.\n"}]}]}]}]}]}